INTELLIGENCE REPORT RED GUARD AND REVOLUTIONARY REBEL ORGANIZATIONS IN COMMUNIST CHINA ( A RESEARCH AID )

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85T00875R001000010029-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 72
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 3, 2009
• Sequence Number: 29
• Publication Date: May 28, 1968
• Content Type: IR

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Top Secret 25X1
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Report
RED GUARD AND REVOLUTIONARY REBEL
ORGANIZATIONS IN COMMUNIST CHINA
(A RESEARCH AID)
(Reference Title: POLO XXX)
Top Secret 25X1
Copy No.
28 May 1968 25X1
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"Any kind of organization is all right,
as long as it is in the name of the
great cultural revolution. The organiz-
ing of different opinions is the free-
dom of organization."
--Chou En-lai, speech to students at
Tsinghua University, 22 August 1966
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RED GUARD AND REVOLUTIONARY REBEL ORGANIZATIONS IN COMMUNIST CHINA
(A RESEARCH AID)
Introduction
These working charts, prepared by the DDI/Special Research Staff, are
drawn from a larger analytical study (in progress) of the Red Guard movement
in Communist China. An attempt has been made to identify the major Red Guard
and Revolutionary Rebel groups in each province, autonomous region, and major
city, to list the opponents as well as the allies of these groups, to note
shifts in these alliances over time, and to provide a brief chronology (where
possible) of the varying fortunes of these organizations as of May 1968.
Users of these charts should note the following two points. First, the
description of a given Red Guard or Revolutionary Rebel group as "revolutionary,"
"conservative," "counterrevolutionary," and so forth, is in every case taken
from official Chinese Communist statements (e.g., Mao Tse-tung, Chou En-lai,
Madame Mao, the Central Committee, the Central CRG) and does not represent a
judgment of the DDI/SRS. These statements are usually found in Red Guard sources,
but are believed to be accurately rendered. On the other hand, Red Guard pro-
nouncements per se as to the political leanings of their own or other groups
have not been used, as they are notoriously biased and misleading.
Second, allied and opposing groups are identified only on the basis of
concrete evidence. For example, in a given province, group "1" may be opposed
by groups "2" and "3", but the inference does not necessarily follow that
groups "2" and "3" are allies (the three groups may, in fact, be mutually
hostile).
The DDI/SRS would welcome comment on these working charts, addressed
to either the Chief of the Staff or the compile
-t-
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-
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List of Abbreviations
aka
Assn
CC
also known as
Association
Central Committee
RGA
TTOMTT
Revolutionary Great
Alliance
"the thought of
Mao Tse-tung"
Coll(s)
College(s)
Univ(s) University(ies)
25X1
c-revy
counterrevolutionary
YCL
Young Communist League
CRG
Ctte
Cultural Revolution Group
Committee
est
Gen
GHQ
GPCR
Hqs
it
L-M
established
General
General Headquarters
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Headquarters
Joint
Lower-Middle
M-S(s)
nfi
prep
prol
revy
RG(s)
Middle School(s)
not further identified
preparatory
proletarian
revolutionary
Red Guard(s)
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NOTE
The number under the columns labelled "Opponents" and "Supporters"
refers to the number assigned arbitrarily by the compiler to each Red
Guard or Revolutionary Rebel group. For example, in Anhwei Province
"27 August" (group #4) is supported by #10 (Red Guard Army) and opposed
by #11 (Army Command). In Chekiang Province, #1 is opposed by #3 and
#25, but supported by groups 11 through 20. These numbers are not in-
tended to indicate any hierarchy of importance or power among the various
Red Guard groups in a given province. They are solely for purposes of
identification in this publication.
The user will also note the detailed listing of Red Guard groups
for some areas (Peking, Kwangtung, etc.) and the brief compilations for
others (Kirin, Ninghsia, Shensi). The brevity of the latter is due solely
to lack of information.
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
1. Hofei Colleges & M-Ss RG Revy Rebel Hqs.
(est. 18 October 1966)
2. Paohung Faction ("P" faction?) (Bombardiers)- - - - - 3
3. Chihlin Faction ("G" faction?) (Support The
Provisional Organ of Power?) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
(These two major contending factions were both
declared revy..mass organizations by the State
Council 19 July 1967. Chiang Ching urged them
to unite 5 September 1967.)
4. 27 August - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 10
5 27 August Rebel-to-the-end Liaison Station
6. Red Revy Assn (hung-ko hui)
7. Workers' Rebel Jt. Ctte.
3. Workers' 1st Hqs.
9. 3rd Hqs.
(CC declared Nos. 4-9 revy mass organizations
27 March 1967)
10. RG Army - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 4
(CC declared revy mass organization 27 March
1967, but must disband because its "form of
organization is not proper.")
11. Army Command (chun-tsung) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,10
(CC declared "conservative organization`'
27 March 1967)
12. Hofei Municipal Organs Revy Workers' Rebel Hqs.
(CC declared this organization suppressed
erroneously on 27 March 1967)
RG Congress of Univ. & M-Ss, Hofei Workers'
Congress and Hofei-area Poor & L-M Peasants
Congress all est. ca. 30 March 1968.
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
Hangchow
Opponents Supporters
1. Chekiang Provincial Revy Rebel Jt. Gen. Command - - - 3,25 11-20
to Defend TTCMTT (hereafter listed as Chekiang
Jt. Command. 8 August 1967 ff., praised on
Hangchow radio. Signed RGA with (3) 17 Feb. 196&)
2. Provincial Gen. Alliance RG
3. Chekiang Provisional Command of Red Rebels - - _ - - - 1
(signed RGA with (1) in Peking 17 Feb. 1968.)
4. Vanguard Main Team - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
5. West Lake Column - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
6. Flying Tiger Team - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
7. Militant Workers Team - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
8. Hangchow Univ. Anti-Revisionist Corps - - - - - - - - 10
9. Chekiang Physical Culture & Athletics Gen. Assn. - - 10
10. Red Riot (Chekiang Univ. students) - - - - - - - - - - 4-9
(declared a revy group by Mao and Chou En-lai in
late 1967, but described as "a bit too far to the
left.")
11. Hangchow Municipal Ctte of Revy Staff & Workers- - - - 1
12. Hangchow Steel Works Revy Rebels Jt. Command - - - - - 1
13. Isiaoshan Cotton Textile Plant Jt. Hqs. to
"Bombard the Hqs." ----------------- 1
14. Hsiaoshan Motor Works Jt. Hqs. of Revy Rebels - - - - 1
15. Chekiang Provincial Jt. Gen. Command of Revy
Rebels of Pocr & L-M Peasants - - - - - - - - - - - 1
16. RG Revy Rebels of Hangchow Univs, Colls & M-Ss- - - - 1
17. Revy Rebel GHQ of Chekiang Provincial-level Organs - - 1
18. Revy Rebel Jt. GHQ of Hangchow Municipal-level Organs
19. Revy Rebel Hqs. of Poor & L-M Peasants of the
Hangchow Suburbs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
20. RG 3rd Hqs. of Univs, M-Ss and Technical Schools - -1
21. Chekiang Chinese Medical Coll. Thunderstorm - - - - - - 22-
(later known as Bombardment Union: pao-lien)
22. Chekiang Medical Coll. Command Hqs Cc-hui pu)- - - 21
23. Chekiang Univ. Revy Rebel Jt. Gen. Command
(alliance est 11 December 1967, apparently between
Chekiapg Univ. Gen. Command and its opponent,
Chekiang Univ. Red Riot. This alliance broke down
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Hangchow (cont.)
24. Labor Jt. Gen. Command (lien-tsung) - - - - -- - - - - 26
25. Wenchow Jt. Gen Command- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,28,32,40,41*
26. Worker's Command - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
27. Wenchow Federation Hqs.
28. Wenchow Workers GHQ (kung-tsung-szu) - - - - - - - - 25 1
29. Wenc`.iow Revy Rebel GHQ-of the Chekiang Revy
Rebel Jt. Gen. Command - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
30. RG Revy Rebel GHQ of Cultural, Educational and
PublicHealthSystem --------------- 1 25X1
31. RG Revy Rebel GHQ of Commercial System - - - - - - - 1
32. Poor and L-M Peasants GHQ - ---- - - - - - - - - - 25 1
33. "Bombard the Hqs." Corps of Local Organizations - - 1
34. Revy Rebel GHQ of Local Organizations - - - - - - - 1
35. Revy Rebel GHQ of Finance & Trade System - - - - - 1
36. Foodstuffs Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
37. Gen. Detachment of Public Security - --- - - - - - 1
38. Wenchow Group of Hangchow Univs. & Schools - - - - 1
39. Wenchow Group of Nanking & Shanghai Univs. &
Normal Schools - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
40. Red Gen. Command (hung tsung-szu) - - - - - - - - - 25 1
41. 3rd Gen. Command for Defense of the Cultural
Revolution (wen=wei tsung-szu) - - - - - - - - - - 25 1
Shihpu
42. Shihpu Prol Allied GHQ
43. Red Rebel GHQ
44. Shihpu M-S GHQ
45. Ningpo Counter-Adverse Current
Other opponents of the Wenchow Jt. Gen. Command: Shanghai Tungchi Univ.
"East is Red," Chiaotung Univ "Rebel-to-the-End", Shanghai 3rd Hqs and sixteen
other unidentified Shanghai organizations.
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Pingyang
46. Allied GHQ
47. Red 3rdq@, of Rebel GHQ
48. Pingyang Rcvy Workers GHQ
49. Red Rebel Command
50. Red Revy Rebels
16 August 1967: Wenchow Liaison Station of Peking RG Congress convened, including:
Peking Aviation Red Flag, Peking Normal Chingkangshan, Peking Geology "East-
is-Red", Peking Forestry, Peking Tsinghua, New Peking Univ Commune. (The
Liaison Station members were opponents of (25) and pro (1)
16 December 1967: Chekiang Provincial RG Congress formally in session.
16 February 1968: reps. of Chekiang Provincial Revy Rebel Jt. Gen
Command and the Chekiang Provisional Command of Red Rebels signed an agree-
ment i.:. Peking to form RGA.
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
Opponents Supporters
1. Fukien Normal Coll Investigation Group
2. Fukien Normal M-S Investigation Group
3. Fukien Univ. Investigation Group
4. Amoy 8th M-S Investigation Group
5. Fukien Agricultural Coll. Investigation Group
6. Fukien Coll, of Chinese Medicine Investigation Group
(10 August 1966 ff: (1)-(6) demanded arrest of
Wang Yu-keng, Yeh Fei's wife)
7. Foochow Workers Revy Rebel Jt. Hqs. - - - - - - - - - 9-20
8. Fukien Provincial Gov't Depts. Jt. Rebel Hqs. - - - - 9-20
(both powerful during "January Revolution")
9. Fukien Front RG Hqs. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11,1? 7,8
-10. Fukien Provincial Revy Ctte TTOMTT RGs - - - - - - - 11,12 7,8
11. East China Sea Front RGs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 9,10 798
12. Foochow Workers Scarlet Guards ('hih-wei tui) 9,10 7,8
13. Fukien Daily Revy Staff & Workers Reb'Un t - - - - 7,8
14. Foochow Liaison Station of Peking RG 3rd Hqs. - - - 7,8
15. 9 September Combat Corps of Foochow-area Poop &
L-M Peasants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
16. 23 November Revy Rebel Hqs . - - - - - - - - - - - -
17. Southward-bound Revy Rebel Liaison Ctte - - - - - -
18. New Peking Univ Foochow Liaison Station - - - - - -
19. Red Rebels - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
20. Peking Geology "East-is-Red" Fukien Liaison Station-
21. 29 August GHQ (Overseas Chinese)
22. Red dpmbat Corps
23. Red Corps (hung-se ping-tuan)
(anti-Yeh ei
24. Red Flag
25. Maoist. Revy Rebels
Amoy
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
26. Promotion Union (ko-lien) (aka Red Rebels)
(Supnnvtad by Amnv Mavnr Rr. aarri cnn t dr) - - - - 77 _ 7R
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Amoy (cont.)
