1. STATE OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL WORKS NO. 349 (GOMZ) , LENINGRAD 2. OTHER OPTICAL INSTITUTES AND FACTORIES, LENINGRAD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R012800150008-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: July 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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r;=
COUNTRY urns (e i
50X1-HUM
NFORMATION REPORT REPORT
CD NO.
DATE DISTR. :29 July 9,a2
SUBJECT' 1. ? S t a t e O tical an r t~ cal War to. 349 NO. OF PAGES. 17
(GONZ), Leningrad
2 Other Optical institutes and tact aq~ie:s Leni ad.
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
AND 794, OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVE-
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
CLASS I F I CAT I QN TSEOi( 1~
NAVY
^ AIR
DISTRIBUTION.
--Ii-------1
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BRO-Iffoll
.
S aerate sheet
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See sepaxate, s t s
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attac.t d
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: a m of a S 11x - . GQ ISP 22
Irk -Y:1~t;age a:rc ur1t. Da .2 GO. W.
, Voltage are wd t D.042 ?Gom.
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self fin4.ia ;' a :r ^, C01.1 fir , , . Mi of Bre , Z ,MdSt -
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PtgB 1'
atro Tubes
State Opti i and Mecbanica'1 Vary WO 3 ?9 1~ ) ~ t ni d.~ is.
the is a d rtment for the manufacture or ;spec=
4*partmleht. includes a r Larch section.
A certain mount o pro rk bae been doon the electric l . circui
multitli , tubes t it vao carried out by a Bu ian . Poftotbotky.
Multiplier t xbe design it
Goe i4ch in .Mosco . Dr. Paul G rUch,, weal.-l ao-n a* a
ky (moo
stfach :a)
Re_il"y"a
.9..w~?lArr~+ri.nri ~++yi.Wrr.iYW+r
An.sting.Se em modal has been cony l.derably. imprwMd. by a. .
pecialist Kurt HO2 a',nn. Difficulties V M get.. In VW, $cgU;L*It
j lvsn ter
V-t and. even bronze str
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en~Fai W t~ V y :was be en I. -'. Cr9 MP- 1 Wet ayr~scale into ] j tion
of ci tin < .1 .second.
. SF.MIET
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. .0.1S. s
.ign incorp catiaag .ens.
The ZeLB d igra yorking o sec B
Raefixdera
ch :k.
Specific details. and quantitieB are not ] aWn, but in general 6..8
bane. rangefinders, were madt f supply to whips ,and, 2J motor base
:hindex for antiaircraft equipffieut.
lay about the GOMZ Pact -. -The Special Construction ~iureeu . a
Zeiss, manufacture j, cagtmi l equi tent in iouB.stages ea!pletion
<
concerned in, the a t mbly ' periecopeo. About 200 periscopes
state optical am ..Meebaanical. Wowks- Nor. 349. (GCI ),v Tr nit adj
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el
! e State Optical . Mecha i.ea1 Works .No. 31i9 (Go) , Leningra&, is con..
cerned in the sup ly, of rangefinders. Specific details. and. quantities are
not k;, but in general 6-8 meter base rangefinders Ware made foxr supply
to .sh.ps and,..2- meter base rangefinders for antiaicraft' equipment
SEGRET~
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SCIMTIFIIC. (DER OF BATTLE
A. Establishments
State QJ ical Institute (GOT), Leningrad.
. Page 1.
Appendix
ere. is no.
.,close connection between GOI and Factory GON.FGO. GOI is, in.fact, a
separate institute engaged in.training of optical.designers and users
..of optical equipment. It is located on the Litovskaya Ulitsa, about
one mile from the GOINZ.
The :,captured Zeiss equipment which was in.this Institute yas .. not .completely
understood by the Russians and they often took advice. on how to set up and.
adjust instruments..
2A. State .ical and Mechanical. Works (GOMZ)
]Between 2,000 and. 3,0100 workers,were employed here,. about 60 percent of
them skilled., the. remainder unskilled. or administrative, supervisory,
party,and trade union. The factory is situatod,on.Chugunmaya Ulitsa,.
north-central area of Leningrad, about 2 km NNE :of the divergence,of
the rivers Neva. and. ..Nevka.
Direction.
,.Last Director-.n-Chief
.last: but-one Director-in-Chief
Chief Engineer
Commercial Director,
Personnel Director
Unknown
Semonov
Archipov
Potapov
Smirnotr (MVD.Colonel )
Heads of I p At
Aatro: Dobitshin
Measurements Titov and Shoshin.
Fine Measurement Delyanov
Cinema Unknown
Photo Unknown
Laboratories for Measurement and Shoshin
Fine. Measurement Departments:. Rudakov
Laboratories- Chemical> Metallographic, Muraweiski
Technological,,, Photographic,. Spectrographic, (Discharged about a year ago)
T porizing, Photo cells, etc
Deputy Saitzev
T+echni cal. Standax$ ;in GONG
The standardaa.;of.accuracy in GOMZ.were similar irk most respects. to
international standards .(that is, with regard to margins and material
specifications). However,. ,margins could..on occasion. be set to such
narrow limits that they became . ridiculous and were evidence of in
,sufficient.understanding:of the task in.hand.
