(SANITIZED)SEVEN-YEAR PLAN: A PORTION OF A STUDY OF SOCIALIST REORGANIZATION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, ETC.(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A056200320001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 11, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 22, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage bitL w., Title
18, U.S.C. Sep. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY East Germany
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE b
DATE ACQ.
Seven-Year Plan: A
Reorganization of the Most Im-
portant Industrial Enterprises,
etc.
Portion of a Study of Socialist
REPORT
DATE DISTR. $~ SEP iO
NO. PAGES 36
REFERENCES RD
Seven-Year Plan for the Development o e
Economy of the German oratic Republic (DDR) - The Main Direction of
Socialist Reorganization of the Most Important Enterprises and Branches
of Industry, of Building, Transport, and Wholesale Trade in the German
Democratic Republic.
The Chief Tasks of Socialist Reorganization
Principles of Reorganization 5-7a
Tasks of Reorganization 8-9
Responsibility for Carrying Out Socialist 9a-9c
Reorganization
Mechanization and Automation 10-12
Utilization of New Raw Materials and Changes 13-14
in the Way Raw Materials are Used
14-18
lo
h
gy
no
Tasks of Research and Tec
II Socialist Reorganization of th. 40st Important
Enterprises and Branches of Industry, t
Building Industry and of Transport, Communica-
tions, and Wholesale Trade in the German
Democratic Republic (DDR)
Metal-Working Industry
Heavy Machine Construction
25-32
NSA X oRR Evl
(Not.: Waahiniton dlstrlbuUon Indicat.d by "X": Flsld distribution by "#".l
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General Machine Construction
Automotive Construction and Aviation Industry
Measurement and Regulation Techn&oja( )ncd
Hydraulics
Electrical Engineering
33;-3$
36>-39
Foundries and Forges
5,9-62
Gas
Brown Coal
Chemistry
Ore t'inin,_-, Potash Ninin1t
Geology
Construction Industry
Building Materials Industry
Glass and Ceramics
Textiles and Clothing
Leather, Shoes, Furs
Cellulose and Paper Industries
Wood Products Industry
Food Industry
Transportaticn
Communications
Wholesale Trade
67-68
69-71
72-P
93-95
1-q1
91-96
97-100
lOl-lC4
105-106
107-11C
110-ill
112-115
116-121
122-124
125
The Fifth Party Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED)
laid down the line of economic development in the DDR until 1965, and it showed
the workers the way to the solution of the chief' economic problems and to the
Lotory of Socialism.
The definition of these great aims determines the conterit,of Socialist
reorganization. Reorganization is to he carried out on rthe :highest level of
technology, using all the discoveries of science and all the more up-to-date
,processes. This will insure the attainment of the goals and the successful
performance of the tasks which are established in the law on the Seven-Year
Plan, and makes a dt:finite contribution` to carrying out the decisions of the
Fifth Party Congress.
The cooperation of the workers in planning and carrying out Socialist re-
organization in industry, construction work, transport, and communications is
a living example of the realization of the slogan. "Plan together, work together,
rule together!"
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y C
The Fifth Plenun of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
in its decisions defined the content and principal aims of reorganization. In these
decisions, which point the way, the content of Socialist reorganization is
characterized as follows:
"Socialist reorganization consists of the most rational organization of production
on the basis of the highest level achieved by science and technology and of the
full utilization of the creative initiative of the workers."
Starting from these decisions, reorganization measures were laid down which are now
carried out speedily.
The leap to a higher quality of Socialist production must be made by means of
Socialist reorganization.
The criteria for the success of Socialist reorganization are its efficiency, the
high level of labor productivity, the technical level of production, and the
reduction of the present profit margin of industry.
Everyone must clearly realize that the success of the reorganization steps will be
measured against these immutable criteria.
A determined effort must be made to reach and to surpass the goals set in the plan.
there must be a constant striving to achieve the same results without using up all
the investment funds provided in the plan. This requires firm discipline, exemplary
order, and the utmost economy in all enterprises and institutes and in the govern-
mental and economic structure.
Principles of Socialist Reorganization
Socialist reorganization will be carried out successfully if the entire labor
process is thoroughly rationalized, if it is precisely measured and calculated
over and over, if technical processes are repeatedly subjected to critical analysis
and are improved, and if all possibilities for mechanization and automation are
exploited.
Every enterprise has the task of making the most of its time and improving the
products of its labor as quickly as possible. Nothing is to be postponed to to-
morrow which can be done today. All measures are to be subordinated to the goal
of achieving a high increase in labor productivity, of raising production quickly,
and of guaranteeing the beet quality along with low production costs.
After the passage of the law on the Seven-Year Plan for the development of the
economy in the years 1959 to 1965, the real battle for orderly and rapid achieve-
ment of Socialist reorganization begins. That is the most important part of the
task.
In this battle to achieve reorganization, new knowledge will become available which
must continually be taken over into the reorganization plan. It is important to
develop all reserves and to guarantee the most rational utilization of machines
and installations in all branches of industry and in all enterprises. In the course
of Socialist reorganization, the effective results of investments are constantly to
be increased; by using the initiative of the workers in the enterprises, the
investments are to be made in accordance with principles of strictest economy.
The measures for reorganizing the enterprises came into being with the active
cooperation of broad strata of the workers. In carrying out the reorganization,
it is of still more importance to utilize the broad knowledge, experience, and
initiative of all workers.
The enterprises, government and economic officials, and Party and mass organizations
must, during the process of Socialist reorganization, continually direct themselves
to what is new and must take advantage of new possibilities and reserves which arise
as types and standards are established and as industries are centralized and
specialized.
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Socialist cooperation of workers, engineers, and scientists is to be used as a
chief method of Socialist reorganization, and the activity of Socialist brigades
is to be promoted and is to be supported by the research institutes and the
scientific-technical centers.
The most rational utilization of existing machines and installations is the first
and most important task in all branches of industry and in all enterprises.
The establishment of standard types and standard parts, the centralization of
production, and the specialization of industries are the prerequisites for a
more rational organization of production by individual industries.
The tempo of work on standardization of parts and types of products, development
of prefabrication techniques, and production of structural units is to be greatly
increased. The extent to which standardized parts are used is an important
oriterion of the quality of new developmental work and of new designs.
The number of standards must be quickly increased in order to broaden the basis
for specialization of production and to make possible the application of more
productive techniques.
Transport routes must be cut to the shortest possible distances. Wherever_
possible, transport speed must be increased. The possibilities arising from
mechanization and automation are to be fully exploited for this purpose.
The program of centralizing production and of specializing our industries must
be Carefully planned, so that dislocation in production and supply will be reduced
to a minimum. Stopping the production of certain items must not occur as a result
of specialization until production in the enterprises affected has reached the
necessary volume or stockpiling is adequate for the period of transition.
Centralization of production and specialization of industrial enterprises are
linked with the division of labor among the countries of the Socialist Camp, and
are to be effected in conformity with the decisions of the CEMA? commissions.
In the process of reorganization, the following further principles are constantly
to be stressed and to be called to the attention of all workers;
Each product. must conform to the highest level of technology in both
capacity and quality and thereby correspond to the world standard. The
time limits for the development of new products and for putting them into
production are to be reduced as much as possible. Each enterprise must
firmly establish the times at which old products are to be suspended from
production and new products are to enter production.
Each production process must be so set up that a high increase in labor
productivity and the lowest production costs can be achieved through the
smallest feasible use of materials and of labor forces.
All possibilities of mechanizing and automating the production departments
and the divisions of enterprises re to be fully exploited.
Every kind of support is to be given to the research organizations of the
Research Council. The Chamber of Technology (Kammer der Technik) has to
place the achievement of reorganization at the central'-point of its work.
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Socialist reorganization must lead to working conditions which afford maximum
safety and the greatest possible reduction of heavy physical labor and of work
that is dangerous to health. This will prove the great social difference in
Socialist production's utilization of the latest scientific and technical
discoveries, as contrasted with capitalist: : production.
Tasks of Reorganization
To guarantee that reorganization will be achieved on the highest level of
technology and will encompass the greatest possible mechanization and automation
of production, the following tasks are to be given special attention:
1. The scientific bases of production are to be expanded more and more, and
industries are to be put in a position to fulfill their tasks with complete
self-sufficiency and to reach the highest technical level of products and
technology in the shortest possible time. Through further development and
strengthening of the scientific-technical centers in the State Planning
Commission, in the VVBs(Vereinigungen Volkseigener Betriebe - Associations
of People:-Owned Industries), and in the Economic Councils of the Bezirk
Councils, the fulfillment of the chief technical tasks is to be assured for
all branches of industry.
2. Still existing dislocations in production are to be overcome in a short time
through reorganization. This applies particularly to electrical engineering
products, to control, measuring, and regulation techniques, to foundry techniques,
and to forges, as well as to the production of raw materials for the chemical
industry.
3. Measurement and regulation technology is to be developed first of all. A
scientific-technical center for questions of automation is to guarantee that
the most purposeful utilization will always be made of the possibilities of
mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic regulation and control of
production processes.
4. A basic principle is the effort to change from discontinuous to continuous
finishing _processes. The first thing is to replace workshop finishing by
suitable forms of group and assembly-line finishing in machine construction.
The processing time is to be reduced to a minimum through these means.
5. In machine-tool construction, the production of semi-automated and fully
automated machines is to be increased, chiefly on the basis of standardized
unit construction.
6. All technical variants of casting are to be utilized, and the proportion of
tools produced by the die-casting process is to be rapidly increased. Machines
for casting processes are to be brought to the highest level of technology;
heavy-duty machines for working plastics are particularly to be developed and
put into production.
7. The equipment and machines presently in the industrial enterprises are to be
modernized to the greatest possible extent. The speed of operation is to be
increased. For modernizing the existing equipment and machines, the machine.
construction industry will produce attachment units and auxiliary equipment.
Special workshops are to be set up for the general repair and modernization of
machines and equipment.
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8. Radioactive and stable isotopes are to be used more and more for measurement
and regulation as well as for the improvement of materials.
9. The establishment of standards for equipment and tools is required very soon.
Enterprises are to specialize in the production of equipment.
10. The use of welding techniques is steadily and systematically to be extended;
semi-automatic and fully automatic welding processes are especially to be
promoted.
11. Permanent-mqld casting, pattern casting, precision and pressure casting are
particularly to be developed, and the time periods needed for the production
of molds and cores are to be appreciably reduced through the application of
modern techniques. The disorganized dispersal of foundry production is to
be ended in accordance with a definite plan.
12. In the textile industry, new techniques are to be used and further developed.
13. Computation centers equipped with the most modern electronic apparatus are to
be established in order to achieve a rapid solution of scientific problems.
Computation stations are to be set up to mechanize the administrative routine
and the accounting system of industry, of the financial system, and of whole-
sale trade.
Responsibility for Carrying Out Socialist Reorganization
In the first place, the leaders of enterprises are responsible for carrying out
the great tasks of Socialist reorganization. They must'to it that all reorganization
measures are put through are put through on a high technical level and lead to
maximal economic achievements.
The heads of factories and of Party and trade-union organizations must explain to
the workers the importance and aim of Socialist reorganization and must fully
develop and utilize the intitiative of the workers in solving problems.
