BULGARIAN MILITARY MANUAL: SNIPER TRAINING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 178
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 22, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 15, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
PKVt, t=) : 11-4 %~3 '- .Jr I - --
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
16, U.S.C. Secs. 79.1 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorised per0on Is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
REFERENCES ArXACHMENT(S) ,-TOT.
-
MICROPUAMD 25X1
publication of the Bulgarian
Ministry of National Defense undoubtedly is based on a similar Soviet
manual;
Sniper Training, published in 1956.
STATE ]( ARMY AVY X AIR
I ~[ FBI
(Nel: Washington distri ution indicated by "X"; Field d'ahibution by "#".)
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
USSR/Bulgaria
Bulgarian Military Manual: Sniper DATE DISTR.
1-5 may 1957
5 Y
Training
NO. PAGES
1
REQUIREMENT
AEC
LA
0
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
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MI4HHCTEPCTBO HA HAPO,ILHATA OTBPAHA
noAroTOBxa
HA CHAHIIEPI4CTA
1956
A 1P)KABHO BOEHHO H3.gATEJICTBO IIPH MHO
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YBO
IIpe3 BpeMe Ha BenxxaTa oTeneCTBeHa Bol'3Ha CTbBeTCKHTC cHaKr
nepHCTH 3acnyHKHXa roJI5lMaTa nrO6oB Ha cLBeTCHHSI HapoJ.
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3aTenxo eAHH x'bM Jjpyr no Ij$UIaTa nnocxoCT; aKO He npHJlSiraT,
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2) 6oHjjHCBaT ce McTaJIHHTe uaCTH 3a npejjna3Bane OT OKHCnH-
BaHe;
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.3) IIOKPHBaT ce c oKHCH - upe3 o6pa6oTKa B KHcenHxH H upe3
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ABHH(eIAH ce IjeJIH (caMoileTH, aBTOM06HJIH, MOToixHKJIeTH);
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c 6poxe6oeH xypIHyM - 3a cTpen6a HO )xHBa CHna, 3axpHTa
c 6poHsi.(IIO 6poxeManiHHH, Taxxone, caMoneTH), H no orxeBH ToLI4H;
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Him Aaxce npe3 HOIIjTa Ha JIYHHa CBeTJIHHa) ga ce npoH3BeAe TOtJHO
npHMepBaHe, a CJIeAOBaTeJIHO H BepeH H3cTpen.
3a ga HmaMe npaBHnna npeACTana AOKOJIKO TOtiHO ?npHMepBaHe
ce H3HCHBa npH cTpen6a c nyilIKa, IAe npxneJ.(eM HSIKOH npHMepH.
IIpH cTpen6a Ha 100 At B nepeH xpbr C AHaMeTVp 10 cm brno-
BaTa rpeuixa He TpH6Ba ga HaAMHHana 1 xMJISIAHa; npH cTpen6a
Ha 300 A B Kpbr c AHameTbp 20 cm (rnana) - He noneue OT 21s
xnnsgAHH; npH CTpen6a Ha 400 M no rpi,AHa Hen (50 x 50 cm) - He
nonetie OT 214 xxnsiAHH.
OT TOBa mo3Ke ga ce HanpaBH H3BOA, tie zoLixaTa cTpen6a e
H3KyCTBO, H3HCKBaUXO He CaMO roJIAMa H3Ap'b)KnHBOCT H CHOKOI3-
CTBHe, HO H Ao6po 3peHHe.
Ti ii KaTO C HeBT opT,H(eHO OKO B-bo6nje He MoraT ga ce pa3JIH..
iiaBaT brJIMTe, no-ManKH. c 5112 OT XHJIRAHaTa (no-ManKo OT 1.M11-
Sanitized Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
xyTa), cTasa SICHO Konxo e roJISIMO 3HaLlexxeTO Ha OnTH IeCxHSI Mep-
HHK 3a TOTJHOCTTa Ha npHMepBaHeTO.
Mo ce OTHaC5I AO CTpaHHLIHHTe OTKJIOHeHHSI, KOHTO ca pe3yn-
TaT OT CBan5IHeTO Ha OpT,}KHeTO, npH CTpen6a C onTHTiecKH MepHHK
Te ce cpeigaT KaTO H3KJIIOxieHHe.
H TaKa C IIOMOJATa Ha OrITHTieCKHSI npH60p ce nOCTHra cueAHOTO:
1. OCHrypHBa ce ronsuvla TOTIHOCT Ha cTpen6aTa BcneJCTBHe
TIOBHUIaBaHeTO TouxoCTTTa Ha npHMepBaxe, xoe'O oco6eHo ce 3a6e-
JI3I3Ba npH CpeAHH H roneMH pa3CTOHHI33I.
2. O6hexuaBa ce npHMepBaxeTO, npH KoeTO TOTIHOCTTa He 3a-
BHCH OT CBeTJIHHaTa H ApyrHTe yCJIOBHSI.
3. CTpeneuBT HMa BT,3MO)KHOCT Aa BHAH no-Ao6pe i enTa H Aa
-Ha6JuoAaBa pe3ynzaTHTe OT cTpen6aTa.
4. IIpHMepBaxeTO cTaBa IIo-6bp3o.
Cera riiaBHo ce npxnara orITHxi CHHSIT MepHHK, KOI1TO npnnHTia
Ha 06HKHOBeHa 3pHTeJIHa Tp b6a, B KOSITO CBeTJIHHHHTe nBTgH ce
npeTiynBaT C H3IT,KHaMH H BAJI b6HaTH nen;H. KT,M TO3H TIM HpH-
6OpH ce OTHaCSI MepHHKT,T HY, npHeT \Ha BLop-b)CeHHe B BHA.
JIeu;H
HaI3-Ba)RHa *iaCT Ha orITHUecKHH MepHHK ca neIIjHTe.
Jleuua ce HapHTia ulnalkcpaxo CTT,KJIO, orpaHHTiexo C ABe Ccpe-
PHTiHH nOBT,pXHOCTH. JIeuUHTe ca HaHpaBeHH OT XPOHOBO CTT,KJIO,
cBgBp Kauuo ManKO KOnHTieCTBO OJIOBO, HnH OT (i)JIHHTOBO CTT,KJIO,
KOeTO c'br-bpia noBeTie OJIOBO.
6 6
Puc. 1. Pa3nHTnm o6pa3r a Cmi iienn nergH:
A - ABOirHO n3nbxxana; E - nnocxo-n3rraxnana; B - BA>6naTO-
Harmxxaaa; r - ABoiwo BAnm6HaTa; ,II - nnocxo-B9na6HaTa; E-n3-
n7.xxano-BAn'a6HaTa
C pa3JHTiHH CT,TieTaHHSI Ha C()epHT1HH H nnOCKH noBT,pXHOCTII
ce nonygaBaT IIIeCT pa3JIHXIHH neIAH (pHC. 1). BAn'b6HaTO-H3n7,K-
HaJIaTa neu;a ce HapHTia c%6HpaTenHa neu;a, H3rrbKHano-BAJIb6Ha-
TaTa neu a - pa3ceIkBauja neuga.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpH neujH, orpaHHTaeHH c ABe c(DepHLIHH fOBLpxHOCTH (pHc. 2),
IjeHTpOBeTe Ha Te3H nOBbpXHOCTH Ce Hapw.iaT Ij e H T P O B e H a
JI Tb K a T y to e H e T 0. npaBaTa, MHHaBaija npe3 Te3H JjBa IjeH-
T'bpa, ce HapHLIa r3IaBHa HJIH 0 11 THtiecKa o c (00' Ha
pHc. 2,a).
Puc. 2. IIpeT;yllaaHe Ha cBeTJIHHHHTe nUTdH B c'b6HpaTenHa
(ABOYIHO H3nbHHana) neuxa H rnaBHHH tpoxyc Ha neu. aTa
B nJIOCXO-BZ Jm6HaTHTe HJIH IIJIOCKO-H3rI'bKHaJIHTe JIeMH rJIaBHa
oc ce HapHUa nepneHAHKyJIHp'bT, CnycxaT OT IjeHT-bpa Ha ccpepHiI-
HaTa fOB'bpXHOCT K'bM HJIOcHaTa CTpaHa.
rsIaBHO cegeHHe Ha JlenjaTa ce HapHLIa BCSIKO ce-leHHe, Haripa-
BeHO HO nJIOCKOCTTa, MHHaBanja npe3 r.naBHaTa oc.
TOI(yCH Ha JIeMHTe. (DOxyCH Ha JIeIIjHTC ce HapHTlaT TOTIxHTe
Ha ci,6HpaHeTO (npecHLlaHe) Ha npegyneHHTe JIBUH H TeXHHTe npO-
A~WI)KeHHSi .
r Ji a B e H () O K y C. AKO CHOn-bT CBeTJIHHHH JIbXIH, 3aKJIK)-
ileH mexcgy ABaTa JrbT3a /(B H MH, rlaAa B'Lpxy neujaTa ycrlopeAHO Ha
oITHT-lecxaTa I3 oc (KoeTO mo)Ke jja 6i e camo npH HaJIHTrHeTO Ha
cBeTJIHHa Ha 6e3xpaI3Ho roJISIMO pa3cTo5IHHe), xaKTO noxa3Ba
OHHTT,T, BCHTIHH JITbLIH CJIeA npeLIyuBaneTO cH ce CbeAHHSIBaT B
eAHa H c-buja TOTIKa CP (pHc. 2,6). Ta3H TOLIKa uje 6-bAe rJIaBeH 4)0-
KyC, a pa3CToaHHeTO Oq(P - rJIaBHO (jJOKyCHO pa3CTOAHHe. K
o6paTHO, aKo CBeTelljaTa TOT3Ka ce HaMHpa B rJIaBHHH (JOKyC t,
pa3npbCKBaIIjH3IT ce CHOH JI'bLIH (PBH, KOI3T0 TH H3npauja BTipXy
nenjaTa, uje H3JIe3e OT He5l n0 nocoxa, ycnopeAHa Ha onTHUecxaTa
(rJlaBHaTa) oc.
BTop H rJIaBeH cpoKyc. AKOycnopeAHHTen1uHB-bp-
BHxa B o6paTHO HanpaBneHHe H naAHexa B'bpxy ASIcnaTa cTpana Ha
JlenjaTa, Te 6HXa ce cpenjxaJIH B Apyr (boxyc, pa3nOJIOHCeH HaJISIBO;
T03H c1 oKyc ce HaMHpa Ha C-bIgOTO pa3CTOSIHHe OT TOmKa 0q, KaKTO
H TO Ka (P (pnc.- 3).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
B-bpxy OnTHLIecxaTa oc; Ta3H TOTiKa ce pa3JIx*-IaBa C ToBa,.'ie BCIILIKA
JrbxIH, MHHaBaJI H npe3 HeSI, He ce OTKJIOH$IBaT TrJIOBO; Te H3JIH3aT,'
H3fHTBaI3KH nOBetie HJIH no-MaJIKo CTpaHHLIHO npeMeCTBaHe, yCHO-
pegHO Ha HanpaBJIeHHeTO Ha nagaIUHTe JI'r ii (cpaBHH JI?bgHTe
CK H K'P).
TOBa npaBHJio ce oTHacsI riiaBHO 3a j[e6eJIHTe JIemH, HO T?bi3
xaTO npaKTHUecKH Ae6eJIHHaTa Ha' Jlen{HTe o6HKHOBeHO Mo3Ke Aa ce
Puc. 4. IIpeMHHaBaaeT~o Ha nvia npe3 onTHeecRHg
ueHT?bp Ha aeulaTa
npexe6perne, Ka3aH6TO MO>Ke ZIa ce 4)OpMyJlxpa Taxa; CBeTJIIHHHSIT
JI?bX1, Hagan; B HanpasneHHeTO Ha OHTH'IecKHSi UeHT?bp Ha iiengaTa,
MHHaBa npe3 Hero H H3JIn3aI3K4 OT JIennaTa, He H3MeHH CBOeTO nTip-
BoHauaJIHO HanpaBJleHne (pxc. 4,6).
IIOCTpoBBane Ha Ii3o6paxceIIHeao B Jleugaaa (cs6xpa-
Te]IRa). T a ;npeAHo5IO>kHM, me npegMeT7,T (pHc. 5) ce HaMHpa oT
a)JIeucmaumenno uso5parceHUe
62Bno6paarcae io u3o6pa>ceHue
Puc. 5. IlocTpo5BaHe Ha H3o6pasxeHHHTa B c'b6HpaTe IHa neu;a
Jlen[aTa no-Aaiieue, OTKOJIKOTO gBOI3HOTO `(pOKycHO pa3CTOSIHHe ? H
no OTHOIIIeHHe Ha onTHLIecxaTa OC 3aeMa OTBeCHO noJIoweHHe; He-
roBOTO H3o6pa>KeHHe C'bIgO Tai-ca we 6I4 e oTBecxo no OTHOIIIeHHe
Ha OHTHUecxaTa oC.
B' b3 OCHOBa Ha npasnnaTa, H3JIO)KeHH no-rope, we noCTponM H30-
6pa>KeHxeTO Ha Toiixa A (pHc. 5,a). JI?bWl,T AOq cirej MHHaBanero,,
npe3 onTHLIecKHSI I;eHTrDp Ha JlewaTa Oy (6e3 Aa H3MeHH CBOeTo
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
'IarlpasneHHe) H HpecHUaxeTO my c nmua as use gage B Touxa a
&f3o6paweHHeTo Ha Touxa A. IIo c1,HlH5 Ha4HH me ce HamepH H30-
+6pa)KeHHeTO Ha Touxa E, xOHTO we 6Bge pa3HOnOwexa cIMeTpHLIHO
no OTHOHIeaxe Ha Touxa a, T. e. B TOLixa 6. IIo TaxTbB HauHH a6
u(e 6'bAe H3o6paxceHHe Ha npeAmeTa AT. ToBa H3o6paxceHHe (B
Aa)eHHSI cnyuaH) we 6-bRe geriCTBHTeJIHO, HaManexo, o6paTHo
(o6lbpuaTO); we 6,bge pa3rlono)Hexo Me)H y 4)0K CHOTO H ABOxHOTO
44)OKyCHo pa3CTO5iHHe Ha newaTa. 3a Aa rO BHAHM, Tp516Ba Aa ro
npoeHTHpame Ha 6xn expaH HnH Aa HoMeCTHM OKOTO no npOAbnx(e-
rasa OKOTO we BHAH H3o6paxce-
HHeTO B HpOCTpaHCTBOTO.
CnopeA OTAaneTiaBaHeTO Ha HpeA-
McTa, T. e. npH6nHlxaBaHeTO My K'bM
6e3KpaI4HOCTTa, HeFOBOTO H3o6pa-
)KeHHe we ce nonyglaBa Bce no-
6n143K0 H 11O-6nH3K0 KT~M rnaBHHH
(bo yc H KoraTO npeAMeT'bT ce OKa-
)Ke B 6e3Kpar3HOCTTa, H306paxce-
HHeTO we ce nOnyLIH TOLIHO B rnaB-
HHSI (1)O1-(YC Ha newaTa.
.TKO npeAMeT-bT ce HaMHpa Ha ABOAHO (~OKyCHO pa3CTOHHHe OT
newaTa, HerOBHnT o6pa3 we ce nOnyLIH Ha C'bIIwOTO pa3CTOSIHHe
(rn. pHC. 3,8) OT ApyraTa CTpaxa Ha newaTa. To3H o6pa3 we 6-bAe
J.jeI3cTBHTeneH, o6paTeH H paBeH no pa3MepH Ha HpeWeTa.
KaTO nOMeCTHM npeAMeTa Ha pa3CTOlHHe, no-ManKo OT ABOI3-
HOTO 4)OKYCHO pa3CTOnHHe Ha newaTa, HO nO-rOnSIMO OT (:)OKyCHOTO
pa3CTOAHHe, we HOnyLIHM HerOBHSi AeHCTBHTeneH, o6paTeH H yBe-
nHLIeH o6pa3 OT ApyraTa CTpaHa Ha neuwaTa, 3aA gBOI4HOTO 4)O1-(yCHO
pa3CTOlHHe.
HaKpaR, aKo nOCTaBHM HpeAMeTa AE Me>H y (oKyca H neuwaTa,
o6pa3I T My we ce nOnyLIH OT c-bwaTa CTpaHa Ha newaTa, KTbgeTO e
npeAMeT'bT, n'b)KnHB H yBenHLIeH (pHc. 5,6). TTAI KaTO B AaAeHHSI
CnyLIaK BCHLIIH nWIH, KOHTO 143n143aT OT newaTa, we 6-bAaT pa3-
npTbCKBawH ce H HpOA'bn)xeHHeTO (no nSIBaTa CTpaxa, Ha nen[aTa)
Ha npeLlyneHHTe nMLIH we gage npecHLlaxeTO HM B Touxa a, OIOTO
use BHAH o6pa3a Ha Touxa A jrb)KnI4B B TOLIKa a.
IIpH H3non3yBaHe Ha pa3cef3Bawa nellta (ABOAHO BAn'b6HaTa,
nnocxo-BAn,b6HaTa) o6pa3-bT. we 6-bAe n-b>KJII4B H upaB.
XpoMaTi-iecxa a6epaI Hn. KoraTO HaupHMep 6xrlaTa o6HKHO-
BeHa CJMHLIeBa CBeTnHHa HpoHHKHe OT eAHa cpeAa B Apyra, npM
'TOBa T51 He camo ce oTKJOHSIBa (npeLIynBa), no ce pa3nara Ha HSI-
KOJIKO I;BSITa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
Axo cxon cJVMPleBa cBeTJHHa ce Haco!TH Bbpxy cb6HpaTenna
Jleuwa yCHOpeAHO Ha rnaBHaTa K oc, gepBeHHTe JI-bTIH, KOHTO 110-
ManKo ce TlpeliyfBaT, o6pa3yBaT CBOI3 rnaBeH (DOKyC B TO=IKa $1
(pHc. 6), BHOneTOBHTe JrbtlH (c no-roJISIMo npeLlyrBane) ce cbeAH-
HSIBaT B TO'IKa 02, HaMHpau;a ce no-6JIH3KO go neulaTa, OTKOJI-
HOTO c1. Me)KAy Te3H ABe KpaIiHH TOLIKH nge ne)KaT 4)OxyCHTe Ha
opaH)KeBHTe, 3eneHHTe, CBeTnoCHHHTe H CHHHTe jiwm. HO TaKSB
HaLIHH BCneACTBHe Ha npeuyHBaHeTO n[e ce nonyLlH TaKa Hapeue-
HaTa xpoMaTHiiecxa a6epaiHx. Tx e TOn (OB no-ronsima, KOJIKOTO
neJAaTa e no-rOJISIMa H naAa4HTe JI7,uH ca n0-OTAaneueHH OT oCTa.
BcneAcTBHe Ha a6epaLHaTa 143o6pa)KeHHeTO Ha npeAmeTa H3riiexKeHHe ManKO VBeJIHtJeHOTO H3o6pa}KeHHe
a161 ce nonyuaBa B-bB q)oxyca Ha oxynxpa 02 (TOUno Me)-CAy 4lo-
xyca (P2 Ha oxynxpa Ox H nenxaTa Ha oxynxpa). ToBa H3o6pa>Kenne
(a161) ce BH>Kga Haxpax npe3 rnaBHaTa nell[a (oxynxpa) OK Him
nynaTa, T. e. H3o6pa>KeHHeTO Ha npeumeTa A1T1 ce nonyuaBa He-
gellcTBHTennO, npaBo, yBenHUeHO.
Puc. 7. HbTSIT Ha CBeTJIHHHHTe JrbmH Hpe3 OHTHLICCKHH MepHHK
(c JICMH)
BCSIKO 3anIoH5Baxe, Raxce HaI3-He3HagHTennoTO xnaTeue HnH
I33meneHHe Ha nono>KenneTO Ha o6p'bngaTenxaTa CHCTeMa Oc , BOAH
AO H3MexeHHe nono>KeHHeTO Ha H3o6pa>KeHHeTO, nonytleHO B'bB
4 oKyca (P2. To Betle ce oxa3Ba He B n'bpBOHauaJIHOTO HOJIO>KeHHe
nO oTHOlueHHe MexaHHUecKH 3J>;paBO 3axpeneHHTe MepHH HHIIIKH
(B-bB (P2) H 3aToBa ce nonytlaBa H3BecTHO H3MexeHHe Ha MepnaTa
JIHHHx. B pe3ynTaT Ha TOBa He ce npenopbuBa Aa ce H3non3yBa
OHTHUeCKHHT MepHHK, MepHHTe HHHIKH Ha KOIITO ce HaMHpaT B7LB
4)OKyc 02.
MepHHK, CHa6JjeH C npoCTH nelim HJIH IFbH OCo6eHO c npOCT
o6eKTHB 06, uge gaBa T137bpAe Hej>;OCTaT7,gHa HCHOTa H px3KOCT Ha
H3o6paxceHHeTO. 3a Aa Ce H36erHe pa3ceIiBaHeTO Ha n-buHTe c
npOCTaTa Z[BOIIHO H3n7,KHana (c7,6HpaTenna) newa, nocne)jHaTa ce
H3rOTB5I OT XpOMOBO CT'bI(JIO H ce CbejjHH5Ba C BgJrL6HaTO-H3IrbK-
Hana neiua, HanpaBena OT ( JIHHTOBO CTbKJIO. CbC CLOTBeTHHH
nOz[6op Ha paRHyCHTe Ha KpHBHHaTa Ha ABeTe neural (OT XpOMOBO H
(rnHHTOBO CT7,KJIO) ce CTpCMHM Aa HaMaJIHM H3onauaBaHeTO Ha H30-
6pa>KeHHeTO, KoeTO go ronHMa CTeueH e upHCbuUO Ha 06H1KHOBeHHTe
neuUH H KOeTO MHOrO npeuH Ha KatJeCTBOTO Ha 143o6paxceHHeTO.
3aTOBa B MepHHK IIY H B Haii-Z[o6pHTe C bBpeMeHHH OHTHgeCKH
MepHHI[H ce HOCTaBSIT axpoMaTHtlecKH ne1I H B o6p-bu1aTenxaTa
CHCTeMa Ha oxynxpa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
YBenHUaBaHe'(npH6nHxc.aBaHe)
Cera B noBegeTO. apMHH 3a nyuIKH cBc Cne11HaJIHO npegHa3Ha-
meHHe e npxeT onTH*iecx1RT mepHHI c 3 go 5 IIBTH yBeJIHT3eHne.
ToBa yBenrxIeHHe nojnoMara Ha6nlozjeH1 eTO H npHMepBaneTO Oco-
6eHO B 3Rpaq H Ho1IjeM npH nyna.
He cc npenopBUSa yBenH*-ieHneTO npH OLITHlleCKHTe MepHHI1H
ga 6BAe noBegIe OT 10 nBTH. AKO Ha' 6JIH31H pa3CTo5IHHSI npH rOnRMO
yBenHggeHHe Bce one e BTL3MO)xHO ga cc H36erxe HeHCHOTaTa Ha
IB3o6pa}KeHHeTO H ga cc napanH3npa BB3HHKBanjHRT napanaxc
(rn. no-Bony), KaTO cc npeMeCTHT MepHHTe HHI1KH Ha CBOTBeTHO
MRCTO oKOJIO (f)OKanHaTa nMOCKOCT Ha o6eKTHBa, npH ronemH pa3-
CTO5IHH$1 e HeBB3MO>KHO ga cc yHHII;O>KH napanaRCBT. H Taxa, He
TpR6Ba ga cc n3nOn3yBa OnTHLIeCKH MepHHK c ronHMo yBenn,IeHHe
(rloBegge OT 10 nBTH) oco6exo npH cpeAHH H roJlemH pa3CTOxHHSI.
3a npalTHLlecxo onpepeJBIHe CTeneHTa Ha yBenHileHHeTO Ha
TenecxonHUecxHSI MepHHK Mo>Ke ga cc H31Ion3yBa gageHH14T no-
Aony HagIHH, 1OI3T0 He H3HCKBa HHKaKBH H3LIHCneHH3i.
H 3 X 0 51111 H BX0ARIIj 0T13 0 p
AKO JABp>HHM TpB6aTa Ha TenecRona cpeii y CBeTnHHaTa (ZjHeBHa
IIRH H3KyCTBeHa) Ha 20-30 CM OT OKOTO H rnegaMe HO HanpaBneHHe
Ha OCTa Ha OKynRpa, Ha OHOBa MHCTO, KBZjeTO npH 06HKHOBeHO
Ha6nlogeHHe B TenecKona TpR6Ba ga cc HaMHpa OKOTO, neCHO MO}xe
ga Cc 3a6ene)KH ManBK CBeTBn KpBr HJIH nO-TOXIHO, ManKo CBeTJIO
neTBHLje, B KOeTO ca H3o6pa3eHH MepHHTe HHIHKH. T03H KpBr B
OHTHKaTa cc HapH*aa H 3 X 0 J>; R ILj 0 T B 0 p. Ta3H BeJIHLIHHa
(jjHaMeTBpBT) n03BOJIgBa. ga cc onpegenH 9o6pe yBenHt4eHHeTO,
TBI3 ?KaTO H3XOg3qLLjH51T OTBOP He e HHI O Rpyro OCBeH Hamanexo'
14306pa>KeHHe Ha CBo60gHHR (none3HHR) OTBOp Ha o6eKTHBa - Taxa
BapexieHHn B JjRLLj OTBOp.
BenHLIHHaTa Ha H3XO, gJgHR OTBOp (ZjHaMeTBpa My) 3aBHCH OT
BeJIHXIHHaTa Ha BXOARLIwHR OTBOP H OT Koe(pHLjHeHTa Ha yBenHLIe-
HHeTO Ha TpB6aTa H nona3Ba KOJIKO fBTH xoe4)4I;HeHTBT Ha yBe-
.11w-IeHHeTO Ha TpB6aTa cc ci p)Ka BBB BenHLIHHaTa Ha BXOJZRILW1I
OTBOp. (Onpe)IeneHHeTO Ha BeJIHLIHHaTa Ha H3XOZjRII1H31 OTBOp HMa
rOn5MO 3Ha11eHHe CBIIjo H npH OnpeJjenRHe CBeTJIOCHnaTa Ha OHTH-.
riecxHR MepHHK).
Ho TaKBB HagIHH, 3a ga Ce onpegenH yBeJIHLIeHHeTO Ha Tpb6aTa
C noMonjTa Ha H3XOJj5H4H3I OTBOp, Tp5i6Ba CaMO ga cc H3Mep5T H3-
X09RnWHRT H BX0J }LIWHRT OTBOP (ZjHaMemp Ha o6eKTHBa) H BenH-
xmHaTa, nonyiieHa 3a BXO,Ij5LIWH31 OTBOp, ga Ce pa3JjeJIH Ha BeJI14 H-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
naTa Ha H3XOAHn;HH OTBOp. TOBa HMeHHO nOKa3Ba AenHMOCTTa Ha
npH6opa.
HaI3-npocTOTO npHCnoc06nexne, KoeTO necno MOH( Aa ce Ha-
npaBH 3a onpegenHHe BenHLIHHaTa Ha H3XO9HnIHH OTBOp, e noxa3aHo
Ha pHC. 8. Bhpxy MaJlbK A'bpBeH CTaTHB A ce rlocTaBH Tenecxon E,
Ha KOI3TO TpH6Ba Aa ce onpegenH yBenwienneTO, B - expaH or
Ae6ena xapTHH HJIH MaTOBO CT-bxnO, x0I3TO ce npeABHWBa C lOMOI1 Ta
Ha HOCT BKa T. Axo Haco4HM o6eKTHBa 06 Ha Tp16aTa cpeHgy cBe-
TnHHaTa Him cpemy namnaTa, npH norne}KAane Ha expaxa we
oTxpHeM CBeTJI xpbr. Ka'O OTAaneuaBaMe Him npn6nHSKaBaMe
U3x08AUt Omeop
Puc. 8. IIpncnoco6neane 3a onpeleinnie BenngmHaxa Ha
H3XO93II9ug OTBOp:
A - A?bPBeH cTaTHB; E - Tenecxon; B - expaH; T - nocxanKa;
06 - o6exTHs
expaHa no OTHOIIIeHHe Ha oxyJIHpa B HanpaBJleHHe Ha. OCTa Ha Te-
necxona, MOxce Aa HaMepHM TaKOBa non0>xeHf3e, I3pI3 KOeTO CBe-
TJIHHT xp'br Bbpxy expaxa we IIOJIy1IH pe3}H olqepTaHHH. ToBa
no.uoweHHe e TaKa xapaKTepHO, tic rpeiuxa He Mo}xe Aa cTaxe.
KoraTo eKpaH bT ce HaMHpa Ha MHOPO 6JIH3xo pa3CTOHHHe OT OKy-
nHpa HJIH MHOr0 Aaiiegge, xp'brbT ce nOJIyLIaBa c He5ICHH OLIepTaHHH
H C MaJIKO no-roileMH pa3MepH, OTKOJIKOTO KoraTO Ce HaMHpa Ha
AeI3CTBHTeJIHOTO CH MHCTO Ha H3XOAHMHH ? OTBOp.
HaH-Ao6pe e H3MepBaHeTO Ha AHaMeTTmpa Ha H3XOAHIAHH OTBOp
Aa CTaBa c ypeA 3a H3MepBaHe, HOATO Ce npHKpenBa KvM MaIAa6-
HaTa nHHHI3Ka. AO H3BeCTHa CTeneH n0-yA06HO e Aa ce H3B bPIIIBa
H3MepBaHe, KoraTO Ha CaMHH eKpaH Ca HaHeCeHH geneHHRTa Ha
Maiga6a B MHJIHMeTPH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
C nomo Ta Ha TOBa npHcnoco6neHHe Mo}xe eIWHOBpeMeHHO C
onpegenSIHeTO Ha H3XOjj51II;HH OTBOp jja ce OnpejjenH H TO*IHOTO
pa3CT05IHHe A0 0 K 0 T 0 (rn. no-HaTaT K).
3pHTenHo non e
3pHTenHo none ce HapHLIa yxiaCT'bK OT McCTHOCTTa, IOI1T0
owe jja ce BHjjH npe3 OnTHLIecKHSI npH6op. - BenHLIHHaTa Ha 3pH-
TenHOTO none ce H3pa35IBa HJIH C T,rJIOBH ej(HHH11H (c rpajjycH,
XHn51 HH), nnH C JIHHe13HH; B HOCnej[HHSI cnytIa13 TSI ce onpej;enA C
BHjjHMOTO JIHHeI3Ho pa3CT05IHHe no OTHOHIeHHe jjajjeHOTO pa3CTO5I-
HHe. Ho-ronsIMaTa LIaCT OT pa3CTOS1HHeTO ce B3eMa B CTOTHH ejjH-
HHIjH jjbnHKe ga ce HanpaBH H3B09 3a
3Ha*deHHeTO Ha CBeTJIOCHnaTa, KOSITO Tp316Ba ga HpHTe>KaBa B T-bM-
HHHa OfTHLIeCKHSIT MepHHK 3a gageHO oxo. HanpHMep CBeTJIO-
CHnaTa Ha MepHHK nv npH rOneMHHa Ha H3X0ASIL4HH OTBOp 6 MM
we 6-bRe 36 (6 X 6).
npa1THLlecHH no-rongma CBeTJIOCHna mowe ga ce nOnyLIH npH
H3rOTBHHeTO Ha onTHLIeCKHS1 MepHHK, B K0cIT0 3a neII-H Ha Tenecxorta
ce B3eMaT HaII-xy6aBHTe H HaII-3gpaBHTe OnTHLIecKH CTTLKna (T. e.,
KOHTO IIOFJrb laT cpaBHHTeJIHO MaJKO CBeTnHHa), aKo nenXHTe OT
06pwwaTeJIHaTa CHCTeMa 61 aT ROCTaTTmLIHO roneMH, B3eMaT ce
axpoMaTHLIeCKH nejuH OT Hall-906pHTe cHCTeMH.
npH H3n0n3yBaHe Ha O6p-bLgaTeJIHHTe CHCTeMH OT 06HKHOBeHH
H3F-b1KHanH JIeUXH HHKora He MOxce ga ce HOnyLIH TaKOBa LIHCTO H
SICHO H3O6paxceHHe KaKTO npH H3n0n3yBaHeT0 Ha axpoMaTHLieCKHTe
neulm.
CBeTJIocHnaTa 36 OTrOBap5l Ha nOBe1IeTO OHTHUecKH MepHHILH C
3 go 5 rI iTH yBenHLIeHHe H 3aTOBa TSI ce CMSITa 3a. HOpManxa.
IIpH HOpManHH OLIN pa60TaTa C OHTHLleCKH MepHHK, 1OIITO HMa
cBeTJIOCHna noBe'le OT 36, MO>Ke ga 6ibge 110-npO yKTHBHa. 3a
xopMannoTO oxo Aa>xe B 3gpaLl He ce HCKa roJmMO KOJIHLIeCTBO
CBeTnHHa, OTKOJIKOTO TO nony1aBa npH 6 MM 3pHTeneH OTBOP
(3eHHL(a Ha oxo).
B Ta61nula 2 e noxa3ana 3aBHcI-IMocTTa mew y CBeTnocxnaTa K
n0ne3H0T0 OTBepCTHe Ha o6eKTHBa (Bxo sIIgHSl OTBOp) npH pa3-
JIHLIHH ysenHUeHHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
H3XOA Hu
OTBOp, MM
CBerno-
cHna
25
36
49
64
12,5
15,0
20,0
22,5
25,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
15,0
18,0
24,0
27,0
30,0
36,0
48,0
60,0
17,5
21,0
28,0
31,5
35,0
42,0
56,0
70.0
20,0
24,0
32,0
36,0
40,0
48,0
64,0
80,0
3 a 6 e n e w x a. Ilone3HoTo OTB PCTHe Ha o6exTHBa 3a BCHKO OT npI1Be-
AeHHHTe yBenHqeHHH C onpegeneao C npH6n113HTenno H3HHcneHMe.
MepHH H H III K H
Pa3JIHLIHHTe BHAOBe MepHH HHHIKH ca J;aJ;eHH Ha pHC. 9. To-
JISIMa uaCT OT THX cera ce H3HOJI3yBa B OHTHLIeCKHTC MepHI4gH,
KOHTO CC HOCTaBSIT B'bpXy JIOBJ;>KHi3CKHTe Ha6pa3geHH OpT>>KHSI, H
caMO HHKOH OT HOCOLIeHHTe - BI,pXy BOeHHO H CHOpTHO opbxcHe.
IIpaKTMxaTa noxa3Ba, Me Hail-ygo6HH H cbB-bpuleHH ca MepHHTe
HHHIKH Ha CTbBeTCKHTe o6pa3914 (pHC. 9, o6pa3eu 6). TotHO HpH-
MepBaHe ce HOCTHra HpH H3IIOJI3yBaHeTO HM Hpe3 BCSIKO BpeMe Ha
AeHOHOH;HeTO.
O6pa3e1 6 HpegCTaBJIxsa HanbJIHO 3aBLplueH H CTTBbpIIIeH
o6pa3el[ Ha MepHHTe H141UKH H 3aTOBa e HaI1-pa3HpOCTpaxeH B Mep-
HHIUHTe, HpeAHa3HaTIeHH 3a JIOB H 3a BoeHHH Iuej1H.
B OTJjCJIHH CJIytaH HpH Ha6JI10J(eHHe B OHTHLIeCKHH MepHHK H
BHHM3TeJIHO pa3riie>KgaHe Ha MepHHTe HHHIKH ce 3a6enIH3Ba, Lie
ge6eJIHHaTa,(HanpeLIHHSIT pa3Mep) Ha MepHOTO OCTpHe e Ma31K0
Ho-MaJIKo OT XOpH30HTaJIHHTe MepHH HHIHKH, MaKap Te BHHarH
ga ce HpaB31T OT C'bBCeM egHaKBa >KHI[a, KOSITO HMa eJ[HaKBO Ha-
HpeLIHO cegeHHe. TOBa SIBJIeHHe ce 06SICHSIBa C OHTHUec aTa HJIIO
3HS1, 3aIgOTO, KaKTO e H3BeCTHO, BCpTHKaJIHHTe HHIIIKH (JIHHHH)
BHHarH H3rJie>1< aT go H3BeCTHa CTereH HO-TT,HKH OT XOpH30HTaJI
HHTe, MaKap Te H J[a HMaT C-bBceM CAH3KT,B HaripeteH pa3Mep.
IIapaJIaKC
IIOHSIKOra HpH CTpeJi6a KaKTO C OHTHLICCKH MepHHK, TaKa C'b11;o
H 6e3 Hero ce 3a6eJI313Ba HeJjocTaT-bLIHa TOLIHOCT Ha CTpe116aTa Ha
opT,>KHeTO HpH OTJjeJIHH H3cTpeJiH, a C-bH;O H HpH CepHSi Tax11Ba.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
IIpH TOBa cTpen6aTa cT'asa npH nSJIHa H3HpaBHOCT Ha MepHHxa,
op'b>KHeTO H naTpOHHTe. B TaKHBa cnyuaH HeTOUxaTa cTpen6a, a
TIOHSIxora HeynyLIBaxeTO, ce 9TLn1TCH Ha Taxa HapeuexoTO SIBne-
HH ; napaJlaxc.
3a HpOCTO H HarneAHO o6HCHeHHe Ha napanaxca mo>ICe ga no-
cnyncH cnejl,HHHT npHMep. Iloxa3anerXbT Ha rlpoTerllaTaTa pbxa ce
TIOCTaBA Me)KAy OKOTO H ne)Kaf iffl oTnpeg . I . 8
JIHCT XapTHA C netiaTaH TCKCT (KHHra, Be-
CTHHK H T. H.) TaKa, tie npBCTThT ga He
i(OKOCBa TeKCTa. Cne,q TOBa, KaTO ce mega
C eAHOTO OKO (ApyrOTO ce 3aTBap5i) ejjHO-
BpeMeHHO np'bCTa H TeKCTa OKOJIO npb-
CTa, nexo ce BTipTH rnaBaTa HaJIHBO H
HaJ iicxo. 3a6en513Ba ce cneRHOTO: npv-
CT'bT xaTO tie JIH '3anotIBa ga ce npeMe-
CTBa BCTpaHH, O6paTHO Ha RBH)KeHHeTO
Ha rnaBaTa HnH TeHCTW - BCTpaHH Ha
ABHXCeHHeTO Ha rnaBaTa), a B C bU OTO Bpe-
Me B geIiCTBHTCJIHOCT H TeKCT'bT, H npb-
CT'bT CH OCTaBaT HenOABH)KHH, B HenpO-
McHeHO nOJTO)KCHHe no OTHOTneHHe CgHH
Ha Rpyr. Te3H 3m14cJ HBH npemecTBaHHST
IT;e ce yBenHUaBaT cnopeg npH6nHxcaBa-
HeTO Ha HpTbCTa K-bM OKOTO H o6paTHO,
HaMan5IBaT ce npH OTganeLIaBaHe Ha npTb-
CTa OT OKOTO Hull npH6ni)KaBaHeTO My
K-bM TeKCTa. AKo rpT,CT bT Ce nOCTaBH
MHoro 6nH31-CO ICBM TeKCTa Ha xapTHHTa,
npHBHRHHTe npeMeCTBaHHH Ha I'bCTa
(HnH TeKCTa HHMa ga rH Hma Aa)ICe npH
nO-roneMH gBH)xeHHA (nloneeHe) Ha rnaB-
aTa. Tosa ABneITHe Cny}HH 3a npxmep Ha
napanaxca. I~ymaTa ?napajiaxc" noxa3Ba Puc. 9. Pa3IIHLIHH o6pa3-
B3aHMHO H3MeCTBaHe. LIH MepHHH HHIHKH
Hapanaxc ce HapHtia IIpHBHZ1HOTO H3MCCTBaHe Ha Ha6JuogaBa-
HHH npegmeT B pe3yJITaT Ha npemeCTBaneTO Ha OKOTO Ha Ha6nlo-
gaTeJHJ B HAKOA IZpyra CTpana, nOABHJIO Ce B pe3ynTaT Ha H3Mene-
HHeTo Ha T,rbna, TIO) KOI3TO ce e BH)KRan RageHHAT npegmeT go
npeMecTBaxeTO Ha OKOTO Ha Ha6n1OJZaTens1. B pe3yJTaT Ha npHBHA-
HOTO H3MeCTBaHe Ha rlpegMeTa ce nonyuaBa rpemKa B npHMepBa-
HeTO, T. e. napanaxc Him napanaxcnuecxa rpe=a.,
B OHTHLIeCKHA MepHHK TaK'bB npe meT Ce ABABa MepHOTO OC-
TpHe. TOtIHOTO npHMepBaHe, H3HCKBa MepHOTO OCTPHe ga Ce pa3-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
HOJIO>Kn B Tenecxona no OTHOfeHHe H3o6pa>xe*HHeTO Ha IjeJITa,
HOSITO ce nonyTaBa BBB (po yca Ha o6eKTHBa Ha TaFOBa MSICTO,
me npH OTKJIOHSIBaHe Ha OKOTO Ha Ha6niogaTen3I Harope, Hagony
HnH BCTpaHH JIHHHSITa Ha npHmepBane g a He H3MeHSI CBOeTO nOJIO-
>KeHne (HanpaBneHHe), ga He ce OTHJIOHSIBa, T. ei ga HHma 'brnOBA
H3MexeHHSl B npHmepBaxeTO Him axo Hma, Te ga 6BgaT c'bBceM He3Ha-
LIHTeJIHH. TOBa Moe ga ce nocTHrxe CaMO B Tax-bB Cnyuai3, axo
mepHOTO OCTpHe H H3o6pa>xeHHeTO Ha geJITa ce HaMHpaT B eAHa
4 oxaJlHa nnOCKOCT.
Puc. 10. JIyxoo6pa3HH nonycenxH, HOHTO ce SIBRBaT
no HpaHH;aTa Ha oxynxpa npn OTHJIOHeHHH Ha OHOTO
Ha CTpeiiega or onTHLIecxaTa OC Ha MepHHxa
Ai-co npH npHMepBane B HgKaKBa I[en c Mani-Co OTKJIOHeHne Ha
OKOTO Ha Ha6niogaTen5I OT onTHUecxaTa OC Ha Tenecxona ce 3a6e-
n3I3Ba H3MCCTBaHe Ha JIHHHSITa Ha npHMepBaHeTO (nO-BHpHO, Ha
MepHOTO OCTpne) H H3MeHeHne Ha HanpaBneHneTO I3, cJIeUBa, Lie
Tenecxon-bT Juana riapanaxc. B TaK-bB cnytial3 IIpnMepBaHeTO B Aa-
L eHaTa i en n e 6T4 e HenpaBnnHO, 3aMOTO gei3CTBHTeJIHaTa nHHIIH
Ha npHMepBaHe llle ce OTKJIOHH B CTpaHa, npOTHBOHOJIO>KHa Ha OT-
HJIOHeHneTO Ha OKOTO, maicap Ha Ha6nlogaTensl ga ce cTpyna, Lie
npnMepBaHeTO MHHaBa npe3 ijeJITa.