Difficulties-wereexperienced in the production of platinum step.filters.
.The required accuracy could not be reached because.of the ignorance of
. EC P
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..7.. Page 2
the operators and lack of appreciation.of the mathematics of the subject.
The filters were also measured with unsuitable apparatus. Sventizki of
the State Optical Institute himself said that the Beckmann.spectral
photometers made in GO1VZ were not suitable for filter gauging,ae. the
spectrographic measurements gave quite different values.
In sensitometer standards, too, the demands made could not be.met,as the
photographic plates were exceptionally bad.
Among many other examples of misunderstanding
is one.of.a demand made on the Zeiss designer,. Weber,.. to: consider a
rangefinder weighing 200 kg; all details regarding accuracy, purpose,
ancillary equipment were immaterial; only the weight was important.
Acceptance of the finished products.was made by the OTK (Technical
Control Section). The inspectors were to check individual parts, not
for quality, but for availability. The specialist knowledge..of testing
methods, testing equipment, and tolerances was not.available.. Also it
appears that the recipients of scientific instruments are unable to decide
whether defects are optical, mechanical,.or electrical. Nevertheless,
many complaints were received (about 10. percent of the output). Probably
about half of these would not have.occurred if the recipient had been able
to recognize and correct small faults. The pressure of the monthly target
unavoidably led to careless work.
Products of Factory GOI
Cine projectors (amateur box camera type) (sic)
Large scale astronomical eViELent
Telescopes,. transit instruments,.re:flex telescopes. In-one case, the
mirrors, required had to be ordered.
Kaksutov, a Russian telescope designer, was often in the factory
supervising work being done to his design.
Precision 'Measuring Instruments .
Optimeters, ultra optimeters, interferometers, microscopes, universal
measuring machines; almost all were designed by Zeiss men.on.the lines
of Zeiss products. Dr. Kuhne was a leader in.the production.of optical
equipment.
Precision.Ball Bearings.
Mueller-Nuernberg designed,.and brought to the-.production-stage by
C. Buettner,, The tolerance reached an all working surfaces is
supposed to have been less than.1 ,w . Sensitometers for photo-
graphic emulsions.- details unknown.
Reflecting ,Galvanometers
The existing Soviet model has been considerably improved by the
German, Kurt Hohmann. Difficulties were found in.obtaining.non-
ferrous. copper wire and bronze strip. Sensitivity 1 5 x 10.-9
amps.. Scale interval l meter; duration:of oscillation < 1 second.
Spectralphotometer, Beckmann Type
Mechanically and electrically a bad copy of the original English
apparatus UVI-Spek-Hilger and the American Unican: The electrodes
for-the cells were particularly bad.
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SEMM,
ppen G
Page .3
Spectrogx a,ph E ui nt
uartz Spectr'o s.phd Model.ISP.22 (See Diagram 1 appended)
This.. has .medium dispersion (similar-to Zeiss _Z.24), . an aperture
ratio of about 1-25, a . collimator aluminum mirror T ~e 600 mm,
a double lens camera .objective F 800 mm .and a ,useful aperture of
3S mm, a alit adjustment of . 0.001 mm. and a.mm scale Hilger model
optical bench. The accessories. were simple spark tripod,.
spherical condensers F . 165,mm, cylindrical condenser. F' a 165 .aim.,
latterly Zeiss .3 ,condenoer system ,with achromatic condensers.
F .~* 75 , F 1. a0 mm, F : z 275 mm, and a 9-step platinum ,filter
en:quartz,, permeability 10,,- 100 percent.. There,were also in
preparation 3-step platinum filters 100-50-10 percent permeability.
The. - 3,ass S ect4ejE, a h . Model ISP.51
this is. a re-design;qf the Zeiss model developed .by. the German Leos
.at present still.. in Leningrad. It has t ". :tl ..intereha igemcb`1e
c a m e r a s. F * 12 cm (Raman 1 s 2.7 ), F e 27 c m F = 84. c m (.1.t 20 )
The accessories ,were a simple spark tripod, sometimes a man lamp,,.
a 9-step platinum ;filter on g1ae :,. various, condensers.
1_Littrow . Spectro
A model similar to.Hilger 'o. IN .478. -This was.the.original Zeiss
design QG.55. It had interchangeable quartz and pass lenses, fully
automatic adjustment by means : of a hand-wheel with ,a special. wave.
length drum for quartz and glass, a wave length scaleo symmetrical
precision slit (one dividing line = 0.001.mm). The objective "
F 160 mm ratio-of aperture about 1;:1+0. Accessories similar to
ISP.22.