The Associations of People..0wned Enterprises (VVBs)
These must make sure that the centrally led ..... are duly reorganized.1 The
enterprises ..... the world level ..... are the directing and organizing centers
for the planned reorganization of the various branches of industry and are
responsible for giving each enterprise of their branch a compellingly clear per-
spective and a task position arising from the reorganization program.
The speedy accomplishment of all assignments for the mechanization and automation
of production requires that the VVBs create examples of complex mechanization
and automation in their branches of industry and thus show the way to the use of
progressive techniques applicable to the special conditions of the branch of
industry.
The Ministries for Construction, the Ministry for Transport, the Ministry for
Post and Telecommunications, and the Ministry for Trade and Supply must furnish
the leadership for carrying out Socialist reorganization in the enterprises, the
VVBs, and the branches under them.
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The Councils of the Bezirke and Kreise must see that the reorganization
measures in the industrial enterprises, in the building industr,.in local
transport,. and in the supply and, trade enterprises are carried out in accord-
ance with the highest level of science and technology.
Local offices of the state-are responsible for solving local problems
which. arise from Socialist reorganization.
The' Fineno`b'Of?ices are to organize the monetary control in such a
way that'th funds provided for reorganization are used frugally,an4 with
maximum effectiveness.
The State Planning Commission is responsible for checking on the fulfillment'f
of the plans and for solving the principal tasks of Socialist reorganization.
It must organize a-strict check on close adherence to the goals 'and tanks
laid down in the Seven-Year Plan and in the reorganization plans.,.. In carrying
out the reorganization plans, the State Planning Convnlssl'on must bring local
and handicrafts interests into line.
The Divisions and Sections of the State Planning Commission are to give
guidance and support to the WBe and to the local government officials in
carrying out the reorganization programs, and are to evaluate and pass on to
them promptly the new-knowledge and experience gained.
The Basic Organizations of the SED have the right to check with the
enterprises and business managements on the operation of the.regrganization
measures. It is of primary importance that each Party organization foster
what is new and wage a sharp battle against all obstacles.
The Mass Organizations, particularly the trade unions, oarry, a '>k
responsibility in realizing the reorganiz,tion plans. They,help,~,ragsfor'
the reorganization measures into.the essence of Socialist oompetitlon,,anQ, ,
Into the core of the work of activists, efficiency experts, and inventors.
In production,'it is important to link the struggle of the brigades for
the title "Brigade of Socialist Labor" with the realizatior;,of the,, reorganiza-
tion plan. It,means directing Socialist competition, to,thej,follQwing goals
of Socialist reorganization:
the shortening of research and..development periods,and, the mopt
rapid application of new techniq%ion,.to,produotion;
thej.most'effective use of the newest technological processes;
increasing, the utilization of existing capacity and uncovering all
reserve oapaoity;
the. most efficient organization of production;
raising labor productivity with a concomitant lowering of costs of
production;
reducing the amount of material used in each produat.
Carrying out Socialist reorganization requires greaterqualifloations on
the part of the workers; they must master the new processes and methods and
must have solid technical qualifications; therefore prompt measures must be
taken to make sure that they acquire the necessary qualifications.
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Besides the existing State educational institutions, additional training facilities
must be created in the enterprises. In addition to the industrial academies of
the large industrial enterprises, there are to be c.. study groups (Lernaktive),
and seminar groups formed in many enterprises, so that the workers can in a short
time achieve higher qualifications, acquire multiple skills, and be able to pass
on to others their extensive knowledge in various fields of science, technology,
and culture.
The Research Council of the DDR and the Specialists' Associations of the Kammer
der Technik must aid in achieving technical-scientific advances and in assuring
that the workers in the enterprises become fully qualified.
All economic functionaries must continually broaden their political, economic,
scientific-technical, and organizational knowledge and capacities,in order to cope
with their growing tasks.
Therefore, immediate steps to qualify workers must be taken which are proposed in
the following documents:
"Theses of the Central Committee of the SED on Socialist development of the school
system in the DDR."
"Proposals of the Central Committee of the SED for qualifying workers and for
Socialist development of vocational education in the DDR."
Mechanization and Automation
A leap to more productive techniques must be made through the mechanization of
work processes, of factory departments, and of entire production stages.
More than 450 automated production departments or stages are to be put into
operation.
This includes continuous production processes which are to be extensively automated
in chemical plants, such as hydrogenation plants, petroleum-processing plants,
and ammonia synthesis. In another 134+ chemical enterprises, reorganization is to
be carried out in such a way that most of the production processes will be mechanized
and automated.
As for power plants, 138 transformer substations and hydroelectric power plants
are to be converted to remote control.
Remote control from the main distributor station is to be installed for the pump-
fed power station Hohenwarthe II, with a total capacity of 320 MW.
Switch galleries and boiler control positions are to be combined in thermal power
plants; industrial (closed-circuit) television is to be used in the Hirschfelde
power station, among others.
In the coal industry, deep wells and underwater pumps are to be converted to remote
control for the regulation of water removal.
Forty-five dryers for raw coal in briquette plants are to be supplied with automatic
regulation.
A completely automatic oil-tempering installation for structural steel used in
pre-stressed concrete production is to be set up by the steel mill VEB Stahl -und
Walzwerk "Wilhelm Florin" Hennigsdorf.
A fully automated sand-preparing installation is to be constructed in the foundry
VE Giesserei Copitz.
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Fully automated television-tube production is to begin in VEB Glaswerk
Friedrichshain.
The transition to industrial building methods is to be pushed in the
construction industry. Three hundred and twenty construction assembly lines
for apartment construction, 45 construction assembly lines for farm buildings,
and 60 Taktbaustellen2 for industrial buildings are to be set up. Furthermore,
4P5 semi-automatic mixers for mortar and concrete are to be put into operation.
Another 374 automated production lines are to be set up, including a
line in the Eisenach automobile plant for the automated production of crank-
shafts and the automated working of cylinder blocks, an automated line for
the refrigerator program in VEB DKK Scharfenstein, and an automated line for
dip-soldering of stamped-out switches in VEB Rafena Radeberg.
In industry, 1,500 machine assembly lines and 1,600 manual assembly
lines are to be set up and put into operation.
To improve the stock of machines in the metal-processing industry,
11,010 new machine tools are to be introduced between 1959 and 1965.
In the textile industry, more than 600,000 new spindles and 20,CC( new
Jacquard looms are to be introduced.
In industry in general, more than 160 new large enterprises or plant de-
partments are to be set up. Among them, to back up the chemistry program,
are the petrpleum combine in Schwedt, the gypsum sulphuric-acid factory at
Coswig, and the synthetic fiber combine in Guben.
In the Eisenh1tten combine at Stalinstadt, a steel mill and rolling
mill are to be constructed.
A semiconductor plant is to be built in Frankfurt/Oder.
In light industry, a paper factory in Schwedt/Oder, two cotton-spinning
mills, and 20 plants for making board are to be erected.
In addition, more than 260 building materials factories are to be set up.
Utilization of New Raw Materials and Changes in the Way Raw Materials are Used
The way in which raw materials are used is to be fundamentally altered
through the reorganization. At the same time, the amount of raw materials
used in each product is to be reduced. For that purpose, new raw materials
are to be extensively produced, and new, lighter, and cheaper materials are
to be introduced through new development and new designs. At the same time,
the quality and technical level of products are to be raised by changing the
way in which raw materials are used.
In the metal-working industry, pre-refined (vorveredelte) steels and new
materials are to be used. This fundamental change in the preparation of raw
materials and basic materials for the metal-working industry requires a greater
use of light sections, which metallurgy must produce in the requied variety.
While machine construction increases production about b25 percent, the use of
rolled steel is to be increased only about :66 percent. This means, for
example, that in the centrally managed machine-construction industry the use
of rolled steel Is to be reduced from 129 tons per million DM of gross production
value in 1958 to 96.5 tons in 1965.
Ica 225%
25X1
25X1
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On the other hand, the use of aluminum is to be increased to 218.4 percent, and
the use of plastics, particularly for the manufacture of machine-construction
products, is to be increased to about 350 percent.
The use of raw materials is to be appreciably reduced through the rapid develop-
ment of miniature construction components.
In the textile industry, the direction is towards increasing the part played by
completely synthetic fibers from 1.8 percent to 8.1 percent of all textile fibers
used.
In the course of the Seven-Year Plan, reducing the use of wood has great importance.
Specifically, the use of lumber by the building industry and the furniture industry,
and particularly for crating, is to be reduced. In place of lumber, the production
and use of fiber board and hard board will be increased 860 percent, concrete products
will be increased 216 percent, and concrete ties 248 percent. In: increasing
building operations to 207 percent, the use of wood per million DM of total
building costs is to be decreased from 149.3 cubic meters to 86.4 cubic meters.
In covering the requirements of industry, of other businesses, and of the populace
for heating, the production of gas and the use of fuel oil are to be increased more
than average. The part contributed by gas and fuel oil to the total primary energy
consumed is to be increased from 2.4 percent to 6.4 percent.
In achieving all this, machine construction has important tasks. The production
of continuous-flow heaters to cover the requirements of the populace is to be
increased 119 percent, and the production of gas heaters is to increase 61 percent.
Necessary arrangements for using gas for domestic heating are to be made.
To use the presently available quantities of petroleum, the machine-construction
industry is to develop and produce various types of equipment, principally boilers
and burners and measuring, regulation, and control instruments, as well as
auxiliary pumps.
Tank cars which can be heated and tank trucks must be produced for the transport
and storage of fuel oil.
This will initiate a rearrangement in the use of primary energy sources and of
chemical materials. This rearrangement must lead to an extraordinary increase in
productivity, to an improvement of fuel supply and a reduction of its cost, and
to an increasing variety of finished products of the chemical industry.
Tasks of Research and Technology
The technical level of products and also the techniques of production will definitely
be determined by the results of scientific research.
Basic research in the institutes of the German Academy of Sciences, in the institutes
and research laboratories of the institutions of higher education and in the
institutes belonging to industry is to be strengthened so that the required lead
over production is continually assured.
In particular, increased work is to be done on the following problems:
The use of atomic energy; the development of heavy-duty reactors;
controlled fusion of lighter nuclei, particularly of hydrogen nuclei.
Extensive development of isotope technique.
Basic research in the field of photochemistry.
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Broadening of research in the field of electrochemistry:
Working out of new catalytic processes.
Further development of electron and ion optics, particularly
the electron microscope.
Development of vacuum metallurgy and development and testing
of methods for producing pure substances, particularly for semi-
conductors.
Development of metal ceramics.
Further development of aromatization processes and of the
technique for producing pure aromatics for synthesis plants.
Research in thermal fission processes, particularly for the
production of olefines.
Technical advances in industry will develop the requisite rapid tempo
only if the scientific bases of production are strengthened without loss of
time. For a rapid raising of the technical level and the quality of products,
and in the interest of introducing new high-production processes, all,
research, development, and design capabilities are to be fully exploited and
are to be adjusted to specific tasks. The requirements must be quickly met
that will enable our products more and more to determine the world level in
such products.