OCHOBHaTa IIpHLIlHa 3a nOSIBABane Ha napaJiaKC B TeneCKOnH-
LIecKHTe MepHnr[H ce CbCTOH B TOBa, Lie MepHHTe HHIIIKH o6HKHO-
BeHO ce nOMeCTBaT BbB (poxaJIH$Ta nnoCKOCT Ha o6eKTHBa H ce 3a-
KpenBaT HenOJjBH>xHO, goxaTO H3o6pa>xeHneTO Ha Ha6nx)JZaBaHH3I
npegMeT (uen) He BHHarH ce nonytaBa TOLIHO B Ta3n nJIOCKOCT,
TOBa CTaBa camo npH 3HaTIHTeJIHOTO My OTJjanegiaBaHe, T. e. KO-
raTO n'bgIHTe MoraT ga ce B3eMaT 3a H3XOJ;HLI(14 OT 6e3KpaKHO OT-
J1aJIetiexnH npeJ[MeT. CnopeA OTganeLleHHeTO Ha Ha6rno aBaHHSI
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
npej[meT go o6exTHBa H3o6pa3KeHH3ITa my ce nonytaBaT He BbB
4)Oxyca, a Bce no-Aanetie H no-Aanetie, T. e. H30CTaBaT OT.cbOKan-
HaTa nnOCKOCT Ha3aj[ H xaTO H3JI5I3aT OT He51, He CTbBnaAaT Beue c
mepxnTe HHInKH, KOHTO BHHarH ca pa3nOJ10HCeHH BBB ()oxanxaTa
nJIOCI{OCT Ha o6exTHBa.
EAHHCTBeHO BepeH n-bT Aa cc OTCTpaHH BpeAHOTO BJIHHHne Ha
napaiIaxca B-bpxy TOxIHOCTTa Ha npHmepBaxeTO e cnegHHHT: npH
npHMepBaHe c OHTHtIeCKHH MepHHK OKOTO (3eHHijaTa Ha OKOTO) TpS16-
Ba Aa ce npeMeCTBa? BCeKH n'bT B TOLIHO onpeJjeJIeHOTO MHCTO no
OTHOHIeHHe Ha oxynnpa, a HMCHHO no npoJjbn>KeHHeTo Ha OCTa Ha
TenecKona H Ha pa3CTOSIHHe OT OKynsipa, KoeTO Aa 6Bge paBHO Ha
pa3CTO31HHeTO AO OKOTO. AKo no KpaHnjaTa Ha OKynnpa ce HOHBSIT
nyHOO6pa3HH noJiyceHKH, 3HatIH5 tie 3eHHljaTa He ce HaMHpa Ha
MHCTOTO CH. HaBHKTT npaBHJIHO Aa ce nOCTaBH OICOTO 1-10 OTHOIueHHe
Ha oxynxpa, AoseAeH AO aBTOMaTH3-bM, ce npHAo6HBa npe3 Bpeme
Ha cneIjHaJIHIITe 3aH3iTH5i no npaBHJIHOTO np1KnaJBaHe Ha nyui-
Ka, CHa6AeHa c OnTHtIeCKH MepHHK.
Ha npaKTHKa napanaKC-bT OKa3Ba BJIHSIHHe He CaMO Ha nOJjOxce-
HHeTO Ha HyJICBaTa JIHHHSI Ha npHMepBaHe, HO H BT>o611je I,~pxy
KaxieCTBOTO 3a npHBe>xAaHe OpTb>KHeTO K-bM HOpMaJIeH 6oI1. A a Ao-
nycHeM, tie 3a -brT,n Ha napanaxca Ha HyneBaTa JIHHHSI Ha npHMep-
BaHe 3a HeB-bOp'b>KeHOTO OKO Ce CMSITa 'brbirbT, paBHH Ha 0,5 Ae-
neHII51 OT brJIOMepa, T. e. BenHtnHHaTa OT nOJIOBHH XHns1AHa.
3aTOBa, KoraTO ce npMBe>KAa OpT>>KHeTO K-bM HOpmaneH 6oIi, OT-
KJIOHeHHeTO' Ha CpeAHHH yap Ha nonaAeHHSITa OT KOHTPOJIHaTa
TOLIKa B-bpXy MHIIIeHaTa TpH6Ba Aa 6-bAe He nOBetie OT 5 cAi. IIpn
CTpeJi6a Ha pa3CT03IHHe 100 M Ha TOBa OTKJIOHeHHe CbOTBeTCTByBa
TirJIOBaTa BeMHtiHHa 0,5 AeneHHSi OT brJioMepa.
IIpH npHBe>KAaHe CHallnepoBaTa ilynlca KT,M HOpManeH 60I3
'brnoBaTa BeJIM4IHHa Ha napanaxca 6naroAapeHHe Ha OnTHgecKHSI
MepHHK e MHOro mania H npH CTpe116a Ha pa3cT6sHHe 100 At He
oxa3Ba BJIHSIHHe. B pe3yJITaT Ha ToBa, tie JIHncBa napanaicc Ha r yui-
xaTa, CHa6AeHa c onTHiecxH MepHHx, Ha Hen npH npHBe>KAaHeTO II
H'J M HopmaneH 6o11 ce npeJS1BHBaT no-rover 4 H3HCHBaHI3SI: nocTaBSIT
ce Hari-MaJIKHTe pa3mepH 3a pa3celIBaxe Ha xypmyMHTe, a HMenxo
8 CM, AOKaTO 6e3 onTHtiecKHSI MepHHK Te3H pa3MepH ce yCTaHOBSIBaT
Ha 15 CAt.
IIpHcnoco6rieHHe 3a HocaanHHe Ha brJIHTe
Ha npHmepnane
IIpHcnoco6neHHeTO 3a noCTaBSIHe Ha brnHTe Ha npHMepBaHe
npeACTaBJIsIBa 6apa6axtie c MaxoBnic, pa3nono>1ceH oTrope BSpxy
onTHtiecKaTa Tp'b6Htixa, 6naroAapeHHe Ha KoeTO mepxoTO OCTpHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
(Iuii nO-TOLIHO ILSiJIOTO MepHO npHCHoco0iieHHe - paMKaTa, Mep-
HHTe HHHIKH) MO)Ke ga ce cnyc a H ga ce noBgHra B 3pHTeJIHOTO
none Ha Tp b6aTa Ha OnpegeneHa BeJIHLIHHa. C TOBa ce JjaBa B13M0)K-
HOCT Ha OHTHLIeCKHSi MepHHK ga ce H3nOn3yBa 3a CTpen6a Ha pa3-
JIHLIHH pa3CT05IHHni.
YCTpOi3CTBOTO Ha npHCHO006JIeHHeTO e noKa3aHO Ha pHC. 11.
B CTOMaHeHa paMKa (Tp1b6a a) Ha oHTHtecxHSI MepHHK 3gpaBO ce
3aBHHTBa KaMepa, B KOSITO HMa OTCTpaHH OTBeCHH yneH BHB BHA
Ha ?naCTOBHtia onammKa" 6, B KOI3TO ce fOCTaBSi paMKaTa, Hocen a
MepHHTe HHHIKH C. aBH)KeHHeTO Ha Ta3H paMKa Harope H Hagony
a cTaBa upe3 3aB-bpTBaHe Ha MHKpOMeTpH-
tIeCKHSI BHHT e, KOHT0 HMa B ropHaTa CH
maCT MaxoBH*3e (). O6HKHOBeHO gTbJI)KH-
HaTa Ha BHHTa (XOA%T Ha BHHTa) ce ripe-
CMSITa TaKa, me BHHTBT ga MO)Ke ga ce
3aB'bpTH He nOBexie OT eAHH IIbneH 060-
POT - 3600 (nOHHKOra ManKO nOBete).
rOpHOTO 6apa6aHLIe c MaXOBHUeTO 3a-
eJ(HO C MepHOTO npndnoco6JIeHHe e HaH-
LIyBCTBHTeJIHaTa TIaCT Ha oIITHxiecKHSi Aiep-
HHK. 3aTOBa pa6oTaTa c Hero TpsI6Ba ga
614 e MHOTO BHHMaTeJIHa. Haf3-MaJIKH3IT
Puc. 11. IIpHcnoco6neHHe M'bpTT,B XOg, KOHTO MO)xe ga ce IlonytiH
3a IIOCTasxxe Ha 'brnHTe Ha B HerOBHSI MexaHkI3T,M ' BcnegCTBHe Ha He-.
npHMePBaae (BHg OTK'i M npaBHJIHOTO MaHHIIyJIHpaxe C Hero, rlpeA-
CTpaHa Ha o6eKTHBa):
a - cToMaHeHa Tp1,6a; 6 - Bep-
THHanHH HaHanH; e - HaMepa;
a - MaxoBH4e 3a HOCTaBHHe Ha
arana Ha npnmepBaaexo; e -MH-
HpoMeTpH9eH BHHT; C - MepHH
HHUIKH.
H3BHKBa H3MeHeHHe B caMaTa yCTaHOBKa
Ha MepHHTe HHLuKH, a cneAOBaTenHO H
H3CTpenThT ga He nonaj(He B I.IeJITa.
MaMKHTe HegoCTaTT,i1H, KOHTO ce cpe-
ugaT nOTITH BTbB BCH*-IKH CHCTeMH MepHH
npHcnoco6neHHSi, He BHHarH H He BbB
BCHMRH c iytIaH MoraT ga ce npeMaxnaT HarrLJIHo, oco6eHo npH
TaKHBa CHCTeMH MepHHI(H, KOHTO HMaT MHKpOMCTPHXIHH BHHTOBe H
ce Hanara Ra ce 3aB'bpTaT npH pa6oTa. npHLIHHaTa 3a TOBa ce 3a-
KnlouaBa B CnegHOTO, tie BCeKH BHHT, KO13TO TpH6Ba ga ce BT4TH
H ABH)KH B CBOHTa Mylpa, BHHarH HMa CBOI3, MaKap H He3HauH-
TeneH, M'bpTbB XOg. npH LIeCTOTO H3 IOn3yBaHe Ha MHKpoMeTpHtI-
HHR BHHT MBPTBHSIT XOJ; ce yBeJIHxiaBa. IIpH HHHOH CHCTeMH
MepHHiWH npH nOCTOHHHO ynOTpe(5nBaHe nOHSIKora ce 3a6ensl3Ba
pa3Xna6BaHe Ha 3aKpenBaHeTO Ha BHHTa B IHHAKaTa (3aKpeneHa
C LIeTHpH'br'bJIHa B'bTpenIHa narepHa HIHIhKa H II[H()T) H 3aKpen-
BaHeTO Ha ixeJIHSi BHHT C Bp'blI aTeJHOTO MaxoBHiie, KoeTO, KaKTO
H M'bpTBHSIT XOI;, BOJ;H KIM BpeAHH nOCnegCTBHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
. TpH6Ba ga ce J;o6aBH, tie BHHTT>T Ha ropHOTO 6apa6aHile Ha
OHTHLIeCKHH MepHHK e He caMO J{BH)Keig npH6op, KOI1TO B,I;Hra a
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ner;a.
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3 IIoAroroBHa Ha cnaunepncra
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
HMa CThnxa (HaKJIoH) Ha HapE3BaHeTo, He no-Mania OT 1?,5 m At, a
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
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36.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
3a MepHHSl CTaHOK H c MepHHK 3 (06HKHOBeHHJ1 MepHHK) cc HaCOLIBa
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
OCHOBH HA CTPEJIBATA
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OT TOnnHHeH HMnyJIC - CbnpHKOCHOBeHHe c nnaM'bK., 3a-
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3}8
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
- OT HMrrynca Ha xancyn-geTOxaTOpa,.3apegeH c HHHIjHHpari o
B3pHBHO. Ben eCTBO, uyBCTBHTCJIHO KT M TOHJIHHHO HnH McXaHH-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
Hanpeg no Icanana Ha rreBTa Ha opsxcHeTO, ce yBenHqaBa o6eMsT,
B HOHTO ca 3aTBOpeHH ra30BeTe, KoeTO cnoMara J.[a ce HaMaJTH Ha-
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KypIHyMHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO (OT J.IT,HOTO Ha rHJ13aTa, KOSITO ce Ha-
MHpa B naTpOHHHKa, go Z[bHHaTa LIaCT Ha j.IBH)ICeJ1I3I ce KypilyM)
H3npeBapBa yBenH*deHHeTO Ha ra3OBeTe - HaJISIraHeTO nOCTeneHHO
CnaJ7a H CTaBa Hart-ManKo npH HJ'K HHe Ha OCTa Ha KaHana Ha 1jeBTa B MOMeHTa
Ha. H3JIHTaHeTO Ha HypiuyMa, He c7,BnaAa c noJIOHKHeTO, Kypu.IyMST nonaiia nOg B'b3J;eI3CTBHeTO Ha gaCTIIIIIITe
Ha BB3gyxa, B pe3ynTaT Ha KOeTO KypInyMTT ry6H OT CBOS1Ta CKO-
pOCT;
3) c H n a T a H a 3 e M H O T O n p H B n H U a H e H a
K y p In y m a; Ta3H cHna Kapa KypHiylvia Ra naga Hagony.
XapaKTep Ha J[BH>KeHHeT0 Ha KypmlyMa
nog g e H C T B H e T o c a m o H a H H e p IA H H T a. ,ga npeJ;-
noJIO>KHM, Lie Ha xypinyma Jjei3CTByBa canto CHnaTa Ha HHep-
ILHHTa, a CHnaTa 3a C-bnpOTHBneHHeTO Ha Bb3J;yxa H. 3eMHOTO
npHBJIHLiaHe He my J;ei3CTByBaT. B TaWBB cnyLIaH KyPHIyM1,T 6H
neTHJI npaBOnHHeYIHO, 3ana3BaI3KH npe3 Bpeme Ha CBOSI noneT
CKOpOcTTa, paBHa Ha HatIannaTa cxopocT. OT pHC. 17 ce BH).Kga,
Puc. 17. XapaKTep Ha ABHHCeHHeTO Ha KyptuyMa no,
J I4CTBHe camo Ha cniiaTa Ha HHeptwHSITa
Lie B TaxT,B CnyLial3 xypIHyM-LT 6H ce J(BH>KHn HO JIHHHHTa Ha xBbp-
nHHeTO H 6H MHHan npe3 1-Ta, 2-Ta, 3-Ta H T. H. CeKYHJ[H n0 paBHO
pa3CTOSlHHe nbT C I'OneMHHa 865 At.
XapaKTep Ha ABHHLeHHeTO Ha KypluyMa
n0 Jj Aeft CTBHeT0 Ha cHnaTa Ha HHepIA HATa
H C H n a T a H a C T L H p O T H B n e H H e T 0 H a B1,3-
J[ y x a. OT pHC. 18 Ce BHH< a, Lie axo B TOUxaTa Ha H3nHTaHCTO
(HO-TOLIHO Ha ManKO pa3CTOHHHe OT HeH) CKOpOCTTa Ha KypmyMa e
paBHa Ha 86 5 4ceK, Ha 100 .t OT HeH CKOpOCTTa ce e HaManHna go
731 At/ceK, Ha 200 .t - go 702' nt/ceK, Ha 300 Ai - go 630 M/ceK,
Ha 400 m - go 564 nt/ceK H T. H. HaManHBaHeTO CROPOCTTa Ha J(BH-
>KeHHe Ha xypniyMa e pe3ynTaT Ha JjeIiCTBHeTO Ha LlaCTHAHTe Ha
cpen[aHHS1 BL3JjyX.
XapaKTep Ha JZBH>KeHHeTO Ha xypmyMa
HO g g eA CTBHe CaMO Ha cHnaTa Ha 3eMHOTO
H p m B n H Li a H e. 143BeCTHO e, Lie KaTO ce nOJ(LIHHSIBaT Ha
CHnaTa Ha 3eMHOTO npHBnHLIaHe, Tenana nagaT OTBeCHO Ha,gOny.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22: CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
BHCOUnHaTa Ha naganeTo MO)xe ga ce H3pa3H c 4)opMynaTa
t2
H=
x'bgeTO H e BHCOLIHHa Ha nagaxeTO;
g - ycxopeHHe Ha CHJIaTa Ha TexceCTTa, paBHO Ha 9,8 M*x;
t - Bpeme B ceKyH9H.
Puc. 18. XapaHTep Ha ABH)HeHHeToo Ha xypuryma nog AeHCTBHe
Ha canaTa Ha HHepUHHTa H canaTa Ha c'bnpoTHBneHae Ha
Bb3Ayxa
Puc. 19. XapaHTep Ha ABHSxeHHeTO Ha Hypiuyma nog AeHCTBHe Ha
CHnaTa Ha HHepLwHHTa, cHJIaTa Ha cbnpoTHBaenaeTO Ha B'b3gyxa H Ca-
naTa Ha 3eMHOTO np}IBnITdane (oxoHLlaTeeJIHHHT BHA -Ha TpaexxopHHTa)
4Haiie TOM MO)Ke ga ce H3pa3H Talca: BHCOXIHHaTa Ha naga-
HeTO a paBHa Ha IIOJIOBHHaTa OT npOH3BeJeHHeTO Ha yCKOpeHHeTO
Ha cHnaTa Ha Te)KeCTTa c BpeMeTO Ha KBagpaT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
ga H3THCJII3M BHCOLIHHaTa' Ha nagaHeTO Iia T$JIOTO B TeLIeHHe
Ha 1; 2, 3 H T. H. CeKyHAH, HaTO OTLIeTeM OT JIHHHATa Ha, H3-
CTpena (pxc. 19) ,
2-tea cexyHga :
3-Ta CeKyHga:.
XapaKTep'bT Ha gBH>xeHHeTO Ha xypiuyma nog AeI3cTBHe Ha
CHJIaTa Ha HHepuHSiTa, cxnaTa Ha CTnpOTHBJIeHHeTO Ha B'L3Ayxa H
CHiiaTa Ha .3eMHOTO npHBJIutIaHe (oKOHTaTeJIHHAT BHA Ha jTpaeK-
TOpHATa) enoKa3aH; Ha pHC._19 H1.20.
2
?
9,8.32
8pax Ha mpeaKmopcaRma
Puc. 20. TpaewropHw Ha KypulyMa
dbopMa na TpaegcTOpnATa. copMaTa Ha TpaexzopHATA 3aBHCH.
OT -roneMMHaTa Ha. LI T~JIa, Ha . Bb3BHIIIeHHeTo.;,HOJIKOTO nO=roJIAM e
br?bJ I,T Hac ih.3BHHIeHHeTO, TOJIHOBa nO-BHCOxo, nee MHHaBa TpaeK-?
Topi35ITa, K cnegoBaTenxo TOJIxoBa no-Aaneue ige JieTH icypInyM'bT.
Ho ToBa HoiioxceHHe e BApHO canto AO H3BeCTHa rpaHHua. Ta
KaBa rpaHHiga 3a nyiuKaTa npH CTpe116a C- naTpOH c-Jtex KypluyM ii;e
6i e irr.rbT Ha BS3BH1HeHHeTO, KOIITO e paseH.Ha 30?. T031?i brbji
ce' ?Haputia '1,r-b?JI .Ha,,H,.ait.-,roJIAMaTa xo:pIi3OH--
T?a .JI H a% A a n e LI H- H a. AKO -br.',JI'LT xa . Bb3BHIIIeHHeTO CTaHe
noBetle'.OT 300,. xop1430i-ITanxaTa ganegHHa Ha xypmyMa-II e-3anoTHe.
ga cnaga H IipH tir-bii Ha Bb3BHiueHHeTO .90 n e 6Bge paBHa Ha
iHyna.
Moxce ga ce noJIyTH;;eAHaKBa XOpH30HTaJIHa AaneggMHa Ha Hyp
my ma npH pa3JIHLiHH, 7brJIH ;xa H3xBbpn3Ixe :.eAHHHAT i qe 6TiJje no
Man 'bic, a ApyrHBT no-roJISIM OT &ri,jia Ha Haft-roJIaMaTa XOpH3OH-
46
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
TanHa ) anetHHa. TpaeKTopHiTe, xOHTO ce o6pa3ypaT npK TaKHBa
-braH, ce HapHuaT'cnperHaTH (pic. 21).
TpaexTopHHTa Ha xypuryMa, I.13xBbpneH OT xanaiia Ha ueBTa
nog -LrLn Ha B1,3BHHIeHHeTO, no-Man'bx OT T,rbna Ha Han-rojISIMaTa.
xopM3oHTanxa Z[anegHHa, ce Hapw is n 0 J1 e r a T a, a nog sr'bJI,,
nO-ronsM OT Tbr73!na Ha HaI3-rOJ1HMaTa xopx3oHTanxa j;anetimHa
HaBeCHa.
. (DOpMaTa Ha TpaeKTOpHSITa 3aBHCK oir e K OT HatjaJIHaTa CKO-
pOCT Ha KypluyMa, ()opMaTa my H McTeopOJIorHLIHHTe ycnoBHSI.
Ha'a)IHa CKOpOCT. KOJIKOTO HagasIHaTa CKOpOCT e n0-roJISIMa,
TOJIKOBa no-rOJISiMa we 61,-
ge CKOpOCTTa Ha KypmyMa
npe3 BCxKa eu4HHua Bpe-
Me. rOJIAMaTa HatIaJiHa CKO-
pOCT ocprypxsa noneraTocT
Ha TpaeKTOpHSITa, KoeTO
yBenKLiaBa 30HaTa 3a nopa-
3i1BaHe K n03BongBa ga ce
143noJI3yBa eAHO K CT,Iuo Puc. 21. CuperxaTK TpaexxopHu
nonowweHHe Ha Mepnnxa
npK CTpen6a Ha pa3JIHLIHK
pa3CT03iHKSi. npK TOBa BJIKFIHKeTO Ha BHTTipa B'bpXY OTKJIOHSI-
BaHeTO Ha KypinyMa c e HaMansiBa.
Tpn6Ba ga ce oT6enexc}, Lie KOJIKOTO no-roJISIMa e HauannaTa
CKOpOCT, TojixoBa n0-ronnMa e H npO6HBHaTa CIIO006HOCT Ha xyp-
Iuy Ma.
OopMaTa Ha KYpuayMa. KOnKOTO nO-OCTpa e (DOpMaTa Ha.
xyplnyMa, TOJIKOBa no-Manxo e BnHSiHKeTo Ha CbnpOTHBneHKeTO
Ha B'b3gyxa. 3a HaMansBaHe CbnpOTKBneHHeTO Ha B'b3gyxa HMa
3HageHHe He caMO genHaTa, HO H 3apnaTa LIaCT Ha xypuiyMa. ToBa
ce 06SICHSIBa C'bC cnejLHOTO: 3aA neT5IIWKH KypInyM ce o6pa3yBa
pa3pe1exo npOCTpaHCTBO, KOeTO ,3acMyKBa" xypuHyMa (xaTO Lie
J1K rO TernU Ha3aj[); 3a ga ce HaManH pa3pegeHOTo npOCTpaH-
CTBO, 3aiZHaTa tiacT Ha KypiuyMa ce npaBH yj(T Jnfcena.
McTeop onorHtHHTe yCJIOBHH go ronsIMa cTe-
neH BnKSISIT Ha ()opMaTa Ha TpaeKTOpn$Ta. nnThTHOCTTa Ha B'b3gyxa
3aBHCH OT HansiraHeTO Ha aTMOC(pepaTa K TeMnepaTypaTa: KOJIKOTO
e no-rOJISIMO HansiraHeTO H no-HKCKa TeMnepaTypaTa, TOJIKOBa
no-rOnSIMa a nn'bTHOCTTa. ITpI yBenHLiaBaHe nnl,THOCTTa Ha Bb3jjyxa
XOpK3OHTaJIHaTa' j(aneLIHHa Ha noneTa Ha KypluyMa ce HaManxsa,
a npIi HaMaJISIBaHe Ha nJrbTHOCTTa -- ce yBenHtaBa.
'rOnsMO BJIHSIHKe OKa3Ba BSIT'bpT,T Ha J>;anexlHHaTa Ha nOneTa Ha
KypmyMa, a cneAOBaTenHO K Ha (pOpMaTa Ha TpaeKTOpHSITa.
4?
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
BHT1p1T Moxce ga 6ige HacpeIr eH H non7,TeH. HacpeigHHwT
BSITT,p HaMaJIHBa J;anetIHHaTa Ha nQJIeTa Ha,KypmyMa; npH nonBT-
HHH BSITTip ,L aJletlHHaTa Ha noJleTa Ha xyplnyMa ce yBenxnIaBa.
OH[e no-roJI51MO BJIHHHHe OKa3Ba Ha TpaeKTOpn5ITa B51TT,p bT,
ICOf TO Ryxa nog 73r-bJI xbM nJIOCKOCTTa Ha CTpeiI6aTa, T. e. CTpaHHtI-
HHSIT BSITT,p. B TO3H cJlytlall TpaeKTOpHHTa Ce OTKJIOHABa Ha Ta3H
CTpaHa, HaK-LgeTO Ryxa BHT'bpBT. Hafi-rojIHMo OTKJIOHeHHe iue
HMaMe, KoraTO B$ITBp-bT ,L yxa nog T,rT,M 900 xT,M rmoCKOCTTa Ha
CTpeJI6aTa.
OTKJIOHeHHeTO Ha KypnlyMa no BBCOtIHHa B pe3yJITaT Ha H3Me-
HeHHeTO nJIrbTHOCTTa Ha BT,3gyXa H IIOA BJIHHHHe Ha HacpellAHHH
HJIH fO1IBTeH BHTT,P npH CTpeJ16a Ha pa3CT0HHHe go 600 .u e He3Ha-
tIHTeJIHO H HSIMa npaRTHtlecKO 3HatleHHe. KoraTO BHT-bp1,T e CTpa-
HHtIeH, OTKJIOHeHHeTO Ha xyplfyMa H;e 6vAe no nocoxaTa Ha Ryxa-
II[H51 B51TT,p. To n(e 6-bAe 3HatIHTeJIHO H axo He c2 OTXIeTe, KypIIJyMT,T
He ire nonagHe B qeJITa. 3aTOBa e Heo6XOgHMO TogKaTa Ha nprMep-
BaHeTO ga ce H3HCCe B Ta3H nocoxa, OTICLI eTO HgBa B5JTT,p'bT,
I4JIH ga ce HaHece nonpaBKaTa c MexaHH3Ma 3a CTpaHHTIHHTe n0-
npaBKH, KaTO ce H3nOJI3yBaT gaHHHTe OT Ta6JIHI;a 4.
Pa3CTOHHHe Ha cTpen6aTa B
H3HaCHHe Ha MepHaTa TOYHa HnH BHaCHHe nonpaBma
A{
C MCXaHH3Ma as CTpaHHgHH nonpaBHH
B CaHTHMCTpH I
4oBennCH
AepwBaIHH B
cbHrypH
CaHTHMeTpH
100
3
0
2
200
.9
,
0
4
300
20
1/a
,
0,7
2
400
40
1
1,0
4
500
68
11/2
1,4
7
600
100
2
1.8
12
700
150
3
2,2
19
800
210
4
2,7
29
Te3H J;aHHH CHal3nepHCTT,T Tp516Ba ga H3y-IH H 3anOMHH.
3a pa3tleT Ha nonpaBKHTe npH CTpaHHtleH BHTT,p MOxce ga ce
npHJlara CJiejHOTO npaBHJIO: npH yMepeH B51T-bp (4 hi/ceK), xOIITO.
Ryxa nog T,ri,JI 900, nonpaBxaTa B caHTHMeTpH n.e 6-bRe 3axp&rjlella
paBHa Ha n'bpBaTa i uc pa Ha pa3CT05IHHeTO Ha KBagpaT, yMHO-
xcexa Ha 3.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
npHmepa. 1. Pa3cTosniHeTO Ha cTpen6aTa e 300 .K. IIonpanxaTa e pa-
BHa Ha: l
3 x 3(32)=9;9 x 3=27.
2. Pa3cTOHHHeTO Ha cTpen6aTa a 600 M. IIonpasxaTa e pasxa na
6 x 6(62)=36;36 x 3 = 108.
3 a 6 e n e sx x a. IIonpanxaTa IIpH cnneH BHTbp (8 MlceK) we 67,ge ABa
II'hTH nonege, a npH cna6 BHT'bp (2 MlceK) - 2 n'bTH nO-MaJICO, OTKOJIKOTO
noupaBKaTa npH yMepeH BJITbp.
Hpn BJiTT,p, KOI3TO gyxa nog ,rnH 450, 1350 no oTHommeHHe
nJIOCxocTTa Ha cTpen6aTa, nonpasxaTa Tp56Ba ga ce HaMaJIM c
0,7 n'bTH B cpaBHeHne c nonpasxaTa npH BHT-bp, KoiTO gyxa nog
vrbn 900 (270?) 1 bM nnOCKOCTTa Ha CTpez16aTa.
npH cTpen6a C OnTHLIecrH Mepnnx MepnaTa TOLIxa MoHce ga He
ce n3Haca, a ga ce BHece nonpaBxa, KaTO ce H3non3yBa MexaHH3MI.T
3a CTpaHHLIHHTe nonpaBKH. Egxo geneHHe OT cxanaTa Ha Mexa-
HH3Ma 3a CTpaHHLIHHTe nonpaBKH npn CTpen6a Ha 10O At e paBHO
Ha 10 cm, a IIo-HaTamIc 1ipOHOp11HOHaJIHO C yBeJIHLIeHI3eTO Ha pa3-
CTOHHHeTO Ha cTpen6aTa (200 M - 20 cm, 300 M - 30 CM H T. H.).
1-10 TaKTDB HagnH 3a nonpasxa c 27 cm (npHMep 1) npH cTpeJ16a
Ha 300 M Me Tp516Ba 6apa6aHLIeTO Ha MexaHH3Ma Ha CTpaHHLIHHTe
nonpaBKn ga ce 3aWb TH C 1 geneHHe OT HynaTa KbM nn oca
aKo nonpaBKaTa Tp516Ba ga ce HanpaBn BgHCHO, H K'bM MHHyCa
(-), axo e BJISJBO. 3a nonpasxa cT,c 108 cM npn cTpeil6a Ha 600 At
(npHMep 2) nonpasxaTa we 6T,ge pasxa Ha 13/ geneHHSI OT cxa-
naTa (60 x 1,75) =105 CM.
Ha CJopMaTa Ha TpaeKTOpHHTa oxa3Ba BJIHSIHHe H gepnBaIjHSITa -
OTKJIOHeHHeTO Ha KyplnyMa Hag5ICHO. TOBa OTKJIOHeHHe e B pe3yJI-
TaT Ha BnIIRHHeTO Ha BT,PT3I1UOTO gBHHKeHHe Ha KypnlyMa OKOJIO
CBOSITa OC H CbnpOTHBneHHeTO Ha B'b3gyXa.
3HaxxeHne Ha IloJieraToTO nomo *ceHHe Ha TpaeKTOpHSiTa
3a capeJI6a
3a nopa3SIBane Ha MaJIKH 3eMHH geJIH ronfJMO 3HaLIeHHe HMa
rnoJleraToTO nonoxceHHe Ha TpaeKT61 ATa.
Ax0 npH H3CTpen TpaeKTOpHxTa no rjJinaTa gT,n)KHHa Ha Mep-
HOTO pa3CTOHHHe, OT TOLIKaTa Ha H3JiHTaHeTO go TOLIKaTa Ha nagaHeTO,
He ce H3gHra Hag JIHHHSITa Ha MepeneTO no-BHCOKO OT 1 eJITa, Ta-
x1.B H3cTpen ce HapH*Ia rI p'a B. IIpaBII5IT H3CTpeJI e MHOro H3-
rogeH, TbI3 KaTO, KbgeTO n ga e pa3110JIW teHa geJITa, TH we 67bge
nopa3exa H rpelnxaza npH onpegeJrnHeTO Ha pa3CTO3IHneTO go IjenTa
H5IMa ga HMa npaKTHriecxo 3HaqeHHe (pHC. 22).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
AKO B bpXST Ha TpaexTopHSTTa ce 01 a)ice no-BHcoIO OT AaEenaTa
iien, IjenTa He HAe ce Hopa3aBa no i;suiaTa g'b.n)K13Ha Ha TpaeKT0PH3iza,
a caMo xorazo Igenza ce HaMHpa? Ha oIlpeAeneHH MecTa (pHC. 23).
KaxTo ce si3xxgaHH gaxKHeTO
H Ap., KOHTO ce cpeiraT ga> e H Y J[06pHTe H OIHTHH cTpenuH.
K'LM npHLIHHHTe, 3aBHCeujH OT McTeopOJIOrHTIHHTe yCJIOBHR, ce
OTHaCRT geiCTBHeTO Ha BRTT~pa, pa3JIHTIHOTO OCBeTHBaHe (Hag-
ronRMa pa3nHKa npH OCBeTRBaHeTO HMa npH HaJIHLIHeTO Ha ManKH
nepeCTH o611agg), H3MeHeHHeTO Ha HJ bTHOCTTa Ha BB3JJ;yXa, J.jb)i< a
n Mwima.
KbM npHTdHHHTe, 3aBHCeLUH OT Op bx(HeTO H 6oenpFnaCHTe,
Ce OTHaCRT 3arpsIBaHeTO H 3aMI pCRBaHeTO Ha IKeHHeTO Ha cpegHaTa TpaeKTOpHH cnpsIMo I1eHTLpa
Ha I;eJITa.
KOJIKOTO no-MaJIxa e IIJI014Ta Ha pa3cer3BaHeTO Ha KypIIIyMHTe
npH egHa H CT,ILa I;en, TOJIKOBa no-ronsiMa e BepOHTHOCTTa 3a
nonageHHe. KOJIKOTO no-rOJISIMa e nJIOn(Ta Ha I(eJrTa npH eAHO H
CT,IgO pa3cerlBaHe, TOJIKOBa e HO-ronggMa BepOSITHOCTTa 3a no-
naAeHHe. H HaKpasl, KOJIKOTO e nO-6JIH3x0 cpegHaTa TOTaxa Ha
nonageHHeTO go I;eHT-hpa Ha I.UeJITa, TOJIKOBa a no-rojuiMa BepOSIT-
HOCTTa 3a nOnageHHe.
3a onpegeJISIHe BepOSITHOCTTa Ha nona,geHHSITa Tps16Ba Ra ce
HaMepH Ta3H TaaCT OT nJIOII;Ta Ha pa3ceiiBaHeTO Ha KypIHyMHTe,
KOSITO HOxpHBa geJITa, H BT,3 OCHOBa Ha 3aKOHa Ha pa3ceI3BaHeTO
g a ce H3TIHCJIH npol(eHTT,T Ha KypIIIyMHTe, nOnagHaJIH Ha Ta3H
nJTOU .
,I1a pa3rJIe.L aMe TOBa c IIpHmepH. La ,1[OnycneM, Tae HHe npOH3-
Beuu aMe cTpen6a rIo iieii, HOSITO Hma BHCOTaHHa 30 CM H HeorpaHH-
ueHa umHpOTIHHa. CpeAHOTO OTKJIOHeHHe e paBHO Ha 15 cm. CpeR-
HaTa TpaexTOpHSI MHHaBa npe3 IreHT'Lpa Ha I.eJITa. Tpsi6Ba Aa ce
onpegeJIH BeposITHOCTTa 3a nonaJJeHHe B i enTa Ha JZa,geHa BHCO-
TaHHa.
3a onpegeJTSIHe BepOSiTHOCTTa Ha nonaJ[eHHe ate HauepTaeM B
npoH3BoneH maiga6 eJlinca Ha pa3ceI Bane C-bc cpeJ[HO OTKJTOHeHHe
no BHCOTaHHa Be=15 CAi H n e cTbcTaBHM CKana 3a pa3ceIiBaneTO
B npOL(eHTH. OT iteHTT,pa Ha enuncaTa Ha pa3ceIiBaneTO n;e Ha-
HeceM B cTjigHSi Maata6 nOJIOBHHara BHCOUIIHa Ha I;eJITa (Harope H
Ha,r;ony), T. e. 30 : 2 =15 cm. OT nonyuenaTa pHcynxa ate BHgHM,
Tie BHCOLIHHaTa Ha I;eJITa 3aema RBe cpeJ;HH OTKnoneHHSI (2 Be) H
C-bRT,p>Ka B ce6e cH 25%+25%=50% OT BCHTiHH nona.eHHST.
OCTaHaJIHTe 50% KypnlyMH He H;e nonaJ;HaT B i[eJITa. CneJ.tOBaTenHO
npH ronsM 6poI3 1,13cTpeiiH, npOH3BegeHH no J;ageHa IreJ1,
MO-Re Ra ce otiaxBa, Tae nOJIOBHHaTa (50%) H3CTpenSIHH HypniyMH
ate nonaJT,HaT B IUeJITa, 3algOTO BeposITHOCTTa 3a nOnageHHe e paBHa
Ha 50% HJIH Ha 0,5.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
OnpegeJIsIHeTO BepOHTHOCTTa 3a nonageHHe no cxanaza 3a
pa3ceI3Baxe HMa pegI3ua 3aTpywieHHn, 3aIIAOTO e Heo6xoAHMo
BceKF n'bT Aa ce HatiepTaBa CKanaTa 3a pa3ceIiBaxeTo H ce Haxacg
no T03H Malua6 uenTa. 3a Aa He ce npaBH ToBa, ce n3non3yBa cne-
uHanHa Ta6nHua, no KOSITO neCHO mo>Ke Aa ce onpeAenH BepoHT-
HOCTTa 3a nonapeHHC.I aaHHKTe B Ta3H Ta6nnua ca TOTrHO H3LIH-
CneHH Ha OCHOBaTa Ha 3aKOHa 3a pa3CeIIBaHe. 3a cpeAxo apHT-
McTHTIHO tliICJIO Cny>KH OTHOIIIeHHeTO Ha roneMHHaTa Ha IjeJITa C
BeiinximaTa Ha cpeAHOTO OTKJIOHeHHe.
Heica IIIHpOLIHHaTa Ha ueJITa e paBHa Ha 30 CM, CpeAHOTO OT-
KJIOHeHI3e e 15 cu 13 cpeAxaTa TpaeKTOpHS1 CbBnaAa c geHT bpa Ha
I;eJITa. 3a Aa ce onpeAenH BepORTHOCTTa Ha nOnaAeHHeTO, Tps16Ba
Aa ce HaMepH CpeJ;HOTo apHTMeTATIHO LIACno; TO e paBno Ha
30:15=2. IIO Ta6nHuaTa HaMnpaMe, T1e BepOSITHOCTTa 3a nonaAe-
HHe B genTa e 50%.
BeponTHOCTTa 3a nonaAeHns1Ta B lien c orpai ienn pa3Mepn
ce onpeLeJTn no CneAHI3n HaT;HH.
Ja AonycHeM, me Tps16Ba Aa ce onpeAenH BeposrrnoCTTa' 3a
nonaAenne B npaBO brT jiHHK C BnCOTdHHa 10 cm H iuHpoTgHHa
15 CM. OnpeAensiMe BepOHTHOCTTa 3a nonageHHe B nonocaTa c
Bncotn Ha 10 CM. C ieA TOBa no C-bII1HSI Ha'IHH OnpeL ensiMe Bepo-
5ITHOCTTa 3a rlonaAeHHe B nojlocaTa c IIIHpOTiHHa 15 cm. 3a Aa
ce onpeAenH BepOSlTHOCTTa 3a nonaLeHHe B npaBo'brbJHHKa,
nony'leHKTe AaHHH ce yMHO>KaBaT.
IIp$Mep. CTpen6aTa ce BoUH c',c cnablnepoBa nymxa no 6o1'IHagaTa Ha
6poxexannax B upasObrn,J1na cpopma c Brrco'Hrra 10 cm H mHpoexxa 15 cm.
Pa3cTOsHHexo Ha cTpen6aTa e 500 M. Aa ce onpeAenH BepoRTHOCTTa 3a nona-
Aenae, axo cpeJHaTa TpaexTOpHR MHHaBa npe3 genxvpa Ha genxa.
P e m e H H e. OT Ta6naga 6 npeaacBaMe cpeAHHTe OTiJ1OHeRHH: BT,B Bn-
COTuiHa Bc=11 CM H B umpOTuHHa B6=10 cm. HaMHpame cpeAHOTO apaTMe-
TH4HO MHCJIO Ha BHCOTruHaTa: 10:11=0,9. C'bc cpe)HOTO ap}TMeTHYHO TuHCno
OT C'bujaTa Ta6nHrba oupeAen51Me BepOSITHOCTTa 3a nonageHHe B'bB BHCOgHHa
Pe. Tx e paBHa Ha 23,8%.
r1o CbrgHR HagHH HaMHpaMe BepoaTHOCTTa 3a nonagenae B mapouHHaTa
(Pru). Cpe)HOTo apHTMeTHTdHO Tdacno e paBHO Ha 15:10=1,5; Bepo5THOCTTa 3a
nonaAeHHe B mapo'uHHa (aO Ta6JIHgaTa) e paBHa Ha 38,7?/0.
BepoRTHOCTTa 3a nonageHHe B npaso-br-bnaaxa (P) rue 6T,Ae:
P=Pe.Ptu=23,8.38,7, T. e. 9,20/0.
B cTpenxoBaTa npaITHKa. B 11OBeueTO CJIy1IaH ce Hanara Aa ce
onpeAenH BeponTHOCTTa 3a-nonaAeHHe npl3 cTpen6a no 4 nrypHH
uenH, KOHTO ca orpaHWLIeHH c KpHBH JIHHHH. 3a Aa ce onpeAenH
1 Taan Ta6naga e olnetlaTaHa B HacTaBneHHeTO no cTpenxoBO Aeiio.
OcaoBH.Ha cTpen6aTa c nexOTHO op'b)ICHe, 1952, cTp. 56.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
BeposITHOCTTa 3a nonaAeHHe B'bB q)HrypxaTa IjeJi, ce HOCTT,nBa no
CIIe)HHH HaLIHH.
Onpegeiux ce BepO3ITHOCTTa 3a nona,l eHHe B npaBOT,r'bJIHHKa,
BHCOUHHaTa H IHHpOLIHHaTa Ha 1011TO ca paBHH Ha BHCOXIHHaTa H
HIHpOLIHHaTa Ha UeJITa, H ce H3LIHCJI3IBa, qe npO60I%IHHTe B'Lpxy
nJIon Ta Ha npaBo br bJIHHxa ce pa3npejjeJ13IT paBHOMepno. ToraBa
BepO3ITHOCTTa 3a IIonaAeHHe B 1 enTa (p) ire 67,,e no-Manxa OT
BepoilTHOCTTa 3a nonaAeHHe B npaBo1,rr,JIHHxa (P) TOJIKOBa nThTH,
KOJIKOTO nJIOnlTa Ha npaBobrbJIHHKa S e no-rojISIMa OT HJIOIgTa
Ha IjeJITa S, T. e.
p:P=s:S.
