(SANITIZED)REPORT ON THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY OF COMMUNIST CHINA(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 430
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 28, 2010
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: February 6, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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M. Technique and Technical Training
1. Outline
2. Detainment of Japane se technicians
3. Introduction of Soviet techniques
4.
5.
Absorbing the technique of various free nations
Favorable treatment of technical workers
b. Liaison with schools and training sections
7. Teacher-student agreement
$. Study system
Estimate of the technical level
Supplement: Yang-ch'uan Ironworks
A. Name of Enterprise
P. Form of Enterprise and Affiliation
C. Location and Plant Layout
D. Tapes of Operations
E. Type of Plant
F. Various Aspects of Plant Location
G. History
H. Principal Equipment
I. Labor Force
J. Raw Material and Motive Power
K. Production
1. Pig iron
a. Annual output
Products
C. Destination of products
d. Percentage of products meeting specifications
e. Effective utilization. coefficient
Cast-iron pipes and other products
L, Technique
Small Blast Furnace
SPECIAL. iANi~L NG REQ~ IRED N'OT FRE~.FASA!1 TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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SEcREI
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Charts
No 10-1. General Sketch of the Vicinity of the T'ai-yuan
Iron and Stee 1 Works
No 10-2. Plant Layout of the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel
Works (Separate Volume)
Operational System of the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel
Works
No 10-4. Consumption Within the Works and Outside Sale of
Principal Products of the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel
Works
No 10-5. Distribution of Mines in Operation in SHANSI and
Ne ighboring Prov ince s
No 10-6. Plant Layout of the Coke and Chemical Departments
of the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
(Separate Volume)
No 10-7.
No 10-$.
No 10-9.
No
No
No
No
No
10-10.
10-11.
10-12.
10-13.
10-14.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
10-15.
10-16.
10-17.
10-21.
No 10-22.
No
10-23.
Flow Sheet of Coal Washing Plant No 1
Flow Sheet of Coal Washing Plant No 2
Flow Sheet of the Coking Plant
Coke Conveyance Method
Damaged Condition of Poorly Operating Oven
Flow Sheet of the Ammonium Sulphate Plant
By-products Processing System
Layout of Plant Facilities of the Pig-iron Manufac-
turing Department
Operational Setup of the Pig-iron Manufacturing
Departn~ nt
Operational Process of the Blast Furnaces
Facilities Layout for Open-hearth Process of the
T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works (Separate Volume)
Cross Section of the Open-hearth Furnace Building
Structure of the 50-Ton Open-hearth Furnace
Gas and Air Ports of the Open-hearth Furnace
(Moll Type)
Brick-laying Method for the Regenerator of the
Open-he arch Furnace
Structure of the Ladle Car
Structure of the Molten Steel Ladle
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SELREI
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
No 10-24. Shape of the.Ingot Case (680-kg) for Rimmed Steel
No 10-25. Open-hearth Steel Manufacturing Process
No 10-26. Layout of Ingot Making (Casting) Facilities
No 10-27. Oxygen Supplying Device of the Open-hearth Furnace
No 10-28.
No 10-29.
No 10-30.
No 10-31.
No 10-32.
No 10-33.
No 10-34.
No 10-35.
Na 10-36.
No 10-37.
No 10-3$.
No 10-39.
No 10-40.
No 10-41.
No 10-42.
No 10-43.
No 10-44.
No 10-45
No 10-46.
No 10-47?
No 10-48.
No 10-49.
No 10-50.
Shape of Steel Ingot From the Open-hearth Furnace
Layout of the Electric Furnace Plant Facilities
Structural Layout of the Medium and Small Bar
Mill S
Facilities Layout of the Medium Bar Mill of the
T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works (Separate Volume)
Shape of the Medium Bar Rolls
New Heating Furnace and Preheating Apparatus for
Medium Bar Mill
Preheating Apparatus for the Old Heating Furnace
of the Medium Bar Mill
Conveyor of the Medium Bar Mill
Medium Bar Mill Press Straightener
Medium Bar Mill Roller Straightener
Medium Bar Rolling Process
Layout of Small Bar Mill Facilities
Shape of the Small Bar Finishing Roll
Small Bar Mill Roll Bearing
Installation of the Small Bar Finishing Roll
Heating Furnace of the Small Bar Mill
Operation of the Suspension Lever for Small Bar
Rolling
Structure of the Rollgang for the Small Bar
Roughing Roll
Structure of the Cooling Bed of the Small Bar Mill
Winders of the Small Bar Roll
Portable Ground Crane
Operational Process for Small Bar Rolling
Small Bar Roughing Roll Pass and Operational
Process
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
No 10-51. Small Bar Finishing Roll Pass and Operational
Process
Tables
No 10-52.
No 10-53.
No 10-54.
No 10-55.
No 10-56.
No 10-57.
No 10-58.
No 10-59.
No 10-60.
No 10--61.
No 10-62.
No 10-63.
No 10-64.
No 10-65.
No 10-66.
No 10-67.
No 10-68.
No 10-69.
No 10-70.
No 10-71.
No 10-72.
No 10-1.
No 10-2.
Finishing Pass of Roll No 7
Facilities Layout of the Sheet Mill of the T'ai-
yu.an Iron and Steel Works (Separate Volume)
Cross-section of the Heating Furnace of the Sheet
Mill
Cross-section of the Foil Sheet Furnace of the Sheet
Mill
Sheet Roll Coupling Procedure
Sheet Roll Three-stage Reduction Gear
Structure of the Sheet Mill's Continuous Annealing
Furnace
Sheet Rolling Operation at the T'ai-yuan Iron and
Steel Works
Sheet Roughing Roll Operation
Cross Section of the Chilled Casting Plant Building
Essentials on the Riser in Chilled Roll Casting
Layout of Facilities of Power Plant No 3
Water Intake and Water Supply Facilities
Organization of the Technical Supervison Section
Ericksen Cupping Test Procedure
Management Structure of the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel
Works
Operational Setup of the Steel Manufacturing
De partme nt
Housing Plan at KU-CH'ENG-TS'UN
Housing Facilities at SHIH-LI-P'U
Location of the Yang-ch'uan Ironworks
Facilities Layout of the Yang-ch'uan Ironworks
Main Equipment of the T' ai-yuan Iron and Steel
Works
Raw Material Situation of the T'ai-yuan Iron and
Steel Works
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No 10-3.
S.L~.i: _i
Itemized Output of Products
No 10-1. Changes in Management of the T' ai-yuarn
Steel Works
No 10-5.
No 10-6.
No 10-7.
No 10-$.
No 10-9.
No 10-10.
No 10-11.
No
No
10-12.
10-13.
Facilities of Coal Washing Plant No 1
Facilities of Coal Washing Plant No2
Iron and
Structure and Capacity of Coke Oven No 1
Structure and Capacity of Coke Oven No 2
Composition of Washed Coal
Coke Production by Mechanical Ovens
Composition and Physical Strength of Coke Produced
at the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
Facilities in the Suction Plant of the Coking
De partme nt
Facilities at the Ammoniun Sulphate Plant of the
Coking Department
No 10-14. ' Facilities at the Tar Plant of the Coking Depart-
ment
No 10-15. Facilities at the Benzol Plant of the Coking
Department
No 10-16. Output of By-products
No 10-17. Blast Furnace Equipment
No 10-18. Hoisting Apparatus For Blast Furnace
No 10-19. Hot Blast Stoves
No 10-20. Blowers for Blast Furnace
No 10-21. The T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works' Purchasing
Plan of Iron Ore from Other Provinces for 1953
No 10-22. Amount of Raw Materials Charged into the Blast
Furnace s
No 10-23. Variation in the Daily Output of Pig Iron (Unit:
ton)
No 10-24. Variations in the Annual Output of Pig Iron (Unit:
ton)
No 10-25. Floor Space of the Buildings of the Steel Manu-
facturing Department
No 10-26. Data on the Open-hearth Furnace Facilities
No 10-27. Refractory Materials for the Open-hearth Furnaces
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S " :
r a k?
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
No 10-2$. Gas Producers for the Open-hearth Furnaces
No 10-29. Accessories for Open-hearth Steel Manufacture
No 10-30. Improvement on Open-hearth Furnace Steel Manufac-
turing Equipment
No 10-31. Increase in Open-hearth Steel Manufacturing
Equipment
No 10-32. Amount of Heat Maintained by Producer Gas
No 10.33. Distribution of Producer Gas Heat
No 10-34. Distribution of Personnel in Open-hearth Furnace
Steel Manufacture
No 10-35. Variation in the Mixing Ratio of Raw Materials for
Open-he arth Stee 1 Manufacture
No 10-36. Amount of Charge in Open-hearth Stee1 Manufacture
No 10-37. Charging Order of Raw Materials in Open-hearth
Steel Manufacture
No 10-33. Supply and Demand Plan of Raw Materials for Open-
hearth Steel Manufacture
No 10-39. Specifications for Carbon Steel Ingot
No 10-40. Electric (Furnace) Steel Manufacturing Facilities
No 10-41. Production of Steel (crude steel) Manufactured by
Electric Furnaces
No 10-42. Buildings of the Rolling Department
No 10-43, Medium Bar Rolling Facilities
No 10-44. Heating Furnace and Other Equi.prr nt of the Medium
Bar Mill
No 10-45. Accessory of the Medium Bar Mill
No 10-46. DetE:ils on Production at the Medium Bar Mill
No 10-47. Variations in Products Produced by the Medium Bar
Mill
No 10-48. Comparison of Time Required for Rieplacerr~nt of Rolls
No 10-49. Transition in the Supply of Rollers For the Medium
Bar Mill
No 10-50. Order List For Medium Rolls at the T ? ai-yuan iron
Manufacturing and Mining Office
No 10-51. Equipment of the Small Bar Mill
No 10-52. Accessory Equipment of the Small Bar Mill
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No 10-53. Heating Furnace for the Small Bar Mill
No 10-54. Improvements of Facilities of the Small Bar Mill
No 10-55. Distribution of Key Workers in the Small Bar Mill
No 10-56. Changes in Actual Daily Output at the Small Bar
Mill
No 10-57. Replenishment of Small Bar Rollers
No 10-5$. Details of the Sheet Mill
No 10-59. Details of Furnace Facilities of the Sheet Mill
No 10-60. Details of Accessory Equipment of the Sheet Mill
No 10-61. Distribution of Workers in the Sheet Mill
No 10-62. Estimated Capacity of Sheet Rolling Facilities
No 10-63. Production Plan for Various Products of the Sheet
Mill
No 10-64. Chilled Casting Equiprrnt
No 10-65. Actual Production of Chilled Castings
No 10-66. Amount of Refractory Material Consumption
No 10-67. Principal Facilities in the T'ai-yuan Power
Plant No 3
No 10-6$. Equipment in B*iler Room No 2
No 10-69. Physical Test Equipment
No 10-70. Chemical Products
No 10-71. Specifications For Coke
No 10-72. Specifications For Gypsum
No 10-73. Specifications For Carbide
No 10-74. Specifications For Coke By-products
No 10-75. Specifications For Silica Fire-proof Materials
No 1x76. Specifications For Alumina Fire-proof Materials
No 10-77 . Specifications For Fire Clay
No 10-7$. Specifications For Silica Brick
No 1x79 , Specifications For Roll (chilled cast iron)
No 10-- 3O. Specifications For Triangle Bars
No 10-$1. Specifications For Light Rails
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1 S~'EC~A~. HA~~3
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Doc.No 90225 (10) (PB)
No 10-$2. Specifications For Steel Blooms
No 10-$3. Specifications For Small Bar Steel Material
No 10-$4. Specifications For Medium Bar Steel Material
No 10-$5. Specifications For Carbon Steel
No 10-$6. Specifications For Pig Iron
No 10-$7. Organizational Setup of the Production and Technical
Section of the T'ai yuan. Iron and Steel Works
No 10-$$. Organizational Setup of the Technical Supervision
Section of the T' ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
No 10-$9. Plan on the Work Index of the Blast Furnace in the
Pig Iron Department (Plan No 1)
No 10-90. Plan on the Technical Requirement in the Pig Iron
Department (Plan No 2)
No 10-91. Plan on the Quality of Products in the Pig Iron
Department (Plan No 3)
No 10-92. Plan on the work Index of the Open-hearth Furnace
in the Steelmaking Department (Plan No 1)
No 10-93. Plan on the Technical Requirement in the Steel-
making De partme nt (Plan No 2)
No 10-94. Plan on the Quality of Products in the Steelmaking
Department (Plan No 3)
No 10-95. Monthly Operating Plan for the Steelmaking Depart-
ment
No 10-96. Base Pay by Position Class at T'ai-yuan Iron and
Steel Works
No 10-97. Principal Equiprr rt of the Yang-chuan Ironworks
No 10-9$. Pig-iron Output at the Yang-chuan Ironworks
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Chapter Ten. T!ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
(Including tFe Yang-ch'uan Ironworks)
I. Outline
A. Name of Enterprise
T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
B. Form of Enterprise and Affiliation
It is a state-operated enterprise under the Iron and Steel Industry
Control Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry.
C. Location
It is located east of KU-CH'ENG-TS'UN ( .?~4` ~J4 ) (STC 0657/
1004/2625), four kilometers from the northern suburbs of TtAI-YUAN,
SHANSI Province -- see Chart No 10-1.
D. Plant Area
It covers an area of over 300,000 tsubo. If the grounds of the
attached installations such as the hospital, school and workers'
housing are included, the total area will be about 700,000 tsubo.
Note: The plant area during the Japanese controlled era was about
$0,000 tsubo
E. Plant Layout
See Chart No 10-2
F. Types of Operations
The iron and steel works manufactures pig iron, coke, by-products
of coke, and steel. It also carries out rolling, casting and forging
operations.
G. Type of Works
It is engaged in the integrated process of steel manufacture
H. Principal Facilities
See Table No 10-1
I. Operational System
See Chart No 10-3
J. Raw Material Situation
See Table No 10-2
K. Itemized Producti6n and destination of Products
See Table No 10-3 and Chart No 10-4.
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
L. Labor Force
In early 1953, the total number of workers exceeded 10,000. Of
these, about 2,000 were administration and technical staff members.
Note: Total number of workers during the Japanese era was four thousand
and several hundred.
M. Various Aspects of the Work's Location
1. Geographical aspect
a. T'AI-YUAN is located in a small basin (elevation,
1,000 meters) along the middle reaches of the FEN Ho, in the central
part of SHANSI Province. It is the seat of the Shansi Provincial
People's Government. In the latter part of the first half of 1953,
the population of this city was about 350,000. The present goal is to
build this city into a city with a population of 1,000,000 through town
planning in the future.
b. SHANSI Province is separated from HOPEH Province by
the T'ai-hsing Mountain Range and from SHANSI Province and HONAN Province
by the YELLOW River. These natural boundaries make SHANSI a thorough
inland province which lies on a mountaneous plateau with an elevation
varying from 600 meters to 3,000 meters.
C. In SHANSI Province, the temperature is generally
lower than HOPEH Province. The winter is comparatively long owing to
the wind which blows from MONGOLIA every year from April to May, but
in summer the heat is extremely severe. This is a typical continental
climate. The annual rainfall averages only 500 millimeters and below,
and the highest rainfall is registered during July and August. The
winter is very dry.
2. Transportation aspects
The North and South Tungpu lines (total length, $66 kilometers)
runs through the province. The North Tungpu Line connects with the
Chingpao Line and the Shihtai Line links with the Chinghan Line. The
North Tungpu Line and the Shihtai Line are standard gauge lines (width
of gauge is 1435 millimeters) but the South Tungpu Line is a narrow
gauge line (width of gauge is 1067 millimeters). The North and South
Tungpu lines are joined between T'AI-YUAN and YUTZ'U (37?39'N 112?44'E).
The conversion of the South Tungpu Line into a standard gauge line and
the double tracking of the Shihtai Line are planned under the First
Five-Year Plan.
3. Raw material aspects
a. Various underground natural resources were found
abundantly from the past in SHANSI Province. Particularly, raw materials
for the manufacture of iron (such as iron ore, coal, limestone, gypsiyn,
manganese, fluorite) and various raw materials for refractory materials
were deposited ,bundantly in various parts of the province. The iron
or de sits are dispersed over 20 hsiens, such as WU-T'AI, CH'UN-YANG
( ~) ) (STC 2504/7122) , T' AI-YUAN, YANG-CH' UAN, LU AN, etc. It
is claimed that the total deposit is 30,000,000 tons. The Yang-ch'uan
and Lu-an areas have been famous from the past as pig-iron manufactur-
ing centers of SHANSI.
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Northwest (TAI-YUAN) Steel Mill
Northwest (T?AI-YUAN) Yu-~tstai Machinery and
Tool Plant
Northwest Locomotive Plant
Northwest Ironworks
Northwest Foundry
.Northwest Hydraulic Press Plant
2S
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
It is said that the coal deposits, both anthracite and
bituminous are inexhaustible. According to the rudimentary survey
conducted by RIHITOHOHEN* in the late 19th Century, the coal deposit
was estimated at one hundred and several ten billions of tons. However,
the present deposit is said to attain one trillion tons (52 per cent of
the coal resources of the nation). Lode outcrops are observed every-
where within the province and the Yang-ch'uan and Ta-hung coal mines
are famous for these outcrops.
It is said that there are also inexhaustible deposits
of limestone and gypsum. In addition, there are rich deposits of high
grade manganese, fluorite and raw materials for refractory material such
as sekihaku silica; dolomite and alumina shale.
b. However, the iron ore of SHANSI Province belongs to
the pocket ore stratum which is peculiar to this province and it is un-
favorable for large scale mechanical mining. In addition, the quality
of the ore cannot be considered as being good because the iron content
is only 40 to 47 per cent. Even the promising Ting-hsiang ore is a flat
ore which is considered unfavorable for the manufacture of pig iron.
As a result, Communist CHINA abandoned its plans for
large-scale mining in SHANSI Province. Since 1953, Communist CHINA
changed its policy so that ore used as raw n.terial by this steel works
would be composed almost entirely of ore imported from outside the
province. The usage of the ore mined within the province was limited
to supplementary selling by the small-scale private miners. There is
a possibility that the problem of ore supply will greatly restrict the
future development of this steel works.
4. Overall industrial aspect
a. SHANSI Province turned its attention to industrial
development since the establishment of the prewar YEN Hsi-shan
(STC 7051/6932/1472) Government, and in 1922, it distinguished itself
as a model province among the provinces of CHINA under the so-called
Shansi version of the Monroe Doctrine. Thereafter, for a period of
several years, the domestic industries did not show smooth development
owing to the wars between the warlords and peoples? revolutions.
However, taking advantage of the Ten-Year Economic Construction Plan
of SHANSI* Province devised in 192$ and the establishment of the North-
west Industrial Company in 1932, an epoch-making expansion of each
department in industrial mining was started. The in plants that were
either constructed or under construction as affiliated plants of the
Northwest Industrial Company before the outbreak of the Japan-China
Incident in 1937 were as follows:
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(7)
Northwest Motor Vehicle Repair Plant
($)
Northwest Electrical Plant
(9)
Northwest Chemmlcal Plant
(10)
Northwest Coal Mine Plant No 1
(u)
Northwest Cement Factory
(12)
Northwest Ceramic Plant
(13)
Northwest Leather Factory
(14)
Northwest Match Factory
0
(15)
Northwest Paper Mill
(16)
Northwest Woolen Fabtic Mill
These plants were divided into the fields of light heavy
and chemical industries.
After the outbreak of the Japan-China Incident, these
factories and about 20 affiliated factories of the former Pao-chin
Company were placed under the Management of the Hsing-chung Company.
With the succeeding establishment of the Shansi Industrial Co, Ltd in
1942, the 36 factories were placed under its administration.
b. In general, these factories were concentrated in
T'AI-YUAN and its durrounding districts. This indicates that T'AI-YUAN
was being developed as an integrated industrial center, although on a
small scale, from before the war. Particularly the fact that the
machinery industry was developed to some extent in thi s district from
before the war made this location a favorable site for the T'ai-yuan
Iron and Steel Works. After the end of the war and throughout the
Chinese Nationalist period, there were hardly any noteworthy develop-
ments on these factories. However, after it came under the control of
the Chinese Communists and particularly since the commencement of the
First Five-Year Plan, the expansion of the machinery industry in the
T'ai-yuan District became very conspicuous. It is important to note,
however, that although the new machinery plants that were constructed
or were under construction during this period were of great importance
and priority from the National standpoint, plans for the basic con-
struction of steel works which formed the foundation for the former,
were of comparatively small scale. At presant, the reasons for this
situation is not definitely known, but it appears that one of the
reasons was the limitation caused by the raw material situation which
had been mentioned previously.
5. Other aspects
It is observed that since the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
is situated within the second line (west of the Ching-han Line) of the
so-called national defense zone of Communist CHINA, it commands a
relatively favorable position as a national defense industry as compared
to the other iron and steel centers presently located on the continent
of CHINA.
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
N. History
1. Outline
Civil wars occurred in succession from the latter part of the
Ch'ing Dynasty. Each area was controlled by a war lord and the situa-
tion was such that only the fittest (strongest) survived. SHANSI Province
during 1920 was controlled by General YENi-shan, General HAN Fu-eh'u
(STC 3352/1788/3255) controlled SHANTUNG Province beyond NIANG-TZU-KUALA
(37?59'N 113o54'E).
General YEN advocated the Shansi version of the Monroe Doctrine
and strove to expand the provincial power under the banner of "Save the
country through construction and production". First of all, YEN aimed
at developing the rich underground resources within the province and
devised a plan to construct 36 various types of factories with the
T'ai-yuan District as the nucleus. This plan was inaugurated in 192$
as a Ten=Year Economic Construction Plan through technical cooperation
with GERMANY.
The Northwest (T'AI-YUAN) Steel Mill, the predecessor of the
present steel works, was constructed in 1935 as a part of this plan and
it was a provincially-operated ironworks engaged in the Integrated
process of steel manufacture.
In November 1937, the T'ai Yuan Steel Mill was taken over by
the Japanese Army in the midst of its construction. Thereafter, its
construction was continued by the Japanese and by late 1941 the mill
commenced full-scale operation on 'olling, steel manufacturing and
pig-iron manufacturing.
After the end of World War II, the mill was taken over by
the Chinese Nationalist Government and the administration of the mill
again return to the YEN Shi-shan Government (Shansi Provincial Govern-
ment). However, on 19 Apr 49, the mill was taken over by the Chinese
Communist Army. With the establishment of the Chinese Peoples' Republic
on 1 Oct 49, the mill commenced operation as a state-operated enterprise
under the direct jurisdiction of the Iron and Steel Industry Control
Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, the state in which it still
remains today.
2. Administrative transformation
a. Before the war (1935 to November 1937)
(1)
Name of enterprise: Northwest (T'ai-yuan)
Steel Mill
(2) Form of enterprise: operated by SHANSI Province
(3) Affiliation: Northwest Industrial Company
(1i) Capital: Started with a capital of 2,500,000 yuan
(5) Managing executive: P'ENG T'u-hung (STC 1756/
0960/1738), general manager of the company
(6) Operation: facilities under construction; not
in operation
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b. During the war (November 1937 to August 1945)
(1) Japanese Army controlled era (November 1937
to September 1942)
(a) Name of enterprise: Shansi Iron Mining
Industry Plant No b of the North China
Army.
(b) Form of enterprise: Army controlled plant
(c) Affiliation' Japanese Army; managed by
the Hsing-Chung Company.
(d)
Managing executive: OTA Fuunio ,(~ r L
/ L
president; TAKAHASHI Tetsuzo (s'1
plant superintendent
(e)
Operation: construction of facilities coin-
pleted; integrated process of steel manu-
facture (including mining) established
(2) Japanese controlled era (October 1942 to
August 1945)
(a) Name of enterprise: Taiyuan Ironworks
(b) Form of enterprise: private corporation
(c)
(e)
(f)
Affiliation: Shansi Industrial Co, Ltd
(under the control of the North China
Development Co, Ltd)
Capital: capital of the Shansi Industrial
Co, Ltd in October 1942, $0,000,000 yen
Managing executive: first president of the
company, OTA Fumio; second resident,
KAWAMOTO Dai saku (/~J ? 1 "f ) ; ma 11
superintendent, TAKAHASHI Tetsuzo.
Operation: integrated process of steel
manufacture; commenced small section rolling
operation
C. After the end of the war (August 1945 to April 1949)
(1) Name of enterprise: Tsai-yuan Steel Mill
(2) Form of enterprise: operated by SHANSI Province
. (3) Affiliation: Northwest Industrial Company
(4) Managing executive: P'ENG Ttu-hung, general
manager of the company; LIANG Hai-chiao
(STC 2733%31$9/4.255), mill superintendent
( 5) Operation: Same as before the war
Note: 1. The seizure of the mill by the Chinese Nationalist Government
after the end of the war was conducted very smoothly and the
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administration after the seizure was aimost similar to that of
the Japanese era.
2. General manager P'ENG T'u-hu,ng is a graduate of the Waseda
University of JAPAN, and was reinstated to the prewar position
(general manager). Nearly all of the executives in the various
affiliated enterprises of the Northwest Industrial Company during
this period were confidents of P' ENG Vu-hung.
3. There were about 130 Japanese (of whom 30 came from the
Ching-chin District) detained at this mill after the end of the
war and these Japanese were accorded good treatment as technicians.
4. It is claimed that throughout the period before and after the
end of World War II, TAKAHASHI Tetsuzo, mill superintendent
during Japanese control, had been the outstanding person of the
mill from the standpoint of technical, managerial and guiding
abilities. At the beginning of the Japan-China Incident, he was
despatched from the Pen~cht i-hu Coal and Iron Company whi ch was
affiliated to the Okura concern at that tine. In 1937, he took
charge of the seizure of this mill. Since then, despite the
changes in managerial organization and personnel, he remained as
mill superintendent until the end of the war.. Even after the
war, he participated in important internal affairs of the mill
during the period of Chinese Nationalist Management as well as
the early period of the Chinese Communist management. Thereafter,
he was relieved of his position as a result of the antirevolu-
tionary suppression movement and was sent to YUNG-MIEN
(36?42'N 114?43'E) in June 1951. On 28 Oct 52, he passed away
as a result of illness.
(c) Affiliation: Affiliated with the North
China Iron and Steel Company under the
jurisdiction of the North China People's
Government State-operated Enterprise
Department.
(d) Managing executives: LAI Chi-fa (STC 6351/
7139/4099), person in charge of the
seizure and control of the company;
CHANG P' el-hung (STC 1728/1014/3163),
person in charge of the seizure and
control of the mill.
( e) Operation: Same as before the war.
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d. Period of Chinese Communist control (since April 1949)
(1) North China People's Government era (April to
September 1949)
(a) Name of enterprise: T'ai-yuan Steel Mill
(b) Form of enterprise: Public enterprise of
Communist CHINA.
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(2) After the establishment of the Central
Peoples Government (since October 1949)
(a) Name of enterprise: Tsai-yuan Iron and
Steel Works
(b) Form of enterprise: State-operated
enterprise
(c) Affiliation: Iron and Steel Industry
Control Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy
Industry
(d) Managing executives: LI Fei-p-ing
(STC 2621/2!31/1627), first superintendent
(appointed October 1949); PAI Hao
(STC 4101/31$1), second superintendent
(appointed. October 1952)
(e) Operation: Integrated process of steel
manufacture (Excluding mining); commenced
operation on sheet rolling, electric
furnace steel manufacturing and forging
Note: 1. In April 1949, the Northwest Industrial Company was seized
and placed under the control of the Light and Heavy Industry
Seizure and Control Team (headed by LAI Chi-fa) of the T'ai-yuan
City Military Control Committee. At that time, the T'ai-yuan
Iron and Steel Works was seized and controlled by CW NG P' el-hung,
representative of the Army, KUO Chii-ying (STC 6753/1142/2019),
deputy representative, and some 10-odd persons.
2. After the seizure by the Chinese Communists; the steel works,
as a North China People's Government public enterprise, came under
the Affiliation of the North China Iron and Steel Company which
was directly controlled by the North China People's Government
Public Enterprise Department.
3. With the establishment of the Central Peoplets Government in
October 1949, the steel works came under the jurisdiction of the
Iron and Steel Industry Control Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy
Industry and was renamed the State-operated Ttai- man Iron and
Steel Works.
4. The managing staff during Chinese Nationalist control remained
in its position even after the Chinese Communists took control,
but the actual guiding power was taken away. Thereafter, through
purges and antirevolutionary suppression movements the managing
staff was either gradually removed or arrested and subjected to
thought indoctrination.