All research and development laboratories belonging to industry have the
task of raising the productivity of machines, equipment, and industrial
installations, and of completing the transition to optimal production units,
and of utilizing light construction methods and thus bringing about a reduction
of specific weights.
Apparatus are especially to be developed which, on the basis of new
technology, will make traditional processes obsolete and will result in a
sudden raising of labor productivity.
In all new development work, the principles of health protection and
labor protection and the newest scientific knowledge of labor heath:' are to
be rigorously observed and applied.
Research, development, and d eS1p offices of industry have the following
tasks:
to develop new measuring, regulating, and control devices;
to put the technique of producing semiconductors on a sound basis.
Electronic components, such as storage (memory) cores, ferrites for
microwave technics, circuit ferrites, germanium rectifiers, germanium
transistors, and diodes for highest frequencies, have priority in development
and are to be constantly kept at the level of the latest technical developments.
Gas turbines up to a capacity of 25 MW are to be developed.
The necessary conditions are to be created for the transmission of
electric current of 380 KV. The lag in developing the necessary high-tension
switching equipment must be quickly overcome.
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In the chemical industry, techniques for the prcduction of organic
cbethical. materials, particularly aromatics, are to be developed on a petrc.leum
basis, and this is a priority.
A sure process for the production and processing of high-pressure and
low-pressure polyethylenes must be worked out quickly in the research
installations.
Experiments for producing further epoxy resins and unsaturated polyesters
are to be carried out, and the methods for producing polyvinyl acetates3
are to be perfected.
The technique for the production of silicon oils and silicon rubber is
to be improved. Completely synthetic fibers are to be further developed.
The most modern installations for brown-coal mining, for rolling mills,
and for forges are to be made available by the machine-construction industry.
The technical gap in the production of chemical installations and air-
conditioning installations must be overcome by the year 1962.
Equipment tor the building : industry and the building materials industry
must, by its technical perfection and the degree of mechanization, make sure
that the high production goals of the building industry are reached.
To improve the traditional techniques of light industry, machines with
greatly increased capacity are to be developed. Needed machine assemblies
are to be perfected for the new textile techniques, and the still existing
gaps in equipment . . . . . . . . . 64
In electric-power construction projects, all technical prerequisites are
to be satisfied for the production and testing of 100-10! block unf.ta. The
development of larger--capacity units is to be accomplished with duo attention
paid to processes used abroad and to the primary eneri'y basis in the DDR, which
is changing.
In railroading and in machine construction, the technical conditions are
to he achieved for the transition to diesel locomotives and electric locomotives.
Modern passenger coaches of great comfort are to be developed..
For air transport, a short- to medium-distance commercial airplane is to
be developed for short take-off and landing strips and is also to have great
economy in operation.
In the building industry, prefabrication methods using components weighing
two and five tons are to be further developed.
Model buildings are to have priority. The necessary facilities, such as
experimental shops, model sections,p 0 d a 3. shops, are to be erected in all
enterprises.
While protecting the principle of frugality and maintaining firm discipline,
each enterprise must carry out Socialist reorganization in the. time set and
thereby insure the achievement of the economic and political aims of the Seven-
Year Plan.
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Socialist reorganization is to insure that in the period of the Seven-
Year Plan more goods, worth at least 178 billion DM, are produced than were
produced in the year 1958. The (annual) production of consumer goods by in-
dustry must be at least doubled during this period.
In the Seven-Year Plan, an accumulation increase of at least 18 billion
IN is to be achieved through reorganization measures.
Sixty billion IN will be invested during the Seven-Year Plan for carrying
out Socialist reorganization in industry. rach investment project must be
prepared with great care in order to obtain the greatest return for this
expenditure.
(Page missing from photocopy of original)
Through Socialist reorganization, an increase in gross production of at
least 188 percent is to be insured in the years from 1959 to 1965, and labor
productivity in industry is to increase at least 9 to 9.5 percent.
Socialist reorganization measures will satisfy the prerequisites for
overtaking the per capita industrial production of West Germany within the
period of the Seven-Year Plan.
By exploiting all the potentialities of Socialist conditions of production,
Socialist reorganization will lead to a definite improvement of the workers'
living standard.
II. Socialist Reorganization of the Most Important Enter-
prises and Branches of Industry, of the Building In-
dustry, and of Transport, Communications, and Whole-
sale Trade
Metal-Working Industry
The development of machine construction will influence to a high degree
the development of the entire economy of the DDR. By making available the
requisite means of production, machine construction will furnish the pre-
requisites for carrying out the chemical program, for expanding the energy
basis, for industrializing the building industry, and for the Socialist reform
of agriculture. Therefore machine construction must produce equipment re-
presenting the highest technical development, which will insure a high degree of
mechanization and automation in all branches of the economy. Valuable
industrial products and technical articles required in daily life are to be
provided in adequate amounts to supply the populace. The greatest exports of
the DDR are to be machines and equipment of a high technical level designed
for export trade.
For this reason, the production of the metal-working industry is to be
raised ...18 percent, and in the centrally directed enterprises it is to be
increased _25 percent.
In order to guarantee a balanced development of machine construction, the
present disproportions are to be removed by 1961. Therefore production in the
VVBs, which chiefly produce export goods, is to be increased _60.5 percent.
Spare-parts production is to be developed so that, beginning in 1960, the re-
quirements for variety and quality will be met. Spare parts for products
which are no longer made must be manufactured in special plants or workshops.
The use of human and machine labor is to be decreased through the in-
troduction of more rational processes of finishing, as well as improvement in
the organization of production, so that the following increase in labor pro-
ductivity and reduction of production costs will be achieved:
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 assemblies is to,be-centralized. To expand the capacity of consumer in-
dustries, particularly the electrical industry, 14 pew highly Mechanized
large-scale plants are. to be built. In 24 enterprises, production capacity
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Raising of Labor Reduction of
Productivitx -----Production Costs
-------- ----- ----
1958 - 1961 to 141.8 percent 15.04 percent
1958 - 1963 to 177.4 23.18
1958 - 1965 to 221.4 " 30.23 "
By 1961, the world standard is to be reached or is to be net by all im-
portant products, particularly new electrical products and measuring and
regulation devices.
Research and development work is to be so organized that, by 1961,
2,900 new products will go into production ip the centrally directed machine-
construction industry. The production of obsolete types is to be dropped.
In all machines and equipment, the latest safety devices and technical
discoveries are to be employed.
Material-saving construction methods are to be incorporated in research,
development, and design work. Assembly o#' prefabricated machine parts is to
be used more and more.
Miniaturization of components Is to be prppoted,partieularly in the
branches of electrical engineering.
To speed up development work, the experiences of foreign countries in
design and technique are to be thoroughly evaluated, and documentation is
to be exchanged between countries of the Socialist Camp; difficult points
are to be worked out through international cooperative gooups for research
and development. Direct cooperation between institutes and enterprises is
to be strengthened and directed towards ,pint contributions to the
solution of technical problems.
In machine construction, at least 3,50Q standard types ,, to to be worked
out by 1962. Standardization will bring'abo?t a reduction of the number of
types, construction sizes, and output stages of products, and will open up
additional possibilities for using standard components.
Existing machines and equipment are to be modernized, using standardized
construction assemblies, in order to raise the degree of mechanization and
automation. Additional facilities, such As jnterlinked assemblies, well
organized stock rooms, and the like, are to be developed and put into operatiop.
The general overhaul and modernization of machines and equipment of machine-
construction enterprises is to be carried out on a production-line basis
(serienmissig), Central workshops and enterprises are to be set up for this
purpose. Modern measuring and control instruments are to be Installed for
better utilization of existing machines and installations.
Socialist reorganization in machine construction must make sure that
the existing dispersal of production is overConae. This will be aooopplished
by centralizing the.finishing of similar 'products and by specializing the
the enterprises. In this way, the production of individual pain awd.a?f
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is to be considerably expanded through new construction in parts of the plants,
and in more than 100 enterprises the same thing is to be accomplished through
replacement of old equipment.
The production per square meter of manufacturing area is to be increased at least
75 percent in centrally directed machine-construction enterprises through in-
vestment and reorganization measures.
The part played by series production in total production is to be increased by
1965 as follows:
1958 1965
Part played by single-item production 24 percent 14.5 percent
Part played by small series production 28.6 percent 24.5 percent
Part played by large series production 47.4 percent 61 percent
Mechanized work is to increase so that 45 percent of the factory workers by 1961
and 52 percent by 1965 will be working in mechanized production processes. Auto-
mation of the work performed by manual labor is to be developed so that in 1961
three percent and in 1965 six percent of the production workers of the machine-
construction industry will be in automated departments or in automated machine
assembly lines.
For this purpose, at least 30 automated production stages are to be set up, as
well as 2,700 assembly lines, of which 950 will be machine assembly lines and
1,450 will be manual assembly lines.
The stock of machine tools is to be renovated by the addition
of some
110,000 new
machine tools and the retirement of obsolete machines by the
year 1965
(42,500 are
to be added by 1961) so that the part played by machines of rating No.
I and
rating No. II will increase at least to 50 percent.
Automatic machines are to increase from four percent to at least 16 percent by
the introduction of 22,000 automatic lathes, automatic presses, and single-purpose
machines for intermittent- flow production lines and continuous-flow production
lines.
The supply of milling machines is to be increased two and a half times and of
non-cutting shaping machines five times. Thus the part played by non-cutting
shaping machines is to be raised to 30 percent by 1965. Production per machine
is to be'.inoreased at least 70 percent by introducing machines of greater capacity
and through small-scale mechanization (Kleinmechanisierung), modernization of
existing machines and equipment, and the use of standardized and normed equipment,
and by doubling tool-edge time.
New technical processes and proved new methods, such as patterncasting and lost-
wax casting, finishing rollers, extrusion molding, precision forging, dipping,
electro-erosive engraving, grooved milling machines and taper-foot roller cutter,
milling with ceramic cutting tools, multiple-chisel planes, striking-tooth cutters,
coil winders, electrical and machine removal of burrs, glazing rollers, copying
loops, jet flanges (? Strahllappen), Superfinehen (sic),5 and heat bonderizing
are to be introduced as far as technically feasible.
The use of raw materials in machining is to be reduced an average of 25 percent
through intermediate pattern-making and the use of pre-profiled materials in all
cases where this is feasible.
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Replacement swages in sufficient numbers are to be provided in order
to achieve continuous production in forging plants. The tool-edge time of
the swages is to be increased about 50 percent.
In the field of sheetmetal working, the introduction of bands, blanks,
and intermediate patterns is to be mechanized and automated by using self-
starting feeding equipment. Finishing lines are to be set up for the
production of perforated pieces. Special presses, cutters, and edgers,
automatic stretching and planing machines, flattening extrusion presses
and percussion extrusion presses in great numbers are to be introduced into
forming processes.
Standardized construction components, prefabricated equipment, and unit-
ized equipment based on norms are to be manufactured in specialized plants
or departments of enterprises.
Lending stations for equipment and tools are to be established in
the industrial centers, particularly in Karl-Marx-Stadt by 1960; in Berlin,
Erfurt, and Leipzig by 1961; and in Magdeburg, Halle, and Dresden by 1962.
