1. PRODUCTION PLAN FOR FARM COOPERATIVES 2. SONGBUK FARM COOPERATIVE, KANGWON-DO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A042700080001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 24, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 11, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

1 I--- 1 ~.!. __ 1 11 1 n..iI 1 -1- a '. 7 -ILIA 1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A042700080001-9
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.B.C. Seca. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person 18 prohibited by law.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
NOFORN
North Korea
1. Production Plan for Farm DATE DISTR. June 1958
Cooperatives
2. Songbuk Farm Cooperative, Kangwon-do NO. PAGES 1
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
NOFORN
ni, Ich'on-gun, Kangwon-d.o
deports, one dealing with the preparation and execution of
a production plan for a North Korean farm cooperative, and one describing
the organization and activities of Songbuk Farm Cooperative, at Songbang-
STATE ARMY
ate: Washington distril
NAVY
AIR
LX1
AEC
0
0
{
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A042700080001-9
 i i Nei , -1111111 I I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
I. Det s
a):V.r Ii)
OFORf
Preparation of P ction Plan Farm Coo r tive
1. Personnel Responsible for Preparing Production Plan: In a farm coopera-
tive, the preparation of a production plan is usually the responsibility
of its" bookkeeper, who begins it for the coming year immediately follow-
ing the distribution of products, normally extending from December to
January of the next year. However, this varies with individual cooperatives
depending upon their existin' ctnndi +i nnc _ F-- I
the bookkeeper, less capable of the job., used to
se arge his responsibility with the help of the management committee
chairman and members by collecting necessary data on certain matters given
by the chairman. In fact, the wide scope and intricate nature of a
Production plan makes it impossible to leave the Job solely to the book--
keeper,
2. Approval of Production Plan: When a comprehensive production plan for the
managenent of the entire fain area and farmers during the caning year has
been prepared by the bookkeeper in cooperation with the chairman and
members of the management committee,, it will be sent to the district
people's cormittee, which, in turn, exenlines it before approving to see
that production quotas contained in the plan meet the requirements of its
L00111 NT: Self-Planned Quota & .:utual Competes: These terns in
common use by farm cooperatives are derived frcr, the facts that produc-
tion quotas allocated by the.government tc each province are distributed
to . sub..)rdinate counties, which, in turn, further divide their quota to
each district under their control. The production quota assigned by the
county people's committee is called the "national plan" by the district
people's committee personnel, actually refers,ing the production goal
set forth by the county people's committee for a district people's ccan-
mitteeo On the basis of this production quota, the district people's
committee prepares its own production plan, whose production goal is
usually set further ahead of the national plan, i.e., the production quota
assigned by the county people's committee. By doing this, the district
people's committee commits itself to the mutual production competition
with other districts under the same county people's committee and
engages various farm cooperatives in competition. The production goal
set` forth by the district people's committee is called the "self-planned
quota".) Then, the production plan, upon being approved by the district
people's committee will be sent to the county people's committee, which
examines every detail of the plan for statistical soundness d Is a
in the light of general conditions in the count
When approved by the.county people's
C) FID. 'NTIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
 I >~ _ I N111I III I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
CONFIDENTIAL
corsni ttee, the plan will be discussed at a series of Meeting within the/
faxm cooperative, i.e., joint-meetings of management committees and Party
and social organization leaders and ' general meetings of the cooperative.
Since farm activities during the next year are to be based upon the pro-
duction plan, it goes without saying that the plan should reflect every
opinion of the pertinent Party, Youth League, and Women's League in the
district. Therefore, the production plan will be presented before the
joint meetings and then discussed by the members of the cooperative for
final approval.
3. Methods of Planning: In preparing a production plan, detailed calculations
are made for various items such a 1) the area balance, 2) animal pourer
balance, 3) seed balance, 4) farming tool balance, 5) fertilizer balance,
and 6) crop allocation.
1) Area Balance: This is a terra used by workers of farm cooperatives and
means a correct measurement of actual sown areas. There are times when
the management acerage and sown areas of a farm cooperative differ.
Therefore, it is necessary to make a correct measurement of the actual
sown areas. For instance, a conversion from cultivated land to a
housing site or the clearing of a forest area for farming area may
cause a difference between the actual cultivated area and the acerage
shown in the cadastral records.
2) Animal Power Balance: This is an calculation in which the number of
oxen possessed by the cooperative and the total acerage of the farm
land to be plowed are properly coordinated for optimum use in farming.
3) Seed Balance: This is the method of determining the difference between
the exact amount of seed grains in stock and the required amount for
the next year.
4)
5)
Farming Tool Balance: In this method, the number of farrain tools and
implements possessed by the cooperative and its members are examined
for the caning year.
Fertilizer Balance: This method is used in calculating the total
amount of self-made fertilizers, I.e., compost required for the
next fariLing year, further divided into the amount of fertilizer
remaining from the preceding year and the amount of compost to be
prepared during the coring year.