3. Alteration of facilities
a. In November 1937 when the steel mill was taken over by
the Japanese Army, the productive facilities of the steel mill were still
incomplete with the exception of the workshop and a part of the power
plant. On the whole, 60 to 90 per cent of the steel mill was in the
process of construction.
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b. In 1938, after the arrival of Japanese technicians,
workers of the steel mill were assembled arid their efforts were concenN
traced in the various construction projects. As a result, the power
plant facilities (two 5,000 kilowatt generators) within the steel mill
was completed in summer 1939. In November of the same year, bla st
furnace No 1 (rated capacity, 40 tons) was completed and fired. In
July 1940, operation of the coking plant commenced and in August, the
- by-product plant was established. Furthermore, in November 1940, blast
furnace No 2 (rated capacity, 120 tons) was fired and the manufacture
of pig iron went into full operation. Moreover, in September 1941, the
open-hearth furnace plant and the medium bar mill commenced operation to
bring about the establishment of an integrated process of steel manufac-
ture.
In late 1943, a small bar mill was constructed as an
affiliated plant of the medium bar mill. At about the same time, con-
struction of blast furnaces No 3 and No 4 commenced (both were small
types with a rated capacity of 40tons).. Owing to the progress of war,
steps were taken to meet the sudden increase in the local iron and steel
demands, but in late 1944, the furnaces were bombed by the US Air Force
stationed in CHINA. As a result, the small furnaces were destroyed by
the bombing and the operational efficiency throughout the other depart-
ments dropped conspicuously.
C. Since the end of the war, there has been no big change
in the faciliti es and on the departments of the steel mill throughout
the Chinese Nationalist era (operated by SHANSI Province). During this
period, the managing authorities adopted measures for improving and in-
creasing various facilities in view of strengthening 'the domestic iron
and steel self-sustenance standard. However, the supply of necessary
materials became difficult following the intensification of the civil
war between the Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communists, and the
work on large-scale projects either did not commence or ceased soon
after it commenced. The planning or partial work that had commenced on
the main projects were renovations of the blast furnaces and open-hearth
furnaces and the construction of a new foundry.
d. After seizure by the Chinese Communists, the plan to
fully equip and expand the steel works was given priority with the
objective of making the steel works the largest integrated iron and steel
enterprise in CHINA proper. This steel works was favored by the fact
that it was an inland iron manufacturing site. First of all, the pig-
iron manufacturing facilities were mechanized in 1951, and in 1952, steel
manufacturing plant (open-hearth furnaces and electric furnaces), small
bar mill, sheet mill, coke plant, by-products plant, workshops, and
refractory material plant were newly constructed or renovated. After
1953, the preparation for the First Five-Year Plan was undertaken.
Furthermore, in spring 1953, basic constructions for the electric fur-
nace and foundry were in progress.
During the foregoing procedure, the coastal iron manufac-
turing facilities from SHANGHAI and TANG-SHAN were gradually being
transferred to this works with the intensification of the Korean War.
This move by the Chinese Communists can be said to be worthy of atten-
tion in that it reveals the importance of this steel works from the
standpoint of its location and a part of the Chinese Communist policy
trend toward the construction of inland based iron and steel industry.
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4. Production changes
a. Prior to the outbreak of the Japan-China Incident,
this steel mill was not in operation.
b. In August 1911, around the time the integrated pro-
cess of steel manufacture was established, the production capacities of
the facilities were as follows:
(1)
Pig iron: 60,000 tons a year
(2)
Steel ingot:
50,000 tons a year
(3)
Steel stock:
45,000 tons a year
In 1942 and 1943, each department was operating in full
under normal conditions. The peak production year before the end of
the war was 1942.
C. Since the seizure of the steel mill by the Chinese
Nationalist authorities was conducted in an orderly manner after the
war's end, the transfer of control of each department was made while
normal operation was continued, except for the coking furnace which
stopped operating for several days. However, after the wheat harvest
operation of spring 194, the pressure of the Chinese Communist Army
suddenly increased. In autumn of the same.year, blast furnace No 2
ceased operating because of the lack of raw materials and only blast
furnace No 1 was barely able to continue its operation.
d. After the seizure by the Chinese Communists, the new
management was busily occupied for a time with familiarizing itself with
the operation of the steel works and with recalling of the workers to
the works, reorganizing the workers, and giving political and ideological
training to the workers. In the meantime, an irregular operation was
carried on for training purposes. However, since the raw material
situation turned favorable thereafter, efforts were directed toward a
full scale rehabilitation of facilities and normalization of operation
from August to September 1949?
It seemed that the production activities in the early
stage was mainly aimed at the restoration of production to the level of
the past peak and at the technical training of workers. However, with
the improvement of production thereafter, preparations were made for
the First Five-Year Plan commencing from 1953 by unfolding various forms
of socialistic production struggles and by gradually adopting the opera-
tional system of the USSR.
II. Coke and By-products Department
A. History
1. From the beginning of the construction of the Tt ai-yuan
Steel Mill before the war, plans had already been drawn up for the con-
struction of the coking plant as a priority had for establishing an
integrated process of steel manufacture. Orders for the blueprint of
coke oven No 1 and for the coking plant had ready been placed with a
German trading company before the outbreak of the Japan-China Incident.
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2. By the time of the occupation by the Japanese Army, the
construction of facilities had progressed to the fallowing extent:
a. Coking unit: 90 per cent completed.
b. By-products plant: 60 to $0 per cent completed, with
the exception of the gas suction facilities.
3. Facilities under construction consisted of coal washing,
coke manufacturing, suction and distribution of gas, gas liquid treating,
and by-product recovery facilities. As for the scale, these facilities
were capable of handling 360 tons of raw rterial a day that were charged
into the 36 ovens of the coking unit.
4. With the firing of blast furnace No 1 about that time,
the completion of the coking unit was an urgent matter. For the time
being, coke produced by the heap carbonization method at HSIEN-KANG-CHEN
(3$"53tN 112?32'E) (130 kilometers north of T'AI-YUAN) can the North
Tungpu Line was used in blast furnace No 1-. However, since the raw
material for this coke consisted of unwashed coal, the ash content was
high and affected the output of pig iron. Therefore, raising the
quality of coke through the use of mechanical oven became an urgent
matter.
5. Thus, the construction of the coke plant progressed on a
priority basis. The plants completed in 1940 and placed in operation
were as follows:
a. Coke oven No 1; Completed in July
b. Ammonium sulphate plant and tar plant: Completed in
August
C. Benzol plant: Completed in September
6. The superior coking coal produced in WU-TA'I H sien
(130 kilometers NNE of T'AI-YUAN) seemed to have been anticipated for
use as raw material in to the prewar plan. However, owing to the
aggravation of the lack of public peace and order since coming under
Japanese control? and moreover to the lack of inconvenient transportation,
the use of raw coal produced in HSIEN-KANG-CHEN was decided upon and
large-scale mining was conducted. But, this coal was easily weathered
and at the same time, even the bony coal (mostly clay shale) became
pulverized after about one month of storage. As a result of operations,
it became clear that the lowering of ash content could not be easily
accomplished even though the coal,was washed with the facilities of this
plant. Therefore, the use of Hsien-kang-chen. Coal was suspended after
wasting a tremendous amount of labor and expense.
After making a survey of the coal to be used as raw material,
the coking coal produced throughout the area along the South Tungpu
Line was selected. The main source of supply was the Fu-Chia-t' an coal
mine (130 kilometers southwest of T'AI-YUAN) operated by the Shansi
Coal Mining Co, Ltd. At the same time coal mined privately at CHIEH-
HSIU (36?5$'N 111?54'E), HUNG-TUNG (36?15'N 111?42'E), HSIAO-I
(37?05'N 111?47'E) and NAN-KUAN-CHEN (STC 05$9/7070/6966) (all these
areas are located along the South Tungpu Line) were also purchased and
used. Under Japanese management, the actual production of superior
coke commenced after spring 1941.
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7. At the beginning of the operation, there was a shortage
of skilled workers particularly in heating work, and a great turnover
in workers was caused by strifes among workers of different plants.
As a result, normal operation began after late 1941. Thereafter, pro-
duction gradually increased because of the gradual increase of Japanese
employees and as a result of their guidance. In 1942, the highest pro-
duction result was attained.
$. In 1944, when two srnafl blast furnaces (rated capacity
of one furnace, 40 tons) were additionally installed, the installation
of mechanical ovens was postponed and 50 clamp burning ovens were in-
stalled instead in the open area within the steel works (later, the
number of clamp burning ovens were increased to 90). Due to the shortage
of coal-washing facilities at that time, unwashed coal was used. There-
fore, the ash content was high and the coke extraction rate was poor,
and the operational result of the small blast furnaces was unsatisfactory.
In the latter part of 1944, these furnaces were bombed by the US Air
Force stationed in CHINA and their operation ceased.
9. Aside from the above construction projects, plans were
drawn up for the construction of coal washing plant No 2 and coke oven
No 2, and the expansion of the by-products plant. However, the project
hardly progressed owing to material shortages caused by the .war and
the deterioration of public peace and order. Immediately before the end
of the war, only the foundations for the coal tower and coke oven No 2
had been completed. The new construction plan called for the construc-
tion of one battery of coke ovens (daily capacity of lump coke, 200 tons)
and one coal washer (daily capacity of clean coal, 1,000 tons).
10.. During the beginning of Chinese Nationalist control at
the war's end, the operation result was very poor because of the re-
patriation of a large number of Japanese workers and because of the ill-
feeling expressed toward the Japanese technicians who remained behind.
Thereafter, owing to instructions from higher authorities and increased
confidence in the technical skill of the Japanese, production gradually
began to recover. However, with the intensification of the civil war
between the Chinese Nationalists and Chinese Communists which broke out
soon thereafter, production again started to decline. During this period
plans for the construction of facilities which had been drawn up during
the Japanese management were put into execution. However, only the upper
slab of the base for coke oven No 2 had been constructed when the entire
construction operation ceased following the final attack by the Chinese
Communist Army on 19 Apr 49.
11. Rehabilitation work commenced inmiediately after the
Chinese Communists came into control and in October 1949 operation of
the entire plant was achieved. In February 1950, the Construction
Engineering Office was newly established and the production department
and the construction department were set up separately. The coking
department was entrusted with the construction work on the unfinished
coal washing plant No 2 (daily capacity of clean coal, 1,200 tons),
the coking plant No 2 (daily capacity of lump coke, 400 tons) and the
attached gas washing facilities. In April of the same year, brick-
laying of the coke oven commenced and was completed in October. In late
1950, engineering work for the foundation of the coal washing plant was
stressed, but the progress of the project slowed down because of the
effect of the Korean War. The construction of both plants was finally
completed in September 1952?
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SECFent of the ash specification.
Lowering of the recovery rate through the washing process, however, is
prevented by perfecting the facilities for the recovery of the coal
slurry.
b. Consideration is being given to raise the dryness of
the processed coal and at the same time the difficulty in completely
extracting moisture contents is being covered by increasing the charg-
ing quantity of coal (11 tons of coal for the normal 10 tons).
c a Gas pressure and re gulat ion r o f temperature in the
coke oven
(1)
Pressure for supplying the heating gas:
60 to 100 millimeters on the water column
(2) The temperature of combustion chamber: about
1,250 degrees Centigrade
( 3) The temperature of the carbonization chamber:
1,000 to 1,100 degrees Centigrade
(4) The temperature of gas which passed through
the regenerator is about 300 degrees Centigrade
and the gas is sucked into the chimney flue at
a pressure of about five millimeters on the
water column.
(5)
10. Raw materials
a. Consumption of raw coal -- see Table No 10-10.
b. Supply sources of raw coal
(1)
The temperature of waste gas in the chimney is
about 230 degrees Centigrade and the absorption
pressure is about 15 millimeters on the water
column.
Japanese era
Fu-chia-t'an Coal and Hsi-shan Coal of the
Shansi Coal Mining Office were mainly used.
Also, coal from private mines such as the
Chieh-hs iu, Hung-tung, Hs iao-i, and Nan-kuan-
chen mines along the South T'ung-p'u Line was
occasionally used.
(2) Chinese Communist era
Fu-chia-t' an Coal, which is a superior coking
coal, and Hsi-shan Coal, which is a semicoking
coal, are mixed and used.. Calculating from
the planned output of coke for 1953, the amount
of raw coal needed for that year was about
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4$0 OQO tons. Of this amount, the consumption
of 'u-chia-t' an Coal and Hsi-shan Coal is
estimated to have been 216,000 tons and
264,000..ton5, respectively.
Note : Ta-'t'ung Coal is widely used for general purposes such as for
power generation and for the gas producers.
c. Supply and demand of raw coal
, At the end of the first quarter of 1953, the supply and
demand of raw coal was generally balanced and there was no particular
shortage.
d. Transportation of raw coal
(1) Hsi-shan Coal is transported from PAI-CHIA-
CHUANG to this iron and steel works over the
standard gauge railroad for a distance of
about 20 kilometers by way of the Hsin-ch'eng
Railroad Station.
(2) Fu-chia-t'an Coal is transported to this iron
and steel works over the South Tung-p'u Line
(narrow gauge) for a distance of about 200
kilomete rs by way of the T' ai-Yuan North
St at ion .
e. Proportion of raw coal
(1) Hsi-span Coal (semicoking coal): 55 per cent
(2) Fu-chia-t'an Coal (superior coking coal):
45 per cent
f. Amount of raw coal charged
During the Japanese era, the amount of raw coal charged
into each oven was 10 tons, in accordance with the rated capacity.
After the Chinese Communists took control, it was gradually increased
for the purpose of higher production. In 1951 It was increased
10.5 tons and after 1952, it was increased to 11 tons, which became
the standard amount to be charged.
11. Output of washed coal
a. Annual output -- see Table No 10-10.
From September 1952, coal washer No 2 was put into
operation and the output of washed coal was remarkably increased.
Coal washer No 1 has not been in operation since then.
b. Destination of washed coal
It is mostly used for coke ovens within this iron washer
steel works. Since coal washer No 1 was out of operation, coal
No 2 has been taking care of the washed coal for both coke ovens No 1
and No 2. A very limited amount of surplus washed coal is being pro-
cessed by heap carbonization at the by-products plant for outside sales.
45
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Japanese era
The daily output of lump coke from coke oven
No 1 was about 230 tons.
mlxe
l
the workers as fuel for domestic use. However, most of the bony coal
has been thrown away.
C. Composition of washed coal -- see Table No 10-9.
d. Recovery rate of washed coal
Prior to Chinese Communist control, the recovery rate of
washed coal was about $0 per cent because the sp ecifications were low.
SEC~;~ r
for boiler No 2 and has also been distributed to
d into the fue
After late 1951 following Chinese Communist control. the
specifications were raised and as a result, the recovery rate temporarily
dropped to 65 to 70 per cent. However, with the raising of the quality
of raw coal and recovery of the coal slurry, the recovery rate soon
jumped to about $5 per cent.
12. Coke production
a. Daily output
(1)
10 tons x 0.6~ - 0.70 x 36 x24 hrs x 90 per cent 22$ to 237 tons
Amount ' Coke Number Coking \ Yield rate of
charged yield of frequency lump coke
to each ovens in one
oven day
(2) Chinese Communist era
The planned daily output for 1953 is 450 tons
from coke oven No 1 and 37~ tons from coke oven
No 2, making a total of 82~ tons.
(a) Coke oven No 1
. 11 tons x~. $ x 36 x 24 hours x 0.95 1+50 tons
.- ?" 1s
Amount Recovery /
charged rate Number Coking N. Yield rate
to each of ovens frequency in lump coke
oven a day
(b) Coke oven No 2
11 tons x 0.7~ x 30 x
Amount Recovery
charged to rate
each oven
24 hrs
1
Number
of
ovens
24 hours x 0.92 37C tons
15 hours
N.
Coking Yield rate of
frequency lump coke
in a day
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~ L 4'
b. Annual output
(1) Mechanical ovens -- see Table Na 10-10.
In considering the output of coke oven No 1
which has been in operation from the Japanese
era, its planned output for 1953 was about
twice (159,726 tons) the output of the peak
year ($2,530 tons of lump coke in 1942) in
prewar days. The planned output for 1953 was
a total of 290,000 tons of lump coke for coke
ovens No 1 and No 2. The breakdown had been
computed as follows:
(a) Coke oven No 1
11 tons x 36 x24 hours x 365 x 99 per cent x ($0 per cent - 5 per cent)
16 ours
Amount Number Coking Number Operation Recovery Rate of fine
charged of fre- of efficiency rate coke
ovens quency days
ma in the
day calendar
year
s. 159,726 tons
(b) Coke oven No 2
11 tons x 30 x 24 hours x 365 x 99.2 per cent x (77 per cent 8 per cent)
15 hours
Amount Number Coking Number Operation Recovery rate Rate of
charged of fre- of efficiency fine coke
ovens quency days
ma in the
day calendar
year
131,4 tons
Note: To be exact, the final figures shown above should be multiplied
by the percentage of the products meeting specifications.
(2) C lamp burning ovens
Since there was a shortage of lump coke before
the war's end, about 15,000 tons of clamp coke
was produced from unwashed coal every year.
However, following Chinese Communist control,
a very limited amount of clamp coke is being
produced from washed coal at the by-'products
plant. The actual output of clamp coke in
1952 was about 2,400 tons.
C. Destination of coke
(1)
Throughout the Japanese era and the early phase
of Chinese Communist control, coke output was
generally insufficient. The entire coke pro-
duced here was therefore used within this iron
and steel works.
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(2) During the period from 1950 to 1951 a part of
the coke was occasionally shipped to SHIH-
CHING-SHAI't and SHANGHAI. However, this was
only for a short period and it was soon dis-
continued.
(:3)
(4)
Following the comn>encement of operation of
coke oven No 2 in September 1952, there was a
surplus in the coke supply and a certain
amount of coke was sold to the outside. After
September of that year coke was shipped to the
outside at a rate of one train a day, composed
of ten 30-ton freight cars. During the period
from September to December of that year, the
amount of coke sold to the outside reached
30,000 to 40,000 tons and it was mainly sent
to the Hsuan-hua Pig-iron Manufacturing Plant.
The amount of coke sold to the outside in 1953
was about 100,000 tons and it was reported
that coke was shipped to the pig-iron manufac-
turing plants in HSUAN-HUA and YANG-CH' UAN
and also to various mills in T' AI-YUAN. It
seems that a certain amount of coke was also
shipped to the Shih-thing-shan Iron and Steel
Works .
Coke breeze is consumed at this steel works
as f ue 1 for sintering fine ore.
d. Quality of coke -- see Table No 10-11.
(1)
After the Chinese Communists took control,
both composition and strength of coke have been
greatly improved. The ash content has been
particularly low and in 1953, the ash content
of coke used for blast furnaces was less than
13 pe r ce nt . Owing to h igh-tempe rature d is-
tillation, the coke strength has been raised
and its hardness has been sornwhat increased.
However, the porosity has been somewhat lessened.
The size of coke produced is generally 100 to
150 millims to rs.
(2) Poor quality coke which was produced during
the Japanese era and the Chinese Nationalist
era was dumped in piles about four to five
resters high within this steel works and until
the end of the first quarter of 1953 it was
distributed to the employees as domestic fuel.
e. Percentage of products meeting specification
(1)
Prior to Chinese Communist control, there was
a considerable amount of lump coke which was
rejected as fuel for blast furnaces. The
reason why the pig iron output of blast fur-
naces was not standardized at that time and
was generally poor is believed to be largely
because of the fact that poor quality coke was
used.
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(2) Since the specifications of coke were strictly
adhered to since Chinese Communist control,
the percentage of rejects was greatly lowered.
All the products of ovens which produced re-
jected coke are discarded and are not used as
fuel for blast furnaces.
f. Coking time (from charging to drawing)
Prior to Chinese Communist control, the coking time re-
quired 24 hours. However, since Chinese Corrnnunist control) it has been
considerably shortened.
(1)
In 1952 (actual result)
(a) Coke oven No 1: 17 hours
(b) Coke oven No 2: 15 to 16 hours
(2) In 1953 (planned)
( a ) Coke oven No 1: 16 hours
(b) Coke oven No 2: 15 hours
g. Operating rate
Prior to Chinese Communist control, there were three
inefficient ovens but there were no inefficient ovens under Chinese
Communist control. The planned operation rate for 1953 was 99 per
cent for coke oven No 1 and 99h2 per cent for coke oven No 2.
h. Percentage of coke breeze
The planned percentage of coke breeze for 1953 was five
per cent for coke oven No 1 and eight per cent for coke oven No 2.
is Recovery rate (yield rate)
In the 1953 plan, the recovery rate of coke for the
amount of coal charged was $0 per cent for coke oven No 1 and 77 per
cent for coke oven No 2. Compared to the 66.5 per cent recovery rate
(lump coke) prior to Chinese Communist control, the recovery rate for
1953 is a considerable improvenent even when the percentage of coke
breeze is subtracted.
13. Repair of coke ovens
a. Life span of a coke oven
The life span of a coke oven varies according to its
type. Under normal operation (about 90 per cent of the rated capacity)
it is possible for a coke oven to be used for 15 years. Coke oven
No 1 was initially fired in July 1940 and had been in use for 15 years
by mid-1955? By spring 1953, this oven had considerably deteriorated.
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b. Repair of cold coke oven
Repairs after ovens have cooled differ with the degree
of damages. Past repairs made at this steel works are as follows
(1) At the end of World War II
Since shipment of coal was cut off at the end
of World War II, the ovens were deliberately
cooled. However, the number of cracks on the
walls caused by contraction was very limited.
Three ovens were operating poorly even before
the ovens were cooled; therefore, it was de-
cided that they would be repaired on this oc-
casion. The time required for coating all the
furnace walls and re lining the bricks of the
three ovens (carbonization chambers and re-
generators) was one month during which period
a total of about 450 workers was used.
(2) At the time of seizure by the Chinese
ComMUnists
Since this plant was located directly in the
center of the fighting during the Chinese
civil war, and also because of the fleeing of
the employees, the plant was forced to shut
down operation, which resulted in the rapid
cooling of the ovens. However, since rehabi-
litation work was carried out even before the
ovens were completely cooled, there were no
serious damages.
Note : The three poorly operating ovens, which existed from the eapane~
due
era, initially produced a larger amount of coke breeze
the poor quality coal used as raw material. Consequently, the
coke could not be withdrawn by means of a coke pusher. A coke
pusher was used after about 1.5 to two meters of coke were dug
out from both sides of the ovens by manpower (known as "oven
digging"), Since this was frequently repeated, the oven walls
on both sides became cool and created cracks. The central por-
d
tion became concave because of the great resistance confronts
while coke was being withdrawn by means of a coke pusher
e of the
also caused ovens on both sides to bend. An
above case is shown on Chart No 10-11.
Chemical Plant
1. Affiliation and number of plants
a. Affiliation
The Chemical Plant is affiliated with the Coking Depart-
ment of the Production Office of the Ttai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
b. Number of plants: four (end of the first quarter
of 1953)
(1) Suction plant
(2) Ammonium sulphate plant
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Tar plant (includes extraction of naphthalene)
Benzol plant
These four plants are set up in such a way that an inte-
grated chemical synthesis operation can be carried out.
2. Operations
Suction plant
It draws the gas from the coke ovens and extracts water
and tar contents from the gas. Then after the by-products are re-
covered, the gas is distributed to the coke ovens, rolling mills, and
boilers for heating purposes.
b. Ammonium sulphate plant
The water content which was obtained by cooling the gas
from the coke ovens is fractionated and made into condensed. liquid-
ammonia which is passed through chemical reactions and made into
ammonium sulphate .
C. Tar plant
Tar is distilled and separated into liquid-ammonia, light
oil, middle oil, heavy oil, crude naphthalene, crude anthracene, pitch
and others,
d. Benzol plant
Benzol is drawn out from the gas in light oil. This
light oil is then fractionally distilled to yield benzol.
3. Equipment
a. Disposition of plant facilities -- see Chart No 10-6.
b. Equipment at the suction plant -- see Table No 10-12.
c. Equiprr~nt at the ammonium sulphate plant -- see
Table No 10-13.
d. Equipment at the tar plant -- see Table No 10-14.
e. Equiprr~nt at the Benzol plant -- see Table No 10-15.
4, Improvements and increase in facilities
a. Gas suction and gas scrubbing equipment for coke
oven No 2
The gas suction and gas scrubbing equipmnt are of the
same design as those for coke oven No 1.. One set of these facilities
was additionally installed. Of these facilities, the 2.5-inch gas
pipe was replaced by a three-inch pipe to increase the cooling volume
of the gas coolers. At the same time, large pumps for gas suction were
installed in order to supply gas to the rolling mill?
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The 250-horsepower motors for the gas suction machines
were unused motors which were brought from the Pen-ch'i-hu C oaal ofdthe
Iron Company during the Japanese era. Along with this transfer
motors, the 41-horsepower motor of the gas suction machine for coke
oven No 1 was replaced by a 150-horsepower motor. Consideration is
being given for increasing the capacity of other facilities in com-
parison with the capacity of auxiliary facilities for coke oven No 1
and to cope with the demand for higher production.
b. By-products plant
Since September 1952, the by-products from coke oven No 2
were tentatively sent and processed at the existing by-products nplan .
However, owing to its limited capaclof, buildings
additionally were under installing co
eight
tion in spring 1953 for the purpose
crystallization tanks at the tar plant. Also, two or three additional
oil coolers (spray system) were then under construction at the bentol
plant.
5. Coordination of facilities
The by-products processing facilities under Japanese manage-
ment were designed to cope with an output of 70,000 tons of pig iron
a year and 360 tons of raw materials charged into coke ovens dur fgc,oal
the period of 24 hours.. On the assumption that, for the amount
charged, the standard production rate of armmonium sulphate is one per
cent, tar is five per cant, benzol is 0.7 per cent and crude naphtha-
lene is six per cent of the production rate of tar, (refined products
are 65 per cent of crude products), it seems that the facilities
capable of a certain amount of surplus production.
However, following the additional installation of coke oven
No 2 in September 1952, the facilities were no longer capable of pro-
cessing all the by-products and moreover existing facilities in general
were in a deteriorated condition. Consequently, the lack of balance
in the facilities became conspicuous. To compensate for this short--
coming, an expansion of the byproducts plant was planned in spring
-
1953? However, the execution of this plan was then expected to take
place during the period of the second basic construction phase (the,
second half of the First Five-Year Plan) of this iron and steel works.
6. Operational methods
a. Suction plant -- see Chart No 10-9.
(1)
Condensation and separation of water and tar
The gas produced in the coke ovens has a
considerably high temperature and also con-
tains a large amount of water and tar. This
gas is accumulated in the dry main, cooled by
liquid ammonia, and then indirectly cooled by
gas coolers after passing through the suction
main. During this process, liquids are re-
moved by means of seal pots and the gas is
condensed and separated by means of coolers
and other apparatus,
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(2) Secondary recovery of tar
The gas, which was condensed and separated, is
cooled by the coolers. It is passed through
tar extractor by means of a gas exhauster and
is again sent to a tar extractor where the re-
maining tar is removed,
(3) Recovery of ammonia and benzol
The gas which has been passed through the tar
extractor twice is sent to the ammoniascrub-
bers where the ammonia content is recovered
then sent to the benzol scrubbers where the
benzol content is recovered.
(4) Regeneration of the gas for heating purposes
After recovering all the by-products, most of
the gas is used as heating gas for ovens,
coke for heating furnaces of the rolling ll, for
tar distillation, and for chemical analysis.
(5) Recirculation of liquid ammonia of the dry maul
The liquid ammonia from the dry main is passed
to the separating tank where it is separated
from the tar. It is then sent back to the dry
main by pumps and reused.
(6) Recovered water of the gas coolers
Water which was used in the gas coolers is
sprayed and cooled at the cooling tower and
recirculated into the gas coolers.
b. Ammonium sulphate plant -- see Chart No 10-12.
(1) Processing n~ thod
This is the only plant utilizing the "gypsum
method" in the Orient. The semidirect method
has been adopted in JAPAN and the sulphurous
acid method is used at the plant of the former
Manchut' ia Chemical Co, Ltd in DAIREN. The
method now adopted in JAPAN should be regarded
as the saturation method and must use sul-
phuric acid.
It is reported that in SHANSI Province there
is a comparatively limited amount of sulphuric
acid resources (although surveys on natural re-
sources are still inadequate) but there is an
inexhaustible deposit of gypsum, which can be
used as substitute for sulphuric acid. There-
fore, it is conceivable that this plant adopted
the gypsum method as in the case of RM.ANY.
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The finished product based on this method is
definitely neutral. Therefore, there is no
necessity for neutralization and its purity
is more than 99 per cent. Compared with the
saturation method, the facilities used in this
method seem to be fairly complicated but the
containers do not have to be made entirely acid
proof.