28.
29 August Amoy Workers Revy Rebel Hqs. - - - - - - - 26
29.
New Amoy Commune
30.
New Amoy Un i v Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
(Includes Chimei group)
31.
New Amoy Univ Revy Alliance - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Includes Chimei group)
30
32.
Overseas Chinese Remedial School Revy Alliance - - - 33
33.
New Chimei Overseas Chinese Remedial School
Commune (Under New Amoy Univ. Commune) - - - - - -
32
34.
Big Commune
Mid-March 1968: after several months of intense fighting,
comparative calm was restored. RGA between "thirty
organizations belonging to the two major factions"
reportedly to be realized "sometime in April or May."
Changting
35. Tingchou Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36
36. Tingchou Revy Alliance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35
37. Overseas Chinese Univ 29 August Faction
38. Red Rebel Faction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43
39. Red Star
40. United Combat Union
41. 18 August Chuancbou Steel Revy Union
(formerly Chuanchou Red Revy Union)
42. Lao Yeh Faction
43. LaoITT' Faction (Old District Rebels) - - - - - - - 38
Min-Ching
44.
29 August - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
45
45.
Revy Rebel Assn (ko-tsao hui) - - - - - - - - - - -
44
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Fuching
46.
29 August - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47
47.
Red Star - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46
Shihshih
48.
29 August
(claims PLA support)
49.
Red Rebels
50.
RevyUnion ---------------- - - --
- 51
51.
Promotion Union - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50
Lienchiang
52. Rebels (students) ----------------- 53
53. Red Combat Team (students) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
1. Han Lien-tsung (Defense Jt. Gen. Command) - - - - - - 2 3-6 25X1
2. Harbin Bombardiers -hung - - - - - - - - - - - -
(includes Harbin MiI Lary Engineering
Institute, No. 1 Machinery Plant and
Normal Coll)
3. New Dawn (hsin shu-kuang) - - - - -
4. Kung-chien-fa (Public Security,Procuratorate - - - - 1
& Courts personnel)
5. Red Jt. Gen Command (hung lien-tsung)
(in Harbin and Chihsi)
6. Harbin Industrial Institute "New Aurora" Red
Rebel Corps (mentioned favorably on Harbin
Radio 13 August 1967) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
7. Chihsi TTOMTT RG 3rd Hqs. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
(denounced in early May 1967)
8. Taching RG 3rd Hqs . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
9. Harbin Workers Red Rebel GHQ - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
10. Harbin Univs & Coils. Red Rebel Corps Rebel-
to-the-end Hqs . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
11. Harbin No. 1 Machinery Plant Red Rebel Corps - - - - 2
12. New Peking Univ Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
13. Harbin Industrial Institute Red Revy itebels - -- - - - 2
(denounced in early February 1967)
14. Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red Rebel Corps
(Maintained liaison stations in Shanghai & Canton.
Had competing factions. Criticized by Chou En-
lai in January 1968 for "bourgeois oscillation"
and going soft)
15. Taching Industrial Workers Revy Rebel Hqs.
(est. 14 July 1967)
16. Tsitsihar 9 February Commune
17. Chiamussu 25 August Red Revy Rebel Corps
18. Harbin Univs & Colls RG Congress Prep Ctte
(est 4 August 1967; still in prep status as of
February 1968)
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Heilungkiang Province (cont.)
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
19. Harbin M-Ss RG Congress
(est 4 August 1967)
20. North East Petroleum Institute Red Revy Rebel Corps
(outlawed February 1967)
21. Scarlet Guards
(proclaimed "royalist," February 1967)
22. 8 August Corps
("royalist", February 1967)
23. Combat Preparations Army (chan-pei chum)
("c-revy", February 1967)
24. Red Flag Army
("c-revy", February 1967)
25. Glory Restoration Army (jung-fu chun)
("c-revy", February 1967)
26. 6811 Faction
("c-revy", 28 January 1968)
-9-
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HONAN PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
1. 7 February Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-15 *(See Below)
2. 24 August (Kaifeng Normal Coil) - - - - - - - .- - - 7-1E
3. Chengchow Univ Revy United Ctte - - - - - - - - - - 7-15
4. 18 August (Hsinhsiang Normal Coll) - - - - - - - - - 7-15
5. 16 August (Loyang) ----------------- 7-15
6. Honan Red Farmers GHQ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7-15
(Groups (1)-(6) pro-Liu Chien-hsun)
25X1 7. levy Rebel GHQ of Organs of the Honan Provincial
Party Ctte (anti Liu Chien-hsun) - - - - - - - - - 1-6
8. Chengchow U;iiv RG Combat Corps
(defunct, July 1967) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-6
9. Chengchow Workers Scarlet Guards (aka "Old
Conservatives") - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-6
10. Chengchow No. 3 Cotton Mill "East-is-Red" - - - - - 1-6
11. Chengchow United Action (lien-tung) (aka "Iron
Army") (M-S students; pro- Ho-Vu-n-hung, a Political
Commissar, Honan Military District) - - - - - - - - 1-6
12. Chengchow Engineering Institute Chemistry Dept - - - 1-6
13. Chengchow Public Security Commune - - - - - - - - - 1-6
14. 20 April (Hsinhsiang) --------------- 1-6
15. 23 April (Hs inks sang) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-6
* Outside Supporters of (l)--(6):
Peking Geology "East-is-Red" Liaison Station
Peking Agricultural Machinery Institute "East-is-Red"
Tsinghua Chingkangshan
Peking Post & Telecommunications Institute "East-is-Red"
Peking Aviation Red Flag
New Peking Univ Commune
Nankai Univ 18 August Red Rebel Regiment (Tientsin:
Honan sub-group)
_1n_
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Outside Supporters of (1) - (6) (con't):
Lhasa Rebel Hqs. (LRH) (Tibet)
Peking RG Congress Chengchow Liaison Station
Peking RG Congress Loyang Liaison Station
16 September (Peking, 7th Ministry of Machine-Building)
(Unidentified) Szechwan revy rebels in Honan
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
25 July 1967: 7 February Commune and its allies confirmed by
Peking as the true revy faction.
29 December 1967: Honan Daly editorial noted that Revy Rebel
GHQ has erred ("petty bourgeois factionalism") since February 1967,
but that they are nevertheless "veteran rebels" who must be
"treated correctly."
13 January 1968: 7 February Commune, 24 August, and Revy Rebel
GHQ agreed on RGA.
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
Opponents Supporters
1. Nankai Univ. 18 August Red Rebel Regiment - - - - - - 2
2. Tientsin Physical Education Coll. RGs - - - - - - - - 1
3. Paoting Public Security Bureau - - - - - - - - - - - 4,5
4. Hopei Agricultural Univ. Red Rebel Regiment - - - - - 3
5. Paoting Colls & M-S RG Congress - - - - - - - - - - - 3
6. Tientsin Great Alliance Prep. Group (ta-lien chou)
7. Tientsin Seize-Power Prep. Group
8. Tientsin Mines Proletarian Revy Rebel Hqs - - - - - -
9. Tientsin Health System Proletarian Revy Rebel Hqs - -
4 September 1967: New Peking Univ. Commune supported the Shihchiachuang
Proletarian Revy Liaison Command Post.
18 February 1968: Shihchiachuang RG Congress in session and praised
by Radio Peking for diligent labor and frugality.
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HUNAN PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
1. Changsha Institutes of Higher Learning Red
Political Power Defense Army Gen Command
Post (usually identified as kao-szu, i.e.
Higher Hqs) - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 8,16-21
2. Hunan Finance & Trade Institute Army-to-
Defend-the Red-Regime CHQ
3. Workers' Red Militia Detachment GHQ
4. Hunan Finance & Trade Institute Locig March
Fighting Battalion
5. Prol Revy Rebel Detachment
(Groups (1) through (5) anti-Chang Ping-hua
and Chang Po-shen)
6. Changsha Railway Coll RGs
7. Changsha Workers Alliance
8. Hsiang River Thunderstorm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,28 19
(Provincial Revy Ctte Prep Group praised groups
(7) & (8) on 5 & 18 September 1967)
9. Changsh2 Poor & L-M Peasants Alliance
10. Hunan Chingkangshan - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26,28 23
11. Changsha "Attack-with-Reason, Defend-with-Force"
12. Hunan Provincial Party Ctte "Always-Facing-
East" Prol Revys
13. Red Flag Army
14. New Hunan Univ Commune
15. Chairman Mao's Truth Army
(Hunan Univ; anti-Chang Po-shen) - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16-21
16. 19 August Rebel Regiment of Hsiang River Printing
Factory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,15
17. Hsiang River Guerrillas - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,15
18. Hsiang River Red Seal Soldiers - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,15
19. Youth Guard Army _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,15 8
20. TTOMTT RGs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,15
21. "East-is-Red" GHQ - - - 1,15
22. TTOMTT Revy Workers Rebel Army GHQ - - _ _ _ _ _ 23
23. Boxers (i-ho tuan) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22,26 10
24. "Pursue-Ihe-Tiering-Foe" Faction
25. RG United Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
26. Federation of Trade Unions Revy Rebels - - - - - - - 10,23,25
_7Q_
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Hunan Province (cont.)
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
27. "East-is-Red" GHQ of RGs of Mao's Principles - - - - - 28
(withdrew from sheng-wu lien 11 January 1968;
praised as revy)
28. Hunan Prol Revolutionaries Great Alliance
Ctte (sheng-wu lien) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,10, 27
(an ultra-leftist group that split off from and
attacked Hsiang River Thunderstorm. Declared
to be reactionary by Chou En-lai in late 1967,
but welgomed to come to Peking to study if errors
were corrected and opposition to the CCP Central
Ctte and the Provincial Revy Ctte Prep Group
ceased. Kang Sheng and Chou En-lai roundly
condemned the organization as "c-revy" 24 January
1968)
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
pre-15 August 1967: New Peking Univ. Commune supported kao-su and
opposed Hsiang River Thunderstorm on the basis of recommendations
made by the New Peking Univ Investigation Team in Changsha.