OT Ta3H npOHOp4H3I HaMHpame BepO3ITHOCTTa 3a nCnaAeHHe B
SjeJITa :
S *
OTHOHIeHHeTO Ha nJIOII;Ta Ha ijeJITa KbM nJIOnjTa Ha npaBO-
T,r'bJIHHKa ce HapHtia KOe(pHIjHeHT Ha c HrypHOCTTe (KC5),
OT nOJiygeHaTa (popMyJIa ce BH>xga, Lie 3a Aa ce oripe,eJIH
BepOSITHOCTTa 3a nonaAeHHe BT,B (pHrypHaTa IjeJI, Heo6xo aHMo e Aa
?ce OnpeAeJIH BepO3ITHOCTTa 3a nOnaAeHHe B npanoT,rTJIHHKa, KOrITO
orpaHHUaBa Ta3H 11eJi, H nOJiytieHHSIT pe3yJITaT Aa ce YMHOSKH HO
KOe41HIjHeHTa Ha 4)HrypHaTa Ijemi. B Ta6JIHIja 7 ca AaAeHH pa3Me-
pHTe Ha IjeJIHTe, nJ10I4HTe H xoe(bHIAHeHTHTe Ha (bHrypHOCTTa.
Ta6Haga 7
KoedniggeHT Ha
(bHrypaocrra
TnaaecTa . . . . . .
0,3
0,5
0,10
0
60
.
rp1, Ha . . . . . .
0,5
0,5
0,18
,
0
70
IIoxcHa . .
1,0
0,5
0,46
,
0
92
BHrauxa . . .
.
1,5
0,5
0,60
,
0
80
I
KaprequHua . . .
.
0,55
0,75
0,29
,
0,70
TpH6Ba Aa ce oT6eJie}KH, tie npH H3IIOJI3yBaxe Ha npHBer e-
HaTa no-rope (popmyJIa 3HaiieHHeTO Ha BeposlTHocTTa 3a nonaAe-
HHe P B npaBo bri)J1HHxa, HOi3TO orpaHHLiaBa IjeJITa, ce onpeAejni
:n0 cpegHHTe OTKJIOHeHHSI, T. e. HO Ta6JiHlja 6.
OCBeH npHBeJ eHHTe HagiHHH 3a OnpeAeJISine BepO3ITHOCTTa 3a
lIonaAeHne B cTpenxonaTa npaiTHKa ce H3noJ13yBa HatiHHT,T 3a
onpe,en5IHe BeposTHocTTa 3a nonaAeHHe no cbpijeBHHH. O6atie
X03H HatIKH e npHJIOHCHM camo B TaKT,B Cnytari, IcoraTo pa3Me-
pHTe Ha IjeJITa ca no-MaJIKH OT pa3MepHTe Ha pa3cei3BaneTo.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
B T0311 cnyLlai BepOSITHOCTTTa 3a nouageHHe ce onpemem${, KaTO
ce _c bnocTaBI3 nJIOHiTa Ha neJITa cbc c'bpIIeBHHaTa Ha pa3cei Ba-
Hero Ha xypnlyMHTe. B C bIUHOCT cbpueBHHaTa Ha pa3ceI3Ba-
Hero c'b p)xa 50010 OT BCHUKH xypluyMH; cnemoBaTenno Bepo-
$ITHOCTTa 3a nonameHHe B 1;eJITa, KOSITO e no-mania OT cTiplLeBH-
HaTa, u;e 6bme Cbu;O Taxa no-maimo OT 500/o, npH ToBa TonxoBa
BTH, KOJIKOTO nJIO Ta Ha I.enTa e no-mania OT nnOWTa Ha Cbp-
i. eBHHaTa Ha pa3ceI3BaneTO Ha xypluyMHTe, T. e.
P:50?10=s:Ce, C6;
S
P=50010 Ce C6
KW eTO P - BepoSTTHOCTTa 3a nona,IjeHHe B UeJITa;
S - 1lnonrTa Ha uenra;
Q. Co' - nnoLIATa Ha C'bpAeBHHaTa xa pa3ceI3BaneTO Ha Kyp-
uIyMHTe.
IIpsniep. CTpen6aTa ce 330914 CbC cxafineposa nymxa no rnasecTa c])nrypa.
IJa ce oupejenx BepoHTHOCTTa 3a nonajeHne, axo Ca=0,4 At, a C6=0.55.
P e m e H H e. OT Ta6nHIa 7 ce npenHcsa nnoulTa Ha rnasecTaTa Len
5=0,10 M2. ToraBa BepORTHOCTTa sa nona9eHHe e
s 0,10
P=500/0Ce. C6. =50010' 0,40.0,55 =22'7?l0
Him 3axpbrneHo 23010.
Tosa maw, 14e or 100 H3cTpena 23 n;e uonaJHaT B rnaBeCTaTa uen,axo
BoJHM cTpen6a ups e9HH H coma ycnoBHH.
Kaxro BH>KRaMe, BepOSITHOCTTa 3a nonajjeHHe HH noxa3Ba ) O-
xonxo LiecTO Mo3Ke g a ce ouaKBa nonameHHe B H51K051 lien, HO He
Hoxa3Ba KaK'bB 6poI3 naTpOHH e Heo6xomnmO, 3a Aa ce nonamHe
B mameHa gen. Ha T03H BbrLpoC ozroBapH Ben144IHHaTa Ha maTe-
MaTHUeCKOTO otiaxBaHe OT 6posi Ha nonameHH5iTa.
MaTeMaTHgeCKO ogiaxBaxe 3a 6posi Ha nona-
m e H H H T a ce HapHtia cpemHOTO LIHCJIO nonameHHs B ijenTa npH
MHoroKpaTHO nOBTOpeHHe Ha ewia H cBu;a cTpen6a npH emHaKBH
yCJIOBH5I.
OT TeOpHSITa Ha BepOsiTHocTTa e H3BecTH0, Lie MaTeMaTHtIe-
CKOTO OLIaKBaHe 3a 6posi Ha nonamXeHHSITa LIHCneHo e paBHO Ha
Bepo5ITHOCTTa Ha nonameHHSiTa. MaTeMaTHLIeCKOTO otiaHBaHe 3a
6po51 Ha. nonamerHSiTa ce 0603HatiaBa c 6yKB 1Ta a. IIO TaKbB Ha-
tIHH OT onpemeneHHeTO Ha MaTeMaTctiecKOTO OLIaKBaHe CnemBa, me
MaTeMaTHwIeCKOTO OLIaKBaHe 3a nonameHHSiTa npH CJ HH H3CTpen
'(al) e paBHO Ha
a1=P (nonam;eHHSI).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpn ABe nonaAeHHH MaxeMaTHglecxOTO ouaReaxe sa nonaAeaHHTa e pasno
Ha a2=2a1j npn TPH as=3a, H npn n HacTpenH e paBHO Ha a?=n.a1. OT no-
cJIeAHHA Hapas caeRBa, =Ie Heo6xo9nMOxo xonHnecTso 113CTpenn npn AaAeH 6porr
nonaAexnx Iue 61,Ae
n= a? a,
AHO Hne onpei(enSIMe 6poH Ha naTpoHI ne, KOHTO. ca ?Heo6XOAHMH 3a
ejHO nonaAeane, T. e. a?=1, To
1 1
n=-=
a1 P
HO TaKBB HagHH, KaTO ce Mae BepOHTHOCTTa 3a nona)eHHe
P, He e TpyRHO ga ce orlpe,ejIH cpe,i uoTO KOJ1wIeCTBO naTpOHH,
HeO6XOJ;HMH 3a e1 HO HOnaJ eHHe.
ilpHMep. no AaHHHTee OT npeAHAyInHH npHMep ga ce onpeAenH cpeAnH5nn
6poz3 uITpoin, Heo6xoAHMH 3a eAHJ ngnaAenne B rjIaBecTa cl arypa.
P e in e n n e. BepoHTHocrra sa nonaAenne cMe OnpeAenxnH; T$I e paBHa
Ha P-23?/0 Him P=0,23. CneAosaTenso
1 1 1
n= a, = P = 23 , T. e. Heo6xoAHMH ca 4 naxpona.
ToBa nolcasBa, Tie alto HHe cTpengMe noseee no AaAesa uen Bcexn IFBT C
LIeTBpH naTpona, cpeAHO Ha BcexH lqeTHpH H3cTpena HHe ii a HMane no eAHo
nonaAeHHe.
110 CT,II(HH HaqHH ce H3LIHCJISIBa HeO6xoAHMHSIT poi na-
TpOHH 3a H3r1 bJIHeHHe Ha cxainepoBHTe ynpa>KHeHrni.
McTORHgecum c',Be'H no opraHH3npane H nponexKnHB cTpe7Ieij
H H)H 6naronpHHTHH McTeoponorI3unn yCJIOBIA TOYI npon3Be>RJ7a
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
100 H3CTpeJIa Ha pa3CT031HHe go 500 M (.IIe3xeHIKOM, KaTO H3rOJI3yBa
y.o6eH ynop).
3a Aa ce noJIygaT nOBege ,eCTeCTBeHH KOnHSi" OT pe3ynTaTHTe
Ha Taxasa CTpe116a, npenop agBa ce X BM HOBHH 1I HT g a ce 3axpenj1r
HSIKOJIKO JIHCTOBe xapTHH H OTrope ce ciiara JIHCT xapTHSI C ()H-
rypHa HnH npaBoT,rTJIHa MHIIIexa, 3anenena Taxa, ie cpeAHara
TOgKa Ha nonalieHHe Aa ce pa3110JIO>XH npH6JIH3HTeJIHO B IjeHmmpa.
Ha JIHCTa. Pa3Mep-LT Ha xapTHSITa Tpt16Ba Aa npeBMiuaBa Ta6JIHg-
HaTa fJIOII; Ha pa3ce13Banero Ha AaAeHO pa3cTOHHHe. Or CTpeii6ara
HHe Hie noJlygHM npo6o13HH BT pxy xapTHsiTa, KOHTO nje 6-bAar
pa3noJIoHKJZa npH 6naronpHDTHH ,
yCJIOBHSI (yue6HH cTpen6H), K'bgeTO cHallneplICTHTe 6nxa Morin
Aa 143yuaT OCHOBHO BCHXIKH HaTrHHH 3a TOTIHa CTpen6a (pa3pelnaBa
ce ga ce H3non3yBa ynOP H T. H.).
HO-KT,CHO cHaltnepHCT'bT ce o6ygana 3a noAene Ha or-LH npH
CJIO>}HH YCJIOBHn, 6JIH3KH K'bM 6OIIHaTa AerICTBHTenHOCT (60r3HH
.CTpen6H). KOJIKOTO no-Ao6pe CHarlnepHCTbT 6,bRe o6yTIeH 3a
H3u'bnHeHHeTO Ha yue6HHTe cTpen6n, TOJIKOBa no-Ao6pe H no-
6T~p30 TOrl we ce npiicnoco6sina K'bM ycJIOBHSITa, 6n031-CH KTbM
6orrxaza o6cTaHOBxa.
Me pa3rnegaMe KaK CHaiinepocTTbT TpH6Ba ga ce r0TBH 3a
CTpen6a H Aa npOH3Be>Hga H3CTpen, 3a Aa AOCTHTHe OTnw-nia TOTIHOCT.
nOno>KeHHeTO 3a CTpen6a TpH6Ba Aa 6T,Ae yA06H0, yCTOrITIHBO,
Aa He npeAH3BHKBa HHKaKBO HaIipe>KeHHe, 3aIIWOTO caMO npH Te3n
YCJIOBH31 CHaAnepHCTT,T we cT,yMee no-AT,nro BpeMe ga OCTaHe Ha
C'bnwOTO nOJIo>KeHne, 6e3 ga ce H3MOp5IBa H ga BnOIIIaBa pe3ynTaTHTe
OT CTpen6aTa. loJIo>KeHHeTO Ha TAJIOTO, p"bLLeTe, KpaKaTa, rna-
BaTa, BHCOXIHHaTa Ha ynopa He MOraT ga 61 aT 3a BCHHKH cnar3-
nepHCTH egHaKBH. ToBa 3aBHCH OT p'ECTa, Tenocn0>KenneTo H'OT
Apyro xaglecTBa Ha cTpeneua.
CTpen6a c nyiuKa ce npoH3Be>KAa OT ITOJIOSKeHHe ne>xeIIIKOM,
Ha xonene, czoeluxoM H ce)eluxoM.
C T p en6aTa. ne>KenIK0M Harl-ueCTO ce npunara B
6o3i. To e Hari-yAo6Ha H ocnrypsina Hark-Ao6pa MacKHponxa Ha
cxarlnepncTa.
TiuloTo Ha cxaI3nepHCTa npH CTpen6a nexceluKOM 6e3 npOMSIHa
Ha ynopa (pnc. 26) 3a yAo6Ho npoMepnane Tpsi6Ba ga 6'bAe noA
MaJIbK brvn n0 OTHOnieHHe Ha HanpaBneHHeTO Ha I(enTa, xpaxaTa
pa3KpaLIeHH BCTpaHH, naKTHTe onpeHH B 3eM5ITa. Pa3CT031HHeTO
Me>KAy JIaKTHTe e OKOJIO 30-407 CM B 3aBHCHMOCT OT pT,CTa H TenO-
CJIO>KeHHeTO Ha CHaI3nepnCTa. H3JIHMHOTO A06nn>KaBaHe Ha naK-
THTe npaBH IIOJIO>KeHHeTO Ha opb>KneTo HeyCTOr3TIHB6, a TB-bpAe
ronsIMOTO'HM OTAaneueHHe egmH OT Apyr xapa cnaknepnCTa ga ce
npHTHCKa CHJIHO C rbpAHTe KbM 3eM3ITa, KOeTO 3aTpyAH3IBa AHIna-
HeTO yiy, OTCna6Ba ycTOfTIHBocTTa Ha prbueTe H He ocnrypsna
npaBHJIHO npHKnaABane. HyulxaTa go cpeAaza Ha rAeBTa TpsI6Ba
63
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
ga Jie>KH B'bpxy gJIaHTa Ha nnaaTa pia no-6JIH3o go roneMHSI
npT,CT, HO B HHxamT B CJIytiali He H BT,pxy npT,CTHTe. AKo ce IOCTaBH
nyiuKaTa BI~pxy np bCTHTe, TOBa HeH36excHo nee npegH3BHxa no-
CHJIHO Tpenepexe H xoJie6aHHe Ha p-bueTe H nymxaTa. Axo JIaKT TSIT
Ha n5IBaTa p &xa e MHOro HaJIHBO, HacTpaHH OT nyimxaTa, Tosa n;e
yBeJIHLIH xoJIe6aHHeTo Ha c-bigaTa H nje HanpaBH nOJIO>xeHHeTO i3
HeyCTOIh THBO.
Puc. 26. loJIo)KeHHe .ie>xetuxoM 3a crpen6a 6e3 ynop
Dr'bJrbT, KOI%ITO o6pa3yBa paMOTO H npeJ>;HaTa LIaCT Ha JISIBaTa
pT,xa, Tpx6Ba ga 6b a 6JIH3TLK go npaBHli. IIpH'brbJi, no-MaJrbx OT
900, HpeJTHaTa LiacT Ha pbi;Tp>xaHe Ha nyfxaTa B HenO,IZBH}KHO nOJIO>Ke-
HHe, BCJTegCTBHe Ha KOeTO MyCxyJIHTe Ha pTKaTa H3 IHTBaT roJI5iMo
Hanpe>xeHHe, a TOBa HeH36e>KHO BOJ;H go TperepeHe Ha p-bxaTa.
. IIpHKJia,1TT,T Ha nyinKaTa Tp316Ba ga 6i e HOCTaBCH C-bC cpeJlaTa
Ha 3aTHJi-bxa BT4DXy paMOTO. IIp1 cTHTe Ha J7SICHaTa pBKa Tpsi6Ba
6e3 HaHpe3KeHHe ga 06XBaigaT HIHi3KaTa Ha JIO>xaTa, KaTO cpegaTa
Ha nTipBaTa CTaBa Ha noKa3aJiega ce rIOCTaBH Bi,pXy CnyCxaTeJIHH$i
JIOCT, a c rOJIeMHSI HpT CT ce o6XBaii1a mHi3KaTa Ha ?JIO)-aTa HJIH CBO-
609HO ce H39pbrBa Hanpeg no ABJDKHHaTa Ha IIIHriKaTa Ha JIo-
i,KaTa.
IIpH cTpeni6a OT ynop (pnc. 27) e MHoro Ba>xao HpaBHJIHO ga
ce HariiacH BHCOUHHaTa Ha ynopa.
AKo ynoprT C HHCbK, CHaI3HepHCTT,T, npHCHOCO6nBai3KH ce KLM
Hero, we 6-b,Ae npHHygeH ga pa3TBOpH JIaHTHTe CH BCTpaHH, npH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
TOBa paMexe'e.ce pa3TBapxT K npI3x.liaA T ire ce gorrpan paMOrO
canto c ropHHil cii rsn (3aToBa KypHIyMBT U PH H3CTpeM me no
neTH HIicKO), a r'bpI(HTe npIi Tosa nono)xeFnle ire ne>xaT iia 3eM3ITa
H AiimaHeTO ce 3aTpyJHHBa.
IIpH BHCOK ynop CHaI3nepHCT'bT e npHHyReH ga ce nOHaAHra
npH npHMepBaHeTO, KaTO ce- OTK'bcBa C TSIJOTO OT 3eM3ITa; B TOBa
C'LcTOSIHne ce ry6H ycToI3LIHBOTO noJIo KeHHe Ha TSIJIOTO. x
Bic0*3HHaTa Ha\ ynopa Tpx6Ba ga 6-bAe TalcaBa, ue ga He ce
HapyulaBa npaBHJIHOTO nonoHKeHHe ga nOCTaBH. ynopa nog JjnaHTa Ha Ji$iBaTa, pbKa
t Taxa, me Tx'Ra Jlerxe Ha, ynopa.. Ho T03H HauHH,B 3aBHCHMOCT OT
A1n>KHHaTa Ha p-bl[eze Ha cxai rIepHCTa, Ce Ii36Hpa BlicogHHaTa Ha.
ynopa. .
YriOp'bT (tiHMoBe, -TOp6HUxa c1 c CT-bproTl3u i) CneuBa Ra ce
3axpenBa c KonueTa Taxa, me noJIO>xeHHeTO ? My ga He ce iI3MeHSI
npH npenanbJlsaxe Ha nylilxaTa. ToBa,e' MHorO Baxcxo npH 6&p3a
cTpen6a,- KoraTo HSIMa BpeMe, 3a nonpasslne Ha ynopa.
JIaKTHTe Ha ptiueTe' Tpx6Ba -Aa 6-bgaT B eAHa xopH3oHTanna
nnOCKOCT HJIH naKT,T$JT Ha AHCHaTa p-hKa.,3a n0-y) O6H0npeHanbn-
BaHe H R'bpnaxe Ha cnyc'bKa ga e ManKo nO-BHCOKO OT naKT,TH Ha
nsIBaTa p'bKa.
H a KoneHe 3a CTpen6a (pHc. 28) npHJlara ce B
6osi, xoraTo 1 enTa He ce,BH>Kga OT noJlo)KeHHe Jle> cellIxoM. Hpii
x xpax, CBHTO noBeue
TaxaBaCTpen6a 6egpoTo H KonxxoTO Ha neBsl
OT npaB 'brbn, Tp3i6Ba Ra 61, aT HacoxeHH npaBo xbM i;eJITa.
AecHHAT Kpax Tpx6Ba Aa ce noCTaBH C KOJI3IHOTO Ha 3eMHTa, flog
5 rlojroTosxa Ha cxalnepxcTa 65
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
UpaB LrT,JL. no nocoxa Ha I;eJITa, H ee cSIJIa Blp}Cy Toxa.`.JIaHT,THT
Ha' JIBBaTa pbKa ce oripa Ha mexaTa TIacT Ha xpaxa HJIH ce Cnyu;a
OT KOJIS1}IOTO. JTaKT,TSIT Ha g5ICHaTa pBKa Tp516Ba ga 6T,J.[e HagxCHO
H 3a nO- o pO npHKJIagBaHe H3gHTHaT Ha BHCOTHHaTa Ha 95ICHOTO
pamo HJIH MajIKo. IIO-HHcx0. IIpaBHJIaTa 3a 9tip>xaHe Ha nyulxaTa
c p&t;e ca c'bIl1HTe, KaKTO H IIpH JIe>KemIKOM 3a cTpen6a.
Puc. 28. IIonoxcexxe Ha xoneHe 3a cTpen6a
II O JI O H e e H H e T O c e R e,iu x o M 3a C T p e J1 6 a a no- -
ycTOI3iiHBO,_gOTKOJIKOTO Ha KOJIeHe 3a CTpeu16a.
3a CTpe116a ceueulxOM ce ciAa Ha 3eMSITa noIIyo6T,pHaT no OTHO-
HIeHHe Ha IjeuITa H 3ApaBO ce 3a6HBaT TOKOBeTe B. 3eMHTa; JIRBaTa
'psxa ce nocTaBSI Ha 6eJIpOTO Ha. JIeBHH Kpax H ce" xBau;a C Ta3H
pT,Ka nyiuxaTa ripen mara3HHHaTa K TH51; C ;I151CHaTa p7,Ka ce xBa11;a'
IIIHHxaTa Ha JIO>xaTa, a naxT,THT Ha pLxaTa. ce orHpa B 6eJlpoTo
Ha JjeCHH5I Kpax.
OCBeH T03H meTOJ; MO>Ke ga ce rIpHJIara H CJJe'HH51T: Hp- CTocBaT
ce xpaxaTa H ce noJ[rT,BaT TaKa, me CTTilI OTO Ha ? geCHHH xpax ga
MHHaBa McHCJIy 6eJ;poTO H nHn;SIJIa Ha JIeBH5I xpax, HJIH Taxa, LIe
CTT,nanoTo . Ha JIeBHR pax ga ?6,bRe nogrT,HaTo nog nHnI3IJ1a Ha
gecHHH xpax; JIaKTHTe, Ha pee ce onHpaT Ha xoJIeHeTe.
CToeUIKOM 3a cTpen6a (pHc. .29) ce. IlpHnara B
6O3i, xoraTo I(eJITa He MO>Ke ga ce BHJ;H OT JlpyrHTe , ,IIBe nono>Ke-
HHH. 06HKHOBeHO CTpeneg,. Ko13TO CTpeJB1 c o6pe ?CToemxom, oir e
no-go6pe cTpeuuS1 HPH BCHLIKH . Jjpyrx nouloxceHHSI. ao6pe Tpx6Ba
J;a Ce noMHH,, LIe KT,M noJIO>KeHHe CToe111xoM 3a cTpe116a MO>Ke ga ce
MHHe, KoraTo CHal3nepHCTT,T Han-bJIHO a yCBOHJI npaBHJIHOTO npH-
,66 ?
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IolepBaHe m npaBHnWOTO cnycxaHe. B npOTHBCH cnyuat BMeCTO
no 3a ce nonyHasa Bpega, 3aIgOTO HeonHTIIHRT cHatrlepHcT Hie
Rspria cnycbxa.
OT OIHTa Ha Hat-AO6pHTe cTpenuH ce BHxcRa, tie 3a nocTHrane
ma ronemn pe3ynzaTH B CTpe116aTa OT nono>KeHHe CToen1KOm OCB H
4 H3HTIeCKOTO 3axangBaxe (yKpern3aHe Ha paMeHHHSI nosIC, xopeM
HHTe MycxynH H MycxynHTe Ha p'bl;eTe) ce H3HCEBa e3KeJ.jxeBHa
CHCTeMHa TpeHHposxa B nOgrOTOBKaTa 3a npOH3Be>KZ(axe Ha H3-
cTperl.
npH CToemIKOM 3a CTpe116a THJIOTO Tp3i6Ba ga 6Bge 06vpHaTO
noJIynaARCxo HO OTHOIIeHHe Ha ueJITa. KpaxaTa Tpx6Ba ga 6'bgaT
pa3TBOpeHH Ha nIHpOTIHHa, KaKTO
e no-y9o6HO Ha cTpeneua, H Te-
)KeCTTa Ha TRJIOTO ga e pa3npe-
geneHa Ha RBaTa Icpalca; nax'bTHT
Ha nHBaTa pT~Ka ce npHTHCxa KBM
xi,n6oxa. npLCTHTe Ha 9LjHICHaTa
Fbxa, oCBeH noxa3aneL a, KO1TO
ce HaMHpa Ha cllyc7bKa, o6xBaajaT
IIIHI3xaTa Ha no>xaTa, a naxbTHT
OTHBa B951CHO H e BJ[HrxaT 6e3
Hanpe>KeHHe Ha BHCOLIHHaTa Ha
paMOTO HJIH ManKO nO-HHCKO,
KaKTO e IIO-yRo6HO. ToBa e Baxc-
HO, 3a ga ce ocHrypH npaBHJIHO
nonoweHHe Ha IIpHKnaga B pa-
MOTO H ce HarrpaBH nono>HeHHeT0
no-yCTOtTIHBO, OCBo6o>xgaBaT ce
r'bpgHTe OT HanHraHe H ce o6neK-
tIasa ZjHHIaneTO.
Cneg xaTO CHatilepHCTHTe Puc. 29. Honoxcexxe cToemxoM
TIpH906HHT HaBHIjH 3a npaBHJIHO 3a cTpe116a
nOJIO>KeHHe 3a CTpen6a, Tps16Ba ga ce HayxiaT HpaBHJIHO.Aa H3n0n-
3yBaT pa3nHTIHHTe yxpHTHR, ynopH, 6OiHHgH H T. H.
MHOro e Ba>KHO nO11o>KeHHeTo Ha OpLHKeHHe Ha opTb>KHeTO OT yriop HnH Ha p-bI[e IIpH BCHTIKII
H3CTpenH TO nonyTaaBa eJ;HaKBH xone6aHI3R.
I1pe3 Bpeme Ha cTpen6a cnatnepnCT'bT He TpH6Ba HHKOra ga
H3MeHR, Maxap H He3HauHTenxo, nOJIO>KeHHeTO Ha nRBaTa pbKa
Ripxcan;a opi>KHeTO, nono>KeHHeTO Ha Op b>xHeTO BbPXY ynop.e
.H TpR6Ba ga cna3Ba egHoo6pa3HOTO npHxna,L[Baxe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
3a npoBe>KRaxe Ha rpynnpana n Touna cTpen6a OCBeH npaBHJh
HaTa 110 roTOBxa 3a CTpen6a H npnxnagBane ce H3HCKBa npaBI3nxo
npHMepBane H nnaBHO cnycxane.
HenpaBnnaoTo npnmepBaxe e eAHa OT OCHoBHHTe rpeHiKH,
npH AonycxaxeTO Ha KOHTO e TpyAHO Aa ce ouaKBa Ao6pa rpynnpa-
HOCT H BLo611ze nona)eHHx B MnffieHaTa.
npH np1MepBaHe C OIITnueCKH MepHHK OKOTO ce rOCTaBSL
npnmepHO Ha 8 CM OT oxyn ipa no npoAbnxceHne Ha onTHlecxaza
OC Ha MepHHKa, B'bpX'bT Ha OCTpHeTO ce AOKapBa HOA TOLIKaTa Ha
MepeHeTO; CTpaHWLIHHTe H3paBHSIBanjn HHIIIKH Tp16Ba Aa 6T,Aar
pa3nOJ1O>KeHn XOpn30HTaJIHO; CHaRnepuCTT,T TpS16Ba Aa B1>KAa
L(SIJIOTO 3pHTeJIHO none Ha mepHxxa.
HpH 06HKHOBeH MepHHK npaBnnHO npHMepBaHe lue 6-bAe
npuBe>KAaHeTO Ha opT,xcneTO B TaKOBa nOJIO>KeHHe, npH KOeTo
BT,pXIT Ha MynlKaTa, Ko13TO ce npoeKTHpa Ha eAHaKBa BHCO'irHa C
KpanII;aTa Ha npope3a Ha MepHHKa n no CpeAaTa Ha T03H npope3,
ce Haco'iBa TO'IHO nOA AOJIHHSI xpaA Ha MnnleHaTa.
KOJIKOTO no-eAHOo6pa3HO 6sAe npIMepBaHeTO, TOJIKOBa no-
ToxiHa H n0-rpynnpaHa n;e 6-bAe cTpen6aTa npH ApyrH paBHH
yCJIOBHS1.
MHoro CTpeJI1n HMaT TaxOBa 3penne, xoeTo no3BOJIHBa Aa ce
nplMepBaT C OTBOpeHH OLI14 (6e3 3aMn>KaBaHe Ha eAHOTO OKO).
TaKGBa CTpeJILLH ca B HO-n3rOAHO nOJIO>KeHne OT CTpeJIIUITe, KOHTO
He MoraT Aa ce npI4MepBaT C OTBopeHH o nI. BceKn cnahnepncT
Tpx6Ba Aa npoBepH OtIMTe cn, aKO HMa TaxaBa BWMO>KHOCT; no-
Ao6pe e Aa cTpenx, 6e3 Aa 3aMHwaBa c ApyrOTO OKO. OKOH*iaTeJIHo
Mo>Ke Aa ce onpeAenH B'b3Mo>KHOCTTa 3a npHmepBane 6e3 3aMn>Ka-
Bane Ha eAHOTO OKO, xaTO ce npaKTnxyBa manxo Bpeme npHMepsane
C OTBOpeHH own.
3a Aa ce onpeAenn Hoe oxo ce SIBHBa HanpaBimBaII;o, B3eMa ce
nncT xapTHH, npasi ce B Hero Kp'brno OTBepCTHe c AnaMeTT~p
1,5-2 CM H KaTO ce B3eMe xapTHS1Ta B pi Ka, ce rneAa c ABeTe
ouH npe3 TOBa OTBepCTI4 B HSIxa1Ba To 1Ka, oTAaneuexa Ha 5-6 M.
CneA TOBa, 6e3 Aa ce ABH>K1 xapTHATa, ce 3aHpHBa JIHBOTO ORO.
AKO TO*ixaTa ce BH>KAa C ASICHOTO OKO, 3Ha'IH Y T03H CTpenei[ Ha-
npaBnxBaII;O OKO e ASICHOTO. AKO TOLIKaTa ce BHHCAa npn 3aTBO-
peHO ASICHO OKO, Han )aBnu1Bamo OKO e n5IBOTO. CTpeneIvi T, KO13TO
HMa HanpaBnSIBaII.wo J13IBO ORO, npn npnmepBaxe c ASICHOTO OKa
Tpx6Ba Aa 3aTBOpH JIIIBOTO.
CnnpaneTO Ha AHIIIaneTO HMa roJISIMO 3Hauexne 3a pe3ynTaTHTe
OT cTpen6aTa. AKo CHaIInepllMbT npe3 Bpeme Ha IlpnmepBaneT0 n
cnycKaHeTO He Cnnpa AHIIIaxeTO, Hen36e>KHO ige ce nOnytni r0JISIMa
pa3ceItaxe Ha xypnlyMHTe no MimenaTa, 3anLOTO OT ABH>KeHHeTO,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
xa TSIJIOTO npH RHIIIaneTO ce 3anlonsJBa caMOTO op-b)KHe. 3a ga ce
crape JjnIIIaHeTO, Heo6XOw Mo- e oTHagano ga ce BJjHH1a B'b3j;yX
c 1 T JIHH ri,pgH H ce H3IZHIina, Cnejj TOBa Onje eJ.jHH ImT ga ce BJjnma,
xaTO gaCT OT B-b3gyxa ce H3Jjrnla H ce crape J;HIIIaneTO, npHMepBa
ce H nnaBHo ce H3B'bplllsa cnycxaxeTO.
AKO CTpene4BT noHyBCTByBa npH Ha'Hcxane Ha cnyC'bxa, me
He MO>Ke noBege ga He gHUIa, Tps16Ba, 6e3 ga Hamann HaTHCxa Ha np b-
CTa Bwpxy cnyc'bHa HJ r (5e3 ga rO yBenHgasa, 3a ga He npon3Be)je
H3cTpen, ga noeme Jjibx, . Cneg Tosa OTHOBO ga ro crape H KaTO ce
npHmepBa TOLIHO, ga IIpOJj'bn>KH HaTHCxaHeTO Ha CnyC'bKa 90 npOH3-
Be>1 aHe Ha H3cTpen.
AKo e HeO6XOJjHMo ga ce npOH3BegaT HSIKOJIKO H3CTpena noJj-
peA B TeTIeHHe Ha MaJ1KH npOMe)KAYT'bIUH. OT BpeMe, CTpeneIj'bT
npaBH KBCH BZ[HIIIBaHHSI H H3JjHUIBaHH5I B npOMe>KJjyT'brMTe Me>xgy
B3CTpeJIHTe H npH npHMepBaHeTO CIIHpa JjHluaneTO . BBB BCeKH
MOMeHT Ha Z[HxaTeJIHHR nporec. ToBa Ce IIOCTHra C TpeHHpOBKa B
np}MepBaHeTO, CT4LIeTaHO C TpeHHpoBKaTa no cnycKaHeTO, KaTO
nOCTeneHHO ce c'bxpan asa BpeMeTO 3a H3n'bnHeHHe Ha Te3H JjeH-
CTBHSI.
CTpe116a no nosgBxBaujH ce reJIH
Ha citaI3nepHCTa B 6oH Ire, ce Hanara ga HMa pa6oTa He camo
c ManKH H 3aMacxHpaHH HenOJjBH>KHH rear, HO H c renH, nOSI-
BHBanjH ce 3a x-bco Bpeme. 3aTOBa TOR Tp516Ba ga ymee ga npoH3-
Be>ICJja H3cTpen B TBVp)je orpallHgeHo BpeMe.
CTpen6aTa, KaKTO 3HaeM, ce C'LCTOH OT H3n'bnHeHHeTO Ha cneJj-
HHTe JjeRHOCTH: nOJjrOTOBKa 3a CTpen6a (3aeMaHe 1OJIO>KeHHe 3a
CTpen6a, 3ape>KJjane H noCTassiHe Ha mepnnxa), npOH3BeH,teneHo 3a CTpe116a. IIpH TaKHBa.
CJIyLIaH 06HKHOBeHO KaTIeCTBOTO Ha CTpen6aTa e noiuo. TaKOBa
SIBneHHe e B'b3MO>KHO, KoraTO HaLHHaeIgHSIT CTpenei( o ue He ce e
HaytIHn ga pa3npegeJI BpeMeTO CH. 3aTOBa npH TpeHHposxa
npe3 Bpeme Ha CTpeJ16a c orpaHHLIeHO Bpeme ce npenop~Llsa npe3
3-4 cexyHZ[H ga ce o63IB3IBa BpemeTO, KaTO C ToBa ce npnyLiBa
o6yTIaBaHHrIT g a ro H3nOJI3yBa Han-bnHO npH H3I JIHeHHeTO Ha
Aageno ynpa>KIIeHHe. IIpH TOBa Tpn6Ba OCHOBHO ga ce c iegi3
xax o6yilasaHHHT pa3npegen5i onpegeneHOTo My Bpeme 3a 11p0H3-
Be>1iaHe Ha H3CTpen H nnaBHO cnycxane.
YnpaxcxeHHxTa 3a yue6HHTe CTpen6H Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe,
1POH3Be>Kj[aHH Ha pa3JIHLIHH pa3CT03IHH3I, HMaT 3a,uen ga 3an03-
HaHT O6yLIaBaHHTe c TpaeKTOpHHTe, ga rH HaytiaT ga HaMHpaT non-
paBKaTa npH B-bHIHHH yCJIOBHSI, a CbIWO Taxa ga nony.laT npaKTHKa
B CTpen6aTa no nOSIBSIBaa H ce IieJIH 3a orpaHHLIeHO BpeMe.
B 6on MoraT ga Bb3HHKHaT yCJIOBH5, npH KOHTO TpS16Ba ,qa
ce CTpenn no ijeJIH, nOSIBHJIH ce Ha pa3JIHLIHH pa3CT03IHHn, 6e3 ga
ce CMeHSI n0JIO>KeHHeTO Ha OHTHLIeCKHSI MepHHK, 3au oTO CHaI3ne-
PHCT'bT HnMa ga HMa pee 3a TOBa. qa pa3rnegaMe C npHMepi
KaKBO 3HatIeHHe HMa npeBHHIaBaHeTO Ha TpaeKTOpHSITa Hag JIHHH5ITi
Ha npHmepBane npH Te3H YCJIOBHSI Ha CTpe116a.
CHalunepHCTTbT e rOTOB 3a CTpen6a. IIOnoxceHHeTO Ha OHTHLIe-
CKHSI MepHHK e 3. Ha pa3CTOSIHHe oxono 300 At ce IIOHBSIBa npOTHB-
HHKOB ?CB'bp30LIHHK. CHalinepHCT-bT ce npHmepBa B ueHTT,pa Ha
ueJITa, npOH3Be>Kga H3CTpen H ueJITa e nopa3eHa. BSp3o npeHa-
HarrbnBa nyHlKaTa. IIpe3 TOBa BpeMe Ha pa3CTOSIHHe 350 M OTKpHBa
orl,H II OTHBHHKOBa KapTexIHHua. Ts TpsI6Ba ga ce H3BaRH OT
CTpOSI; HSIMa pee ga ce McCTH MepHHKTbT. KaTO 3Hae OT Ta6-
nHuaTa 3a npeBHIIlaBaHe Ha TpaeKTOpHSITa Hag nHHHSITa Ha npHMep-
BaHe, LIe npH CTpen6a c MepHHK 3 Ha pa3CTOnHHe 350 M TpaeK-
TOpHSITa me ce HaManH Ha 18 CM no OTHOnIeHHe TOLIKaTa Ha npHMep-
BaHe, CHaI%InepHCTT,T ce npHMepBa B rnaBaTa Ha eAHH OT xapTe-
LiapHTe; KypulyMT~T Tpx6Ba ga nonaAHe B r-bpJZHTe my.
IIOSIBSIBa ce o ue eAHa uen - npOTHBHHKOB Ha6rno aTen;
pa3CT031HHeTO go Hero e 200 M. IIO BHCOLIHHa ueJITa (rnaBeCTa (lH-
rypa) e 30 cM; npeBHIIIaBaHCTO Ha TpaeKTOPHSITa Hag JIHHHSITa Ha
MepeHeTO C MepHHK 3 Ha 200 M e paBHO Ha 19 CM. CHaI3nepHCTT,T
ce npHMepBa C npOCBeT, paBeH Ha 113 OT BHCOUnxaTa Ha JxenTa,
npOH3Be).Iga H3CTpen - ueJITa e nopa3eHa (pHc. 30).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
3a ga ce 3arlomr i no-go6pe rlpeBHnlaBaxeTo Ha TpaeKTOPHHTa
Hag JIHHHSITa Ha npKmepsane npH cTpen6a c MepHHK OT 2 go 6,
M0HKHeHI4e H aKO Tp3i6Ba, ga H3TIHCJIH nOnpaB-
KaTa.
CJIejj HpeMHHaBaHeTO Ha noco ieHHTe BbnpocH, BHaCHHeTO Ha
Heo6xoJ IIMHTe nonpaBKH H aHaJIH3a Ha HaIi-xapaKTepHHTe rpeIIIKH,
JJOlIyCHaTH OT e9HH HJIH Jjpyr cTpeJlelj, p'bKOBOJ[HTeJIHT MHHaBa KT,M
BTOpa cepHH CTpe116a.
KoraTO CTpeJ16aTa no mHnlexaTa BT,pxy IgHTa 3aBT,pIHH H CTpe-
nelaT,T J>;ocTHrxe rpynlpaxo pa3nono>KeHHe Ha npo6oi3HHTe H
roTieH OrLH, cJIeJjBa BegHara ga my ce gage npaKTHKa g a CTpeTTH
110 noHBHBau lH ce 3a orpaHlTdexo Bpeme IiejrH.
3a pa3JIHKa OT CTpej16aTa no MHHIeHa Ha IIJHT CTpe116aTa no
1IQBBBBai4a ce I;eJI ce BOJ[H B CbCTaB OT J;BOf3Ka cnafinepHCTH.
Ha.orneBHH py6exc Te ce npe9BI3>KBaT CKPHTO H ce pa3nonaraT
3aMacHHpaHO.
72
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
CHaI3nepHCT'bT-H3Tpe6HTen ce no rOTBSI 3a CTpen6a, a CHai rie-
pxCTBT-Ha6nioAaTen Ha6rogaBa paI30Ha, OTKBAeTO e BT,3MOHCHO
Aa Ce HOSIBH I;eJITa. npH nOSIBHBaHeTO Ha IAenTa CHaI3nepHCT-bT-
Ha6rno aTeJI 6Bp30 goKnagBa 3a TOBa Ha CHaIInepHCTa-H3Tpe6HTen,
a nocneAHHSTT, cneA KaTO ce nOSIBH LjeJITa, Han'bJIHO npOH3Be>KAa
H3CTpen H 6'bp3O npeHafBJIBa op-b>KHeTO.
Ti, KaTO ynpa>KHeHHeTO HMa yue6eH xapaKTep, pe3yJITaTBT OT
H3CTpena ce cBo6nnaBa Ha CHaI3nepHCTa-H3Tpe6HTen, aKo e Heo6-
xOAHMO, 3a Aa BHece gOn'bJIHHTeJIHH noriparKH B MepHHKa HJIH
Aa H3MeHH MepHaTa TOLIKa.
OneBHAHo e, Lie cTpen6aza c 6oeH naTpoH Tpx6Ba Aa ce npeAlue-
CTByBa OT O6MHCnena, Ao6pe opraHH3Hpana TpexnpoBKa.
CTpen6a no ABH>Ke w H ce TxeJIH
CTpen6aTa no ABH>KeUZH ce iienH e Haf3-CJIO>KHH3IT BHA cTpen6a.
CJIO>KHOCTTa ce 3aKniotIaBa B cnegHOTO: ocBeH onpeAenHHeTO
pa3cT031HHeTO AO I;enTa e Heo6xOAHMO Aa ce oupeAeim cxopocTTa H
H 13anpaBneHHeTO Ha ABH>KeHHeTO, a Taxa CBii(O Aa ce OTLIeTaT
HanpasneHneTO H CHnaTa Ha BHT-bpa. ToBa e Heo6xOAHMO, 3a Aa ce
,OTLIeTe BeJIHLIHHaTa Ha nonpaBxaTa. YmeHueTo Aa ce nopa3H ABH-
SKeMaTa ce i1en c n-bpsHnl H3CTpen ce nocTHra C npoA7,nHRHTenuO
o6yLIeHHe H nOCTOSiHHa TpeHHpoBKa.
CBITneCTByBa HaLIHH 3a 143LIaHBaHe Ha r eJITa. TOI3 ce 3aKnK)LIaBa
B CneJHOTO: Me K y MSICTOTO Ha IOHB5IBaHe Ha T;eJITa H MSICTOTO,
I(BAeTO'ce npeAHOnara CKpHBaHeTO k, ce Ha6en5I3Ba Tbtixa Ha MccT-
HOCTTa, B KOHTO CHaI3nepHCTBT OT no-paHO ce npHMepBa. KoraTO
i eJITa HABa AO H36paHaTa TOziKa Ha BeJIHLIHHaTa Ha H311peBap-
BaHeTO, npOH3Be>KAa ce H3CTpen. To3H Hatn3H Tpc16Ba Aa ce npH3Hae
xaTO He ocTaTBLino ecpeKTeH 3a TOiixaTa CHalinepOBa cTpen6a,
3an(OTO npH Te3H YCJIOBH31 CTpeJIHIAHSIT OT cTpax, ue iienTa iue ce
cxpHe 3a,A yKpHTHeTO, BMeCTO nnaBHO CnycKaHe 3anOXIBa Aa ABpna
cnycKaTeJTHHSi JIOCT.