(2) Condensation and separation by coolers
The gas produced in coke ovens is passed through
the suction main to the gas coolers. When the
temperature of the gas is reduced to about 35
degrees centigrade, most of the tar and water
contained in the gas are condensed. On this
occasion, the water absorbs about 30 per cent
of the ammonia in the gas and thereby forms
liquid ammonia.
The condensed tar and liquid ammonia are se-
parated by specific gravity (tar, 1.2; liquid
ammonia, 1.0). Subsequently, tar is sent to
the tar plant and liquid ammonia is distilled
by ammonia stills at the ammonium sulphate
plant.
(3)
(4)
Recovery by ammonia scrubbers
After recovering the tar and liquid a:imonia
by means of coolers, the gas is passed to the
gas exhauster, then to the tar extractor and
finally to the cooler. Here, the remaining
tar which was not extracted during the initial
process through the primary coolers and the
tar extractor installed in front of the gas
exhauster is removed. Subsequently, the gas
is led to the ammonia scrubbers where the gas
is scrubbed through the cold water sprinkling
system. Thus, the remaining ammonia in the
gas is recovered and naphthalene is also re-
moved at the same time.
Formation of concentrated liquid ammonia
The above liquid ammonia merely contains about
0.5 per cent of ammonia. Therefore, a limited
amount of this liquid ammonia is charged into
the still and the still temperature is main-
tained at 100 degrees Centigrade by forcing
steam into the still from its bottom. (Prior
to Chinese Communist control, both liquid lime
and steam were used) . The water is removed
and concentrated liquid ammonia is formed.
The concentration of liquid ammonia is con-
sidered most suitable when it is at 10 to 12
per cent for the purpose of the following pro-
ces3ing operation.
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(5)
Reaction by reactor
The reactor is a container which is equipped
with an agitator inside and which has a conical
top and a cylindrical bottom. The upper por-
tion consists of two layers The concentrated
liquid ammonia is charged into this reactor
and a reaction is obtained by forcing carbon
dioxide into the reactor from its bottom and
charging powdered gypsum from the top while
the concentrated liquid ammonia is being stirred.
As the reaction progresses, the temperature
rises somewhat, therefore the reactor must be
cooled and regulated to maintain a constant
temperature of 45 to 50 degrees Centigrade.
It is believed that during this proce ss, arrr-
monium sulphate is not formulated directly,
but that ammonium carbonate is first formed
from which ammonium sulphate is then formulated.
Expressed in equation form, the reaction is
believed to be as follows:
2NH3 - H2O + CO2 -(42 2 CO3
( NHS,) 2C03 -I- CaSO4 --* (CN4) 2SO4 Y CaCO3
(b) Separation by filter
In this react1o_7, the degree of solubility
of ammonium sulphate is high but the degree
of solubility of calcium carbonate is extremely
low. Consequently, the ammonium sulphate re-
mains liquefied while calcium carbonate forms
a precipitate. This mixture is passed through
a vacuum filter and the calcium carbonate pre-
cipitate is filtered out from the ammonium
sulphate solution.
(7)
Crystallization of ammonium sulphate
The filtered ammonium sulphate solution is sent
through the preheater to the vacuum still where
the ammonium sulphate is crystallized. The
crystalline ammonium sulphate is accumulated
in the ammonium sulphate collector, then placed
in the centrifugal separator which completely
separates the crystals from the basic liquid.
Crystals of anuTionium sulphate. are dried in the
drying room.
C. Ter plant-- see Chart No 10-13.
(1) Preheating by heat exchanger
The tar withdrawn from tar tanks is first sent
to the primary heat exchanger. A hose tube
is installed in the tank of the heat exchanger
and warm distilled gas from the intermittent
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(2)
The Cold
stills flows through this hose tube.
tar which is to be distilled in the following
tube
process flows on the outside of the hose
and is thus preheated. Since the distilled
gas from the stills has been heated to a ter
pe rature of 100 to 300 degrees Centigrade, the
tar is automatica:ay heated to over 100 de-
grees Centigrade. Consequently, the liquid
ammonia and a part of the light oil is eva-
porated and anhydrous tar is formed
Distillation method and temperature
The anhydrous tar is charged into the inter-
mittent still which is gas-heated (handofiring
of coal is also possible) from the b
The tar is gradually heated to remove its oil
content, leavint, only pitch at the end. In the
latter phase of distillation, steam is blown
into the still to aid the distillation
o~ lows The
as
distillation temperature is
(a) Liquid ammonia: up to 100 degrees Centi-
grade
(b) Light oil: 100 to 170 degrees Centigrade
(c) Middle oilo 170 to 270 degrees Centigradh
(d) Heavy oil: over 270 degrees Centigrade
It takes about 30 hours to distill a 20-ton
t
(3)
(4)
(5)
ion
still. Consequently, the dally distilla
output of two intermittent stills is 30 tons.
Regulation of distillation period
The period of distillation is regulated
according to the melting point of pitch. In
the event that soft pitch is desired, dis-
tillation is shortened to leave a certtainhis
amount of oil content in the pitch.
plant, there is a very limited demand for soft
pitch and hard pitch is mainly produced to in-
crease the output of oil (creosote oil) e
for recovering benzol.
Pitch production
After distillation, the remaining pitch is cooled
placed in the pitch cooler. rthen it has
somewhat, it is drawn into the pitch bayand?
naturally cooled and hardened. When it i
be sold to other enterprises, it is dug and
loaded onto freight cars.
Extraction of middle oil and heavy oil
The light oil, midc.le oil, and heavy oil from
stills are somewhat cooled by the secondary
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%.7 4. J i\ _
heat exchanger and again cooled by coolers.
These oils are liquefied, accumulated in re-
ceivers`, and sent to their respective crys-
tallization tanks. These oils, are naturally
cooled for several days at their respective
crystallization tanks. Naphthalene is ex-
tracted from the middle oil and crystallized
anthracene is extracted from the heavy oil.
The oil content is sent back to their respec-
tive tanks.
In separating crystals, the simple sublimation
oven is used and the crystals are indirectly
sublimated (a phenomenon to directly evaporate
solid elements) by steam. Following separation
of crystals, the heavy oil is further processed
by the filter press to remove the residue
anthracene and is then sent to tanks.
(b) Separation of liquid ammonia and light oil
The liquid ammonia and light oil, which were
evaporated in the stills and the primary heat
exchanger, are cooled and separated by their
own separators.
d. Benzol plant
see Chart No 10-13.
(1) Recovery method
In recovering benzol, there are the t'ga_s
cooling method", "absorption method by
creosote oil", and "absorption method". At
this plant, the oil scrubbing method with
creosote oil is adopted. That is, the gas
which had passed through the ammonia scrubbers
is sent to the benzol scrubbers and 90 per cent
of the benzol in the gas is absorbed through
the creosote-oil spray system. This oil which
is called rich of contains two to five per
cent benzol, therefore it is distilled to ex-
tract the benzol.
(2) Extraction of crude benzol
The rich oil is first heated at the heat ex-
changer by the waste oil returned from the
light-oil still. Then, it is led to the pre-
heater, indirectly heated to over 125 degrees
Centigrade by steam, and led to the light-oil
still. In the light-oil still, if the tenr-
perature of waste oil at its outlet is main-
tained at more than 105 degrees Centigrade, the
benzol evaporates from the top of the still
together with the steam. The compound of ben-
zol and water which had evaporated from the
light-oil still is passed to the dephlegn~ter
where the oil and water are separated. Subse-
quently, it is sent to the seiniproces ping still
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(3)
and further distilled to extract the crude
benzol. In the semiprocessing still, it is
indirectly distilled by steam to a temperature
of about 11+0 degrees Centigrade and the formu-
lated distillate is tentatively sent through
the cooler to the tank. This crude benzol is
a compound of benzene, toluene, and. xylolhydro'-
carbon n contains carbon disulphide, unsaturated of pyridine and other chemical op unds.
Extraction of refined benzol
In purifying crude benzol, the common method
was to remove the impurities by washing
crude benzol with concentrated sulphuric acid
and sodium hydroxide. This plant is equipped
with facilities to carry out the above process
but the facilities have not been used to this
date from the Japanese era. This plant is
merely engaged in producing motor benzol which
is used as a substitute fuel. Operation o
the refining s bll is the same as that of the
s~miprocessing still. Howev?r, before the
distillation s,s completed, steam is directly
blown into the still merely to aid the
distillation.
(4) Extraction of toluene
Fractional distillation of toluene was once
commenced in the latter phase of the Japanese
era because of the need for TNT. However,
pure toluenc2 could not be recovered and only
crude toluene of about 7J per cent purity was
extracted. Following Chinese Communist con-
trol, fractional distillation of toluene has
not been conducted.
(5) Disposition of remaining oil
The remaining oil is mixed with the residue
of the semiprocessing still and sent to the
naphthalene crystallization tank. Following
separation of crystals, it is either mixed
with the creosote oil or shipped to the rub-
ber plant as solvent oil.
(6) Regeneration of waste creosote oil
The waste oil which is drained from the
bottom of the light-oil still is creosote oil
which does not contain any water or benzol.
It is sent through the h:;at exchanger to the
. of cooler. After the temperature of the waste
oil is reduced to about 25 degrees Centigrade
it is returned to the benzol scrubbers and
again used for absorbing benzol. Thus, the
creosote oil is repeatedly used but it even-
tuafy becomes viscous and loses its benzol
absorption power. Therefore, it is either re-
distilled or used as an antiseptic.
58
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7. Raw materials
a. Vclume of gas produced by coke ovens
The volume of gas produced is uncertain since there is
n~ gas flow meter. However, considering the volatile content of coal,
it is believed that about 260 to 2$0 cubic raters of gas is produced
for each ton of coal charged. Therefore, it is conceivable that the
volume of gas produced in 1953 reached about 106,600,000 to 114,800,000
cubic meters.
Note: According to the 1953 plan, the amount of clean coal to be
charged was 410,000 tons.
b. Supply and demand of gas
All the coke-oven gas is sent to the by-products plant.
However, only 12 or 13 per cent of this gas is used as by-products
raw material. The volume of escaped gas is unknown. After the by-
products were recovered the gas was distributed in the following pro-
portions in 1953.
(1)
Heating fuel of coke ovens: about 55 per cent
(2)
Heating furnaces at the rolling mill:
{
(3)
Tar stills at the by-products plant:
about
45
(4)
Boilers:
I
per
cent
(5)
Assay room: '
However, gas distribution to the rolling mill was often
sut off because of the insufficient capacity of the gas exhauster.
8. Production
a. Annual output by items -- see Table No 10-16.
Production of carbolic acid was commenced with makeshift
facilities as a countermeasure for the so-called bacteriological warfare
in spring 1952. Consequently, it is not proper to estimate the sub-
sequent annual output of carbolic acid based on its production in 1952?
In addition, there was a plan to produce carbon black but it was never
carried out.
b. Destination and usage of by-products
Of the by-products, nearly all of the a; ~monium sulphate,
pitch, and crude naphthalene (including industrial naphthalene), $0 to
90 per cent of benzol, and 10 to 15 per cent of tar are sold to the out-
side. Ten to twenty per cent of benzol (substitute automobile fuel),
$5 to 90 per cent of tar (distilled to extract creosote oil used for
recovering benzol) and crude anthracene (fuel) are domestically consumed.
59
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB
Note: Light, middle, and heavy oils are mixed and used as creosote
oil for recovering benzol. Crude anthracene is used na converters.
for gas producers at the open-hearth furnace plant
C. Distillation ratio
The distillation ratio at the tar plant is as follows:
1 Light, middle, and heavy oils: 23 per cent
(2) Crude naphthalene: 6 per cent
( 3) Crude anthrace ne : 2 per cent
(4) Pitch (soft and hard): 65 per cent
(5)
Loss: 4 per cent
Note: Figures in Table No 10-16 are based on this ratio.
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
III. Pig-iron Manufacturing Department
A. Affiliation and Number of Plants
1. Affiliation
Pig-iron Manufacturing Department of the Production Office,
T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works
It is under the supervision of the assistant superintendent
for production.
2. Number of plants
There was one blast furnace plant which was divided into the
following three small plants (shops).
a. Blast Furnace No 1 Plant
Blast Furnace No 2 Plant
C. Raw Material Plant
B. History
1, In 1931, YEN Hsi-shan contemplated the construction of
both the pig-iron manufacturing and the coking departments on a priority
basis when the Ttai-yuan Steel Mill, the predecessor of the present
works, was established. When the Japanese troops occupied the mill
in November 1937., ninety per cent of blast furnace No 1 (rated capacity,
40 tons) and about 60 to 70 per cent of blast furnace No 2 (rated
capacity, 120 tons) were already completed,
2. From January 1938, the construction of plants was resumed
by Japanese technicians under the supervision of the Japanese Army.
In November 1939, blast furnace No 1 was completed and fired, and in
November 1940, blast furnace No 2 was completed and fired. Thus the
pig-iron manufacturing department commenced full operation,
3. As the war progr.issed, the demands for steel increased.
In order to meet this demand the construction of blast furnaces (small
furnaces with rated capacity, 40 tons -each) No 3 and No 4 started from
mid-1943 based on the plan of the Japanese government, and their corn
ple tion and initial firing were realized in October 1943. Normal pro-
duction, however, could not be attained because of the worsening con-
ditions in local peace and order and the intensification of bombing
raids by the US Air Force. Since then, for a period of a little over
a year, only 5,163 tons of pig-iron were produced. Two small blast fur-
naces were destroyed in the bombing raid in late 1944. At that time,
blast furnace s No 1 and No 2 did not suffer immediate damage s, but due
to difficulties in obtaining raw materials and shortages of workers,
blast furnace No 1 was forced to suspend operation. in spring 1915.
4. Before the end of the war, the pig-iron manufacturing
department was at its peak in 1942, and the total pig-iron output during
that year was 44,201 tons. At that time, blast furnace No 1 mainly pro-
duced foundry pig iron, and blast furnace No 2 produced open-hearth
pig iron.
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Doe No 90225 (10) (PB)
5? After the end of the war, the seizure of the plants by
the Chinese Nationalist Government was carried out fairly smoothly;
therefore, there was no disruption in the operation of blast fa naace
No 2. ? Blast furnace No 2 re sunsd operation in spring 1946, an
awhile, it was operated satisfactorily, but with the subsequent in-
tensification of the Chinese civil war, shortages in raw materials
s-
occurred. After the wheat harvesting operations in spring 1945, pres-
sure by Chinese Communist troops became intense. In autumnhe94o, blast
if
furnace No 2 was finally forced to suspend
furnae operation
No 1 was barely able
the Fu-Chia-ttan Coal Mine. Only blast
to maintain its operation.
. 6. Under Chinese Nationalist control after the end of the
war, the actual output of pig iron was comparable to about 60 per cent
of that during Japanese control. During this period, steel plates,
pipes, and furnace wall bricks of the two small blast furnaces and
their attached hot-blast stoves which were damaged by bomtingraids
before the war's end were all removed by the ChineseNationalidifferent
authorities because of the shortages of materials and used for purposes, leaving no trace of these facilities behind.
7. On 19 April 49, the plant was taken over by the Chinese
Communist troops. There was no damage to the plant facilities during
the civil war. There was no let up in production even for one day
after the plant was seized. Blast furnace No 2 resumed operation in
autumn 1949? Blast furnace No 1 resumed operation for the third time
in 1950.
C.
Facilities
1.
Principal facilities
10-1$.
a.
b .
C.
Layout of plant facilities -- see Chart No 10-14.
Blast furnace facilities -- see Chart No 10-17.
Hoisting device for blast furnace -- see Chart No
d.
Hot-blast stove -- see Chart No 10-19.
er -- see Chart No 10-20.
Blo
e.
f.
w
Gas-cleaning apparatus
me
Theisen di s inte grate r-type gas scrubber equipped
with combined gas
purification apparatus was installed to absorb dust
from blast-furnace
gas.
(1) Type: Theisen disintegrator-type
(2) Gas purification capacity: 20,000 cubic meters
an hour
Amount of water used: unknown
Amount of electric power used: 150 horsepower
Dust removal ratio: 0.5 gram per cubic meter
0
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2. Accessory equipment
. a. Ore storage yard
This is an open-air storage yard with an area of 200
meters by 300 meters
b. Two crushers
For the purpose of spalling iron ore and limestone,
two new crushers were installed. Each crusher was capable of spalling
25 tons an hour. These crushers were capable of spalling 375,000 tons
of ore which is sufficient for the production of 150,000 tons of pig
iron a :tire ar.
150,000 tons x (1.76 t 0.74) _ 375,000 tons
Pig-iron output Iron Limestone Amount of ore needed
ore to be spalled
However, the actual working hours of the crushers are
reduced somewhat because the fine ore requires no crushing. The maxi-
mum size of the crushed ore is about 90 millimeters.
Note : Before this equipment was installed, the ore was crushed by
hand and transported on dollies.
C. Belt conveyor
The belt conveyor was established in 1951 to transport
raw materials from the ore storage yard to the ore bins.
d. Ore-screening apparatus
It was installed in 1951 to screen crushed ore.
e. Ore-storage bin
It was installed in 1951 as an ore--charging apparatus.
It was equipped with a hopper to supply ore to scale cars.
f. Coke bin
It was newly installed in 1952 as a coke supply facility
and is equipped with a hopper to supply coke to scale cars.
g. Scale car
It was made in GERMANY and can weigh up to about four
tons.
h. Roasting furnace
There were four simple clamp-type roasting furnaces.
Each furnace was capable of roasting 10 to 20 tons of iron ore at a
time.
i. Sintering furnace
A
There were two 4-ton and two 6-ton sintering furnaces .
The daily productive capacity was about 50 tons..
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j. Ladles for hot-metal car
There were two ladles. The capacity was 25 tons each.
3. Removal and destruction of equipment
During the second bombing raid on T'AI-YUAN by the US Air
Force stationed in CHINA in late 1944, eight 250-kg bombs scored near
hits and damaged the small blast furnaces No 3 and No 4. Therefore,
the mill was forced to abandon these furnaces. After the end of the
war, since the attached equipment was removed and diverted for other
uses during both the Chinese Nationalist era and the Chinese Communist
era, their original form was practically gone. The columns (six) of
the blast furnaces were used as supports for the ore belt conveyor
which was installed in late 1951 and the iron plates of the hot-blast
stoves were diverted for use as building materials.
4. Increase and improvement of equipment
a. Improvement of raw material facilities
In the past, the ore was crushed by hand and transported
on dollies. However, the complete rr~chanization of raw material faci-
lities was realized in 1951; such as the installation of belt conveyors,
crushers, screening apparatuses and ore bins. Since the crushed ore is
also sintered and charged into the furnace, the screen is standardized
at 50 mm. In addition, the information concerning the mechanization
of the coke supplying equipment is as previously mentioned.
b. Enlargement of furnace capacity
After the Chinese Conu_nists took control, the thickness
of the brick wall of the furnace was educed to increase its working
volume. The increase in working volume of the furnace due to remodel-
ling is shown on Table No 1,0-17. Along with this remodelling, the
capacity of the hot-well section was also increased conspicuously. The
working volume ofblast f\irnace No 2 is also being enlarged under a similar
method, but it was impossible to ascertain the true figure of the en-
larged working volume of the furnace. The second repair work on blast
furnace No 2 since the Chinese Communists took control was expected to
be conducted after May 1953. However, during the course of this repair
work, there were no plans to increase the working volume furnace. It
can thus be construed that the inner capacity had already been enlarged
to the limit during the initial repair of the said blast furnace.
C. Enlargement of the tuye re
After the Chinese Communists Came into control, it be-
came possible to increase the blast volume by enlarging the diameter of
the tuye re .
d. Increase in blower capacity
After the Chinese Cor~munists came into control, the pig-
iron output of blast furnace No 2 was increased by 20 to 30 per cent
with the use of blower No 4 (1, 500 hp) . Blower No 3 (B00 hp) was used
in place of blower No 4 while the latter underwent routine repairs (for
six days a month). During this period, the daily output of pig iron
decreased from an average of 300 tons (when blower No 4 is used) to
about 50 to O tons.
64
IGN NATION\
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5. Defects in layout of equipment
The site area of the blast furnace plant is very limited, i
then fore there is no room for expansion. The power plant is located
on the western side, and the area to the west of this power pl ntf the
an unusable depressed area. The area south of the forrr>er s ite
small blast furnace is a lowland that cannot be used except as atrub-
bish dump. There are plants established to the north and east,
fore the only space for additional facilities is limited to the former
site of the small blast furnaces and its vicinity.
6. Coordination of equipment capacity in relation to other
affiliated departments
a. Coordination with the coke department
(1) In the latter part of the first quarter of
1953, the capacity of the coking equipment was
290,000 tons. Taking the coke ratio of 1.13
as the standard, it is sufficient for the
production of 250,000 tons of pig iron. Con-
sequently, the production of 151,250 tons of
pig iron planned in 1953, and even the pro-
duction of 200,000 tons of pig iron planned
for the future clearly indicates the relative-
ly low pig iron production capacity.
(2) The coefficient of effective utilization of
the working volume of the blast furnaces in
the lat to r part o f the fir st qua rte r of 1953
was 1.0 to 0.9. In the near future, there is
a possibility of improving it to 0.7. In
such case, the pig-iron output will reach the
230,000-ton level. At the same time, however,
the coke ratio will also be sure to drop so
that the imbalance in equipmnent capacity in
re lat ion to the coke de partme nt will probably
continue for some time.
(3) The pig-iron manufacturing goal of the iron
and steel works in the latter part of the First
Five-Year Plan was said to be 300,000 tons.
Even on the part of the coke departn;ent, the
ne1-T construction of coke oven No 3 is said to
have been contemplated during this period.
. Therefore, an imr~alance in the output of coke
and pig iron would probably continue for quite
some time . The fact that the plan for the
outside sale of coke by this iron and steel
works is reported to have permanency can be
said to confirm the situation of this period.
b. Coordination with the steel manufacturing department
(1)
The steel output of this iron and steel works
under the first plan of 1953 was 130,000 Mons.
This planned amount, however, was a conserva-
tive estimate because the expected importation
of crane equipment was delayed. It can be
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seen definitely that if the crane eqipnent
arrives and the attached facilities are im-
proved, 170,000 tons f steel can be produced.
If tappins can be carried out four times a
day, it would be possible to produce 15,000
tons of steel in the future with the three
existing open-h.,arth furnaces.
The amount of molten pig iron charged in the
latter part of the first quarter of 1953 was
~;o0 kg to ;ach ton of steel produced. If this
is considered as the standard, then the amount
of molten pig iron ne=;ded to make 170,000 tons
of steel would be 136,000 toes, and 148,000
tons of molten piiron would be needed to
make l5,000 tons of steel. In both cases, it
can be assurled that the steel output is roughly
balanced with the planned amount of pig iron
output for 1953.
(2) Around April 1953, ,plans for the con~:truction
of an additional two open-hearth frnaces
(capacity, 50 tons e,,ch) had already been
materialized. The realization of this plan
increases the steel manufacturing capacity of
this works by 70 r r cent as compared to the
production level of 1953. Therefore, the
amount of molten pig iron needed within the
iron and steel works would be about 230,000
tons, and including the production amount of
foundry pig iron and chilled pig iron, about
300,000 tons of pig iron would be required.
Since the above figure matches perfectly with
the pig-iron production goal of the works for
the latter part of the First Five-Year Plan, it
can be said that the production of pig iron and
steel was woll balanced throughout this period.
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0
t furnaces when the effective
i1~ot~, ~ . 1 The anticipated ective capacity utilization
. ,~ output of the existing blas f
,
coefficient 0.7 can bo computed as follows:
is Effective Calendar Rate of ?Accept~nace Annual output Effective Utilization capacity operation rate ton
coefficient days oiler.,, (m3/ton/day)
ni..a+ ri1rr~fe 158
approximately
No 1
Blast furnace
No 2
Total
231,100
2, The basis for ca tons of tha existin
ca (170,000 ~ calculating the steel manufacturing paccte
--11 arth furnaces is as follows:
open
~ Output
Steel output
Number of Calendar Rate of Acceptance Number of each t lrt~ times a day days operation rate furnaces ton
,
ton
- approximately
$ x 3 ~
50 x ho r 365 x 0.5 x 0.9
us x
170,000
.4 hours
292 i 0,7 x 365 x 0.99 x 1.00 _ approximately
150,800
0.7 x 365 x 0.99 x 0.99
d
0
n
z
0
~o
0
N
V1
r
0
tb
rn
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C)
rn
the plan f
required an
3 The amount of molten pig iron or 1953 is as follows.
P
v~
!tllI
Planned amount of Amount of molten pig Acceptance Amount of molten pig
o
rate charged per ton of needed ton
> steel ton
r' steel output ton
W
$ approximately 106,000
0 s000
$ x
130,000 0.9
2;
? N
o
Ifl r
I21' output in 1953 ,
iron and chilled pig iron out is as follows:
p
Computation of found i ro
~' p~
~ Comu a~
I ~ p v
Foundry Pig iron and chilled
1i .
~ Planned amount of Amount of molten pig
r ron output ton
pig iron ton needed ton pig i o
r 151,250 .. 106,000 .. approximately 45,000
r~
Cl)
o
H
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d. Hot-blast stove operation
Normally, three hot-blast stoves are attached to one blast
furnace, of which one is used for air-blasting and the other two for
heating. Blast-furnace gas is used for as fuel for heating. The hot
air regenerated by heating is mixed with cold air and blown into the
blast furnace. However, when the air temperature drops to a prescribed
temperature, the source is switched over to the next regenerated hot-blast
stove. The blasting duration of a hot-blast stove is about two hours.
3. Improvements in operational methods
There is no particularly new operation method, but from the
historic development of production, the following points cart be pointed
out.
69
D. Operational Organization of Labor
See Chart No 10-15
E. Operational Method
1. Operational process -- see Chart I'Jo 10-16
The operational process shown on Chart No 10-16 was put ~Unti1
force in 1951 after the ore-processing facilities were mechanized.
then, the ore was crushed and screened by hand and transported on dol-
lies. Even after 1951, the coke-manufacturing process has been gradually
improved along with the completion of various facilities. For instance,
in regard to the method of conveyance from the coke storage bin to the
hoisting apparatus, plans for electrifying the cars was taking shape in
spring 1953, but it had not as yet been carried out.
2. Notes on the operational methods
a. Roasting f urnace (clamp-burning type ) processing
Iron ore produced at WU-AN and LI-KUO is magnetite.
Therefore, to simplify the spalling, the lump ores are sorted out at the
ore storage yard and roasted in the clamp-burning type roasting furnace.
Lump coal is burned on the ground and lumcsof ore are piled around it,
then coal is piled on this ore. About 10 to 20 tons of ore is roasted
in this manner by natural drought.
b. Number of tappings and removal of slag
Each blast furnace is tapped eight times a day. Slag is
removed one hour after each tapping.
C. Processing of pig iron
In the case of foundry pig iron, the hot rr~tal is cast in
the sand bed in front of the furnace. In the case of open-heath pig
iron, the hot metal is first poured into the ladle (25 tons) and then
charged into the open-hearth furnace. A portion of the remaining hot
metal is made into molded pig iron and is also used in the open-hearth
furnace. The open-hearth pig iron used at this iron and steel works
mainly consisted of hot metal and partially of chilled pig iron. During
the Japanese era, the usage of hot metal was comparatively limited because
work coordination between the blast furnace and the open-hearth furnace
was not well maintained owing to production conditions on both sides.
[SPECIAL TA D NOT !ELEASAELE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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_p ?, ' E
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
a. Strict sizing of ore
To maintain the furnace in good condition, the size of
the ore was standardized at 50 millirr ters. Neither excessively large
nor excessively small ores were charged into the furnace. For this
reason, special care was given to the roasting of hard large ore for
easy spalling and to the sintering of fine ore before charging. The
original blast furnace No 2 and blast furnace No 2 after its first re-
modelling had a tendency of frequently forming scaffolds, but due to
the thorough sizing of ore and an increase in the volume of air blast,
it became possible to enforce efficient operation from late 1950.
b. Increase in the volume. of air blast
The $00-hp blower for blast furnace No 2 was used until
the early part of the Chinese Communist era, but from about 1951, it
was replaced by a 1,500-hp blower. As a result, the draft in blast
furnace No 2 has become very effective and production has increased by
20 to 30 per cent.