P1 oared Satro,
1 Diffraction .Spectrograph .with piano grating.
Spectrum Projector - similar to. the Zeiss. model.
err ~ ~~
iaouhle Spectrum Projector. = original. Zeiss design.
Michc.t.on ter 2 Iter Zeiss design with Soviet reflecting
galvanometer.
l' ssuring .M,i:croseope .Mo_3,3,, - a bad .copy. of Hilger.
tor 15A. original.Zeiss. design.
AiI'+~ a bbe .omParai.+u..
r-.+*+~..~..
. k. C e-_r erator (See Diagram,2 appended)
Raysky principle, with,control_spark gap.
A?c ,Qeinexator].g (See Diagram. 3. appended)
For AC,arcs , This ; was. a ..original. mil by Sventizki. It. ga e
condensed .sparks 220 v, and.. with a special , circuit. for particularly
. strong ;spark. discharge of the order of 10,L F 220 T.
RefractorrmeteT~r...Similar to. Zeiss immersion refractometer.
R R~'.IM War Equnt
Rangefinders for -warships.,. artillery,. antiaircraft guns. . Periscopes
for submarines. Warlike equipment was designed by "German specialists
,Only until September 1951.
SE RET
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BECRF7
A ipen .. a .
Page 4
In_ Course of Construction
A machine for rati a, for lano gratis 120 x 120 mm.. The grating
was..to hav 1200 lines to the .mm. A 50X1-HUM
fairly large group of Zeiss designers .under the control.of.a Soviet
specialist (name unknown),was occupied with this design.
$pectrochemical .1 A1 orato ?y in the Factor GONt~.
Soviet Director
Soviet Advisers
E.1. Voronzov,. Research .Engineer
Professors Prokofiyev and.Sventizki.
fran the gtatok Ontinr 1 Tm%+4+IA&_
The spectrographic laboratory: consisted. of a.. small .routine section _ to
.which. hadbeen..added, later,,a research section.
The. layout. of both sections. conformed to the generally accepted plan of
suchlabor!atoriee, except that in.the Routine Section the design bad,
permitted the. camera ends of both Q.24 and ISP.22 to be placed in the
dark room; this is an. established procedure,. which facilitates the rapid
.analysis .of control samples. The floor spacing , s..adequate, There.
wet three rooms made out of one large one
Studio..
Dark Room
Evaluation,of Work Room
The Studio.,was fitted. .with the followings
IAthe. Maerger (brought . from .Jena )
i.work bench - Soviet.make
1 grinder Soviet make
1.. work bench with quartz -spectrograph Q.24, assembled in the. ~ otks
from material brought.out.of Jena.
1. work bench With ... quartz, . spectrograph Q. 24 brought from. Zeiss-lko!n,
Dresden.
l.work. bench with quartz spectrograph ISP.22 .- GOMZ make
3or 4 spark generators Zeiss, GOMZ,and laboratory make
The Dark Room .contained the fo Lowing s
.2 Work tables for Q.24 and. ISP.22
Double developer stand ..with Water, supply and foot yalve.mounted
or.
?on .,the . floor .
Tying ,-apparatus
Small store cupboard
Evaluation ,of Work Room was..equipped as follows
3 . +des ka brought ;Crum ,Jena,
3 apparatus cupboards brought from Jena
5 apparatus tables brought from Jena
1. Wardrobe.
1 rapid.. . photometer
1 rapid photometer made in GONFZ with a progress lens from Zeiss, Jena
1 Spectrochemical. Evaluation apparatus - Kaiser type from Zeiss, Jena
1 Spectrochemjcal Evaluation Unit made in.GOMZ
1 Spectrum Projector - G0 ..
1 Double Spectrum Projector., Zeiss
1 Quartz Spectrograph, ISP, 22 - GOMZ
1.Steeloscope, LOMZ.make, probably a copy. of a Hilger model
Various.spark and arc generators - GOMZ
1 Steelometer IOM. never used..
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Page 5
'Ninety sercent of -the tools and individual parts 'e from Jere : and D r"don.
There was
automatic drying equipment ,The water su l apparatus and the plate ag9 -~
lines Of
tating equipment was designed. and made on the.
and. Dresden models e
Thai l aborato,cy. had .three mediun, dispersion type quartz prism -spectr'o-.
graphs. This type,of spectr'ogr'aph is suitable for the analysis of copper
and. aluminum base alloys 'with which .the laboratory, was mainly, concerned
They are not well-suited. for the,analysis of highly alloyed steel but
good use seems. to have been made: of them,. however, for the comparatively
fez steels submitted for analyai.ss q
One spectrograph was Zeiss. Q.21+ The : others .were GOMZ , ISP.22. The I6P.22
had an aluminized collimating mirror instead .of a liens:. It was agreed
that this made. the spectrograph -cumberac , The mirror gives uniform focus
for rays of all wavelengths; its use had also been.determ . d by the shortage
of high-quality quartztl External lenses and diaphragm were. used for
the.purpose .0f isolating.,selected portions of : the light. source.