15 August 1967: Investigation Team made a self-criticism and announced
support for Hsiang River Thunderstorm (statement of 4 September 1967)
21 February 1968: above groups (7) through (10)and eight others
not identified formed RGA
1A_
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Chronological Development of Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups:
2 September 1966: Peking RGs from Peking Univ, People's Univ, and Peking Normal
Coll arrived in Wuhan and demanded Chang Ti-hsueh's dismissal. They opposed
Wuhan 1st Hqs which was soon disbanded.
18 January 1967: pro-Shanghai Revy Rebels Power-seizure Alliance formed.
Listing of Groups: (18 January alliance)
1. TTOMTT Wuhan Workers Gen Hqs (aka Steel Workers GHQ)
2. TTOMTT Wuhan Workers Rebel Hqs (aka Steel Workers 13 September)
(21 March 1967, Wuhan Military Region ordered the above two
organizations to disband, but on 4 June 1967, the Military
Region reinstated these as legitimate revy groups.)
3. TTOMTT Wuhan Peasants Revy Rebel Hqs
4. TTOMTT January Revy Rebel Hqs.
5. Chairman Mao's Line Red Flag Commune
6. TTOMTT Red Revy Death-Defiers Rebel Field Corps
7. TTOMTT 7 February Rebel Troops Wuhan Revy Workers Hqs
8. TTOMTT River War-kers' Hqs
9. TTOMTT Rebel Troops Wuhan Workers' 3rd Hqs
10. TTOMTT Worker-Peasant Red Army Wuhan Revy Rebel Hqs
11. TTOMTT Red Army Revy Rebel Hqs
12. Provincial Communications System Hqs of the Red Rebel Corps-
to-Defend-TTOMTT
13. TTOMTT Wuhan Finance & Trade Staff Workers' Revy Rebel Hqs
14. Mao Tse-tung's Red Army Wuhan Red Laborers' Revy Line Federation
15. TTOMTT Red Worker-Soldier Revy Rebel Hqs
16. TTOMTT Wuhan Municipal Banking System Red Rebel GHQ
17. Wuhan Municipal CCP Ctte Revy Rebel GHQ
18. TTOMTT RG Wuhan Revy Rebel Hqs
19. Wuhan RG 3rd Hqs
20. M-S Rebel Hqs of Wuhan RG 3rd Hqs
21. TTOMTT RG Red Rebel Hqs
22. Red Gugust Rebel Hqs of TTOMTT RG
23. TTOMTT RG Rers1 Rebel Hqs (aka hsin-hua-kung)
24. Hupeh Sports Assn. Revy Rebel Hqs of TTOMTT Red Athlete Troops
25. New Wuhan Univ Provisional Revy Rebel Ctte
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Hupei Province (cont.)
26. Wuhan Literature & Art Circles Liaison Hqs of TTOMTT Revy Rebels
27. Wuhan M-Ss Revy Rebel Hqs of TTOMTT School Workers
28. Wuhan Univs & Colls TTOMI'T Revy Rebel Corps
29. TTOMTT Red Soldiers Revy Rebel Hqs of Wuhan Public Health System
30. Wuhan Revy Rebel Hqs of TTOMTT Red School Workers
31. Wuhan TTOMTT Revy Rebel Hqs.
32. Red Overseas Chinese Troops cf Wuhan Overseas Chinese Revy Rebel Hqs
33. Peking South-Bound Revy Rebel Squad
34. Peking Geology "East-is-Red" Wuhan Liaison Center
35. Peking Aviation Red Flag Wuhan Liaison Center
36. Sian Military Communications Engineering Institute Provincial
Cultural Revolution Prep Ctte Wuhan Liaison Center
37. Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red Rebel Corps Wuhan Liaison
Center
38. Peking Chemical Industry Institute "East-is-Red" Wuhan Liaison Center
39. 31 August TTOMTT Revy Rebel Corps of Hupei branch of NCNA
40. Hupei-Wuhan TTOMTT Journalist-fighters Revy Rebel Hqs
41. Wuhan Revenue Depts TTOMTT Red Rebel Corps Revy Rebel Hqs.
(The above groups (1) through (41) were opponents of the Wuhan Revy Staff and
Workers' Federation which later became the Red Armed Soldiers, hung-wu ping,
a member of Million Heroes)
Wuhan Incident & Opposing Groups:
42. Million Heroes
(est May 1967; full name: Wuhan Prol Revy Liaison Center of TTOMTT
Million Heroes)
Members: Red Armed Soldiers (workers)
Three-word Soldiers (san-tzu ping) (M-S students and children
of senior cadres, mostly igig r1s)
Wuhan 3rd Hqs of "East-is-Red" Guards (aka K'ang 3rd Hqs,
Wuhan Univ)
Wuhan Kung-chien-fa (Public Security, Procuratorate and Courts)
Urumchi stora Zavalry 1ptudents)
Independent Division
24 June 1967: Million Heroes declared to be "conservative" by Central CRG and
PLA CRG. Reiterated 17-20 July by Hsieh Fu-chih and Wang Li in Wuhan. Million
Heroes declared to be "c-revy" after Wv"ar Incident.
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Hupei Province (cont.)
Opposing the Million Heroes:
43. Three Steels (largest Wuhan group)
Members: Steel Workers' GHQ (largest sub-group)
Steel Second Hqs (mainly students)
Steel Workers' 13 September
44. Three News (second largest group)
Members: Hsin-hua-kung (Central China Engineering Institute TTOMTT RG
Reif Re-UeT--Hqs)
Hsin-hu-ta (New Hupei Univ Red August; aka Hupei Univ Provisional
Cultural-Revolution Ctte)
Hsin-hua-nung (New Central China Agricultural Institute "East-
is Recce. ' )
45. Provincial RG Hqs (Government office workers)
46. Higher Cadres Revy Union (kao-k3n ko-lien)
47. Wuhan Municipal Ctte-to-Serve-t-Ee DoT
48. Yangtze River Transport Regularization Office (chang-pan lien-szu)
49. Revy Jt. Ctte
50. Tough-bone Revy Alliance of 3rd Hqs (aka Red 3rd Hqs Revy Rebel Liaison
Center; members withdrew from Wuhan 3rd Hqs of "East-is-Red" RGs)
51. RG Revy Alliance (M-S students who withdrew from Three-word Soldiers)
Outside Allies of Groups Opposing the Million Heroes ((43) through (51)):
Peking Aviation Red Flag
Peking Geology "East-is-Red"
Peking Tsinghua Chingkangshan
Tsinghai 18 August
East Canton Rebel Corps (nfi)
Tibet Lhasa Revy Hqs (LRH)
Tibet Great Alliance Hqs (GAH)
New Peking Univ Commune
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Hupei Province (cont)
CHRONOLOGY (cont.)
21 September 1967: Wuhan Revy Jt Ctte of Revy Rebel Hqs of Univs, Colls and
M-Ss est.
October 1967: New Wuhan Gen Command Hqs est with the following members:
Steel Workers' GHQ
Steel Workers' 13 September
Three News
Provincial RG Hqs
Municipal Ctte-to-Serve-the-People
Higher Cadres Revy Union
15 January 1968: Wuhan area RG Congress of Univs ,nd M-Ss est.
ca. 25 January 1968: Wuhan area Workers' Congress est.
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INNER MONGOLIAN AUTONOMOUS REGION
Red Guard/Revoiuuionary Rebel Groups Opponents
1. Huhehot Red Flag Army _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4-19
2. Huhehot Workers' RG Army _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ 4-19
3. Huhehot Revy Righters (ko-ming chan-shih) - - 4-19
4. 3rd Hqs - - - - -
(ally of Peking 3rd Hqs; pro-LRH /Tibei7 and pro-18
August /Tsinghai7) - _ _ - _ _ - - - 1-3
5. Red Gen Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-3
6. "East-is-Red" Revy Rebel Commune (workers) - - - 1-3
7. Inner Mongolian Engineering Institute Chingkangshan - 1-3
8. I.M. Normal College Chingkangshan - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ 1-3
9. I.M. Normal College "East-is-Red" Combat Column - - - 1-3
10. Huhehot-bound Militant Team of the Ha Workers-
Soldier Red Rebel Corps - - - _ - _ _ - - - _ _ 1-3
11. I.M. Post and Telegraph School Mao Tse-tung RGs - - - 1-3
12. I.M. Entertainers' and Artists' Rebel Corps - - - - _ 3-3
13. I.M. Branch of Shanghai No. 2 Army Medical Coll
Red Rebels - - _ - _ _ _ _ - 1-3
14. I.M. Branch of National Post and Telegraph Systems
Revy Rebel GHQ --- __ - - _ 1-3
15. Revy Rebel GHQ --- _ - _ - -_ 1-3
16. I.M. Medical Coll Revy Rebels - - - _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - 1-3
17. I.M. Industrial Institute Revy Rebels - - - _ _ _ _ _ 1-3
18. I.M. Agricultural Institute Revy Rebels - - - - _ _ - 1-3
19. Huhehot Railway Bureau Locomotive Revy Rebel GHQ - - 1-3
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
late January 1967: Inner Mongolian Military Region declared 3rd Hqs and
allies "c-revy".
13 April 1967: CC Directive on I.M. question ordered reinstatement of
3rd Hqs and allies. All RG and revy rebel groups which "bridge units
and enterprises should be disbanded."
ca. 7 August 1967: Huhehot Univs, Colls, and M-Ss Revy Rebel Hqs est.;
(aka Huhehot RG Congress and/or Huhehot 3rd Hqs (hu-san-szu)
Members included: 3rd Hqs, I.M. Industrial Institute Revy Rebels and
I.M. Agricultural Institute Revy Rebels.
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30 September 1967: Huhehot Workers' Congress est. Membership included "over
150 groups."
Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (cont.)
Chronology (cont.)
4 September 1967: New Peking Univ Commune supported the 3rd Hqs.
9 October 1967: Five congresses in Huhehot realized RGA: workers, peasants,
H Gs, revy workers, and government employees.
26 March 1968: New 18 March Fighting Team of the former Huhehot Party Ctte's
Finance and Trade Political Dept first noted; this group pro-I.M. Revy Ctte.
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RA.Nbu YNUV 1NUE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Lanchow
1. Red Alliance (hung-lien)
Early May 1967, Red Alliance split into contending
factions:
Destruction Faction
Courage Faction
Workers' Jt Ctte
Red Long March Regiment
Locomotive Corps
Red Hqs of (Lanchow?) Iron & Steel Institute
1 August Hqs
Red Eagles of Lanchow Medical Coll
Red Hqs of Lanchow Univ
3 September Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2-5
`2. Revy Alliance (ko-lien) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
3. 7 June of Lanchow Univ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
4. RGRebel Hgsof PLAPlant 7223----------- 1
5. Red Hqs of Lanchow Municipal CCP Ctte - - - - - - - - 1
6. Kansu Red Rebel 3rd GHQ (est late August 1967;
most important group) ---------------- 8
Member groups:
Red Long March Regiment
"Red-Hearts-Face-the-Sun" Battle Troops of the
Revy Rebel Squadron of the Tsunyi Commune
Lanchow Univ Red Flag Regiment
3 September Hqs
Lanchow Medical Coll Red Eagles United Battle
Regiment
Lanchow Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutions
3rd Hqs
of
Provincial Offices
3rd Hqs
of
Municipal Offices
3rd Hqs
of
Univs & Colls
3rd Hqs
of
Primary Schools
3rd Hqs
of
Industry and Communications
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Lanchow (con't)
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Outside Allies of Kansu Red Rebel 3rd GHQ:
Tsinghai 18 August
Peking RG Congress
Peking Aviation Red Flag
Tsinghua Chingkangshan
26 August of Szechwan Univ
7. Kansu Red Rebel Liaison Ctte (hung-lien)
(conducted self-criticism for past errors in
opposing 3rd Hqs. Restored to favor. This
group may be PLA. A 9 September 1967 Kansu
Provincial Service broadcast referred to the
Rebel Liaison Ctte of Lanchow Military Region
Units)
8. Lanchow "GPCR" Workers' Jt Battle Hqs - - - - - - - 6
Liuyuan
9.