C. Utilization of superior grade ore
Until about 1950, low-grade ore (iron content, 40 per
cent) produced in SIENSI Province was used, but after 1951 the amount
of pig-iron output has increased considerably with the utilization of
rich ore obtained from other provinces. It may safely be said that the
increase in production after 1952 is mainly due to this rich ore
supply. After spring 1952, a movement for qualitative improvement was
begun and a strict demand for standard-size ores was made to the mines,
which brought about highly effective results.
d. Improvement in the quality of coke
It is needless to say that the quality of coke has a
great effect on the output of pig iron. At this iron and steel works,
the ash contest of coke is limited at 11 to 12 per cent. Coke having
more than 13 per cent ash content is considered below standard and is
prohibited from being used in the charge. The size and structural
strength of the coke are also clearly specified and the use of coke
not meeting these specifications is not permitted.
Note : 1. It is common knowledge that the increase of one per cent
in ash content in coke increases the coke consumption by two
per cent in the blast furnace and decreases the pig-iron output
by three per cent.
2. The ash content of coke during the Japanese era was more
than 17 per cent.
3. Since Chinese Commmunist control, coke was expended rather
wastefully in an attempt to increase production and rationaliza-
tion in heat control was inadequate.
e. Measures taken to prevent scaffolding of charges
When scaffolding of charges occurred in the blast furnaces,
moderate measures were taken during the Japanese era, but under Chinese
Communist management, dynamite was used under the guidance of Soviet
specialists to facilitate the dropping of materials within the furnace.
70
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t SPECI AL
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
f. Importance of slag component
During each inspection tour, the percentage of slag is
the chief concern of the Soviet technicians. The above is believed to
indicate that they are paying close attention to the charging of raw
materials for the purpose of regulating furnace conditions and to t he
ensuring of the quality of the pig iron produced.
g. The int~'oducticn of Soviet techniques
Soviet techniques were fully adopted after 1952. Wnen
Soviet specialists carry to inspect the plant in autumn 1949, they
pointed out the fact that blast furnace No 2 must produce 300 tons of
pig iron. At that time, only 120 tons of pig iron was being produced,
by this furnace and the plant technicians were very much surprised, to
say the least, at such an impossible suggestion. However, the effective
working volume of the said furnace was 292 cubic meters and in late
1952, 290 to 320 tons of pig iron were produced daily. Therefore, it
has been proven that the output of 300 tons was nothing to be so amazed
about.
Friction arose at times between the Soviet technicians
and the Japanese technicians because of divergent technical views. For
instance, in late 1951, the scaffolding of charge occurred twice in
blast furnace No 2. In regard to this instance, there was a difference
of opinion between the Soviet specialists who came from PEKING and the
detained Japanese technicians, and sharp disagreements arose. The
Soviet specialists severely criticized the Japanese pig-iron manufac-
turing technique as belonging to the eighteenth centur4r, but in the end
the Japanese views were accepted and the furnace was repaired. The
Chinese Communist authorities were highly concerned over this incident,
and after late 1951, Japanese technicians were transferred to t he basic
construction department or to other factories which were backward in
technique. The above is believed to be the step taken before the over
all introduction of Soviet techniques after 1952.
71
SPECIAL 1iA U' ING REGI I RED NOT BELEAS! BLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
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i,t
Sl._4:~&_ i
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
2)
(3)
During Chinese Nationalist control
The iron ore used during Chinese Nationalist
control was much the same as that used during
Japanese control, but due to the state of
peace and order in the district concerned,
ore was obtained only from TING-HSIANG,
TUNG-SHAN, HSI-SHAN, and SHOU-YANG.
During Chinese Communist control
At the beginning, iron ore produced in SHANSI
Province was used as in the past, but due to
the poor grade and limited output of this ore,
the supply source was gradually shifted to
the rich ore found in other provinces. In
other words, the above change came about be-
cause demands created by the sharp increase
in pig iron output from late 1950 through
1952 could not be net.
In regard to iron ore produced in other pro-
vinces, the Lung-yen and Wu-an ores were
first obtained in late 1950 and used together
with several varieties of iron ore produced
within the province. In early 1952, however,
the Lung-yen product (hematite) was mainly
used together with the ore produced at WU-AN
(magnetite), LI-KUO (magnetite), and TLJNGr-
SHAN ( iron ore found in SHANSI Province).
Under the 1953 plan, the supply of raw material
depended almost entirely on ores from other
provinces. Under the initial phase of this
plan, the entire amount was supposed to con
from LUNG--N, WU-AN, and LI-KUO, but later
from the standpoint of regulating th3 demand
and supply throughout the country, the plan
was revised so that iron ore produced within
the province would be used at the same time,
although the amount was very limited.
In this case, Tung-sham ore seems to be the
only locally-produced ore that can be utilized.
The said ore was mined by hand at the begin-
ning of 1952, and the daily output was about
100 tons. Horse carts were used to transport
the ore from the mine.
At one time, iron ore produced at TING-HSIANG
in SHA:aI Province was widely used. However,
since the ore contained mica; it flattened
out when crushed and lowered the pig-iron
production efficiency by cutting down the
draft within the furnace. In addition, due to
some errors in digging, the redevelopment plan
which was expected to be carried out during
1950 and 1951 also was abandoned in the midst
of operations.
73
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S r ~,.
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
The amount of ore supplied by LUG-YEN had
already reached one hundred and several ten
thousand tons in 1952, and this iron and stl
works is the largest eonsurr r of this ore.
The proposed purchasing amount of iron ore in
1953 is shown on Table No 10-21.
b. Coke
This works has attained full self-sufficiency by using
the coke manufactured in its own coke plant. At the beginning of Chinese
Communist control, a partial supply of h3ap carbonized coke was received
from CHING-HSING and LU-AN, but it was not long before this purchase was
halted.
c. 1ecovered pig iron
Rejected pig iron is at t Imes recharged into the blast
furnace as recovered pig iron, but since the acceptance rate of pig
iron is more than 90 per cent, the volume of rejected pig iron is very
small.
d. Limestone
Inexhaustible deposits of good quality limestone are
found in the Tung-shan and Hsi-shan areas. The source of supply is con-
sistent and has remained unchanged since Japanese control. Limestone
produced at hSI-3HAN is transported by rail, whereas limestone from the
Tung-span Mine is transported by horse-drawn wagons.
e. Manganese
(1) During Japanese control
Manganese ore from the Ching-lo Mine ($0 km
northwest of T'AI-YUAN) was used, and occasicnal-
ly iron ore (Manganese content, seven to 10 per
cent) from the Chou-yang Mine was mixed with
the above ore. High-grade ore from INDIA was
used before the Pacific War. The manganese
ore from the Ching-lo Mine was of good grade
and contained more than 40 per cent manganese,
but the highest amount of ore dug during one
year was about 2,000 tons.
(2) Under Chinese Communist control
Just as was done during the Japanese era,
efforts have been made to obtain manganese by
using ore produced at the Ching-lo Mine, by
mixing this ore with iron ore produced at
3 OU-YANG, or by mixing this ore with specular
iron manufactured at the Yang-chtuan Pig-iron
Manufacturing Plant or ferromanganese from the
Northeast Area. However, from 1952 through
1953, it seems that manganese ore (L'langanese
content, 32 to 35 per cent) frora LO-P I I:JG in
KIA1uG3i Province was mostly in use. The amount
of ore dug at the Ching-lo Mine was about five
tons a day in 1950, but this ore appeared to
be very near to being exhausted.
74
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4 41 F1
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
f. Fluorite
Prior to Chinese Communist control, fluorite produced at
WU-CH'i NG-CN (37?251i~ 111?26'B) (halfway between FEN-YANG L37?16'N
111?47';7 and LI-$IIH /37?29 'N 111?04 ') in the southern part of SHANSI
Province was initially used, but later it was replaced by fluorite from
the Tsingtao district. However, under Chinese Communist control, digging
of fluorite from the Wu--ch'eng-chan mine was resumed. Fluorite in this
district is a reticulate ore of inferior quality. The mining method was
primitive, and the daily output in August 1949 was about 200 tons. Later,
it was replaced. by fluorite from the Tsingtao district.
2. Volume of various raw mat?rials consumed
a. Consumption rate of raw materials
(1) Iron ore
At the beginning of 1950, the ore ratio was
about 2.5, but with subsequent improvement in
the ore quality, the ore ratio was expected to
be 1.76 under the 1953 plan.
2) Coke
The coke ratio under the 1953 plan was set at
1.13.
(3) Limestone
In spring 1952, about 500 kilograms of lime-
stone were consumed for each ton of pig iron
produced. With the subsequent use of iron ore
(magnetite; p~iosphorus ore) from WU-AN and
LI-KUO, the consumption rate of limestone has
increased to X00 kilogram for each ton of pig
iron produced under the 1953 plan.
(1) Iron ore
75
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The planned consumption volume in 1953 is the
sum of the planned purchase amount of ore
(264,000 tons) from other provinces shown on
Table No 10-21 and the planned consumption
volume of the ,r3ry small amount of provincial
ore. However, since an accurate figure of the
planned amount of consumption of provincial ore
is unknown, it is impossible to point out ac-
curately the proposed gross amount of the said
year.
Note: 1. Since it is said that only a relatively small amount of pro-
vincial ore is consumed, it would probably be safe to assume that
the proposed amount of purchase of ore from other provinces is the
planned consumption volume for the said year.
Volume consumed
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB )
2. With Table No 10-21 as the basis, the average quality of ore
from other provinces can be computed as follows:
a.
Lung-yen ore 147,000 tons x 0.55 (Fe)
(Fa) 8C,B50 tons
b.
Diu-an ore 71,000 tons x 0.58 (Fe) ` (Fe) 42,920 tons
c.
d.
Li-kuo ore 43,000 tons x 0.59 (Fe)
Total (Fe) 149,140 tons
(Fe) 25,370 tons
149,140 tons 264,000 tons . about 0.565 (Fe)
(Fe) (Gross tonnage
of ore)
On the other hand, the equation will be 1. Qu = 0.56 (Fe) if the
l.7~
ore ratio (1.76) under the 1953 plan is used in the calculation.
It is believed that the resulting difference in the above two
calculations may be attributed to the following conditions:
a. Although a very small amount, low-grade provincial ore
is included in the planned consumption.
b. About 93 per cent of iron, four per cent of calcium,
one per cent of silicon, and some amounts of manganese and
other elements are contained in the pig iron. A small quantity
of the iron content in the ore is mixed with the slag and dust
and is lost
(2) Coke
If the planned amo~int of coke consumption for
1953 is calculated from the abovementioned
coke ratio, it would be as follows:
151,250 tons x 1.13 171,000 tons
Amount of pig Coke Amount of coke consumed
iron accepted ratio
Note: Lump coke of less than 13 per cent in ash content is used.
(3) Limestone
When computing from he planned consumption
rate (800 kg per ton of pig iron produced
will be 0.8) for 1953, the planned amount of
consumption of limestone for the same year
is as follows:
151,250 tons x 0.8 w 121,000 tons
Amount of pig Limestone Amount of limestone
iron accented consumption consumed
rate
(4)
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Manganese ore
About 30 to 40 kilograms (Consumption rate,
3 to 4 per cent) of manganese ore from LO-
P'ING are needed to produce one ton of pig
iron. Therefore, the consumption volume of
manganese or during 1953 is estimated to be
about 5,000 tons.
Z~
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PH)
0 3. Charging of raw materials
a. Volume of a single charge -- see Table No 10-22
Volume of a single charge is based on the amount of coke
and the amount of iron ore and limestone charged are calculated in
proportionate to the amount of coke. The amount charged and the type of
raw materials charged depends upon the condition of the furnace.
b. Number of charges per day -- see Table No 10-22
C. Charging order
iron ore is charged simultaneously with coke and lime-
stone, and according to the condition of furnace, a suitable amount of
manganese is charged at thright time.
G. Production
1. Daily output
a. During Japanese control
In the most productive years of 1912 and 1943, the daily
output nearly equaled the rated capacity. On the whole, however, the
daily output was about $0 to 90 per cent of the rated capacity. In
other words, the daily output of blast furnace No 1 was 35 to 40 tons
and that of blast furnace Not was about 100 tons,
After October 1940 when both blast furnaces No 1 and No 2
were in operation, blast furnace No 1 produced foundry pig iron, and
blast furnace No 2 produced open--hearth pig iron. However, in 1945,
blast furnace No 1 was blown out, and thereafter, the t~-pe of draft pig
iron to be produced was decided by the conditions at the time. Under
the previously mentioned conditions, small blast furnaces No 3 and No 4
were incapable of much production until they were bombed and blown out
in late 1944?
b. During Chinese Nationalist control
Both blast furnaces No 1 and No .2 were in operation, but
their daily output seldom exceedCd that during Japanese control. Fol-
lowing the "Wheat-harvest Operations' in spring 194E, the Chinese Commu-
nist Army intensified its pressure and blast furnace No 2 which was the
main production cog had to suspend operation because of the shortages
of raw materials in autumn 194E.
C. Under Chinese Coimnunist control
During the period between autumn 1949 and early 1950,
blast furnace No 1 produced about 40 tons of pig iron daily and blast
furnace No 2 produced about 120 tons of pig iron daily. This amount did
not differ much from the output during Japanese management. Scaffolding
of charges occurred frequently during the operation of the original and
first remodelled blast furnace No 2. Particularly frgm the early part to
the middle of the first remodelled blast furnace No 2 period (Autumn 1949
to May 1953), the efficiency dropped a little due to scaffolding of the
charges. In winter 1950, due to damages to the hearth, the furnace was
banked for more than a week because of damages to the hearth. However,
77
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
from late. 1950 through 1952, the production of pig iron became favorable,
and thereafter, production started to increase. The charges in daily
output during the foregoing period is shown on Table No 10-23.
2. Annual output -- see Table No 10--24
a. During Japanese control
The peak production was in 1942 when 44,201 tons were
produced (Blast furnaces No 1 and No 2 were in operation).
b. During Chinese Conmiunist control
Production increased rapidly during the Antirevolution-
ary Suppression Movement of 1951, and the Three--anti arid Five-anti
movements of 1952. The total output of blast furnaces No 1 and No 2
in 1952 was more than 130,000 tons. The output consisted mainly of
open-hearth pig iron with 30 per cant foundry pig iron.
The planned production for 1953 was 151,250 tons.
This amount can be computed as follows:
(1) Blast furnace No 1 (Normal operation)
Effective
capacity
(i11))
Utilization Calendar
coefficient days
(m3/ton/day)
Operating Acceptance Annual
rate rate output
(ton)
158
0119 x 365
x 0.99 x 0.99 = 62,300
(2) Blast furnace No 2 (Blow out was planned)
Blown
out
LirLited
produc-
da;rs
t ion
days
292
1.0 x (365 - 52 -
30)
0.99 x
1.0,E = $1, X00
Limited
;hisnber of
Annual out-
produc-
days pi
eu during
n9n-produc-
tion
iron not
tion period
days
produced
(ton)
292 -
1.25 x
(30 -
0.5) x
0.99 x
1.00. 6,650
Distribution of pia iron
. a. During Japanese control
Under the integrated proces.. of steel manufacture, the
greater part of the pig iron output was supplied to the steel maufac-
turing department of the works, but a portion was sent to the central
plant (the present Trai-yuan Machinery and Tool Plant).
b. During Chinese Communist control
Considering the actual output of 91,000 tons of steel
in 1952, the amount of molten pig sent to the steel manufacturing
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
department of the works is estimated to be 72,000 tors. Therefore, it
can be surmised that approximately 60,000 tons are principally sold
outside as chilled pig for open-hearth use and foundry pig iron. Foun-
dY-y pig iron is sent to the machiner:?plants in T'AI-YUAN, TIEicTSIN, and SHA GHAI. It has been said that the output of foundry pig iron in 1952
is 30 per cent (about 40,000 tons) of the total pig iron output of more
than 130,000 tons.
The planned steel output of the works in 1953 is 130,000
tons. The amount of molten pig iron required for this output is ti-
mated to be i0b,000 tons (see Note 3 under III, C, E, b in this chap-
ter). The amount of chilled pig iron that can be sold outside is about
50,000 tons (mostly foundry pig iron). The amount of outside sale is
slightly below the figure of the previous year. The planned amount of
steel manufacture for 1953 is said to have been reduced by 15,000 tons
due to delay in the rebuilding of facilities attached to the open-
hearth furnace. Therefore, it can be imagined that the amount of out-
side sales of pig iron has almost r~ach~d the same level as that of
1952.
4. Grade and specifications
After the Chinese Communists took control, the specifications
for open-hearth pig iron ranged from No 1 open-hearth pig iron (Silicon
content, less than 1.0 per cent; Manganese, 0.$ to 1.5 per cent;
Sulphur, less than 0.05 per cent; and Phosphorus, less than 0.5 per cent)
to No 3 open-hearth pig iron (Silicon content, 1.25 to 1.50 per cent;
other elements are the same as that of No 1 pig iron).
Until spring 1952, the No 2 open-hearth pig iron constituted
most of the pig iron produced and there were some that fell short of
the specifications. However, from the latter half of 1952, the quality
was improved considerably, and the pig iron produced contained 0.7 to
1.2 per cent silicon, about 1.0 per cent manganese, and a very small
quantity of sulphur. Thus, No 1 open-hearth pig iron constituted he
bulk of the pig-iron output.
The foundry pig iron is also graded from No 1 foundry pig
iron to the No 3 foundry pig iron. The No 1 foundry pig iron contains
2.75 to 3.5 per cent silicon, 0.5 to 1.0 per cent manganese, and 0.05
per cent sulphur; whereas the No 3 foundry pig iron contains 1.5 to
2.25 per cent silicon, 0.5 to 1.0 per cent manganese, and 0.06 per cent
sulphur.
Based on the silicon content, it ca. be said teat these spe-
cifications are intermediate between the specifications used in the
UN1T~D STr:TES and the li $SR. Moreover, for details, refer to a list of
temporary specifications of products under XI of this chapter.
5. Percentage of products meeting specifications
The percentage of products n eting specifications in the 1953
plan was as follows:
a. Blast furnace No 1: 99 per cent
b. Blast furnace No 2: 100 per cent
It can be 'construed that the above figures include the
flexibility of applying other standards to tiose goods of poor quality
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which occasionally appear. Blast furnace No 1 produces both foundry
and open-:learth pig iron. During its conversion period, however, pig
iron that was intermediate in composition between foundry and open-
hearth pig iron was at times produced. It is said that even this pig
iron can be used in most cases.
6. Effective working volume utilization coefficient of blast
furnace.
a. The results of 1952
(1) Blast furnace No 1: about 0.9
(2) Blast furnace No 2: about 1.0
be The plan for 1953
The Iron and Steel Industry Control Bureau of the
Ministry of Heavy Industry has called upon the works to rain the planned
effective utilization coefficient of blast furnace No 2 to 0.9. As a
result of studies made, the works established the coefficient of blast
furnace No 1 at 0.9 and that of blast furnace No 2 at 1.0 by using the
results of the preceding year as the basis.
Note: In 1952, the coefficient of the small blast furnace at YANG-
CH'IJAN was 0.5, and the one at P ;N-CH'f, was honored as the
national model. However, it was reported that the best monthly
average in 1952 was 0.6715 and the best record was 0.613.
7. Ope rat in_ g rate
The operating rate of both blast furnaces No 1 and No 2 as
planed for 1953 is 99 per cent. The suspension of operation of one
per cent is due to barking of a furnace. The cleaning of bloytirs is
the principal factor for the suspension of operation.
Since blast furnaces No 1 and No 2 are both equipped with
reserve blowers, the actual barking of furnace takes only about six to
seven hours even during the regular monthly repair (f'or six days).
However, there is a difference in capacity between the
regular blower and he reserve blower. Therefore, the efficiency of
pig-iron manufacture decreases while the reserve blower is in use.
For instance, in the case of blast furnace No 2 the average pig-iron
output was 300 tons a day when the regular blower was used, but when the
reserve blower was used, it decreased to 220 to 250 tons a day (in
early 1953)?
Note: In JAPAN, it seems that the average number of work days for the
year is calculated by the following method: the number of days
.required for major repairs during the life of the furnace is
divided by the number of durable years of the furnace to arrive
at t he average number of days annually required for major repairs.
This number is used in calculating the average number of annual
work days of the blast furnace. However, in Communist CHINA, the
foregoing method was not used. Calculation of the number of
annual working days is based on the actual nu_rrd er of working days
Tox each year. Therefore, the total number of days required for
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nwnber of calendar days of
major repairs is subtracted from the
the year in which the repair was carried out or the specified
year in which the repair work is expected to be carried out. It is believed that such a method is only logical In the carry-
ing out of a planned economy. See under III, G, 2, b of this
chapter for an example of this calculation.
$. Slag
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a. Composition
The composition of the slag is about the same as that
of the Hsuan-hua Pig-iron Manufacturing Plant mentioned in Chapter Six.
Its only charact ~ r;.st is is the large amount of limestone used in h
he
charge . The iron content in the slag is about one per cent of amount tapped.
b. Disposal
The slag is placed in the slag ladle, and almost all ofon
it is discarded. It was used to fill in depressions and for re clamat
purposes. In the early part of 1953, however, a part of it was dis-
solved in water and made into liquid slag. This liquid slag was sent
t:) the T' ai-yuan Cement Factory and was being tested as a raw material
for cement.
9.
Blast furnace gas
a. Composition
It is composed of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hy-
droge.~ gas, nitrogen gas, methane, and an extrer.Ely small amount of
iron. It contains a large volume of carbon monoxide.
b. Uses
Since its principal component is carbon monoxide which
is poiso:ous, it cannot be used in :comes. After being passed through
hurdle-type Teissens gas scrubbers, it is sent to the hot-blast stove
and burned. A part of the gas is also used by the boilers attached to
the power plant. In the past, large volumes of gas escaped from bhe
throat of the furnace, and it was not used completely. In spring 1953,
a plan was set up to use a mixture r'f coke gas and producer gas in the
heating furnace of the rolling mill. However, since blast furnace gas
contains only 900 kilocalories per cubic meter as compared to the 4,500
kilocalories per cubic meter of coke gas and the 1,200 kilocalories per
cubic meter of producer gas, it cannot be denied that the efficiency of
the heat output is low.
Life span and repairing of blast furnaces
a. The expected life span of a blast furnace
blast furnace No 1 had undergone its -
In early 1953
,
second remodelling and blast furnace No 2, its first remodelling.
Throughout Japanese managerrLent, the expected life spans of both blast
furnaces No 1 and No 2 were about six to eight years. Even during the
Chinese Nationalist period after the war's end, the expected life span
of blast furnace No 2 was the same as that during the Japanese period.
10.
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However, due to shortages of raw materials after the war's end, blast
furnace No 1 was not operated regalarly with long banking and blown-
out periods. Thus, the expected life span of the first remodelled
blast furnace No 1 was very short.
After the Chinese Communists took control, the intensive
use of blast furnaces and their facilities has become very conspicuous.
Since blast furnaces No 1 and No 2 are constantly operated at close to
. their full capacities, their life-expectancy was limited to only about
32 years. For instance, the first remodelled blast furnace No 2 was
fired in autumn 1949 and it was expected to be blown out for major re-
pairs in May 1953? Also, the second remodelled blast furnace No 1 was
fired in 1950 and it was already stated in spring 1953 that this fur-
nace was expected to be blown out for major` repair in 1954.
b. Time required for repair of blast furnace
It took six months to repair blast furnace No 2 in 1949.
It took four months to repair blast furnace No 1 in 1950.
However, the repair plan for the second remodelled blast
furnace No 2 which was expected to be blown out in May 1953 called for
52 days from the blow-out time, through cooling, dismantling, building,
drying, and blowing in.
The period is shortened considerably compared to the pre-
vious time required for repairs during the Chinese Communist era. On
the whole, however, it can be said that this indicates an unusually
high efficiency even when compared to the logical time required in re-
pair. Such high efficiency was said to have bn atuained as a result
of the adoption of Soviet furnace-repair rr thod. In JAPAN, due to
economic reasons, the repair of furnaces after it is blown out seldom
seem to be conducted at such speed. Therefore, accurate data that can
be compared to the Chinese Cornrriunlst method are rarely found. Techni-
cally speaking, however, it is said that it normally required 90 to
100 days.
C. Time required in drying the furnace body
The time required to dry the furnace body- during the pla_Yr
ned repair in 1953 is unknown, but it took three to four weeks when
blast furnace No 2 was repaired in 1949.
d. The time required from blow in to initial tapping
It took 24 hours at the time that blast furnace No 2 was
fired in 1949, but under the production plan of the said furnace in 1953,
it was shortened to 12 hours.
e. Time required from blow in to normal operation
The operticn is not normal for about three to four weeks
after the blow in. Under the production plan of blast furnace No 2 for
1953, an allowance of a 25 per cent drop in the pig-iron output for the
period of one month after the blow in was made. Since this reduced rate
is the average value for the .entire period, it was le s by 50 per cent
in the early part of the blow in. After that, it was gradually increased
to regain normalcy by the latter part of the period of restriction.
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Iv. Steel Manufacturing Department
A. Affiliation and Number of Plants
1. Affiliation
The department is affiliated with the Production Office
of the Tai-yuan Iron and Steel Works and is under the jurisdiction of the
assistant superintendent for production. The department is divided into
the steel manufacturing department and the electric furnace steel
department.
2. Number of plants
a. There are the following four small plants (workshops)
under the steel manufacturing department.
Open-hearth furnace plant
Ingot casting plant
Gas producer plant
Dolomite plant
b. There are the following two small plants (workshops)
under the electric furna cc steel department.
. (1) Ele ctrl c furnace plant
(2) Pattern plant
B. History
1. History of the steel manufacturing department
. a. The open-hearth furnace plant was designed by a
German prim to the Japan-China incident, and part of the work got
underway. However, the greater portion of the construction and the
installation of machinery were done after the Japanese technicians
arrived in January 193g.
b. Difficulties in raw material and transportation were
overcome at the time, and the commencement of operations was rushed.
As a result, the furnaces were fired and tapped for thet first ttt time time opera-
tions Sep 41. Listed below are the principal facilities P ra-
tions began:
(1)
Open-hearth furnace (rated capacity, 30 tons;
fixed type) : two
(2) Gas producers (13 tons) : five
(3) Ingot bed (three plates each): two
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C. Of the two open-hearth furnaces only one was worked
and operation was confined to about two heats a day. However, in
February 1942, steel was tapped three times a day, and the stage for
the full scale operation of the two open-hearth furnaces was reached.
The peak production year before the end of the war was 1942, in which
year the output was approximately 40,000 tons.
d'. At first, there were 185 employees (65 Japanese and
120 Chinese), but the nwnber reached 313 (65 Japanese and 248 Chinese)
in 1942.
e. Under Chinese Nationalist control following. the end
of the war, the two existing 30-ton open-hearth furnaces were converted
into 40-ton furnaces, and one gas producer (13 tons a day) was newly
built. The output, however, never matched that of the Japanese era.
f. In 1952, after the Chinese Communists had taken over
control, plans were drawn up to increase the various types of facilities,
and the basis for a planned stee:L output of 130,000 tons for 1953 was set
up. During the first half of 1952 the two 40-ton open-hearth furnaces
were each converted into 50-ton furnaces. In autumn 1952, one 50-ton open-
hearth furnace was added. Also in 1952, two gas producers (30 tons a
day each) and one ingot pit were newly built, while three other ingot
pits were enlarged. The addition of ladle crane had not been carried out
even by spring 1953. This formed the production bottleneck of the
department.
2. History of the electric furnace steel department
a. The iron and steel works had no electric furnace
facilities during Japanese control before the war's end. The manufacture
of electric furnace steel was entirely dependent on the adjacent Yu-ts ' ai
Machinery and Tool Plant (presently, the T'ai-yuan Machinery and Tool
Plant).
b. The works started manufacturing electric furnace steel
in 1952. Electric furnaces were brought in from the coastal area in
1952, and in autumn two 3-ton electric furnaces were in operation. Also,
efforts were being made to have the two $-ton electric furnaces that
were then being brought in from TANG-SHAH in operation by the end of
1953.
C. The transfer of these electric furnaces was at first
motivated by the policy for the dispersal of the coastal iron and steel
industry to the interior because of the Korean War. Thereafter, from
the general standpoint of constructing iron and steel centers in CHINA,
the transfer was made under independent plans.
C . Open-hearth Furnace Steel Manufacture
1. Facilities
a. Layout of facilities for open-hearth furnace steel
manufacture -- see Chart No 10-17.
b. Size of the plant buildings -- see Table No 10-25
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C. Cross-section of the open-hearth furnace plant
buildings -- see Chart No 10-1$.
d.
Table No 10-26
Data on open-hearth furnace facilities -- see
e.
Structure of the open-hearth furnace -- see Chart
No 10-19
f.
Structure of gas and air ports -- see Chart No 10-20
. g.
Chart No 10-21
Brick-laying prodedure for the regenerator -- see
h.
see Table No 10-27
Refractory materials used in the open-hearth furnace ---
is
Gas producer facilities -- see Table No 10-28
j.