The accessory. equipment consisted of standard _types ,of good design and
they were adequate for the amount and type -of work being .done in the
laboratory. The iicr ophotoi eter. original Zeiss design with. a
built-in.galvanometer, The.spectruum projector, made in GON1 , is .a
poor copy. o_f the Zeeie.s. original, The. double pro jectc7r, designed in
1,541 by Zeiss, prov d satisfactory, any. desired spectra fx m 2 spectra-
grams can be laidtogether? without a dividing line; dispersion differences
can be optically.corredted,or compensated up to about 6 percent. The
steeeloseope is,. a. copy. of a fairly old. Kilger -design,. with .finder scales
for st l . and . non,-ferrous examination. without comparison spectrum, and
was a very useful apparatus for classification analyses. The spectra-
chemical eyaluatipn ,apparatus.,_ after Dr. Kaiser's .mQdel,.. was made in
.1912 on. the lines. of the Chen calculator; it is provided. with a scale
for carrying out simple backkground correction.
The following .Spark Generators Were used
a. Fetwner Spark Generator with synchronous motor
b GONZ Spark Generator,, Rayspsy system, with .control spark. gap
c Sigh tension .D Spark Generator .- Polack.design.
d. Low tension. Spark Generator ?220 v DC .- designedby Polack
e Generator for DC single sparks and AC quarter area ,- Polack design
f GM Are Generator ~for constant A.C: arcs, aometimes. up to 20 amps
't'his. was a good apparatus developed by Sventizki,,.Abramson, and
T ,gano4 a
Other fittings were the followir :
.Cathode ray; oscill.og .ph .. a small laboratory model brought 50X1-HUM
from Dresden.
1 rotary mirror made in the laboratory, 3.1000 rpm.ayachron -us motor.
2 cameras. for rotary, mirror photpgraphs : of spark discharges,
1 camera with folding spark and built in ..the. laboratory.
SE
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Ana. S
It is :evident that the pboeographhic plates available for spectrographic
.analysis were of a ve; y poor quality. Both gamma and speed varied
between ..plates in the. same box. Also there was oc nsiderable variation
in the.quality;of individual plates. This-was found when the plates had
been.subject to.compplete fogging and: differences in gamma-obtained
between spectrum lines only a few angstroms apart.. Consequently,. no
generally accepted procedure of plate calibration::had been adopted.
Instead, there was used a 3-step platinum filter giving 50 percent, 100
percent, and 10 percent transmission; density differences between steps
were used to ascertain the gamma of the plate The poorness of the plates
was generally recognized but it was. not possible to influence the manu-,
facturers t tt improve the quality. There-was no :close cooperation between
.plate manufacturers and. users.
Counter electrodes of copper were used, chiefly because there was no
.supply of high purity carbon or graphite electrodes available. The
graphite electrodes supplied were gritty . and. pitted very easily.
Prokofiyev expressed an opinionthat.the breakdown of graphite electrode
points invalidated their use.
Very good work seems to have been.done in the determination. of elements
present in #.igh percentages in.copper base alloys and the reproducibility
quoted for tungsten in highly alloyed steel is exceptionally gaodl the use,
of the..medium : spectrograph in this respect is .notable.
The : aluminum.basealloy samples were obtained by. casting in heavy. copper
molds. The method of parting the, pencil-shaped electrode was of interest
since it enabled the most satisfactory portion of the electrode, the
center,. to be used.
The complete excitation:conditiorst, line pairs, and reproducibility ob-
taindd are as follows:
1. Alloy - SSil umin
Component Sand Casting Pressure Casting
.Si 10-13% . 8-10'
Fe . 02-0,6% 0.4-1.5%
Mn. .0-0.5% 0.2-0.6%
Mg 0-0.5% Q-0.5
Cu 0-1% 0-2%
Al Remainder, Remainder
Excitation:
Feusaner and..Raysky spark generators
.C a 10,000 pF, peak voltage 15-17 kv
L. OH 100. sparks per second
Electrodes::
$pace::
Slit;
.Preliminary spark:
Exposure:
Analysis lines,:
Al 2567.99
A1,3050.l
Al 3050.1
Al 3050.1
Al 3050.1
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Pair ~of hemispheres,,, radius 2.5 mm
3.5 mm
.0.035mm, 3.-step filter 100'50/10 percent
2 minutes
30-:45 seconds
Si.I,2514.3
Fe1 2756.3
MgII 2790.8
Mn 2939.3
CuI 3247.5
Reproducibility,
approx.
approx..3.
approx.. 2.59
Approx.. 3. %
approx. 4. %
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Appendix G
Page 7
2. Alloy - Hydronalium
Component,
Mn.
Cu
Si
Al
Pressure Casting,
7-12%
.0-0.5%
0-0.4%
!0-0.3%
Remainder
Conditions of. T
r. _...
est
w...-.
..,, .te
Excitation;
As with .8ilunin
Electrodes
As. with. S'n
.Space
Slits
No. preliminary.