Standardized equipment, standardized construction components, equipment
norms, and prefabricated machine parts must-be introduced in all plants of
the metal-working industry in order to speed up modernization and to re-
lieve the machine materials departments.
The production of welded designs is to be increased in the centrally
directed machine-construction plants from 680,000 tons in 1958 to 1,800,000
tons by 1965, whereby the ratio between meted designs and welded designs
is to increase from 1 : 1.3 to 1 : 5.
The part played by automatic welding is to increase from 30 percent
in 1958 to 50 percent through better utilization of existing welding equipment
and through the annual addition of at least 200 new UP automatic welding
machines.
0
C02 shielded are welding for use in vertical and overhead locations, as
well as in fully automatic welding of thin seams, etc., is to be increased
through the addition of 200 welding machines in 1960.
In the construction of chemical apparatus and of containers, in welding
light and nonferrous metals, as well as in spot welding, the part played
by argon-shielded arc welding is to be increased through the addition of
300 newly developed standard welding machines.
In order to increase the use of economically operating transformers
in welding, calcium-base electrodes are to be produced, beginning in 1960,
which can be used in welding with alternating current.
In order to make greater use of resistance welding, 2,150 new resistance
welding machines with auxiliary equipment are to be introduced into machine
construction by 1965.
Fastening of metals by adhesives (jclebenj is to be used increasingly
particularly in connection with light construction methods where components
are to be fastened together.
The expense of hardening processes is to be greatly reduced and the
quality of the hardened parts is to be raised by greater use of gas car-
burization and of induction and flame hardening.
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Assembly techniques are to be made more rational by using line and block assembly.
Assembly facilities are to be centralized, and in this way the best possible
utilization of mechanized and automated equipment is to be achieved.
From now on, design must take account of the requirements of such methods, and
must be directed to the mechanization and automation of assembling.
In out-of-doors assembly work, completely electrified assembly equipment is to be
utilized on large building sites.
Quality control is to be improved through greater use of measuring and testing
equipment. Automatic machines are to be used for measuring, testing, and sorting
mass-produced articles.
Quality controls are to be brought up to modern standards of production through
the use of statistical quality controls and through improvement of modern testing
methods based on electronic, pneumatic, and non-optical systems and on isotope
technique.
One hundred and twenty gamma defectoscopes using iridium 192 and cobalt 60 as the
irradiation sources are to be brought into use by 1962. Modern rooms for testing
with isotopes are to be constructed in the key enterprises of industrial centers,
which will guarantee non-hazardous work with radioactive isotopes. Individual
responsibility for checking on radiation hazards in the place of work is to be
promoted everywhere.
For a rational improvement of the finishing of products, semi-automatic and fully
automatic surface-finishing processes are to be introduced, particularly in
electroplating, nitrating of surfaces, carburization, chrome-plating, surface -
finishing through bonderizing and sulphinization (Sulphinisieren), and in the
production of sprayed coatings for metals and plastics.
Electrolytic smoothing and polishing, electrostatic lacquering, and Strahll.ppen
are to be used.
Heavy Machine Construction
The most important branches of heavy machine construction, such as machine-tool
construction, the production of building machinery, and the manufacture of equipment
for the chemical industry, have special importance for the reorganization of
industry. The production of machine tools is to increase in value to 254+ percent
in 1965 as compared with 1958. In order to insure the automation of individual
branches of the machine-construction industry, production is to be increased in
1965 as compared with 1958 as follows:
Automatic and semi-automatic machine tools to 302 percent
Precision machines to 375 percent
Special machines to 470 percent
Moreover, the most important thing is to overcome the dispersal of production.
Therefore, on the basis of 229 standard types for cutting tools and 153 standard
types for non-cutting shaping machines, 27 central factories for machine parts
and construction assemblies are to be set up by 1965, of which 23 will be completed
by 1961; 55 product-control assembly lines, 104 manual assembly lines, and 4+5
machine assembly lines also will be put into operation.
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The part played by series production is to increase to 83 percent of total pro-
duction. The most important feature of the technical measures is the renovation
of the stock of machines. In the years from 1959 to 1965, 4,000 new machine tools
are to be put into operation. In addition, 618 modernization projects are to be
carried out. The transition to high-production methods is to be made through
the introduction of special machines. By 1961 in 18 enterprises, for example,
grinding with slideways grinding machines will be replaced by milling, and in
15 enterprises casehardening will be replaced by induction hardening. Of the
machine tools to be newly installed, turret lathes, automatic lathes, bedplate
millers, slideways grinding machines, and drill units must constitute at least
41 percent. By 1964, 588 new developments and further developments are to be
carried through to completion in order to achieve the highest technical level.
By 1962, 50 percent of these developments are to reach the production stage.
The important points in development projects are the following: (a) partial
automation and full automation through the development of self-operating machines;
(b) development of auxiliary equipment to the level of mechanization and the
range of utilization of machines and equipment; (c) greater precision in work;
(d) improvement of service, maintenance, and safety.
The following developments are to be quickly put into production: automatic
multiple-die crank presses with feeding devices, safety controls, a friction
clutch, and a pressure of 630 tons; automatic hydraulic presses and deep drawing
presses with programmed control and welded press frames; milling machines of
unit construction with programmed control or control by magnetic or perforated
tape.
In order to make possible the increased use of plastic materials, the following
new developments are to be completed by 1962: automated presses and machines
for plastics; batteries of piston extrusion presses; screw extruders of 200-mm
diameter; double screw extruders; automatic die-casting machines; and pre-
plasticizing equipment for the processing of thermosetting plastics and thermo-
plastics. Standai.z=dseries of vacuum shaping machines and automatic air-
pressure machines are to be put into production by 1961 for making thermo-plastic
hollow ware: and for working thermoplastics in sheets and plates by modern
drawing and stretching processes. To cover the needs of the plastics processing
industry, the production of these machines is to be increased to 413 percent in
1965 as compared with 1958.
Eight completely specialized enterprises will be set up in the most important
regions so that the work of repair and modernization of used machine tools can
be carried out without loss of time. Through the VVB Werkzeugmaschinenbau,
centralized customer service and repair facilities are to be installed in all
production enterprises making machine tools.
Labor productivity is to increase 123.3 percent in 1965 in comparison with 1958.
Production costs are to be reduced 35.34 percent in the same period.
In the production of tools and equipment, the great dispersal of production
inherited from the capitalistic period is to be overcome. In particular, the
regulation of the 216 private enterprises of various types which are outside the
VVBs is to be strengthened. Production in equipment construction is to be in-
creased 258 percent in 1965 in comparison with 1958. The important point in all
this is the production of standarized and unitized equipment, standardized con-
struction components, norms for equipment, and equipment from prefabricated
machine parts.
Gross production per square meter of factory space is to be increased to 134
percent by 1961, 155 percent by 1963, and 197 percent by 1965.
In the most important industrial areas, coordinating factories are to be set up
in order to assure the centralized manufacture of equipment.
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The production of cutting machine tools is to be increased 193 percent in the
course of the Seven-Year Plan, including an increase of 212 percent in special
tools and 160 percent in series-produced tools.
The existing gaps in powered clamping devices, step-process tools, broaches,
ground tapping machines, cutting and shaving tools, small-scale tapping machines,
and abrasives with-a grinding speed of more than 50 meters per second are to be
closed by 1963. By improvement in design, :by alloying basic materials, and by
thermal treatment, the edge-life of tools is to be increased as much as possible
while increasing the cutting speed 30 percent.
In the production of tools, particularly of standard tools, the workshop principle
of production is to be superseded as far as possible and a transition made to
"complex" manufacture.
By 1961, the production of boring jigs, spiral drills shaped without cutting,
metal slitting disks, hard-metal turning tools, and cutting dies is to be com-
pletely automated or in some instances partially automated. To improve the
organization of production, 10 manual assembly lines will be put into operation by
1961 and 21 by 1965, 10 machine assembly lines by 1961 and 40 by 1965. To improve
the sadly overage stock of machines belonging to the VVB, 2,386 new machines
(800 of them high-production special machines) are to be introduced and 1,200
machines are to be modernized.
In addition, the VVB Werkzeugmaschinen is to develop and produce special automatic
copying lathes, thread-grinding machines with eccentric relief, tooth-flank grinding
machines for bevel grinding, and special sharp grinding machines.
The mechanization of the enterprises of the VVB is to be increased to 75 percent by
1961 and 80 percent by 1956.
In the enterprises of the VVB, 212 tasks of standardization, fixing of types, and
established of norms are to be carried out by 1965. Of these tasks, 50 percent are
to be completed by 1961 and :about:: 78 percent by 1963. Sixty-five instances of
standardization and of establishment of types are to be carried out in the field of
grinding tools, 25 in the field of attachments, and 65 in the field of woodworking
machines. For example, the existing 840 types of serrated-profile broaching cutters
are to be reduced to 380, and the present 1,200 types of broaching cutters for
internal gears are to be reduced to 1+00 types by 1961.
Labor productivity is to increase 125.6 percent in 1965 in comparison with 1958, and
production costs are to go down 31.3 percent in the same period.
To insure the supply of power, manufacture of equipment for power production is to be
considerably increased. Production of turbines is to increase~.218 percent in 1965
in comparison with 1958, of water-tube boilers and high-pressure boilers 169 percent.
By 1965, a 300 MW power increase is to be assured through the production of gas
turbines with a capacity of 25 MW. Production of steam generators, water purifiers,
and pipes is to be centralized in order to achieve greater specialization of enter-
prises.
VEB Grossdampferzeuger is to be established in Berlin as the leading enterprise
for the construction of steam generators. VEB Vorwtxmer- and Kesselbau K8then is
to specialize in small coal-fired steam generators up to 6.5 t/h and oil-fired
generators up to 12.5 t/h. VEB Dampfkesselbau Gera is to be a specialized producer
of ships' boilers and special boilers. In turbine and generator construction,
measures must be focused on centralizing the manufacture of assembly groups and of
single parts. The current measures are to be carried out by 1963. The shaping
of turbine blades without machining is to be done in VEB Industriewerk Ludwigsfelde
and is to be centralized by 1963.
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Manufacture of generators up to 25 MW is to be centralized in VEB Sachsenwerk
Niedersedlitz, and above 25 MW in VEB Bergmann-Borsig, Manufacture of gas
turbines of all sizes is to be centralized in VEB G8rlitzer Maschinenbau.
Manufacture of hydraulic gearing units for locomotives and rail cars is to be
centralized in VEB Turbinenfabrik Dresden. To insure that the repair program is
on a sound basis, VEB Kesselwerk Neumark is to be made the coordinating plant
for repairs of large steam generators. VEB G8rlitzer Maschinenbau and VEB
Bergmann-Borsig 1 will-- set up independent repair departments by 1960 and 1963
respectively. VVB Energiemaschinenbau is to make sure that power-generator
construction is done in three shifts according to the principles of rapid repair.