18th Hqs (branch of Tibet-LRH) - - - - - - - - - - - 11-14
10.
Sinkiang Red 2nd I}qs Branch - - - - - - - - - - - - 11-14
11.
Revy United Corps
(branch
of Tibet GAB) ---------------
9-10
12.
Railway
"East-is-Red" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9-10
13.
Sinkiang
RG August Field Army - - - - - - - - - - -
9-10
14.
Revy Alliance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9-10
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KIANGSI PROVINCE
Chronologica. Development of Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups:
late January 1967: "Power seizure" groups (partial listing):
1. Kiangsi Provincial Party Ctte Revy Rebel Corps
Chungkangshan RG Hqs of the Kiangsi YCL School
3. Chingkangshan RG Hqs of the Kiangsi Teachers Coll
4. Chingkangshan RG Hqs of the Kiangsi Medical Institute
5. Chingkangshan RG Hqs of the Nanchang (lit. "Red Capital") Machinery Plant
25X1 6. Hqs of Kiangsi Univs and Colls' Revy Teachers and Students
7. RG Hqs of Kiangsi Univs and M-Ss
8. RG Hqs of Kiangsi Communism Labor Univ
9. TTOMTT RG Hqs of the Yangtze Navigation School
10. Peking 3rd Hqs Kiangsi Liaison Station
11. Peking Politics and Law RG Squadron
12. Peking RG No. 12 Battle Corps
13. Red Rebel Regiment of the Central Academy of Drama
14. Kangta Battle Corps of Amoy University
15. Harbin Industrial Univ
16. Sian Military Communications Engineering Institute
17. Harbin Military Engineering Coil Red Rebel Corps
18. New Peking Univ Battle Corps
19. Peking Aviation Red Flag Nanchang Liaison Station
(apparently, the "revy left" organizations were not challenged
seriously after January of 1967)
Following are Groups which Opposed Groups (1) through (19):
20. 1 August Battle Corps (Kiangsi Univ?)
21. Peasant Scarlet Guards
22. "East-is-Red" Revy Rebel Corps
23. Nanchang Workers Scarlet Guards
24. Nanchang Demobilized and Retired Soldiers Combat Corps
mid-February 1967: several of the above-named organizations,incl the Chingkangshan
from the YCL School and the Medical Institute, defended the "power seizure" of
the previous month and criticized -inidentified "ultra-leftists" who demanded a
reorganization of the "revolutionary left".
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Kiangsi Provihce Ccont.)
Chronological Development (cont.)
late August 1967: various Chingkangshan RG Hqs continued to be the major organiza-
tions sanctioned by Kiangsi civil and military authorities, Also, many had the
support of the New Peking Univ Commune (statements of 8 April and 4 Sept 1967)
and Tibet LRH (December 1967).
September 1967: Kiangsi Great Alliance Prep Group noted. It, too, was supported
by the New Peking Univ Commune and Tibet LRH.
1 October 1967: participants in Nanchang National Day Parade included "a 2;000-
strong Chingkangshan force with guns in their hands."
January 1968: RG Hqs of Kiangsi Univs and M-Ss held first political work
conference.
20 March 1968: "ultra-leftist" group, the "Completely Red" (wan-shan hung-pien)
of Kiangsi Medical Institute, condemned for underground "spTittist" activities,
and for opposing the RG Hqs of Kiangsi Universities and M-Ss. "Completely
Red" not previously noted.
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KIANGSU PROVINCE ?
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Nanking
1.
2
Kiangsu 26 January ("power seizure" group) - - - - - - 6
2
3
5
.
Chingkangshan Rebel Corps of the Nanking
,
,
Engineering Institute - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
3.
Kiangsu Provincial Red Rebel Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - 4
1
4.
Workers Scarlet Guards
(Fierce fighting broke out in August 1967 between
(3) and (4) followed by unsuccessful negotiations
in Peking. Renewed violence occurred in December
1967--- - - - - - - 3
6
5.
Kiangsu Provincial Workers' Red Rebel Hqs.
("corrupted by economism"; later reformed
under the same name) ----------------
1
6.
27 August of Nanking Univ
(
l
"
7
''
c
aimed
power seizure" was ineffectual) - - - - - - 1
East
i
R
d
4,7
.
-
s-
e
(nfi) ----------------- 1
6
(CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
early February 1968: competing factions form Workers' RGA Jt Ctte.
10 March 1968: Nanking workers' and RG organizations invited Lhasa
GAH to send representatives to celebrate the forthcoming establish-
ment of the Provincial Revy Ctte.
23 March 1968: Kiangsu Provincial Revy Ctte and Nanking Municipal
Revy Ctte est. The Workers' RGA Jt. Ctte pledged support.
Soochow
8. Revy Faction (ko-pai) ---------------- 9
9. Support Fact ion c ih-pai)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
(Fierce fighting broke out between (8) and (9) in
August 1967)
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
10. 26 June Regiment of Wu-hsi Long March Univ
11. 5 July Rebel Regiment of Wu-hsi No. 2 M-S
(Both (10) and (11) supported by the New
Peking Univ Commune as indicated in a
statement of 13 May 1967)
Opponents
Supporters
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
Opponents Supporters
i.
Changchun RG 2nd Hqs - - - - - - -? - - - - - - - - - - 4
2.
RG Revy Ctte
3.
East Wind Militant Corps of the Industry and
Communications Department of the Kirin Party
Ctte
4.
"Royalist ruffians" (including a "small group
of
splittists from 2nd Headquarters." - - - - - - - - - 1
mid-August 1967: revy rebels of Kirin Provincial Federation of Trade
Unions effected RGA.
25 August 1967: Changchun Army-people unity rally attended by:
Changchun RG 2nd Hqs
(supported by New Peking Univ Commune and by (Tibet) LRH)
RG Revy Ctte
Changchun People's Commune
(supported by LRH)
"East-is-Red" People's Commune
(All declared to be revy mass organization. Any differences among
them were "nonantagcnistic contradictions stemming from a common
interest.")
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Chronological Development of Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups:
26 August 1966: Peking Railroad Institute RGs arrived in Kweilin to attack
"local Party authorities." They allied with RGs from Kwangsi Teachers'
Coll and opposed "local workers and peasants."
mid-January 1967: the following groups hailed the "power seizure" in
Shanghai, condemned "economism," and vowed to "seize power" in Kwangsi:
1. Nanning Workers' Revy Rebel Hqs
2. Nanning Worker-Peasant RG Hqs
3. Kwangsi RG Hqs
4. Nanning Revy Rebel GHQ
5. Revy Rebel Staff of the Kwangsi Daily
6. Kweilin City Workers' RG GHQ
7. Nanning 31 August RGs of TTOMTT
8. Kweilin Teachers' Coll RG Hqs
9. Nanning RGs of TTOMTT Fiery Flame King Kong (sic) Battle Corps
10. Kweilin Coll and M-S Autumn Harvest Uprising Team
11. Wuhan No. 2 and No. 3 Revy Rebel Hqs Liaison Station
12. Peking 3rd Hqs "Southward-bound" Army
13. Revy Rebel Corps of the Kwangsi Medical Coll
14. Linchou Revy Rebel RG Liaison Station
15. Kweilin "Nanning-bound" 1 August RG Revy Rebel Corps
16. Nanning Revy Rebel Liaison Station
17. Nanning 22 April Rebel Army
Following groups active end 1967-early 1968:
18. Proletarian RG GHQ
19. "Defend-the-East" Corps of the Agricultural Front
20. Red Guard Liaison Dept
21. Political Propaganda Dept of the Wuchow-Municipal United Ctte
(Groups (18) through (21) opposed Wuchow 22 April Rebel Army & Central-
South Chingkangshan)
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Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region (cont.)
Chronological Development (cont.)
4 September 1967: New Peking Univ Commune announced support for Nanning
22 April, Nanning 31 August RGs and their allies in Kweilin.
mid-January 1968: 22 April Workers' GHQ scheduled first congress. They
invited Tibet LRH to attend.
17 February 1968: contending factions in Wuchow concluded a seven-point
agreement.
25 March 1968: Nanning Municipal RG Congress opened.
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KWANGTUNG PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups (partial listing):
Red Flag - aka Workers' Revy Alliance (kung-ko-lien) since Fall 1967.
(anti-H,iang Yung-sheng and East Wind)
Major components:
1. Chungshan Univ Red Flag
(including 31 August Red Flag)
2. Chung Hua Red Flag
25X1 (students from South China Engineering Institute)
3. Canton Medical Coll Red Flag
(Groups (1) through (3) collectively known as the "Three Red Flags."
Early September 1966, these groups, especially Chung Hua, opposed
Peking RG domination of Canton Cultural Revolution activity)
4. 1 August Combat Corps
(comprised of soldiers, workers and M-S students)
5. Young Intellectuals-to-the-Countryside Rebel Hqs
(urban youths who had returned from rural areas during the GPCR)
6. Canton Combat Corps
(M-S students)
7. Red Hqs
(M-S teachers)
8. Red Flag of Provincial Governmental Organs
(lower-ranking cadres)
9. Canton Railway Workers' Hqs
10. Canton 3rd Hqs
(physical education students)
11. Red Flag Poor and L-M Peasants
(relatively small)
12. Red Flag of Canton Municipal Governmental Organs
(lower-ranking cadres)
13. Seamen's GHQ
14. Public Security Red Flag Revy Rebel Hqs
15. Central-South Forestry College Red Flag
16. New 1st Hqs
(M-S students)
17. Eastern Red Flag (aka Red Orient?)
(M-S students. Possibly a rebel faction within the
Soldiers of Mao's Principles)
18. Huanan Agricultural Institute Red Flag
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Kwangtung Province (cont.)
Major components /Red Flag? (cont.)
19. Literature and Arts Red Flag
20. Communications and Transport Red Flag
21. Anti-Spring Thunder
22. Pearl River "East-is-Red"
(movie studio workers)
23. New Ground Command
(split with ti-tsung)
24. 16 May Red Flag
(mentioned in a leaflet describing an incident at the Canton
Experimental School on 1 August 1967)
25. South China Teachers' Coll Iced Flag
26. Finance & Trade Red Flag
Outside Allies of Red Flag:
1. Hunan Hsiang River Thunderstorm
2. Honan 7 February Commune
3. Wuhan Three Steels
4. Tibet LRH
5. Peking Aviation Red Flag
6. Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red Rebel Corps
7. Tsinghua Chingkangshan
8. New Peking Univ Commune
East Wind - aka Workers' Revy Association (kung-ko-hui) since Fall 1967.