BTOpHBT Ha*3HH 3a CTpen6a no ABH>KeuAH ce i enH e cBnpoBOnC-
,i aHeTO Ha ILeJTa c opB>KHe.
Aa BHAHM B H HBO ce CBCTOH CBnpOBO>KAaHeTO Ha ijeJITa c
opB>KHe H xaK npauTHUecHH ce npaBH. 3a no-necno Me ce ycnoBHM,
me cnalinepHCTBT c HOMOI1;Ta Ha cTpaHHLIHHTe nonpaB}H BHacH
Heo6xOAHMOTO H31IpeBapsane Ha ABH>Keu aTa ce T;en H ce npHMepBa
B IAeHTBpa Ha i;enTa HJIH rio HeH (B 3aBHCHMOCT OT yCJIOBH$iTa).
IIpH nouBSIBaHe-Ha L(eJITa cxaimnepHCTBT, KaTO ce npHMepBa, McCTH
JIHHHHTa Ha npHMepBane CBOTBeTHO C ABH>KeHueTo Ha geJITa H CneAH
3a TOLIHOCTTa Ha npHMepBaHeTO, KaTO eAHOBpeMeHHO C TOBa nnaBHO
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
HaTHCxa cnycxaTeJIHHH ROOT. IIpH cTpen6a 6e3 ynop no-Ao6pe cc
nocTHra paBHoMepHO CTinpOBO>KJjaHe Ha gBH3KengaTa cc ijen.
IIpH cTpen6a c yriop nymicaTa cc JjBH>KH Ha CKOKOBe npH cT~npo-
BOHfJjaHe Ha rjeJITa, KOeTO 3aTpyAH3lBa TOLIHHH H3CTpe.I.
OTTIHTane n3npeBapBaneTO npH CTpeJI6a no J[BnxceIyn
cc Rear. 3aBHCHMOCTTa Ha H3npeBapBaHeTO (S) npH JjBH>KeHHe
Ha IjeJITa nog T,r7,JI 900 x'bM n. ocHocTTa Ha CTpeii6aTa OT BpeMeTO
Ha JIeTeHeTO Ha KypuIIyMa go IjeJITa H CKOpOCTTa Ha 9BH>KeHHeTO
Ha IjeJITa cc H3pa35iBa TaKa:
S=tv,
KT,geTO t - BpeMeTO Ha JIeTeHeTO Ha KyplnyMa go rjeJITa;
V -- CKOPOCTTa Ha JjBH>KeHHeTO Ha IjeJITa.
BpeMeTO Ha JIeTeHeTO Ha KypwyMa e JjageHO B Ta6JIHIja 8.
Ta6iiai a 8
100
0.11
400
0.57
200
0.25
500
0.76
300
0.40
600
0.97
IIpaMep. Pa3cTo maeTo Ao Aenxa e 300
e 3 M/cex. Aa ce aaMepa HanpeaapBaaeTo.
Penleaae:
M, cxopoerra Ha ABaaceaaeTO i
S=0,40x3=1,2 M.
Tom e BeMHLIHHaTa Ha H3npesapsaxeTO. 3a OTtIHTaxe BeJIH-
LIHHaTa Ha H3npeBapBaneTO cc npenopTbgBa Cne?jnoTO npaBHno.
IIpH cTpen6a Ha pa3CTOHHHe go 500 M, BKnIOtIHTenxo rio Ijen,
JjBH>Kenja cc cSc cxopoCT 3 M/cex nog srT,n 900 K'bM nnoCKoCTTa
Ha cTpen6aTa, H3npeBapnaxezo BbB cpHrypH (4 rypaTa e IIIHpoica
50 cm) a paBHO Ha n'bpaaTa IjHCppa OT pa3CTOxxxeTO Ha cTpen-
6aTa MHHYC 0,5.
IIpaMep. Aa npoBepaM ToBa npaaano c upnBeAeaax no-rope npHMep,
pemeao c noMou ra Ha Ta6nnIAaTa:
3-0,5=2,5 4irypa;
2,5 x 50 cM=125 cM (no Ta6nnI aTa 120 cM).
IIpH cTpen6a Ha 600 H 700 M H3npeBapBaHCTO BbB 4)HrypH
e paBHO Ha n'LpnaTa Iji44 pa OT pa3CTO3ixxeTO Ha cTpen6aTa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpuMep. Pa3CTOMIHexo go uenTa e 600 M, cxopocTTa Ha ABHHIcelua ce gen:
1. H3HacgHe Ha mepHaTa TogIxa. KaTo ce oTqeTe
BenHLIHHaTa Ha H3npeBapBane BbB (bnrypH, Aa ce Hanece mHCneHO
me>H y ue=bpa Ha genza H Bbpxa Ha OCTPH TO Heo6XoAHMOTo
HonHtI CTBO (pHrypH (xaTO ce H3non3yBa Ha6nloijaBaxaTa uen H
xaTO Hmame rlpegBHA, ue KOJIKOT~O ueirTa e no-Aanege, Tonxosa
T31 H3rne>lcga IIO-mania) H ce npnJpyxcaBa L enTa c op'bxcHeTO,
cna3BaI3KH B3eTOTO H3npepapBaxe.
2. OnpegenSIHe H3npeBapBaHeTO c IOMOI1 Ta Ha
mexaHH3ma 3a CTpaHHxiHH nonpaBnH. Aa npeAnono-
>xHM, qe pa3CTOHHneTO Ha cTpen6aTa e 200 At, CKOpOCTTa Ha
r enza e 3 M/cex, L1enTa ce ABH>KH OT AHCHO Ha n$IBO. BennunxaTa
Ha H3npeBapBaneTO - e paBHa Ha 2-0,5=1,5 4>HrypM Hnx.
'1,5X50=75 cm. Ha eAHO AeneHHe OT cxanaTa Ha cTpaHH'qHOTO
6apa6anqe na 200 M ozrosapg 20 cm; B AageHHH cjiytlai3 Hmame
75 cm. 3Ja HamepHm c xOnKO AeneHHH TpsI6Ba ga ce 3aB'bpT14 6a-
pa6aHHe'ro:.
75:20=3,75 geneHHH.
IlenTa ce gBH>ICH OT g1CHO Ha n5IBO, H3npesapsaneTO ce B3ema
B cTpaxaTa Ha ABH>xeHHeTO, T. e. cnopeg HaIIIHni npHmep HansISO.
CneAoBaTenHo, xaTO ce 3aB'bpTn CTpaHHLIHOTO 6apa6aHLIe I bm MH-
Hyca c 3,75 AeneHHs, Iue m0>xe Aa ce npHmepHM B 11eHTT~pa HnH
nog "i;enza.
B cnyuaHTe, xoraTO Tpx6Ba ga ce onipegensl H3npesapsaneTO,
ABn neigaTa ce Llen ce npHgpy>xana c gBHHxeHHeTO Ha op'b)RHeTO,
xaTO cbsnaga BTapXTaT Ha OCTpHeTO c mepHaTa TOLIxa.
3 a 6 e n e m K a. 1. IIpH ABHHCeHHe Ha uenTa nOA T,rnHTe 450, 1350, 2250-
H 3150 H3npeBapBaHeTO TpH6Ba Aa ce HaMa= ABOAHO B cpaBHeHHe c ABH-
HceHHeTo HOA brbn 900.
2. flpaBHnoTO 3a onpeAesaHe BenHUHHaTa Ha H3HpeBapBaHeTO MOHce Aa.
ce H3non3ysa, npH yCJIOBHe lie cxopocTTa Ha ABHBCeHHeTO Ha uenTa e 3 M/cex..
Aco CKOpOCTTa Ha ABH)KeHxeTO Ha uenTa e Apyra, BenHgHHaTa Ha H3npeBap-
BaHeTO TpH6Ba CbOTBeTHO (nponopluoHanHo) Aa ce H3MeHH.
BJIHSIHHe Ha CTpaHHXIHHR B$ITbp H gepHBauH-
f1Ta Ha-BenHLIHHaTa Ha H3npeBapBaHeTO. LIecfoceHa-
nara ga ce CTpen5I no ABHxceigH ce r eni, xoraTO Hma cTpaHHLIeH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
-saT'bp. 31CHO e, tie CHaI3nepHCT bT IIpn Te3H yCJIOBHSI TpH6Ba ga
pemH He egHa 3aJ.jatIa, a TpH:
1) jja HamepH BeiiHLIHHaTa Ha nonpasxaTa Ha B31Thpa;
2) ga HamepH 'BenHUHHaTa Ha H3npeBapBaxexo Ha gBH>KenjaTa
?ce 1jeii;
3) ga HanpaBH paBH0CMeTKa Ha Te3H BeJIHUHHH HJIH ga H3Ba) 1
egHaTa OT gpyraTa.
Korazo HanpasneHHeTO Ha JjBH>KeHHeTO Ha LjenTa cl,Bnaga c
HanpasneHHeTO Ha BSITT,pa, OT BeJHUHHaTa Ha H3npesapBaxeTO
'Tps16Ba ga ce H3BagH nonpasxaTa npH BHT-bp.
IIpHMep. Pa3cronHHeTo Ha cTpen6aTa e 300 M, IlenTa ce gBHxcn OT nHBO
Ha gHCHO nog brbn 90? CbC CKOpOCT 3 M/cex. B ToBa HanpaBneane H nog
-T03H 'brbn gyxa cnneH B5T'bp.
143npeBapBaHCTO Ha JBHH(eHHeTO Ha ue=a e paBHO Ha 3-0,5=2,5 4iH-
rypH (125 CM) KbM CTpaHaTa Ha gBHHCeHHCTO Ha uenTa (BagHCHO).
BennenxaTa Ha nonpasxaTa Ha yMepeH BRTbp e paBHa Ha 3x3=9;
9 x 3 - 27 cm, a na cHneH B1Tbp gBa nTTH nosene, T. e. 54 CM, cpen;y BBrbpa
.(HanaBO).
rlo TaxbB HaUIHH Tpn6Ba OT no-ronsMaTa Benr'IHHa ga ce HsBagH no-Man-
xaTa H H3HacRHeTO Ha Mepnara TOi1Ka ga crane KBm CTpaHaTa Ha rommaTa
-BeJIHRHHa: 125-54=71 cM KbM cxpasaxa Ha gBHxcexneTO Ha uenTa.
KoraTO HanpaBneHHeTO Ha ABH>1CeHHeTO Ha 1jeJITa e npoTHBO-
nOJ1OHCHO Ha Hanpaanexnezo Ha BSTT-bpa, Tps16Ba ICBM H3npeBap-
BaHeTO Ha J;BH>KeHHeTO Ha IjeJITa ga ce npH6aBH nonpasxaTa Ha
BHTbpa.
gpHMep. Pa3cTOnnneTo Ha CTpen6aTa e 200 At, uenTa ce JBHHCH OT 315180
Ha >;acno nog brbn 90? Cbc CKOPOCT 1,5 M/cex. B51TbpbT e yMepex, gyxa nog
-brbn 90?, OTgECHO.
M3npeaapBaneTO Ha gBH)ICeHHeTO Ha ueirra npH CICOPOCT Ha uenxa 3 M/cex
-e panxo Ha 2-0,5=1,5 cnHrypH. CnegoBaTeJ1Ho npH CKOpOCT Ha ABHxceHH TO
Ha uenTa 1,5 M/cex H3npeBapBaneTo e panxo Ha 1,5:2=3/4 cpnrypH HfH 37 cM
KT>M CTpanaTa Ha )BHHCeHHeTO Ha uenTa (Hagacno).
IIonpasxaxa Ha B$Tbpa e paBHa Ha 2 x 2=4; 4 x 3=12 CM.
110 TaKbB HaMHH H3npeBap8axeTO gBHH(eHHCTO Ha gejrra H nonpasxaTa Ha
BHTbpa no nocom He CbBnagaT H Te Tp516Ba ga ce cymnpaT. O6MaTa no-
npaBKa e paBHa Ha 37+12=49 cm (egna cpHrypa).
npH CTpen6a no RBHxceLLjH ce LjeJIH Ha ronemH pa3CTO31HHS1
TpJI6Ba ga Ce OTUI4Ta BJIHHHHeTO Ha JjepHBaljH5ITa (OTKJIOHeHHeTO),
3a xOeTO ce H3Ba>KJja BeJIHXIHHaTa Ha OTHJ OH HHeTO OT BenHUHHaTa
Ha H3npeBapBaxeTO Ha RBH>ICenjaTa ce Ljen npH gBH>KeHHe OT
JI5BO Ha 951CHO H ce CB6HpaT JjBeTe BenHUnHH npH gBHHCeHHe
Ha L CJITa OT Jj5CHO Ha n5BO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIo pa3SIBaHe Ha i;an'H IIpH no ma BHAHMO CT
CBeTnHHHaTa cHna Ha OIITHLIecxH$I MepHHK Ho3BomIHBa ga ce-
BOJLH orbH CbC CHai3HepoBa nyulKa B yCJIOBH51, IIpH KOHTO e He7
B'b3MO>KHO CTpensIHeTO c HyHIKa c 06HKHOBeH MepHHK.
O6aue H HpH CTpen6a C OIITHLIecKH MepHHK CTeHeHTa Ha ocBe-
TSIBaHe Ha geJIHTe OKa3Ba BJIHAHHe BT,pXy TOLIHOCTTa Ha npHMep-
BaHeTO, a B H5iKOH Cny4aH H Ha B'b3MO>KHOCTTa 3a BOgeHe Ha HpH-
MepeH orbH BBo6ge.
B nyHHa HOM TpeHHpaHHSIT CHaKuepHCT MO>Ke ga BOAH IIpHMe--
peH or-bH Ha pa3CTOHHHe go 150 M, KOeTO e CbBCCM HeBT,3MO>KHO-
c IIyuIKa 6e3 OIITHtlecKH MepHHK. B'b3MOSKHOCTTa 3a BOgCHe Ha IIpH-
MepeH OI'TTH no manxH 1 eJIH B 3Apali H Ha pa3c'bMBaHe yBeJnI aBa
3HaLIeHHeTO Ha cxaYh1epoB14H oriiH. ToBa KaueCTBO Ha onTHUecHHSI
MepHHK TpH6Ba ga 6 b e H3HOn3yBaHO HanSJIHO IIpH 60ItHa o6CTa-
HoBKa, a CneJ>;OBaTenHO o6yueHHeTO Ha CHaI3IIepHCTHTe ga CTpenRT-
HpH orpaHHLIeHa BH) HMOCT Tp316Ba IIIHpOKO ga ce npHnara B o6u aTa.
cHCTCMa Ha o6yTIeHHeTO HM.
CTPEJIKOBH YIIPAM(HEHHA
110 Bpeme Ha ynpaHCHeHHSI 3a H3pa6oTBaxe H 3aTB'bpAHBaxe
HaBHIjHTe 3a BOJ CHe Ha Or-bH MHOrOKpaTHO ce IIOBTap5LT Te3H geH-
CTBH$I, KOHTO OCHryp$IBaT TOLIHHSI H3cTpen. CTpeJIKOBHTC yHpa>K-
HeHH51 Ce IIpOBe>KI;aT C'JC HMH 6e3 cTpeii6a.
YHpa>KHeHHH 6 e 3 c T p e i i 6 a . IIpH IIOCTOHHHa Tpe--
HHpOBKa ce HOCTHra aBTOMaTHThM HpH H3HT,MHCHHe Ha gei3CTBHSITa
H ce H3pa6OTBaT HaBHI;H 3a T$IXHOTO 6bp30 H IIpaBHJIHO H3IIThn--
HeHHe.
IIopauH TOBa q e cTpen6aTa e CnoxceH Hpo1 ec, ce npOBe>KAaT
ynpa>KHeHHSI 6e3 CTpen6a. LO npOH3Be>Kgaxe Ha H3cTpena CHaji
HepHCTVT orpegenx pa3CTO3IHHeTO go uenTa, IlocTaB5i MepHHKa,
naim i a opb>KHeTO, HpHmepBa ce H H3BBpIIIBa cIIycxaxezo. B
MOMeHTa Ha CaMH$i H3CTpen CHaI-IHepHCT-bT ige iIOLIyBCTByBa camo
pHTaHe H u[e iye 3ByKa Ha H3CTpena. KaKTO BH>KgaMe, noBe -1eTO
OT J elCTBHHTa IIpH CTpen6a CHaAnepHCT'bT H3H'LMHSIBa go HpOH3--
BexcgaHeTO Ha CaMHSI H3cTpen.
3HagIeHHeTO Ha TpCHHpOBKaTa ce BH>KJ(a HanpHMep B pa6OTaTa
C HaiIHHaeJllH$I CTpeneu, HOI3TO, BMeCTO BeAHara ga XBaHe yBepeHO
phKOXBaTKaTa Ha 3aTBopa, OTHauano Si pa3rne>KJja c OXIH, HpaBH.
HCHy>KHH RBH>KeHHSI, O6MHCJDI KaKBO H Koe no-HarIpeL ga H3-
B'bpIIIH H T. H. Cneg CT,OTBCTHa TpeHHpOBKa cTpenel;bT HpHgO6HBa
HCO6XOAHMHTe HaBHIIH H 1J3H'bnHABa TjeACTBHHTa 6T~p30 H npa
BHJIHO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpe3 Bpeme Ha cTpenxoBa TpeHHpoBxa ce OTgHTa BCHKa ce-
KyHga, TOLIHO ce npecm5ITaT H paILHOHanxo ce pa3npe,i[enrIT BCHTIKH
ABH>KeHHH. TpeHHpoBxa 3a 6 bp3O ' H3r bJIHeHHe Ha ) eACTBHSITa ce
H3B bpmBa oTHagano no eneMeHTH (r o rOTOBKa, nocTaBSIHe Ha
Mepxnxa H mepHOTO OCTpxe, HanbnBaHe, HacOLIBaHe H T. H.).
CneA TOBa B 3aBHCHMOCT OT H3nTinxeHHeTO Ha enemeHTHTe Te ce
KOM6HHHpaT, AOKaTO ce nonytgH eAHO I131JIOCTHO H3nT JIHeHHe Ha
AeiCTBHeTO.
1Tbp3HHa H TOLIHOCT ce H3HCKBa npH H3rrbnHeHHeTO Ha OTAen-
HHTe eneMeHTH B&B BCHiIKH AeHCTBHH, CB-bp3aHH CT,C CTpen6aTa.
TpH6Ba1 Aa yMeHT 67,p3O Aa onpeAeJ T pa3CTOHHHeTO AO IIeJITa,
Aa HaMHpaT C'bIgO Heo6xo HMHH MepHHK (IAen) H mepHaTa TOiiKa,
OTLIHTaAKH B bHIIIHHTe yCJIOBHH, KOHTO OKa3BaT BJIHHHHe Ha neTe-
HeTO Ha KypinyMa. Te3H HaBHI(H ce H3pa6OTBaT LIpe3 CHCTeMHa
TpeHHpoBxa 6e3 cTpen6a.
YIIpa>KHeHHH CS c cTpen6a. Ynpa>KHeHHHTa cic
cTpen6a ca HaI3-Ba>KHaTa pa6oTa B noJjrOTOBxaTa Ha cnaYInepHCTa.
C THXHOTO H3n"bnHeHHe Ce 3aTBbpAHBaT no-paHO H3pa6OTeHHTe
HaBHI(H.
IIpH npoBe>KAaHe ynpa>KHeHHH c'bc cTpen6a cnaAnepHCT-bT CH
Aana ncna CMeTKa KaiBO e nocTHrnan; TOR H3ygaBa 6oH Ha CBOHTa
nyIIIxa, npHj[o6HBa HaBMIAH H ymeHHe Aa J(eftCTByBa npaBHJIHO c
opT>>KHeTO H IIpH60pHTe.
HaI3-roJIHMO 3HaLIeHHe HMaT B TOBa OTHOIHeHHe yKa3aHH3ITa Ha
xomaHAHpa, KOI1TO OI[eHHBa nOCTHTHaTHTe pe3yJITaTH H nOCTaBH
Ha cHaI3nepHCTa 3aAagH 3a Cne9Ban;HTe ynpa>KHeHHH.O6agge H cam
CHaI3nepHCTBT TpH6Ba Aa MO>Ke Aa o1[eHHBa Co6CTBeHHTe nOCTH>Ke-
HHH H HeAOCTaT-bIjH, KoeTO e HaI3-Ba>KHO yCJIOBHe 3a ycnenIHaTa my
nOArOTOBKa.
Pa36Hpa ce, B ynpa>KHeHHHTa 6e3 cTpen6a H CLC cTpen6a ce
H3pa6oTBaT HaBHI;H He camo 3a 6Bp30 H31TbnHeHHe Ha Ae1 CTBHHTa
(aBTOMaTH3-bM), HO H ApyrH HaBHUH, HeO6XOAHMH 3a TOLIHaTa
cTpe116a (npaBHJIHO H eAHoo6pa3Ho npHKnaABaHe, npHMepBaHe,
TInaBHOCT npH cHycKaHeTO, pa3TTeT Ha BpeMeTO, onpeAeneao 3a
cTpen6a, H AP.).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
HABJIIOJLEHHE H OIIPE)JEJI$IHE HA PA3CTO$IHH3I.
MACKHPOBKA. CHAI3HEPOBH HO3HIXHH
HABJIIOREHHE
I(emi Ha cnajlepxcTa
Ha6niogeHHeTO 3a cxaI3nepHCTa e H3xyCTBO ga BH>Kga ToBa,
xoeTO o6HKHoBeHHSIT cTpeneJ MO>xe ga He 3a(5ene>KH. Pa36Hpa ce,
He BCHLIKH IjenH, HOHTO BH>HAa CHaI3nepHCTST B 6031, ca ,HerOBH"
ijenH. OT r0Ji5IMHSI 6poI3 geJIH TOR Tps16Ba ga H36Hpa ,CBOHTe"
H ga rH nopa3xsa.
ueJIHTe Ha cxaI3nepHCTa ca cne) HHTe: o4n ljepH, Ha6nIo aTenH,
KapTexiapH, CHal3nepHCTH, CB'bp30xlHHllH, BOHHHIjH OT op-bAeK-
HHTe H MI4HOMeTHHTe pa3ueTH Ha npOTHBHHKa H T. H.
B 6osI Moxce ga ce CnyLIH 3a no-Ijenec bo6pa3HO ga ce cTpeji i
OTHatiano B HpOTHBHHKOBHH BOIIHHK, a c ieA TOBa Be=ie B oC)H-
ijepa, HanpHMep axo TO3H BOrIHHK 3aCTpaiuaBa HeuocpeACTBeHO >KH-
BOTa Ha caMHSi CHaiinepHCT HJIH xoMaHJ.jHpa my. 3aTOBa cHaI3ne-
PHCT-bT e AnTb>xeH ga 3a6enH3Ba HaI3-rnaBHHTe 06eKTH B 6Oi HOTO
none H 6bp30 ga B3eMa peineHHe KOH OT TSIX Tp5i6Ba Hai3-Hanpel;
ga 6,bAaT yHHHjO>HeHH.
Zja OTxpnein npOTHBHHK He e nexo; OCO6eHO B ycnoBHSITa Ha
3aKpeneH 4JPOHT. IIpH Te3H ycnoBHH"p5AKO ce nOKa3BaT manKH
. rpynH, H31IOn3yBaT ce KbCH npe6firBaHHfi, npeIrbn3SIBaT OT eAHO
3axpHTHe go ApyrO, xaTO H3non3yBaT I1HpOKO cpegCTBaTa 3a mac-
KHpoBxa. B Hai3-,Ijo6px3i CnyLiali TyK-Table OT HHKOe 3aKP14THe Mo>Ke
ga ce nOKaHCe LIacT OT rnaBa, H TO 3a manKO Bpeme.
CHaIhIIepHCT'bT TP316Ba ga ymee ga Hamiipa 6Bp30 Hai -Ba>KHHTe
IjenH H BeAHara ga rH yHHlljo>KaBa. 3a Haft-Ao6po H3nbnxeHHe Ha
Ta3H 3aAa'ia TOR H3nOJI3yBa OHTHLIeCKH npH6opH: 614H0KBJI, ne-
pHCKOn, OHTHTieCKH McPHHK. IIpH Ha&Ilo aBaHe H T'bpceHe Ha
IjeJIH CHaIIHepHCT-bT H3HOJ13YBa T03H OHTHTIeCKH rIpH6op, KOi3TO e
Hai3-npHJIO>HHM B AaAeHaTa o6CTaHOBKa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
YMeHHeTO Aa ce Ha6rogaBa ce noCTHra c o6yiieHHe H TpeHH-
poBxa, npoBexcgaHH e>KeAHeBHo, a He OT BpeMe Ha BpeMe.
OTJIHgHOTO 3peHHe H OTJIHLIHHSIT CJIyX ca 3aATwDKHTeJIHH Ka-
LIeCTBa Ha CHaxnepHCTa.
CHJIHO 3peHHe, CJIyX H Ha6mogaTenHOCT ce nOCTHra CT,c CTporo
06MHCJIeHO CHCTeMHO o6yueHHe H IIpO bJDKHTeJIna TpeHHpoBKa.
11pH3HaIjH, HO KOHTO ce oupegeJia igeJlTa
YMeHHeTO Aa ce BH>xga TOBa, KOeTO He 3a6eJISI3Ba HenpHBHK-
HaJIOTO OKO, go ronnHMa CTeneH 3aBHCH OT nO3HaBaHeTO Ha TaKTH-
4IeCKHTe CII0006H, nOBegeHHe H npHBHLIKH Ha IIpOTHBHHKa Ha 60H-
HOTO nojie.
IIpH 3aKpeneH cIpOHT e BaWHO Aa ce 3Hae HanpHMep xora a
KI,Ae B pa3noIIo>KeHHero Ha npoTHBHHKa ca BID3MO)XHH KaKBHT&
H Aa ca HeroBH ABH>KeHHSI, Rota H KT,Ae ce H3BTipIIIBaT OT6paHH-
TeJIHH pa6OTH H T. H.
OnHTHHHT CHaHnepHCT e BHHarH yBepeH, me B onpegeneHP
BpeMe H Ha onpegeJleHO MOCTO nje MO>Ke ga OTKpHe npOTHBHHKa.
IIpOTHBHHK-bT He CTOH Heno BH>KeH, HerOBHTe BOAHHI1H XO-
A5IT 3a npOAOBOJICTBHe, 3a BOAa, Ha IOCT, Ha pa6oTa H T. H. IIpa.
.BH>KeHHeTO CH Te O6pa3yBaT nvTeKH, npoxapBaT IISTHnja. TOBa
BMa rOJISJMO 3Ha'IeHHe 3a CHainepHCTa. TOR nje nOJIytrn OT KoMaH-
jHpa CH Hai-HOBaTa aepo4)OTOCHHMKa Ha CBOH ytlaCT-bK H cnieg
TOBa nje yTOLIHH Ha McCTHOCTTa He CaMO nOCOKaTa Ha IThTeKaTa
HJIH M MI, HO H BpeMeTO Ha ABH)KeHHeTO HO THX. TaKa HanpHMep
n0 n'bTeKHTe, KOHTO BOART K'M BOAOXpaHHJIHH(aTa (e3epa, pymeH,
peKH, JIMH OT CHapslgH), npOTHBHHKTaT MHHaBa O6HKHOBeHo paao
CyT HH HJIH B 3Apau. KaTo ce 3Hae TOBa, Mo>Ke Aa ce H36epe He
caMO MSICTO, HO H BpeMe 3a 6e3norpeIIIHO nopa3ABaHe Ha IjeJITa.
IIpH HacTTmaTeJIHHx 60I3, B nepHOZja Ha apTHJIepHI3cxaTa nog-
rOTOBKa, Ha6JHOAeHHeTO e 3azpyAHexO OT excnnO3HHTe Ha HaUIHTe
CHapsIAH, HO CJIeg ToBa, xoraTO HaIHHTe CTpenxoBH LIaCTH ce npe-
ABH>KaT B AT,JI60UHHaTa Ha OT6paxaTa Ha npoTHBHHKa, ce Ha6ro-
AaBa 3HauHTenxo no-necno nopaAH nO-cna6aTa MaCKHpOBKa Ha
npoTHBHHKa.
C'bIIjeCTByBaT I(SIJI peg B-bHIHHH npH3HaIjH 3a OTKpHBane Ije-
JIHTe OT cxalhIepx0THTe Ha 601RHOTO none. JIa IXpHBegeM HSIKOJIKo
npHMepa.
Ha6IIogaTeneH HyHKT. Ha6JIK)gaTeJIHHOT nyHKT Ha npOTHB-
HHxa He Tps16Ba ga ce TI,pCH Ha BCeKH ytlaCT H OT McCTHOCTTa.
rI'bpBOTO, KoeTO Tp516Ba ga ce peiuH, TOBa e KI ge Ha gageH ytiaCTT K
OT McCTHOCTTa e B b3MOOKHMa 3HMHO
BpeMe) HJIH aM6pa3ypa; rnaBH Ha IIPOTHBHHKOBH BOi HHLjH, oTep-
TaBaujH ce BBpXy (DOHA Ha McCTHHTe IIpeJ;MeTH; 6JI31Cb< Ha crbK-
JIaTa OT npH60pHTe 3a Ha6JIrogeHHe (J;o6pe ce 3a6en313Ba B CJIT,H-
tIeBO yTpo, aKo CJIZ,HI;eTO CBeTH KBM cTpaHaTa Ha HPOTHBHHKa),
ABH>KeHHe Ha oTJ;eJIHH rIpOTHBHHxoBH BOI3HHIjH HBM eJjHO H CBIIj0
M31CTO H T. H.
OrneBH TO%IxH. O6HKHOBeHO IIPOTHBHHKBT rH pa3IIO3HaBa B
rBHKHTe Ha McCTHOCTTa, B OKOnHTe, B TIynKHTe Ha TpaHIIleHTe H
Ha OTKpHTH neon a9XH. A B n r 0 B p e m e H H H T e c 7, o p T,-
>C e H H $1 H3nBKBaT BBpxy McCTHOCTTa BBB BHA Ha MOrHJIKH.
CpeJj eCTeCTBeHHTe MOTHJIKH Te MoraT rIOHSIKOra Aa ce pa3JIHLIaT
C IjBeTa CH HJIH HaJIHTdHOCTTa BBpxy T31X Ha TBMHH HeTHa. IIpe3
3HMaTa CHerBT OKOJIO aM6pa3ypaTa ce TOfH H notiepHHBa OT ca>KAHTe
n Jja>Ke npH 3aTBopeHa aM6pa3ypa otlepTaHHSITa Ii ca 3a6ene>KHMH.
B HacejIeHHTe IIyHKTOBe npOTHBHHKT,T pa3110JIara OrHeBHTe CH
TOTIRH B AOJTHaTa LIaCT Ha crpaJjHTe H 3aTOBa Te TP316Ba BHHMaTeJTHO
Aa ce ornexcJjaT, 3a Jja ce pa3JIHTIaT CnerjHaJIHHTe OTBap5IIIjH ce
BpaTH Ha aM6pa3ypHTe, O6HKHOBeHo 6oIIAHCaHH C ILBeTa Ha CTeHHTe.
3ByKBT Ha CTpe116aTa OT JjbIIroBpeMeHHO c bopBxteHHe ce pa3JIH-
ilaBa C H3BeCTHa 3arnyIIlenocT, KOCTO JIecHO ce cxBaiga Ha CJIyx.
Mo>Ke Jja ce on a en1 TIe B
P A , ?noAo3pHTenxaza" MorHnxa HMa
ABnroBpeMeHHO CBopB)-CeHHe npH nonaJjaxe B Heg Ha apTHnepHI3-
CKH CHapsi,r, 3ByIBT npH pa3pHBa B T03H ciIytial3 e IIO-pH3BK OT
yAapa B 06HKHOBeHa 3eMH. OCBeH TOBa AHMBT cneg H36yXBaHeTO
Ce pa3ceIiBa no-6aBHO, 3alMOTO C gHMa ce CMecBa npaXBT OT pa3py-
IHeHOTO gBnroBpeMeHHo cBOpB>KeHHe.
n p O T H B O T a H K O B H T e c p e J ; c T B a H a n p o-
T H B H H K a ce TBpcHT HO BepOHTHHTe HOCOKH Ha JjBH>KeHHe Ha
HaIIIHTe TaHKOBe. Te ce pa3nonaraT noJj npHxpHTxeTO Ha ecTecT-
BeHI3'H H3KYCTBeHH MaCKH H J;O nOSIBaTa Ha TaHKOBeTe 06HKHO-
BeHO He ce OTKpHBaT. 11pH3Har ri, KOHTO rH OTKpHBaT, ca cne,I HHTe:
6 IloIroTosxa Ha cHainepacTa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80TOO246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
yBexxaJIHTe, Hnx nexo no>K'bJITennTe JIHCTa Ha xpacTHTe H ManxHTe
gbp'BeTa B xpaii Ha ropaTa HnH xpaCTanaxa, ManxHTe MOrHJIKH (Ha-
rrbxnanocTH) no 3eMSITa H neTHaTa Ha 0BaJJHHTe onepTaxn5I.
C'bnUeCTByBaT mHOro H HA-pa3nnuHH npn3HaLjn, no KOHTO
CHaI3nepnCT'bT, KOIkTO HMa AOCTaT'bLIHO OHHT, MOSKe Aa onpeAern
HaiiHLIneTO Ha ,CBOSI Ljen". rnaBHO TO! TpSS6Ba Aa IOMHH, Lie BCHLIKO
3a6enSI3aHO B 3pHTeJIHOTO none, Maxap MHOrO manno Aa cc pa3-
nnuaBa OT o6HKHOBeHOTO H eCTeCTBeHOTO, Tp5I6Ba He3a6aBHO Aa
npHKOBe norneca my H Aa 6-bAe npoBepeH nonyyBeXHanHSIT xpacT
B-bpxy (Dona Ha 3enenHTe xpacTH; OTAenHHTe xpaCTH c rbCT 6ypeH,
aKo Haoxono HSIMa 1OA06Hn TaKHBa; no5IBSIBaneTO Ha nI,HOBe n
KyntIHHH, KOHTO MHHanUSI AeH He e HMano; HanHLIHeTO Ha TT,MHO
Hun CBeTJIO neTHO, OTnHLIaBau o cc OT 0614Hn (DOH Ha McCTHOCTTa
H T. H.
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3a Ha6nlogeHHe
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3a Ha6JIlogeHHe c OHTHIIeCKH MepHHK npefl CHal3nepHCTHTe ce, IIo-
CTaBA cJTeJ);HaTa gen: yMesIO ga n3nOJI3yBaT OHTHLIeCKHA MepHHK;,
ga yCTaHOBHBaT OKyJIApa Ha OHTHtTeCKHA MepHHK Ha 4)oKyca (C
MepHHK IIY), ga ce nOCTaBA rJIaBaTa Ha orIpejjeJleHO, nOCTOAHHO
MACTO; ga H3lOJI3yBaT MepHHTe JIHHHH Ha. OrITH 1ecKHA MepHHK
3a H3MepBaHe Ha 'LrJIOBHTe BeJIHgIHHH1; Jxa C'bXpaHABaT H naaHT
OnTHnIeCKHA MepHHK.
O6ytiaBaHHTe Tp56Ba ga 906nBaT npaKTHKa B pa60TaTa c..09; 1.
THLIeCKHA MepHHK H C pyre OITHTICCKH npH6opH Ha,BCHtxzI1
CJTeABaIT.XH 3aHATHA.
1 ,Ije6enugaTa Ha Bc$Ha JIHHHSl aoxpuaa: 2 xH31H,gHU; np0MexuyTbltbt_
Me)iq y MepHOTO OCTpHe H XOpH30HTaJIHHTe MepHl3 JIUHHH e 2,5 OT XHJIHJ[HaTa;
pa3CTOHHHeTO Me)HJZy JlBe XOpH30HTaJIHH MepHH nnHHH e 7 XHJIH,gHH.
99
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
-"?praHuaa! IIsI Ha 3aHAITHATa u McToJ;H'iecKH c7.BeTH
Y.np.awxeHHSI no xa6nloJ;eHlie
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Heo6xogHMHTe HaBHgH H HOXBaT npH Ha6n}OgaBaxe Ha OTgeneH
npegMer (uen). YnpaxcxerHHTa ce npoBexHgaT Ha MHIHaTIOp-no-
JIHrOHa '(nACT~ueH caHg'bK). OTHauano pTDKOBOAHTenHT gaBa yxa-
3aHHSI Ha o6yuaBaHHTe ga ce BrnegaT B npegMeTa H 3a6enexcaT
(3anOMH3rT) HeroBHTe OTJIHXIHTeJIHH xapaKTepHH npH3HaIIH H OCO-
6eHOCTH. Cneg TOBa a MH OT o6yzIaBaHHTe ) oHJIagBa KaK TOR e
pa3rneJjan npegMeTa H KaKBO e 3a6eJIg3an. Tai-ca P'bROBOgMMIHT
H3CJIymIIBa oii a H5IKOnKO TioBeKa. CneJT, CB'bplIBaxe Ha TeXHHTe
J(oKnagH- TOR 065ICHSIBa B KaKBa fOCJI OBaTeJIHOCT TpH6Ba J;a ce
ornew a npeJIMeT-bT, 3a ga Ce H3ygIH HaHmnHO, He npOnyCKaIhuI3
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npeJZMeT. Pa35ICx5IBa HM, ue npH Ha6Jno aBaHe Tp516Ba ga ce or-
JIeAa npeJ[MeTbT H3I[HnO, a CneA TOBa ga CC npHCTT:,HH K'bM HOg-
p06HOTO My H3yuaBaHe, KaTO ce Brne>KJ{aT BHHmaTeJIHO BbB BC5IKa
oTJ;eJIHa uaCT. P-bKOBOAHTenHT nocoupa cna6oCT14Te H J{OIIbJIBa
Jjoxna> a Ha o6yuaBaHHTC.
CneJ; pa360pa p'bKOBO914Ten5IT, KaTO O6T,pxe o6yuaBaHHTe
c rpT~6 HBM MHHHaTIop-HonHTOHa (nrCb1HHH caHAT,K), H3MeH5I
nono}KeHHeTO Ha npe.r McTa, KaTO rO 3aB11pTH Ha H3BecTeH T,rvn
HJIH HOCTaBH BMeCTO Hero JZpyr, KOI%ITO mHoro npHJIHUa Ha I b BHSI,
HO HMa mpyrH uaCTH H T. H. CneJ; TOBa o6pT,ma o6yuaBaHI4Te c
Jlu a KT,M HOB145I upegmeT, gaBa MM Bpeme 3a Ha6rno*geHHe H CneJ;
TOBa H3HCrBa JIOKnag 3a BHgeHOTO. P-bKOBOWITeJIHT noguepTaBa
ROJIKO e Ba>KHO ga ce 3anoMH3IT xapaKTeprHTe uepTH Ha JjageHHH
ilpeJIMeT.
ToBa ynpa>KHeHHe ce noBTap5I JzoToraBa, goxaTO o6yuaBaHHTe
APHA06HSTT TBT.PA14 xaBHLlI3 3a 6'bp30TO OTKpHBaHe c OKO Ha gaJxeH
ripe) MeT xnH I.uen.
CHOpeJ; yCBOSIBaHeTO Ha ynpa HHeHHSITa OT o6yuaBaBHTe pbxo-
$oAHTeJIgT H3xcxBa g a My,ce J;oKnagBa He camo HenocpegCTBexo
cnej; npernega Ha npegmeTa, HO C'bIIjO H cneJZ H3BeCTHO BpeMe,
1IpaBeRKH nay3H MeH< y pa3rJlexcgaxeTO H goisiaga, npH KoeTO
I'IOCTeneHHo Ce HamaJIgBa BpemeTO 3a pa3rneHC axe H ce yBenHTda-
(IISICT,i-IHHa caHAbK), Tp516Ba ga ce npexece 3aHsITHeTO Ha MccT-
IiOCTTa. B T03H cnyuar3 I;eJIHTe (npegmeTMTe) ce pa3nonaraT Ha pa3-
JIHWIHH pa3CTO5IHH5I.
Cneg xaTO ce npOBeJre ynpa>KHeHHeTO Ha MHxxaTiOp-nonI3roHa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
AaTa
Bpeme
I Macro
KaRBo e
3a6ena3aao
K-Ae e
sa6ena3aHo I
Kaxno e
npeAnpHHTMero
l 3a6ene)Kxa
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Ha6nlogeHHe Ha MaCIW I- H I;eJIH. IIpH o6yzIaBaHe 3a Ha6.RTOijerH&
Ha MacKHpaHH npeJ McTH noHHxora Mo)Ke KaTO o6eICTH ' 3a Ha6nIo-
AeHHe ga ce Ha3HauaT BoIIHHI(H. Ha TAX TpA6Ba ga HM ce gaAaT
KOHKpeTHH yKa3aHHR KaKBO TpH6Ba ga npaBHT, qe TeXHHTe AeI-
CTBHH ga npHnH*3aT Ha AerICTBHHTa Ha BOrIHHI;H B 60AHa o6cT-a-
HOBKa. MHCTOTO 3a npOBe)KAaHe Ha 3aHHTHeTO TpH6Ba ga 6-bAe
060pyABaHO npeJBapHTeMHO.
KaTO 06$ICHH I;enTa Ha 3aHHTHHTa H npoBepH xaK ca yCBOeHIfi
OCHOBHHTe HOJIO)KeHHSI Ha yCTaBHTe H HaCTaBneHH$ITa OT o6yLIa-
BaHHTe, p'bKOBO,IZHTenHT c'bo6H;aBa necJloxcaa TaKTHLIecKa 06CTa-
HOBKa H 3aUOB$ABa Ha 06yLIaBaHHTe ga H36epaT Haft-yAo6HO MHCTO
3a Ha6nK)AeHHe Ha ?npoTHBHHKa", ga ce pa3HOJI0)KaT TaM H ga ce
3aMacKHpaT. IIOMOII;HHK-pi KOBORHTenSIT nponepHBa MacKHpoB-
HaTa Ha O6y*daBaHHTe OTK%M CTpaHaTa Ha HpOTHBHHKa. PBKOBOI;H-
TeJIHT Bp-ma B H3XOAHO IlonoxceHHe AO lyCH JIHTe HapymmeHHe
Ha npaBHnaTa 3a MacKHpOBKa, KaTO rH 3aCTaB3I ga HOBTOp5T AeI3-
CTBH5ITa.