In power-generator construction, the modernization of the stock of machines must
be carried out by introducing 1,270 new machine tools. The manual abrading of the
sealing surfaces of turbine housings is to be superseded through the introduction
of special abrading machines. Fifty standardization points in the program for
fixing of types are to ensure that the number of pressure stages in steam-generator
construction is reduced from 23 to 7, temperature stages from 31 to 8, and
capacity stages from 180 to 25. The program to establish types of condensing
turbines is to be limited to 10 capacity stages with five pressure and temperature
stages, whereby a reduction of types from 21 to 10 is to be achieved. Shielded
arc welding, electric slack welding, and magnetic drum welding are to be used in
steam generator and pipe construction to improve on present methods. Block and
construction group assembly of steam generators, water-purifying installations,
and pipelines is definitely to be used.
By 1962, it must be certain that small boilers, air preheaters, and economizers
are produced by assembly line methods. By standardization, specialization of
enterprises, and centralization of production, the part played by individual
manufacture in total production is to be reduced to 70 percent by 1961, 50 percent
by 1963, and 46 percent by 1965. Developing the technical level of the products
of power machine construction has above all to aim at raising the capacity units,
raising the parameters (pressure and temperature), coupling the cyclic processes of
steam turbines and gas turbines, shortening the start-up and shut-off times of
steam turbine blocks, and completely automating the starting procedure and the
operation. The supply program must include steam generators up to a capacity of
420 t/h and multi-stage turbines, with a capacity up to 100 MW with appropriate
water-feed installations, and pipe-'lines, with parameters up to 160 atmospheres
and 535 degrees Centigrade. The production of 25-MW standardized peak-load gas
turbine installations is to be undertaken by VEB G8rlitzer Maschinenbau by 1962.
Hydraulic gearing units with a transmission capacity of 1,000 hp are to be put
into production in VEB Turbinenfabrik Dresden by 1961.
In the second half of the Seven-Year Plan, the development and design preliminaries
for the construction of nuclear power plants of high-capacity units are to be
completed.
Labor productivity in 1965 is to increase 154 percent in comparison with 1958:
production costs are to go down 31.97 percent in the same period.
The production of equipment for the building industry, building-materials industry,
and brick and tile industry must insure that building is industrialized and that
construction work is mechanized. Complete machine systems are to be developed and
put into production by 1962 for the full mechanization of super-highway construction;
the production of equipment for this purpose is to be increased 128 percent during
the period of the Seven-Year Plan. The production of replacement parts is to be
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increased 250 percent. Production per square meter of manufacturing area is to be
increased to 136 percent in 1961, 146 percent in 1963, and 170 percent in 1965 in
comparison with 1958. To coordinate production, leading enterprises are to be set
up which will be responsible (a) for the development and production of road-con-
struction, (b) for the brick and tile industry, and (c) for fine ceramics and
electroceramics. The production of construction components and assemblies is to
be centralized. Five machine assembly lines are to be set up by 1962 for the
manufacture of track links for excavators, standardized components for mixers,
and special motors for vibration equipment. Seventeen manual_ assembly lines are
to be set up by 1961 in order to mechanize the assembly of silos for building
material, chutes, and deep-drilling equipment for rock as well as of bucket
dredges and steam shovels.
To achieve centralization of production, the number of types of concrete mixers is
to be reduced from 31 to 16, of steam shovels from five to three, and of pulverizing
machines from 70 to 39; this is to be accomplished by 1961. The standardization
measures are to aim at unitizing building components and assemblies. For example,
the entire equipment for the three standard-type universal excavators, such as
drag lines, grab buckets, shovels, etc., are to be unitized according to classi-
fications of size and soil.
In plants making concrete components for construction work, a basic piece of equip-
ment with specialized forming attachments is to be introduced which can be used on
all kinds of jobs. The research and development assignments must make sure that by
1961 all important equipment for building and for read construction reaches the
international level.
Under this come universal power shovels, concrete-surface and black-top road machines,
power mixers and free-fall mixers, automatic mixer installations, mixing silos,
large plants to make reinforced-concrete components, and machines for making bricks
and ceramic components. By 1962,-120 new types are to be put into production.
Tower slewing cranes of 100-mt (meter tons) capacity are to be put into production
by 1960.
Labor productivity is to increase 198.2 percent by 1965 in comparison with 1958.
Production costs are to go down 36.35 percent in the same period.
In the course of the Seven-Year Plan, production of chemical equipment is to increase
in value 151.3 percent and of equipment for cooling and air conditioning 74 percent.
Production per square meter of manufacturing area is to increase to 151 percent in
1961, 160 percent in 1963, and 212 percent in 1965 in comparison with 1958. By
1963, production of containers, heat exchangers, evaporators, etc., is to be
centralized. Special and single-item production is to be reduced from 51 percent
in 1958 to 35 percent by 1965.
In cooperation with the chemical industry, standardization and type-establishment
progress based on the assembly or prefabricated parts must be worked out for chemical,
apparatus construction, for equipment for the rubber and plastics industries, for
equipment for soda factories, and for equipment for the cold-storage industry.
By 1962, the number of types of large-scale compressors is to be reduced from 37
to 18. To improve the technology of this branch of industry, 25 manual assembly
lines and 10 machine assembly lines are to be put into operation by 1961, and a
total of 70 manual assembly lines, 29 machine assembly lines, and four automatic
assembly lines by 1965.
To renovate the stock of machines, 1,360 new machine tools are to be put into
operation in the years 1959 to 1965. Rationalization and invention are to be
directed to the modernization of 1,000 machine tools in the years 1959 to 1965.
Fifty percent of all welding is to be carried out by means of high capacity
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welding processes. Standardized techniques are to be used for duplicating parts
and products. In foundries, the new processes are to be introduced by 1961. The
output of gas-tight casting is to be raised about 4,000 tons by 1961. By 1965,
research teams cooperating with the chemical industry are to carry out 500 develop-
ments. Key points of the development tasks are the following:
One hundred pilot plants are to be turned over to the chemical
industry in order to insure that industry utilizes large-scale
laboratory research.
Highly effective measuring and ~ onbrols systems are to be
developed for the automation of new and existing production
facilities.
Light construction techniques are to be promoted through the
use of high-strength and shaped materials, moisture-proof and
shock-proof coatings for containers made of VA (vinyl acetate)
material and laminated plastics. Completely hermetic and
semi-hermetic refrigeration units of medium capacity, up to
20,000 1? logram colories per hours, are to be developed.
Assembly of prefabricated machine parts is to be used. The
accomplishment of research and development tasks is to be
assured through Socialist cooperative work groups, particularly
in cooperation with the chemical industry.
Labor productivity in 1965 is to increase 131 percent in comparison with 1958,
while production costs go down 37.78 percent in the same period.
Textile-machine construction must be directed particularly to manufacturing
machines for producing, processing, and finishing chemical fibers and to pro-
ducing high-capacity machines for processing natural fibers.
Gross production is to be increased 143 percent by 1956, including the manufacture
of machines for producing chemical fibers, which is to be increased tenfold,
spinning machines to be increased 114 percent, knitting and hosiery machines to
be increased 138 percent, and textile-finishing machines to be increased 150
percent. Labor productivity is to increase to 145 percent by 1961, 183 percent
by 1963, and 242 percent by 1965 in comparison with 1958.
By 1965, the basic types of machines used by the textile industry are to be
reduced from 1,148 to 371. To expand the use of high-capacity machines for
special processes (e.g., Malimo, Floretta, and Skelan), the number of their basic
types is to be raised from three to ten, and the variety of designs from four to
56. The development work for this program is to be accomplished with simultaneous
standardization by 1963.
The basic types of equipment for the production of fashion items, e.g., knitting
machines, is to be reduced from 16 to 9, but the output types are to be increased
in accordance with the requirements of the textile industry. Twenty-three
central production plants are to be built by 1962 for the manufacture of standard
parts, such as spindles, ring spinning frames, travellers, and Jacquard loom wires.
To improve the processes used, 46 group assembly sections, 60 mounting assembly
lines, 35 machine assembly lines, and 10 automatic assembly lines are to be put
into operation.
The degree of mechanization is to be increased to 56 percent by 1961, and about
60 percent by 1965.
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Research and development work must insure that, beginning in 1960 or 1961, the
textile industry has machines for textile printing according to the Malimo,
Skelan, and Floretta processes, space-and weight-saving high-capacity teasles,
cotton-spinning and ring-spinning frame machines with spindles of 16,000 rpm and
30 meters per second traveller speed, automated (weaving) machines for cotton
with 240 throws per minute, automatic weaving machines for silk with 180 to
200 throws per minute and modern circular knitting machines for the stocking
industry.
Twisted-thread machines with 80,000 rpm are to be in zero-series production in
1961 for the manufacture of crepe-twist thread.
In machines for the production of chemical fibers, the technical gap in spinning
machines for polyamid silk is to be overcome by 1961, inasmuch as machines with
a capacity of 1,500 meters per minute are to be made available. A spinning-pot
machine with a spinning speed up to 130 meters per minute is to be put into pro-
duction in 1961.
The chief tasks in the field of textile finishing machines are setting up assembly
lines and building plant complexes for established types of machines. The most
widespread utilization of measurement and control techniques is required in order
to achieve continuous finishing processes.
To guarantee the further Socialist transformation of agriculture, production of
farm machinery and tractors is to be increased 117 percent by 1965. Production
of combines is to be increased 517 percent by 1961 as compared with 1958, of 18-hp
wheeled tractors 315 percent, and of caterpillar-type tractors over 45 hp 322 percent.
In comparison with 1958, labor productivity is to increase to 178 percent by 1961,
203 percent by 1963, and 224 percent by 1965.
One hundred twenty-eight new farm machines are to be developed and put into produc-
tion,including a hydraulic-equipped tractor by 1960 and a drive axle for a manure
spreader, a combination milking machine for barn and pasture use, and a beet-har-
vesting machine in light-construction design by 1961.
The development of wheeled tractors on which to mount grass- and corn-silage
harvesting machinesrrustbe quickly completed. The drive unit must be part of a
type series, on the basis of which all-wheel drive tractors, rear-wheel drive
tractors, and caterpillar-type tractors in the 60-hp class can be produced by the
assembly of prefabricated machine parts.
To improve the supply of spare parts, a facility to manufacture them is to be
erected by 1961 in VEB Bodenbearbeitungsger9te Leipzig. By 1965, the production
of spare parts for farm machinary is to be increased 320 percent and of tractor
spare parts 240 percent. In the interest of reducing the demand for spare parts,
the quality Of spare parts is to be improved and the requisite maintenance of
machines and equipment used in agriculture is to be carried out faithfully.
Manufacture of individual items and production is small series are to be out.
Thus the 350 types currently manufactured are to be reduced to 260 by 1965. The
production of the remaining types must be done by the system of assembly of
standardized components. By centralizing the manufacture of parts, a transition
to group assembly or to assembly lines is to be made. Centrally directed plants
are to be set up for the manufacture of sprocket wheels, V-belt pulleys, wheel
forks, steel bearing boxes, and reaping-machine'.. knives and fingers. Forty-two
manual-assembly lines, 44 machines assembly lines, and 27 semi-automatic and
completely automatic assembly lines are to be put into operation by 1966, of
which 20 are to be ready by 1961. Thus the labor required for the production of
the items listed above is to be reduced by about 6,100,000 hours.
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The degree of mechanization is to be raised to 58 percent in 1961 and about 61
percent in 1965; the degree of automation is to be raised 5.5 and 7 percent
respectively.