Structure of the ladle car -- see Chart No 10-22
k.
see Chart No 10-23
Structure of the ladle used for molten steel --
1.
Shape of the ingot cases used for rimmed steel
see Chart No 10-24
2. The removal and destruction of facilities
No facilities have been affected. The US air raid just before
the end of the war and the Chinese Nationalist air raid directly follow-
ing the seizure of this plant by the Chinese Communists inflicted
virtually no damage upon the open-hearth furnace plant.
3. Improvement of facilities
The open-hearth furnace facilities were mainly improved since
1952. The main improvements are as shown on Table No 10-30.
Note: Three technicians took part in improving the construction plans.
One was a detained Japanese, another was an assistant superinten-
dent of the works, and the third was a Chinese engineer (graduate
of the Kuramae Higher Technical School in JAPAN).
4. Increasing of facilities
The job of increasing open-hearth facilities lagged somewhat
behind that for the pig-iron manufacturing department. The first-phase
basic construction plan was put into effect from 1952? In spring 1953,
plans for the second-phase basic construction (from 1954) took shape.
Table No 10-31 shows the increase in open-hearth furnace faciliti es at
the end of the first quarter of 1953.
Note: In the second phase of basic construction, plans called for the
addition of two 50-ton open-hearth furnaces (and two $-ton electric
furnaces). Information on this matter is covered under section
on "Basic Construction".
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5. Defects in facilities from the standpoint of capacity
and layout.
a. Defects a:n capacity
(1)
Shortage in the capacity of ladle crane
In September 1952, the capacity of the open-
hearth furnace was increased to 50 tons, but
that of the ladle crane remained the same.
This was the major factor restricting the
steel output at the time.
According to the load coefficient, there should
be a surplus of 20 to 30 per cent in the capa-
city of the existing 50-ton crane. However,
since it is already superannuated, the crane
and its crag were re-enforced. In spite of
this fact, the steel output was restricted to
33.5 tons as a result of the load tests by
Russian specialists in early 1953. This is a
much stronger restriction than the 38 tons of
early 1952. For a time, both the 40-ton ladle
and the 10-ton ladle used on the electric
furnaces were utilized, and the ladle crane
and ingot cranes were also mobilized, but
operations did not run smoothly owing to a
shortage of cranes.
The 70-ton crane that was proposed to be newly
built at the time was scheduled to arrive from
the USSR in late 1952? But since it had not
arrived by late April 1953, it was inevitable
that the 1953 plans for steel production had
to be extensively revised. The operations of
the three open-hearth furnaces were greatly
hampered, since the number of cranes remained
the same. Painstaking efforts were made in
regulating the progress of the operational
process.
Note: It seems at the time, however, that the 70-ton crane was sure to
arrive soon.
(2)
Open-hearth furnace combustion method
The present firing method by means of gas
producers is an old combustion method; hence,
the heating efficiency is necessarily poor.
(3) Lack of mixers
Since there are no mixers, the hot metal is
carried by ladle cars. The ladle is covered
while awaiting charging. The lowering of
heating efficiency .s unavoidable. When a
mixer is used, the temperature of the hot
metal drops only five degrees Centigrade an
hour, but under the present conditions where
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there are no mixers, the temperature drops
10 degrees Centigrade an hour. It is also
impossible to satisfactorily obtain unifor-
mity in the quality of the pro ducts.
(4) Method of laying bricks in the regenerator
The bricks in the regenerator are lain in a
cylindrical manner. In this method the con-
sumption of bricks for each ton of steel
manufactured is greater than in other methods.
(5) shortage of charging cranes and ingot cranes
'here are two charging cranes and two ingot
cranes for the three open-hearth furnaces.
Since a high degree of operating efficiency is
demanded, and there are miscellaneous uses and
periods of waiting, these facilities cannot be
considered as being adequate,
b, Defects in the layout
Since there is not much space at the plant site, the plant
will become very crowded if the two proposed 50-ton open-hearth furnaces
and the one 300-ton mixer are newly built. There will not be any room
to even move around. The most difficult problem is that there is no
extra space in the raw materials yard. Consequently, the present smoke-
stack used by the open-hearth furnaces and the gas producers may have to
be moved. When the five open-hearth furnaces are lined up in a row, the
idea of setting up the raw materials yard at one end, as is the case now,
will prove inefficient. It will probably be necessary to have the raw
materials yard directly connected with each open-hearth furnace from
the side.
6. Balancing of facilities
a. Coordination with the pig iron manufacturing facilities
Coordination between the pig-iron manufacturing and steel.
manufacturing facilities will not be re-explained here since it has
already been d escribed in III, C, 6, b of this chapter. Preference was
given to the construction of new steel manufacturing facilities. There-
fore it seems that when the pig-iron manufacturing capacity temporarily
fell behind, consideration was given to the idea of supplying pig iron
from the Yang-ch~uan Pig-iron anufacturing Plant.
b. Coordination with rolling facilities
The medium rolling plans for 1953 called for 125,000
tons of billets, sheet bars, end steel stocks.
Originally, the planned operating rate for rolling in
1953 (decided at the end of 1952) was 75 per cent. However, the rolling
operation rate of the advanced enterprises in CHINA (laN-SHtiN, for example)
had already reached $5 per cent at the time. It seems that the realiza-
tion of this advanced operating rate thereafter became the target f this
works, too. Therefore, based on this advanced operating rate of $5 per
cent, the maximum amount of steel that can be roled would be roughly
140,000 tons.
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Planned anent of Planned amount of steel Planned amount of
bloom rolling manufactured in open- steel manufactured in
hearth furnaces electric furnaces
125,000 tons s (130,000 tons 4 $,100 tons) _ 0.9
141,250 tons
Since the recovery rate (yield rate) in rolling for 1953
is believed to have been roughly 90 per cent (see Note below) and the
acceptance rate of steel bloom is 99.5 per cent, approximately 160,000
tons of steel ingots were needed for the medium rolling of 140,000 tons.
140,000 tons f 0.9 t 0.995. 160,000 tons
Note: The basis for estimating the yield rate for rolling is as shown
below:
The original planned steel output for 1953 was 138,000 tons
from the open-hearth furnaces (three 50-ton furnaces) and electric furnaces
(two 3-ton furnaces) combined. But later (spring 1953), owing to the
delay in improving the open-hearth furnace accessory equipment, the
planned output was somewhat lowered. However, there were prospects that
the improvements in the open-hearth furnace accessory equipment would be
.ccomplished in a very short time. Therefore, it was believed that when
these improvements are made and the abovementioned steel tr nufacturing
facilities begin to show high efficiency in production, steel output of
170,000 to 1$0,000 tons during the year would be achieved. With just
these conditions as a basis, it can be said that rolling and steel manu-
facturing facilities were in a virtual equilibrium even when the rolling
department attains the earlier mentioned advanced operating rate (that
is, when the amount of steel needed is 160,000 tons).
It was believed, however, that this balance would be upset
after 1954 or 1955? This is because in spring 1953, concrete steps were
being taken to construct two new 50-ton open-hearth furnaces and two
$-.ton electric furnaces and it was believed that they would be completed
in 1954 or 1955? Therefore, it can be said that the balance between
steel manufacturing and rolling facilities at that time was destined to
be upset by the rolling department unless rolling facilities were in-
creased proportionately during this same period. It is reported that to
cope with the expansion in the steel manufacturing department, transfer
of the small bar mill was being studied for the purpose of strengthening
the medium bar rolling facilities.
125,000 tons x 0.$5
0.75
7. Operational methods
a. Operational process -- see Chart No 10-25
b. Operation of the open-hearth furnaces
(1) Raw materials charging method
Before the Chinese Communists took control, blast
furnaces No 1 and No 2 had operated simultaneously
for only a short period of time; therefore, the
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supply of rwlten pig was irregular and
generally the "chilled pig and scrap"
. method had to be used,
After the Chinese Communists took control, they
temporarily followed the method that had been
in use. But from about 1950, they switched to
the "hot metal and ore" ;~ethod, which they
have continued up to the' present day.
(2) Raw material charging order
After the heat is tapped, remnant slag is
scraped out and the hearth is readied; then
pre-charging begins. First of all, small type
teeI scrap is charged followed by large type
steel scrap. This is then followed by the
charging of ingot pig ( chilled pig) and iron
ore. About half of the limestone is charged
at the same time as the steel scrap.
Since there are no mixers, the hot metal is
kept ready on hot-metal cars. During this
period small broken up iron ore is put into
the hot metal, and compressed air is blown in
to speed up deoxidation, decarburization, and
desilicification. The idea in mind is to
shorten the time needed for refining.
(3) Charging procedure
(a) Charging cold material
The cold material is loaded into charging
boxes (capacity, 2.5 tons) in the raw
materials yard located at one end. Then
it is hoisted onto the deck of the open-
hearth furnaces by dollies and distributed
to the side of each furnace.
SECRET
There was a rather smooth supply of scrap iron
during the Japanese era, but during the Chinese
Nationalist era following the war, the supply
became rather stringent..
When the temperature of the above charge
reaches the stage where it is about to melt,
the after-charging starts, in which the hot
metal is charged by means of the hot metal
charging trough. When the melting is over,
limestone is put in. When the refining is
completed, the ferroalloy is put in immediately
before the heat is tapped.
When it is time for charging, the charging
box is suspended on the tip of the ram by
a charging crane. It is then carried to the
front of the open-hearth furnace and charged
into the furnace from the charging door in
front.
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(b) Charging time
One charging operation takes a minute to a
minute and a half, but the overall time is
about two minutes. (There are times when
only 500 kilograms can be put into the
charging box when the scrap is thin. This
affects the charging time.) How the
charging time has been reduced in the
single operation of an open-hearth furnace
is shown below.
(4)
(c)
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1
2
Under Japanese ar1d Chinese Nationalist
management (30-ton open-hearth furnaces
used): three to three-and-a-half hours.
Under Chinese Corri..nunist management (last-
half of 1952; 50-ton open-hearth furnaces
used): two hours.
Hot metal charging
The hit metal is hauled by a ladle car to
the place where the ingots are made. It is
charged from the charging door on the back
wall of the open-hearth furnace by a ladle
crane.
The hot metal in the ladle was weighed
previously at the entrance of the open-hearth
furnace plant. At this time, allowances are
made for hot metal sticking to the ladle.
Blowing in of air arid gas
(a) The flow of air and gas through regenerators
on both sides is reversed every 15 to 20
minutes.
(b) At the flue entrance the gas is 500 to 600
degrees Centigrade; at the entrance of the
combustion chamber, 1,200 degrees Centigrade;
and when mixed with air inside the combustion
chamber, 1,2$0, degree Centigrade. The gas
pressure at the water column is $0 to 120
millimeters.
(c)
When the air is blown in, it is 1,000 degrees
Centigrade in the flue, and this air is
heated up to 1,200 degrees Centigrade after
it enters the regenerative chamber. The
blowing in of air is regulated by a winch
that opens and closes a value (lid) at the
air inlet (completely open during melting
process, slightly open during refining
process).
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(5)
(d) The Soviet method of steel manufacture has
had its influence since the last half of
1952, and the method of blowing in air by
a compressor has been adopted. A record
of the air blown in is determined from the
readings on the CO2 meter.
(e) Also in use experimentally is the so-called
oxygen steel process whereby oxygen is run
into the open-hearth furnace by a tube
from a gas cylinder.
Use of the Bessemerizing method
This method has been used since 1950 under the
supervision of Soviet technicians. This is the
method in which a one-inch pipe of five meters
in length is immersed in the molten steel and
compressed air is blown in. This speeds up
decarburization and desilicification (method
of shortening the oxidation time).
The pipe is made by rolling up thin iron plates.
But since the tips of the pipes melt quickly
because of the heat, an open-hearth furnace is
equipped with ten pipes for each operation.
There is nothing especially new about this method,
but it should be noted that it points out cha-
racteristics of the Soviet method of steel manu-
facturing whereby emphasis is placed on oxidation
time which had heretofore been disregarded.
(6) Temperature of the steel bath
(7)
The temperature of the steel bath is 1,650 degrees
Centigrade. The temperature of the molten steel
when tapped is 1,620 degrees Centigrade.
Temperature of the regenerator
The temperature of the regenerator reaches 1,450
degrees Centigrade. The temperature is measured
by a pyrometer.
($) Discharging of waste gas
Waste gas is discharged through a small flue in
. the regenerator and then out through the snake
stack. It is dischargedand replaced with fresh
gas and fresh air by the gas reversing valve and
air reversing valve.
Note: Recently, a sensitive pressure regulator (a device which regulates
pressure by electric currents transmitted from the pyrometer) has
come into use. This regulator automatically regulates the pressure
of the reversing valves and the adjustments on the large damper.
However, in T'AI-YUAN in spring 1953, it was not as yet being used.
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(9) High speed assays
Materials are assayed twice to judge the quality
of the steel, once immediately after the steel
melts and once near the end of the refining
process. The main purpose of the first assay
is to assay the material to see how much ferro-
alloy, etc is to be added, and the second assay
is to determine the tapping period.
In order to report the results of the high speed
assay promptly to the shop, a signal light is
installed in front of the furnace so as to
eliminate SHISETSUJI (TN Presumably "time loss~r)
iY refining time. Thai s signal light i.s designed
in such a manner that it can show the percentage
of components in figures from 0 to 9 and the
names of such elements as silicon, manganese,
carbon, sulphur and phosphorus.
(10) At the time of tapping, the molten steel (bath)
is poured in a ladle, but the slag immediately
floats to the top of the bath. This slag is
run off into a slag receptacle, but it immediately
solidifies.
The slag, since its iron content has no useful
value, is disposed of in an open space outside
the plant. Normrlly, the chemical composition
of the slag was as shown below, but the
Ca0/Si02 (basicity) of 2.5 to 3.0 was regarded
as ideal.
(a)
5102
--
17 to 1$ per cent
(b)
CaO
--
40 to 50 per cent
(c)
A1203--
5 to 6 per cent
(d)
FeO -- S to 9 per cent
(e)
Fe203 -- 5 to 6 per cent
(f)
MnO -- 5 to 6 per cent
lapping is called "opening a hole". A hole is
dug from the tap hole into the hearth and tapping
is carried out. The tapped molten steel is
received in a ladle and after the slag has been
removed, it is sent to the ingot casting yard.
With skill, the hole-opening operation generally
takes five to six minutes, and the bath starts
flowing. Sometimes the operation takes as long
as ten minutes,
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C. Controlling the heat
(1) Calorific value of the producer gas -- see
Table No 10-32.
The calorific value is above normal, since the
excel)ent coal produced at TA-T'UNG is used.
(2) Calories consumed
In the plans for 1953, for each ton of steel
manufactured, 1,400,000 to 1,600,000 kilocalories
of producer gas were consumed. The basis for
this calculation is as shown below.
Amount of gas Coal for manu- Amount of producer gas
produced by one factoring one needed for manufacturing
kilogram of coal ton of steel one ton of steel
3 to 3.5 cubic meters x 330 kilograms . about 990 to 1,155 cubic meters
Calories to one Calories consumed for mane
cubic meter factoring one ton of steel
990 to 1,155 x 1,400 kilogram calories about 1,400,000 to 1,60,000
cubic meters kilogram calories
From the standpoint of thermal efficiency, it
can probably be said that this amount of con-
sumption is far below the present international
standard ($00,000 kilogram calories when hot
metal is the main constituent, and 1,200,000
kilo calories when the rain constituents are
scrap steel and cold pig)
Note: 1. According to the plans for supply and demand of raw materials
in manufacturing steel at this works in 1953, $00 kilograms of
hot metal and 275 kilograms of scrap steel were used to make one
ton of steel,
2. As reference, shown below is the amount of calories needed to
manufacture a ton of steel at the Yawata Steel Works.
a. During the war: 1,300,000 kilocalories
b, Latter half of 1953: 990,000 kilocalories
c. First half of 1954: $40,000 kilocalories
Dispersion of heat -- see Table No 10-33.
Focal point in improving thermal efficiency
The USSR is reported to be presently consuming
$00,000 to 1,000,000 kilocalories of heat for
the manufacturing of one ton of steel. Conse-
quently it can be said that there is much room
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for improving the thermal efficiency in the
present setup in Communist CHINA.
Noting this point, Communist CHINA has taken
up the subject of raising the thermal efficiency.
Since the crux of the matter is found in the
imperfect combustion of the producer gas inside
the meltirg chamber of the open-hearth furnaces,
one of the main problems is to stop the escape
of imperfect combustion gas to the regenerator.
The temperature of regenerators is set at 1,250
to 1,300 degrees Centigrade. At T'AI-YUAN in
spring 1953, the regenerator temperature was
1,4+50 degrees Centigrade, and the heat loss was
very great. As a result, the bricks in the
regenerator quickly disintegrated. This brought
on the inconvenience of necessitating an earlier
cold repair. For this reason, a university
graduate technician is permanently assigned at
the plant to measure the temperature of the
regenerator. In this way the plant authorities
are trying to find a means of improving the
thermal efficiency.
d. Ingot casting operation
(1) The dispnsitir~n rf plates, central runners, and
molds
(a) Number of plates (casting pits)
1 During the Japanese and Chinese
Nationalist eras: three
2 During the Chinese Communist era:
four
(b) Number of central runners
1 During the Japanese and Chinese
Nationalist eras: three
2 During the Chinese Communist era:
four
(c) Number of molds: 1$
(2) Molds
There are various types of ingot cases depending
on the sizes of the ingots and the quality of
the steel. The two following types were usually
used at this plant.
(a)
For ordinary steel ingots: Top thickness,
250 millimeters; bottom thickness, 270
millimeters; height, 1,500 millimeters;
weight of the steel ingots, 680 kilograms;
square-shaped with the large-end down.
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(b) For killed steel ingots
The cubical content is the same as those
of the molds used for ordinary steel ingots.
They are square--shaped with the large-end
up and with riser heads attached.
Before the Chinese Communists took control, the
ordinary ingot cases weighed about 500 kilograms
and they measured 20 millimeters less than those
mentioned above.
(3) Teeming method
Bottom-pouring method is used and the molten
steel is poured directly from the ladle into
the central runner.
(4) Care of molds and life expectancy
After the molds are used, materials such as
brick dust that are stuck to it are removed.
Then the mold is coated with graphite and put
aside. The molds are used about 120 times.
(5) Preheating of the ladles
The ladles are heated by coke-rven gas before
they receive the molten steel.
(6) Procedure for stripping opereti~n
(a) Time to start stripping -- 40 to 60 minutes
after the molten steel is pured
(b) Temperature at time of stripping -- tem-
perature of the steel ingot, about X50
degrees Centigrade; temperature of the case,
about 150 degrees Centigrade
Generally speaking, the ideal temperature
()f the cases at the time ref stripping is
90 to 100 degrees Centigrade and the
stripping operation is withheld until the
cases cool naturally to that temperature.
At this plant, however, the ingots are
stripped sooner than normal because of
the frequoncy of use of the cases and
because of plate replacing operations.
(c) Methcd of removing the molds
The case is removed by lifting it with
an ingot crane.
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
e. Operations of the gas producers
(1)
Since there is no directly attached boiler,
steam is brought in from the coke-oven boiler
through an asbestos-wrapped pipe. It is
important that the steam intake be regulated
in order to make the combustion inside the
furnace uniform.
(2) Air is blown in by blower. When this is done,
attention is given so that a large volume of
air is blown in to increase the gas calories.
The foreman measures air pressure with a
pressure gauge and regulates it. (The air
pressure is 1.0 to 1.5 kilogram).
(3) Coal is lifted by a 2-ton hoist to the top of
each furnace and it is dumped in the hoppers
on each furnace. Care is taken to see that
the coal (coking coal) does not stick together.
Coal of poor coking property is best.
(4) The gas generated in each producer is run to
a main pipe, from which the gas is then sent
to the open-hearth furnace by a pipe five
meters above the surface.
Gasification point
The gasification point is $00 degrees
Oentigrade. The gas is of three colors:
black, white, and pink. The gas, when it is
pink is at its best.
The gasification point is $00 degrees Centi-
grade, but gas temperature drops to 500 to
600 degrees Centigrade at the entrance to the
flue. At the entrance to the combustion
chamber in the open-hearth furnace, the gas
temperature rises to 1,200 degrees Centigrade.
The gas is then mixed with air and the tem-
perature rises to 1,280 degrees Centigrade,
$. Improvements in operational technique
Technical improvements achieved as a result of the introduction
of Soviet techniques.
a. Increase in the amount of air blown in (put into
effect in the first half of 1952)
By adopting the so-called Soviet-type steel manufacturing -
method, it was possible to increase the amount of air blown in and to
speed up decarburization. The air is fed in by a compressor.
96
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b. Putting into practice the Bessemerizing method
(used since 1950)
It was put into effect under the practical guidance of
Soviet technicians. This is the method whereby a pipe, five meters
long and one inch in diameter, is inserted into the molten steel when
the steel is being refined. This is for the purpose of speeding up
decarburization and desilicification.
c. Adoption of the oxygen steel manufacturing method
In 1951, an oxygen supplying apparatus was connected with
the air reversing valve apparatus on a test basis. The idea was to
raise the temperature in the furnace at melting time and to shorten the
steel manufacturing ti ue. 0 ygen was brought in in oxygen cylinders
from an oxygen plant outside the works. The apparatus is a simple one
in which oxygen is run through a tube from the oxygen cylinder to the
air insertion hole. This apparatus is depicted on Chart No 10-27.
Note: The oxygen steel manufacturing method is one of the methods that
the USSR has been boasting about to the whole world. when the
air pressure is increased to realize a perfect combustion inside
the open-hearth furnace, there is the disadvantage of lowering
the regenerator temperature. However, if the oxygen is supplied
as it is in this method, it not only eliminates this disadvantage
but it also reportedly lowers gas consumption, which is a
desirable effect.
d. Regulating the opera.ticns of the gas producer
The gas calories can be increased by blowing in more
air than steam. Consequently, the foreman (a skilled worker) regulates
the amount of air and steam blown in.
9. Labor
a. Distribution of workers engaged in open-hearth
furnace steel manufacture -- see Table No 10-34.
b.
Changes in the number of shifts
(1) Japanese era
(a) In 1941: single shift system
(b) After the end of 1942: two-shift system
(2) Chinese Nationalist era after August 1945:
two-shift system
(3) Chinese Communist era after July 1949:
. three-shift system
Note It is reported that by the adoption of the three-shift system,
the workers are not as tired as they had previously been, and
that their will to produce has risen tremendously.
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C. Working hours
After the three-waft system was adopted, each work shift
lasted eight hours, or nine portal-to-portal working hours. However,
since there are two hours of study each day, the actual portal-to-portal
time is 11 hours.
d. Degree of workers? skill
(1)
Japanese era
In 1941 (two open-hearth furnaces, one generally
in operation), the workers were unaccustomed to
steel r?~.nufacturing operations. Consequently,
a lot of time was required to n nufacture steel.
There were only about two heats turned out
every 24 hours,
Note: This inefficiency was also due to the fact that Hsi-span coal
(poor gas content) was used.
The practical training given to workers thereafter gradually
began to show, and by February 1942, turnover was about three
heats every 24 hours.
(2) Chinese Communist era
-There were five or aix ekilled workers ;j.
the open-hearth furna ee plant. They supervised
and pushed the operations of the entire plant.
In 1952, turnover was 3.4 to 3.$ heats every
24 hours.
10. Raw materials
a. Source of principal raw materials
(1)
Pig iron
Pig iron is supplied entirely by the pig-iron
manufacturing department within the works.
During Japanese control, the operation of blast
furnaces was irregular, therefore, mostly cold
pig iron was used. With the simultaneous
operation of the blast furnaces No 1 and No 2
after the Chinese Conpnunists took control,
molten pig iron came to be mostly used. Cold
pig iron is used at times but the amount is
very small.
(2) Steel scrap
In 1953 steel scraps consisted of those widely
collected from throughout SHANSI Province, and
the Tientsin and Shanghai Areas, and those re-
covered from the ingot casting and rolling
mills within the works (scraps from ingot
casting, rejected steel, rolling scraps and
miss-rolled products), t seems that the ratio
of these two groups of scrap sources was about
half and half,
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During Japanese control, this mill was de-
pendent on the army for the supply of steel
scraps; therefore, no shortage was felt.
During the early period of Chinese Communist
control steel output was small and the steel
scrap mixing ratio was only about 10 per cent.
Therefore, the requirement in itself was not
too great. However, the supply of scrap steel
was very difficult due to faulty transporta-
tion, poorly organized system of collection
and the lack of permeation of political
influence. In 1951 raw steel was produced
by converters as a substitute for steel scrap,
but this was soon discontinued due to unsatis-
factory results.
After 1952 the demand for steel scrap suddenly
increased due to the increase in steel output
and especially due to the improvement in the
mixing ratio. Insurance of the necessary
absolute amount of steel scrap, however, is
becoming more difficult in spite of the fact
that remarkable improvements have been nide
in transportation, in the collection system
and in the permeation of political influence.
It is presumable that this situation still
prevails today.
b. Supply of secondary raw materials
(1) Limestone (flux)
Limestones produced in HSI-SEAN and TUNG-SEAN
in the vicinity of T'AI-YUAN are being used.
Limestone having more than 50 per cent lime
content and less than one per cent silicon
dioxide content is said to be desirable. This
limestone also contributes to deoxidation,
desulphurization and desilicification , The
amount of limestone charged, including quick-
lime, is about seven per cent of the steel
out put .
(2) Quicklime (flux)
Quicklime produced by the roasting furnace of
the ammonium sulphate plant within the works
is being used.
(3) Fluorite (flux)
During Japanese control, fluorite produced in
WU-CH'ENG-CHEN (located 100 kilometers south-
west of T' AI-YUAN between FEN-YANG and LI-
SHIH on the South T'ungp'u Line) was used, but
since the quality was poor, it was replaced
by fluorite produced in TSINGTAO.
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(4)
The Tsingtao fluorite was used even after Othe
Chinese Communist took control. It has
to 60 per cent calcium diflu0tiused every time
not
This fluorite, however, is
steel is manufactured. It is salso?used in
lating the slags. Fluorite was
claybricks.
Iron ore (oxidizing agent)
Iron ore equivalent to about five per cent
of the steel output is charged asideoxi deoxidizing
agent. Iron ore used at present
LI-KUO . Of
produced in LUNG-YEN, WU-AN
the above, the ore from WU-AN is considered
the best because it contains a large used
of ferrous-oxide. Lump ore is specially us
to accelerate deoxi.dation.
(5) Scale (oxidizing agent)
The oxide coating on steel materials which
appear at the time of rolling is call
battetura in Communist CHINA. It was dis-
carded during the Japanese era but it is
reported that the Chinese Communists began
to use it from around 1952.
(6) Manganese (oxidizing agent)
Under Japanese control, this mill was mainly
dependent upon the rnganese imported from
INDIA, but when sea transpo rta~~ of the war,
difficult during the latter pa
manganese produced in CHING-LO (75 kiloers
northwest of T t AI_YUAN) of SHANSI Province
? to
was used, or iron ore (~ pUeYANG of SHANSI
10 per cent) produced in SH
Province was used as a substitute.
After coming under Chinese Commmunist control,
manganese ore produced in CHING LO (50 to 60
first
per cent nr~ngane se content) was used ,
but this source has been mined out. There-
after, after, the ferro-manganese (Mn Fe) produced
in AN-SHAH and TIENTSIN, or spiegeleiSen
in YANG-CHUAN has been used.
manganese is not used too much because its
cost is high. It seems that manganese ore
( 32 to 35 per cent manganese content) produced
in LO-P'fliG of HUNAN Province is mainly used
at present.
(7) Silicon (addition agent)
In auturi 1952 some ferrosilicon (Fe-Si) was
manufactured at the electric furnace plan
within the works, but at present Tientsin
products are being used.
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($) Phosphorus (addition agent)
The supply source of f errophosphorus for sheet
metal is unknown.
C. Mixing ratio of raw materials
After coring under Chinese Communist control, a mixing
ratio of 90 per cent pig iron and 10 per cent steel scrap was adopted
because of the difficulty in securing steel scrap. In early 1952 the
mixing ratio was changed to 75 per cent pig iron and 25 per cent steel
scrap by order of the Ministry of Heavy Industry of the Central Govern-
ment in conformity with the national pig iron supply and demand plan.