3 -mm
0.035 mm 3-step filter 100/50/10 percent
spark.
d
s
Exposure: 30 secon
Analysis lines:
Reproduci
bilit
Al 3050.1
Mg 2779.8 approX.
1. 796
Al 3050.1
Si : 2881.6.with back approx.
ground correction
3..%
Al 3050.1.
Fe-I 2756.3 approx.
3. %
A1.3050-1
939. 3 approx.
Mn 2
3. %
Al 3050-1
f
Cui 32+7.5 approx.
4. %
Steels
(a) Ordinary structural. steels:
cr i to 1.5%
Ni up to.l . %
Mn up to 1.5%
Si up to 1.5%
Mo. up to 0.8%
V up to.0.8%
Excitation: AS,.-with Silumin
Electrodes:
Space
Slit:
Preliminary. spark:
Expoeure
Analysis lines:
Fe, 2689.2
FeII 2828.6
Fe1I 2926.6
Felt 3154.2
Fe1 3399.3
FeI 2518.1
Fenn 2876.8
(b) High alloy steels:
SECRET
Steel with ground, plane . surface
opposed electrode: copper cylinder 1.5 mm
diameter
2 mm
0.015 mm 3-step filter 100/50/10 percent.
.1 minute
.20-30 seconds
Reproducibility
Cr11 2677.2 approx. 2. b9b
Mo1I 2816 with back-.
ground.correction approx..3. %
Mn .2933.1 approx. 2.5%
V11 3110.7 approx. 3.5%
Ni.i 3414.8 approx. 2.8%
S3.I 2516.1 with back approx. 3. %
ground correction
SiI 2881.6 approx. 3.5%
.W I
Cr .3
Mn V. 2
-` 2-2`..
066%
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-13 _
V 0.2 .2.5%
Mo 0.5 2.5%
Ni 0 5. %
Co 0 5. %
Si.0.1 0.8%
.Conditions
Exactly as.
Analysis Unes
FeII 2396 7
WII 'a ?397-1
Fe11 2876,8
Crii 2862.6
FeII 2944.4
Mu ..2939.3
Fell 3154.7
VII 3110.7
FeII 2828;6
MoII 2816.0
:Fe11 2307.3-
Ni11 2316..0
FeII 2576.9
. Coii 2~j~82. 9
(c) Chrome steels,; Cr 6:- 15%
Chrome nickel steels. Cr 16 20%
Ni 7 - 14(
Nickel steels Ni 25,- 36%
Conditions: lbactly a
Analysis. lines t
(a)
Fe11.2876.8 Cr 2862.6
Fe1 3009.6 Nil 3012.0
(d) Nickel steels contain~ng Mo..and Ii:
Cr
1$%O
Ni
.$%.
Mo
Prom._.0.5 to 2.5%
Ii
Up -to .0.8%
Ti 3088
4. Bronzes .Brass
.Zn .2 .- 40%
Sn 0 - 1:20
Si 0,' Pb 0 .- % .
Cu Remainder
Excitation:
Impulse;
Eleatrodet
Conditions; Exadtly as (a)
Analysis lines:
Opposed .electrodes.:
Analysis lines;
.Cu11 2544.8
Fe 3,685
App
Page .8
Re.pr,oduciblity
-approx.%
approx. 2.8%
aprox. 3. %
approx..3.5%
approx..3. %
approx. 3. %
approx..3. %
Reproducibility
approx.. 3.. %
approx..2.5%
Impurities in.the form of
illegible) As (2288)
Bi (3o67)
Sb (2597)
Ni (341+.8)
Condenser discharge or polarized AC.arc
1 light impulse b000th.of a second
4 testing points
Sample machined flat with stuck-on insulating
disc, 1 mm..thick,and 4 holes 1.2-mm diameter
.Graphite cone 600 or copper wire 2 mm diameter
Zn1I 2557.96
Reproducibility
approx.. 3. %
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Appendix G
-14 Page9..
tepr oduc ibil tyl
c u1 282+.4 Pb1 2833.1 with
background
correction approx, 6. %
. Cui 2.821+. Sni 2839.99 'with
background
correction apprcoc? 33
,GUI 2824'+ SiI 2881.6 approx. f+. %
Research and Development
t wr voltage spark unit (See Diagram 1 appended)
This high. energy impulse .unit is of particular interest as it seems to over.
come the effect.of "third element. 'H The examples quoted are with respect- to
,the determination of zinc in -silicon bronze, the effect of Varying silicon
content being reduced by the-use of the single spark .unit.