O6yuaBaHHTe Tp3i6Ba npaKTHLIecKH Aa OTpa6OT3IT Ha6nloAe-
HHeTO OT pa3JIHtIHH McCTa: OT yKpHTHA, 3aA macim, OT OEM, OT
cHarinepOBa 1103HI;H3I; B SICHO BpeMe H ?Abriia, Ha pa3cT~MBane H B
3ApatI, B ropeu ACH, B gWFA, CHerOBanexc, npH pa3JIHLIHO ocBeTx-
BaHe Ha I;enHTe (OTnpep, oT3aA, OTCTpaHH). O6CTaHOBKaTa, B KOATO
ce BOAH Ha6nIoAeHHeTO, TpA6Ba ga ce yCJIO)KHHBa IIOCTeneHHO.
B npoueca Ha o6yt1eHHeTO CHaI4rIepMCTHTe TpA6Ba Ao C'bB'Bp-
I eHCTBO ga onnaAeHT HagIHHHTe 3a Ha6111ogeHHe;, ga ce Hay iaT ga
3a6enA3BaT AeriCTBHaTa Ha ,IIpOTI4BHHHa", ga IIpaBAT cnopeA Ha-
6nIOAeHHeTO npaBHJIHH H3BOAH, ga 3a6eJrn3BaT HaIi-manRHTe npH3-
HaIjH 3a I;eJITa, ga H3yuaT McTOAHTe, npHnaraHH OT npoTHBHHxa 3a
MaCKHpOBKa, ga OT6enA3BaT AOnyCKaHHTe OT TAX rpemxH B MaCKH-
pOBKaTa (Hanpxmep OTKpHBaT ce H3p5I3aHH OTBepCTHH 3a I-Ia6mo-
AeHHe no MaKCTHTe OT Kam-LK, IThH, yRaaaTen Ha nmTHn a, naMeT-
HHK H T. H.)
PTLKOBOAHTennT 3an03HaBa o6yLIaBaHHTe c o6pa3e1.a Ha 'AHeB-
HHKa 3a Ha6n}oAeHHe.
IIpHMepeH o6pa3eg Ha gaeasaxa 3a Ha6JIlogenHe
HOAIIHC'
(aBaaae, 4)amHaiea)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
;.IIpn upoBexcJjat-fe;,yrIpaxcneHHSI Ha MecTHOCTTa BCMIKH o6y'ia-
]3 BH ngnygaBaT TaKT$ gHeBHHK 3a nonbJIBane. 110 HacTOjIIIIHH
AggpHHK, owe j a? . ce Rasa cneJjHaTa oijeaxa: ,OT 100 - 90 % OT-
4CpHTkI IjenM - oljemxa..5, OT 89 - 80% - oijexxa 4, OT. 79,- 60%
qL eHKa 3. IIpH ?T',OBa 30A-bnx(HTenno ce cna3Ba OTnngHa macKT3
po,BKa, B IIpoTHBeH C,nytlari oljenxaTa ce HaManslBar c eAHa eJjuHHna.
J3 nnana 3a npppf) Ague Ha 3aH$JTHeTG p bKOBOJ[rTenHT e Jjnv-
HCeH Jja nOCOLIn NO KaWbB cnrxan we ce 3IBI3 IleJITa. Ha CBOSI no-
MpIIj IHK H Ha cTapLuH3I..npxa3Bau TOI1 JjaBa n3Bne ieHHe OT T03H
nnaH n Ta6nnlja 3a CnrHa.nnTe.
UplMepa. lien Ns I - ',np0THBHMK0B" o4MHiep; 0()HI Cpb,T ce nolc3Ba Ha
+HII, :rneJja c 6HHOWbJi, jaBa 3ByROBH H 3pHTenHH CHrHanl, BaJjF noneBaTa
;HeIIIII ce H3BeCTHO BpeMe' HaJ ony no oxona; Ha HSIHOH
MecTa ce 0TKpIBaT 60iHHgM H T. H. Hamann Ha JjeHCTBHHTa - no cilrHan;
B>xiraxe Ha 6Hno ()narge.
1joMOII;HuK-pbKO$oJ(HTeJIgT RaBa cHrHanH 3a HOHBHBaHe H
Her3CTBne Ha e,IIHM IInu ,Ijpyrn Ijenn. 3a Jja He ro 3a6ena3BaT o6y-
. iaBaHHTe, TOR ce HaMHpa Ha3a)j, Ha H3BeCTHO OTJjaneueHne OT MHc-
TOTO Ha 3aH31THeTO.
MaKeTHTe ce npaBSIT OT JjbpBO, n306pa3SIBanZn neKu WIN Te)KHH
KapTeTHHIjH Ha npOTIJBHmKa.
Yxi paxcHe HH q- B- CTpenxoB0 pa3y3HaBaHe
HaMeCTH0CTTa
IIpu, H31-TbnHeHHe ua ynpa>KHeHHx NO H3pa6OTBaHe HaBHILH B
CTpenKOBO pa3y3HaBaHe Ha McCTHOCTTa Ce nOCTaBHT CneJjHHTe 3a-
djaT;H: Jja ce HaytiaT, CHal3nepncTl3Te Ha McTOJjHTe NO n3yuaBaHe
Ha McCTHOCTTa; g a npHAO6HSIT HaBHIjn 3a OIjeHKa Ha MCCTHOCT npH
HacT'bnneHHe H OT6paHa. Ynpa>KHeHHeTO cnegBa Jja ce npoBexxeJlaTeJIHO Ha MHHHaTIOp-no3IHroHa '(n5IC,bLIHH51 caHA-BK)
,a ce AaBa McCTHOCT CSC cio>KeH H pa3HOo6pa3eH pene4)'14 pa3-
JIHLIHH npeAMeTH, Maxap H nOZjO6HH no BHA,' HO BCeKH' OT TSIX Aa
HMa CBOH OTJIHLIHTeJIHH 6ene3H.
KaTO nOCTHrHe B o6y1aBaHHTe yMeHHeTO npaBHJIHO Aa HaHMe-
HyBaT McCTHHTe npeAMeTH, p'bKOBOAHTenrnT npeMHHaBa K'bM 06y-
MaBaHe 3a OIjeHKa Ha McCTHOCTTa.
QAeHKaTa Ha McCTHOCTTa TpH6Ba Aa ce H3B'bplnBa OT pa3nHLIHH
.MeCTa 3a Ha6rno eHHe, npeABapHTeJIHO H36paHH B 3aBHCHMOCT OT
IlonytleHaTa 6013Ha 3aAa 4a, KOSITO ce 065IBHBa OT pT,KOBOAHTen51 B
HaL1aJIOTO Ha 3aH3ITHeTO. 3aeAHO C TQBa p'bKOBOAHTenuT HanOMH51
Ha. o6ytlaBaHHTe pea Ha pa60TaTa npn H3ygaBaHe nonocaTa (cex-
Topa) Ha McCTHOCTTa. Ha6n1o eHHeTO ce BOAH OT AHCHO Ha JISIBO.
TpH6Ba Aa ce H3yLIH BCeKH McCTeH npeAMeT, He H3HYcKaAKH
HpeABHA HHTO eAHa Ape6oJIHA H AaBai HH OAeHKa AOKOJIKO BCeKH
OT npeAMCTHTe cnomara Hn1 npeLIH 3a H3n'bJIHeHHe 3aAaLIHTe OT
IloAeneHHeTO H Ha Het CTBHSITa Ha npOTHBHHKa.
PSxoBOAHTenHT o6pTbwa BHHMaHHe Ha o6yuasaHHTe Ha Heo6-
XOAHMOCTTa 3a nOApO6HOTO H3yxiaBaHe pene(Ja Ha McCTHOCTTa (B'b3-
BHnIeHH51, nponaCTH, AOJIHHH, HOTJIOBHHH, OBpa3H, SIMH H T: H.)
H noLiBaTa, KOeTO e oco6eHO Ba>KHO 3a yCneJnHOTO Ha5nIOAeHHe Ha
pHKOIIIeTHTe H npeABH)-BaHeTO Ha npOTHBHHKa no MeCTHOCTTa.
BT,B BpT,3Ka C TOBa TpsI6Ba Aa ce 0651CHH Ha o6yuaBaHHTe 3HaTIe-
HHeTO Ha ,MBpTBHTe npocTpaHcTBa" H cc IOCOLIH HcO6XOAHMOCTTa
3a H360p Ha CKpHTH 1OACT'bnH 3a 3aeMaHe Ha 103HgKH.
110-HaTaT-bK BHHMaHHCTO Ha O6ygaBaHHTe cc HacOLIBa x'bM 133y-
MaBaHe BOAHHTe Hpen5ITCTBHSI : peKH, e3epa, pyueH, 6naTHCTH McCTa,
46JIaTa, TpecaBHnja, a cnej TOBa KBM H3y?IaBaHe Ha McCTHHTe npeA-
McTH C IICn Aa 6i, aT H31IOn3YBaHH B pa3JIHLIHa 6ol3Ha OGCTaHOBKa.
MCCTHHTC npeAMeTH e Ijenec1 o6pa3HO Aa cc pa3AenSIT Ha CneAHHTe
rpynH:
- n'bpBa - HaceneHH nyHKTOBe, 4)a6pHKH, 3aBOAH, Ij'bpxBH,
LIH4)JIHUH, McJIHHILH, nncBHH, KOn11 CeHO H cnaMa H T. H.;
- BTOpa ropH, rOpHiIKH, xpaCTaJIaIjH, aneH, ropcxH Ilpo-
.exH H T. H.;
- pea - KaMeHHH cTeHH, orpaAH, nneTHnja, Tenerpa( HH
CT'bn6OBe, n'bTHH nOKa3aTenf H T. H.;
LIeTB'bpTa - 3aCeTH nonx; yrapH, ropcxH no.1uIHKH;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
neTa - poBOBe, KaHaBKH, HacHnH, OTJjeJIHH KaMT~HH H T. H.
IneCTa MOCTOBe, nSTHiga.
KaTo npeileHH npegMeTHTe, 3aJj HOHTO mo)xe ga ce cxpHe npo-
THBHHH BT, p'MKHeHHSiTa no H3pa6oTxaTa Ha HaBHIIH 3a oTKpHBaxe Ha
1 MH B oT6pana cc H3n'bJIHBBaT Ha McCTHOCT KaKTO npH HaCTT,n-
iieHHe camo C,Ta3H paWmKa, tie 3aHHTHeTO cc npOBe>xjja H31A51nO,
a He no eTanH.
IIpH pa3pa6OTBaHe Ha Te314 ynpa>KHeHH51 p'bKOBOj(HTen5IT,
KaKTO H npH 3aH5ITH5ITa no HaCT'bnneHHe, Tp516Ba ga HayLIH o6y-
ilaBaHHTe ga BOjjnT Ha6nlojjeHHe B pa3MHLIHH ycnOBHH.
Ynpa>KHeHHSI no Ha6n1o jjeHHe
Ha p e3ynTaTHTe OT CBOSI Or'bH
3a H3pa6OTBaHe HaBHL[H B o6yTlaBaHHTe no Ha6niojjeHHe pe-
3ynTaTHTe OT CBOSI Or'bH Tpx6Ba ga cc npOBeJ[e ynpaxcHeHIIe c
Ljen ga Ha6nlojjaBaT nonageHHSITa Ha CBOnTe xypnlyMH, jja jjoK-
JIa) BaT 3a TOBa H onpejZenaT e(])eKTa OT CBOII 0r'bH no noBegeHHeTO
Ha npOTHBHHHa.
3a npoBew ane Ha Taxosa ynpa>KHeHHe pT,KOBOjjHTennT noj;-
6Hpa yLiaCTT,K OT McCTHOCTTa, KOIHTO ga HMa pa3n14ueH Tepees, Ha
MecTa 6naronpH5ITeH, a Ha jjpyrn xe6naronpHSITeH 3a Ha6nlogeHHe
nonajjeHHHTa Ha KypIIIyMHTe (cyxa HHBa, npanleH nbT, BOAHa no-
B'bpxHOCT, nHBajja C BHCOKa TpeBa, ManxH H roneMH xpacTH, no-
CeBH CT,C 3'bpHeHH KynTypH H T. H.). Ha Te3H yLIaCTbLLH Cc n0-
CTaBHT MHIIIeHHTe m cc npoBe>Kjja noKa3HaTa CTpe116a. B npoijeca
Ha CTpen6aTa Ha o6yxiaBaHHTe cc _noKa3Ba HarnejjHO 3HaLIeHneTO
Ha nOLIBaTa 3a TOLIHOTO oripejjens1He MSICTOTO Ha rlonajjeH1HeTO Ha
Kypinyma, a Taxa cT,H.jo ga cc HayuaT j;a gOKJIagBaT TOLIHO 3a MHC-
TOTO Ha pHKOIHHpaxeTO, HMa iim npejjB-HA, Lie OTKnoI-IeHI3eTO
BCTpaHH CC 143MepBa B XHJI5I HH, a K'bCHTe HnH jj'bnrHTe-B McTpM,
IlanpnMep: ,BJIgIBO '0-05, Kbc 50". TyK Tps16Ba ga cc cibo6nnH
Ha o6yuaBaHHTe, me noHSlxora npH 6Jlaronpx1THO ocBeTgBaxe
(Cn'bHLjeTO cc HaMripa 3ajj T03H, KOIHTO BOjjH orbHSI), aK0 Ha6nio-
jjaTen3IT cc HaMHpa Ha ejjHa nHHHSI CbC cTpeneLja (3ajj Hero) '14
rnejja c .6HHOKT>na B ijeJiTa, npH CTpen6a Ha pa3CTOHHHe go
300-400 M LLje 3a6ene>KH TpaeKTOpHrTa Ha KypulyMa KaTO CBe-
Tenja nafl>KHHa B noco a Ha LjeJITa. TT,MHHSIT (boH (XpaCTanaK, no-
ceBH OT 3T,pHeHH KynTyPH H T. H.). Ha KOIITO cc HaMHpa LjenTa, Hje
1103BOJIH ga Ce onpejjeini awe MSICTOTO Ha cpeiuaTa Ha Kypnlyma
C LjeJITa. B HaLIaJIOTO Ha 3aHATHeTO Ha o6yLIaBaHHTe ce.CT,061IjaBa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
BpemeTO Ha IIoneTa Ha xypHIyma Ha e,4Ha HnH J.jpyra gHCTaHIWHSI,
He caMO 3a ga He HpexpaTHBaT, HO H ga He OTcna6BaT Ha6JI}o e-
HHeTO HO 06CTpeJIBaxaTa TjeJI no-paHO OT MOMeHTa Ha cpenjaTa Ha
KypulyMa c ijenTa HnH C nOBTbpXHOCTTa Ha 3eMHTa.
Ha o6ytiaBaHHTe Tp316Ba ga ce pa331CHH, LIe HOHSIKOra 3a pe3yn-
TaTHTe OT H3CTpena npH He6naronpHnTHH 3a Ha6Juo eHHe ycio-
BH51 (ijenTa ce HaMHpa B j pe6eH XpaCTanax, B nHBaJja C BHCOKa
TpeBa) ciieJjBa ga ce C'bgH no KOCBeHHTe npH3Ha4H, a HMeHHO: no
H3MeHeHHeTO nOBe,IjeHHeTO Ha npOTHBHHKa, no npeKpaTSIBaHeTO
Ha OrT,H$I, no nar aHeTO Ha OTpa3eHH5I OT mypiriyMa npOTHBHHK, HO
H3MeHeHHe HatiHHa Ha JiBH>KeHmeTO Ha rIpO.THBHHxa (npeMmHaBaHe
OT xoJjeHe K'bm KpaTKH npe6e>KHH, ripenvn3BTBane), BHe3ariHO Ha-
Be>KJ.jaHe HnH OTxnOHeHHe BCTpaHH H T. H.
Camo OIIMTHHSIT Ha6JmoJjaTeii e B C-bCTOHHHe 6e3norpeIIIHO ga
oripeJjenH B 6O1RHaTa o6CTaHOBKa HMaJIO nH e IIpOTHBHHK, B HO-
roTO ca CTpeJislnM, y614T JTI3 e, HJIH ce e CKpHJI OT H3CTpena, oco6exo
B TaKHBa cnytIaH, xorazo ce BH>KJja camo rnaBaTa (a 60JIIUHHCTBOTO
TaxHBa nje 6-bgaT cHaHnepcHH Treim). Ho Bce naK HMa peJjHija
rIpH3Ha4H,. KOHTO TOLTHO HH noHa3BaT pe3YJITaTHTe OT H3CTpena.
,TLa npHBeJjeM HHKOJIKO npI3Mepa.
1. Ha6nK)JjaTeJI3qT Ha npOTHBHrKa, HaMnpanj ce B oixecnnSl cxaHnepHCT Betie
He npeACTaBJISIBa ro.ISIMa TpyAHOCT: npOTHBHHKOBHHT CHaHnepHCT
JIeCHO Ce OTKpHBa, KaTO ce rneAa BHHMaTeJIHO McCTHOCTTa no JIH-
HHSITa Ha BXOAHaTa H H3XOAHaTa npO6OHHa Ha MaKeTa. O6nKHOBeHO
TOR ce HaMHpa B HeyTpaiiHaTa 30Ha, aKo pa3CT05IHHeTO Me)KAy
TpaHIIIeHTe e nOBetle OT 250- 300 M, PJIH B CBOSITa TpaHIIIe$I, aKo
pa3CT03IHHeTO AO Herr ce OKa)Ke nO-MaiTKO OT 250 ht.
HaH-TpyAHOTO B TO3H HaIIHH e C'bBnaAaHeTO ueHTbpa Ha 3pH-
TeJIHOTO nOJIe Ha nepHcKona C JIHHnsrTa Ha BXOAHaTa H H3XOAHaTa
np06orHa. TOBa C'bBnaAaHe ce nOCTHra no CJIeAHHSI HatnHH.
H3MepBa ce TOtIHO pa3CTOSIHHeTO OT JIHHHSrTa, MHHaBaIua npe3
BXOAHOTO H H3XOAHOTO OTBepCTHe Ha MaKeTa, go 4VbCKaTa,. npe3
KO$ITO MHHaBa A'bpBOTO c MaKeTa. nepHCKOn'bT ce 3axpenBa KbM
Apyro AT,pBO Taxa, tie pa3CT0HH14eTO OT ijeHTT,pa Ha BXOAHOTO My
-OTBepcTHe go AT,CKara Aa 6i, e paBHO Ha H3Mepenor0 pa3cTOSlxxe.
nocoxaTa ce npoBepsrBa tlpe3 HarnaCHBaxe Ha nepHcxona (AO H3-
Ba>KAaHeTO My OT oHona) OT3aJ KT,M H3XOAHOTO OTBepCTHe Ha Ma-
I(eTa nJIT,THO, TaKa tie npe3 nXOAHOTO OTBepCTHe Aa Mo rce Aa ce
BHAH McCTHOCTTa; CJreA TOBa nepHCKOnT,T 6aBHO ce H3Ba)KAa OT
TpaHu.ierITa. 3a Aa CC OTKpHe n0-6Hp3O npOTHBHIIKT,T, a 3aeAHO
C TOBa Aa ce OTBJletie BHHMaHHeTO My OT noKa3BamH3I ce nepH-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
HaLIHH7BT 3a onpeAenslHe Ha pa3CTOSIHHq cnopeg BHAHMOCTTa
H 5ICHOTO oTdepTaHHe ce C'bCTOH B TOBa, Tie cTeIIexza Ha oTJ;aneue-
HHeTO Ha o6eKTa OT Aa6n}OgaTenST ce onpeAenx OT ToBa, AOKOJTKG
FICHO ce BH)KAa pa3rne)f< aHHSnT. o6eKT, KSKBH H0 po6HOCTH Moral
Aa ce pa3nHUaT. TaxMBa n0Rp06HOCTH ca: 3a TI YBeIuKa 4rnrypa -
JIHI[eTO H T3aCTHTe my; Inanxa, KonTTeTa, 4)opMa H I.UBSIT Ha o611eK-
JIOTO, naroHH, CHapH)Kexxe; 3a crpaAH - 6poIi Ha eza)KHTe, I;BHT
Ha cTeHHTe, 4)opMa Ha noxp$Ba, a 3a noxpI3Ba MaTepHan (HCe-
nSI3O, KepeMHAH, A-bCKH), ABHT, rOneMHHa Ha KOMHHHTe, roneMHHa
Ha naMapHHaTa, TaBaHCKH npO3OpI[H H T. H.
rnaBHH5T HeAOCTaT'bK Ha T0314 HaTIHH Ce 3aKnIOTTaBa B TOBa,,
me HCHOTaTa Ha eCTeCTBeHOTO OCBeTSIBaHe ueCTO ce npOMeHH.
IIpegMeTHTe (L en1Te), go KOHTO Tps16Ba Aa ce onpeAenH pa3CTOSI-
HHCTO, MoraT J7a 6IAaT Ty 3aT'bMHeHH, Ty n0-HCHO jja ce BH)KAaT.
CnegoBaTeJIHO To3H MCTOA 3a onpe)jenSIHe.Ha pa3CTOHHHSITa He e
HaAe)HAeH.
HaK-npHeMnHB e HaXIHH bT 3a onpeAen5IHe Ha pa3CT05IHH5ITa no
OTpH3M1H (JIHHHH) OT McCTHOCTTa.
rl'bpBHHT HaT3HH MO)Ke Aa Ce H3nOn3yBa KaTO CHOMaraTeneH npH
OnpeAeJISIHe pa3CTOSIHHHTa npH BTOpHH HagHH.
Cbn.WHOCTTa Ha BTOPHH Ha'IHH Ce C-bCTOH B TOBa, Tie KaTO CH
npeACTaBHM MHCneHO OTpH3 bK OT 100-200 At, HaHaCSIMe ro (Ha
oKo) go T[eJITa. T03H McTOA MO)Ke Aa Ce rlpHnara Ha pa3CTOSIHH5I
go 500 M, Hai3-MHoro go 600 M (npH 6narOnpHHTH14 YCJIOBHH),
3awOTO C yBenHTIeHHe pa3CTOSIHHeTO Ha npHBHAHaTa BenHTIHHa
pa3CTOHHHeTO (B nepCneKTHBa) fOCTeneHHO ce HaManHBa. HepaB-
HHTC McCTa, aKO Te He Ce BH)-CAaT OT H3MepBa'ia nnH Ce BH)KAaT
HeHanTinHO, cI HpaI1 aBaT pa3CT05IHneTO. IIpH IIOBHInaBaHe Ha
McCTHOCTTa B nOCOKa KbM IuenTa, npH pa3nonaraHe Ha CHaI3nepHCTa
BMeCTO Ha 3eM5ITa Ha A'bpBO, Kbiga H T.. H. pa3CT05THIjeTO H3-
ri excAa no-rOnslMO, OTKOJIKOTO Korazo H3MepBaq'bT-CHaHnepHCT
ce HaMHpa Ha 3eMSITa. EAHOABeTHHSIT H eAHOo6pa3eH 4)0H (nHBaAa,
CH51r, HHBa,.1SIC'bx, BOAa) KaTO Tie nH npH6nH)KaBa HaMHpan(HTe
Ce Ha MCCTHOCTTa npeAMeTH, aKO Te CC pa3n4TIaBaT OT o61IjKH 4)OH
c Apyr ILB$T, a nT,CTpM$IT H pa3HOO6pa3eH 4)OH, o6paTH0, MaCKHpa
npeAMeTHTe H KaTO me J14 rH .OTAaneTiaBa.
Ha BHAHMOCTTa Ha genza rongMO BJIHSIHHe oxa3Ba oCBeTSIBa-
HeTO, a CT,LUO H aTMOC4)epHHTe YCJIOBHH (mpatIeH Hn1 cn'bHTIeB AeH,
Ab>K , CHHr, MT,rna H T. H.). B MpatieH AeH, A'b)HA, CHHr, 3Apati,
B MTbrna BCHUKH pa3CTO51HnHI H3rne K aT yBenitieHH, a B CBeTT~M,
CJbHTieB AeH HamaneHH.
IIOHe)Ke 3penneTo Ha xopaTa e pa3JIHTiHO, BCeKH cxai nepnCT
CH CbCTaBSI CBOSI C06CTBeHa , naMeTKa Ha BHAHMOCTTa", nocotiBaHKH
9.$)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
B He5I HaHMeHOBaHHeTO Ha qeJIHTe, TexnHTe 6ene3H H BHJ.jHMOCTTa
B McTpx.
HatIHHTT 3a H3MepsaxeTO Mo}Ke Aa 6&Ae npUJloxceH B 6OHHa'
06CTaHOBxa camo AaJleLe OT npoTHBHHKa (npH nogroTOBKa Ha
McCTHOCTTa 3a OT6paHa), npH yLle6Ha 06CTaHOBKa TO3H HaxiHH MOxce
Aa ce H3110J13yBa 3a npOBepia Ha onpeAeJTeHOTO pa3CTOSIHne Ha oxo.-
3a TOLIHOTO 143MepBaHe Ha pa3CTOHHHeTO OTHatIaJIO Tp316Ba
Aa ce Ha6eJIe>xaT peAnua npoMexKeHHeTO, HaMHpauuH ce Ha eAHa JINHHH C npeJ);MeTa, Ao KOI3TO
ce onpegeJTn pa3CTOHHHeTO. Heo6xoAHMo e npr3 ABHxceHHe Aa ce
ABP>KH CTporo nocoxaTa. npH H3MepBaHe pa3CTOSIHneTO c xpatncn
C'bIuHTe ce 6pOSIT LInc1JTHO H CJIeA BCeKH CTO McTpa 6poeHeTO 3a-
TIOLIBa OTHOBO, a 6pO3IT Ha II3MHHaTHTe CTOT14IIH McTpn ce 3anHCBa.
Bcexn o6yuaBaH npeJ BapHTeJIHo e AJTbxceH Aa Iiposepn xonxo
MHCITa xpatlxn BJIH3aT B CTO McTpa. 3a TOBa Ha paBeH .AyLIaCTmK OT
McCTHOCTTa ce OTMepBaT C MepHa JTeHTa 100 At H ce OT6eJI3I3Ba
TOBa pa3CT031HHe c icoj ieTa, c ieA TOBa ce 3a6HBaT Mewgy icpal37
HHTe KOn IeTa IjBe Me>Iq HHHH. JBIDXeHHeTO 3anoLIBa OT eJJHHHSI
KpaI3 Ha KOJTLIeTaTa KT,M ApyrH5I, 6poellxH KOJIKO LTnc4Ta Kpauxn
Tie ce cT,6epaT B CTOMeTpoBHn OTp5i3-bK. 3a no-roiTsiMa TOUHOCT
B onpeAeJlxne 6pos1 XlHd)Ta Kpax IKH B 100 as ce npaBSIT 3-4
n3MepBaHH31 H ce H3Ba>I;Ha 1HCppa. IIpH H3MepBaHe
ce xogH c'i c cbluaTa KpaLIKa xaKTo npH nposepxaTa Ha LIH(4T
KpaLIxH (T. e. o6HKHOBena), noMHeIIKH, Lie rosieMnnaza Ha xpatKaza
ce McHn B 3aBxCnMOCT OT CTbCTOHHHeTO Ha 06yBKHTe, HepaBHaTa
McCTHOCT, noTiBa, OT yMopaTa Ha, n3MepBatIa H T. H.
OCBeH nOCOLIeHHTe OCHOBHH HaLImHH Ha OKOMepHO onpe.eJIRHe
Ha pa3CT03IHxsiTa HMa CnoMaraTeJIHH TaKnBa. HanpHMep Mo>Ke
Aa ce onpeAeJrH oTJXaJletieHHeTO Ha TOLIKaTa, pa3nOJIo>KeHa Ha
nOJIOBImHaTa ITT AO ueJITa (opHeHTnpa), H csieA TOBa Aa ce yABOH
TOBa pa3CTOsHne. T03H HatIHH JMa TaKTbB He,ocTaT1,K, me ?Ao-
nyCHaTaTa rpeluKa npH n-bpBOTO OnpeAeJiHHe Ha pa3CTOSIHHe
npH OICOHtiaTeJIHOTO onpeAeJISIHe Ha pa3CT03IHHeTO ce yABOSIBa.
Monte Aa ce npHJiara H TaxBB HatiHH: HSIKOJIKO CHallnepHCTH
onpeJeJISTT pa3CT03mHHeTO no OTAeJIHO (BCeKH caMOCTOSITeJIHO),
a ciieA TOBa H3Be>KAaT cpeAHaTa BeJTHLIHHa. KOJIKOTO nosetle xopa
ytIaCTByBaT B onpeAessHe Ha pa3CTO3IHneTO, TOJIKOBa rpeHlxaTa
Tue 6i,.e no-MajIKa.
CTiIIIeCTBysa 13 TaK-BB HaumH 3a OnpeAeJTSIHe pa3cT03IxneTO AO
ueJITa: oTHatlano ce onpeJ:(eJISI HaI3-roJIHMOTO (c yseJIHLIenne), a
csieA TOBa HaI3-manxoTO (c HaMaJleHne) pa3cT05IHne. Pa3JIHKaza
Menc y Te3n ABe BeJTHHHHH ce AeJin Ha ABe H ce npn6aBSi K M
pa3czOHHHeTO, onpegeneno xaTO Haft-MaJIKO, 13JIn ce H3Banc a OT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
onpemeJIeHOTO KaTO HaI3-rosHIMO. TOLIHOCTTa Ha TO3H HatIHH 3a-
BHCH OT BeJIHLIHHaTa ,BHJIKmTa". npaKTHLiecHH Ta3H TOLIHOCT
CTHra 1IOJIOBHHaTa AeneHHe Ha MepHHKa.
Haxpa.q MOxce Ra ce crio eHe HatiHHTbT, KOI3TO Ce H3IIOJI3yBa,
IcoraTO ce 3Hae TOLIHO pa3CTO51HHeTO AO HHKaK-BB o6eKT, HaMHpai
ce B cb1I HH ceKTOp, B KOAT0 ce HaMHpa IIeJITa; B T03H cnyLial3 ce
cpaBHRBa H3BeCTHOTO Ha Ha6noAaTenx pa3CTOSIHHe c npeACTOR-
J OTO 3a onpeAen i e pa3CTORHHe go IXeJITa.
OHpegeJISIHeTO Ha pa3CTOSIHHHTa no brJIoBaTa BeJIHLIHHa Ha
BHAHMHTe I;eJIH (Him McCTHH npeAMeTH) c T,rJIOMepHaTa Mpe3Ka Ha
6HHowbJIa, nepHcKona H MepHHTe HHHIKH (OCTpHeTO H XOpH30HTaJI-
HHTe HHHIKH) Ha onTHLIeCKHSI MPnxuu re OCHOBaBa Ha 4 0pMyJIaTa
B 1000
HBgeTO , e JIHCTaHIjHSiTa (pa3CTO3IHHe'Q AO IjeJITa);
B - roJIeMHHaza Ha i eJITa HJIH ripeJIMeTa (xopH3oHTanxa
H BepTHxanxa);
- T,riini,T (B XHJ1 HH), IIOA 1Oi TO ce BH>KAa ijeMTa
(npejMeTBT), BepTHKaneH HJIH XOpH3OHTaneH, B
3aBHCHMOCT OT B3eTaTa BeiiHLiHHa Ha IjeJITa (aio
BeJIHLIHHaTa Ha L MTa, e B3eTa XQpH3OHTaJIHa, Tr-bJI-bT
Ce B3eMa XOpH3OHTaneH H o6paTH0).
T03H Hat1HH Ha H3MepBaHe HOLITH He 3aBHCH OT aTMOC4)epHHTe
yCJIOBHSI, 061IXH31 4 )OH H xapaicTepa Ha npeAcTOarnaTa McCTHOCT,
a TaKa CBHjO H OT McCTOHaxo>KAeHHeTO Ha Ha6nlo jjaTena. Ho c-bHje-
CTBeHHHT My HeAOCTaT-bK ce 3a}CniotlaBa B TOBa, Lie OHpeAejmIIjHAT
pa3CTOHHHeTO TpH6Ba C B-Lp1ueHO TOLIHO Aa 3Hae pa3MepHTe Ha
ijeJITa (MeCTHHA npeAMeT), KoeTO tieCTO HBTH e HeBb3MO>KHO.
OnpeAenUHeTO Ha pa3CTOBHHHTa go, H3KyCTBeHO OCBeTeHH
IjeJIH H McCTHH HpeJMeTH ce H3B-bpHIBa no CT,IIjHS1 HatiUH, KaKTO
H npH AHeBHO, eCTeCTBeHO OCBeTRBaHe, T. e. Ha OKO HJIH HO LrJIo-
BHTe BeiiHLiHHH. CneABa Aa ce MHHaBa ICBM H3ytaBaHeTO My,
icoraTO o6yTiaBaHHTe ca npHAo6HJIH AOCTaTT,?iHO TBBpijH HaBHIjH
B onpeAensHe Ha IjeJIHTe HpH eCTeCTBeHa CBeTJIHHa.
Ycriex B yCBOSIBaHeTO Ha oxoMepHOTO onpejje i i e Ha pa3CTOSI-
HHSITa OT CHaiinepHCTHTe ce ocHrypHBa OCBeH npH o6ytieHHeTO Ha
cueIjHaJIHHTe 3aHSITHH H C BC CHCTeMHa npaKTHKa Ha BCHXIKH 3a-
H3ITHH H yLieHH$.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
OpraHn3al(HST Ha 3asaTS3ITa u McTOAH4eclH c%BeTll
O4 HIIepST, I(O 4TO o6yLlaBa cxaI%InepMCTHTe, e I[n,HCeH ga Ha-
xapa BcexH cxai nepxcT ga CMHTa xaTO cBoe npHKO 3ag-bJI>KeHHe
e>KegHeBHOTO 3aHHMaHHe B onpegeJIHHe Ha pa3CTOHHHH go pa3-
JIH HHTe o6eKTH H ripi4 norjle>KRane Ha eAHH Hnr Apyr npejMer
MHcneHO ga onpec eim pa3cTO5IHHeTO go Hero.
3a ynpaHKe ga ce noA6epe TaIKZ[aT 3aJcbjIwHTenHO
Ha HBKOnKO pa3nHLIHH yL1aCTbgH.
Ha BCHKa noco a TpH6Ba ga ce H3MepH J1HHHH C Z(1n>KHHa no
1000 .IS, ga ce pa3JjeJIH Ha OTpH3b1[H no 100 M H ce oT6ene>xaT C
KoJI1eTa. Pa3cTOHHHeTO Me>Hgy xoJrleTaTa ce 143MepBa KOJIKOTO
MO>Ke no-TOi3HO (c poneTxa Him Mepxa neHTa). UO BCHKO KOnL1e
ce noCTaBBT e) 1IaHBH n0 roneMHHa, 9BBT H ()opMa MHIIIeHH (rpSAHH,
rnaBCCTH 4)HrypH), MaxeTH Ha KapTe-IHHIUH H T. H. H Hapeg C T51X
ce nOCTaBHT XpaCTH, KynuHHH, roneMH Kam'bHH, OKOJIO KOHTO
ce pa3nonaraT BOAH1411H.
BCTpaHH OT Te3H nOCOKH ce H3naraT Cbn;HTe 1XeJIH Ha pa3nHtIHH,
TOLIHO H3MepeHH pa3CTOBHH51 xaKTO Ha 3aKp'brneHHTe (200, 300,
400 M), Taica H Ha Me>KJXHHHHTe (230, 350, 580 M) B Te3H rpaHliuH,
B KOHTO e npoxapaHO ) ageHOTO pa3cTOSIHHe. 3a ga ce o6JiexeaT
o6ytlaBaHHTe B Onpegen5HeTO Ha pa3CTOHHHHTa, npe3 n'bpBHSI
elan Ha o6ytIeHHeTO BCHLiKH i eim ce 1JOCTaBRT B egHaKTas pa3Mep.
OTHaLlanO o6ytIaBaHHTe ce pasnonaraT B noJioweHHe neweHIKOM,
Cneg TOBa - CToeLuKOM, o6spHaTH B nocoxa Ha JIHHHHTa, ripoxapaxa
Ha paBHa McCTHOCT, a cneJZ TOBa HOcjiQgoBaTeJIHO ce npeMeCTBaT
KT,M cnegBaI1(HTe nOCOKH.
PSHOBOAHTenBT 3anOBHZ[Ba Ha o6ytiaBaHHTe ga ce BrnegaT B
OTMepeHHTe yLIaCTTbI;H H rH 3anexiaTaT B CBOHTa naMeT. 110-HaTaT'bK
ce yKa3Ba, Lie 3a H3MepBaHe Ha pa3CT031HHeTO C nOCTOSIHHa MHpIa
(OTPH3'bK OT McCTHOCTTa), 3anetIaTana ce B naMeTTa Ha H3MepBanjuH,
MHCneHO ce HaHaC31 TO3H OTP313-bK B g'bn6OLIHHa TOJIKOBa nmTH,
KOJIKOTO TOR ce noMeCTH. Cneg TOBa pTMKOBOAHTen5IT 3aI1OBHJ.xBa Ha
o6y'IaBaHHTe ga onpe)jenBT pa3CTOHHHeTO go Te3H L enH, KOHTO ca
nOCTaBeHH BCTpaHH OT npoKapaHHTe HanpaBneHHH, npM KOeTO OT
nmpBOTO 3aHHTHe ce H3HCKBa 06y'IaBaHHTe ga 3anHcBaT olipege-
JIHHOTO pa3CTOHHHe Ha XapTHH H ga He Ka3BaT CBOHTe peIIIeHHH Ha
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
rJiac. ToBa e Heo6xo).[Hmo, 3a ga He cH npeTaaT o6yqaBaHHTe ejwff
Ha Jjpyr.
Ynpa>KHeHHeTO Ce HOBTap5I HSIKOJIKO H'bTH npH pa3JIHtiHa CBeT-
JIHHa H BpeMe.
KoraTO BCHTIKH o6ytiaBaHH 3aBbpmaT caMOCTOSITeJIHO oulpege-
JI5IHeTO Ha pa3CTO5IHHeTO, p'bxOBOJjHTeJIHT nHTa BCeKH no OTJjeJIHO
3a pe3yJITaTHTe OT H3MepBaHeTO H cJ1eJj TOBa 0651BSIBa HCTHHCKOTO.
pa3CTO51HHe JjO H3MepBaHaTa Ijeii (MeCTeH npeJjMeT).
CHope,i; TOBa, Kax o6yTIaBaHHTe ca yCBOHJIH HauHHHTe, BpeMeTO,.
KOeTO CO OTnyc a 3a OKOMepHOTO OnpeJjeJIHHe Ha pa3CTOHHHHTa,
HOCTeneHHO ce cT 1cpau aBa.
3a Cb3JjaBaHe Ha HaBH1jM HpH onpeJjeJISIHe Ha pa3CT031HHSI CHO-
peJj BHJjHMOCTTa H H3rJIe)KJjanjaTa BeJIHTIHHa Ha 1jeJITa (MeCTH13
npe.J McTH) ce H3HOJI3yBaT BeTIe npoKapaHHTe HanpaBJIeHHSI. Ynpaxt-
HeHHSITa CJIeJjBa ga ce HpoBe i< aT no eTanH.
111, p B HST T e T a H . HMa 3a IjejI ga 3ano3Hae o6ytaaBaH-HTe JjO-
KOJIKO SICHO H go KaKBa H0Jjp06HOCT ce BH)KJjaT IjejIHTe (MeCTHHTe-
HpeJjMeTH), go KOHTO ce onpeJjejr pa3CT0sIHHeTO. 3a TOBa Ha HpOKa
paHaTa JIHHH51 npe3 BCeKH 100 .tit Ce HOCTaB51T HpHMepHO CJIeJWHTC-
IjeJIH : BOI3HHK-CTpeJIelj B nOJIO}KeHHe JIe?KeIIIKOM c nylnKa, JIeKa HJIH
Te3KKa HapTeiIHHTja H Jjp. B HaggaJIOTO Ha yfpa3KHCHHeTO. Ha 06y-
L1aBaHHTe ce JjaBa yKa3aHHe ga ce BrulejjaT B HOCTaBCHHTe Ha`
pa3JI14LTHH pa3CTO5IHH51 IjeJIH, 3anoTIBa13KH OT Hai-6JIH3KaTa, H CH'
3anHIIIaT B naMeTKaTa xapaKTepHHTe 6eJIe3H 3a BCSIKa oTJjeJIHT.
T3aCT Ha JjageHOTO pa3CT0HHHe.
BcnniHjjaxe Ha ynpaxKJjaT KaTO LIe nH
ca pa3nono>KeHH no-Zjaneue, OTKOJIKOTO HamHpaH;HTe ce Ha c1nnOTO
pa3cT0HHHe nO-rOJIeMH IjenH HMH npejjMeTH, HanpHmep npOTHBHH-
KOB BOIiHHK B nojio> eHHe CTOeLIIKOM HnH, OTjjeJIHO Jj'bpBO.
3a jja ce noxa>Ke Ha o6ytIaBaHHTe jjOKOJIKO IUBeTT,T Ha o6eiTa
BJ He Ha TOLIHOTO Onpejjen1He Ha pa3CTO5IHHeTO,.Ha H3BeCTHO
oTjjaneueHHe OT o6ytiaBaHnTe (100, 200, 300 ht) ce nOCTaBHT pejj
I.iWHTOBe B pa3nHLIeH ILBSIT (651n, OpaH>KeB, LIepeH, CHH, LlepBeH,
3eneH, Ka(pHB, CHB03eneH H T. H.). wHTOBeTe ce noCTaBHT Ha
eJLHaKBO pa3CTO5IHHe OT o6ytIaBaHHTe. CaMOCTOHTeJIHO o6ytlaBa-
HHTe ca jj]Tb>KHH jja Onpejje5$1T pa3CTO5IHHeTO go II(HTOBeTe H jja ro
Sarni uaT. Cnejj TOBa p-bKOBOjjHTenSIT npaBH pa36op, xaTO nojjiiep-
TaBa 3HaLIeHHeTO Ha $1pKHSI IjBSIT, ejjHaKBH1 ()OH (nnBajja, cHFIr,
HHBa) H n'bCTpOTa.
Tosa ynpa>KHeHHe ce noBTapx HSIKOJIKO n'bTH HpH pa3JIHLIHa
cBeTnHHa, B pa3JIHLIHO Bpeme npe3 jjeHS1, B pa3JIHLIHO C-BCTOSIHHe ?
is BpemeTO, pa3cTaB11 iKH ejjHOpoL HHTe Ije5H ejjxa LIaCT Ha CHHKa
H ejjna Ha cnbHge, HO BceKH n'bT Ha ejjHaKBO ozjjanegleHIIe OT 06y-
LIaBaHHTe. IIpH pa36opa ce oT6enl3Ba 3HatIeHHeTO Ha ocBeTSlBa-
HeTO BLpxy IjeJIHTe.
Tam, K-bgeTo mecTHHTe yCJIOBHH no3BoMHBaT, o6yuaBaHHTe ce
3anO3HaBaT C oco6eHOCTHTe B H3MepBaHeTO Ha pa3CTO5IHH5ITa B
nnaHHHHTe, xbgeTO npH LIHCTHH H np03paxieH B'b3jjyX BCHLIKH
npeRMeTH H3rneH< aT Ha no-65H3KH pa3CTOSIHHH.