6) Crop Allocation Plan: The selection of types of crop to be planted
on a certain farm is called the crop allocation plan,, in which the
soil quality of each fam section is considered for the best-suited
cro. Especially in North Korea, the following types of crops are
recommended by the government for plantation:
Cv _,FIDt1,TIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
 1_ _ 9T i 11 11111 11 1 1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
COITID1 TIAL
A) Field rice
B) Barley or wheat
C) Corn
On the basis of the above basic calculations, further detailed plans for
each of the above items are prepared. For instance, in calculating the
animal power balance, an ox is considered to be capable of plowing an
area of about 70 to 90 "ChOngbo" a year and other miscellaneous farm works.
As for the seed grains, the following basic data are used per "Ch~ngbo":
1)
Rice
600 - 700 Kilograms
2)
Barley
700 - 800 Kilograms
3)
Wheat
700 Kilograms
4)
Corn
400 Kilograms
In calculating the amount of fertilizer required, rice paddies and dry
fields are treated differently. For rice paddies, the standard amount
of fertilizer is two (2) tons of compost and nine (9) kilograms of chemical
fertilizer for One (1) "Tanbo" (0.245 acre). In determining the required
amount of fertilizer for dry fields., another factor, i.e., the types of
grain to be planted is also taken into account. For corn fields, each
"Chongbo" is felt to require 1.5 tons of compost and seven (7) kilograms
of chemical fertilizer, while other types of grains require one (1) ton
of compost and seven (7) kilograms of che:ical fertilizer for the same
acreage. On the basis of the required amount of fertilizer thus
calculated, the self-made fertilizer production plan is prepared. At
the same time, the total number of work-hands required for the plan is
determined. With the above details settled, the cooperative begins its
,,reparation of a general one (1)-year production plan as a whole. In
accordance with this plan, detailed production plans for various types
of farm, land are prepared. For instance, the lst Farm has an average
of 1,230 "Plying". First, types of crops to be planted on each section
of it are to be selected. Then, the number of work-hands required for
cultivation should be determined. After this, the production plan for the
farm land will be prepared. (NOTE: Basic figures used in calculating
production amounts for each farm area by type will be covered later
under the "Execution Plan".) Planned production amounts are indicated
in terms of tons per "Ch$ngbo". For instance, the production goal for
rice of the Hasa Farm Cooperative was an 25X1
Ar"T.Anq "07% " bo"
a yearly production plan:
the following figures appeared in
CONFIUEt TIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
 _ ~. _ loin Ill 111 I I Jill 111 1 1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
i OFOR
CO11FI DENTIAL
Total Amount
172 Tons
Total Acerage
65 Ch'ngbo
Total Amount of Required Work-Hands
27,000 Hands
Number of Lenbers
120
?iembor Households
58
A production plan prepared in the above manners is carried in accordance
with its execution plan to be covered in the following section of this
report.
Rate: 3
4. The main objective of an execution plan is to achieve or surpass the
planned production amount. Therefore, it is a plan supporting the
production plan, in which the total available power of farming produc-
tivity is deliberately scheduled for the optimum use. In preparing
the plan, basic figures obtained from experiences are used for each
type of farm work. For instance,, the amount of compost to be hauled
by a farmer with an "A"-frame for a day is designated to be 15 hauls
weighing 300 kilograms. In this case, an ox can haul two (2) tons of
compost a day. As such, the above figures are used in calculating the
nmrber of hands and animals to be employed for the hauling of compost.
An execution plan may be divided into sowing, plantation, and fertili-
zation.
1) Sowing: This is a broad tea in general use by farm cooperatives,
encompassing various farming activities involved in plowing and
sowing. Therefore, the sowing activities may be broken down into
the following:
A) Soil Relocation:
no experience]
T3) Plowin : The first thing to be considered in preparing a plan
for plowing, is t1e coordination of animal power, in which the
total number of oxen available to the cooperative, the acerage
of farm land to be plowed, and the number of days required for
the job when an ox is capable of plowing 800 "Plying" a day,
are calculated. After determining the total number of oxen
required for plowing, a plowing schedule will be prepared,
assigning each work tear. dates and the number of head for using
00NFIDENTIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
 _ 1{ JL~_I J L I UIll I III
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
rfOFORff
00111FIIE NTIAL
411' I I
animal power. The standard acerage for an ox to plow a day is
800 P I yf ng of rice paddy and 1,000 I' ! y$ng of dry field with the
help of two (2) work hands. From these figures, the Hasa Farm
Cooperative once made the following schedule for plowing:
Type of Farm Acerage Days Required
Rice Paddies 51,600
Dry Fields 1000
Total 195,600
Work Hands
Recuired
65 130
!: L. 288
209 4;16
P n) for Ox Work
As seen above, an ox would take 209 days to plow the entire farm
land with the help of two (2) work hands. The eight (8) oxen
available to the cooperative will do the same job within a period
of 26 days. In this manner, each work team will be designated for
the dates and period of using oxen and the number of oxen to be
used. So detailed is an execution plan that it is usually carried
out as prescribed.