Red Flag)
Major components:
1. Ground Command (ti-tsung: local GHQ)
(predominantly adult factory workers, together with some demobilized
soldiers and a few students from Chungshan and other univs)
2. Red GHQ (hung-tsung)
(factory workers mainly drawn from smaller factories and work
shops, plus some students)
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Kwangtung Province (cont.)
Major components /East Wind? (cont.)
3.
Canton Suburbs Poor and L-M Peasants United Command
4.
Soldiers of Mao's Principles (chu-i ping: Doctrine Guards)
(M-S students, many of whom are chin of Party and
military officials who had been attacked by Red Flag factions.
One SMP leader reported to be the son of Huang Yung-sheng.
Apparently, SMP was once a part of the United Action Ctte.)
5.
Red 1st Hqs
(physical education students)
6.
United Hqs of Provincial Governmental Organs
(ranking municipal and provincial cadres)
7.
Spring Thunder
(railway workers)
8.
Five Lakes/Four Seasons (aka Support the Farmers Youth?)
(urban young men who had returned from rural areas)
9.
Women's Army Defense Corps
(urban young women who had returned from rural areas)
10.
Million Brave Lions
(adult workers from Wuhan. Name of this group is similar to
Million Heroes, pai-wan hsiung-shih, only the final character
the
has been changedT-
11.
Public Security 25 January
12.
Chung Hua Revy Rebel Ctte
(students from South China Engineering Institute)
13.
Pearl River Combat Soldiers Regiment
14.
13 August (nfi)
2. Red Garrison Hqs
Factions of Uncertain Alignment:
1. Red Sea Party
(fishermen, probably Red Flag?)
3. True Reason Party
(unaffiliated
~--
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Kwangtung Province (cont.)
Factions of Uncertain Alignment (cont.):
4. New Workers' Alliance Friendship Association
(unaffiliated, but attacked by Red Flag. This group was set up
in September 1967 by Military Control Commission to hasten return of
weapons)
5. TTOMTT Little RGs
(primary school students)
6. Rambler Faction (hsiao-yao pai)
(unaffiliated; stayed out of armed clashes)
25X1 7. Counter-Persecution Combat Team
(cadres)
8. Autumn Harvest Revolution Combat Team (cadres)
9. Canton Refiners
(steelworkers)
10. Chingkangshan
(farmers)
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
1. Kweichow TTOMTT 18 August Corps
(backed by Provincial Revy Ctte. Professed
Opponents
to take Tsinghai 18 August as exemplar) - - - --- - - - 15-20
2. Kweichow Revy Rebel GHQ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15-20
3. Kweichow TTOMTT Political-Legal Troops GHQ - - - - - 15-20
4. Kweichow Cotton Textile Mill 1 March Combat Corps - - 15-20
5. Public Security 13 January Combat Corps - - - - - - - 15-20
6. United Front Revy Rebel Liaison Station - - - - - - - 15-20
25X1 7. KweichowUniv RGs ------------------ 15-20
8. Kweiyang Normal Coll RGs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15-20
9. Kweiyang No. 1 M-S RGs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15-20
10. 6 June Combat Corps of the Kweiyang RG Congress - - - 15-20
11. Kweiyang People's Motor Vehicle Co. 1 August
Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15-20
12. Kweichow Industrial Engineering Institute 15
September Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15-20
13. Kweichow RG Congress
(16Colls and M-Ss) ----------------- 15-20
14. Kweichow Medical Coll 7 March - - - - - - - - - - - - 15-20
(Groups (1) through (14) anti-Chia Chi-yun and
pro-Kweichow Military District)
15. Kweichow Industrial Engineering Institute 11 April
(oppoF:--d Kweichow Military District officials) - - - - 1-14
16. Kweichow Red Star Tractor Plant 11 April - - - - - - - 1-14
17. Kwei yang M-Ss 11 April - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-14
18. Kweiyang Steel Works 11 April - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-14
19. Kweiyang People's Motor Vehicle Co. 11 April - - - - - 1-14
20. Kweiyang Peking Opera Troupe 11 April
(August-September 1967: various 11 April groups
disbanded) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-14
21. Invincible Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22
22. Norman Bethune Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21
31 August 1967: Kweichow Workers' Revy Rebel Hqs est; supported by New
Peking Univ commune (4 September 1967)
-34-
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LIAONING PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups in Liaoning: Opponents
Shenyang (Mukden) Agricultural Coll RG
Shenyang Engineering Institute RG
Shenyang Medical Coll RG
Liaoning Coll of Traditional Medicine RG
Shenyang RG GHQ of Univs and M-Ss
unidentified Peking RGs
unidentified Harbin Is
unidentified Changchun RGs
25X1 mid-September 1966: the above groups attended an oath-
taking ceremony in Shenyang.
1. Liaoning Revy Rebel Great Alliance Ctte (liao-lien)
(est 16 February 1967; reorganized April 1967;
pro- Sung Jen-chiung) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,3
Member groups:
TTOMTT RG Shenyang GHQ (students)
TTOMTT RG Shenyang Tough-bone Rebel Gen
Regiment (workers)
TTOMTT Workers' Revy Rebel Army
Liming Company Revy Rebel Regiment
(workers)
Provincial Party Ctte Revy Rebel Liaison Hqs
Shenyang Municipal People's Council Red
Rebel Regiment
Northeast Bureau /Party? Organs Red Revy Rebel
Regiment
Provincial People's Council and Shenyang
Municipal Party C'tte Revy Coordination Hqs
Outside supporters:
(Hunan) Hsiang River Thunderstorm
(Hunan) 7 February Commune
Wuhan Steel 2nd Hqs
Kiangsi Great Alliance Prep Group
Chengtu Workers' Revy Rebel Corps
Szechwan Univ 26 August
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
Liaoning Revy Rebel Great Alliance
Outside supporters (cont.):
Tientsin Univ 13 August
Shanghai Chiaotung "Rebel-to-the-End"
Peking Geology "East-is-Red"
Tsinghua Chingkangshan 414 (14 April)
Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red
Rebel Corps
(Tibet) LRH
2. TTOMTT 31 August Revy Rebel GHQ
(est 30 January 1967; reorganized 5 June
1967; anti-Sung Jen-chiung) - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,3
Member groups:
Liaoning Univ 31 August (split with Shenyang
RG GHQ)
1 August Rebel Column (workers)
31 August Workers' United Hqs
31 August of the Provincial People's Council
(cadres)
Ctte (cont.)
Outside supporters:
Tsinghua Chingkangshan
Peking Aviation Red Flag
Harbin Industrial Institute Great Red Rebel Corps
Changchun People's Commune
New Peking Univ Commune
3. Liaoning Prol Revy Liaison Station
(est 19 May 1967; anti-SLng Jen-chiung) - - - - - - - 1,2
Member groups:
North East Engineering Institute Red Flag
Rebel Regiment
Liaoning Univ RG
Liaoning Normal Coll
Red Workers
1 August RG Army (workers)
Public Security Front
Education RGs (cadres)
Provincial Party Ctte Red Hqs
-36-
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Liaoning Province (cont.)
29 July 1967: Chen Chao-kun, "political officer" of the PLA in Shenyang
-37-
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NINGHSIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION
Chronological Development of Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups:
Ninghsia Prol Revolutionaries Gen Command
(noted in August and October 1967; supported by PLA)
mid-October 1967: the "three organizations" (unnamed) of the Yinchuan
Woolen Textile Mill effected a great alliance.
mid-October 1967: the "eleven organizations" (unnamed) of the Yinchuan
Tractor Spare Parts Plant split by "small-group mentality and mountain-
top-ism."
early February 1968: reference made to unnamed AG groups in Yinchuan,
Shihtsushan, Wuchung and Chingtunghsia.
early February 1968: the "various factions" of the Shihtsushan No. 1
Coal Mine effected a great alliance.
early February 1968: the "two factions" of the Ninghsia Construction
Company effected a great alliance.
late February 1968: Yinchuan Workers-Peasants Congress noted.
- 4R-
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Major Peking Red Guard Groups (by institution)
1. Peking Aviation Institute (apparently closest to Mao and Lin Piao)
23 December 1966: nine groups merged and formed the Peking
Aviation Revy Rebel Ctte:
1. Red Flag
2. "East-is-Red"
3. Red Worker-Soldiers
4. Red Teacher-Workers
25X1 5. Discharged Soldiers RGs
6. TTOMTT RGs
7. 18 August RGs
8. RG Rebel Corps
9. Red Army Successors
(The above nine groups opposed by Peking Aviation 1 August
Corps and Peking Aviation TTOMTT Scarlet Guards)
Outside Allies:
Chengtu RG
Wuhan Workers TTOMTT RGs
1 August of East China Engineering Institute
II. Tsinghua University
1. Chingkangshan Combat Corps
(led by Kuai Ta-f u, Deputy Head of the Peking RG Congress
and member of the Peking Municipal Revy Ctteys Standing Ctte)
2. Chingkangshan 14 April
(this group opposed the Combat Corp (1); anti-Kuai Ta-f u)
III. (New) Peking Univ RGs (hsin Pei-ta)
(New Peking Uziv Commune IecbyMadame Nich Yuan-tzu, Instructor of
Philosophy at Peita and member of the Peking Municipal Revy Ctte's
Standing Ctte. It was long praised as the exemplar for ot,;er RGs.
This group opposed by Peking Geological Institute "East-is-Red"
-nd by New Peking Univ Chingkangshan)
Peking Geological Institute "East-is-Red"
(ally of Peking Aviation Red Flag)
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Peking (cont.)
V.
People's Univ (jen-ta)
1.
Jen-ta Commune
2.
Jen-ta Three Red Flags
This group opposed (1), Jen-ta Commune)
VI.
Peking Normal Coll
1. East-is-Red
2. Chingkangshan
25 August 1966: RG Control Squads or Investigation Teams (chiu-cha tui) first
noted. They were apparently divided into three sections in Pelting: East
City, West City, and Institutes of Higher Learning. Leading members were
children of ranking officials.
September 1966: the appearance of three RG Hqs:
1st Hqs - full name: Capital Univs and Colls RG 1st Hqs
(soon active in Shanghai and Kweichow; little influence after
early November 1966)
2nd Hqs - full name: 2nd Hqs Revy Rebel Liaison Station
(strongest during early November 1966; backed by a faction of
Peking Geology "East-is-Red"; opposed by Peking Aviation Red Flag)
3rd Hqs - full name: Capital RG Third Hqs
(emerged as the most powerful organization, with Peking Univ,
Tsinghua and Peking Aviation among its members; active in Shanghai
during December 1966-Jani'ary 1967)
1 October 1966: RG Control Squads reportedly disbanded; certain activities
continued, however, under the title of United Action Ctte (lien-tung), a
nation-wide RG organization.
23 December 1966: Chou En-lai demanded Peking RG consolidation at a meeting
of 1st, 2nd and 3rd Hqs.
17 January 1967: Madame Mao spoke to meetings of 1st, 2nd and 3rd Hqs,
apparently to attempt consolidation.