OnpejjeMHHeTO Ha pa3CT03IHHeTO Tp16Ba jja ce H3BTbpIIBa npejw
BCI3LIKO OT HOJIO>KeHHe ne>KeuIKOM. npH 1436HpaHe Ha i enHTe ce
3ano1qBa OT HenOjjBH>KHHTe H ce npeMHHaBa KTLM nO5IB$1BaIIjHTe m
jjBH>KenjnTe ce. BpeMeTO, B TeLieHHe Ha KOeTO nOSIBSIBaIIjaTa ce
IjeJI oCTaBa HenojjBH>KHa. Tp16Ba noCTeneHHo jja ce HaMasDiBa;
3anogBa ce OT 10 CeKyHjj11 H ce jjOCTHra go 2-3 ceKyHjjH.
Tpsi6Ba jja ce OpraHH3Hpa TaKa, LIe BceKH o6yLIaBaH e>KejjHeBHO
ga HMa B'b3MO>KHOCT MHoro n'bTH jja ce TpeHHpa B onpegeJISIHe Ha
too
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
pa3CTO51x1$I, oco6exo B iIacoBeTe no ornesa r O rOTOBIla B npes
BpeMe Ha npe6HBaBaneTO Ha cTpen6HiueTo. 3a TpeHKpoBxnTe
HocoKaTa Ha IjenHTe OT nyHKTa, OT KOI3TO Tps16Ba g a ce onpejeilii
pa3cTogHHeTO, ce o603HatIaBa cbC CTpeJIKH HJIH noxa3aTernH, Ha
KOHTO ce 0T6en5I3Ba nopeJjHHSIT nomep Ha IjeJITa.
Ha BCHi3KH, KOHTO oupegeJISIT pa3cToslHHe, ce Zjana JIHCT 3a
onpegeJIHHe Ha pa3CTO3IHne.
Tpsi6Ba BceKH nr&T ga ce H36HpaT HOBI3 McCTa.
JIuCT 3a oupegenHHe us pa3cToaaaa
3BaHHe . . . . . . . HMe, npe3nre, 4)aMHnHSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,I1aTa . . . . . . .
NO Ha
uenTa
HaxMenonaHHe
Ha uenra
(HpepMCTa)
Onpe eiICHo
pa3CTOHHHe
j[eiicTBHTcJmO
pa3CTOHHHC
JjoHydHaTa
rpemxa, ?l.
3 a 6 e JI a xt K a. nocne,gHHTe TPH rpa4 M; ce nonbnsaT OT p'bKOBOZ[HTenH.
Pa300pT,T 3a pe3yJITaTHTe npH onpe4eimHe Ha pa3CTOHHHeTO
Tpa6Ba ga CTaHe B JjeHH Ha npone3KjjaHeT6 Ha yrpaWHeHHHTa H Ha
CbII OTO M$ICTO, OTKT eTO ce e H3BtpmmBaJIO Onpe) eJIHHeTO.
HpH pa3pa6oTKa Ha ynpa}KHeHHSI 3a onpejjeJISIHe Ha pa3CTOSIHH5I
Ha BHAHMH IjeiIH no 'brJIOBaTa BejnHLIHna C 'brnIOMepnnTe Mpewn Ha
6HHOK,bjia' H nepnCKona, a Taica Cbiijo H C MepHHTe HHHIKH Ha OHTH-
T-IecKHH mepHHK Tps16Ba ga ce HMa npejjBnJj, tie e Ijenec1o6pa3H6
n'bpBHTe 3aH3ITH51 nO T03H pa3yjeii ga CC npOBe,c aT Ha MHHHaTIOPL
HOJIHrOH (nHCbtieH caHJj'bK), H caeg TOBa Jja ce MHHe WbM 3aHHTHH)
Ha McCTHOCTTa.
3a 3aH51THe ce 1OCTaBHT H51KOJIKO ijeJIH (HJIn McCTHH npejjMeTH)
Ha C-bOTBeTHOTO pa3CT05IHHe Ha o6ytiaBaH*HTe. B HatiaJIOTO Ha 3aHSi-
THeTO phHOBOAHTeJISiT HanOMHR KaKBO e TLrJIOBa BeJIi3gHHa, C
KaKBO ce H3MepBa H nocoiBa npeJ'1uiCTBaTa lIO H3IIOJI3yBaHe Ha
xiui JjHaTa npeJ JjpyrnTe BeJIHTIHHH. CJie'Jj TOBa pa3sICH31Ba (pop=
101
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
,My7IaTa,,.Ha.}OSITO ce oCHOBana onpeAeJIsiHeTo Ha pa3CTOSIHngTa no
T,rJIOBaTa BeJIHUHHa. Cne) ICaTO 06sCHH pejja 3a oripejjenxne Ha
pa3CTOHHHeTO H uOKa)Ke pa3MepHTe Ha IjeJI14Te B CaHTHMeTpH, TOR
,3auoB,I,TjBa Ha o6yuaBaHHTe ga npeCMeTHaT CaMH KaKBO ule ftRe
pa3cTo5IHHeTO go I[eJITa, brJIOBaTa Ben1LIHHa Ha K031TO ce H3MepBa.
TIOJIyueHaTa BeJIHLIHHa ce npoBep5IBa, xaTO ce H3MepH pa3CTOSIHHeTo
.c poneTKa.3aTOBa o6yuaBaHHaT cq a, onnpaI3KH ce c gnaHHTe Ha
pT,ueTe, C KOHTO jj-bp)HH 6HHOKT,na, BT4DXy 6op,a . Ha MHHHaTIOp-
nonHrOHa (nSICT,LIHHa caH 1 H).
IIpenopwma ce B HaggaJIOTO Ha o6yggeHReTo 3a yjj06cTBo ripH
H3mepBaxeTO 6HHOKTbJrbT ga ce nocTaBSI Ha yjjo6eH ynop, nepH-
CKOnTT ,tea ce 3axperlBa Ha HSIKaKBa nocTaBKa, a rlyulKaTa c OIITH-
zIecKHH MepHHK .- Ha cTaHOK.
IIpH o6HCH5IBane 3HaueHHeTO Ha JjeneHHBTa Ha Te3H rlpH6opH
Tpx6Ba ga Hma yBeJIHLIeH LiepTe)x Ha mpexcaTa Ha 6HH0HT,na, nepH-
c ona H MepHHTe HHIIIKH Ha OIITHLIecIU15I MepHHK.
KaTo npeMHHe c o6yLIaBaHHTe TOBa ynpa)KHeHHe, pT1KOBOAHTe-
JInT noKa3Ba KaK ce H3MepBa T,rJIOBaTa BeJIHLIHHa Ha IjeJITa B nOJIO-
HKeHHe JIe)KeuuKOM. npH TOBa Ha BCHLIHH o6ytlaBaFTH rlopeg TOR
3anOB,gABa 6ga onpejjeJIHT pa3CTOHHHeTO go pa3JIH*dHHTe ije m Ha
1VIHHHaTIOp-nonHrOHa (n5ICT,LIHH51 caH9SH), H3MeHSIRKH, aKO Tpn6Ba,
pa3noiI0)xeHneTO HM go HTJIHOTO yCBOHBaHe Ha T03H pa3j;eJI OT
O6ytIaBaHHTe.
IIpH npOBe)xjjaHe Ha 3aHSITH3I Ha McCTHOCT pbKOBOgHTeJIHT
OTHagano cB,o6n aBa TOLIHHTe pa3mepH Ha geJITa Him McCTHHTe
iIpej{meTH, . a cneii TOBa o6y1iaBaHHTe orlpegenHT camoCTOSITenHO
pa3MepHTe. B TaKT,B CJIyLIaR pT,KOBOAHTeIIHT Tps16Ba ga 3Hae
HCTHHCKHTe pa3CT051HH51 go IjeJIHTe, TaKa LIe npH npoEepKa Ha pa6o-
TaTa Ha O6yLIaBaHHTe ga MO)Ke n0-CKOpO ga HaMepH onycHaTHTe
OT THX rpeluKH H ga HM rH nOCOLIH.
B 3aBHCHMOCT OT yCBOSIBaHeTO Ha Ha'IHHHTe 3a onpejjenHHe Ha
pa3CTOSIHHe C IOMOII1Ta Ha 1rnOMepHaTa Mpexca Ha 6HHOKbna H
3IepHCKOna, a TaKa C1,11 O H C MepHHTe HHIIIKH Ha OIITHLIeCKHSI MepHHK
p7~KOB09HTemiT noKa3Ba (H HO-HaTaTBK npeMHHaBa KT,M TpeHH-
poBxa) KaI< Ce H3MepBa T,rJIOBaTa BeJIHLIHHa Ha IjeJIHTe (MeCTHHTe
npeJjMeTH) C HpT,CTH, naTpOH, rHJ13a H RpyrH npeRmeTH.
npH CnejxBaHjHTe yrlpaWHeHHH o6yLlanaHHTe ce TpeHHpaT B
Onpejjens1He pa3CTO5iHHeTO no BCHLIKH HamHHH (c oxomep, C H3Mep-
BaHe, no LrjioBa BenHLIHHa) 3a cpaBHSIBaxe Ha TOLIHOCTTa HM.
Cnejj KaTO ce pa3pa6OT3IT OTjjeJIHO B'bHpOCHTe no Ha6Jno eHHe
tH onpejrenxxe Ha pa3CTOHHHH, TpS16Ba ga ce o6ejjHH3IT pa3jjeJIHTe
?Ha6nlo)ZeHHe Ha 6oRHOTO none" H ,OnpegeJIHHe Ha pa3cTOSIHHSI"
33 no-HaTaTT,IIIHOTO HM H3yLIaBaxe ga ce npoBew a o6Mo.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
xcaHBe u McTOI( Ha o6yileHHe"
IIpHMepao c%R'bp
no Ha6nioAenne n onpeReISHe pa3cT0KHHHTa
HpH oT6pana
IUen Ha 3aHHTHHTa, Aa ce gage npaxTHxa Ha CHaRrIepHCTHTe
3a Ha6roAanane H onpeAeniHe Ha pa3cTOHHHHTa ripH oT6paHa.
BpeMe. 2 maca.
Yme6HH n'bnpocn: 1. 1436Hpane Ha' Ha6AIOAaTejIeH IIyHKT,
pa3HOJIOHCeHHe H MaciHponxa.
2. H3yLIaBaHe Ha McCTHOCTTa H McCTHHTe npeAHTH.
3. H36HpaHe Ha OpHeHTHPH H OnpeAeJIHHe pa3CTOSIHHRTa go
THX.
4. Ha6JIIoAa.BaHe AeHCTBHSITa Ha npOTHBHHKa B TpaHuleHTa.
OTxpHBaHe Ha MacHHpaHH BORHHI1H, onpeAeJTHxe Ha AeRCTBHHTa HM
I3 AOKJTaJ 3a pe3yJITaTHTe OT Ha6JIK)AeHHeTO.
5. Ha6nio aBaHe 60RHOTO Hone, IjenIeHacogBaHe H OnpeAeMISTHe
pa3CTO3IHHSITa go nOHBHJIHTe ce uenH.
Heo6xoRHM 6poil HoHa3na'IH H MaTepHanHO ocnrypH-
Bane. 3a H3yilaBaxe Ha 1-HH yue6eH B-bnpoc-3 noxa3BauH c nynfKH
c no 10 XaJTOCIIH naTpoaa; 3a H3yuanaHe Ha 4-HH yue6eH Bvnpoc -
3 noxa3BauH H npeAmeTHTe, H36poeHH Ha cTp. 106; 3a H3yuanaxe
Ha 5-HH yue6eH B bnpoc - 5 noxa3Ba'H, 3 rpTAHH mHH1eH11 H
CAM MaKeT Ha KapTeLIHHIja. 3a 3aHHTHHTa ca Heo6XOAHMH BCHLIKO
5 noKa3Baur, noHexce eAHH H cbnuH noKa3BagH MoraT Aa 6-bAaT
H3HOJT3yBaHH IIPH H3y'IaBaHe Ha pa3JIHLIHHTe ygIe6HH n-bnpOCH.
IIOArOTOBKa 3a npoBeHCAaHe
H a 3 a H H T H e T O
P'bHOBOAHTeJIHT owe OT no-paHo H36Hpa C'bOTBeTHHH y*-IaCT'mK
OT MeCTHOCTTa. 3a pa3pa6OTBaHe Ha 1-HH yue6eH BbnpOC TOR
na6eJIx3Ba py6exc 3a pa3nonarane Ha cnaInepxcTHTe. PT,KoBo-
AHTeJIHT 3aHOBHABa BTOpHniT py6e}K Aa 6-bAe o6opyABaH C pa3JIHLIHH
McCTHH HpeAMeTH, HOHTO HaI3-MHoro ce cpenjaT B 60IHa o6CTaHOBKa
K 3aA KOHTO MoraT Aa ce pa3noJIo)xaT CHaIHepHCTIHTe. OCBeH TOBa
3a pa3pa6OTBaHe Ha 1-HH yue6eH B'bnpOC p'bKOBOAHTeJIHT 3anoB5IABa
Ha 150-250 At OT py6exca 3a Ha6nloLeHHe Aa ce o6opyJBaT ABa-
TpH Ha6111oAaTeJIHH nyHKTa Ha ,HPOTHBHHKa" H Ha3HaLIaBa Ha6Jno-
AaTeJIH c nymKH H XanIOCHH naTpOHH, nepxcxonH H 6HHOKJIH. 3a-
Aama Ha Te3H Ha6JnopaTeJIH e Aa BOAHT OCHOBHO Ha6roAeHHe no
py6exca in pa31-10J1oxceHHeTO Ha o6yuanaHHTe. KoraTO CHaIHepHCTHTe
ce npeABH)KBaT K'bm MecTaTa CH 3a Ha6Juo eHHe H ce ycTpou3BaT
ma THX, Ha6nioAaTeJIHTe OT CTpaHaTa Ha'?npOTHBHHKa", njOM KaTO
103
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
3a6ene)KaT HSIxaxBo rpy6o HapynIeHHe Ha npaBHAaTa 3a MacxI3posxa,
npoH3Be>Iq aT H3CTpen H AonaraT no TeJIe(poxa no KOH Togxa e
cTpeJIsIHO, HanpHMep : ?IIo KyntiHHaTa HaM bHH".
3a pa3pa6oTBane Ha 3-Hi yt e6eH B'bnpOC piKoBO HTensIT Ha-
6eJIH3Ba 15-20 pa3rn{ HH MecTHH npeJ.jieTH, onpejjensl pa3cTOSI-
HHeTO AO TSIX KOJIKOTO e BTi3MO)KHO 110-TOLIHO H 3aHHCBa RaHHHTe
B cxema HnH B cnel1HanHa Ta6JIHIja.
3a pa3pa60TKa Ha 4-HH yue6eH B%npOC pTAKOBO11ijHTeJIHT 3ano-
BHABa ga cc npHrOTBSIT pa3JIHLIHH npegmeTH, a TOR nogrOTBSL
noxa3BaxiH, KOHTO OT TpaHInesITa Hie 06o3HatlaBaT jjerICTBHS1Ta Ha
,,npOTHBHHKa". P.T,KOBOAHTeJI5IT 3anOBHgBa gHJIOTO npHrOTBeHO
HMyn[eCTBO ga cc CT,Cpej;oTOXIH OKOJIO TpaHIIIewTa H TaM ga cc Cb6epaT
BCHLIKH noxa3Ba*3H. CJIe,; TOBa TOR JIHLIHO noKa3Ba M31CTOTO Ha
nOCTaBSIHCTO Ha BCeKH npegMeT H yCTaHOBSIBa pea Ha JjelCTBHATa
Ha noKa3BagIHTe. IIO-HaTaT'bK TOR TpeHHpa noKa3BagHTe ga noxa3-
BaT MHn1eHHTe, a CJIej TOBa Ha3HatIaBa CTapIIIH, ioilTO ga pT,KOBOAH
TeXHHTe AeiCTBHH, Ha ROrOTO AaBa IIHCMeH, OCHOBHd pa3pa6oTei
nnaH 3a noKa3BaHe.
Cneg TOBa p1 HOBOJZHTeJIHT 3arOB5LJ Ba Ha rioKa3Baga, HaMHpaI1
CC B TpaHIneHTa, ga H3nbJIHH geiCTBHe Ha ?IIpOTHBHHIKAaT
MHOPO BHHMaTeJIHO, Aa ce 3aHOMHSIT K OT BpeMe Ha pee Aa ce
Ha6Jno aBaT. KaTO Aoi3AeTe C nOriieAa go JIgBaTa rpairn a Ha'no-
jiocaTa H o6XBaHeTe ZiaCT OT cu ce)HaTa, norJIe>KAaTe Marrxo Ha-
npeA H cc Bp-bnjaze B o6paTHa nocoxa (OT JIHBO Ha ASiCHO); 110
CbnIHSi HauHH pa3rne3KAaTe MecrHOCTTa go ASICHaTa rpaHHija Ha
rio iocaTa 3a HarOJnoAexHe H OTHOBO npexacsiTe nOrsle)a cH no-
HaTaTmK, xaTO nOCTeneHHo ro Bp'bnjaTe OT ASICHO Ha JISIBO. HO To3H
HagIHH pa3rJIe>KAaTe I1SiJIaTa cH nonIOca."
. CaeA 06SICHeHHSITa Ha p'bKOBOAHTeJI5 ABaMa-TpHMa 06ytIaBaHH
nopeA My AoxiiaABaT 3a BCHLIKO, KoeTO Te nje BH;IjsiT B yKa3aHaTa
noJioca 3a Ha6JIIogeHHe.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
CneA TOBa pT,KOBOAHTenDIT, KaTO H3MeHH nOCOKaTa - HnH OTHJje
Ha Rpyro M$ICTO, n000LIBa HOBa nojioca 3a Ha6nIogeHHe, oripeJ;eira
3-4 opHeHTHpa H 3anOB31ABa Ha BCHLIKH o6ytaBaHH ga 3aeMaT
McCTaTa 3a Ha6nIOgeHHe H ce IIpHrOTBHT ga gommo3KaT KaKBO BH>K-
,,paT. Cneg MaMKa nay3a pT,KOBOgHTen5IT 3anOB51 Ba Ha eAHH OT
o6yiiaBaHHTe ga J;OJIO>KH KaKBO BH>Kga TOR B nofrocaTa 3a Ha6nlo-
geHHe. KaTO H3cnyma goxnaga, pT,KOBOJ;HTenET 3anOB5IJ1Ba Ha
,i pyr o6ytiaBaH ga gOJIO>KH 3a CbIIJOTO. Cneg TOBa pT,KOBOJ;HTeJBT
npaBH JZoiyxag cam c Tien ga noxawe KaK cc J;OKnagBa 3a BCHLIKO
3a6eng3ano.
MHHaBar3KH KT,M 3-K51 yue6eH B'bnpOC, pT,KOBOAHTenSIT 3an0-
B51JjBa Ha BCeKH O6ytaBaH ga Ha6eiiexBa ce OT
3axpHTHe; KaTo
npo6Hra 15-20 Al,
nags B 3axpHTHe-
TO H noBege He
ce noxa3Ba
1 I 2 I 3
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N2 H HaHaienoBaHHe
Ha IICJITa
KSKHO npasH
noHa3Bag1 T
1 I 2 I 3
3. KapTegHH-
ua Ha n03HIXHH
4. Ha6anoAa-
TeJI
S. CHaHnepo?
Ba ABOHKa
P'LKOBOAHTeJIHT pa3Re.IH o6y11aBaHHTe Ha CMeHH, uOCTaBH HM
3agaLIa, yRa3Ba HM IIOJIOCaTa 3a Ha6rno enHe, onpeAenH 4-5
opHeHTHpa, Cbo6nqaBa HM HOMepaTa H HaHMeHOBaHHeTO. C ieg
TOBa TOR 3anOB31ABa Ha nopeAHaza CMHHa He3a6eJI513aHO Ra ce
npeABHwH go noco'IeHHH py6e>K, K'bgeTO BCCKH o6yuaBaH CH H3-
6Hpa MHCTO 3a Ha6JnogeHHe, macKHpa ce H H3ytlaBa McCTHOCTTa.
H0-KMCHO nO KOMaHga Ha p'bKOBOJ[HTeJIH 3anotIBa nOKa3Ba-
HeTO Ha I1eJIHTe. ueJIHTe Ce IOHBHBaT npe3 pa3JIHi1HH npoMe>Kgy-
TT,IAH OT pee B npoJ['brHeHHe Ha 20-25 MHHyTH.
IIPH OTKPHBaHe Ha BCHKa ueil o6yt1aBaHHTe q 3anHCBaT B
,,JIHCTa 3a onpeJjeJIHHe Ha pa3CTOHHH31".
CJIeA xaTO nora3BatIHTe H3nbJIHHT njIaHa 3a HOKa3BaHe Ha i e-
JIHTe, pT HOBOgHTeJIHT B3eMa JIHCTOBeTe OT o6yxlaBaHHTe H npasH
pa36op Ha 3aH3ITHeTO, cJIe,LZ KOeTO npasH H3BO9H no BCHLIKH pa3-
pa6oTeHH yTie6HH BbnpOCH.
MACKHPOBKA
MacKHpoBKa ce HapHmaT MeponpHHTHHTa H geIiCTBHHTa, H3-
nbJIHHBaHH c IjeJI Aa 6bAe 3a6nyJeH 11pOTHBHHKT,T. 3agaua Ha
MacHHpoBKaTa e Aa CKpne JjeI3cTBHTeJIHOTO H uOKawe JI%WJIHBOTO.
O6eKTH Ha MaCIllpoBKaTa ca: JIHUHHHT cbcTaB, MaTepHaJiHaTa
LIacT, OKOnHTe, XO9OBeTe 3a C'bo61I;eHHe, 3arpa>xgeHHHTa, npH3Ha-
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EAHH noxa3Baq cI Pa3nonara ce
MaKeT Ha KapTeq- CKPHTO; noKa3Ba
HHua ce no cnrHHJI Ha
pbKOBOJuaTeJIR
EAHH noxa3Baq cI IIo cHrHan Ha
6HH0K7.JI HnH MaKeT' pbKOBOAHTenn ce
Ha 6HHOHTaJI nOSIBSIBa 3aA Hn-
KaKbB McCTeH
npeAMeT (XpaCT,
KaMbx, KyynLIHHa
npbCT H T. H.)
EAHH noHa3Baq B HOSIBHBaT ce no
MacKHpOB'bgIeH Xa-I CHrHaJI Ha pi xo-
JIaT H ejaa rpbJHa BoAHTenn
MHIIIena ~
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
u$Te 3a ge13HOCTTa Ha BOACKHTe - gBH)KeHneTO, Or7,H3IT, 3BYKLT,
CBeTJIHHaTa H np.
MacKHpoBKaTa Tp316Ba ga 6sge:
1) npaBgO nOgO6Ha (HanpHMep MacxnpoBxaTa Ha CHaI3nepHCTa
nog xpacT, Ha none, KTbgeTO HxMa gpyrH xpacTH, e HenpaBgOnO-
g06Ha H We npHBJIeqe BHnmanneTO Ha I1poTHBHHKa);
2) HenpeKcbcnaTa, T, e. Tp3i6Ba ga ce nposexcga OT HagganOTO
g0 Kpax Ha 60AHHTe gei3CTBHH.
BHpjoBe M acxxpoB cn
MacxnpoBxaTa ce geJIH Ha ecTeCTBena H Texnnuecxa.
KI,m eCTeCTBesaTa macxnpoBKa cnagaT cnegHHTe:
1. HP 14CHO CO6xBaHe KLM McCTHOCTTa, T. e.
H3nOJI3yBane 3aIIHHTHHTe Ii CBOYICTBa, HaK-Ba)KHH OT KOHTO ca pe-
JIe(yT,T Ha McCTHOCTTa, IZBeTT,T H XapaKTep bT 11, paCTHTeJIHOCTTa H
McCTHHTe npegMeTH.
PeJIe(D-bT Ha McCTHOCTTa (gOJIHHH, OBpa3H, SIMH, gyHKH OT CHa-
pxgH H MHHH, KaHaBKH, BHCOLIHHH, KyntIHHH H T. H.) n03BOJISIBa
Ha CHalinepHCTHTe, Ha6JIIOgaTeJIKTe, OTgeJIHHTe BOI3HHIUH H pa3-
meTHTe ga ce CKPH31T OT Ha6mogeHHeT0Ha npOTHBHHKa.
npH nOgXOgx'Igo pa3HOJIO)KeHHe H C-LOTBeTeH IIO96OP Ha 11BeTa
Ha MaCKHpoB b'IHHx KOCTIOM IjBeVbT Ha MCCTHOCTTa IIO3BOJ13IBa ga
ce cneem c Hex H ga CTaHeM 3a npOTHBHHKa Hepa3JIHTlHMH H Hey3Ha-
BaeMH.
PaCTnTeJIHOCTTa H McCTHHTe npegMeTH n03BOJI3IBaT npH yMe-
JIOTO HM H3nOJI3yBaHe ga ce CKpHeM He CaMO OT 3eMHOTO, HO H OT
B'b3gynIHOTO Ha6nlogeHHe Ha npOTHBHHKa.
2. F I 3 n 0 J I 3 y B a H e Ha. a T M 0 C (J e p H H T e x B J I e-
H H x H y C JI O B H x T a 3.a O C B e T? x B a H e, a HMeHHO
H3rIOJI3yBaHe Ha HOwHaTa TT,MHHHa, iw rnnaTa, q)'bpTyHaTa, rOJIeMH5
CHerOBa.ne)K HJIH g-,xcg, a Ci,n o gBnweHHeTO OT nocona Ha CJIhH-
I(eTO.
K'bM TeXHH'IecxaTa MaCKHpOBKa ce OTHaCxT: 3aII FITHOTO OIJBe-
TgBaHe, geKOpaTnBHaTa MaCKHpoBKa, paCTHTeJIHaTa MaCKHpoBKa,
)HMO-nHpOTeXHHYecKaTa MaCKHpoBKa, 3ByKOBaTa H CBeTJIHHHaTa
MaCKHpoBKa.
1. 3 aIgHTHOTO oJJBeT3BaHe HMa 3a 1jenn ga ocH-
rypH Hepa3JIHT.IHMOCT, CKpHTOCT HJIH Hey3HaBaemoCT (H3OnatIaBaHe)
B'bHH1HH51 BHg Ha o6eKTa LIpe3 CLOTBeTHOTO My 6031rHCBaHe; TO
6HBa )Ba BHga: nogpaxcaTenxo 6o3igHCBaxe H Kamy4JIa)K.
nogpa HaTenxo'6oxgHcBane ce HapniIa O BeTxsaHCTO Ha npeg-
McTa c 4 oHa Ha 3ao6HKaJIRH1aTa ro McCTHOCT KaKTO Ha CBeTJIHHa,
109
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
Taxa H Ha Csixxa. IIpH 6oHAHCBane Ha HeriogBH}KHH o6eKTH ce
B3eMa OCHOBHHHT IjBHT Ha 4 OHa, B'pxy KOI3TO ce pa3noJIara.
HpH 60HAHCBaHe Ha o6eKTH, HaMHpaLLH ce B ABHxfeHHe, ce H3-
6Hpa Tax'bB 1qBHT, KO1TO Hai-MHoro 6H ce npH6JIHxcaBaJr J bM
BCHLIRH ()OHOBe, Ha KOHTO i e ce npoexTHpa no riSTA Ha ABHxce-
HHeTO.
KaMy4na3KTT npeACTaBJI5IBa H3onaxiaBaHe Ha BT,HIHHHH BHA
Ha o6eKTa, KO1TO ce 6OHAHCBa c Apyra, HecBOicTBeHa Hemy 6oi,
cnoco6Ha Aa YHHIgO}KH orO3HaBaTeJIHHTe 6ene3H Ha AaAeH o6eKT
H Aa ro Ae(popmHpa. C 6osi9HCBaxeTO Ha 0CBeTeHHTe LIacTH Ha npeA-
McTa C T'bMeH I1B3IT, a 3aT-bMHeHHTe B CBeTJIH ce fOJIyTIaBa H30na-
LiaBaHe Ha BbHIIIHHH BHA Ha npeAMeTa. BCHLIKH neTHa H nOJIOCH,
KOHTO ce nOCTaBHT Ha npeAMeTa, ce pa3nonaraT HeCHMeTpHLIHO.
(DopMaTa mm ce pa3HOO6pa3siBa KOJIKOTO e BTb3MO}KHO HOBeue,
CTpeMeiKH ce eAHO Apyro Aa He CH npHJIHgaT no HHI90. roJIeMH-
HaTa Ha neTHaTa ce onpeAenx OT pa3MepHTe Ha o6eKTa H BepOSIT-
HOTO p a3CTO5iHHe Ha Ha6Jno)eHHeTO My. UBeTBT Ha neTHaTa H n0-
JIOCHTe 3aBHCH OT rOAHIUHOTO BpeMe : npe3 3HMaTa ca AOCTaT'b1qHH
ABa 1 BSITa - tiepeH (T'bMHOKa(bsIB) H 6311I, 3a OCTaHaJIHTe rOAHHIHH
BpeMeHa - Hai-MHoro LieTHpH I1BHTa. EAHH OT gBeTOBeTe -TpH6Ba
Aa 61Ae 3aII;HTeH no OTHOIIIeHHe Ha 4)OHa, Ha KOI3T0 ce pa3noJIara
o6eKT'bT. IIO TaH bB HauHH npH CHSIr TOBa 11 a 6-bAe 6eJIH5IT IJBHT,
IIpH HaJIHLIHe Ha nHCbK npe3 JIHTOTO - }K'bJITHHT, 3a JIHBaAa,
ropa, xpaCTa.Iax - 3eJIeHHHT H Ap.
2.1exopaTHBHaTa MaCKHpoBKa CH noCTaBSr
3a i;en Aa H3onagH BHAa Ha o6eKTa, xaTO H3MeHH 4)opMaTa My c
MacKHpoBTb1IHa TexHHKa, a CbII(O Taxa CT,C C-b3AaBane Ha cneilHanHH
H31-(yCTBeHH MaCKH H JI b)xnHBH CbOpT,}KeHHH. 143KyCTBeHHTe MaCKH
ce ACnIT Ha BepTHKaJIHH, CKpHBaujH o6eKTa CaMO OT 3eMHHTe Ha-
6nI0AeHHH, XOpH30HTaJIHH, CKpHBan H o6eKTa CaMO OT BT,39yIIIHO
Ha6nIOAeHHe; npHxpHTHH, npHKpHBaigH OT Asa BHAa Ha6nioAeHHe..
3. PaCTHTen HaTa MaCKHpO BKa - H3nOn3yBaHe-
Ha }KHBaTa paCTHTeJIHOCT BT,B BHA Ha MaCKH 3a npHKpHBane Ha.
pa3JIHLIHHTe o6eKTH. MaCKHTe OT }KHBaTa paCTHTenHOCT Ca Hai
6nH3KH AO eCTeCTBeHHTe yCJIOBHH Ha McCTHOCTTa H OCHryp5IBar
AOCTarbgHO npoA'bn}KHTeneH MaCKHpOB'TdeH ecpeKT.
4. a HMO-rimpOTeXHHxieCKa MaC KHpO BKa ca
AHMHHTe 3aBeCH (oCnensBaWH, MaCKHpanjH, Jrb}KnHBH).
B MaCKHpoBKa 3arnyinaBa 3ByKa
Ha H3CTpena, iUyMa Ha MOTOpa H T. H. H BT,Be}KAa npOTHBHHKa B
3a6ny)-AeHHe c HMHTHpan; 3ByK.
6. CBCTJIHHHaTa MaCxHpoBKa npeACTaBn5Ba
Cna3BaHe Ha Hai-CTpora CBeTOMaCKHpOBT1tIHa AHCIXHnnHHa, KOHTO,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
He H03BOn51Ba ga ce HaJIH Or1,H B noMenneHHHTa H Ha OTKpHTO.
CBeTJIHHHaTa MaCKHpOBKa ce H3HOn3yBa H KaTO aKTHBHO CpeACTBO
3a 3a6ny3KIZeHHe Ha HpOTHBHHKa, 3a HpHBJIHL1aHe Ha BHHMaHHeTO
My KBM CBeTJIHHHH 06eKTH Hpe3 H0I9Ta.
'JIHLIHaTa MacKHpOBKa 3a CHarinepHCTa e H3-
B'bHpej[HO Ba)KHa; TOR TpH6Ba ga 6bLe HCTHHCKH MaI1CTOp B Ta3H
pa6oTa, HHaue TOR He Hxe MO)Ke ga H3HTbJIHH Te3H 60RHH 3agagiH,
KOHTO My ce B'b3JIaraT. ' OHHTTmT OT BenHxaTa OTei1eCTBeHa BoIHa
noKa3Ba, Lie CHaIInepHCTHTe, KOHTO ca ROIIyCHaJIH B nnpIHaTa ca
MaCKHpOBKa maKap H He3HaLIHTenHa He6pe)KHOCT, ca ce pa3HJIa-
H[aJIH 3a TOBa C )KHBOTa CH.
flog pTs4HH MaTepHamH H cpeRCTBa
HbpBOTO 3aHHTHe no MaCHHpOBKa pbHOBOgHTeJTSIT Tp516Ba Ra
opraHH3Hpa TaKa, tie He CaMO ga pa3Ka)Ke pa36paHo Ha o6yLlaBa-
HHTe OCHOBHHTe IIOJIO)KeHH31 no MacKHpOBKa, HO H ga noKa)Ke
1gaTHHTe MaCKHpOBbtHH CpeACTBa, a TaKa CTLI40 H IIOApT,tHHTe
MaCKHpOBTbLIHH MaTepHanH H cpeI;CTBa. HO BpeMe Ha 3aHSITHA
Hpe3 JI5ITOTO YIIOPBT ce IIpaBH OT HOgp-bL1HH MaTepHaJIH H cpeACTBa.
Te ce RenxT Ha:
1) H3ceteHa paCTHTenxocT (KJIOHH H MaJIKH A'bpBeTa);
2) LTHMoBe;
3) Mpe)KH, HJIeTeHHI;H, por03KH;
4) CKeneTHH MaTepHanH.
3a H3cetieHaTa paCTHTeJIHOCT pbHOBOAHTeJI51T
rasa Ha o6yuaBaHHTe CJIeAHHTe CBej[eHHH.
)1'b6'LT, 6pe3aTa H KneHbT 3aHa3BaT CBe>K I;BSIT Ha JIICTaTa CH
Haft-MHorO TpH j[HH; JIHCTaTa Ha TpeneTJIHKaTa IIOTBMHSIBaT Hpe3
BTOpOTO J);eHOHO1ijHe; OTcetIeHHTe HrnOJIHCTHH J);'bpBeTa OCTBBaT
3eJIeHH J>;O 10 J>;HH (60p%T Ho-J>bnro OT enXaTa). Hpe3 3HMaTa JIHC-
TaTa Ha HrnOJIHCTHHTe KJIOHLIeTa CH OCTaBaT 3eneHH go HponeTHOTO
3aTOIIJISIHe. a'bpBeTa, H3paCJIH Ha neCbtIJIHBH H cyXH MecTa, no-
6aBHO yB51XBaT, OTKOJIKOTO Te314, KOHTO paCTaT Ha Bna)KHH McCTa.
KJIOHKH OT ) bpBeTa, KOHTO paCTaT B KpaI Ha ropaTa, yBSIXBaT
no-6aBHO, oTKOJIKOTO KJIOHKHTe OT JbpBeTaTa OT cpeRaTa Ha ro-
paTa. KOJIKOTO IIOBeiie JIHCTa HMa Ha KJIOH, TOJIKOBa HO-6'bp3o
yBSIXBaT. OTpH3aHHTe B'bpXOBe 6bp3o yB5JXBaT.
OTceLieHaTa paCTHTeJIHOCT HpH MacKHpoBKa Ha 06eKT ce pa3-
Honara TaKa, KaKTO TS1 e 6HJIa B eCTeCTBeHHS1 CH BHA, 3aIIjOTO HHaTIe
Ti! H;e ];eMacKHpa. HpH MaCKHpOBKa Ha pa3JIHLIHH c.IeAK H yTbnK-
BaHH51 3eneHHHaTa ce pa3XBBpnsI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpH BepTHxasIHH MacKH oTceuexaTa 3eneHHHa H cyxH KJIOHKH
ce 3a6oHKJ(aT B cHera Ha Jj-bn6o-
LIHHa rrpHMepHO Ha 30 cm. MacKaTa OT CyxH KJIOHKH He Tp3i6Ba ga
6-bge noBeue OT 1,5 At, a OT xnOHH 1 McT7,p. B XOpH3OHTaJ1HHTe
MaCKH MaCKHpOBT,XIHHHT MaTepHan ce BIJIHTa He HaBC31KT e, a Ha
OTJjeJIHH neTHa, no-rLCTO KT,M cpe,r aTa H no-P5191H ga ce BnnHTa 3eneHHHaTa. ,T,nSKHHaTa Ha KJIO-
HHTe B T03H cnyua1l TpH6Ba J;a 6i, a go 0,5 M, Ha TpeBaTa -
0,3-0,4 M.
MT,XI,T H naL HaJIHTe JIHCTa ce H3non3yBaT rnaBHO npe3 eceHTa.
CeHOTO H cnamaza ce H3non3YBaT 3a HMHTHpaxe Ha KOfH cello H
CnaMa, cnaMeHH noxpHBH H T. H.
CHainepHCT1Te H3non3yBaT LI H M 0 B e T e 3a maciHpaxe
Ha no3HI;HHTe.
M p e >IC H T e ce nneTaT OT cTH6naTa Ha Tp bcTHKOB14 HH
TpeBH H OT xopaTa Ha MnaJja paxlTa. OTHatIano ce npHrOTBSIT
(ycyxsaT) BT,}KeHlja, a ciic TOBa OT T31X ce H3nnnzaT Mpe>xH c
JjYH HI H 10 X 10 CM.
II n e T e H H IA H OT KJIOHH HJIH cyxH npT,TH ce npaBRT B
TCBaJjpaTHa cjopMa cT,c CTpaHH He noBeLle OT 1,5 M H c JjynxH c
ronemxna 20-25 cM.
P o r 0 3 K H T e ce npaBHT OT CnaMa, TpTCTHKOBHJjHH TpeBH,
.gpe6HH, CyXH KJIOHH OT enxa. Te ce H3IOJI3yBaT B7bB BepTHKaJI-
.HHTe MacxH 3a MaCHHpOBKa Ha cxairlepoBH n03HIjHH H 3a npH-
rOTBHHe Ha HaMeTana.
C Ke31eTHH MaTepHan H ca gbCKHTe,npT,THTe, KJIO-
HHTe H CyXHTe BbpIIIHHH. KOHCTpyKIjHSITa Ha CKeneTHTe cC
noJj6Hpa npH BceIcH OTJje5IeH cslyqai B 3aBHCHMOCT OT I;enza Ha
MaCKHpOBKaTa. UOrT,JIHHTeneH MaTepHaJI 3a TaKHBa CKeneTHH KOH-
cTpyKIjHH MoraT ga 6'I aT cHer1,T, 3eMATa, LIHMOBcTe, KOpaTa Ha
J.j'bpBeTaTa H T. H.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
UaTHO MacKHpoB%mHo HMyII;CCTBO
JIeTHHHT MacKHp 0B T,xi eH KOCT10M Ce CT,CTOJ
OT KypTKa B 3aII[HTeH IAB$IT C KaggyJIKa H naHTaJIOHH, BT,pXy TT,KaHTa
Ha KOHTO ca 3aKpeneHH CHOrIleTa OT oI[BeTeHO pa3HHrgeHO JIHKO.
Haft-Ao6pa MacKHpOBxa ocnrypaBa KOCTIOM-BT npu IIOJIO>Hellne
JIe3KeHIKOM Bbpxy McCTHOCT C Iiu 600 2.
3 HMHHSIT MacKHp0BT,LIeH K0CTIOM ce npaBH
OT 6sln nnaT. 3a MacxHpaxe Ha p-bueTe B KOMnneKTa Ha KOCTIOMa
BJIH3aT 6enn p-bKaBHnH. JIHueTO ce rioxpHBa c MapJISI. IIpH npe-
HacsIHe H 3a npegna3Baxe OT 3aMT,pcsIBane KOCTIOMT,T ce nOCTaB5I
B Cnel[HaJIHa Top6HUxa.
C xocTloma Haft-,T;o6pe ce MacKHpa HPH CHeroBaJIe>K H npH
mpaLIHO Bpeme. Ha Mir KOCTIOMT,T MacKHpa Haft-Ao6pe B rlonoxce-
HHe JIe>KeHIxoM. KOCTIOM-bT ce o6nHLIa B-bpxy CHapsl>KeHHeTO.
Te>xH 600 r.
3 HMHFSIT MaCKHp0 B T, LIeH XanaT HMa c'bnqaTa
()OpMa, KaKTO H neTHHSIT MacKHpOBT,ueH XanaT, HO ce npaBH OT
63m nnaT. XanaTT,T ce o6nHLIa B7,pXy CHapsnTeHHeTO. KTM xaJIaTa
HMa pT,KaBHI[H 3a MacKHpoBKa KHTKHTe Ha pT,IjeTe. 3a npeHaCSIHe
H npegna3BaHe OT 3aMT,pCSIBaHe XanaTT,T ce rOCTaBSI B cneIXHanHa
Top6HLIKa. XanaTBT MacKHpa Ro6pe- Ha CHSIr, HO HaI3-go6pe B nO-
no>KeHHe ne>xeHIKOM. 06nHLIa ce 3a 1 MHHyTa. Te>KH 800 2.
M a c K H p O B Ti g H a T a M p e >K a HMa pa3MepH 15O X 75 cM.
OT BCIILIKH CTpaHH Mpe>KaTa a 061HHTa C BpT,BLIHI;H, Kpariu aTa Ha
KOHTO ca cnycHaTH HO T,rjiHTe Ha AT,n>KHHa 75 cm. B Mpe>KaTa ce
ynnHTa HO pT,LIeH Macxnpan MaTepHan. Mpe>KaTa ce 3axpenBa no
CneJ;HHSI HatIHH: npegHHTe xpaHiga Ha o61IIHBaHcTO ce 3axpensaT
KT,M I1osICHHA pemr,x, mpe> aTa ce npexBTipnsl npe3 rnasaTa H Sag-
HHTe xpaHnja Ha 061IIHBKaTa ce CB7,p313aT C ToxaTa Ha pemr,Ka
C B7,3eJI, KOATO Mo>xe JIeCHO ,na ce pa3B7,p3Ba. BnaroJiapeHHe nopTa-
8 llo>;roTosxa Ha cHailnepxcra
113
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
THBHOCTTa K maJIIOTO Terno, a Taxa CT&u o H MaJIKOTO Bpeme 3a npH-
BexcJjaHe mpe>KaTa OT ,Iioxo gHo" nOJIO>KeHHe B ?60RHO" (Heo6xo-
AHMH ca caMO HHKOJIKO MHHyTH, 3a ga ce BnneTe B Mpe>HaTa no--
I'bTIHHSIT MaTepHaJI - Rpe6HH KJIOHTIeTa, TpeBa H T. H., H ce
HaMeTHe Ha rnaBaTa H paMeHeTe) MaCKHpOBTbtIHaTa mpexca ce SIBSHBa
MHOTO y9O6HO CpeACTBO 3a HHgHBHj[yaJIHO MaCKHpaHe. 3a neTHHSI
H eceHeH nepHojj mpe>KaTa ce 6OSIJjHCBa CT C 3an1HTeH I1BSIT, 3a
3HMHHSI - 6slna. O6aTae Tps6Ba ga ce HOMHH, qe 6e3 ga ce
BnneTe egHH HnH Jxpyr rioJjpTTIeH maTepHan, CbOTBeTCTByBaIIj Ha
IpOHa, Mpe>KaTa He MaCKHpa C IjBeTa cH. B noJIOxceHHe newemKOM
npH H3KyCHO H3nOn3yBaHe Ha McCTHOCTTa MpexcaTa nO3BOJI3IBa
Ha CHaIhIepHCTHTe ga ce HaMHpaT CbBCeM 6n03KO go npOTHBHHKa
H ga He 6T,J;aT 3a6en313aHH OT Hero. IIpe3 Bpeme Ha BenHKaTa OTe-
TIeCTBeHa BOIIHa MacKHpOBT~LIHaTa Mpe>Ka ce H31On3yBana MHOrO
IIIHpOKO H e nonyTiHna IIOJIO>KHTenHa OIjeHKa.