For the most part, non-cutting forming machines are to be used in improving the
stock of equipment. An increase of the part played by cold and hot shaping is
to reach 17 percent by 1965.
To improve product transport, pendulum or circular traffic systems are to be
introduced into the larger enterprises.
Automotive.: Industry and Aviation Industry
Production in the automotive industry is to be increased 75 percent by 1965.
Labor productivity is to increase to 135 percent by 1961, 159 percent by 1963,
and 186 percent by 1965 in comparison with 1958. Passenger-car manufacture is to
be the central point of the reorganization plan.
The number of types of passenger cars is to 17e limited to two, of trucks to four.
The number of types and designs of trailers is to be reduced from 81+ to 9 and of
motorcycles from 46 to 23.
The manufacture of drive shafts, brakes, transmission gears, bodies, and motor-
cycle parts is to be centralized to a greater degree in specialized enterprises.
To improve the spare-parts situation, another enterprise is to be set up which
will manufacture parts for old cars which are no longer made. At the same time
as production of spare parts is increased, raising the quality of spare parts and
improving vehicle maintenance will reduce the demand for spare parts.
To increase the life of vehicles and to reduce fuel consumption, light-construction
methods are to be increasingly used, and new processes of fuel-mixture forming
and new types of carburetors are to be developed and put into production. Fuel
research is to be strengthened.
Development work on a gas turbine for automotive vehicles is to be carried out by
the automotive industry in Socialist cooperation with the aviation industry.
The technology and the manufacturing set-up in automotive manufacture are to be
changed so that the degree of mechanization will be increased to 70 percent by
1965, and automation increased to 19 percent by 1961 and 25 percent by 1965.
In addition, 138 machine assembly lines, 60 automatic and semi-automatic assembly,
lines, and an automatic casting line are to be put into operation.
For the manufacture of small cars, 34 machine assembly lines, 7 automatic assembly
lines, and 1+1 special machines are to be put into operation. The labor required for
each vehicle is to be reduced some 75 hours at the final manufacturing point,
making a reduction of 100 hours altogether.
In order to increase the part played by non-cutting shaping, at least 1,400 non-
cutting shaping machines are to be put into operation by 1965. Furthermore,
automatic feed and receiving equipment, as well as counting devices, are to be
constructed in order to replace manual labor in the press departmeht.
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Automatic resistance welding is to be used to a greater extent, e.g., butt-welding,
spot-welding, projection welding for making small parts, and seam welding for com-
pleting units.
To improve surface protection, manual paint-spraying now employed is to be replaced
by dipping processes. For lacquering, ovens through which the vehicles pass are
to be used and are to have convection and infrared drying chambers.
Further improvement in quality must be backed up by better quality testing, including
the use of gamma defecoscopy and of tagged atoms in wear testing.
Galvanizing departments, including grinding processes, are to be modernized in order
to get rid of heavy manual labor and work that is a health hazard.
The production of rail cars is to be increased 194 percent.
The output per square meter of manufacturing area is to be increased to 132 percent
by 1961, 160 percent by 1963, and 179 percent by 1965 in comparison with 1958.
A comprehensive clean-up of the program is to be undertaken. The number of basic
types is to be reduced from 42 to 34 by 1961; the number of standards is to be
increased from 220 to 440. The development of diesel motors up to 2,400 hp is to be
completed by 1965.
Mechanization of the production of locomotives and cars is to be increased to 32
percent through the development of 63 more manual assembly lines and 10 machine
assembly lines, and mechanization is to be increased to 70 percent in the delivery
enterprises (Zulieferbetriebe).
The manufacture of coil springs in VEB Federn-Werk Zittau is to be automated by the
first quarter of 1960, and wheel-set production in VEB Radsatzwerk Ilsenburg is to
be automated by 1963. In VEB Fahrzeugausrtistung Berlin, the automation of grinding
by carbonized wheels is to be completed by 1963.
In the period from 1959 to 1965, 1,070 new machine tools are to be put into operation.
Furthermore, 113 modernization projects for equipment are to be carried out.
In order to reduce the ratio of tare to useful load in refrigerated freight cars,
more rugged light-conttruction members and foamable non-hygroscopic insulating
materials are to be produced and utilized.
The motive power is to be improved by the use of fast diesel motors and completely
hydraulic transmissions. Modern air-conditioning eg ipnent is to be installed on
long-distance coaches, and in all cars the electric equipment is to be brought
up to the most modern technical level.
Labor productivity is to increase 109.7 percent in 1965 in comparison with 1958.
Production costs will be reduced in the amount of 362,000,000 LM in the years 1959
to 1965. That corresponds to a reduction of 27.83 percent in 1965 in comparison
with 1958.
The aviation industry is to increase its production 210 percent by 1965 in com-
parison with l9$$.
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Investment activity through 1965 is to be directed to specializing and rounding off
the existing facilities developing and producing airframes, jet engines, and
aviation equipment.
The transition to series production in~the manufacture of jet passenger aircraft
is to be completed by 1961. The specific fuel consumption of jet engines is to
be reduced 30 percent, and the life of the engine is to be increased. The running
time of the ASh 82 T piston engine before the first general overhaul is to be
increased to 1,000 hours by 1961.
The ratio. of non-cutting shaping to machining in airframe construction is to be
improved from 1 : 2.6 to 1 : 1.8 by 1965. This requires that technical processes
used hitherto be replaced by chemical reduction and that mechanical press capacity
be expanded. Assembly lines are to be set up for parts assembly, for equipment,
and for final assembly of airframes.
Series production of jet engines is to be rationalized by the use of special cast -)
parts and precision-forged parts. Parts production, assembly for series production,
and repair of jet engines are to be carried out on assembly lines. Welding technique
in jet-engine production is to be raised to the highest technical level through the
use of programmed control.
Hydromechanical devices are to be standardized and are to be produced in series.
Through the reorganization measures, an increase in labor productivity of a least
150 percent is to be reached in this branch of industry by 1965 in comparison
with 1959.
Measuring and Regulation Techniques and Hydraulics
The technical level of machine-construction products and the tempo of automation
will be determined to a definite degree by the development of measuring technique,
control technique, and hydraulics. These branches are therefore to be so
developed that they will reach the international level by 1961, and cover require-
ments by the end of 1961.
The production of measuring devices and control devices is to be increased three-
fold in 1965 in comparison with 1958.
Labor productivity is to increase to 132 percent by 1961, 195 percent by 1963,
and 228 percent by 1965.
Components and assemblies are to be standardized and produced in large series.
Large-series production is to be carried out, especially in tachometers, pressure
gauges, and thermometers.
A 100-percent specialization is to be carried out by 1965. Furthermore, the basic
types in the pressure-gauge program are to be reduced from 54 to 10 by 1961, and
the basic types in the flow-meter program and the inferential flow-meter program are
to be reduced from 60 to 12.
The international uniform assembly of prefabricated machine pacts is to be imposed
on the regulator program which is currently being worked out. Isotope techniques
are to be applied in the construction of regulation equipment, particularly for the
measurement of content.
To improve techniques, 30 manu:a1. assembly lines and 10 machine assembly lines are
to be set up. The production of Woltman counting devices and of oval-disk meters,
signal relays, manometers, and thermometers is to be mechanized or to be automated.
The assembly of medium-size and small manometers and thermometers is to be done by
assembly line in VEB Messger&tewerk.
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In VEB Regler- and Geratewerk Teltow, unit production is to be introduced in the
manufacture of large-quantity flow meters. The production of cylindrical counters
is to be partly automated in VEB Messger.tewerk Quedlinburg. VEB Intron Leipzig
and VEB Gerlitewerk T eltow are to be built up as centers of measurement and control
technology.
Research and development work in this field is to be directed so that all apparatus
coming within the international uniform regulation system for multiple regulation
circuits reach the highest technical level by 1961. Thereby the possibilities of
utilizing the devices will be expanded, e.g., designs that are protected against
the shock of explosions and are weatherproof. This pertains to the production of
feeler gauges, data converters, measurand.(sic) converters, electrical pressure
transmitters, unit regulators with nominal value setting and return, power
amplifiers and servomotors, long-range transmitters, and second-measurement
apparatus.
The production of hydraulic components and assemblies is to be increased eightfold
or more by 1965. At least 75 percent of the hydraulic components are to be pro-
duced in standard designs by 1965. The components are to be so shaped that they
can be put together by the assembly of prefabricated machine parts.
In order to attain the highest technical level in this branch of industry, the
development of axial piston systems is to be speeded up so that they can be put
into production by 1962. The production of hydraulic components is to be
centralized in ten enterprises, and the construction of hydraulic installations
and models is to be centralized in two enterprises. Thus, for example, this pro-
duction of high-pressure gear pumps is to be centralized in VEB Pumpenwerk Karl-
Marx-Stadt, and the production of pressure regulating valves in VEB Hydraulik
Rochlitz.
To improve production techniques, eight manual assembly lines and seven machine
assembly lines are to be put into-operation, including lines for the production
of working cylinders by 1960 and for the production of valves by 1963.
Electrical Engineering
The technical development of machine, construction and of other branches of the
economy, such as transport and communications systems, will certainly be influ-
enced by electrical engineering. For that reason, production capacity, technology,
and the technical level of the products of electrical engineering are to be given
priority in development.
Since components of modern apparatus and installations for communications and of
measuring instruments which meet world standards occupy a key position, the pro-
duction of the industry branch for component parts and vacuum technology must
increase in value from 485,000,000 DM in 1958 to 1,600,000,000 DM in 1965.
Production of the most important items is to be increased as follows:
1958
1961
1963
1965
Transistors (in millions of items)
0.4
3.0
10.0
20.0
Diodes it 11 It it
05.
4.0
8.0
12.5
Germanium and silicon rectifiers
(in millions of items)
0'..2
2.0
3.2
3.6
Picture tubes (including radar)
(in thousands of items)
143. 633.
935.
1,078.
Receiver tubes (in millions of items)
13.9 20.0
21.9
25.5
24.8 72.6
82.8
91.8
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In order to achieve the planned production of semiconductor components, the con-
struction of the new plant in Frankfurt/Oder is to be completed by 1962. The
capacity which will become free in tube plants is to be used for the construction
of semiconductor components. The development work is to be organized by the In-
dustry Institute for Semiconductor Techniques in Teltow so that there will be a
regular masss production of HF transistors up to 6 megacycles by 1960, NF tran-
sistors up to 12 W capacity by 1961, and microwave transistors up to 350 mega-
cycles by 1962.
Electrical engineering facilities are to be set up for the manufacture of special
equipment in order to cover the demand for components for specially manufactured
apparatus of this branch of industry, and these facilities are to be in operation
beginning in 1960.
A higher degree of mechanization and automation of the production of semiconductor
components is to be achieved by 1961 through the use of six assembly lines. The
following priority problems are to be solved in this program:
Crystal-growing from germanium and silicon and the mechanical surface
treatment of semiconductor materials: for the manufacture of transistors
and power retifiers based on germanium and silicon at the Halbleiterwerk
Frankfurt/Oder, and for diode manufacture in the Werk f{r Fernmeldesesen
Berlin.