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Peking (cont.)
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS (cont.):
18 January 1967: Peking "power seizure" groups noted (partial listing).
1. Peking Aviation Red Flag
2. Tsinghua Univ Chingkangshan Combat Corps
3. Peking Univ (nfi)
4. Peking Geological Institute "East-is-Red"
5. First Ministry of Machine Building Revy Rebel Liaison Ctte
6. Peking Technicians and Workers Revy Rebel Hqs
7. Peking Technicians and Workers Red Rebel Gen Liaison Station
(The above groups formed the "Grasp Revolution, Stimulate Spring
Cultivation Firing Line Command Post." This Command Post was
supported by the Central CRG, Hsieh Fu-chih, etc.)
22 February 1967: The three RG Hqs dissolved. Member groups were incorporated
into the Capital Univs and Colls RG Congress.
February 1967: United Action Ctte outlawed; 139 members arrested.
22 April 1967: Imprisoned United Action Ctte members released and pardoned
on Mao's order; the organization was still outlawed.
Groups Affiliated with the Outlawed May 16 Corps
1. New Peking Univ 16 May Commune
2. Peking Broadcasting Institute Peking Commune 16 May Combat Corps
3. Peking Commerce Institute "Fighting a Decisive Battle" Group
4. Peking Commerce Institute 16 May
5. Peking Foreign Languages Institute No. 2 Capital RGs
6. Peking Foreign Languages Institute 16 June
7. unidentified Shenyang group
8. Peking Commerce Institute Red Rebel Army
9. Peking Iron and Steel Institute Yenan Commune
10. Changsha No. 1 M-S
11. Peking Agricultural Institute 16 May
12. (some members of) Peking Normal Coll Chingkangshan
13. Peking Iron and Steel Institute 16 May
14. Tsinghua 14 April
15. Ministry of Foreigi. Affairs Revy Rebel Liaison Station (possible affiliate)
16. (some students at) Harbin Heilungkiang Univ
17. 4th Hqs of the Academy of Sciences' Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences
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Peking (cont.)
Capital Universities and Colleges Red Guard Congress:
eking Forestry institute "East-is-Red"
2. Peking Post & Telecommunications Institute "East-is-Red"
3. Peking Industrial Institute "East-is-Red"
4. Peking Agricultural Institute "East-is-ited"
5. Central Finance Institute 8 August Combat Corps
6. Peking Normal Coll Chingkangshan
7. Peking Geological Institute "East-is-Red"
8. Peking Agricultural Machinery Institute "East-is-Red"
9. Peking Normal Coll "East-is-Red"
10. Central Nationalities Institute "East-is-Red"
11. Hopeh-Peking Normal Coll "East-is-Red"
12. Peking Second Medical Coll "East-is-Red"
13. Peking Economics Institute "East-is-Red"
14. Peking Industrial Institute "East-is-Red"
15. Peking Chemical Fibres Institute "East-is-Red"
16. Peking Electric Power Design and Planning Institute "East-is-Red"
17. Peking Foreign Trade Institute New "East-is-Red"
18. Peking Mechanical Engineering Institute "East-is-Red"
19. Peking Miring Institute "East-is-Red" "Rebel-to-the-End" RGs
20. Peking Cinema Institute "East-is-Red" TTOMTT Commune
21. Peking Political Science and Law Institute Commune
22. Peking Medical Coll 18 August RG Hqs
23. Peking Medical Coll Red Flag Commune
24. Peking Economics Institute Red Flag Commune
25. People's Univ Commune
26. Peking Light Industrial Institute 29 July Corps
27. Peking Architectural Engineering 1 August Combat Corps
28. Peking Petroleum Institute Taching Commune
29. Peking Foreign Language Institute Red Flag Rebel Corps
30. Peking Commerce Institute Red Rebel Army
31. Peking Chemical Engineering Institute Red Flag Commune
32. Peking Physical Education Institute TTOMTT RGs
33. Peking Foreign Languages Technical School Red Combat Corps
34. Peking Foreign Languages Technical School Revy Rebel Army
35. Commercial Administration Technical Institute Revy Corps (15
April Combat Corps)
36. China Dance Institute Red Flag Corps
37. Peking Agricultural Labor Univ "East-is-Red" Commune 15 April
Combat Corps
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Peking (cont.)
Capital Univs and Colls RG Congress (cont.)
JU. Central Fine its Institute Prairie Fire Combat Corps
39. Peking Medical Coll Red Flag Combat Corps
40. Central Music Institute TTOMTT Combat Corps
41. Peking Meteorological Technical Institute TTOMTT Combat Corps
42. Peking Broadcasting Institute 16 May Combat Corps
43. Peking Mechanical Engineering Institute Red Flag
44. Central Drama Institute TTOMTT Combat Corvc
45. Returned Students Tsunyi Corps
46. Linguistics Institute "East-is-Red"
47. Peking Chemical Engineering Institute "East-is-Red"
48. Peking Foreign Languages Institute No. 2 Capital RGs
49. Peking Broadcasting Institute "East-is-Red"
50. Peking Railroad Institute Chingkangshan
51. Peking Iron & Steel Institute Yenan Commune
52. Peking Foreign Trade Institute "East-is-Red" Anti-Revisionism Corps
53. New Peking Univ "East-is-Red" Commune
54. New Peking Univ 16 May Commune
55. New Peking Univ Chingkangshan
56. New Peking Univ Red Flag Flying
57. Peking Medical Coll Long March
58. Peking Foreign Languages Institute "East-is-Red"
59. Peking Machine Tool Institute Red Flag
60. Peking Aviation Red Flag
61. People's Univ Three Red Flags
62. Chinese Academy of Sciences RG GHQ
63. Peking Institute of Science and Technology "East-is-Red"
64. Peking Light Industrial Institute Red Eagles
65. Peking Machine-Building Institute "East-is-Red"
66. Peking Opera Institute Red Flag
67. Peking Chemical Fibres Institute Red Flag
68. Peking International Relations Institute TTOMTT RG
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
1. Shanghai RG Hqs
(est August 1966 and supported by the Shanghai
Municipal Ctte. Last noted in late October
1966 when accused of being a "Protect the
Emperor Party" that defended Tsao Ti-chiu.)
2. Shanghai Univs and Colls RG Revy Ctte
(est in October 1966 and based at Futan Univ)
3. Shanghai RG Revy Rebel Ctte
25X1 (est in late November 1966; said to accept
the authority of Chiang Ching) - - - - - - - - - - - 4-13
4. Shanghai Workers' Revy Rebel GHQ
(first mentioned in posters in October 1966;
praised in Peking NCNA dispatch broadcast
29 August 1967) ------------------ 3
5. Shanghai Revy Rebel RG Army
(est in October 1966; ex-servicemen) - - - - - - - - .14
6. Shanghai Publishers' Revy Rebel Hqs
(est in October 1966) --------------- 3
7. Red Workers' Rebel Hqs
(est in October 1966; casual workers) - - - - - - - 3
8. Shanghai Literature and Art Circles Revy Rebel Hqs - 9 3
9. Shanghai Literature and Art Circles Proletarian
Revy Hqs
(inactive after November 1966) - - - - - - - - - - - 8 3
10. Chingkangshan Army - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ?- - 3
11. Long March Army -------------- - - - - - 3
12. TsunyiArmy ----------------- - - - - 3
(Groups (10) through (12) members not m.litary personnel)
13. Shanghai Farm Workers' Revy Rebel Hqs - - - - - - - - 3
14. Scarlet Workers Guards
("personal tool" of Chen Pi-hsien and Tsao Ti-chiu)
15. Joint Hqs of the Shanghai Diesel Engine Works (lien-szu)
(Groups (14) and (15) both dissolved as "conservative" by
the Shanghai Municipal Revy Ctte)
16. Shanghai Physical Culture Hqs
(This group and other unidentified organizations approved
by the Shanghai Municipal Revy Ctte; see Wen-hui pao,
27 December 1967.)
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Shanghai (cont.)
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents Supporters
17. Long March Corps of Liberation Publishing
House
18. Revy Rebel Hqs of Shanghai People's Publishing
House
19. Revy Rebel Corps of Shanghai Cultural
Publishing House
(Groups (17) through (19) approved by the
Municipal Revy Ctte on 14 March 1968)
20. Revy Rebel Corps of Shanghai Writers Assn.
21. Revy Rebel Corps of Shanghai Drama Academy
22. United Command of Shanghai Publishing Dept
(Groups (20) through (22) approved by the Municipal
Revy Ctte on 16 March 1968)
Following were "Power-seizure groups" (9 January 1967):
1.
Shanghai Workers' Revy Rebel GHQ
2.
Shanghai Workers' Returned-from-the-North
Second Corps
(anti-Keng Chin-chang)
3.
Shanghai Univs and Colls RG Revy Ctte
4.
Shanghai Revy Rebel RG Army
5.
Shanghai Municipal Party Ctte Organs Revy Rebel Liaison
Station
6.
Shanghai Journalist Revy Rebels
7.
Shanghai
Sports Front Revy Rebels
8.
Shanghai
Medical Circles Revy Rebels
9.
Shanghai
Pharmaceutical Workers Revy Rebels
10.
Shanghai
Paper Mill Workers Revy Rebels
11.
Shanghai
Apprentice Workers Revy Rebels
12.
Shanghai
Revy Apprentices Rebel Army Third Column
13.
Shanghai
Publishers Revy Rebel Hqs
14.
Shanghai
Primary School Teachers Revy Rebel GHQ
15.
Shanghai
Workers' Rebel Alliance
16.
Shanghai
RG Revy Rebel Ctte
17.
Shanghai
"Bombard-the-Hqs" Alliance
18.
Shanghai
Univ and Colls Scarlet Guard Army (chih-wei
chun) Revy Ctte
? r
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Shanghai (cont.)
"Power-seizure groups" (cont.)
Northeast Regional Command of TTOMTT RGs
20. Shanghai "Rebel-to-the-End" General Liaison Hqs
21. Shanghai Workers' Anting Corps
22. Shanghai Workers' Returned-from-the-North Third Corps
23. Huangpu District Command of the Nationalities Rebel Hqs
24. Tungchi Univ TTOMTT RGs "East-is-Red" GHQ
25. Shanghai First Medical Coll Revy Rebel Alliance Hqs
26. Shanghai Chiaotung Univ Revy Rebel Command
27. Shanghai-Chiaotung Univ "Rebel-to-the-End" Corps
28. Capital 3rd Hqs Shanghai Liaison Station
29. Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red Rebel
Corp Shanghai Liaison Station
30. Sian Military Telecommunications Engineering Institute
Provisional Cultural Revolutionary Ctte Shanghai
Liaison Station
31. Peking Aviation Red Flag Shanghai Liaison Station
32. Tsinghua Chingkangshan Shanghai Liaison Station
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
17 February 1967: Shanghai Public Security Bureau declared the following
two groups to be c-revy: Red Flag Army Shanghai GHQ and Red Flag
Army First Column Shanghai GHQ. Members of these groups were workers,
peasants and disabled, rehabilitated, demobilized and discharged
servicemen.