O61yx npannna no MacKHpoB'bgla gHcI;HnTIHHa
CHaI3nepHCTTD'r Tpl6Ba g a nOMHH Te3H rlpaBHJIa, KOHTO HMaT
3HaTIeHHe 3a HeroBaza 6,bgea a 6OiIHa pa6oTa. Te3H rlpaBHJia ca
Cne AHHTe :
- npH OTHBaHe 3a H3II'bnHeHHe Ha 60IIHa 3agagla ga nperneJja
CHapM>KeHHeTO CH H J;a ro HarnacH TaKa, Tae TO ga He H3JZaBa HH-
KaKBH 3ByKOBe, KOHTO MoraT ga II3JjaJ[aT CHaI3nepHCTa;
- npH JjBH>KeHHe no OTKpHTa McCTHOCT 3a cxpoBaHe Ha ABH-
>KeHHeTO ga ce H3non3yBa HamHpaIgaTa ce no Hest paCTHTenxocT
(BHCOKa TpeBa, xpaCTH, noceBH OT >KHTO H T. H.), a Taxa c n o
KaxaBKHTe, MorHJIHTe H T. H.; npH JjBH>KeHHe ga ce H36SIrBaT
TaKHBa yT1aCTbIjH OT McCTHOCTTa, Ha 4)OHa Ha KOHTO o6neKJIOT0
Him MaCKHpOBTit1HH5IT KOCTIOM PH3KO ce OTJIHT3aBaT;
- B HHKaKbB CnygaH ga He ce H3nOJI3yBaT OTP313aHH KJIOHTIeTa
3a MacKHpOBKa B J[BH>KeHHe;
- npH ) BH>KeHHe npe3 MaJ1KH xpaCTH, Tp'bCTHKa, BHCOKH
HHBH 3aJj-bn>KHTeJIHO' Tp516B a ga ce BfpBH nperi,p6exo, KaTO CH
npaBH n'bT C p1KaTa;
- . B ropaTa nOnSIHHTe He Ce npecHTIaT, a ce 3ao6HKaJISIT; IThTH-
njaTa He ce H31IOn3yBaT, a Ce B-bpBH BCTpaHH OT TSIX, KaTO ce cxpH-
BaT 3aj; paCTHTeMHOCTTa; oco6eHa npeJjna3JIHBOCT Tp$16Ba J;a HMa
npH H3nH3aHeTO Ha Kpax Ha ropaTa;
- KBM HaceneHHTe McCTa ce npH6nHwaBa He no rIBTSI, a npe3
3eneHT1yKOBHTe n RpyrH rpaJZHHH; B CaMOTO Haceneno MSICTO ga
ce B'bpBH 110 ceHLIeCTaTa CTpaHa Ha ynrljaTa;
- npH Mapui HOHjem He ce nyinH H He ce pa3roBapS1;
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
- npH nouBBxa AeHem ce pa3nonaraT no cexnHTe Ha mecTHHTe
npeJmeTH;
- Ad He ce yT'bnxsaT HOBH nl,TeKH no I;enHHaTa, Ad He ce
pa3IIIHp5BaT cbn eCTByBaIurTe, HOHTO ce H3nOn3yBaT; nOCOKaTa
Ba n'bTeKHTe ce H36Hpa Taxa, tie Te Ad He 6bJaT Ha6noAaBaHH OT
3eMHHSI npOTHBHHK;
- npH 3aemane HO3HIAHq OT CHaI3nepHCTa. OTHaLIano ce OTHBa
AO n'b}xnHBO MHCTO, Cnej TOBa ce Bpi,iua no c'bIukTe CneAH H ce
3aema no3HuH3ITa; ,
- B CTyJ[eHH AHH ce AHIIIa B p bKaBa Him ce 3aB'bp3Ba AonnaTa
TIaCT Ha nHueTO c KbprIa, 3a Ad He ce 3a6eJIA3Ba AHIIIaneTO;
- npH n'bpBa Bb3MO}KHOCT Ad ce 3aCHISIT C LIHCT CHAP BCHLIKH
CneuH OT pa60TaTa H 3aM bpceHHHT CHAr.
McTOJ;HmecKH cbBeTH no opraHH3ai;HMTa H nponexc)aHeTo
Ha 3aHATHHTa no MacxHpoBKa
3a Ad ce noxa3Ke HarneAHO Ha o6ytiaBaHHH AOKOJIKO eAHH HJIH
jpyr Tepees OT McCTHOCTTa cnomara HJIH npeuH Ha MacKHpOBKaTa,
xaK no-npaBHJIHO Ad ce H311053yBaT pened)'mT Ha mecTHoCTTa, Ape6-
HaTa paCTHTenHOCT H pa3JIHLIHHTe McCTHH npeAMeTH, a 'TaKa C'bH;O
H CeHKHTe, naAaluH OT THX, pbKOBOAHTenHT 1436Hpa H nOAPOTBA
3a 3aHATHe HAKOJIKO ytIaCT-bKa, Ha KOHTO Ad HMa H paBHa nOB-bpX-
HOCT, H HepaBeH peJIe() (MorHMH, KaHaBKH, AMH, IIIHpOKOJIHCTHH
H HPJIOJIHCTHH ATbpBeTa, XpaCTH C pa3JIHLIHa roneMHHa, nTbHOBe,
xyntIHHH, KOnH ceHO H T. H.), TpeBHCTa noxpHBxa H xpaCTH, n0-
ceBH OT cenCKOCTonaHCKH KynTypH H HHBH, OroneHH nrC'bLIHH H
TnHHeCTH nOLIBH, nBTHlua H T. H.
n.pe3 BpeMe Ha TOBa 3aHATHe e uenec1 o6pa3HO Ad ce pa3pa6o-
T51T TaKHBa B bnpOCH KaTO AeMacRnpan H np143HauH H JIHLIHa
MacKIIpOBKa C nOApTbT-IHH Cpe3CTBa H Cne, TOBa Ad ce MHHe WbM
B-bllpoca 3a H3nOJI3yBaHe npe3 BpeMe Ha MaCKHpOBKa pene(pa
Ha McCTHOCTTa, McCTHHTe npeAMeTH H ceHKH.
,11 emaCKHpanI H npH3Ha9H. IIpeAH BcHLIKO TpH6Ba
Ad ce OueHH 3ao6HKan3mnaTa McCTHOCT, a CneA Tosa Ad ce H36HpaT
cpeAcTBaTa 3a MacxHpOBxa. IIpH O>KbxaTO none He Tpa6Ba Ad ce
H31On3yBa CbI4HAT KOCTIOM, KOI3TO e 6HJI H3lOJI3YBaH 3a HeOKO-
ceHa JIIBaAa HJIH H3OpaHa HHBa. 3aTOBa aKo McCTHOCTTa, Ha KOATO
CHaylnepHCThT me TpI6Ba Ad H3n-bnHABa CBOATa 60AHa 3aAaua,
HMa HAKOJIKO (bOHa, a He CaMO eAHH, 6H TpA6BaJIO 6'bp30 Ad ce
3aMeHH eAHH BHA'MaCKHpOBKa c Apyr; eAHOBpeMeHHO C TOBa ce
1136Hpa CHrypHO 3aKpHTHe, KOeTO Han-bnHO Ad CKpHBa cxaIinepMICTa
OT HpOTHBHHKOBOTO Ha6Jno eHHe.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
? Ho J;axce H npH go6pa MacKHpOBKa Ha McCTHOCTTa He Mo>KeM.
ga 6-bgeM ysepeHH, TIe npOTHBHIKTiT H5Ma ga OTKpne cnal3nepHcTa,
?3a TOBa Mo>Ke ga cTaxe HpHUHHa H co6CTBexaTa my c5IHxa. B 3aBH-
CHMOCT OT nOCOKaTa Ha OCBeTRBaHCTO, T. e. meCTOHaXO>E(geHHeTO-
Ha CXbHijeTO, CSIHKaTa MO>Ke ga 6i e OTnpeg, OTCTpaHH HJIH OT3af;_
HaII-MHOTO geMaCKHpa CHHKaTa, naJawa npeg CHalulepMCTa,
o6atie B CTAgOTO BpeMe, KoraTO CJIThHLjeTO CBeTH B JIHI[eTO Ha Hpo-
THBHHKa, 3aTpygHSIBa Ha6JHo eHHeTO My. 3aTOBa CHalinepHCTTbT
B73B BceKH OTgeJleH cjiyTIaII we Tp316Ba ga pemasa KaK me my 6i e
no-H3rogHO ga HOCT'bHH. HaI3-,go6pe e ga ce ,pa3geJIH" CbC CSIH-
KaTa cH, pa3noJlaral3xM ce Ha CSIHKaTa Ha HHKax'bB McCTeH npej er
(XpaCT, Kona, OCTaHKH OT CTpOe>K H T. H.). Ho H B T03H cJlyqall
TpsT6Ba ga Ce 3Hae, qe CSIHKaTa Ce AB14WH (nO-TOTIHO, McHH McCTO-
pa3nOJIOH(eHHeTO CH B 3aBHCHMOCT OT BpeMeTO), 3aTOBa H CHaI3ne-
pHCT-bT we TpH6Ba OT pee Ha pee ga npoMeHH MHCTOTO CH T3
3aBHCHMOCT OT noJio>KeHHeTO Ha C5IHKaTa. Tp516Ba ci,wo Aa cc
3Hae, Tae Hail-MasIKa CSTHKa HMaMe no o6eg, a Haft-g-wira - CyTpHH,
npH H3rpeB cJTbHL[e, H Betiep, npH 3a.Ie3.
OCo6eHO cepnO3HO Tpri6Ba ga cc oTHacYIMe H B3eMame Mepx13
?npOTHB CeHKHTe" npe3 3HMaTa. CHer'bT npaBH McCTHOCTTa eJ[HO-
o6pa3Ha no gBHT. Ha CHera MHoro p5I3KO ce pa3JIHTIaBaT BCSIKaKBI3
CeHKH. IIo C)opMaTa HM HOTITH BHHarH 6e3norpeHIHO mo>Ke ga cc
onpege3IH caMHSIT o6eKT.
IIIHpOKOJIHCTHHTe Jj'bpBeTa H XpaCTH 6e3 JIHCTa JIOLHO npnxpH-
BaT OT 3eMHOTO Ha6JII0AeHHe. CeHKHTe HM Ca MHOrO cna6li (npo3-
paTIHH), npH pa3HOJlaraHe B CeHKHTe Ha xJIOHHTe HM JIOIHO Ce npH-
KpHBa OT Ha6n}o,r eHHeTo Ha npoTHBHHxa. HaA-6JIaronpHxTHa 3a
CKpHBaxe Ha CeHKHTe B TaKOBa pee we 6Bge McCTHOCTTa, Ha
KOHTO HMa ytiaCT'bgH, HeHOKpHTH C7,C CHSIr, CTp'bMHH 6perOBe Ha
peKH, 9OJIOBe H OBpa3H. Ha TaxmBa TTBMHH OrOJIeHH ?neTHa" OT
McCTHOCTTa e HaII-ygo6HO ga Ce CKpHe CO6CTBeHaTa CSIHKa.
OCHOBHOTO MaCKHpaHe Ha CHaI3nepHCTa H HerOBaTa CSIHKa MO>Ke
ga He JIOCTHrHe L[eJITa CH, aK0 Ce 3a6paBH MaCHHpaHeTO Ha JIHL[eTO
H p-bgeTe. Ha pa3CTOSIHHe Te Ce B b3npHeMaT KaTO CBeTJIH neTHa n
3a npOTHBHHKa Te 6HBaT CLB'bpuneHO 6e3norpeIHHH H TOTIHH n0-
Ka3aTeJIH 3a McCTOHaxoHKe H noKa>Ke BCHLIKO, o6yLIaBaHHTe Tps16Ba
Aa yCBO51T CneAHOTO.
He e AOCTaTT,gHO Aa cc H36epe noBetle Him no-ManKO nOgXOAAII O
o611eKJIO 3a LIBeTa Ha McCTHOCTTa; 3aulwTHHTe KageCTBa Ha o611eK-
JOTO cc 3aCHJIBaT c eCTeCTBeHHTe (HOAp'bLIHHTe) cpeACTBa, 3a Aa
Monte no-nT,nHO Aa cc Cne51T C (4OHa Ha McCTHOCTTa. npH n36op
Ha eCTeCTBeHH (no p'LuHH) cpeACTBa 3a MacKnpoBKa cnegBa Aa cc
o6p,bula rOJI1MO BHHMaHHe Ha paCTHTeJIHOCTTa, K051TO cc HaMHpa
OKOJIO MSICTOTO, xbgeTO we cc pa3nono>KaT cnaI3nepncTnTe, n cc
pemin xoe HaH-MHoro ule noAxo>Kga 3a MacxHpaxe - TpeBa, IABeT51,
KJIOHH OT HrJIOJIHCTHI nnH IIIHpoKOJIHCTHH A'bpBeTa H T. H. 3O
3aeMaHCTO Ha n031411H51 (1)OH'hT Ha McCTHOCTTa cc OLleH5IBa H cc penlaBa
K'bAe e yMeCTHO ga cc npeMHHe, 3a ,ila MO)xeM necno H 6'bp30 Aa cc
119
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
3aMacKHpaMe. IIpH npomsma Ha MHCTOTO, aKo 4)OHT,T Ha HOBHA
nyHKT CC pa3JIHLIaBa OT npeAHIIIHHA, MaCKHpOBKaTa ce cMeHA.
IIpe,gH ga ce Hanycxe HO3HIAHATa3 eCTeCTBeHHHT MacHHpoBT,geH
maTepHan (HJIOHH, TpeBa, cnama H T. H.) ce noCTaBSI B 3axpHTHe
H Beue Cneg TOBa 6aBHO upe3 nMn3eHe ce OTHBa 9ISO HOBOTO MHCTO.
Cneg TOBa pT,KOBOgHTenSIT, xaTO' pa3genH BCHLIHH o6y*IaBaHH
Ha 9BOIiKH, npHCTI,fBa KT,M TpeHHpOBKaTa HM, yxa3Bal3KH: 1) Me-
CTOpa3nOJIO}KeHHeTO Ha BCAKa gBOItHa (He TpA6Ba ga nO3BOJISIBa
ga CH H36HpaT caMOCTOATeMHO MSICTOTO) H 2) OTKT, j[e ,,npOTHBHHxT,T"
BO,E H Ha6JI109eHHeTO.
IIpi MacxHpoBKa o6ygaBaHHTe (Ha .L BOI3KH) CH noMaraT eAHH
Ha ,c pyr.
PT,xOBO,IjHTenSIT H HeroBHAT HOMOMHHK npOBepABaT AOKOJIKO
MaCKHpOBKaTa e npaBHJIHa.
170-HaTaTT,HIHaTa TpeHHpOBxa Ha o6ygaBaHHTe ce npOBe>Kga He
CaMO B gacoBeTe, OTgeneHH 3a 3aH3ITH3I HO MaCKHpOBKa, HO H B via-
coBeTe 3a 3aHHTH31 no Ha61nogeHme, OnpegenHHe Ha pa3CTOAHH31, a
Taxa CT,H{O npe3 pee Ha TaKTHgeCKHTe H CTpenKOBHTe 3aH31THH.
H3nOn3yBaHe 3a MacKHpoBKa pease( a Ha
M c C T H O C T T a, M c C T H H T e n p e A M e T H H C e H-
K H T e. YLIaCTI,KT,T OT McCTHOCTTa, Ha KO1 TO ce pa3pa6OTBa
T03H B'Lnpoc, 614 TpA6Bano ga HMa HaI3-pa3JIHLIHH MOrHnH, AMH,
KaHaBKH H MeCTHH Hpe,I;MeTH.
Cneg KpaTKO HOACHeHHe p-bKOBOgHTeJ T jjaBa CHrHaJI ga 3a-
nOLIHe nOKa3BaHeTO. UeJITa my e ga HaythH o6ygaBaHHTe Kax n0-
npaBHJIHO g a H311OJI3yBaT pene4 a Ha McCTHOCTTa H McCTHHTe npen-
meTH.
uenecbo6pa3HO IIue 6T,Ae ga ce noxawaT HenpaBHJIHHTe HagIHHH
no H3non3yBane peneq)a Ha McCTHOCTTa H McCTHHTe npegMeTH;,
TOBa n e 1-103BOJIH Ha o6yLlaBaHHTe no-Z(o6pe ga 3anoMH31T HaxIHHHTe
H ga yCBOAT npaBHJIHO ypoxa. OT BpeMe Ha Bpeme pl,xOBO9HTengT
HHTa oGyuaBaHHTe 3an o He Tps6Ba ga ce npHnara e,IjHH HJIH gpyr
HaAHH, xaTo H3HCxsa H3tJepnaTenHH OTrOBOpH.
3a noxa3Baxe ca Heo6xojjHMH e9HH HnH gBaMa noxa3BagH,
Ao6pe HHCTPYKTHpaHH 3a noKa3BaHe npaBHJIHHTe H HenpaBHJIHHTe
HatHHH HO H3IOn3yBaHe MeCTHOCTTa H McCTHHTe II McTH H HO
OTHOIneHHe pega 3a npeMHHaBaHe OT CAM TOgKa Ha ,i(pyra. 3a Ta3H
uen e >KenaTeJIHO ga ce H3HOn3yBaT cep>KaHTH, KOHTO HMaT OIIHT B
o6yLIaBaHe Ha CHai nepHCTH.
IIpH HTpBHA CHrHan Ha pyKOBOgHTenl noxa3Bag'bT npaBHJIHO
H3nOn3yBa 3a MacKHpaHe ej(HH HJIH upyr o6eJT, 110 BTOpHA CHPHan
noKa3Ba rperIKHTe, KOHTO ce gonycxaT npH HeyMeno H3nOn3yBaHe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
sa MaCKHpoBxa Ha C-bnjHH o6eKT. TpeTH5T CHrHaJI Ha pT,KOBOJ);HTeJIH
ce HBBBa 3arIOBeJj 3a noKa3Baxia ga npeMHHe Ha CJIegBaWHH o6eHT.
CJTeg xaTO cB'bpnlH noxa3BaxeTO, IjsinaTa rpyna o6yuaBaHH
,Ce pa3geJIH Ha gBe uacTH, OT KOHTO e,L HaTa 1109 KOHTpoJIa Ha no-
MOIIjHHK-pT,ROBOJ1;HTeJI3I ce TpeHHpa no H3nOJI3yBaHeTO Ha nocoiie-
HHTe o6eHTH 3a MacKHpOBKa, a JjpyraTa nOJj KOHTpOJTa Ha CaMHH
pb,KOBOJ);HTeJI Ha6illo aBa JjeftCTBHHTa Ha nT,pBaTa H OT6eJIH3Ba
rpeniKHTe. CiieJ1; TOBa rpynHTe cm CMeHSIT McCTaTa.
3a TaKOBa 3aHHTHe ce OTJJ;eiig MaJIKO BpeMe. 3aTOBa CT,BTTpIneHO
Beo6xoJjHMo e o6yLIaBaHHTe Ha Ta}THLIecKHTe H CTpeiIKOBHTe 3aH3ITHH
ga Ha6JiwgaBaT BHHMaTeJIHO H ce H3ncHBa OT THX npaBHJIHO ga H3-
nOJI3yBaT MCCTHOCTTa H McCTHIMTe npeJTMeTH.
C TpeHHpOBKHTe o6yxiaBaHHTe TpH6Ba ga CH H3pa6OTHT yMeHHe
npaBHJIHO ga H3 IOJI3yBaT rT,HKHTe Ha McCTHOCTTa, T. e. ga CH H36H-
paT TaKHBa TOLIKH, KOHTO 6Hxa rH CxpHJIH Ro6pe OT 3eMHOTO Ha-
6Jno eHne H OT Or'bHH Ha npOTHBHHKa H OT KOHTO ga MOSKe ga ce
Ha6JIIoJ;aBa HpOTHBHHKTBT Henpex-bcxaTo H ce BOAR or-bH no Hero.
I1p1 H31IoJT3yBaxe Ha pa3nHUHI4 BT~3BHHIeHHH TpH6Ba ga ce pa3no-
iiaraT H macilpaT TaKa, me B HHKaK-bB CJIyLIaI3 ga He ce BII}KgaT
ma dIOHa Ha He6eTO. CHaI3nepHCT-bT TpH6Ba ga HOMHH, ue HHKOra He
TpH6Ba ga ce pa3nonara oTrope BT,pXy MCCTHHH npegMeT (xynvrHa,
XpacT, rT,H, rOJTHM KaM'bK, fJIeT H T. H.), a OTCTpaHH,' OT3aJj HJIH
B HHCKOTO, Taxa tie ga ro H3nOJI3yBa 3a MacKHpaHe, CKpHBaHe OT
,or-bHH Ha npOTHBHHKa HJIH KaTO ynop npH CTpeJ16a. -
HaI1HHH, 3a MaCKHpoBKa Ha J{BH?KeHHeTO, H3MaMa
Ha IIPOTHBHHKOBHTe Ha6OJiuo)jaTeJIH H CHaifnepHCTH
B pe3yJITaT Ha npOBexxeHHeTO, CKpHTO ga 3aeMaT MSICTOTO 3a Ha6JTIoJjeHHe
H BOJjeHe Ha OrT,H, a Taxa CT~njo ga oBnaJje5IT HaLIHHHTe no H3MaMa
Ha npOTHBHHKOBH Ha6JIIogaTeJIH H CHaI3nepHCTH.
npH H3rrbJIHeHHe Ha 6OI3Ha 3aJZatIa 06HKHOBeHO HHKOra CHaI3-
TCpHCTW He Tp316Ba g a ce JjBH}KH npaB. Xo,r exe H npe63irBane npe-
rT,p6eHO ce npr ara rJIaBHO B HacTT,naTeneH 6oI3, a npermJI3HBaxe -
BT,B BCHLIKH BHJjOBe 0-OH. Hait-Manxo J);eMacKHpaT CHaiinepHCTa
npenT,JI33IBaHHIITa. OTTyK cJIeJjBa, Lie Ha T03H McTO) 3a npegBH>K-
BaHe pT,KOBOJjHTeJIHT TpH6Ba Aa 06T,pHe HaH-roJIHMO BHHMaHHe npH
?o6ytiaBaHeTO.
H p e 6 H r B a H e T 0, x0eTO teCTO nje TpH6Ba Jja H3nOJI-
3yBa cHaI3nepHCTT,T HpH 60I3Ha O6CTaHOBKa, H3HCKBa cneljnaJIHa
MacKHpOBKa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
AemacKHpaujw npH3HaIjH npH rlpe6ArBane Ilje 6b)jaT:
- J;BHweHHeTO Ha CHaI3nepHCTa npejjH cxaTIaneTO;
- HeJjocTaT-btIHOTO 6-bp3o cxagaHe;
- 6aBHOTO H rlp0g'bJIxxeHHH. He
Tp516Ba Aa noBJjHra BHCOHO TSIJIOTO H rnasaTa CH npH BCHLIKH
nOJ.LO3pHTeJIHH IIIyMOJIeHHH OT CTpaHaTa Ha npOTHBHHKa; no-Ao6pe'
e Aa crape H H3BeCTHO Bpeme Aa OCTaHe HenoABHX(eH. Tpx6sa Aa
ce npH6JIH}KaBa K'bM npOTHBHHKa no B7,3M0)KHOCT OTKbM nOA-
BeTpeHaTa CTpaHa HJIH npH KOC (Ha ce6e cH) BSIT'bp, H3nOJI3yBaIHKH
nopi3BHTe Ha BSIT'bpa 3a macKHpaHe Ha gBH)KeHHeTO. AKO ce Ha
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H.
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ciieA TOBa Ce npoJbJUKasa ABH)KeHI3eTO. aBHweHHJgTa Tp5i6sa.
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3a npeMecTBane no cppoHTa no-Ao6pe e He3a6enx3aao Aa ce B-bpHe
J bJI3eIIIKOm Ha3aA, 3a Aa Mo)Ke caeA TOBa Aa ce npeABH)KH KOCO
no oTHOIIIexxe Ha npoTHBHHKa:
npeABHHCBaHHSI no Bb3BHITIeHH meCTa Tp3i6sa Aa ce H36firBaT.
AKo nopaAH HHKaKBI3 npHLIHHH ce HaiIara Aa CC H3B'LpIHH ABH)Ke
HHCTO no Bb3BHuieHO M5CTO, OTHaTaanno Ce Bp'bli;a n bJI3eIHKOM.
6aBHO Ha3aA, KaTO Ce Cna3BaT BCHTiKH npaBHJIa 3a 6AHTeJIHOCT,
H CJICA TOBa BCTpaHH no 3aMacKHpaH MapnlpyT Ce npo)bJlx(asa
ABH)KeHHeTO. B , 60AHa 06CTaHOBKa Mo)Ke Aa Ce CJIytIH, T-Ie H
TaxoBa 3aMacKHpaHo npeABH)KBaHe Ce OTKpHBa OT npOTHBHHKa,
3a KoeTO CBHAeTeJICTByBa npe.IeTCJIHsT B HenocpeACTBeHa 6JIH30CT'
KypinyM. B T03H CJIyLIaIi Tpx6Ba Aa ce CKpHeM He3a6aBHo B Ayn-
KaTa OT CHap iga, B KaHaBKaTa, 3aA KynLIHHaTa, AT,pBOTO H T. H.
H ce nOCTapaeM Aa 3a6JIyWHM npOTHBHHKa 3a HalueTO HCTHHCKO
McCTOHaxo>K eHHe. 3aTOBa, KaTO Ha6enIe)KHM HOBO MSICTO 3a npH-
KpHTHe H n'bT K'LM Hero, MO)KeM Aa H3JIb)KeM npOTHBHHKa no e)HH
OT CJIeAHHTe HagHHH.
CHaI3nepHCThT 3aKpenBa Ha A'bpBO HJIH Mex(Ay KJIOHgeTaTa Ha
xpaCTaiiaxa CBO$ITa manna (anO TOBa e nHJIOTKa HJIH manna, npeABa-
pHTCJIHO CC 3an'bJIBa C HaMHpaIIjaTa Ce TaM TpeBa, JIHCTa, Ape6HH
.nnow-IeTa H T. H., 3a Aa ce nOJiyliH 4)opMa Ha riiaBa), a CaMHHT TOIL
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
C 61,p3 H He3a6eneHCHM cxoK ce npexBTLpnx Ha Apyro Ha6enx3axo
MSICTO. Mo>Ke ga ce npHB'bp3Ke Bp7LBLIHTja K&M eJjHO OT HJIOH-
LIeTaTa Ha XpaCTa H cnopeJ; OTMeCTBaHeTO Ha3aJj OT pee Ha pee
7IeKo ga M gTbpna, c KOeTO 3aiuoJI3IBa xpacTa H npHKOBasa
BHHMaHHeTO Ha npoTHBHHKa. AKO HMMa BpbBLIHTja, TOIk Mo>xe ga
npeBHe eJjHO KJIOHLTe OT XpaCT HJIH CT-b6JI0 OT 6ypeH, ga ce 3a-
KauH HTC MaTepHM MaJlxo rtO-BHCOKO OT rnaBaTa H KaTO OTHYCHe
KJTOH eTO HJIH CTb6JIOTO, 6aBHo H BHHMaT JIHO ga ce OTJjaJIeiIH.
MT pJjaxeTO Ha KbCLIeTO MaTepHM nje npHBJIege BHHMaHHeTO Ha
np0THBHHKa H nje rloMOrxe Ha cxaHnepHCTa ga ce OTTerJTH OT Tosa
MHCTO, K'bZjeTO To11 e 6HJI OTxpHT OT Bpara.
IIpH ,Ijo6JIH>KaBaHe Ha MHCTOTO, KOeTO e KpaI3Ha TjeJI, CHaH-
nepHCTT>T HHKOra He Tp516Ba ga ce CTpeMH ga rO 3aeMa OT , j BH-
>KeHHe" i KaTO ce cxpHe Ha cHrypHO MHCTO He MHOrO Jjaneue, TOI3
H3LIarBa H3BeCTHO BpeMe (npe3 xoeTO pee nO,IjrOTBH JIHLIHaTa CH
MacKHpOBKa) H KaTO ce y6eJ;H, LIe npOTHBHHICBT HHIgO He e 3a6e-
JI313aJI, MHOrO BHHMaTeJIHO npoJj bJlxcaBa ga n-bJI3H go Ha6enM3a-
HOTO MSICTO.
3a pa3pa60TBaHe Ha BCHLIKH Te3H BbnpOCH e ijeJTecLo6pa3Ho
ga ce npoBeZje 3aH5ITI3e BT,B BHA Ha 6eceJja, KLJjeTO o6yuasaHHTe
ca JjJThWHH ga OTrOBapHIT Ha BTbnpOCHTe Ha pT,XOBOJjHTeMM. BCHLIKH
oTTOBOpH p'bKOBOJjHTenHT Jjonbnsa, 3aJjLn6oLlaBa H fOTBbp>KgaBa
C HOKa3BaHe Ha npeJjBH>KBaHe CTEC cneilHaJIHO lOJjrOTBeHH 3a Ta3H
ijeJi BOrIHHT1H.
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ce npos`e>KJja B T ByCTpaHHH 3aHMTHM: eJjna JjBOHKa cxainepHCTH
ce JjBH}KH, Jjpyra Ha6nIogaBa. IIpH OTKpHBaHe Ha npeJjBH>KBa-
njHTe ce Ha6rno aBaIIjHTe JjaBaT 3HaK Ha PBKOBOAHTenM 3a 3a6e-
JIM3aHHM OT TMX ?npOTHBHHIC", KaTO CTpeJIMT C XaJIOCHH naTpOHH
HMH JjaBaT cHrHaJI c 63iJIO (jInartIe.
CneJj xaTO o6yLIaBaHHTe JjOCTHrHaT noCOLIeHHM HM py6e>K, pbKO-
BOJjHTeJTHT IHTa BCeKH OT TMX KaKBO e BHJj$IJI B ?npOTHBHHKO-
BaTa" CTpaHa npe3 BpeMe Ha gBH>KeHHeTO CH, KaKBH rpeIIIKH e
HaMepHM, nonpaBHJI JTH rH e, KaK H T. H. PT,HOBOJjHTenMT
pa3nHTBa B npHC-LCTBHeTO Ha Ha6JnoJjaBaigaTa JjBOHKa. CJICg Tosa
TOI3 pa3IIHTBa H Ha6JIIoJjaBaI9HTe, KOHTO My T OKnaJjBaT ItaKBO ca
3a6enH3aJIH H Hoe cnopejj TMX B JjeTiCTBHMTa Ha npeJjBH>KBaIIjHTe ce
e 6HJIO HeBMpHO. CneJj TOBa JjBOHKHTe cMeHMT McCTaTa?cH.
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BaHe HpH gHeBHH yCJIOBHM, CJIeJjBa ga ce MHHe KT.M o6yLIaBaHe 3a
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3HM OT CncJjHHTe rpeIIIKH: HMKOH CMMTaT,LIe HO Ta3H Tema 3aHMTH3ITa
Moral ga ce npOBe>KJjaT ?yCJIOBHO" JjeHeM. TOBa He TpM6Ba ga
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
ce npaBH, Maxap H 3a TOBa, tie Hpe3 HOII.Ta pa6OTH He TOJIKOBa 3pe-
HHeTO, KOJIKOTO CJIyXW H oce3aHHeTO. HoIgHaTa THHIHHa ce pa3-
JIHtiaBa 3HaxiHTeJIHO OT THIUHHaTa Ha HaI3-THXH3I JjeH H 3aTOBa e
cbB'piueHO HeBTb3MOBKHo e H3nOn3yBaHeTO Ha CKynnTypHHTe MaKeTH B
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OT BHCOT3HHaTa Ha MaKeTa. Ha npHTOTBeHHH cKeneT OTrope ce n0-
CTaBH H 3aKpenBa rOpHaTa TiaCT Ha geACTBHTeJHO AbpBO. OTCTpaHH
cxeneTBT ce o6inHBa c nnaT HnH poro3xa, Hag HoeTO ce 1OCTaB5I
Kopa, 3axpenBaxa c Ten. )KeiIaTeJIHO e, npeAH ga ce nOCTaBH KO-
paTa, H3nbHaTHHT cKeneT Aa ce noKpHe c A'bpBeCHHHa corona; TOBa
ii Rasa npeHMywwecTBOTO, Tae xopaza ce 3at'bp>Ka no-go6pe, a B
AV)K 0BHO Bpeme TaiK n H B H SI T II B H ce ripaBH 110 C'1,11 HH H9T;HH, xaKTO
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JIB )-KnHBaTa KynTiHHa uaKl,n Hnp. ce npassiT HO
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xpHBa c nnaT, 1OI1TO e 6O5AHCaH B CBlIIH31 IjBHT.
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3a Ha6nrOgeiHe H CTpen6a OT nOJIO>KeHHe cegeumxoM. rlpe3 3HMaTa
B TaKHBa gynKH nog naKTHTe, KpaxaTa H cegaJHaLjeTO Ce nocTaBSiT
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McCTHOCTTa TaKa, ue nocne.HaTa ga H03BOJIH ga ce 3aeMe CKpHTO;
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go6pe 3aMacKHpaH XOg 3a Cbo6ujeHHe.
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TOHT OT TeneH cKeneT, Ha HO1T0 ca 3aKpeneHH McTanHLIeCKH HnH
g spBeHH CT'bprOTHHH, 6oHigHCaHH B CbOTBeTHHSI gBSIT, HnH MaCKH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22: CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
poB,bTdeH KHJIHM, HJIH HCTHHCKH KJIOHTdeTa. TeileHHSIT CKejIeT MOxce
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XOJ;H 3aeJ(HO C HeH rOCTaBeHHTe JI-b)KJIHBH npegmeTH, gaBa O1 eHKa
3a Ka'ieCTBOTO Ha H3rrbJIHeHHeTO.
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906po yCBOSIBaHe npH O6yTIaBaHeTO ce H3HOJI3yBa McTOJjbT Ha
npOTHBOnOCTaBAHe npaBHJIHH H HenpaBHJIHH HaTIHHH. HanpHMep
no CHTHaji Ha pbKOBOAHTeJIH (TlepBeHO c arise) HerOBHSIT nOMOux-
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BaMHSI CHPHall Ha p'bKOBOAHTeJIH MacKaTa ce gaBa B pa3JIHLIHH
HaKJIOHH, B pe3yJITaT Ha KOeTO BHJ);HMOCTTa II CIIJIHO ce McHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
CneA ToBa pT ROBOAHTen5IT no Cb1IAHSI HatiHH noxa3Ba Ha o6y-
uaBaHHTe macxaTa, OCBeTeHa OT CnMHIIeTO OT3a,t; (TH n;e H3rneHC a
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Tpsi6Ba Aa ce crhHe, HOCTaBH H c'6xpaH5lBa B xan7,4)a H HOCH.
CneA TOBa pbKOBO91ITen5IT pa3Aensl BCHXIKH o6ytiaBaHH Ha rpyri
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cJieAH Hei HHTe Aei CTBHSI, oT6enH3Ba AOnyCHaTHTe rpeinKH. IIo
yxa3aHHe Ha pLxoBoAHTensl o6ytlaBaHHTe cMeHSIT McCTaTa CH.
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me 3aeme BCeKH no}a3Bati, KaKBO Tpsi6Ba Aa npaBH BCeKH no onpe-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
ReaeHHH CHrHan, Kora H is a ga HpeirHaT 3a no-HaTaT'bHIHHTe
I;eACTBHR.
B IIpoljeca Ha 3aH51THeTO TPR6Ba ga ce o6Lpxe oco6exo BHHMa-
HHe Ha 06yuaBaHHTe 3a Heo6xogHMOCTTa ga ce MacIHpaT nHijeTO,
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tie H'bpBaTa TpaHHIeR ce Ha6Jno aBa Hail-BHHMaTenxo OT CTpaxa
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paTa TpaHiueR e HOMaHAyBaWW HO OTHOHIeHHe rr pBaTa TpaHHieE,
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TaiHBa H03H4HH Tps6Ba ga 6-bAe Taxa Ao6pe 3aMacxnpan, *ie ga
9 IIo)rorosxa Ha caairxepHcra 129
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
ce 3aeMa He3a6eJIHI3axo xaKTO HOIIjeM, Taxa H gexeM.ToBa nO3BO-
JIKBa CMSIHaTa- Ha cnaiknepHCTHTe ga cTaBa pegOBHO, a B cnyLIaI3
Ha OTKPHBSHe H o6CTpen 6-bp3O ga ce H30CTaBH. AKO npOTHBHHKTiT
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TOBa npH o6opyjjBaHe Ha Taxana n03HIXHH Tp5i6Ba ga ce CTpeMHM
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He TpH6Ba ga ce pa3pemaBa ga B3eMaT Ha nO3HI(I35ITa 6neCT5I19H
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3a6en5i3aHO ga ce H3TerJIH B 3aKPHTHe (SIMH OT CHapnjj HnH MHHa
H AP.) H noBeLIe He 3aeMa Ta3H nO3HIUH5I.
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C-bnpHKOCHOBeHI3e C npOTHBHHKa Tpn6Ba ga ce H3B-bpLIIBa HOIIjeM,
H3nTbnHHBaI3KH BCHLIKH pa6OTH 6e3IIIyMHO.
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LIHMOBeTe ga ce ,aKnHMaTH3HpaT", Te ce npHTOTBSIT Ha MHCTO, CXO jjHO
HO Ba>KHOCT C MaCKHpaHH5i yxiaCTT,K. II.pejjH ga ce IOCTaBSIT gIHMO-
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JIHTpa (Inena cennTpa Ha BejjpO BOjja). 7 '1HMOBeTe ce H3rOTBHT Ha
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JIHHa He nO-ManKO OT 10 CM. IIpH npeHaCSIHe Ha xIHMOBeTe OTjjen=
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
HHTe KBCOBe Tps16Ba ga ce noCTaBSIT C TpeBaza eAHH KBM Apyr, 3a
Aa He ce oxaJIH 3eneHHHaTa c npbbcT.
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cTaTT tIeH 6poI3 xopa c Lien BCHLIKH pa6oTH ga ce CBBpIHaT 3a
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Ha npOTHBHHKa), MSICTOTO Ha pa6oTaTa ce 3aMacKHpa CBOeBpeMeHHO
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naBpeme pa6oTaTa, o6opyj[BaneTO Ha n03HIIHHTa He TpS16Ba ga ce
npoABnxcaBa - no-Ao6pe e ga 6BAe H36paxo HOBO MSICTO.
Iloseile OT LieTHpH AyHIH He Tp516Ba ga ce Ha3HauaBaT 3a no-
CTpOHBaHeTO Ha eAHa n03KIAH3I.
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KaTO 3aII1HTa OT KypLHyMHTe Ha npOTHBHHKa ga ce H3nOJI3yBaT Lly-
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Ti p H 3 H a i H, no KOHTO ce pa311HxiaBa HOBOHOCTPOeHOTO CBOpB-
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KOnaHa no-paHO H e orpsIBana OT CnBHLjeTO.
CneAH, 0cTaHanH OT pa60TaTa H ABH>Ke-
H H e T 0. HO TO3H 11pH3HaK LIeCTO fBTH, OOO6eHo ripen 3HMaTa, ca
OTKpHBaJIH HO3HLLHHTe H Ha6JIIOAaTenHHTe HYHKTOBe He3aBHCHMO
OT Ao6paTa MaciclpOBKa. 3aTOBa KaKTO camaza nO314AHSl, TaKa H
nBTSIT, KOATO BOAR AO HesI, ce 3aMaCKHpBaT OTHOBO.
Ha 4)OTOCHHMKH, HanpaBeHH npe3 JIHITOTO, CneAHTe OT ABH)Ke-
HHeTO H pa6oTaTa ce BH)-AaT BBB BHA Ha CBeTJIH, a npe3 3HMaTa -
B'bB BHA Ha T1, HH HeTHa H ,naq>KHH11".
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
C e H K H T e, IOSIBHJIH Ce Ha j[HenIHaTa CHHMKa TaM, KT,geTO Ha
BTiepalnHaTa rH e H5IMan0, H3JgaBaT AaxJceHHe. 3aTOBa npH CT,3gaBaHe Ha n03HuHH Ha paBHO
MHCTO Tp5I6Ba ga ce CTpeMHM ga H3631rBaMe nosIBSIBaHeTO Ha CeHKH,
a MacxHpOBxaTa Ha 'nO3HIrH3ITa ga Ce KOOpI;HHHpa C 06IIHH BHJj Ha
3ao6HKajiHrgaTa McCTHOCT.
KOHTypH Ha npaBHJIHHTe 4)OpMH.
IIO-ro JMOTO 60JIIUHHCTBO npegMeTH, KOHTO HMaT npaBO'br'bnHa
HnH Jjpyra npaBHJIHa (jopMa, ca geJIO Ha TIOBeIIIKHTe p-bile, 1IOHe}Ke
TaHHBa OLHepTaHHSI B npHpogaTa ce cpeIIZaT p5J;xo. OTTyK Tpa6Ba
g a ce HanpaBH H3BOZ[, tie axo 614JaT 3a6en5I3aHH nOgO6HH npegMeTH
Ha CHHMKaTa HJIH HenOcpeACTBeHO OT Ha6rno aTeJIFI Ha npOTHBHHxa,.
eCTeCTBeHO TOBa 1ue IIP H3BHKa II0903peHHe Y Bpara H TOR iue
3anOLHHe ga Ha6JIHogaBa BHIHMaTeJIHO TOBa MHCTO.