Thereafter 800 kilograms of pig iron and 275 kilograms of steel scrap
were charged for each ton of steel produced. The change in the mixing
ratio since the Japanese era is as shown on Table No 10-35.
d. Amount of raw materials charged
The total amount of charge is 120 to 121 per cent of the
steel output. A rough estimate of the yield rate of iron content is
93 per cent. The amount of charge in e any 1953 was as shown in Table
No 10-36 and the order of charge is as shown on Table No 10-37.
e, Amount of raw materials required
The amount ,rf raw materials required in the steel manu-
facturing plan of 1953 (annual output, 130,000 tons) which was decided
upon in late 1952 was as shown in Table No 10-3$. According to the
revised plan of spring 1953, the planned amount of steel manufacture
was lowered to 114,2$0 tens. It is presumable, therefore, that the
amount of raw materials required also decreased abut 10 per cent.
f.
Supply and demand of raw materials for gas producers
(1)
Supply source
Ta-t-ung coal was used in 1953? The quality
of this coal is excellent. Stun was supplied
from boiler room Tao 2 of the asking plant
within the works.
(2)
Calorific heating power
The calorific value of producer gas is about
1,450 kilocalories per cubic meter. This is
(3)
200 kilocalories more than ordinarily obtained.
Amount of consumption
The amount of coal consumpti'n in the 1953 plan
was 300 to 330 kilograms per ton of steel output.
The amount of coal needed for the gas producers
to meet the initial steel manufacturing plan
of 1953 was 39,795 to 43,775 tons.
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Dr~c No 90225 (10) (PB)
This figure can be substantiated from the gas-
producing facilities. The method of computa-
tion is as follows:
Daily coal Daily coal Daily total
consumption by consumption by coal
the old facilities the new facilities consuinpti~n
(13 tons x 6 gas producers) 4- (30 tons x 2 gas producer= 138 tins a day
138 tons x 365 calendar days x 0.85 operating rate = 42,7$0 tons a year
Computation with the daily steel output as the
standard would be as follows:
425 tons (daily steel output) x
03 to 0.33 ton (coal consumption per ton of steel output) -
127.5 to 140.25 tons a day (daily coal consumption)
Note: The amount of coal consumption by the old facilities (five
producers) during Japanese control was 35 to 40 tons a day
because each producer consumed seven to eight tens.
g. Motive power
Power is received from the thermal power plant located
within this works. The consumption rate is unknown.
11. Production
a. Daily
(1)
(2)
There were tw^ 40-ton open hearth furnaces
during Chinese Nationalist control. As regards
the daily output, there was not too much dif-
ference from that during Japanese control.
Especially after summer 19L$, the output
suddenly decreased because of the difficulty
in obtaining raw materials. Finally production
became impossible.
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output
Japanese control
There were two 30-ton open-harth furnaces
during Japanese control. One steel manufacturing
opc ratiCn required about eight h'.urs. The daily
output during 1942 to 1943, the most active
period, was about 150 tons. Due to furnace re-
pairs and difficulty in obtaining raw materials,
the period in which the two furnaces were in
full operation was short, and the steel output
rarely attained the rated capacity. Throughout
Japanese control, the maximum output was 170
to 180 tons when the two furnaces were in
operation at the same time.
Chinese Nationalist control
Lkl
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(3) Chinese Communist control
Efficiency in production improved yearly after
1951. In spring 1953, the daily production
reached 425 tons. Facilities at that time
consisted of three 50 ton open-hearth furnaces.
Even with the operational technique of that
time, the actual daily output capacity must
have been about 560 tons, but due to the super-
annuated attached facilities (ladle crane),
the actual operati^1n was limited to the 425-ton
level.
b. Annual output
The annual output of products meeting specifications was
as follows:
(1)
Peak before the end of the war (1912)
(a) Two 30-ton open-hearth furnaces:
about 36,000 tons
(b) Maximum monthly production:
4,000 tons
(c) Average monthly production:
3,000 tens
(2) In 1949 (the year in which the Chinese Communists
confiscated this works) -- two 40-.ton open-hearth
furnaces: 20,000 to 30,000 tons
(3)
In 1952
There were two 50-ton open-hearth furnaces since
spring and three 50-ton open-hearth furnaces
since Septe nber . The steel output for the
year was 91,200 tons,
(4) In the 1953 plan
(a) There were three 50-ton open-hearth furnaces
(b)
Controlled figure of the Ministry of H'avy
Industry in August 1952: 134,000 tons .
(c) Planned figure decided in December 1952:
130,000 tons.
(d) Planned figure revised in spring 1953:
114,280 tons
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C. Computation of the planned amount for 1953
26 square
5.44 tons
(1)
Computation of the figure decided in
December 1952
meters (effective hearth area) x
per square meter a day (effective
utilization coefficient) x
3 (number of furnaces in operation)
425 tons a day ( daily output).
hearth area
425 tons (daily output) x 365 (calendar days) x
0.$5 (operating rate) x 0.99 (hot metal recovery
0.99 (percentage accepted & 129,200 tons a year
steel output)
rate)
(annual
Note: This computation shows a shortage of $00 tons, but details
are unknown.
(2) Computation of the figure revised in spring 1953
33.5 tons (steel output per furnace per operation) x
24 hours
6.4 hours (frequency of tapping a day) x
365 ( lendar days) x 0.85 (operating rate) x
hot metal recove 'ae x
0.9 percentage accep d) 14,5$6 tons a year (annual
output of accepted steel)
Note: This computation shows an error of 360 tons but details are
unknown.
d. Itemized production
The planned output by items for 1953 (fixed in December
1952) is as follows:
(1)
Rimmed steel:
9$,700 tons
(2)
Killed steel:
$,$00 tons
(3)
Sheet steel:
22,500 tons
(4)
Total: 130,000 tons
Note: Besides the above, a small amount of cast steel is produced
the purposes of making rollers.
for
It is believed that under the revised plan of spring of
1953, the production of rimmed steel was reduced by about 16,000 tons.
The reason for this is that this portion consists of billets for out-
side sales.
C. Specifications
For details see the "List of Provisional Specifications
for Products" entered under section XI of this chapter.
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(1)
Classification of steel
(a)
No CO -- steel that do not meet
specifications; mostly steel with
high phosphorus content.
(b)
No Cl
(c)
No 02
These are called rimmed steel,
and are of MC specifications;
(d)
No C3
carbon content, 0.10 to
0.35 per cent.
(e)
No 04
(f)
(g)
No C5
No C6
` Killed steel of AC specifi-
I cation
No Cl to No C3 steels are mainly used as con-
struction materials. Sheet steel is mild steel
and is classified by its phosphorus content.
No 04 to No 06 steels are used for shafts and
structural purposes. The specifications differ
from those of JAPAN in that they are somewhat
more flexible, but otherwise they are generally
the same.
(2) Size (seven different sizes)
(a) Medium size -- three sizes (680 kilograms,
$oo kilograms and 1,000 kilograms)
(b) Small size -- four sizes ($0 kilograms,
130 kilograms, 180 kilograms and 250 kilo-
grams)
The 680-kg wide-bottom rimmed steel ingot and
the 650-kg, wide-top killed steel ingot with
riser are the two sizes most commonly used.
These sizes will probably not change for a
while because they are for mass production
of ingots for medium size rolling. Sizes and
shapes of commonly used steel are as shown in
Chart No 10-28.
f e Distribution of products
All the rimmed steel, killed steel ar.d sheet steel pro-
duced under the 1953 plan were to be delivered to the medium bar rolling
department within the works. Steel for casting rollers are delivered
to the roller plant.
g. Disposition of recovered scraps
Scraps (steel scraps sticking to ladles, gits and plates)
obtained from ingot casting and rejected steel are charged into the open-
hearth furnace and regenerated.
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ii. i-i1.?J1JtJ ai t) f t__
ags
Slags are thrown away into a depression which is located
outside the plant but within the compound of the works.
12. Production data of open-hearth furnace steel manufacture
a. Effective utilization coefficient of equipment
(1) In the 1953 plan
Equipment utilization coefficient for each
furnace was generally 5.44 tons per square
meter per day in late 1952
At first this coefficient was the basis for
computing the planned output for 1953. .The
average steel output per furnace computed
inversely from this coefficient would be as
follows:
26 square meters (effective hearth area) x
5.44 tons per square meter a day ( utilization coefficient} +
Steel output of 37.73 tons is much too small
a figure for a 50-ton open-hearth furnace,
but as previously related, this is due to the
limitation arising from the superannuated
ladle crane. This figure was further reduced
to 33.5 tons in spring 1953 as a result of the
load test of the ladle cane conducted by
Soviet specialists. The effective utilization
coefficient in the revised plan, therefore,
was further lowered. Computation of this
coefficient is as follows:
hours (frequency of tap = ing) 37.73 tons (steel output
;-.
for each heat)
33.5 tons
2 hours
6.4 hours
26 square
4.45 tons
(steel output for each heat) x
(frequency of tapping per day) t
meters (effective hearth area) 1
per
coefficient)
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(2)
square meter a day (effective utilization
The effective utilization coefficient after
the improvement of attached facilities
In spring 1953, an order had already been
placed with the USSR for a 70-ton ladle crane
which was expected to be newly established.
After its arrival, installation, and operation,
it is obvious that the effective utilization
coefficient will have immediately risen. It is
presumed that the steel output per day per fur-
nace in this case would attain 1$7.5 tons and
the coefficient is computed as follows:
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i
SECRE I
50 tons x 2 hours _ 1$75 tons t 26 square meters
6 . t, hours . .
?
7.21 tons per square meter per day
b. Stee1-making time
(1)
During Japanese control
During Japanese control, it required eight
to nine hours to manufacture steel with a
30-ton open-hearth furnace. This was pro-
bably because the cold pig and scrap iron
method (35 per cent cold pig and 65 per cent
scrap iron) was then being carried out. Due
to repairs and time loss, the frequency of
tapping in 1941 was generally twice a day,
but in 1942 (the peak year before the war's
end) tapping was generally carried out 3.0
to 3.5 times a day.
(2) Chinese Communist control
The hot metal method (molten pig iron 75 per
cent; scrap iron, 25 per cent) is enforced.
In 1952 the production of steel by the 50-ton
open-hearth furnace ordinarUy required six
hours and 20 minutes to seven hours. The
shortest time on record was about five hours
and 40 minutes. In the 1953 plan, the time
required for manufacturing steel was determined
to be an average of six hours and 24 minutes.
(3.75 heats a day). This figure is presumed
to be equal to the international standard, but
Soviet specialists claim that it can be re-
duced to about six hours and 10 minutes by the
"quick steel refining method" which they
advocate. It is believed that four charges a
day will be realized in the near future.
Breakdown of the average time required in
manufacturing steel in the 1953 plan is as
follows:
(a) Tapping time: 5 minutes
(b) Inspection, cleaning and minor hot repair
Preliminary charging: about 2 hours
Melting time: a little over 2 hours
Refining time: 1.5 to 2 hours
Preparations for tapping: 10 minutes
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inside the furnace: 15 to 20 minutes
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C. Operating rate (period of operation in one year)
The operating rate has developed into a high rate
incomparable to that under Japanese control. The actual output of
1952 was $4 to $6 per cent, and in the 1953 plan the average of each
furnace was $5 per cent. This is equivalent to 310 operational days in
a year. With each furnace being charged 3.75 times a day, each furnace
would be tapped an average of 1,163 times a year. Results of 1952
showed that open-hearth furnaces No 1 and No 2 both exceeded 1,000 tap-
pings during the year.
d. Recovery rate
(1) Recovery rate of raw materials (steel output
against amount of charge)
Recovery rate under the 1953 plan was 93 per-
cent because the steel output was one ton..
for $00 kilograms of pig iron and 275 kilograms
of steel scrap, or a total of 1,075 kilograms
charged.
Note; The raw material recovery rate is covered in the raw material
supply and demand plan but not in the steel manufacturing plan.
(2) Recovery rate of steel ingots (amount of steel
ingot against the total steel output)
In the 1953 plan the steel ingot recovery rate
was fixed at 99 per cent on the basis of the results
attained during the latter half of 1952. In
this case the remaining one per cent (unre-
covered portion) consists of steel sticking to
the ladle and that spilt in teeming.
e. Percentage of products meeting specifications
The percentage of products meeting specifications is the
yield rate of accepted ingot for the amount of steel ingot cast from
molten steel. The percentage of products meeting specifications under
the 1953 plan was fixed at 99 per cent. on the basis of the results attained in
1952. Of the other one per cent (rate of rejection), 0.5 per cent is
made up of steel ingots on whose surfaces patterns have appeared, those
that are imbedded with sand and those which had not completely filled
the ingot case, while the remaining 0.5 per cent is made up of those
which are rejected in the pickling test.
13. Repair of open-hearth furnaces
a. Classification of repair
Furnace repairs are classified into hot and cold repairs.
The number of days required for repair work in both cases is counted as
the number of days that furnace operation was suspended. Therefore the
reduction in furnace repair time becomes an important factor in the
improvement of the open-hearth furnace rate of operation, (de facto
extension of the life of open-hearth furnaces). Minor repair works such
as throwing in magnesia clinkers or dolomite clinkers are not considered
as hot repair work defined by the operational regulations. These repairs
were woven into the steel manufacturing time as part of its process, and`
therefore was not included in the time of operational suspension.
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b. Hot repair
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Hot repairs consist of emergency repairs for
such damages as to the hearth and other places.
They are divided into major and minor hot re-
pairs. This classification is clearly defined
in the operational regulations according to
the size and depth of the damaged parts.
Minor hot repairs are ordinarily carried out
after every 12 or 15 tappings. Scores of
shovel-fulls of magnesia clinkers or dolomite
clinkers are thrown into the damaged part and
pressed with soldering iron to fuse them.
The time required for this repair work is
about two hours.
During Japanese control it was necessary to
carry out a minor hot repair after every seven
or eight tappings. Under Chinese Communist
control, the quality of raw materials, quality
of refractory materials and consideration given
from the operational s tandprint have contri-
buted much to increasing the number of tap-
pings before each repair.
Major h~Dt repairs are carried out after every
three minor hot repairs. The damages become
worse after every 40 or 50 tappings; therefore,
repair work is done over again. Time required
for a major hat repair is 14 to 16 h~?urs.
In the 1953 plan the number of days required
for hot repair works over a period of 1,160
tappings was about 15 days. Sometimes hot
and cold repairs were carried out at the same
time. This was carried out after 50 to 60
minor hot repairs and about 20 major hot
repairs.
C. Cold repair
:1)
Repair work other than Jr the hearth --
namely. inside the f urrlac e and regenerator --
is acf:omnl.shed during cold repairs. Cold
repairs n.ra classified into major, medium
and :iinor repairs depending on the extent of
the repair and the place requiring the repair.
(2) Minor cold repairs were mostly done when the
cooling box of the nozzle leaked or collapsed.
When the furnace temperature drops dawn enough
for people to enter the furnace, the repairman
steps inside, removes the damaged part, puts
in new bricks, and stamps the magnesia clinkers
and dolomite clinkers. In this case various
necessary bricks were lined up in the order of
the pnsitians they were going to be used. This
is done to facilitate the progress of the work.
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(3)
After the repair is completed it is necessary
that heat expansion of bricks be carried out
by gradually raising the furnace temperature
for about three days. Since the temperature
curve should be raised in accordance with the
degree of expansion of the bricks at the time
of heating, it is carefully illustrated in
the operational regulations in detail. Heat-
ing is first started by burning firewood in
the furnace.
The number of days required for a minor cold
repair was more than fire days, which included
two days and two nights for pure repair, three
days for heating and cooling.
Medium cold repairs were mostly those of the
roof, nozzle and regenerator.
The roof is replaced when it becomes like a.
stalactite cave, and the regenerator was
cleaned when slags accumulated.
When replacing the roof, the mold frame is
supported from underneath and new bricks are
laid on top. During Japanese control a rock
drill was used when slags solidified, but
after the Chinese Communists took control
dynamite was used for rapid removal to save
time.
The time required from the previous tapping
until the start of the next charging of raw
materials is about 10 days. Of course this
ten days include the time required for cool-
ing, repairing, and heating.
These repairs were carried out after every
210 to 300 tappings. Repairs are carried
out three or four times a year.
(4)
Major old repairs are carried out when hearth
bricks are replaced or when the checkerwork of
the regenerator is replaced. During Japanese
control, part of the medium cold repairs was
classified as major cold repairs. After the
Chinese Communists honk control a strict dis-
tinction has been established between the
medium"and major cold repairs.
Hearth bricks were replaced when molten steel
leaked from the hearth, and checkerwork bricks
were replaced when their surface became tile-
like and the absorption of heat became poor.
During Japanese control, major cold repairs
were conducted about once every three months,
but in the 1953 plan they were scheduled for
about once every six months or about once
every 500 tappings,
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SEA
The time required from the previous tapping
until the next charging of raw materials
ranged from two o three weeks. In this
case heating required about one week.
(5) Periods of the foregoing major, medium and
minor repairs frequently coincided with each
other, and therefore the actual number of
days required was about 40 days a year.
Furnace sidewall was replaced about once
every five years.
D. Electric Furnace Steel Manufacture
This works started steel manufacturing operations by electric fur-
naces immediately after the first transfer-project (transfer of facili-
ties from the coastal area) was completed in autumn 1952. At the end
of the first quarter of 1953 the secr~nd transfer-project was in progress.
Steel manufacturing by electric furnaces at this works, stands on
an equal footing with steel manufacturing by open-hearth furnaces in
all aspects including plant organization, facilities, and work processes,
therefore it has become a specialty of this mill.
1.
Facilities
a.
b.
Facilities layout -- see Chart No 10-29.
Data on facilities -- see Table No 10-40
2.
Operational method
a. In the first quarter of 1953, there were no out-
standing characteristics in the way ref operational method because
only a short period had elapsed since operation started.
b. This mill still had a long way to go befor< it would
be able to produce such high quality steel as tool steel, and high-speed
steel.
C. In the charging of raw n~terials, cold materials
were of course charged.
3. Raw materials
a. Principal raw materials
(1) Supply source
P.aw material consisted mainly of billet scraps,
but miss-rolled products and other small steel
scraps were also used. Control of steel scrap
is strictly carried out from the standpoint of
refining.
There is no definite information concerning
the supply source of such ferroalloy as ferro-
silicon.
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(2) Amount required
In the production plan for 1953, the production
of good ingot (raw steel) by electric furnaces
was fixed at $,100 tons. It was estimated that
the amount of steel scrap needed would be
around 9,000 tons when computing from th?:
rates of recovery (steel manufacturing and
ingot casting) and acceptance.
b. Electric power
(1) Supply source
Electric power was supplied by the thermal
power plant established within the works.
No fuel other than electric power was used.
(2) Amount required
Although details are unknown, it is said
that about 1,500 kilowatt-hours of electri-
city ie needed to produce a ton of steel.
When computing with this figure as the
basis, more than 12,000,000 kilowatt-hours
of electricity should have been consumed
to attain the steel production goal for 1953
($,100 tons of steel meeting the specifi-
cations)
Note: The calorie input for the 1,500 kilowatt-hours of electricity
required to produce a ton of steel would be as follows when
calculated by the Japanese system;
1,500 KWH x $60 kcal/KWH (unit calorific value) 1,290,000
kilocalories (electric power calorific value) t 7$.4 per cent
(percentage of calorie input) e approximately 1,650,000 kilo-
calories (total calorific value)
The percentage of calorie input is equal to the percentage of
the electric power supply calorific value for the total calo-
rific value produced by electric power, oxidizing agent and
flux.
The figure 1,650,000 kilocalories seems to be appropriate
judging from the presDnt thermal efficiency of open-hearth
furnaces in Cotmnuni st CHINA. However, further study is
necessary because we have an empirical impression that it
?was about 2,000,000 kilocalories in the early stage of opera-
tion by open-hearth furnaces.
4. Production
a. Output -- see Table Nn 10-41
The plan for the first quarter of 1953 c~11ed for the
production of 1,$00 tans of.good ingot (raw steel) and the planned
total production for that year was $,l00 tons by electric furnaces No 1
and No 2 (rated capacity, three tons each). It was reported that
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electric furnace No 3 , (rated capacity, $ tons), expected to be
completed in autumn of the same year, would be used to supplement
the foregoing two furnaces in case it becomes difficult to attain
the planned output. The amount of production by electric furnace
No 3, however, was not included into the plan of the same year.
For reference, Table No 10-41 shows the estimated
production for 1954. The figures, however, cannot be expected to
be accurate,
b. Products
Steel ingots for structural purposes were all ..
killed steel, and consisted mainly of good qua Uty carbon steel for
general structural purposes (for use as rails).
C. Specifications
wring the first quarter of 1953, workers from the
workshop department made castings (gears and other items) for machine-
tools at this plant. A large quanity was not produced because the
molding shop was inadequately equipped. It seems that this shop was
used for the sake of expediency only.
The sizes of ingots conform to those of open-hearth
furnace steel manufacture. The quality of steel, as far as carbon
steel is concerned, is as previously related in the paragraph dealing
with open-hearth furnace steel manufacture.
d. Distribution of products
Products are distributed throughout the nation, espcially
to the state-operated mills in CHINA proper. However, silicon steel is
shipped to the various mills under the Blectric Industry Control Bureau.
313
. In the fourth quarter of 1952, carbon steel for
structural purposes was mainly refined. Besides the above steel,
this mill temporarily produced special steel for gun barrels in be-
half of the T'ai-yuan Machinery and Tool Plant which had electric
furnace troubles. In manufacturing special steel, ingot cases were
borrowed from the Tsai-yuan Machinery and Tool Plant to cast ingots.
The production plan for 1953 was as follows:
Products
First quarter
Annual
Steel ingot
(good ingot)
1,300 tons
3,600 tons
for structural purposes
Silicon steel ingot
500 tons
4,500 tons
(good ingot)
Silicon steel ingots were to be rolled into sheets
for use in electric motors and transformers. Production was low in
the first quarter of 1953 because operation was suspended during
January for technical reasons.
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e. Data on production
(1)
Effective utilization coefficient
(a) Actual results at the end of 1953
1 Furnace No 1: 11.67 tons per
1,000 kilovolt-amperes per day
2 Furnace No 2: 9.$3 tons per 1,000
kilovolt-amperes per day
Calculation of the coefficient is as
follows:
1
2
Furnace No 1: 3.3 tons (each tapping) x
2 hours
6.5 hours (frequency of tapping a day)
i- 1,050 kilovolt-amperes = approximately
11.67 tons per 1,000 kilovolt amperes
per day
Furnace No 2: 3.6 tons (each tapping) x
2 hours
6.5 . hours (frequency of tapping a day)
+ 1,200 kilovolt-amperes = approximately
9.$3 tons per 1,000 kilovolt '.mperes a day
(b) Plan for 1953
1 furnace No 1: 13.69 tons per 1,000
kilovolt-amperes per day (each tapping
3.7 tons)
2 Furnace No 2: 12.00 tons per 1,000
kilovolt-amperes per day (each tap-
ping 4.0 tons)
Calculation of the coefficient is as
follows:
1 Furnace No 1: 3.7 tons x 2. hours
5 hours x
1,050 kilovolt-amperes = approximately
13.69 tons per 1,000 kilovolt-amperes
per day
2 Furnace No 2: 4.0 tons x 2 hour's
- $ hours x
1,200 kilovolt-amperes = approximately
14.00 tons per 1,000 kilovolt-amperes
per day
(2) Recovery rate
The recovery rate (yield rate) of ingot from
molten steel was fixed at 9$ per cent in the
1953 plan based on the actual results of 1952.
(3) Percentage of products meeting specifications
In the 1953 plan, the rate of acceptance of
steel ingot was fixed at 96 per cent based on
the actual results of 1952.
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(4)
(5)
SECFET
Operating rate
The actual result of 1952 was $0 per cent.
The 1953 plan called for $2 to $3 per cent
(300 days of operation)
Reason and number of days of work suspension
As in the case of open-hearth furnaces, opera-
tion is suspended whenever cold or hot repair
is carried out. The number of days that
operation was suspended during the 1953 plan
amounts to 65 days (including holidays) when
inversely calculated from the operating rate.
V. Rolling Department
A. Affiliation and Number of Plants
1. Affiliation
The rolling department is affiliated with the Production
Office of the T'ai-yuan Iron and Steel Works and is under the super-
vision of the assistant superintendent for production (also holds the
position of Chief of the Production Office), It is divided intot he
bloom-rolling and sheet rolling departments, he
2. Number of plants
sheet mill
a. Plants affiliated with the rolling department
(1) Medium bar mill
(2) Small bar mill
b. Plan affiliated with the sheet rolling department;
B. History
1. When the T+ai-yuan Steel Mill, the predecessor of the
present works, was first established before the war, YEN Hsi-shan
requested a German engineer to draw up a plan for a medium bar mill
and imported a mill from GIlKANy as a part of the facilities for es-
tablishi.ng an integrated process of steel manufacture.
2. While this plant was still under construction, it was
occupied by the Japanese Army in November 1937. With the operation of
the Pig-iron and steel manufacturing departments the estab'
a rolling department became urgent . ' llshment of
pleted in August 191]. and operation staus the medium bar mill, was com-
rted from September.
3. Later, with the intensification of the Pacific War, the
for an inPrease in local output of steel materials x demand
of a small bar mill was started in ~. ncre~sed. Constrt,etio
from 1914 as an annex plant of the medium Tbar his mill started operation
small bar mill, however, were those which were o mill. Equipment of the
out North CHINA. These equipment Were rebuilt andeusedtatrth~. d?shmough-
mill .
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Itr was the policy to use the power source jointly with the medium bar
mill, and it was set up so that the small bar mill would be operated
when the medium bar mill suspended operation.
4. After the war, this mill came under the management of
the Chinese Nationalists, and operation was continued with the prewar
facilities. The production of this mill during the most active period
was equivalent to several ten per cent of that under Japanese control.
Pressure of the Chinese Communist Army, however, became intense after
the "Wheat-harvest Operation" which took place in spring 1948. Opera-
tion, therefore, was barely maintained. Construction of the roller
plant was started during this period.
5. Immediately after this plant came under the management
of the Chinese Communists in May 1949 the rolling mill office was
bombed and damaged by the Chinese Nationalist air raids. There was
no immediate damage, however, to the productive facilities of the mill.
6. Construction of a sheet mill started from late 1951.
Progress of the construction was hampered somewhat due to the fact
that it coincided with the Three-anti and Five-anti movements which
were at their height. For necessary facilities, the sheet rolling
facilities laying idle in SHANGHAI were to be collected and transferred
here, parts that were lacking were ordered from the various mills with-
in the country, and thus part of the transfer of facilities was com-
pleted in November 1952. Operation with one set (TN Presumably rolling
facilities) started from February 1953? At that time there were two
sets of sheet rolling facilities at this rill. Great hopes were en-
tertained of this mill because this was the only regular sheet mill
under the Chinese Communist administration.
7. In the meantime, the roller plant was completed and the
production of small rollers started after 1952?
. E. In preparation for the enforcement of the First Five-
year Plan, the Chinese Communists carried out remodeling and construc-
tion work from summer through autumn 1952. This work involved the
addition of a 100-ton heating furnace and other equipment to the medium
bar mill for the purpose of doubling the capaicity of facilities. It
also involved the separation of the small bar miu from the medium bar
mill for the purpose of effecting full scale simultane?ua operation
of these mulls from winter 1952?
C. Plant Building Layout and Structure
See Chart No 10-30 and Table No 10-42
D. Medium Bar Mill
Due to reasons connected with the power source, the medium bar mill
was jointly operated with the s-r11 bar mill until autumn 1952. Inde-
pendent operation became possible from winter of that year because the
small bar mill was separated. This mill, however, has clearly indicated
that it carries out bloom rolling as its main operation and addition-
ally carries out steel material rolling.
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WA
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117
Doc No 90225
(10) (PB)
1. E
quipment
No 1O-A4
a.
b.
C.
d
Layout of mill equipment -- see Chart No 10-31
Medium bar rolling equipment -- see Table No 10-43
Heating furnace and gas producers -- .see Table
ment of medium bar mill -- see
ui
Attached e
Table No 10-45
.
e.
f.
q
p
Shape of medium-size rollers -- see Chart No 10-32
New heating furnace and preheating apparatus
see Chart No 10-33
g.
--
Old preheating apparatus for the heating furnace
see Chart No 10-34
h.
Structural outline of the lateral conveyor --
see Chart No 10-35
i.
Structural outline of the pressure straightener
see Chart No 10-36
j.
Structural outline of the roller straightener --
see Chart No 10-37
[i;'E:cI;iT HANDLING REQUIRED NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATTONALS
SECRET
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Dc c No 90225 (10) (PB)
2. Imprroven~nt of equipment
a. During the period from autumn to winter 1952, the
small bar mill was separated from the medium bar mill and made indepen-
dent. Thus, the restriction to the productive capacity of the plants,
which was heretofore caused by joint usage of equipment, was eliminated.
b. During the period from summer to autumn 1952, a
400-ton heating furnace and a 30-ton gas producer for medium rolling
purposes were newly installed. This doubled the medium rolling capaci-
ty and made possible the full operation of existing ,rolling facilities.