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Shanghai (cont.)
Chronology of Events (cont.;
mid-September 1967: Shanghai revy workers organizations realized RGA.
Also in mid-September, Shanghai univs and colls realized RGA.
(Chiaotung, Futan and Shanghai Normal were cited by name.
17 November 1967: Shanghai Univs and Colls RG Congress est.
25X1 30 December 1967: Shanghai M-Ss RG Congress est.
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Fed Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups:
hansi Revy Rebel GHQ
(est 14 January 1967)
Member groups:
Shansi IFevy Workers
Shansi Worker-Peasant Jt Alliance Revy Rebel GHQ
Shansi Red Rebel Liaison Station's Taiyuan Workers' Forever
Red Combat Detachment
Peihang Po-huo Corps (Peking Aviation Spread-Fire C::rps?)
Shansi s Sports Circles TTOMTT RG Corps
Taiyuan Primary School Teachers Revy Rebel Liaison GHQ
Shansi Revy Rebel Corps
Shansi Red Rebel Alliance
Shansi Red Rebel Liaison Station's "Seize-the-Beast"
(pu lieh) Brigade
PeTnung-chi All-Conquering Column
Shan DaU Revy Rebel Army
Dauntless Combat Column of the Shansi Provincial Ctte
Organs of the YCL
Shansi Revy Workers Field Corps
Shansi Medical & Health Revy Rebel GHQ
Shansi Revy Cadres Rebel Corps
Peking Revy Rebel Brigade in Shansi
Shansi East Wind Revy Rebel Co ?ps
Taiyuan Municipal Party Ctte Organs Red Flag Combat Team
Taiyuan Revy Rebel Hqs
Capital-Bound Revy Rebel Army (unclear whether reference
is to Taiyuan or Peking)
Shansi Anti-Revisionist Corps
Shansi Red Revy Rebel Corps
Shansi Peasants' Revy Rebel Corps
Shansi Yenan Literature and Art Corps
Taiyuan Fourth Liberation Army
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Shansi Province (cont.;
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
1 August 1967: Peking Normal Coll Chingkangshan supported Provincial Revy
Ctte and Shansi Revy Rebel Corps; apparently attacked the "Seize-the-
Beast" Brigade as "ultra-leftist" for attacking Liu Ho-ping.
30 August 1967: Taiyuan Revy Rebel Hqs praised in Shansi Provincial
Service broadcast.
4 September 1967: Shansi Provincial Revy Ctte supported by New Peking
Univ Commune.
9 December 1967: (Tibet) LRH supported Shansi Provincial Revy Ctte and
Taiyuan Revy Rebel Hqs.
25X1
An
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SHANTUNG PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups:
Tsingtao "Power-seizure groups" (22 January 1967):
1. Tsingtao "East-is-Red"
2. Tsingtao Light Industry Branch, National Revy Rebel RG Liaison GHQ
3. Tsingtao Chemical Industry Revy Workers Liaison GHQ
4. Tsingtao 1 August Revy Rebels
5. Railway Ministry's Szu-fang Rollingstock Plant Worker-Student Hqs
6. Shantung Provincial Revy Workers GHQ Tsingtao Liaison Station
(Declared c-revy on 3 February 1967 by Provincial Revy Ctte)
7. Shantung Animal Products Industry Red Rebel Liaison GHQ
8. Tsingtao Municipal Food Bureau TTOMTT Combat Team
9. Tsingtao Revy Worker-Peasant Rebel Army Liaison GHQ
10. Tsingtao Post and Telecommunications Bureau "East-is-Red" Combat Corps
11. Tsingtao "East-is-Red" Laoshan Commune's Tsunyi Commune
12. Tsingtao Univs and M-Ss RG Liaison GHQ
13. Tsingtao Medical Coll "East-is-Red" Commune
14. Shantung Oceanographic Institute Chungnanhai Corps
15. Shantung Chemical Institute Revy Rebels
16. Tsingtao No. 1 Commerce Institute Revy Rebels
17. Tsingtao Aviation Institute Revy Rebels
18. Tsingtao Literary and Art Circles Revy Rebel Liaison Hqs
19. Tsingtao Public Security Bureau Revy Rebel Liaison Hqs
20. Tsingtao Revy Cadres Rebel Liaison GHQ
21. Tsingtao Revy Rebel Corps of Students: from Other Areas
22. TTGMTT RG Anti-Revisionist Combat Corps of Lu Hsun Univ
(formerly Shantung Univ)
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
2 May:1967: Shantung Univs, Colls and M-Ss RG Congress est. Representatives
from unidentified RG organizations in Peking, Shansi and Heilungkiang attended.
Members included Shantung Teachers Coll, Engineering Institute, Medical Coil,
Finance and Economics Institute, Chinese Medical Coll and East China Mining
Institute.
-50-
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Shantung Province (cont.)
Chronology of Events (cont.)
5 August 1967: mass rally in Tsinan attended by:
Shantung Provincial Revy Workers Rebel Gen Command
Shantung Provincial RG GHQ
Shantung Literature and Art Circles Revy Rebel RGs
Shantung Poor and L-M Peasants Revy Rebel GHQ
(These four organizations, together with the Shantung Univs, Coils, and M-Ss
RG Congress, remained active and in good favor as of mid-March 1968.)
14 August 1967: above-named organizations, together with the Shantung Univs,
Coils and M-Ss RG Congress, sent messages of congratulations to Tsinghai
Provincial Revy Ctte and Tsinghai 18 August.
23 August 1967: Tsinan PLA and Provincial Revy Ctte reaffirmed ban on
Shantung Provincial Revy Workers GHQ.
24 August 1967: Shantung Engineering Institiute Chingkangshan praised by Tsinan
PLA.
27 August 1967: United Association (lien-ho hui) condemned by Provincial
Revy Ctte.
29 August 1967: Provincial Revy Ctte condemned a "bad handful" from the
Lu Hsun Univ Revy Ctte for attempting to suppress TTOMTT RG and the
Red 3 February (nf i) .
G7
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents
Sian
-1. Northwest Posts and Telecommunication (P&T)
InstituteRevyRebels --------------- ? 2
2. P&T Institute Red Long March Corps
(absolished 11 January 1967; succeeded by the
Red Long March 2nd Corps. Also operated as the
Red Literature and Art Rebel Corps and the Red
Flag Combat Corps) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
3. Hsienyang Tibet Nationalities Institute Red
Rebel Corps
(pro-Tibet LRH) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4
4. Hsienyang Tibet Nationalities Institute Serfs
Halberd RGs
(pro-Tibet GAH) - - - - - - - - - - - -? - - - - - - - 3
6 October 1967: a "Safeguard Mao Tse-tung and Lin Piao Corps" noted
in Sian.
3 November 1967: Yulin Five Greats (Red Industry?) noted in conflict
with Red 2nd GHQ. Five Greats were assisted by LRH. (Neither
of the Yulin organizations noted previously, although a Red
2nd GHQ has been noted in Urumchi).
24 January 1968: Shensi Univs:and Colls RG Congress est (congratulations
were extended by the Central CRG)
26 February 1968: Sian M-Ss RG Congress est. (Reported membership of
140,000 RGs).
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SINKIANG UIGHUR AUTONOMOUS REGION
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
Opponents
Urumchi
I.
2.
3.
4.
Red 2nd Hqs (aka Sinkiang RG Revy Rebel Hqs)- - - -
(Urumchi Univ & M-S students)
Sinkiang Revy Workers Rebel GHQ - - - - - - - - - -
(workers and cadres)
Outside supporters of groups (1) & (2):
New Peking Univ Commune
Peking RG Congress
(Honan) 7 February Commune
(Tsinghai) 18 August
(Huhehot) 3rd Hqs
(Wuhan) Three Steels
(Wuhan) Three News
(Hunan) Hsiang River Thunderstorm
Shanghai Workers Revy Rebel GHQ
(Tibet) LRH
Corps Agricultural Rebels - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Sinkiang Military Region Production-Construction
Corps Agricultural Institute Revy Rebel Hqs)
Sinkiang 15 September Revy Rebel Liaison Station - -
(est by former members of "conservative" groups
such as: Red Revy Jt Ctte, Red Promotion Assn,
Red 3rd Hqs and Tienshan Commune)
6-16
6-16
6-16
6-16
5.
Sinkiang Geology Institute "East-is-Red" - - - -- - -
(Groups (1) through (5) anti-Wang En-mao and
supported by Tso Chi and Wu Kuang)
6-16
6.
Workers Allied Command- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(supported by SinkiEag Military Region)
1-5
7.
Sinkiang RG Revy Rebel 1st Hqs - - - - - - - - - - -
(anti- Wu Kuang)
1-5
8.
Red Promotion Assn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1-5
9.
Worker-Peasant Revy Ctte - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(successor to the Defense Regiment)
1-5
10.
August Field (pa-yeh) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1-5
(Sinkiang Military kegion Production-Construction
Corps 1 August Field Army)
11. August Field Jt Gen Command (lien-tsung) - - - - - - 1-5
(possibly railway workers)
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents
Urumchi (cont.)
12. Sinkiang United Action Ctte - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-5
(1 August M.-S Red Rebel Hqs)
13. 7th Field Army - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-5
14. Red 3rd Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-5
15. Tienshan Commune
(workers from the Tienshan Dyeiig and Weaving
Plant?)
16. Red Revy Jt Ctte - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-5
Ili
T T Red 2nd Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21-22
18. Workers Rebel Assn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21-22
19. Red Rebel Assn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21-22
20. Red Artillery - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21-22
21. August Field - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17-20
22. 4th Field Army - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17-20
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
2 September 1966: Peking RGs attacked Wang En-mao and invaded Party Ctte
Hqs. These RGs were from Tsinghua, International Relations Institute,
People's Univ, Peking Univ, Peking Machinery Institute, and two M-Ss.
Peking RGs were opposed by local RGs from Sinkiang Univ, Sinkiang
Engineering Institute, Sinkiang 1 August (pa-i) Agricultural Institute,
Sinkiang Medical Institute, Sinkiang Government and Law Cadre School
and 5.1nkiang Rural Socialist Construction School.
27 Oc'.ober 1966: Sinkiang RG Revy Rebel Hqs est by Sinkiang Party Ctte.
December 1966-March 1967: Chou En-lai received Red 2nd Hqs representatives
on nine occasions and declared Red 2nd Hqs to be a revy organization.
1 October 1967: the twd main factions held separate National Day celebra-
tions. Saifudin attended one; Kuo Peng, the other.
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Sinkiang (cont.)
Chronology of Events (cont.):
27 January 196--: the two factions of Sinkiang railway workers effected a RGA.
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SZECHWAN PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups O
onents
pp
Chungking
ro Workers Revy Rebel Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
2. 26 August Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
(Szechwan Univ)
3. 15 September Combat Corps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11-12
(Chungking Communications Institute)
4. 31 August - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
(SW Normal College)
5. 21 September -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
(Municipal Finance and Trade Bureau)
6. 26 August hang-feng hsi-shu - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
-
11-12
(lit., "ProjectiV ZT
i
he Wj t Office"?)
7. 26 August Chingkangshan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
(members are non-Szechwanese: ch'uan-wai.)