The technique I f$. that, of the "exploded 'wires" in which a bank of comers
is- shorted .across the Wire sample, the latter being i mmediately vaporized
and excited. This technique has not been generally tied because of the
diffic,tlties associated-with,the preparation of the sample. It is.
admitted. that the "exploded.wire" technique formed the germ of this
idea. In effect, the -copper counter electrode is fashioned at its top
in, the form : of a wire , and the path-of the discharge to the sample is
restricted by a plastic disc.. The disc has a hole drilled in its.c er,
1.2.mm in diameter. (he ccaposi:tion. _o ` the plastic could not be
ascertained.) A separate disc is used for each exposure and the avenge
'exult from four exposures was reported. The amount of metal vaporized
by/one discharge of the condensers (time:. : 0.001 .seconds) is sufficierrt
to give a dense apectri ?m. It, is asserted that without the disc the
discharge spreads ,along the surface of the sample and a poor spectrum
is; obtained. With.the disc in position a deep uniform crater is -ca?tma+ed
b
h
d
y t
e
isehax'gee
The.publication. of the results., of this research rests yi t ym-intic rir
Txa,f-- !ed
At the moment,, no .,work on the infra red end of the spectrum is boring
.done at GOI. No questions. on infra-red spectroscopy were ever raised
by the Soviets
J. B tiding
The consideration of a . ruling ,machine for diffraction gratings was,
envisaged. The theoretical information was available but there was
no. indication that the project would. be put on a practical basis. ibr
some time. An adaptor for the prism spectrograph: was designed and
this -enabled the photo multiplier tube to be tra
1ane~ t
It seems.,; .therefore.,, that direct reading equipment is not in use in the
USSR. since neither the grating .spectrographs nor the 141--grating devices
:are available.. The integrators could be made,
aremanufactured. however, lance grating
spectrometers
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4-15-
Appendix G
Page 10
Literature
Soviet scientific ,journa.s.are available. Do y'', Izvestia and
sY tru ;' were mentioned, but the only one sup rlied regularly was
Lagodskaya Lab The magazine Pry oda ` was seen at regular inte ls.
From time to time the Soviet equivalent to z'Technical S cifications
for Test Procedure for various.m$tals and alloys" was. made available.,
a Soviet. correspondent.of a technical
publication had. to be very careful.of his fade if they: were sub
se uently proved .wrong, he was liable to..a fine..
Taganov, who published a technique for the analysis. of low carbon
.content steel. This was found to be untrue and Taganov was punished
.accordingly.
..Conclusion
The standard of analysis, at.G00 spectrographic laboratory appears... to be
in.keeping with that obtained generally in a unit engaged primarily in
.routine analysis. The staff of two well-trained girls (educated up to
School Certificate standard) should have been, .. and. were, capable of
analy#ing the 60--80 samples a.day :th which it is claimed the laboratory
had to,deal. Close supervision . had` to.be exercised because of the mixed
batch of alloy types,.
1A.
Photo a sic Laboratory
Russian Director .
...
Mme,
Smirnova
German Director
.e.
Dipl.
Ing. W. Falta
Design and. Equipment
..
Dipl
Ingo W. Fai.ta,
.This laboratory consisted of three rooms, measuring altogether about 70
sq.. meters. The internal fittings were poor. The developing tanks were
of tinned iron and rusted badly. There-was no particularly interesting
apparatus in.the laboratory. with the exception. of a sensitometer designed
by Falta himself: this was.for measurement of phiOtographic emulsions.
Falta had to,cope with the many difficulties which arose from bad
properties of photoemulsions.which,were supplied (i) frok Dinamo Worrks,
Cen ingrad, (ii) Works No. 2? Novo.-Ryazanskaya, Moss cows and (iii) the
Nix'Y (N.IIKF7) Institute, Moscow.
It is. impossible to :compare the technical level of this laboratory. with
that of any laboratory in Jena. The Jefa photographic Laboratory under
the direction of Dr. Gundlack.comprised many branch laberat iee with - .
first-class equipment.; the Leningrad ?i boratory was much smaller in scope
and . was: more doncerued with pruction than with. .checking.
aoriping and Photo meat Laboratory
Russian. Director
German: Director..
Nhne. Achremchik
Kurt. Hohmann
Madame Achremehik had no technical knowledge whatever and relied entirely
on the qualificatiAns.of her subordinates. or the instructions received
from higher authority. Hohmann .did. good work in the production of
platinum step filters and Freiwald,. of the State Optical Institute, played
meat was designed by Hohmann with.the ass istance of a willing and skill. ful
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ppendiX G
-16- Page 11
Russian Junior engineer. These two men.were the mainstay, of the laboratory,
which was not used for research. but solely for production.. The filters
in:particular were enormously. improved by Hohmann. Until 191-8, they bad
been promiced by the State Optical Institute but were?of poor quality..
At the end of 1951, the standard reached by. the ? laboratory. was far
below that of the corresponding Jena laboratory OB..3 in 19+5, when the
Russian engineer Roshdestvensky, of the State Optical Instute,went
to. Jena, investigated the platinum. vaporizing methods there,.and after-
wards applied his experience in Leningrad.
6A. Optical Laboratory
Russian Director ...
Nahum Krup
Succeeded in 19+9 by
Mme. Moskalova.(?)