Lacquer-film condensers and tantalum condensers are to be put into production as
important new products in 1961. The calibration of condensers and resistances is
to be covered; their upper temperature limites and capacities are to be increased.
Development work, moreover, must extend to the following: metal film resistances
of the highest precision, time constancy, and maximum capacitance; miniature plug
connections for microwave and highest frequency technique, having a wave resistance
of 50 to 75 ohms.
Through new technical processes, the electro-chemical treatment of aluminum foils
is to be replaced by electro-erosive roughening, and the strain-hardening process
with epoxides is to be introduced.
High-capacity machines for winding and edging, automatic assembly of components,
and automatic copying, measuring, stamping, and packing are to be used to raise
the level of mechanization and automation in the manufacture of condensers.
Beginning in 1960, four manual assembly lines are to be put into operation for thl
manufacture of potentiometers.
Orderly stock rooms for components are to be used and are a prerequisite for
partially and full; automated production of equipment.
By taking up the production of wide-angle television picture tubes, the world
level in this field is to be reached.
In research and development work, the introduction of voltage grid technique in
receiver tubes is to be completed by 1961 to raise quality; long-life tubes with
10,000 hours guaranteed operation are to be produced by 1961; and the development
of transmitter tubes for microwave techniques is to be achieved by 1961. Color
television is to be developed rapidly.
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For the further improvement of manufacturing methods in vacuum technology, the
transition to the product:'.principle (Erzeugnis-Prinzip), the replacement of gas
heating by radiant heating in pump mountings, and the introduction of automatic
forming through programmed control in metal-ceramic tubes are all to be taken
up by 1962.
Picture tube manufacture is to be fully mechanized by 1960 through putting four
intermittent-flow assembly lines into operation.
Grid production is to be partially automated. Machine assembly lines are to be
constructed for the production of electronic tubes. Automatic production units
are to be used for the manufacture of fluorescent lamps and four new high-capacity
automatic machines for the production of all-purpose lamps are to be put into
operation by 1961.
The packing of tubes and incandescent lamps, condensers, and resistances must be
done by automatic machines by 1961.
The world level in all ferrites is to be reached by 1961 through using modern
production processes. For this purpose, completely automatic presses are to be
used which will guarantee even thicknesses in pressing processes.
Individual production lines are to be combined in intermittent-flow assembly lines
and automatic assembly lines. Measuring devices and automatic machines for testing
products are to be developed and are to be coupled to the packing and stacking
machines.
High-vacuum sintering units for the production of high-grade ferrites are to be
put into operation by the end of 1960.
To hasten the introduction of large-scale production of high-grade ferrites, e.g.,
those with high permeability and slight losses, the chemical industry is to produce
adequate quantities of highest-frequency ferrites, quadrangular ferrites with
special characteristics, suitable oxides, and manganese carbonates of high purity.
Likewise the continuous delivery of silicon carbide in prescribed grain size is
to be assured.
The large-series production of ferrites is to be centralized in VEB Keramische
Werke Hermsdorf.
VEB Werk f{r Bauelemente der Nachrichtentechnik "Carl von 0ssietacy" Teltow is
to produce special ferrites in small series for the development of new communi-
cations devices as well as for electronic computers, guidance devices, and control
apparatus.
In the industry branch for construction components and vacuum technology, the
reorganization measures are to achieve an increase of labor productivity of 168.8
percent and are to lower production costs about 50 percent.
The production of the radio and television industry is to be developed by 1965
as follows:
1958 1961 1963 1965 61 : 58 65 : 58
Millions of DM 520.0 1,066.0 1,315.0 1,616.0 205.0% 311 %
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The production of important items is to be increased as follows:
Thousands of items
1958
1961
1963
1965 61 : 58 -.65 :
58
Television receivers
180
560
650
760 312 % 1122
%
Portable radios
44.
6
191
214
263.8 428 % 590
%
Thirty percent of the families of the DDR will be provided with television receivers
by 1961.
The introduction of new products and the reorganization measures will mean that
by 1962 the world level will be reached in most products, for example, in ordinary
radios, car radios, and portable radios and in television receivers. In order to
reach the world technical level with all speed, research and development are to
concentrate chiefly on the following:
Introduction of radio and television receivers haveing printed
circuits and based on standardized assemblies and components.
Introduction of all-transistor receivers.
Particularly important technical measures are the following:
Introduction of automatic immersion soldering, beginning in 1960.
Utilization of cut-band cores (Schnittbandkerne)'in the industry,
beginning in 1960.
Use of semi-automatic tube-mounting machines, beginning in 1961.
There will be a strong specialization and centralizaion of production based on
established types and standardization. Beginning in 1961, there will be only
two basic types of television receivers to produce instead of 11 types. Manufac-
ture will be centralized in two enterprises instead of in four.
The number of types of radio receivers is to be reduced from 33 in 1958 to 14 in -.i
1961, and to nine basic types in 1965. At the same time, there will be a reductioi
in the number of enterprises engaged in production from the present 17 to six in
1965. ~
The degree of mechanization in the radio and television industry amounted to 24.1
percent in 1958. By 1961, it is to be raised to 29.2 percent, and to 51.0 percen
by 1965. The degree of automation is to be raised from 0.2 percent in 1958 to
4.3 percent by 1965.
VEB Kunden- and Garantiedienst, which was established in 1959, is to cooperate
with the unions of radio servicemen and with other specialists to form a broad
network of repair enterprises in order to cover the requirements for repair of
radio and television receivers. In particular, the supply of spare parts is to
be assured by this means. These measures are to be carried out everywhere by
the local agencies of the State on their own responsibility, and they are to
support them and check up on them.
Socialist reorganization is to increase labor productivity in the radio and
television industry 253 percent by 1965 in comparison with 1958.
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A priority requirement is the readiness for operation of the equipment for trans-
mitting electric power, particularly in connection with the extension of the
220 kilovolt unified power transmission grid, as well as for power transmission of
380 kilovolts from the power-plant complex of the Cottbus region.
Therefore the production of transformers is to be increased 143 percent by 1965 in
comparison with 1958, of high-tension switching devices 270 percent, and of cables
and wires to more than double. In addition, the number of types of transformers
and transducers is to be reduced by 65 percent in 1965.
To improve technology and thus to facilitate the achievement of standardization
and establishment of types, standard transformers up to 1,600 KVA are to be put
into production beginning in 1960. The weight of materials used in power-trans-
formers is to be reduced at least 20 percent through the use of textured plates
(Texturblecher.) and by a change of design beginning in 1960.
Beginning in 1964, production of large transformers of 630 MVA in a special circuit
design (Bankschaltung) for 380 KV, as well as 250 NVA for 220 KV, is to be assured
in three-phase design.
The production of current and voltage converters is cast-resin design is to be
mechanized by 1962.
The planned increase in production of high-tension switch gears is to be achieved
chiefly through assembly of prefabricated machine parts and by limiting the pre-
viously used four breaker principles to two, namely pressure gas principle and
oil-poor principle, and the organization of assembly-line production by 1962.
The expansion of testing facilities for high-power electric technology is to be
speeded up, so that beginning in 1961 all possible means of testing will be ready
for the planned program for producing high-voltage equipment.
To cover the most urgent needs for cables and power lines, and to overcome the
dislocations in this field by 1963, the variety of types is to be strictly limited.
The number of types is to be reduced from 52,000 to 10,000 by the end of 1959, and
to 8,000 by 1963.
Production facilities are to be modernized through the use of high-capacity cable
machines. Thus heavy machine construction has the priority task of drawing up
new designs according to the most modern techniques in the following fields:
Aluminum-sheathing presses, machines for insulating high-tension
cables and for low-voltage wires, paper-stretching machines for
wire wrappings, modern twisters and core-twisting machines for
electric wires and cables, machines to produce granulated material
(Granulat), plastic-spraying machines, and machines to make armored cable.
The following must be included in manufacturing processes: continuous vulcanization
of rubber-insulated electric wires by 1960, automatic control of thickness and
centering in the sheathing of plastic-insulated wires by 1961, thickness measure-
ment (Banddickenmessung) by means of isotopes by 1962, pneumatic conveyor equipment
for fillers and granulated materials by 1962, fully automated wrapping machines
and fully automatic testing equipment by 1963, drawing machines with built-in
lamp- and cup-wrapping equipment (Gltih- and Topfwickeleinrichtung) by 1963, and
mechanized production of tube wires whose stranding will be done on newly developed
machines. For the expansion of modern industrial installations and to assure
highly productive manufacturing plants in connection with the automation, the
electrical design and installations construction branch of the industry is to
increase its production 230 percent, including a 400 percent increase in low
tension switch installations and a 78 percent increase in mountings.
To achieve a rational utilization of the project and design capacity and to get
through the necessary project preliminaries, it is necessary, beginning in 1960,
to use standard construction methods according to norms, as well as to assemble
prefabricated parts and introduce type designs.
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Project capacity is to be specialized and centralized and is to be coordinated by
the electric project design and installations construction branch of the industry.
In project and design offices, rational procedures such as printing and photo-repro-
duction are to be introduced by the end of 1959.
The project-design and installations-construction enterprises, through their
technical-scientific centers, will exercise a stronger influence on the development
and manufacture of more efficient products by the apparatus-construction industry
in order to correspond to the latest technical level.
The installations-construction enterprises are to specialize according to definite
programs. Through this specialization, labor productivity is to increase 143 percent
during the course of the Seven-Year Plan in comparison with 1958, and the part
played by workshop manufacture is to increase 350 percent.
In the plastics processing industry, production is to increase from a value of
500,000,000 DM in 1958 to two billion DM in 1965. The volume of consumer-goods
production in relation to total production is to increase from 8 percent in l9`8
to 15 percent in 1961 and to 20 percent in 1965.
Thus plastics production per capita in the. DDR will increase from about 1..7 kilo-
grams in 1959 to 7.0 kilograms in 1961 and to 16 kilograms in 1965.
A marked centralization of production is to be carried out in order to make the
greatest possible use of existing capacity. The Staaken and Schwerin plants are
to be expanded to plastics processing enterprises, and thus an increase of pro-
duction capacity for thermoplastic and thermo-setting plastic products is to be
created. Production will commence in Staaken in the first quarter of 1960, in
Schwerin by the end of 1960. Nine enterprises are to specialize in order to
cover the electrical industry's requirements for plastics.
VEB Presswerk Spremberg is to be used to supply sleeve bearings and laminated
pressed material for machine construction, and in 1961 the new enterprise in
Schwerin is to produce controls components.
In producing equipment for processing plastic materials, double profile machines
are to be used, forms made of epoxy resins filled with metallic powder are to be
introduced more and more, and extrusion processes and cold hobbing will be employed.
Through these measures, the production of such equipment is to increase about
5,000,000 DM in value by 1965. This means an increase in value of-170 percent. The
production of this equipment is to be centralized in the following enterprises:
VEB Presswerkzeugbau Grossdubrau, Presswerk Triptis, Presswerk Tambach-Dietharz,
Presswerk Ottendorf-Okrilla, Presswerk KBppelsdorf, and Presswerk Spremberg.
Existing machines are to be modernized by building in automatic dosage, feed,
and trimming equipment, using control devices for molding time, and converting
from manual to mechanical and hydraulic operation.