8. Fierce Tiger Army - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - -
11-12
9. Chungking M-S RG Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
10. Rebel-to-the-End Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11-12
(mostly ufiv students)
11. 15 August Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1-10
(Chungking Univ)
12. Chungking Revy Rebel GHQ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1-10
(Groups (11) & (12) claimed to :lave PLA support.)
Outside Supporters of Groups (1)-(10):
Ti king Aviation Red ag
Tsinghua Chingkangshan
Peking 3rd Hqs
New Peking Univ Commune
Peking Geology "East-is-Red"
(Tsinghai) 18 August
(Honan) 7 February Commune
(Tibet) LRH
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l3-. .
14.
15.
16.
17.
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups Opponents
Chengtu
orkers Revy Rebel Hq., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
20-23
26 August Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Szechwan Univ)
20-23
"East-is-Red" Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Szechwan Univ)
20-23
Red Prisoners (hung chiu-tu) - - - - - - - - - - - -
20-23
(revy cadres)
Chengtu Iron 27-------------------
20-23
(7 February?)
25X1 18. Red Chengtu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20-2S
19. Chengtu Poor and L-M Peasants - - - - - - - - - - - 20-23
20. 1 August Red Alliance Industrial Array - - - - - - - - 13-19
21. Defense Brigade (han-wei tui) - - - - - - - - - - - - 13-19
22. United Action (lien-tung) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13-19
23. Chengtu Revy Rebel Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13-19
Outside Supporters of Groups (13)-(19):
New Peking Univ Commune
Peking Geology "East-is-Red"
Tsinghua Chingkangshan
Peking Institute of Science and Technology
"East-is-Red"
Peking Medical College 18 August
Peking Industrial Institute "East-is-Red"
People's Univ "Three Red Flags"
Peking Light industrial Institute Red Eagles
Peking Machine-Building Institute "East-is-Red"
Peking Petroleum Institute Taching Commune
Peking Opera Institute Red Flag
Peking Post and Telecommunications Institute
"East-is-Red"
Peking Normal Coll Chingkangshan
Peking Mining Institute "East-is-Red"
Peking Chemical Fibres Institute Red Flag
Peking Physical Education Institute TTOMTT RGs
Peking International Relations Institute TTOMTT RGs
Peking Foreign Languages Institute Red Flag Rebel Corps
Chinese Academy of Sciences RG GHQ
Shanghai Chiaotung Univ Rebel-to-the-End Corps
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Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
Outside bupporters of Groups
(13-1.9)
(cont.):
Shanghai Tungchi Univ
Red" GHQ
TT RGs
East-is
Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red
Rebel Corps
(Tibet) LRH
(Tsinghai) 18 August
(Homan) 7 February Commune
Ipin and Neichiang
24. e ag om at Corps
25. Vanguard (aka Main Force)
Outside Supporters of Groups (24) and (25)
New Peking Univ Commune
Shanghai Tungchi Univ TTOMTT RGs "East-
-Red" GHQ
Opponents
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LRH (Lhasa Revy Rebel Hqs) est 22 December 1966 "with the support and encourage-
ment" if the Prairie Fire Combat Corps (this latter group established in
early November by Peking RGs from Peking Aviation Red Flag, Tsinghua
Chingkangshan, and Peking Geology ''last-is-Red").
Headquarters (identified):
1st Lhasa
2nd Lhasa (workers)
3rd Linchih
5th Yulin (Shensi)
6th Changtu
7th Tsetang
8th Golmo (Tsinghai)
11th Lhasa
13th Lhasa (cement plant)
14th Tingching (or Tungmai)
16th Nachu
17th Pomi (aka Chamu)
18th Liuyuan (Kansu)
19th Anto
20th Tienchuar (Sze-hwan)
Liaison Stations
Peking
Chengtu
Huhehot
Lanchow
Sian
Sining
Urumchi
Supporters (partial listing):
Peking Aviation Red Flag
New Peking Univ Chingkangshan
Tsinghua Chingkangshan
Peking Geology "East-is-Red"
Peking 3rd Hqs Liaison Station
Harbin Military Engineering Institute Red Rebel Corps
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Supporters (cont.)
Tsinghai 18 August
Sinkiang Red 2nd Hqs
Sinkiang Geology Institute "East-is-Red"
Peking Univs-and Colls RG Congress
Peking M-Ss RG Congress
(Szechwan) 26 August
Huhehot 3rd Hqs
Hsienyang (Shensi) Tibet Nationalities Institute Red Rebel Corps
Lhasa Revy Pebel Commune
Tibet RG Revy Rebel Hqs
"Special Smash the Local Emperor" Liaison Ctte (Lhasa and Changtu)
Peking Normal Coll Chingkangshan
Changchun (Kirin) People's Commune
(Honan) 7 February Commune
(Hunan) Hsiang River Thunderstorm
Chengtu Workers Revy Rebel Hqs
(Kwangsi) 22 April
(Anhwei) Bombardiers
(Canton) Red Flag
Shanghai Workers Revy Rebel GHQ
(Shanghai) Chiaotung Univ "Rebel-to-the-End" Corps
25X1
GAH (Great Alliance GHQ of Prol Revy Rebels) est in February 1967 after Tibet
Military Region Command imposed martial law. GAH formerly known as Defense
Hqs (Lhasa Combat GHQ to Defend TTOMTT, est 28 December 1966).
Headquarters (identified):
1st Lhasa
5th Shigatse
6th Namulin
8th Tunhuang (Kansu)
(unnumbered)
All
Changtu
Liuyuan (Kansu)
Nachu
Pomi (aka rhamn)
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GAH (cont.)
Liaison Stations:
Peking
Chengtu
Sining
Urumchi
Supporters (partial listing):
Tibet Revy Workers Rebel GHQ
Tibet Party Ctte Revy Rebel Corps
New Peking Univ Commune (?)
Hsienyang (Shensi) Tibet Nationalities Institute
Serfs Halberd RG (Tsunyi Commune)
Kansu Revy Alliance
(Fukien) 29 August GHQ (?)
Sinkiang RG August Field Army
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
9 February 1967: LRH outlawed.
7 April 1967: LRH reinstated.
mid-July 1967: Tibet Military Region Party Ctte declared LRH and GAH both
revy mass organizations.
18 September 1967: CC reiterated mid-July statement and called on the two
organizations to unite. However, intense fighting between the two factions
continued into February 1968.
24 January 1968: enlarged meeting of Tibet Military Region Party Ctte convened
in Chengtu.
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Tibet (cont.)
Chronology of Events (cont.):
14 February 1968: military issued instructions concerning forthcoming Peking
conference to be attended by representatives of LRH, GAH, military units,
and revy leading cadres.
ca. 1 March 1968: Peking conference opened at Peking Aviation Institute.
13 March 1968: representatives of GAH and LRH signed first draft of hGA;
discussions continued. Lhasa groups (especially LRH) dissatisfied with
25X1 first draft ("capitulationist").
May 1968: renewed violence in Tibet between LRH and GAH. Evidence of dissension
within the LRH regarding continued defense of Chou Jen-shan.
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TSINGHAI PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Groups
-18AAugust. Combat orps-------------
2. Peking 3rd Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3. Peking Geology "East-is-Red" - - - - - - - - - - - -
4. New Peking Univ Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Groups (1) through (4): anti-Wang Chao and Chao
Yung-fu)
5. Defense Brigade (han-wei tui) - - - - - - - - - - -
6. Railroad Combat Corps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
7.
8.
9.
(18 August Liaison Stations noted in Golma,
Koerhmu and Lenghu)
Ts ingha i
RG GHQ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ts ingha i
3rd Hqs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tsinghai
"East-is-Red" Commune - - - - - - - - - - -
Opponents
Supporters
5-
2-4
5-9
1,3-4
5-9
1-2,4
5-9
1-3
1-4
6-9
1-4
5,7-9
1-4
5-6,8-9
1-4
5-7,9
1-4
5-S
23 February 1997: PLA Sining Garrison Hqs outlawed 18 August as "c-revy".
24 March 1967: 18 August reinstated as the "true revolutionaries." Tsinghai
RG GHQ described as "bourgeois-reactionary" and "conservative." 18 August
not challenged seriously since reinstatement.
June 1967 ff: 18 August praised by Liu Hsien-chuan et al.
12 August 1967: Tsinghai Provincial Revd' Ctte est. Three of the Committee's
Vice-Chairmen were identified as members of 18 August's Standing Ctte.
1 April 1968: Tsinghai Daily condemned Tsinghai "East-is-Red" Commune, Tsinghai
RG GHQ, and Ts nag ai-3rd Hqs as "conserva-~ive tools of the Wang Chao clique."
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YUNNAN PROVINCE
Red Guard/Revolutionary Rebel Grou
s
p
T
Opponents
Su
o
t
. 23 August roTRevol
tio
pp
r
ers
u
nar es -
2
23 A
2;1
.
ugust Chingkangshan RG - _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ - -
(K
14
4-9
1
2
13
unming Engineering Institute)
3. 23 August Combat Corps of the Kunming Agricultural
and Forestry Institute - - _ _ _ _ - _ _ -
4
TTOMTT Y
14
4-9
,
1
,
2
13
.
unnan Prol Revolutionaries - - - _ _ _ - -
5
S
th
14
,
1-3
,
.
ou
west TTOMTT Rebel Jt Liaison Station -
6
K
i
14
1-3
.
unm
ng Medical Coll TTOMTT RG Hqs - - - _ _ _ _ _ _
TTOM
7
14
1-3
.
TT Red Public Security Regiment - - - - - - _ -
8
14
1-3
. Yunnan Finance and 'Trade System Prol
Revolutionaries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9
A
k
14
1-3
.
wa
ened Corps (chiao-hsing)- - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14
1
3
(overseas Chinese
10. Yunnan Univ TTOMTT Bombardiers (aka Artillery
Corps) ----------------
11. Kunming Engineering Institute TTOM T Bombardiers
(aka Artillery Corps) - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12
T
i
14
-
10
.
s
nghua Chingkangshan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14
1-3
(arrived in Kunming 28 August 1966)
13. Peking 3rd Hqs - - _ - _ - _ _ _
14
(noted in Kunming 26 September 1966)
(Groups (1) through (13) anti-Yen Hung-yen and
Li Ching-chuan)
14. KunmingRGGHQ ---- ___-__ _____
(est by Yen Hung-yen on 21 September 1966)
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
8 January 1967: Yen Hung-yen reportedly suicide by poison.
1967: polarization of contending forces after Yen's suicide: 23 August vs.
Bombardiers. Armed clashes increased in severity after mid-July, peaking
in late December 1967-earl Januar 1968. Relative calm was restored in
late January 1968.
13 March 1968: Yunnan Univs and Colls RG Congress (prep group) est "with
great assistance from the PLA."
_Rd_
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Yunnan (cont.)
Chronology of Events (cont.):
14 March 1968: 3rd Kunming Mao-study conference in session. 23 August, TTOMTT
Yunnan Prol Revolutionaries, Kunming Railway Bureau Prol Revolutionaries,
and Kunming Finance and Trade System Prol Revolutionaries attended.
-65-
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