At t_re same time, paralleling with this, expansion and augmentation of
steel ingot and finished products transporting facilities were com-
pleted. Also at the same time, auxiliary facilities such as the cooling
pit and steel ingot yard were enlarged.
In spring 1953, the 400-ton heating furnace was mainly
used and the 200-ton heating furnace was merely used for heating special
products such as silicon steel and special structural steel.
C . Following Chinese Communist control, a special repair
shop was established for each project and machinery was quickly and com-
pletely installed.
3. shortcomings in capacity and layout of equipment
a. Shortcomings in capacity
Following Chinese Communist control, the workload for
the motors becare overloaded because of the adoption of the 24-hour
operation system and tee increase in the rolling workload. Particular-
ly, during the summer season, motors were liable to becorr overheated
and there was a necc ity of suspending operations for the sake of
safety. Therefore, in spring 1953, there was a plan to replace the
existing motors by large-type motors.
b. Shortcomings in the layout
The plant area is extremaly limited and this has been
causing much inconvenience in handling stel billets at the cooling
pit. O;;ing to the disposition of the existing facilities of the small
bar mill, transportation of steel billets to the small bar mill has
been a great hindrance in the overall operation of the medium bar mill.
Therefore , in spring 1953, it was reported that the small bar mill
will be moved for the purpose ?f incr.asing the r~edium rolling capacity.
4. Coordination of facilities
a. Coordination between the n ilium rolling facilities
and tie steel ir~anufacturing facilities
Since information concerning this matter has been given
under tee steel manufacturing department, it will not be repeated here.
b. Balance between the bJ.o3riina capacitor and the steel
rolling capacity
Plans for 1953 called for the total output of 119,000
tons -- 100,000 tons of billets and 19,000 tons of sheet bars. Of this
total, 60,000 tons of billets and the 19,000 tons of sheet bars were for
use within the works and the remaining 40,000 tons of billets were to be
sold to the outside.
11$
SPECIAL HANDLING BEOL I BED NOT BELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
SECRET
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
The output of s1ral1 bar material made from the billets
within the works is 54,000 tons and the output of sheet metal made from
the sheet bars is 14,500 tons. The medium blooming capacity is 40,000
tons more than the demand for raw material for small bar and sheet
metal.
In the said plan, however, since the output of medium
bar material was fixed at e 000 tons it is quite certain that the
above surplus output for outside sale was not the result of limitations
in facilities but was rather because of a policy to adjust the demand
and supply of commodities.
. Originally, the rated rolling capacity of ui dium bar
material was 45,000 tons (nearly 50,000 tons in billets), and including
the 60,000 tons of billets for small bar material and the 19,000 tons
of sheet bars for sheet metal, the blooming capacity reached about
130,000 tons. Therefore, if the irdiur rolling process is smoothly
carried out without any interruption in the blooming and finishing pro-
cess it can be regard3d that the blooming capacity (medium bar roughing
mill) and the output capacity of steel stocks (medium and small bar
material and sheet metal) are in balance.
5. Operational method
a. 1''edium bar rolling process -- see Chart :.0 10-3?.
b. Transportation of steel ingots
Steel ingots are transported from she ingot casting yard
to the mediui-: bar mill by the railways within this iron and steel works,
and are c:.arged into a heating furnace by :mans of a 10-ton crane
(15-ton crane before Chinese Conrcunist control).
C. Operation of the old heating furnace
(Following the installation of a parallel-type continuous
haating furnace after the Chinese Communists took control, the old
heating furnace was used for the heating of special steel ingots such
as steel ingots for the electric furnaces).
(1) During Japanese control and Chinese Nationalist
eLfll.L?u L, 1Q
0
0
o.
w
0
N
N
0
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,1
I.
' I
Ii
I
I
~. -
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Chart No 1x37
l+~ dium Bar Mil Roller Straightener
(End of the. first quarter of 1953)
Side View
('___? 1
i
Ground Plan
__I> M
#I?4 i., fl7J+J.T[
9 -r ,
I ; i , !' High-speed gear
Li_i_I i I l i 11 I [ !~_ I I. 4 I
QUO--hp motor
292
SPECIAL !ANBtLTNG REOL IBEO NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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- ` f
rri t I -h?-~ -~ !
i-. r----?'-j
f~IJ'H
a
Reduction gear
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Medium Bar Rolling Process
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
Steel ingot yard jj
Freight car
Crane
400-ton '
heating furnace
(For billets)
~`
Lshearing machine l
______L__Crane
Cooling bed
Crane
ii_Small bar mill
200-ton -~
heating furnace
Rollgang j
..- J
Roughing roll]
. I Conveyor
____j
i__No 1 finishing mill
j Conveyor
(For steel No 2 finishing mill (For sheet
material) bar)
Rollgang
i S wing machine
.1 Crane
L-'g bed
IP or duct ,processing
!-and straightening
f_ _....?
I Crane
L2
L. Freight car
.y
ProCu ct storagee 1:j
293
Rollgang
~Sa g machirie
Crane
Cooling bed J
1 Crane
Freight car
LSheet mill:ijj
SPECIAL 1~ANDLING BEQC IBED NOT FELEASA#3LE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS I
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Chart No 10--39
Layout of Small Bar Mill Facilities
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
,1S.
ir
i''
!
,it I
1ii I
/- itl
;.I
1$Z0q _mm
t: --.-----.- *- ? -- ?--......- , ? J l 1
I ~I''Ii
!I,
I -?,-~fT
i I
' .;I ! di i i i I
'
t20 ".
y ?~ I
i
\ ' Small bar mill
1
.. l'll
iill
( 4)
Medium
bar mill
vi' _I1~iI
i Ef2 Ji 1
i i,J
9)j ,i i ; {
~!. p
~I illl n1~
L
.~
I
~ `
;
'
''
l
l
16,'J I TT
; '
3
-!"
III ~' - I ..i_.~-
Oi
III 0 o' -- 0
1 ' c: r 1I'I
H? LI . n ;''; r1 I l; l
f ~)K15 ;c;' ?
Note: The thick lines shown on this chart indicate
the facilities which were brought in and
increased in late 1952?
294
ib m
SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIRED NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
o'
m
H
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1
9
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Chart No 10-39 (Cont'd)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
$
9
10
ll
Designation
Medium bar mill motet (Formerly it was used together with small
bar mill.)
Reduction gear of medium bar mill
Medium bar roughing roll
Reduction gear for the old small bar mill (2$O rpm)
Pulley for the old small bar mill (diameter, 1,200)
Flywheel for the old roughing roll (diameter, 3,$00)
Cotton rope for the old universal chuck 7
Pinion for roughing roll
Roughing roll (three high)
Motor (400 hp) for the new roughing roll
rpm) for the new roughing roll
Reduction gear (120
.
12
12'
13
Universal chuck gear for the old finishing roll
Transfer of 12
The old finishing roll pinion
13'
Transfer of 13
14
The old finishing roll ( I - VI are roll numbers)
14$
Transfer of 14
15
The old cooling bed
15'
Transfer of 15
16
The old reeling machine
16'
Transfer of 16
17
Finishing roll motor (1,000 hp)
1$
Finishing roll reduction gear (300 rpm)
19
The old heat Lrng furnace
19'
The new heating furnace (Expansion of 19)
20
The old heating furnace charging machine
20'
Transfer of 20
21
Motor (15 hp ) for the old charging machine
21'
Transfer of 21
22
Suspension lever
23
Rollgang
24
Coke gas pipe (diameter, 10 inches; five meters above the ground;
450 meters to coke plant)
25
Billet yard
26
The new flue (underground)
27
The new chimney
2$
Wire rod yard (outdoor)
29
The medium bar mill ^hirrney
295
SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIRED NOT BELEASADLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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SECRET
Shape of the Small Bar Finishing Roll
Japanese Roll
_ .. 300 - l2 ?
SpE~TJITNG REC~t IRED NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Chart No 1041
Small. Bar MiU Roll Bearing
Upeer Roll Hanger
Note: The synthetic resinous metal is widely used in JAPAN as the latest
new method. In this new method, oil is not used, water alone is
sufficient.
Water
Water
JL11- i Roll shaf~
..;,'
~? i_. ,
Gun metal
Lower Roll Bearing
Wader
Bearing
Gun metal
297
Oil
,
.. -..-Hanger
/ (PoU / \, N shafts
%ti'
t
I ~a
!./._.__ ...~_
Babbitts metal
--.- Babbit' s metal
' SPECIAL HANDLING REO TREO NOT RELEASA3LE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
SECRET
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Chart No 10-42
Installation of the Small Bar Finishing Roll
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
St
Roll
Foundation
.
??
'5 ..
-
\ `'
.5. ."
, ` ~?
? L ?.
- - ??
Processed
steel
2Q$
I SPECIAL HADLING REQUIRED NOT PELEASAPLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
SECRET
950 mm
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Foundation
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a
0
M
C,
Chart No 10-43
door
Coal
Furnace hearth
Extraction
Dolomite stamp
Dolomite is star ed
e
dth anhydrous coal
tar.
u ertieal Section of the Heating Furnace)
door
I, , ,
~--~ Cross-section of the furnace
A Profile of a __*._
%\\?.\\ .,_Br1 ck
~ v
Section of the
11--___-
Furnace Hearth ! 1 .. ,
LIII]
(Grate
Water
Heating Furnace of the Small Bar Mill
(end of the first quarter of 1953)
12,00 mm
Steel Steel
. sleeper bloom
(Exchanged once
every six
months
soo flT:.
Steel
_- Steel sleeper
bloom
100 mm
Steel sleep er
(Ground Plan of the Charging Machine)
.Steel bloom
.L.
FT -s
----- Charging machine
Motor
``Worm-gear
Jji 15 hp motor
Side View of the Charging Machine
Steel sleeper
----- Worm gear
t~
0
C)
2
0
0
H
0
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Chart No 10-44
Operation of the Suspension Lever for Small Bar Rolling
. (End of the first quarter of 1953)
Socket
Suspension lever
I1
I.
300
Suspension
retal
From heating
furnace to the
rollgang of the
roughing roll
rSPECIAL HANDL TN0 RE iTIRD ~ NGT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS I
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Pulley
1
Rail
\ Suspension
t metal
Chain
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cJ~t I- I
v ~
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Chart No 10-45
Structure of the Rollgang for the Small Bar Roughing Roll
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
500 ::I . 500
150
d
L1
' 1
Bevel gear
Reduction gear --h
Ij1I
7.5 hp
motor
(Interlocking device is set up underground.)
301
SPECIAL HANDLING REOLIREO NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
SECfET
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Roller
Inclined ~-
Ij
j I 'Runner
SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIRED NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Structure of the Coo Ung Bed of the Small Bar Mill
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
Motor /!ice
(horsepower i
unknown)
Gear
--- 2, 500 ,
I
I
-~
Roller
~
liii
h
1
---
V
I
F
? _
~r
0
,Q
0 mm
T
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 w
0
w
Chart No 10-7
Reel
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Winders of the Sma17. Bar Roll
/; .,
F-
I-v--
I
1F
"O
800 mm /
Reduction
gear
,
:q I
Jf
Lii
...' Concrete
0
J
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15 hp
n
rn
'6
rn
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301
LSPECIAL_FATLINGREQLIRED NOT PELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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SE'':.ET
Dolly
SPECIAL M'!DLING REQUIRED NOT PELEASAI3LE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Ope rational Proce ss for Small Bar Rolling
(End of the first quarter of 19 53 )
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Locomotive crane
Heating furnace
Roughing mill
I+
Finishing mill
Cooling bed
Finishing stand
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(tT\
Doc No 90225 (10)
. Chart No 10-50
Small Dar Roughing Roll Pass and Operational Process
Upper roll
3b0
VI
Mid~1e roll ,f
.''_ .22 mm
~
,55
Material (hot steel bloom)
thiclmess $0 millimeters
306
SPECIAL HANDLING RECLIBEO NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS j
I`
Lower roll
10 t0112 per cent
Brushed
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H
4-1
._ . , rtj
N
a0
Q)
0
a ~- .-----?--- ti i a
H
N
._w.._.-_?-
0
~4
I
N
tY Ly
-i
0
H
H
307
SPECIAL 'I!ANDLING REQUIRED NOT PELEASARLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
i
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(It is not perfectly round
y
Roll (Upper)
(Lower) roll
3o$
1 SBECI AL HANDLING REQUIRED NOT RELEASABLE TO FORE IGN NATIONALS
"Vacant space
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 r*i
H
O
2,000 mm 300 rn1tSoo mm -~!
I Steel sheet (laid on bottom)
f00 degrees
~
Steel sheet
laced against
A the wall Centigrade
Cross-section of the Foil Sheet Furnace of the Sheet Nilll
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(End of the first quarter of 19$3)
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^
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Sheet Roll Three-stage Reduction Gear
Double helical gears
Flywheel
3,000 mm
4
312
LrITNTG BEOiTREB NOT FELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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SECRE
Structure of the Sheet Mill's Continuous Annealing Furnace
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
Brick
1-1 s ~, C1 u
000 c7o; ; C) U
-Frame made of
cast steel
SPECIAL .1!ANDLING REGLIRED NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
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 x
d
H
O
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Chart No 1O" 59
.
'..3'uan Iron and Steel ~~~orlcs
T
Sheet Roiling Operation at the ai.
(Fund of the first quarter of 1
in thickness
1 Rolling ~ 0 millimeter
of sheet less than 1. operation Q
1
,
Sheet bay.. .n g ahca.gmachine, ~urnaee r rol1 ro hi~ ll. ~.
n ~ IPrinry ~
rqu hinb ~ ~. ~~xa,~u. n ~1 Heating crude T , She ~
.~l~ fQ1 ~ ~- roll ro~hi.n m1~.1 Flnishln lnxll
---Ied~ ?1 ShEtfu rou ~ha.nu .~,rnace..... [econdary roll (finishing
g i
.e
Il .~.....~.......
-- - _.._..._...._..._ ._. _ . ,.~.. ~., ~ ~.
? c ~s ea~a.n
Old 1011., - innealIn
n c ~- g anYl g
~~ /fh ~ r~ ~? ~?y~ sheara.n _ machine --~Ro IrY ~.! ~, ~
?.? A~ zeG.ci. aa~ ~8 U.1 C4t~Qn C7 C7
(L)
? S I......
r --~
Fleet straightener) {Inpectiori multi le~~.~1dl - Product
sp 6, .,
.-~. 1 ina.shln ~traa. 111ena. p
of sheet 1.c,~~~s than a n U millimeter in thickness
operation.
2 Rolling
~
1. 2 _....,.~.
.' PrimaryrnL roil roughing mi
. --~- Heatan crude furnace --
Sheet a ar ~ shin ~-
--~ S 1 sheara.n machnne ~~
6
- I ng ro11rougha.ng .1].-- Doublz. ru ~ doubling
rou ha. r.
e
a, hcati.~~ foal sheet .Furnao ..~. ~
~-- ~. ISecondary Pra.mt r,~ g
eet fornate -Fa,r~.slunra rola .~ fir a. i1 . g and
machine)!-1Seoondary 1ishineb miLl. -. Shearin
heating zoa.1 sly
.
10
~ Roughing straightening (cold roll) -..~. IAnnea7ing l annealing furnaco J I-
-
? _rp -,.tener .Inspecta.on .-1> Product
r e ' n:tlta.le~~~.ndle,sheet stray ~l..~
-~. Fa.na.sha.~ s, traa.-11t na. t~
-..
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(4)
(7)
(~)
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 m
W
H
0~.
Chart No 10-61
Plant No 1
Pl~nt No 2.
Utilized b
electric repairing
department)
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.Cross Section of the Chilled Casting Plant Building
Sm
....;' L'
...~ '. _.._'j ' t:...
'
i
.
bm
I,.
fl
4
I
. i
u
,
i
4
il ,
_:
;
'. 11; m ;
$m
r
8m
2lm
~_ ..-_.......~
5
i
20m
..._...__...._.
,I
II
~I
1'?
~I
r
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G.L.
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
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Doc No 90225 (10) (PB) S E C R E I
Chart No 10-63
Layout of Facilities
(End of the first
I
r
7
I
9
-- - . I
--
N
3 !
6
^1
0
5
lOm 15m
i
m
LEGEND
1
5,000--kw generator,
turbine
2
6,000-kw generator,
turbine
3
Blower
4
GIRUJITSUSHU* Boiler
5
Babcock boiler
6
Small boiler
7
Blast furnace gas pipe
a
New cooling tower
9
Old cooling tower
3l
I SPECIAL HANDLING REQU I RED NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
-
of Power Plant No 3
quarter of 1953)
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PAI-CHIA- ' :1:. '
To TA-T'UNG
To r _. -'. i
c} HUANG-HO U-YUAN
1
,
North
Tungpu
-x `. I
t
, . r ~~~ take 1-
CHUANG _!Jw-a \'In- } Airfield I
I
Railway 4
bridge f ~.
HSIN-CH'ENGTs'un
Water Intake and Water Supply Facilities
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
FEN
Ho
r
i
_.
!
' ~ j
I i
t
i 1
I ~ 1HSIN-CH' ENG
- ;I 1
.:1\\
r 1
I
--
-
_
I.~
: k
E\: A
1
I
~ ,I\ , To T' ai-
1 i' CHAO-CHUANG /I North
_ `?'~? ~~ ' i ~ Station
Ts
:4: ti Worker' s ,
; ~--,L
: - ` (quarters r -
T.. 1 t L. ~' ~
`
, station
-- ditch`;,,
_ '!\ i.i~- `Deep wells
ull1ping i
Il
-.I -take'
::1T
P
,,..I
:__ Reservoir ;, towers (2)
J I i
j f i
I . I_;` 1 ~, - - 'Water stations (2)
:'i ,~ 'ri l: ).:. : _ .. _ z Water supply
Reservoi
No 2
Reservoir
No l
2i I
? l 4
KU--CH' ENd
T'ai-yuan
Iron and
Steel Mill
Ts' uri :Quarters for
Japanese
319
SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIED NOT RELEASABLE TO. FOREIGN NATIONALS I
T,
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Chart No 10-65
Organization Technica1 Supervision Section End of the first quarter of 1953)
of the
Technical Supervision Section
Chief
Physics Team
-PhYsical Testing Subsection ---Meta11agraphica1 Team
s. -. Heat Treatment Team
r- Organic Team
''-Chemical Testing Subsection
Iron and Steel Team
_. Coke Team
'-Special Steel Team
Note: Total number of personnel -- 200
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Combined Decision Group
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Chart Nn 10-66
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Ericksen Cupping Test Procedure
Products
ti
1
diameter
Plate
I
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v
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Chart Nn 10-66
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Ericksen Cupping Test Procedure
Products
ti
1
diameter
Plate
I
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Chart Nn 10-66
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Ericksen Cupping Test Procedure
Products
ti
1
diameter
Plate
I
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Chart No 10-69
Housing Plan at KU-CH'ENG-TS~UN
('Iwo-family unit)
21 shaku
One family
Kitchen
About
6-mat
room
About
6-mat room
12 -------- . 7 .\ F3 I
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Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-
;u
-?-----Storeroom
`_____-- Wa shroom
-/
Entrance
One family \
RDP81 -01 043R00060001 0004-6
0
0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Housing Facilities at SHIN-LLP1U
Layout of quarters
(Family quarters)
( Barra ck-type) 1
20 m
(Bachelors quarters)
(Barra ck-type
L_
Cross section of bachelor's quarters
f.,~-_y._- :.~~. Ground level
f'. yi/y/ %!/E //.T%:!
k-- 2 m- ->1 m -. - 2 in -~
325
r--------~.-...
SPECIAL HANDLING REOL I RED NOT PELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS I
[taom-~ 10
10 m
__.i"...
m (Divided into
10 households)
I.5
rn
-J
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 f)
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Chart No 10-71
Location of the Yangch uan Ironworks
Hi land
To Yan -ch'uan
Mine Affairs
Bureau
Housing
for the min
Ya -ch' uan
Ironworks
T' AO C h' uan
T'AO Chuan is
normall
Y
dry, and sO
it can be
crossed
without
a bridge.
To
THAI-YUAN
To
WU-THAI
iii c
e~t
Cx
YUAN /~n
v \ HSING
iiiHousing for
the iron-
works
Width of river,
about
250m
To
,
1
YxNG-CH'UAN-GRAN I~ "? SHIN-CHIE1- .i. Unresto~i
(Station)
High land To PING- CHUfWG ~ as yet.)
TING ~
S
outh ~
v
'N
l1
CH 'ANGCH ' IH
Standard gauge
Narrow guage
50 0
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1
a
rn . A T ,.\ YAN
C~
SHOUW ;, r ' SHIN-CHIA-.
~:...
L
~;. ,- -
YA CHUANG
~ b NG ''
1
:a YU-TZ'U
.kt 1
ails
were re-4.
moved
SHANSI
~_??? r C
HING-
Provencet
x,
HOPEH Province
0 100 150 200 lan
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SECRET
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Chart No 10.72
Facilities Layout of the Yang-ch' uan Ironworks
(Summer 1950)
Clamp burning coking ovens--
about 60 ovens
Ore bin
.Qla st -,+--~
~a c L_
27,000 tsubo
:J
I. '1
C J
JN
N
IN
-
o
o
o
,power ~~ i_--
3 2 \ 1 u plant
~ \7cJ6?? PjP
Hot-blast
stove
Blowers
_..,_ ,_ ?, 1 4 l o r t~
Ore storage yard
.
O.01
L
_ --____ room
Blower
room
,1
Front gate
%
Standard gauge
railroad
siding
Before the end of the. war a ceramic plant
was located at this place, but it was
removed after the Chinese Communists
took over control.
1
32'7
Water
supply
well
SPCREQIJIBEB NOT FELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS I
SEGE3.
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f--f----1-; ---i -i---+-- __4--
r, Dolly line fi ~ffi^A
L
shop
Living quarters
Cast iron
pipe plant
f- ---
Cupola
ti
Cast iron.,. ~b
plant --T -
Repair
work
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
50X1 -HUM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
50X1 -HUM
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
50X1 -HUM
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 r-
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Table No 10-3
Department
Item
Coke and j Lump coke
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Itemized Output of Products
Output during the peak year j Output for 1952 jOutput for 1953 (Planned)
before
unitthe,nd of war (alt: ton) (unit: ton)
(: ton
1942
,
by-products n
ar -- --- 00 -- 7
4 3 00
U
nknown
_ i .
Ammonium sulphate " -------------- 3
00 230 .
Crude benzo _________
~-
1 ----- 620
t 1'6 80
___ _
Pitch
Creosote ______________ ;
900 1,100 tf
?t- - 3 _-.__...-.-..,...._..__~._........~.....
Crude na hthalene ------------
P 20 ! u
I 2
- 5
I, rm~do ~n+hrono~~o It r7ca __
Pig iron
Steel
Pig iron
Open-hearth steel
n ______________
17
-_.u~rrrrr $ / 530
91,200
j ~ (In springy 1953
Rolling
Casting
Electric furnace
steel
Medium bar mill
Small bar mill
Sheet mill
11
------- 2,530 ~ 2,990 ~
194,280 ~ 290
000
44, zul over 130,000 151,250
, 0 % f this ount
~ ~ Of which
about 30% were i for
consisted of ~ P~. ,
. g I ,
CdStltl
for casting
36;000
130,000
i
statistic revised to 114, 2~0
Some ' Structural steel ,
X100
s
about 30,000 ~ Unlmown ~ Steel stock 6,000
1944 about 5,000
! Billet 100,000
Sheet bar 19,000
Unknown ~ Steel stock 54,000
- I Silicon steel plate 3,500
Ordinary steel plate 11,000
Chilled 610 Chilled 1,000
~ (?) (TN Sic.)
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Table No 10-3
Department
Item
Coke and j Lump coke
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Itemized Output of Products
Output during the peak year j Output for 1952 jOutput for 1953 (Planned)
before
unitthe,nd of war (alt: ton) (unit: ton)
(: ton
1942
,
by-products n
ar -- --- 00 -- 7
4 3 00
U
nknown
_ i .
Ammonium sulphate " -------------- 3
00 230 .
Crude benzo _________
~-
1 ----- 620
t 1'6 80
___ _
Pitch
Creosote ______________ ;
900 1,100 tf
?t- - 3 _-.__...-.-..,...._..__~._........~.....
Crude na hthalene ------------
P 20 ! u
I 2
- 5
I, rm~do ~n+hrono~~o It r7ca __
Pig iron
Steel
Pig iron
Open-hearth steel
n ______________
17
-_.u~rrrrr $ / 530
91,200
j ~ (In springy 1953
Rolling
Casting
Electric furnace
steel
Medium bar mill
Small bar mill
Sheet mill
11
------- 2,530 ~ 2,990 ~
194,280 ~ 290
000
44, zul over 130,000 151,250
, 0 % f this ount
~ ~ Of which
about 30% were i for
consisted of ~ P~. ,
. g I ,
CdStltl
for casting
36;000
130,000
i
statistic revised to 114, 2~0
Some ' Structural steel ,
X100
s
about 30,000 ~ Unlmown ~ Steel stock 6,000
1944 about 5,000
! Billet 100,000
Sheet bar 19,000
Unknown ~ Steel stock 54,000
- I Silicon steel plate 3,500
Ordinary steel plate 11,000
Chilled 610 Chilled 1,000
~ (?) (TN Sic.)
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Table No 10-3
Department
Item
Coke and j Lump coke
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Itemized Output of Products
Output during the peak year j Output for 1952 jOutput for 1953 (Planned)
before
unitthe,nd of war (alt: ton) (unit: ton)
(: ton
1942
,
by-products n
ar -- --- 00 -- 7
4 3 00
U
nknown
_ i .
Ammonium sulphate " -------------- 3
00 230 .
Crude benzo _________
~-
1 ----- 620
t 1'6 80
___ _
Pitch
Creosote ______________ ;
900 1,100 tf
?t- - 3 _-.__...-.-..,...._..__~._........~.....
Crude na hthalene ------------
P 20 ! u
I 2
- 5
I, rm~do ~n+hrono~~o It r7ca __
Pig iron
Steel
Pig iron
Open-hearth steel
n ______________
17
-_.u~rrrrr $ / 530
91,200
j ~ (In springy 1953
Rolling
Casting
Electric furnace
steel
Medium bar mill
Small bar mill
Sheet mill
11
------- 2,530 ~ 2,990 ~
194,280 ~ 290
000
44, zul over 130,000 151,250
, 0 % f this ount
~ ~ Of which
about 30% were i for
consisted of ~ P~. ,
. g I ,
CdStltl
for casting
36;000
130,000
i
statistic revised to 114, 2~0
Some ' Structural steel ,
X100
s
about 30,000 ~ Unlmown ~ Steel stock 6,000
1944 about 5,000
! Billet 100,000
Sheet bar 19,000
Unknown ~ Steel stock 54,000
- I Silicon steel plate 3,500
Ordinary steel plate 11,000
Chilled 610 Chilled 1,000
~ (?) (TN Sic.)
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Table No 10-3
Department
Item
Coke and j Lump coke
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Itemized Output of Products
Output during the peak year j Output for 1952 jOutput for 1953 (Planned)
before
unitthe,nd of war (alt: ton) (unit: ton)
(: ton
1942
,
by-products n
ar -- --- 00 -- 7
4 3 00
U
nknown
_ i .
Ammonium sulphate " -------------- 3
00 230 .
Crude benzo _________
~-
1 ----- 620
t 1'6 80
___ _
Pitch
Creosote ______________ ;
900 1,100 tf
?t- - 3 _-.__...-.-..,...._..__~._........~.....
Crude na hthalene ------------
P 20 ! u
I 2
- 5
I, rm~do ~n+hrono~~o It r7ca __
Pig iron
Steel
Pig iron
Open-hearth steel
n ______________
17
-_.u~rrrrr $ / 530
91,200
j ~ (In springy 1953
Rolling
Casting
Electric furnace
steel
Medium bar mill
Small bar mill
Sheet mill
11
------- 2,530 ~ 2,990 ~
194,280 ~ 290
000
44, zul over 130,000 151,250
, 0 % f this ount
~ ~ Of which
about 30% were i for
consisted of ~ P~. ,
. g I ,
CdStltl
for casting
36;000
130,000
i
statistic revised to 114, 2~0
Some ' Structural steel ,
X100
s
about 30,000 ~ Unlmown ~ Steel stock 6,000
1944 about 5,000
! Billet 100,000
Sheet bar 19,000
Unknown ~ Steel stock 54,000
- I Silicon steel plate 3,500
Ordinary steel plate 11,000
Chilled 610 Chilled 1,000
~ (?) (TN Sic.)