C) Fertilization: In a strict sense, this means fertilizing activi-
ties between plowing and sowing. Fertilization work may be divided
into two (2) parts, i.e., the hauling of compost and the spreading
of compost and fertilizer. The compost hauling may be done by
animal powers or of man power. The followin basic figures are
used in preparing a schedule for the haulage; an ox is regarded
to make 16 trips a day to haul two (2) tons of compost while a
work hand requires 15 trips to haul 300 kilograms. By using
these figures, the cooperative assigns the required number of
oxen to each work team. Besides that, each work tear: is required
to prepare another schedule to haul any amount of compost remain-
ing after the use of oxen.
Seeding: This is the actual sprinkling of seeds, consisting of
the following four (4) parts:
a) Furrowing
b) Seeding
c) Spreading oefco mpost or fertilizer
d) Covering.
The entire job of seeding is usually done by a group of four (4)
hands, each performing one of the above parts. It is prescribed
such a group to do the same work over an area of 300 Plying for
a day.
? ?~c~6~ic
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
JOORiN
2) Plantation: In planning for the plantation of rice, the following
basic figures are used:
A) Shovelling by a team of three (3) hands for a day
304 P' Y ng
B) Plowing by a team of one (1) ox and one (1) hand 800 "
C) Grading by a hand 1,000
D) Plantation by one (1) hand on dry field 80
E) Plantation by one (1) hand on rice paddy 120
3)
Fertilization: The fertilization work consists of two (2) rain parts;
of fertilizer and weeding. However, the latter
the actual spreading
is chiefly handled in an execution plan. Basic figures for weeding
vary with the types of crops planted.
A) Corn: For corn, weeding is done four
following manner:
let weeding 15 days after sprouting
2nd weeding in mid-Lay
3rd weeding in mid--June
4th weeding; in late June
B) Wheat & Barley:
(4)
times a year in the
400 Plying per day per hand
300 P' yi~ng par day per hand
250 P'yj6ng per day per hand
400 P'y~ng per day per hand
400 P' 1#ng per day per hand
400 F'yidng per day per hand
let weeding in early '_ay 400 Plying per day per hand
2nd weeding around 20 1-lay 300 Plying pax day per hand
3rd weeding around 10 June 300 P'yOng per day per hand
4th weeding in late June 300 P' y~ng per day per hand
1st weeding in early April
2nd weeding in late April
C) 1-'fillets:
D) Cotton:
1st weeding around 20 hay 400 Plying per day per hand
2nd weeding in late hay or early June 300 Plying per day per hand
3rd weeding in mid-June 300 P' yit~ng per day per hand
lath weeding in mid-July 300 F'; ng per day per hand
The above basic figures represent some of those used in preparing an
jill,111111MM in NO
a prepared not oa4 tive
aoav~attcn Ply
as a Mhct? but alas Apr .**.,t umdW its oontni.
Poo &"* o f the $ ia'? - $t tnm cat od in P690606W O1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/05/24: CIA-RDP80T00246AO42700080001-9 25X1
I YIIII I I
I . Details
Smngbuk Farm Coanerative -.
1. Location & 0r ganitiation: The Sin.gbuu3c Fanii Cooperative, with its some 150
regular rnanbers and 50 related laborors livinf in the village of Pon-dong
and Y$nhyOn-ni, S$ngbung-ni, is 1 oeated in S$r,g1x n ni (CT 1465), Ich' ~ a-guns
Kangwon-do. The related laborers consisted of old persons and tti en
with infan`;s, both working for the coop-orativc periodically.
2. Frrland: The total acfitLge under the rranagenient of the cooperative was
unknown I:ovmvor, thy: ratio of rice pad(yr to dry field was 25X1
accounted ?) be about 50 percent.
3.
Side-Lines: During the period of i-r.-.nter, such collateral works as
twisting st,'aw rope, weaving straw bags, and t? .flowing were pursued by
them eribers of the cooperative. The labor credit sy-steaff, for side lines
was effecte i in this way: one (1) credit for each role of thick straw
rope. yreighi:_g eight (8) kilofrars; one (1) credit for every 400 thin
straw rope; and two (2) credits to a team. of two (2) members for every
five (5) straw bags. Nontheless, it was unknown how the systan was
carried out For the willow ng work= t_those nature was suitable for w aen
and childrei alone.
Labor Credit Marks Earned:
By the standards of the cooperative., average wnr! rs achieved
a total of 1.80 credits each during a, year.
.,inLoare.: In 1956,Oreceived live (5) gre n loans from the
cooperati%-. The alrrount of grain, loan for a period of one (1) month
per member was eight (C) kilogrars consisting of rice and other gx'