Semi-automatic and fully automatic presses for thermo-setting plastics, high-speed
spraying machines with preplasticization and fully automatic preforming presses
with heatable molds and weight batching for powade.r ,and chopped;. molding materials
as well as automatic finishing machines, are to be introduced. The conveyance of
materials is to be mechanized through the use of conduit systems, and in addition
they will use multiple tools and EF (high-frequency) preheating devices.
In order to achieve a high degree of mechanization on and automation of pro-
duction, large-series production will include the following
Condenser sockets in Presswerk Buna by 1961
Table telephones in Presswerk K8ppelsdorf by 1962
Screw caps in Presswerk Groetzsch, in the first stage by 1962.
The automation df the production of installation materials in Presswerk Probstzella
is to be completed by 1962.
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Reaching the highest level of technical development requires the application of
new processing techniques for high-quality materials. The production of parts
from resins reinforced by fiber glass (polyesters and phenol) for machine con-
struction, vehicle construction, the building industry,etc., is to be assured in
a short period of time, as are the blowing of hollow ware:. of polyethylene for
the packaging industry (canisters, bottles, and special containers), the
application of ornament to thermo-setting plastic parts through printing processes,
and the production of printed circuits by the silver printing process.
Labor productivity in the plastics processing industry is to increase to 382.5
percent by 1965, and production costs are to go down 27.9 percent at the same time.
Casting and Forging
Socialist reorganization in the casting plants of the DDR must lead to using new
techniques and high-production processes, to raising the quality of shaped cast
(dead-mold cast) products, to rapidly increasing the part played by precision
casting, and to overcoming technical backwardness and getting rid of heavy manual
labor.
To increase the part played by highly productive casting processes using no sand
or little sand, priority development is to be given to permanent-mold casting,
pattern casting and precision casting with the last-wax process.
In increasing the total production of cast iron from 851,000 tons in 1959 to
1,268,000 tons in 1965, the part played by modern production processes is to be
increased from 397,000 tons in 1959 to 770,000 tons in 1965.
The production of cast iron by the permanent-mold casting process is to be in-
creased to 44,000 tons in 1959, 90,000 tons in 1961, and 200,000 tons in 1965.
For this purpose, VEB Eisenhammerwerk Dresden-D5lzschen is to convert to highly
mechanized special casting installations and expand production to 60,000 tons by
1964, and VEB Leipziger Eisen - and Stahlwerk is to expand production to 35,000
tons by 1965.
Production in steel form casting by the permanent-mold process is to be increased
from 1,300 tons in 1959 to 4,500 tons in 1961 and to 15,000 tons in 1965. For
this purpose, VEB Hans-Ammon-Eisenwerke Eberswalde, VEB Stahl- and Hartgusswerk
B8sdorf, and VEB Eisengiesserei and Maschinenfabrik Dessau are to set up to fully
mechanized chill casting departments.
The production of malleable cast iron by the chill-casting process is to increase
from 1,300 tons in 1959 to 3,500 tons in 1961 and 8,000 tons in 1965.
By 1964, VEB Eisenwerk SchSnheiderhammer is to be expanded as a fully mechanized
permanent-mold casting installation for malleable cast iron.
Through the use of the permanent-mold casting process, there is to be an increase
of the annual per capita production of molded cast iron and steel from 25 tons to
100 tons and of malleable cast iron from 12 tons to 110 tons.
Production costs for cast-iron are to be lowered an average of 35 percent in
permanent-mold casting in comparison with the use of sand-mold processes.
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In order to increase rapidly the part played by precision casting in all molded
casting production, the processes for precision casting are particularly to be
developed in accordance with the lost-waxprocess, the pattern processes, the CO2
process, and the extrusion process.
The production of precision casting by the lost-wax process is to increase from 120
tons in 1959 to 1,000 tons in 1965. For this purpose, production in VEB Metallguss-
werk Leipzig and in VEB Industriewerk Ludwigsfelde will be increased, and a new pre-
cision casting installation in Lobenstein (Thuringia) will be constructed, beginning
in 1961, with its capacity to be developed to 400 tons by 1965.
The production of molded cast iron by the pattern process is to increase from
3,880 tons in 1959 to 30,000 tons in 1965.
For this purpose, the pattern-casting installation in VEB Eisenwerk Erla is to be
mechanized by 1960, that in VEB Stahlgiesserei Elstertal, Silbitz (Werk Rasberg),
by 1962, and that in VEB N.hmaschinenwerk Wittenberge by 1965.
To increase the production of shaped cast-steel by the CO2 process from 17,000 tons
in 1959 to 59,000 tons in 1965, VEB Stahlgiesserei Elstertal is to be mechanized,
beginning in 1962 and completed by 1964.
In order to increase the production of molded light metals by the extrusion process
from 5,000 tons in 1959 to 6,700 tons in 1961 and 17,100 tons in 1965. VEB Metallwerk
Harzgerode is to be expanded, beginning in 1962 with a capacity of 3,000 tons and
increasing to 8,500 tons in 1965. The part played by molding without sand in light-
metal casting is to be increased to 70 percent by 1965-
A capacity for,2,000 tons of weldable malleable cast iron is to be created in VEB
Eisenwerk Schonheiderhammer by 1961.
To increase production and improve quality, rejects are to be reduced on avage of
25 percent in comparison with 1959.
A comprehensive program clean-up is to be carried out in order to overcome the dis-
persal of foundry work. Casting programs for the chief customers are to be cen-
tralized in small foundries, e.g., large fittings (Armaturen) in VEB "I. Mai"
Tangerhitte, and small fittings in VEB "E. Weinert" Magdeburg, VEB Industriearmaturen
Leipzig, and VEB Industriearmaturen Rosswein.
In 1960, the programs for fittings, switching gears, stoves, vehicles, and textile
machinesmac~e by casting, polygraphic machines, and enamel casting (Emailleguss) are
to be brought together in a few foundries. In 1961, the programs for machine tools,
pumps, compressors, farm machinery, and gas-tight and pressure-proof casting are
likewise to be brought together in a few foundries.
Production according to specialized programs is to be mechanized as far as possible.
For example, manufacture of electrical switch gears is to be mechanized in VEB
Stahlgiesserei Copitz-Heidenau and VEB Schaltger.tewerk Grimma, and casting for
vehicles is to be mechanized in VEB Metallgusswerk Leipzig and VEB Eisengiesserei
Erla.
VEB Giesserei and Maschinenbau "Ferdinand Kunert" Schmiedeberg is to be developed
to supply the foundry industry more adequately with casting equipment, so that by
1962 all types of casting equipment up to a casting size of 1,000 mm. and of
extrusion machines up to a size of GDH 250 will correspond to the world technical
level. The capacity of VEB Leipziger Eisen-und Stahlwerke is to be expanded by
1962 for the construction of foundry installations and equipment, and new capacity
is to be created in the machine-construction industry.
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To improve the stock of machines, 1,350 new casting machines are to be set up by
1965. To get rid of manual labor in core-making installations, 1,100 core-shooting
machines (Kernschiessmaschinen) are to be put into operation. Two-hundred thirty
new extrusion presses are to be erected in extrusion casting installations in order
to increase capacity and to renovate the stock of machines.
In order to save raw materials and to reduce production costs in machine-construction
enterprises, foundry products are to be given preliminary processing right in the
foundries. Preliminary roughing capacity which now exists is to be expanded, and
new capacity is to be created.
To improve quality control, nondestructive testing of materials is to be used in
the most important foundries. Thus gamma defectoscopy will be introduced into 11
foundries by 1960 and into five more foundries by 1963.
Comprehensive measures are to be taken against the hazard of silicosis. The polishing
process heretofore used is to be replaced wherever possible by wet polishing and use
of sand-free jets.
Production of iron granulite is to begin in VEB Eisenwerk Arnstadt in 1960.
Labor productivity in the foundries of VVB Giessereien is to increase 18.2 percent
by 1961, 32.4 percent by 1963, and 53 percent by 1965.
Production costs are to go down 6.8 percent by 1961, 10.8 percent by 1963, and
16.3 percent by 1965.
Socialist reorganization in the forges must lead to overcoming technical backwardness
and to getting rid of heavy manual labor through the use of new equipment and the
modernization of existing equipment.
Production of drop-forged pieces is to increase 65 percent by 1965 in comparison
with 1958, and production of free-form forged pieces is to increase 24 percent.
The production increase in drop-forging is to be attained through centralization
of production, comprehensive program clean-ups, mechanization of whole production
departments, and erection of assembly lines.
In VEB Press- and Schmiedewerk "Einheit" Branid-Erbisdorf, a capacity of 5,000 tons
for precision-forged pieces is to be created by 1965.
VEB Industriewerk Ludwigsfeld in 1959 is to begin the production of turbine blades
for jet engines and power plants, and all requirements are to be covered by this
enterprise by 1963. In VEB Schwermaschinenbau "Heinrich Rau" Wildau, production is
to begin in 1961 and is to increase to 15,000 tons by 1962 with the construction
of rolling mills to make annular shapes for ball-bearing races of 80- to 400 mm.
diameter.
Assembly-line production with inductive heating is to be taken up by 1962 in VEB
Flanschenwerk and Gesenkschmiede "Auf Friedenswacht" Bebitz, and mechanical
processing is to be automated. The newest discoveries regarding metal heating
with medium-frequency heating devices are to be applied in the production of
turbine blades, ball-bearing races, and precision-forged pieces.
In order to increase the production of free-form forged pieces, a 1,000-ton forge
press is to be set up in VEB Stahl- and Walzwerk Gr3ditz by 1962, a 2,000-ton
forge press in VEB Edelstahlwerk "8. Mai 1945" Freital, and two bridge hammers
(sec - BrUckenh'Ammer) in VEB Press-Lind Schmiedewerke "Einheit" Brand-Erbisdorf.
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A comprehensive reorganization and expansion of thermal retreatment equipment is to
be carried out to improve the quality of forge products and to perfect the technical
processes in the whole forging industry. For this purpose, nine rian-fl.gking
annealing furnaces are to be set up in VEB Stahl-und Walzwerk Gr8ditz by 1963.
The construction of an annealing-furnace installation and a heat-treatment
installation is to begin by 1960 in VEB Edelstahlwerk "8. Mai 19+5" Freital.
The first expansion stage is to be completed in 1963, and final capacity is to
be ready in 1965.
To increase the part played by pre-processed forged items, a workshop for pre-
processing is to be constructed in VEB Stahl- and Walzwerk Gr5ditz.
In order to get rid of heavy manual labor and to increase labor productivity
further by 1961, ingot ejection equipment, manipulators, and modern conveyor
equipment are to be installed in the plants of VEB Schwermaschinenbau "Heinrich
Rau" Wildau, VEB "Ernst Th4linann" Werk Magdeburg, and VEB Press- and Schmiedewerke
"Einheit" Brand-Erbisdorf.
To raise quality and to lower rejects, nondestructive testing of materials by
means of radio-active isotopes is to be used in VEB Stahl- and Walzwerk Gr8ditz
and VEB Waggonbau G8rlitz by 1960 and in VEB Waggonbau Dessau by 1961.
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