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Table No 10-3
Department
Item
Coke and j Lump coke
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Itemized Output of Products
Output during the peak year j Output for 1952 jOutput for 1953 (Planned)
before
unitthe,nd of war (alt: ton) (unit: ton)
(: ton
1942
,
by-products n
ar -- --- 00 -- 7
4 3 00
U
nknown
_ i .
Ammonium sulphate " -------------- 3
00 230 .
Crude benzo _________
~-
1 ----- 620
t 1'6 80
___ _
Pitch
Creosote ______________ ;
900 1,100 tf
?t- - 3 _-.__...-.-..,...._..__~._........~.....
Crude na hthalene ------------
P 20 ! u
I 2
- 5
I, rm~do ~n+hrono~~o It r7ca __
Pig iron
Steel
Pig iron
Open-hearth steel
n ______________
17
-_.u~rrrrr $ / 530
91,200
j ~ (In springy 1953
Rolling
Casting
Electric furnace
steel
Medium bar mill
Small bar mill
Sheet mill
11
------- 2,530 ~ 2,990 ~
194,280 ~ 290
000
44, zul over 130,000 151,250
, 0 % f this ount
~ ~ Of which
about 30% were i for
consisted of ~ P~. ,
. g I ,
CdStltl
for casting
36;000
130,000
i
statistic revised to 114, 2~0
Some ' Structural steel ,
X100
s
about 30,000 ~ Unlmown ~ Steel stock 6,000
1944 about 5,000
! Billet 100,000
Sheet bar 19,000
Unknown ~ Steel stock 54,000
- I Silicon steel plate 3,500
Ordinary steel plate 11,000
Chilled 610 Chilled 1,000
~ (?) (TN Sic.)
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Table No 10-11
Composition and Physical Strength of Coke Produced at the T'ai-Yuan Iron and Steel Works
Part 1. Composition of Coke
Period
Moist ~
Ash
Volatile matter ~
Fixed carbon
Total I Porosity
Remarks
y
191+0 - 1949
8 - 13
15 - 22
2
72 - 80
100
40 - 50 I
When unwashed coal was used the ash
content once reached as high as
27 per cent.
1949 - 1953
5 - 6
10 - 16
2
80 - 90
100
40 - 50
After 1953, the ash content is kept ~
less than 13 percent. ~
Part 2. Sieve Tests of Coke Chinese Coimiunist Era
Testing
method . More than 50 mm
- ._Physical strength
38-50mm i 25..3m
13-25 mm
Less than 13 :a~a ~
Shutter test
About
51 j
About
15%
About
20,$
About
9%
About
6%
(Drop test)
Integration
5%
Integration
65%
Integration
$5%
Integration
94%
Integration
100
(Drum test
About
I~O,$
About
2%
About
U'
About
A
About
I_(Rotating test)
Integration
40
Integration
6
Integration
$
Integration
9
Integration
10O`
~
Note; 1. In the shutter test, 25 kilogra,.is of test coke is placed in a steel testing box9 which is 710 ;rl long,
'
mmwide and $0 in deep, and dropped fro1t the two ;peters high. Test coke ' ~.s sieved with s
~5. ~ position, PecL.
4
feed sieves, weighed according to sizes, and shown in percentages. In general,it is shown in integrating figures.
2. In the drun test, about 10 kilograms of test coke are placed in a drui and rotated for two minutes at the speed
of 15 rpm. Test coke is sieved, weighed according to sizes, and shown in percentage. The drum is made of steel
and measures 1,500 mm in inside diameter, 1,500 mm in length and 6 mm in thickness. It is rotated horizontally.
In the drum six blades 250 mm in width and over six mm in thickness are installed vertically at equal intervals,
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Table No 10-11
Composition and Physical Strength of Coke Produced at the T'ai-Yuan Iron and Steel Works
Part 1. Composition of Coke
Period
Moist ~
Ash
Volatile matter ~
Fixed carbon
Total I Porosity
Remarks
y
191+0 - 1949
8 - 13
15 - 22
2
72 - 80
100
40 - 50 I
When unwashed coal was used the ash
content once reached as high as
27 per cent.
1949 - 1953
5 - 6
10 - 16
2
80 - 90
100
40 - 50
After 1953, the ash content is kept ~
less than 13 percent. ~
Part 2. Sieve Tests of Coke Chinese Coimiunist Era
Testing
method . More than 50 mm
- ._Physical strength
38-50mm i 25..3m
13-25 mm
Less than 13 :a~a ~
Shutter test
About
51 j
About
15%
About
20,$
About
9%
About
6%
(Drop test)
Integration
5%
Integration
65%
Integration
$5%
Integration
94%
Integration
100
(Drum test
About
I~O,$
About
2%
About
U'
About
A
About
I_(Rotating test)
Integration
40
Integration
6
Integration
$
Integration
9
Integration
10O`
~
Note; 1. In the shutter test, 25 kilogra,.is of test coke is placed in a steel testing box9 which is 710 ;rl long,
'
mmwide and $0 in deep, and dropped fro1t the two ;peters high. Test coke ' ~.s sieved with s
~5. ~ position, PecL.
4
feed sieves, weighed according to sizes, and shown in percentages. In general,it is shown in integrating figures.
2. In the drun test, about 10 kilograms of test coke are placed in a drui and rotated for two minutes at the speed
of 15 rpm. Test coke is sieved, weighed according to sizes, and shown in percentage. The drum is made of steel
and measures 1,500 mm in inside diameter, 1,500 mm in length and 6 mm in thickness. It is rotated horizontally.
In the drum six blades 250 mm in width and over six mm in thickness are installed vertically at equal intervals,
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Carbon dioxide purifi-
cation apparatus
'Carbon dioxide
;compressor
Doc No 90225 (10) (PB)
Table No 10.13
Facilities at the Armnonium Sulphate Plant of the Coking Department
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
7Op erational met hod --------------------- --_- Gyp Sur method `\
Commencement of operation ----- --- --- ....__- August 1940 ).
'\ Crystal ammonium sulphate output capacity --- TUro tons a day-
Nomenclature
I
ime kiln
lower
FE:?. e.r axks
i
Amnwriia still
Au iJiary tank
Liquid ammonia tank
;lil:::uViJ_ w:l 5 LLL licit
mother liquid tank
ILiae slurry agitator
Gsum pulverizer
[Vacuum still
l - ----- . _-_-__-_- _ _--
IAmmonia sulphat e
(salt) collector
Centrifugal separator
J_evated tank
Condenser
1
set
1
Recirculation cooler ;2 sets
!Reactor
Vacuum filter
1Preheater
1
1
1 set
I
1
SPECIAL i!ANDLING BEOII?F:D
1 set i - ---
Ivacuum pump 2
1 i
Output capacity I Data and structure
5 tons/day ; Bottle-shape equipped
with material elevators;
i
2 ~ 10 1-n3/hour
i Feldman still
ti) c; u o tiiul:LViiJ_(:, t;L'1JJ eiiL,
five per cent
a:-- 2 tons/hour
___
The liquid ammonia tale is the same as the one listed
under the suction plant.
340
- -----h------ -_-_
1 15 hp
2 hp
3O hp
NOT FELEASABLE TO
'S - 't 1
1 3O hp
Equipped
i?rith agitators
Diameter: 2,000 mm
i Length : 8,000 mm.
-- _
Diameter: 2,000 riu
Length : 6,000 ran
Renoved and not in use
after the Chinese
Conriuidst control
FOREIGN NATIONALS
_- -----.---__.-
-1- ..-
--1- --- - -. -------- .i
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 .c,)
rn
C)
rf~
for Release 201 0/08/1 8 : CIA-RDP81 -01 043R00060001 0004-6
Facilities at the Tar Plant of the Coking Department
End of the first quarter of 1953
Commencement of operation --- August 1940 1
1
Processing capacity --------- 30 tons /day)
_
I
_
_._ -
.___.._._...
~- f
.____
Data and auxiliary
Data and auxiliary
Nomenclature
Number
Outpit capacity
,
facilities
Nomenclature
Number
Output opacity
oapa
' '
facilities
Intermittent-t
YPe
2
Distillation
Volume 2
0 tons
CrYstallizat'rn
~.
$
Volume, 3 tons
still
30 tons /day
Total 40 tons
tank
I Heat exchanger
2
Hose-type
Centrifugal
1
I
separator
Cooler
2
Hose-type
Filter press
i 1
200 kg/hr
I ,
Light oil
1
Diameter; 1 , 200 :mm
Rotary pump
2 T
5 tons hr
separator
Length: 5,000 ~rm
____
, J
i
4
i
Oil receiver
Diameter: 1,200 mm
____________
Washington pump
1
_____________
2 tons hr
_________________
i
'
I
Height: 1,500 mm
i i
Pitch cooler
2
Diameter: 2,500 mm
2
, Diameter 2,000 mm
Height: 4,000 mm
4>
$ O mm
Height: ? >O 0
i Pitch as cooler
1
Diameter: 1,000 mm
Tank
! 1
Diameter: 1,500 mm
!
Height: 2,500 mm
Height: ,000 mm
Pitch ba
Y
_
i?_ . i
i - -
Vo1ume 2 tons
5
3
4,000
Diameter: 00 mm
set
i
1
~ Height; 5,000 mm
i
~
.
----
--
- __________ --
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f1,
rn
-4
 San
itized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Table No 10-15
Facilities at the Benzol Plant of the Coking Department
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
(Output capacity --.-------- 2.5 tons/day .
\Commencement of operation ---- September 1940;
Nomenclature Number Data and Nomenclature Number Data and
Light oil still Purification still
(Column still) 1 (Column still) 1
C/) 0
?m I- CI)
facjliti.es set acid.-alkali tank.
:1, 1
-. . Diameter: 2,000 mini
Heat exchanger 2 5 ,000 m
Oil cooler 4 1
___--- --____ -- Filled th I Tank Diameter: 1,000 mm
still ?
Dia:neter: 2,000 mm
Cooler 1 Oil-supply pump Centrifugal-type
4 - - _____ -- L:
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_
--~-
-
.~
C, 7
1944 3,500 ' 200 430 3,000 700 1,950 1so ~ bo
o!
194, I 2,400 ~ 150 260 1,900 1 x.30 1,230 110 36
rn
1946 2,800 ! 200 400 2,500 1 590 1,620 150 50
rfi+ C2
r ~
w.4 C~ ' ~`
1947 3,000 ! 200 ~ F 43~3_ 2,700 620 1,760 _ 160 ~ 54
W
.>
1948 2,g00 200 ?1 ~ 400 2,500 590 1,620 150 50
r~
tT,
19k9 $00 150 260 1,600 ~ 384 _ 1,040 y 100 _ 33
0
195 3,600 350 ~ 650 ! 3,300 1 760 2,140 190 66
7
0
_ 1951 4,600_ ~'i 400 j ?900 3,500 ~ 850 2,300 ' 220 73
1952 6,700 230 I Crude 1,300 ~ 5,700 1, 100 Soft 790 Crude 196 100
C
~ Motor 380 Hard 2,200 ~ Industrial 60 i
Output of BY-products
i
Tax Ammonium C~?ude benzol T
Tar I Ammoniwn sulphate Crude benzol i Tar distilled amount
ar
I
tons tons
(tons) (tons)
(tons)
___
r 1940 12,100 ~ 150 i 220 ~ 1,900 1+30 ~ 1,230 110 i 36
Remarks 1. All figures, with the exception of those for 1952, are estimated approximate values.
2. The 1952 column indicates actual figures. In addition, 16 tons of carbolic acid, 52 tons of solvent oil,
0
100 tons of anhydrous coal tar, and 2,$00 tons of quicklime were produced in 1952. The manufacturing of
carbolic acid beg
gan sometime in 1952?
t~
C ----._ -- _
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Year
(
-
`-~
Creosote
(tons) ~
Pitch '
(tons)
C de napthalene
(tons)
Cnzde anthYa,cene ~
(tons)
1941
3, $ 240 ~
~ ------- 450 ~
----. 3,400
790
2,210
200
68
_
_.-
' ---
~
i 1942
4,300
30L_
620
:
; 3,900
~ 900
2,530
230
78
1943
3,7~
250
580 T
3,300
770
. 2,71+
200
---
66
Fable No 10-16
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_
--~-
-
.~
C, 7
1944 3,500 ' 200 430 3,000 700 1,950 1so ~ bo
o!
194, I 2,400 ~ 150 260 1,900 1 x.30 1,230 110 36
rn
1946 2,800 ! 200 400 2,500 1 590 1,620 150 50
rfi+ C2
r ~
w.4 C~ ' ~`
1947 3,000 ! 200 ~ F 43~3_ 2,700 620 1,760 _ 160 ~ 54
W
.>
1948 2,g00 200 ?1 ~ 400 2,500 590 1,620 150 50
r~
tT,
19k9 $00 150 260 1,600 ~ 384 _ 1,040 y 100 _ 33
0
195 3,600 350 ~ 650 ! 3,300 1 760 2,140 190 66
7
0
_ 1951 4,600_ ~'i 400 j ?900 3,500 ~ 850 2,300 ' 220 73
1952 6,700 230 I Crude 1,300 ~ 5,700 1, 100 Soft 790 Crude 196 100
C
~ Motor 380 Hard 2,200 ~ Industrial 60 i
Output of BY-products
i
Tax Ammonium C~?ude benzol T
Tar I Ammoniwn sulphate Crude benzol i Tar distilled amount
ar
I
tons tons
(tons) (tons)
(tons)
___
r 1940 12,100 ~ 150 i 220 ~ 1,900 1+30 ~ 1,230 110 i 36
Remarks 1. All figures, with the exception of those for 1952, are estimated approximate values.
2. The 1952 column indicates actual figures. In addition, 16 tons of carbolic acid, 52 tons of solvent oil,
0
100 tons of anhydrous coal tar, and 2,$00 tons of quicklime were produced in 1952. The manufacturing of
carbolic acid beg
gan sometime in 1952?
t~
C ----._ -- _
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Year
(
-
`-~
Creosote
(tons) ~
Pitch '
(tons)
C de napthalene
(tons)
Cnzde anthYa,cene ~
(tons)
1941
3, $ 240 ~
~ ------- 450 ~
----. 3,400
790
2,210
200
68
_
_.-
' ---
~
i 1942
4,300
30L_
620
:
; 3,900
~ 900
2,530
230
78
1943
3,7~
250
580 T
3,300
770
. 2,71+
200
---
66
Fable No 10-16
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r~
C)
r.
rn,
ef)
Mry
ri
.. ?,
r
Table Nn 10-1$
Hoisting Apparatus For Blast Furnace
(End o the first quart r
of of e 193) 5
ast furnace No 1 Blast furnace No 2
Classification B1
Type Bucket
Ski
A
i___"___ __I
horsepowers 60 horse~veers
Capacity 60
,
C
ternatin current Alternating current
Al
3 00 volts 3,300 volts
3
Hoisting speed
Ab
gut $0 meters
per
minute
.-..__..__..,._.._.._ _.-... _
...__."
0 6-inch ropes
RoAe diameter I Tw
Control apparatus
n
Blast Furnace J
No and No
Remarks
-
Double -drum t
Ype
Details on
Electric apparatus
About $0 meters
per minute
One 12-inch rope
~neti brake I
gnetic brake i
Magnetic brake
Magnetic brake
0
C)
0
w
0
H
0
.r
H
C)
G
ru
C)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Table No 10-19
Hit-blast Stoves
(End of the first quarter of 1953)
Classification
For blast furnace
No ;1
For blast furnace
N
2
For blast furnaces
N
d N
3
Remarks
o
o
an
o 4
. Number of stoves
Three
Four
Three each hree ch
Normally, three to each
r
I
blast furnace
f
i
Type
,
Cowper
Cowper
Cowper
Cowper
Two- ss type
I~
Diameter and height
I
Diameter 5,030 mm
5>
Diameter 6>000 mm
Out of four hot blast i
r
Height 25,000 mm
Height 27,500 mm
I
furnaces attached to
blast furnace No 2 one
!
of them had a diameter
of 5,000 mm and stood
25,000 mm high.
------- ----
L. _
.
-_-
Combustion method
i Blast system
Blast system
I Heating area
~
Detail unknown
About 5,000 square
Detail unknown
----
meters
Regenerating area
Detail unknown
---
7,000 square meters
I Grate ole laYer
h
S'nle
~
Si
ngle
Size of rate hole
~
100 x 100 mm
120 ;rum x 120 rum I
Grate brick 1s 60 mm
I
in thickness.
f Amountof as used
g
About20 per cent of blast-furnace as
p gas
j Construction period
p
During Japanese nese control
g pa Date unknown
October 1943
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 rJ Table No 10-20
rw
h
l .
0
r~
c~
E~
w
~-
~r
r~
~
P~
cn
r~
rn
0
L
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Blowers for Blast Furnace
(End of the first quarter of 19
?
Classlficatlon
Blower No 1
Bower No 2 I
1
Blower No i
Blower No 4
Type
Electric turbob1ower
Electric turboblower
Electric turboblower
Steam turbine
Horsepower
500
boo
800
1,500
A
Air volume
00
500
600
Detail unknown
cubic meters per minute ,
s
Air P re sure
I
ands per square inch)
Po e
__ - --- _
6
7 -------
. $_.___.._ _.
__.. ._-__-__
_15
,
Number of revolutions
rpm
~O
bJ
3bo0
3 ,600
2$00
~
-__ _.._ _ _.. _..._ ...._ _...._..._ .1
^
.... ...
_
_
.~_ __ __.
I
I
period
Construction P
1
November 939
1
N
nvem~er 939
November 1940
Just before the
.
' end of the war,
this second-hand
equipment was
1
~ . installed
W ~a
as in reserve at
At the end of the
f
At the end of the
,
the end of the war
war, it was attached
i
war, it was attached
to No 1 blast fur-
to No 2 blast fur-
Usage
_
-
nace
..._
...._..__....r_
nace
-.- ____
--
Currently, 'n
in
Currently
in
After the second half
After the seeond
reserve
reserve
of 1951, it was at-
half of 1951, it
Cached to blast fur-
was attached to
ace No 1.
blast furnace No 2.
Note:
from AN-SHAN but it was not in full operation.
The condition of the bl-nw.er .which was.-used in the, small..biast-furl ace in .1944 is..unknown.
Blower No 4 ' s an old second--hand e ulpment which was in use J'ust before the end of the war. It was brought in
~
g
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w
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Table No 10-21.
w
a
i P
. roducing area
The T'ai- Yuan Iron and steel Works ' Pure has ing Plan of Iron Ore from OtherPro vnces for 1953
Irpe of ore
; LUNG-YEN
Hematite
_. _ i
1a
gnatite
I
I
I LT-KUO
Magnatite
Total
Note:
Qualit ! t ~ .w...
y ;Ore ratio
Tonra e
~ Mea7s a ,
f T
i rans ort
r cent p ~ i
. tons tr
ans f
. portation dl
t
55
5$
59
1.76
s
ante
L__ ! I (kilometers)
Remarks
1 7000
~ 1 Railroad ~
About 0 ;
79 V~.
I a the North
~ t T' una~Fu Line
I
-.._..~_.~
74,000 Railroad ~
About 440 !
43,000 ~ ~ ~ _...
Railroad
i ~ About $1
Via the
S1lihte
_.~_ Line
ib
2 000
4
I
----?---.L.
._ -_,... _ _.. _----i-
Z i addition, instruction was received from
the Central Gove
a ve ~ rn~nt to use
ry small amount of ore
mined in the province,
a
d
0
C)
0
0
N
N
~n
H
0
pc)
w
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 2
I c
Table No 10-22
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Amount of Raw Materials Charged into the Blast Furnaces (End of the
Classification
Blast furnace
No 1 1 ton 11. to ~. 1.5 tons
Coke ratio, 0, 140
I
per cent
!r- i n
i , iCoke ratio I ,
per cent
{ i
I i
first quarter of 1952)
Amount charged t o
one tine Number of charges
I Limestone .fan ane se Total
-.-
0.45 ~.tr
45 r 0 to 0 k
4 110_ z. .
9 to .0 ~.,
.
~.. en to eight
~
to 1 0 ; Ore ratio
5 rams
~ , g tons I time s
~ an hour.
about 0 The
3 amount dlff '
About 1~0 t
vne s
per cent r
each day . ,
i a day.
0.6 ton i $0 kilograms 5.4 to .6
5 Seven to I
ei
ht
g
110 to 1 I Ore ratio, ,
The amount d i +
I ~.ff~Y tons times an hour.
;about 30 each day About 1~0 times
I
er nanf
p
a
>u
z
Note: 1.
The amount of pig-iron output
at that t Lme was
as follows.
a. Blast furnace No 1 -- 160 tons a day average
b. Blast f urriace No 2 -- 270 tons a day average
Fluorite
was not used.
Hematite from P . ' ANG-ChIA_P U I
LU11G-YFiu
was mainly used as
iron ore.
u. hay
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Coke
iron ore
r~
0
n
z
0
'0
ww0
{v
 ^
a
0
C)
w
Ut
0
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Table No 10-23
Variations in the Daily Output of Pig Iron Unit: ton
Period ~ Auttuim 1949 to ! Late 1950 ! Late 1951 ~ Late 1952 I Spring 1953 I Remarks ~
Blast furnace I Spring 195
~Blas`c furnace No 1 I 40 ~ 120 110 ~ 170 ~ 175 ~ Rated capacity 40 tons
-'- ~ "-
Blast furnace No 2 120 j
Total
160 j 320 380 '; 450 ~ 165
Remarks The daily output on this table indicts the average output of i iron (including
~ pig ! rejected big iron).
.
Note: Refer to paragraphs under im roverrent of facilities
for the sharp crease in daily output.
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0
~o
0
N
N
Ui
w
0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
(fl
rn
C)
.i+
.ns
w
H
Variations in the
Annual Output of Pig Iron (Unit: ton)
Blast furnace No 1 Blast furnace No 2
f I
i
1940
--- ---1941 i--- --
1942
1943
Remarks
-------_.__._-----. _ _--? - ' -------------- ___.._...._._ _,._.~
10,907
1945
1950 1
1951
3,322
17,022
35,582
1~1~, 201
29,940
1952
1953 (Planned)
Remarks
1. The output prior tot he year 1 is based on t
945 i he Japanese fiscal year. Thereafter
calendar,
year.
2. The amount indicates accepted pig iron.
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62,$00
950
70,000 - 75,000
About 100,000
More than 130,000
88,450
2,79 I 32,73 I Initial firing of blast fur-
i151 250 I Major repairs ~ on blast fur-
I I nace No 2 after being blown out
d
Blast furnaces , Total
No3andNo4 j
. ; paces No an No --
I
I Se tember 1
p 943
2,373
35,582
~ 17,022 ~ Initial firing of blast fur-
nace No 2 -- 1Qavember 194
3,322 Initial firing la of b s -
t fur
i --
~ nace No 1 Novembe
rl
13,280 Blast furnaces No 3 and No 4 were abandoned after being
~ bombed in late 19l~.1a.
950
70,000 -
75,000
'About
1100,000
Results of April to August 1945
More than
130,000
d
0
0
z
0
~o
O
N
~n
H
O
ro
m
N
C'
m
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Table No iaz5
II
U,
m
c}
rn
W
N
Floor Space of the Buildings of the Steel Manufacturing
Department
Floor s ace of buildin s
Before Chinese Communist i After Chinese Communist ;End of first
took control took control i P of I quarter o~ 1953
;
One building I Building enlarged by One building
I
I 4,212 square meters 12 $0$ square meters 7,020 ~ square meters ;
width - 6 meters width -
3 36 meters) I
I
length - 117 metrs ! (length - meters)
I ! i
1.
2.
One building ' One building
added Two buildings The
1
6 square meters !
39 1~0 square meters
396 square meters in g
g
width B meters width - 10 meters)
1~0 square meters ,
Ileng~n - ~yT met?rs)
(ieng h -- l meters)
One building
150 square meters
width - 10 meters
length - 1 meters
One building
60squre meters a width - 6 meters
length - 10 meters
1 ~
Sane as left same as left
i
V
Same as left
t
S
r
f
a
a as le
t
;
^
z
0
Installation
s
i
Open-hearth
furnace
plant
Gas producer
plant
(
r'
Dolomite
I
plant
i
Remarks
Under construction in I
Spring 1953.
~
There were plans for con-
structing a mixer plant i
36 by a
~ 3, meters).
i
newly constructed build-
,
was a two-story building.
g
z
0
0
N
N
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 IM
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Table No 10-2$ (Cont'd)
Installation
Floor space of builds _ Remarks
Before Chinese Communist Afte Chi
r ne se Communist I End of first
took control took control
quarter of 1953
Mister- One building
laneous 90 square meters
warehouse (width dth -
$ meters TN Sic
length-
15 meters
Dressing
room
One building
SO square meters
width - $ meters
length 10 meters
Steel One buildin
g
manufac- 90 square meters
turin width -
office r
~ peters
TN Sic.)
length
15 meters
Assay room
One building
60
square meters
width - b meters
(length - 10 meters
Same as left
Same as left
Same as left
Same as left
Same as left
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Same as left
Same as left
In Spring 1953, a new office
building was being constructed
~
on the north side of the
open-hearth furnace plant to
make room for the projected
mixer plant.
Same as left For the same reason as above
a new assay office was under
~
construction an Spring 19 53
a
J
b
0
C)
2
0
~o
0
N
N
0
v
U,
rn
 IM
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Table No 10-2$ (Cont'd)
Installation
Floor space of builds _ Remarks
Before Chinese Communist Afte Chi
r ne se Communist I End of first
took control took control
quarter of 1953
Mister- One building
laneous 90 square meters
warehouse (width dth -
$ meters TN Sic
length-
15 meters
Dressing
room
One building
SO square meters
width - $ meters
length 10 meters
Steel One buildin
g
manufac- 90 square meters
turin width -
office r
~ peters
TN Sic.)
length
15 meters
Assay room
One building
60
square meters
width - b meters
(length - 10 meters
Same as left
Same as left
Same as left
Same as left
Same as left
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Same as left
Same as left
In Spring 1953, a new office
building was being constructed
~
on the north side of the
open-hearth furnace plant to
make room for the projected
mixer plant.
Same as left For the same reason as above
a new assay office was under
~
construction an Spring 19 53
a
J
b
0
C)
2
0
~o
0
N
N
0
v
U,
rn
 Table No 10-27
Refractory ' ~ U
Materla.~s for ~ th
~ Open-hearth
Furnaces
End of the first carter of 1953)
q
Place used ,
I
Refractory material used
bottom of furnace Chamotte brick bottom layer, one
I I ~ la ~ r onl r
~ ~ , Insulation bricks are not used
. =
brr
1%-I ,1,-
Ch
r
Hearth
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i Magnesium stamped
dolomite P
~ clinkers
Front and back w is
al
Bottom port
I. Roof
clinkers
i.Ieta1 case lnside f 11~.e d
Unknowyi
S11ica brick
i
with magnesium
--_ __ ._.--,._----_.--;----. -
-Regenerator l
chA?c_terwork ; Chamotte '
brick bottom layers of brick
3 or layers)
Silica brick
Size
120 x 120 x
00 to
00 cubic
mllll.n~eters
Remarks
Size of the ch brick
ecker~~rork $O x 150 x 300 cubic mil hinters
r
.s/
~e
o.. layers
Outer side red
brick
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 20
z
0
ern
 r
Ii
H
J
W
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Table No 10-28
Gas Producers for the U en~ a
p he rth Furnaces
End of the first uarter
q of 19 3
5
! F'
ive
lve
Five ; ~lx
Eight)
Notes; 1. Old and new buildin s and the a'
g min
pipes are
inde endent of each other,
P
2. A detained Ja ane se t.echni cia rew
p n d u the lans. O w
P p f r tht t o ne~a Wood-t e as roducers.wh~ch w ere installed
YP g P
after the Chinese Communists too
k c.ntrnl, S~nc~ he did not have time to la t ' Ps
p n hin out he co led die Dlue
~ P
rints left behind wh
P en the war ended of the s roducers located at SH - -a
ga p IH CHING H~u'~ .
3. In the Mox an-t e as - roducers n '
gyp g, p the c. al fe~,dxn ash removal and k~,r are all m?chan~.call O crate
b, , po p d,
Y
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/18 : CIA-RDP81-01043R000600010004-6
Number of furnaces
..... _. _ .. .... -
_. ...
__...___..__.._..
_.__
Data
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1919.
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I
1
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CHINA
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1952.
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About
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I
30 tons I Commu-
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9
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hp
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,
0
0
0
N
N
H
0
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wa