Kurt Voigtsberger
This laboratory. belonged to the Central Designing,B.u "eau (TsKB.) and had
at least eight rooms of about 30.cu. meters each. Twenty-two people
were employed there and 21 of them were womoka. The main: equipment,
furniture, and apparatus were mostly from Jena.
The following instruments were. installed:
1 Zeiss Littrow Spectrograph.QG.55,, Russian designation.1 .55, which
was .used for adjusting the lenses. of spectrographs .of the same type
,in regular production.
.1 Zeiss 3-Prism Glass Spectrograph,, Russian designation IGP.51. It
bad 3 different cameras. and Raman fittings .
1 Russian..Quartz Spectrograph ISP.22
2 or 3 Russian.microphotometers fllegible . 2.
These were designed from Jena drawings of the Zeiss rapid photometer.
1 simple Spectrum Projector.- GOMZ
1Double Projector - GOMZ (after Zeiss, original).
Many other pieces. of apparatus such as refractometers and Abbe, comparators
and, measuring microscopes.
The work-carried out by the laboratory was mainly working out adjustment
instructions for the fittingshops and the development of improvement
..Of apparatus.. Shoshin, Professor Prokofiyev, and Professor Ma.ndelstamm,
from the State Optical. Institute in Moscow,. had a great deal.of influence
over this laboratory according to Voigtsberger.
. Laboratory for Precision Instruments
Russian Directors
German. Director.
p . p
e p p
Rudakov
Shoshin
.Schilling
Dr. Kuehne
This laborato yhas two rooms., each about 100 sq. meters, in.separate.
buildings, and.:was equipped with a great deal of apparatus all from.. Jena.
About 30 people, most of them women, were employed. The main work done
was the development and the. checking of current production.
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Ap enc'I.x G
Page 12
Optical Laboratory
Russian Director
No German..assistants.
Mme. Olga Sergeyevna Orlovskaya.
Little is. known-of this laboratory. The:work.done in it is.mainly testing
and ;Chacking.of finished lenses 'Which have been "platinum gauged."
The monochromator testing gear was badly arranged;:Orlovekaya is quite
a good engineer but in many technical matters uncertain of hself and
lacking in experience. The staff of assistants,,mostly,'wane , is,.ac-.
cording to Western ideas, also inexperienced.
9A, Otheraboratoriea of which little is known.
There. were also laboratories for cine-optics and for the. production of
aluminum mirrors. Theses however, were under all-Russian:directioxiand
no-details can be given. There was also.an Astro Optics laboratory work-
shop under Russian Direction. The. name of the Russian-.director is not
known, but the real head was a Herr Pfaff from Jena,. 'Who .knows well the
production processes in.astro optics.
10A. Pr resa Optical Insttument Factory'
hacatIQ I
Progress. Factory is situated, on. the right (north) bank of the Neva, 2_ km
due vest of the divergence of the Neva and the Nevka. Nearest bridge;
Liteniy.`idge
The. number of workers was. about the same as G.OIE a4, the. ratio, of skilled
and .unskilled about the same.
Rixe
.qt ~on
The Comm ercial Director was called Abramov.
Technicaltandards
No :details were known. According to statements made by colleagues, , con-.
ditiona .were about the same as in GONZ
As. far 4t.is...known,.microscopes .of simple. and medium types, are produced
here.
The production figures..were comparative) lar e and .the ualit r. lati e
good but not u the Zeiss- lT 50X1-HUM
was a bad-copy., particularly
. on . e: `electrical aide, and was. not satisfactory in mechanical and
optical: details.
Microscope. Optics
There were -only, simple drying systems. and an achromatic-oil immersion.
As far as is known,,apochromatic apparatus. was not produced or, if it
Was,, only a few -types. of so-called piano achromatic apparatus. German
staff who.were connected with, this work were Mehlis.and..Vogler.
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conclusion
It soemed that Progress was very like' GOM,,although the staff in .G0 W
,had the impression that the Progress FFctory.was better organized and
directed.
11A. Le ingrad Optical Glass 16ctory
.The fused quartz used in the optical instruments was made at the
Leningrad Optical Glass Factory.. This .work_______________________
is in the SE :Sector of Leningrad.-On the left a of the Neva
near e Volodary Bridge.. Next door is the Lomonosoy porcelain
factory.
A,rnexures, A and Bas listed. .on page 2.
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I50mm
f'. 75mm f=
nn
--
diaphragnnj
Achrom tic
Condenser Lenses
Flat Field
S/it
Quartz Lens
OF A GRAPH C [-S ISP
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Annexure A
Mirror
f = 6001n m.
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BASE CAST IRON
CONSTRUCTION:
HOUSING SJUNIN? GTn OF FACE.
UATP?a p0;'U PRIG 40 " SIGH.
P?~Ta"~i:
JM5 : (;Ql~,yyi,~TOR ALMM"IL11 MIRROR f = 6OOncn.
CA RA S f = 800-m-
SLIT: WITH STAINLESS STEEL JAWS,
SLIT: MEW DIVISIONS O.OO13rn. SPELT i FROM
2000 to 7000A - t80 : LONG MILLIM RIC SCALE.
BAR FOR ACCESSORIES: BAR HITIi COP, SECURID TO THE
SPE 2ROGRA BY TWO BOLTS.
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0,03- ossnM
L
LQW VOLTAGE ARG rr i rT 12
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MagnettC
switch
70- 12
mm
LOW VOLTAGE SINGU SPAS`- UN12 WITH
BIGB CAPACITY 00NDI SE2 VW'ITFhOUT
ZMCI' CF ccrr, , E'OR i SIS
OF BRDNM CtaZnP~S1
Annexu.re 'Bt
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Gap
3-4mm
A.
50X1-HUM
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SECRET CONSTRUCTION: BASE CAST IRON
HOUSING SILUMIN.
PRISM: QUARTZ CORN'U PRISM - lnm LMGTH OF FACE.
- 40J n HIGH.
L IS S: COLLDaLATOR AI1MINIUM MI tR' R f = 6003m.
CAMS LEMS f = 800 --am.
SI? ETRICAL WITH STAINLESS STEM JAWS,
DRUM DIVISIONS 0.OO1mrn. SPECTRUM FROM
2000 to 7000A - 18C n LONG MILLD ETRIC SCALE.
BAR FOR ACCESSORIES: BAR HIIGER OUPY, SECURED TO THE
SPE!CTROGRApH BY TWO BOLTS.
Plate 9x24 c m
f= 75m m
WON
ht Source
9 D';_rag Slat
Quartz Lens Diaphragm
Condenser lenses
Achromatic
rrrA( AM OF A SP X MRAM GM ISP 22
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Mirror
f = 6001n m.
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 220V S
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spark
Gap 2 - 41 x,n
I GY V OLD AC E SPARK UNIT 1 ow
//f T
k20V S,
LOVY VOLTAGE A??C Vi;IT DG2 GOMS
A Arc Gap AC 22ov
.DC 220V
Magnetic
Switch
LOW VOLTAGE SINGLE SPARK UNIT WITH
BIGH CAPACITY C )NDENSER WITHOUT
SE ,F-INWGrANCE OOILa; OR AHALYSIS
OF BPDN{"E CuZxipbSi
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$ 116
rwan Out
l~l-u-
DEB 1952
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
CLASSIFICATION
SECRET
SECURITY INFORMATION
INFORMATION REPORT REPORT
CD NO.
DATE DISTR. 18 Sept. 1952
COUNTRY USSR (Leningrad O1)last)
SUBJECT 1. State Optical Institute (GOI), Leningrad NO; OF PAGES 2
Mechanics
i
P
i
s
on
rec
2. Leningrad Institute for
and Optics (LITHO)
DATE OF
INFO..
PLACE
ACQUIRE
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEAN I NG DF TITI,E 18, SECTIONS 793
AND 7941 Of THE 1,S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVE-
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN'UNAUTHDR'IZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED ByLAW. THE. REPRODUCTION OF.THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
Appendix G, Part B., paragraph I is included in order to help in avoiding an,
.confusion that may arise.
Annendix G. Pa .rt B. -ears raph 2I 50X1-HUM
believe that Rozhdestvenskiy died in 50X1-HUM
e next page for Appendix G9'Parts A and 27
CLASSI FI CATION
NO.OF ENCLS..
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLE
REPORT
50X1-HUM
Not graded
,THIS IS UNEVALUATED .INFORMATION
50X1-HUM
SEC .,
F _ DISTRIBUTION
ATIG~ Ix
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SCIENTIFIC ORDER OF
Auvendix G
A. abl_?,., is
ate Optical Institute GOI Leningrad
Litovska litsa, as a. laboratory ass a
l~ d -elda including spectroscopy. xt is
i
obably in the Petrograd section of Leningrad (that is, across the
e NW part of the - city) . Students are trained in specialized fields,
below
h 1
ra
E
.
,
p
; parag
troscopy. For personalities see Part
titute for Precision Mechanics and Optics LITMO)
Exact to ion cannot be given; it is believed to be in the neighborhood. of.
ist nt once indicated. Here also,
to pass examinations there. or persona , .-
a ze ,
students are trained in spec
impossible. to say how, far the work of the two institutes overlaps.. It was
said.in Leningrad that spectoggr.aphy students preferred LITMO as it w a easier
F 14+4?a see Part I3 paragraph.2 below.
.Personalities
1. Russians known to be at GO 1:
a. Professor Prokof iyev
b,... Sventitskiy
c. Taganov
d, Freiwerth (photo elements)
'
?)
e. Professor Stosharov
Rozhdestvenskiy
g. frau' Gre.mn
2. Russians known to be at LITMO.
a. I' s..or Miss Plotkina,who formerly worked under
Prokofiyev
in 50X1-HUM
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