OHHThT OT BenHKaTa OTeteCTBeHa BoiHa noxa3Ba, tie cHaine-
POBHTe n03HIAHH HHxora He Tpa6Ba ga ce ycTpoisaT B caMOTHO
CTOHIIIH nonypa3pyiueHH crpa,L H, HaMHpaiuH ce B HeYTpaJIHa 30Ha
HJIH Ha(5)6nH30 AO Hamn5I npegeH Kpai, a Taxa CT,I1O B OT) enHH MecTHII
Hpe)MeTH: B rpyna pa36HTH AT,pBeTa,- OTJ[eJIHH rT CTH xpaCTanaIIH
H T. H. AKO RaxKe He3HaXIHTeJIHOTO
TpeIHHO pa3nOnaraHe Ha 60r3HHIjaTa uge rlOBneue Cneg ce6e CH OnH-
133-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
pane Ha riiaBaTa Ha cxaI3nepHCTa B 3axpHTHeTO; axo 3axpHTHeTo Ce
HanpaBH H0 H3BeCTCH br'bn, TOBa Ilje ocHrypH Ha cxaHnepHCTa
no-roJIHMa CB06OAa Ha ABH)KeHHHTa.
YnopLT 3a CTpeJI6a TpH6Ba ga ce HarnaCHBa Taxa, tie B Hero
ga ce orrpa npeRHaza uaCT Ha paMOTO Ha pbRaTa, K051TO 3aJbpxca
nym aza (xaTo npaBHno JISxBaTa), HJIH KHTxaTa (B nocJIeJ HHH cny-
tial3 KHTKaTa ga 3aeMa CT,IAOTO HOJIO)KeHHe, KaKTO H npH HOpMaJIHO
xBanjaHe Ha opbxKe ga ce CMHTa 3a npHeTa.
CRaBaHe Ha eAHHHtIHHTe CHal3nepOBH n03HIJHH CTaBa no CneA-
HHSI HatIHH.:
CHai IIepHCT'bT, KOIITO npHeMa n03HAHHTa, nonyuaBa BCHLIKH
CBeJjeHHA npegBapHTeJHO OT CBO51 HatlaJIHHK H KOHKpeTHO ce 3ano-
3HaBa CbC CTpeJIKOBaTa KapTHtIKa. KOMaHJUHp'bT Ha nogeneHHeTO,
xaTO ce y6egm, ue CHal3nepHCTT,T e rOTOB 3a npHeMaHe, pa3pelnana
my ga npHeMe r103H9HSITa, a cHal4nepHCT-bT, KOATO e 6Hn B HeA,
c aBa. CRanHSIT n03HIXH5ITa CH OTHBa OT Hex, a npI4eJHSIT r03H-
I;H5ITa SI 3aeMa H npHCT IIBa K'bm Ha6noJ[aBaHe, OTKpHBaAKH n0-
J.[pO6HOCTHTe, KOHTO He e MOr bJ1 ga gOJIOBH npe3 BpeMe Ha npegBa-
pHTeJIHOTO 3an03HaEaHe. Cneg KaTO cJlaBairrHRT AOnO>RH, ue e cgan
nO3HIuHHTa, npHeMan[HSIT JZoxnagBa 3a npHeMaHeTO.
IIpM npHemaxe Ha CHaAnepoBH n03111 HH TpH6Ba ga 6,b gem oco-
6exo BHHmaTenHH. BCHLIKH n03HILHH Tpg6Ba. ga ce o6cnegBaT oC-
HOBHO. BCexH nplbema1II TpiI6Ba ga ce y6eRH Hammjino, LIe cxaI3ne-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
pHCTT,T, KOI1TO e 3aeMan npegH Hero HO3I4 FIHTa, He e npOHBHJI He-
xarICTBO npH eAHH HJTH Apyr B bnpOC, nOHe> a Hal-MaJIKaTa HeMap-
JIHBOCT MO>Ke Aa CTPYBa >KHBOTa He Ha eAHH BOf HHK.
be3 pa3pemeHHe Ha oc)Huepa, Ha KOPOTO ca fOZ[LIHHeHH CHaITne-
pHCTHTe, Ha CHalfnepOBHTe H03HIXHH He ce Aonycxa HHKOI3.
IIpH npOBe>x aHe Ha 3aH5ITH3I Ha Ta3H Tema P'bI(OBOAHTeJlqTe
AJrb>KeH Ao6pe Aa pa3npegeJIH BpeMeTO, a TaKa CTblI;O Aa oTAenH
AOCTaTWIHO BHHMaHHe Ha HOII1HHTe 3aH}ITHH. 3a pa3Ka3BaHe H n0-
Ka3BaHe ce OTAeJIH eAHa TIeTB-bpT, a 3a npaKTHLIecRa pa6oTa c 06y-
iIaBaHHTe - TpH tIeTBLpTH OT 3anJIaHHpaHOTO BpeMe; nO-roJIHMaTa
gaCT OT npaKTHxiecxHTe 3aHHTH51 ce HpOBe>KAaT HOII.eM. ToBa ce
npaBH, 3aII;OTO B 60I3Ha O6CTaHOBKa O6HKHOBeHO CHarinepOBHTe
HO3HL HH ce Hanara Aa ce ITpaBSIT Ha T-bMHO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
FJIABA III
TAKTHiIECKA IIOAFOTOBKA HA CHAIIHEPHCTA
3aH5ITnsITa no TaKTI3uecxa rIOAroTOBKa HMaT Hai-rOJIRMO 3Ha-
zIeHHe 3a o6ygIeHHeTo Ha cHainepHcTMTe 3a yMeJIH L eiCTBHH B 6031.
Hpe3 pee Ha BeimHaTa OTeLIeCTBeHa BOiHa B 3aBHCHMOCT OT
o6CTaHOBKaTa CHaI3nepHCTHTe ca AeiCTByBalTH Ha JIBOiKH HJIH HO
eRHHHLIHO.
Hai-MHoro ca H3IOJT3yBaHH CHainepOBHTe JhBOIh(H. HOHSIKOra
H$IHOJIKO J[BOrKH CHainepHCTn ca ce O6eJ;HHSIBaJIH B rpyna. 06H-
HHOBeHO eJ);HHHSIT CHainepHCT OT ABoiKaTa Ha6JI1o aBaJI (Ha6JI o a-
TeJI), a ApyrHSIT e BOJ>;e5I O1' H (H3Tpe6HTenn). IIpe3 20-30 MHHyTH
CHainep1CTHTe ca CMeHSIBaJIH pOJIHTe CH, nOHe)Ke Henpe}cbcHaTOTO
npo,zrbJDKHTeJIHO Ha6JIIOJ;eHHe, OCO6eH0 C 6HHOWbJI, e MHoro H3MO-
pHTeJIHO. Ilpn OTpa3SIBaHe Ha aTaKa H npH J;pyrH yCJIOBHA, KOraTO.
Ha 60iHOTO nojie e HMa.IO MHOrO IresrH, a C-Mjo TaKa H npH BHe3anHO
TBJIKHOBeHHe c npOTHBHHKa OrbH ca BOge5IH H gBaMaTa CHaine-
HCTH - H3Tpe6HTenISIT H Ha6JI1O J;aTeJISIT.
O6HKHOBeHO npH noJIyLIaBaHe Ha 6ofHa 3agaga OT KOMaHJ7Hpa Ha
nogeJIeHHeTO CHainepHCTHTe CaMOCTOSITeJIHO ca H36HpaJIH n0311-
AHH B yKa3aHaTa um nosioca (HanpaBJleHHe), 3aeMaiIH ca rH H ca rn
HanycKaLTH, KaTO ca BOJjeJIH OrbH H jjeiCTByBaJIH cbo6pa3HO C HO-
..JIyLIeHaTa 3agaga H 06CTaHOBKaTa.
3agaLIaTa Ha cHainep1CTHTe B 6oH ce e 3aKJIIOLIaBaJIa rJIaBHO B
'TOBa ga n39HpBaT H yHIILgO)KaBaT C Or&H Hai-BaH HHTe LAeJIH: npO-
THBHIKOBH o(rHL(epI3, cHainepMCTH, Ha6JITogaTeJIH, cBp'B3KH, Kap-
TeLIHH, MHHOMeTHH H OpT L eiHH pa3LIeTH, H C TOBa. ca nOJ1;noMaraJIH
ycnexa Ha 6oI%IHHTe Jje1CTBIH Ha rrBOHTe rOJ;eJIeHHST.
3a no-J>;o6pa opIIeHTHpoBxa H r ejCTBHe Ha cnainepHCTHTe
npeJ[H 6ox ca ce npone)i< aJIH 3aH5ITH5I n0 H3yuaBaHe TaKTHKaTa Ha
CO6CTBeHHTe UOJ;eTIeHHH H no) e5IeHHSITa Ha npoTHBHnxa.
B noBeueTO cJIYLIaH Ha cHainepncTHTe ce e HaJlaraJIO ga c eiCTBy-
BaT B 6oi npH TPYJ HH YCJIOBH31 -- ga ce npeABHH(BaT n'bn3eIIIKOM
Ha rOJIeMH pa3cTOSIHHSI, g a npeoJ oJIHBaT pa3JIHLIHH npen$ITCTBHH,
j r,nro Bpegle ga ne)KaT HerIOABH)KHH B cnera. 3aTOBa TaKTHLIec-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
KHTe 3aH3ITH3I C'LC cnaI3nepHCTHTe ca ce npoBe)KAanH B Taxasa o6-
CTaHOBKa, KORTO e H3pa6OTBana Y THX H3ApT,)KnHBOCT,`JIOBKOCT,
CHna Ha BOJI5ITa, ynOpHTOCT, XHTpOCT H XnaAHOKpT BHe.
AEI CTBHSI HA CHAI3REPHCTHTE B HACT'bHATEJIHHA BOI3
Ha KOMaHAHpa ca Heo6xo HMH noApo6HH AaHHH 3a npOTHBHHKa,
3a Aa MO)xe Aa B3eMe npaBHJIHO pelueHHe H Aa ocHrypH Hai-Ao6pa
opraHH3aI(HH Ha HaCTT,nneHHeTO. MHoro OT Te3H AaHHH ce npHAo-
6HBaT OT CHarmepHCTHTe. )(O HauaJIOTO Ha HaCT nJIeHHeTO B npO-
I;eda Ha Ha6nloj[eHHeTO CHarlnepHCTHTe onpe,L eJIHT McCTaTa Ha H0-
MaHAHHTe H Ha6nK)AaTenHHTe nyHKTOBe Ha npOTHBHHKa, McCTopa3-
nOJIO)KeHHeTO Ha 4)naHKHpaIgHTe H HHHxcauHHTe xapTeuHHI;H H
ApyrHTe OrHeBH TouKH; McCTOpa3no.Io)xeHHeTO Ha BpaxceCKHTe CHarl-
nepHCTH H T. H.
KoraTO no eJleHHRTa Ce HaMI3paT Ha H3XOAHa n03HI(H51 3a Hac-
TT,nneHHe, OCHOBHa 3aJaua Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe e H39HpBaHeTO H yHH-
uAoH(aBaHeTO Ha (pnaHKHpau HTe npOTIBHHKOBI4 KapTeLIIIHIIH, KOHTO
c or7,HSI cH MoraT Aa 3aA bpxtaT, a nOHRKora H Aa ocyeTSIT aTaKaTa
Ha noAeneHHeTO.
CHal3nepHCTHTe 3aeMaT yxa3aHHTe HM McCTa B TpaHIHe5ITa Ha
H3XOAHaTa n03HIAHR 3a HaCT'LnneHHe, a aKo nO3BOnsIBa McCTHOCTTa H
06CTaHOBKaTa, H3JIH3aT npeA HeH H O6CTpeJlBaT pa3ueTHTe Ha Kap-
TeuHHI.LHTe, npOTHBOTaHKOBHTe OpTAHR, aM6pa3ypHTe Ha orHeBHTe
TOLIKH H ApyrH IieJIH.
KaTeropHXIHO ce 3a6paHRBa OTHBaHCTO Ha J;pyrH nrga Ha CHaI3-
nepOBHTe OPHCBH n03HIIHH.
IIpe3 pee Ha HaCTT,nneHHeTO cnarlnepHCTHTe yHHHloxcaBaT
OTHeBHTe cpeAczna Ha npOTHBHHxa, HOHTO IlpeuaT 3a npeABH)--
BaHe Ha HaCTbIIBannHTe no eneHHR, eKHna)KHTe Ha TaHKOBeTe H
caMOXOAHo-apTHnepHrICKHTe yCTaHOBKH, HHCKOneTRnIHTe caMoneTH,
a TaKa cMJ o O(pHI;epHTe, MnaAIIIHTe KOMaHAHpH, CHalinepHCTHTe,
Ha6JnoJaTenHTe H ApyrHTe Ba>HHH IAenH.
IIpeAH HacT'bnneHHe CHarInepHCTHTe KaTO npaBHJIO noJlyuaBaT
3agagla HenocpeAcTBexo OT HOMaHAHpa Ha B3Boga. Axo cHal3nepHC-
THTe ca HenocpeAcTBeno HOAuHHeHH Ha xoMaHAHpa Ha poTaTa, 6oI3-
HaTa 3aAaila nonyuanaT OT Hero.
IIpH HOCTaBHHe Ha 3aAauaTa KOMaHAHpT,T Ha_B3BOAa lOKa3Ba
Ha CHaAnepHCTHTe no McCTHHTe npeAMeTH nojiocaTa 3a AerICTBHe,
Hag-BaxwHHTe py6ex{H, McCTHHTe npeAMeTH H HanpaBueHHH, Ha
KOHTO Tp5I6Ba Aa o6T,pHaT oco6eHO BHHMaHHe. ToI3 n6Ka3Ba cT,IAO
KOH OrHCBH TOLIKH TpH6Ba Aa ce yHHu;O)KaT, yTOLIHHBa peja 3a
npeABH)KBa}e Ha CHaI nepHCTHTe m HOB B K031 ABOHKa ce onpejeuR
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
3a cTapiuH. XIacT or cxar3nepxcTHTe ce npeABH)f(BaT 3aeJjHo C KO-
maHJ.[Hpa H H3n'bnH3IBaT 3aj[a rn B xoj[a Ha 60SI no Hero Bo yxa3aHHe.
CJIeg nOJlytiaBaHe Ha 601RHaTa 3agatla cxaI nepHCTHTe H3ytlaBaT
6bp3O JjageHaTa HM nOJIOCa, H36HpaT CH n03MJjHH 3a H3nT,JIHeHHe
Ha CBOSITa 3aJjatla, Ha6eJISI3BaT opHeHTHpH H MeCTa, Kb eTO Te B.
xo a Ha 6O5I ire ce npeMecTBaT, nbTSI Ha CBOSI maplnpyT, mecTaTa
3a BpeMCHHH CHHpaHHSI, yKpHTHSI OT npOTHBHHKOBOTO Ha6JIIOJjeHHe-
H 06CTpeJI H HatIHHHTe 3a npeJjBHH(BaHe.
BpeMeTO H Ha1IHH'bT 3a npeJLBH)KBaHe ce onpeJjeJISIT OT CTapmHSI
'
Ha JjBOI3KaTa HJIH rpynaTa. npeJXBH)KBaHeTO Ha CHaAnepHCTHTe OT
eJ IJH OrHeBH py6e)K Ha Jjpyr CTaBa HJIH eJjHOBpeMeHHO, HJIH nopeJj,
IIogg,bp Karnes egHH c Jjpyr 3pHTeJIHa Bp-b3xa H He npetci CBar1xH.
Ha6JIIOJjeHHeTo 3a npoTHBHHKa.
npegH HacT-bnJIeHHeTO CHaiRnepHCTHTe ce 3anac5IBaT c naTpOHH.
LIacT OT naTpOHHTe TpH6Ba ga 6-bgaT C 6pOHe6OIIHH KypmyMH.
npH XBT,pJISIHe Ha nexoTaTa B aTaxa cxal3nepllcTHTe, 6e3 ga ce'
3agbp)KaT, ce npeABH)KBaT c aTaxyBanjoTO nOJjeJIeHHe, cneA3IT 3a
npOTHBHHKa H ca B rOTOBHOCT 6-bp30 ga OTxpHSIT OrTrH HO HOSIBHJIH
ce orHeBH cpeJ>;CTBa. CHaI3nepHCTHTe HO yKa3aHHe Ha KOMaHgKpa
MoraT ga OCTaHaT H Ha MSICTO, KaTO 30pno CJIeJj5IT npOTHBHHKa H npH
OTKpHBaHeTO My BOgHT OrTbH B HHTepBaJIHTe Me)KJjy nOJjeJIeHHSITa-
H OTK-bM (pjIaHroBeTe no pa3tIeTHTe Ha orHeBHTe CpeJjCTBa Ha npo-
THBHHKa.
CHarInepHCTHTe ca JjJI-B)HHH ga CJIeA3IT BHHMaTeJIHO C06CTBeHHTe'
TaHKOBe, gei3CTByBanjH B HanpaBJIeHHe Ha HaCTbnjieHHeTO Ha B3BOJja
(pOTaTa). CHarInepMCTHTe y rnu oHfaBaT pa3tICTHTe Ha npOTHBO-
TaHKOBHTe Op b HSI, BOJjeujH Or'BH 110 HanIHTe TaHKOBe.
Axo ce aTaKyBa B yCJIOBHSI Ha orpaHHtIeHa BHJjHMOCT, cHarIne-
pHCTHTe ce J[BH)KaT 3aeJ[HO C KOMaHJ.jHpa Ha B3BOJja (pOTaTa).
C IjeJI ga ce OCHrypH BHe3anHOCT CHaI3nepHCTHTe OTKpHBaT'
OrT,H camo c pa3peIIIeHHe Ha KOMaHJjHpa, Ha KOTOTO Te ca HenocpeJj-
CTBeHO nOJjtIHHeHH.
npH 60ri Ha no J;eJIeHHHTa B Jj7&n6otgnHa
Ha npOTHBHHKO BaTa oT6paHa JjeHCTBHHTaHa CHaH-
nepHCTHTe Tp516Ba ga 6-bJjaT OCo6eHO HHHIjHaTHBHH H yCTpeMHH 3a
6bp30 yHHIIjO)KaBaHe Ha HaIi-Ba)KBaneTO Ha B3BOJ1;a, ga
yHHUgOxcH o4)HgepHTe, KapTetIHHTe H op14 eAHHTe pa3tieTH, eKHna-
IKHTe Ha TaHKOBeTe H CaMOXOAHO-apTHnepHiICKHTe yCTaHOBxn, CHaH-
TIepHCTHTe H RpyrHTe BaxCHH i eJIH."
C ieA TOBa PT0K0B0JZHTenHT npoBepxsa KaK cxaHnepncTHTe ca
CH y5ICHHJIH 3agatiaTa Ha B3BOJ;a, OTJ);eneHHHTa H CHaI3nepOBaTa
J[Bo Ka. 3aTOBa pT,KOBOJ[HTeJI5IT H31HTBa 2-3 CHaI3nepHCTH.
2-puyue6exeanpoc. H360p Ha o r H e B a n03H11HH
B H3XO JIHO nonoSKeHme 3a HaCTbnii eHHe,
o6opyABaHe 14 MaCKHp'oBKa. KaTOce y6eAHBTOBa,
ie cxairlepHCTHTe ca Y31CHHJIH 6oiiHaTa cH 3agatia, HOCTaBeHa OT
xomaHgHpa Ha B3BOJ[a, p1,KOBOJ[HTen51T 3aIIOB5IABa Ha CHaI3nepHC-
THTe (HBaHOB H HeTpoB) ga ce npeJIBH>KaT B yxa3aHH5I HM B 3a-
noBeJ(Ta paI3oH 3a orHeBa no3HLjHSI, o6p-bujaI3xH BHHMaHHe Ha CKpH-
TOTO npeABHxcBaHe. Caeg npHCTHrane Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe B TO3H
paI3OH pTbKOBOAHTenHT npaBH KpaT'bK pa360p Ha IZeI3CTBH5iTa Ha
CHaI3nepOBaTa gBOI3Ka H 06iiCHSIBa Kax ce H36Hpa MSICTO 3a CHaI%Ine-
posa n03HIXHH, KaK ga ii o6opyRBaT H MacKHpaT B YCJIOBHSITa Ha
J;aJ;exaTa McCTHOCT.
C ieA TOBa p'bKOBOgHTeMHT 3a1OBHJ1;Ba Ha BCHtIKH 06ytiaBaHH
ga H36epaT M5ICTO 3a cnaHnepoBa r103HI;HH.
CneA HAKOJIKO M14HYT11 pT,KOBOAHTennT HCKa OT 06ytiaBaHHTe ga
my JJ;OKnagBaT peiueHHSiTa cm H OI;eHHBaIIKH rH, yKa3Ba Ha MHaI3ne-
pHCTHTe HaK-uogxoJjgn[HTe McCTa 3a n03HlU14H, cneg KOeTO CHaHne-
pHCTHTe npaKTHtiecKH o6opygBaT if MacxHpaT n03HI(HSITa.
3-mu yue6eu ebnpoc. Id3yxiaBaHe Ha McCTH0CTTa
H n p 0 T H B'H H K a. BCHtiKH CHaI3nepHCTH H3yIIaBaT McCTHOCTTa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
H npOTHBHHKa, KaTO H3HOJI3YBaT 3a Ta3H I[en 6HHOKJIH H OIITHLIeCKH
MepHHI;H. OrnexKaT nog peg 3a.
xapaKTepa Ha McCTHOCTTa H McCTHHTe npeZ[MeTH.
CneA TOBa p-bKOBOAHTen5IT AaBa yKa3aHH5I 3a Ha6rno eHHeTO
Ha npOTHBHHKa, KaTO 06o3HaHH HeIOBHTe AeItCTBHSI C eAHa-ABe
IjeJH H ApyrH npH3HaIgn, ITO KOHTO CHaAnepHCTHTe 6Hxa MornH Aa
onpeJ.[en5IT MecTOpa3nononcenneTO H xapaxTepa Ha IjeJIHTe (KapTeu-
HHI[a, CHalinepHCT H T. H.).
PT,KOBOgHTeJIHT 3anOBHABa Ha CHalinepHCTHTe Aa CH H36epaT
nW, HO KOIlTO Te Me ce npeABH>KaT Hanpeg. CHalinepHCTHTe gO-
KnaABaT nOApeA CBOHTe peIIIeHHH 3a H36paHH5I n'bT. P'bKOBOAHTe-
JTHT nonpaBH rpenIKHTe H C j[on'bfHHTeJIHH B'bnpOCH noCTHra
npaBHJIHH peIHeHHH.
npH CBT,pIIIBaHe Ha 3aHSITHeTO p'KOBOAHTeJISIT npaBH ouenxa
Ha AeI1CTBH5ITa Ha CHaT3nepHCTHTe H nOC(YLIBa AOnyCHaTHTe HeAOCTa-
TT,I;H.
3aHSITHe 2
geiCTBHH Ha cHaHnepoBa ABOIiKa B C'bCTaBa Ha CTpeJIKOBHH
B3BOA npe3 BpeMe Ha aTaxaTa
Ileac. Ida ce HayLIaT CHafnepHCTHTe Ha npaBHJIHH AeHCTBHH npe3
BpeMe Ha aTaKaTa Ha ,noAeneHHeTO.
Y4C6OHH Bi,npocH. 1. Ha6moJeHHe H OTKPHBaHe Ha I;eJIHTe.
2. YHHHjo}KaBaHe Ha I;eJIHTe npe3 BpeMe Ha apzxnepIdiCHaaa
ITOArOTOBKa H aTaKaTa.
BpeMe. 3-4 uaca.
MHCTO. YLIe6HOTO noJIe.
McTOA. TaKTHKO-CTpoeBO 3aHATHe.
MaTepHanno ocnrypnBane. YCTaHOBeHOTO cHap n eHHe H
BT,op-b>KeHHe. MHIHeHH: rpT,AHH - 2, xapTeiIHHgH - 2, rnaBe-
CTH - I; cpnarueTa - 2 (tiepBexo m 6xno) ; xanocHH naTpoHH - 10.
nogrOTOSxa Ha 3aHHTHeTO. 3aHSITHeT0 ce npOBexKJja Ha Cb
njOTO yue6HO none, iKaBaHeTO Ha Te3H OT TSIX,
KOHTO MoraT ga oKa>xaT peHIaBanijo BJIHSIHHe Ha xoj a Ha 60x.
2-pu yue6en eanpoc. 11eneyKa3Ba'He Ha rIexoTa-
Ta, a pTHnepH31Ta H T a H K 0 BeTe. npHKpHBaHe
C orT,H TaHK0BeTe, npeTbpii eJIH n o B p e Jja.
PLKOBOI;HTenSIT pa35ICHnBa Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe, Lie nPH OTKpHBaHe
Ha Ijenn, KOHTO C eJjHH H3CTpen c nymKa He MoraT ga 6T,JjaT yHHnjo-
>KeHH, Te ca An'b>KHH Jja yKa3BaT Te3H I[enF.Ha nexoTaTa, TaHKo-
BeTe H apTHnepHSITa C TpaCHpaigH xypmyMK.
IIpH noBpe>Kgane Ha Ham Tam< cnaI3nepHCTnTe ro npHxpHBar
CT,C CBOSI orSH, He gonyCKaIIKH go Hero H OTHBHHKOBH BOI1HHIjH K
o4niiiepH. IIO-HaTaTT,x pT,.KOB09HTeM51T yxa3Ba, tie HpH 6o1.1 B ZjT,n-
6oLIHHa Ha IPOTHBHHHOB Ta oT6paxa aTaxyBaIgoTO' noJjeneHHe it e
ce cpenjHe c xoHTpaaTaxyBau~HTe rpynH Ha np0THBHHKa,.K0i TO ce
CTpemH ga B-b3CTaHOBH noJTOHCeHHeTO. B T03H nepll0 peiuaBan o
3HagieHHe HMa HHH1 HaTHBaTa H II1 JIHaTa CaMOCTOSITeJIHOCT Ha CHaH-
nepHCTHTe, Jjei3HOCTTa Ha KOHTO TpH6Ba Jja 67.9e Haco ieHa 3a yHH-
HjOxcaBaHe Ha OCiiujepHTe H Hai3-aKTHBHHTe BOI1HHIUH OT KOHTpa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
aTaxyBaaqaTa rpyna, a Taxa CBnjO H orHeBHTe cpeJjcTBa, KOHTO nOJj-
JjBpxcaT xoHTpaaTaxaTa Ha npOTHBHHKa.
. CneJj TOBa pBKOBOJjHTenHT BBBeM< a o6y'1aBaHaTa rpyna B TaK-
THLIecxaTa o6cTanoBxa, 3anorBa noxa3BaneTO Ha LjeJIHTe B C7bOT-
BeTcTBHe CBC CBOSI 3aMHcbn m o63IBSIBa Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe TaKHBa
BBORHH, no KOHTO Te Tp$16Ba Jja OCBHjeCTBSIBaT? LjeneyHa3BaHe Ha
IlexoTaTa, TaHKOBeTe H apTnnepHSnTa m npnxpHBaT C orBH noBpe-
geHHTe TaHKOBe.
Hpe3 Bpeme Ha pa36opa BoI3HHLjHTe, o6o3HaxiaBan(H npOTHB-
HHxa, HO cHrHan Ha pb,KoBOIjHTenx npeMHHasaT B Jjpyr paI3oH.
Korazo 3aBBpmIH pa36opa, p'bxOBOZ[HTenHT JjaBa CHrHan Ha
Boj3Hnxa, 0603Ha'IaBaLIj B3BoZja, Jja np0g%.TI>KH j[BHSKeHHeTO. MOM
3anot1He Jja ce JjBH}1H, HO CI4rHan Ha p7bKOBOJjITen5I ?npOTHBHH-
KoBaTa" Te}KKa xapTexJHHLja oTKpHBa OrBH no Hero.
PBKoBOJJ,HTenIT JjaBa BBoJjna: ?B ospara B palioxa, OT KoIITo
BOJjH orBH TeSKxaTa KapTeLIHHlja, npe65lrBaT BOrIHHUH go oTJje-
.JIeHHe. 3aJj Bac Ha 'BHCOLIHHaTa ?gBoIIHa" ce HaMHpa xomaH,IjHHHT
IIYHKT Ha ROMaHJjHpa Ha MHHOMeTHHSI B3BOJj."
HO Ta3H BBOJjHa CHacinepHCTHTe ca Jji b>KHH Jja yxa>KaT LjeJITa
Ha MHHOMeTHTe, KaTO CTpeJIHT C TpacHpaIIJH xyplllyMH B HOCOKa
Ha OBpara. B T03H MOMeHT no B3BOJja (no CHrHan Ha pBKOBOJjHTeJISI)
CC OTKpHBa CBCpegoToLIeH orBH.
CHalinepHCTHTe TpH6Ba Jja Ce H3HeCaT HanpeJj, axo OT cTapaTa
OrHeBa n03HIjH5t Te}KKaTa KapTe'iHHLja He ce BH}KJja, H Jja 3aeMaT
HOBa orHeBa H03HUHSI. CHallnepHCTBT-Ha6nioJjaTen yKa3Ba LjeJITa
Ha cHaAnepI4CTa-H3Tpe6HTen H CneJj TOBa JjBaMaTa OTKpHBaT OTBH
HO Te}KKaTa KapTetIHHija.
IIo CHrHaJI Ha xoMaHJjHpa Ha B3BoL a ?npOTHBHHKOBaTa" Te)KKa
KapTe-IHHIja 3aMnBKBa, a neKaTa KapTe-IHHLja npoJjbJDKaBa Jja BOJjH
orlH. HaII-npaBHnno nje 6BJje cneJjHOTO peIIIeHHe Ha CHalInepHC-
THTe: H3Tpe6HTen5IT Jja BOW{ orBH HO neKaTa KapTeLIHHIja, a Ha6nlo-
JjaTen5T Jja npO bJI}KH Jja Ha6nioJjaBa KapTexJHHLjaTa, K03ITO T0Ky-
IIjO e npexpaTHna orbHH H e BB3MO}KHO Jja cMeHSI OrxeBaTa cH nO-
3HLjH5I.
IIpH pa3pa6oTBaneTO Ha BTOPHH ytie6eH BBnpoC p'bKOBOAHTen5IT
yxa3Ba, Lie LjeJIH xaTO Taxxose H OpBJLHSI Ha npoTHBHHKa ca npeJj-
meT OT oco6erO 3HaueHHe 3a CHaftnepHCTa-Ha6JnoJjaTen, ROAM ripH
OTKpHBaHeTO HM He3a6aBHO Jjonara Ha KOMaHgHpa Ha B3BOJja.
3-mu ytie6eu empoc. C B g efl CTBHe Ha B3BoJja (po-
T aTa) 3a 3aKpenBaHe Ha 3aeTaT.a McCTHoCT.
PBKOBOJjHTenDIT JjaBa BBOJjxa: ,rlogeiieHHeTo e H3nBJIHHJIO nocza-
BeHaTa 3aJjaxia H ce 3axpensa Ha 3aeTaTa meczxocT." B CLOTBeT-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
CTBHe C Ta3H BBOj[Ha CbrnacHO yxa3aHH3ITa Ha p'bKOBOAHTenH AeH-
CTByBa BOrIHHK'bT, 0603HagaBaIII B3BOAa.
JeiICTBHSITa Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe TpH6Ba Aa ce C'bCTOSIT B npH-
KpHBaHe 4)naHrOBeTe Ha noAeneHHeTO. CHaHnepHCTHTe OTKpHBaT
or-bH HO IjeJIHTe, nOKa3BaIuH ce nO 3aHOBeA Ha p'bKOBOAHTeJIH.
4-mu yue6ex esnpoc. YHHHjoxcaBaHe Ha ol)Hue-
pH,Te, p bKOBOAerIJH KoHTpaaTaKaTa Ha npo-
THBHHKa, H orHeBHTe cpe,ijcTBa, KO HTO - H
o c H r y p H B a T. B nepHOAa Ha 3axpenBaxe Ha 3aezaza MecT-
HOCT p-LKOBOAHTeMHT AaBa cHrHan 3a noKa3BaHe Ha KOHTpaaTaKaTa..
,e13CTBHHTa Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe Tp$6Ba Aa ce CBe)IAaT AO yHHHjO-
)xaBaHeTO Ha Te)KKHTe xapTetIHHIjH, pa3LleTa Ha OpT,AHSITa, O4H-
LjepHTe H HanpaBnsIBaluHTe BOI%IHHILH OT KOHTpaaTaKyBanjaTa rpyna
Ha ?npOTHBHHKa".
B',B BpT,3Ka CLC CKOpOTetIHOCTTa Ha AeiicTBHHTa Ha AaAeHHH
eTan OT 3aHHTHeTO, a TaKa C'M1 O H B pe3ynTaT Ha Jjp6paTa BHWI-
MOCT Ha KOHTpaaTaKyBaH(aTa rpyna OrbH BOAHT egHOBpeMeHHO H
ABaMaTa CHaI3nepHCTH (cHaHnepHCTBT-H3Tpe6HTen H CHai riepHc-
TBT-Ha6rno aTen).
C ieA TOBa ce npaBH o61ij pa36op Ha 3aHSITHeTO KaTO u31n0.
AEtiCTBHA HA CHAI3IIEPHCTA B OTBPAHHTEJIHHSI BOIL
3aAauHTe Ha cHaAnepHCTHTe B 0T6paHH-
TenHHH 6oI3 npH HenocpeAcTBeHO cT-npH-
KOCHOBeHHe C np0THBHHHa. aOHaLianOTOHa HaCTT~-
naTenHHTe AeI3CTBH3I Ha npOTHBHHKa H3BeCTHO pee ABeTe CTpaHI3
ce HaMHpaT B OT6paHa. OHHT'bT OT BenHKaTa OTetieCTBeHa BOI4Ha
noKa3a, Lie npe3 T03H nepHOA CHaI3nepHCT14Te 3aeAHO C orb~H51 Ha
cnejnanHO OTAeneHHTe orneBH cpeACTBa ca B3eMailH aKTHBHO
yziaCTHe B yHHILjo)KaBaHeTO Ha npOTHBHHKa.
Pa3nonarai3KH ce n nbpBaTa TpaHliieH HnH 3aA Hey B 3aBHCH-
MOCT OT xapaiTepa Ha McCTHOCTTa H CTeneHTa Ha HHTeH3HBHOCTTa.
Ha npOTHBHHKOBHH or&H, CHaAnepHCTHTe ca Ha6nioJaBanH npo-
THBHHKa H yHHHjO)xaBanH no5iB3IBanjHTe ce i;eiiH - HaH-Hanpeg
pa3LieTHTe Ha OTHeBHTe CpeACTBa, npeLieMH Ha OpTT)JHSITa Aa BOASIT
orT:,H cnpaBO MepeHe.
OnpeAeneHHTe CHal3nepHCTH, KOHTO HOC$IT 60AHa cnyxc6a Bba
B3BOAa (pOTaTa), 3aeAHo c Ae)KypHHTe OPHeBH cpe,CTBa yHHIuo)Ka-
BaT Ha6nnoAaTeJIHTe Ha npOTHBHHKa, OTAeJIHHTe HeroBH rpyna,
OnMTBai H Ce Aa BOAHT pa3y3HaBaHe, He AOnyCKaT OTKpHTO npe-
ABHxKBaHe Ha npOTHBHHKa B HerOBOTO pa3noJI0)xeHHe H My npeLiar
Aa H3BTPMBa HH)KeHepHHTe CH pa6OTH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpH OT6paHa CHal3nepHCTMTe o60pyJ;BaT OCHOBHI3, 3anaCHH K
Jrb)KJIHBH, a B HHIKOH CJIy 1aH H npeJIHH CHartnepoBH n03HIIHH. AKo
Te3H n03HIAHH ca 3HagnTeJIHO OTJIa.IeueHH e)Ha OT Rpyra, 3a
BCSIKa OT THX (ocBeH Jrb>KJIHBaTa) cneRBa J;a HMa CTpeJIKOBa Hap-
THLIxa. CHaFinepHCTHTe BOA31T OrbH OT OCHOBHHTe 1103HIIHH B ne-
pHOJIa Ha aTaKaTa Ha npOTHBHHKa OT npeJIHH31 xparl Ha OT6paHaTa.
OCHOBHHTe CHal3nepoBH H03HIIHH cc 060pyJIBaT Ha TaKHBa ytIaCTb11H
OT McCTHOCTTa, KOHTO ca HaIi-nOJZXOJISInUH 3a Ha6rno eHHe H BOZ(eHe
Ha orbH. 3anaCHHTe r103HI14H Cc 3aeMaT OT CHaitnepHCTHTe npI
apTHJLepHrICKH HJIH MHHOMeTeH o6CTpeJI no OCHOBHHTe II03HAHH HJIH
npH BKJIHHSIBaHe Ha npOTHBHHKa B Hamm OT6paHa, KOraTO H51Ma
B B3MO)KHOCT ga cc OCTaHe Ha OCHOBHKTe II0311 11H. .TI'b>KJIHBH no-
3141[HH cc 060pyJ1;BaT C HeJ1 ga cc BbBeJIe npOTHBHHK-bT B 3a6JIy)x-
AeHHe H cc npHBJletIe HeroBHSIT or'bH BT,pxy Te3H n03HIXHH, 3a ga
HMa B1,3MO)KHOCT JIa cc 3acege McCTOpa3nOJI0)xeHHeTO Ha HerOBHTe
CHailnepHCTH. 3aTOBa JrbHCJIHBaTa r103HIAH51 nO BBHHIHHTe 6e31e3H
Tpsi6Ba ga 6i e o6opyJlBaxa H 3aMaCKHpaHa KaTO HCTHHCKa; OCBeH
TOBa OT Bpeme Ha Bpeme TH Tps16Ba ga nposIBSIBa IIpH3HaWIH Ha
,,>KHBOT". IlpeJIHaTa nO3HIW113I Ha CHaIhlepHCTHTe cc o6opygBa npeJ;
npeAHHH KpaYI 3a BOJ1;exe Ha orbH 1-10 ueJIH, KOBTO He MoraT J;a cc
Ha6JI1o aBaT H J;OCTHraT OT OCHOBHaTa n03HgH51. r103MIAH5ITa TpR-
6Ba ga HMa CKpHTH n1,THiga 3a OTTerJI5IHe K'bM HaIIIHTe TpaHIIIeH.
Tp516Ba ga cc I4Ma npeJ);BHJ(, Lie npOTHBHHW bT uxe cc CTpemH ga
azaxyBa BHe3arIHO. 3agatlaTa Ha cxal3nepHCTHTe KaTO Hart-KBaJIH-
4MUXHpaHH H o6ytIeHH Ha6JIIOJ;aTeJIH Cc C bCTOH B TOBa ga MoraT Ha-
Bpeme ga OTxpKSIT noJ[roToBxaTa Ha npoTHBHHxa 3a aTaxa H Sae Ho
C J(pyrHTe orxeBH cpeJjcTBa ga yiiaCTByBaT B ocyeTSIBaxeTO It.
Oco6eHO J(o6po Ha6rnO) eHHe cxarlnepHCTHTe Tps16Ba ga yCTa-
HOB51T 3a HaHIHTe 3arpa)KgeHH51, nOHe>Ke OnHT-bT Ha npOTHBHHKO-
BHTe CanbopH J{a pa3pymaT 3arpa>KgeHH1Ta HJIH ga HanpaB51T B TSIX
npOXOJ;H MO)Ke ga 6r a npH3HaK 3a rOTBenIa cc aTaKa.
Ou.Ie B HatIaJIOTO Ha npOTHBHHKOBaTa aTaKa cnaI3nepHCT-bT-
H3Tpe6HTenI H CHartnepHCT'bT-Ha6JIIOJIaTe3I yHHnjO)KaBaT C OrsH
)KHBaTa CHJIa, H TO Hart-Hanpeg o(4)H1[ep1Te H H3JIe3JIHTe Hanpeg
BOfIHKI(H, a TaKa CbUIO H OrHeBKTe CpeJICTBa, noJIgbpxcauH aTa-
KaTa Ha npOTHBHHKa.
AKO pa3CTOHHHeTO Me)KJjy HaHh1151 npeJZeH KpaI3 H npegHH31 Kpar3
Ha npoTHBHKKa HaJIMHHaBa 400 At, n[e 6rbAe uenec-bo6pa3HO, KaTO
cc H3nOJI3yBa HoMTa, ga cc H3HeCaT HaIIIHTe CHartnepHCTH npeg
HaIIIHSI npeJleH xpaI3 H HM cc nOCTaBSIT CJIeJI,HKTe 3aJIagIH:
- ga yH1u1 O)KaBaT oco6eHO Ba)iHHTe IXe3IH,. KOHTO He moraT) a
cc Ha6J11o aBaT HJIH JIOCTHrHaT OT op b)KHeTO, pasnoJI0)KeHO Ha
Ha1HHsi npeIleH xpail;
151
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
- Jta Ha6niogaBaT nOBeJIeHHeTO Ha IIpoTHBHHKa c ue.i ga OT-
HpHSIT no4rOTOBHaTa My 3a aTaKa, CMSIHa, OTTerJIHHe H T. H.;
- ga H3yTiaT pa31-IOJI03KeHHeTO Ha npOTHBHHKa - OrHeBHTe My
cpej(CTBa, Ha6JIIo aTeJIHH H KOMaHAHH nyHKTOBe H ApyrH Ba>KHH
o6eKTH.
3a npegaBaHe JjaHHHTe OT Ha6JnoJIeHHeTO Ha HagaJIHHKa, KOIiTO
e H3npaTHJI CHaiinepHCTHTe Ha npe;XHaTa n03I44H31, cJIeJIBa ga ce
yCTaHOBIi Bp'b3Ka Ha Ta3H n03HLLHSI C nOJ[eJIeHHeTO, 6e3 ga Ce OT-
KpHBa pa3noJIO>HeHHeTO Ha CHaIiIlepHCTHTe.
KoraTO CHarlnepHCTHTe J[eYICTByBaT npeJ[ Hamm npegeH Kpai3,
TpH6Ba ga ce o6pi, a ron5IMO BHHMaHIIe Ha macxHpoBKaTa Ha pa3-
noJTO>KeHHeTO HM H HaJIHxlHeTO Ha CKpHTH HOJ_jCTT,fH 3a OTTerjISIHe
B pai oHa Ha oT6paxaTa Ha noJleJIeHH3ITa. OCBeH TOBa Tps16Ba ga ce
OTJIeJISIT orxeBH cpeJIcTBa 3a nogJjT,p>KaHeTO HM KaKTO npe3 BpeMe
Ha MecTOHaxo>KJjeHneTO mm npeg npegHHSi Kpari, Taxa H npH OT-
TerJISIHe.
JelCTBne na CHaInepncTHTe n ycJIOBHSI Ha npeRBapn Tenno
oprann3Hpana oT6paHa
r1OJIyT3HJIH H y5ICHIIJIH 3agauaTa Ha nojjeJIeHHeTO H CBOSITa, CHaI-i-
nepHCTHTe H3BbpHi$aT cnegHaTa pa6oTa:
1. YTO4HSIBaT OKOHTiaTeJIHO McCTaTa Ha CHaiinepOBHTe r103HIX*HH
B noCogeHHTe HM pariOHH, o6opyJ[BaT rH H rH MaCKHpaT.
2. 3a Bcsixa CHaI3nepoBa no3HIIIISi C-bCTaBNT CTpenxoBa Hap-
THTaxa.
3. H3ytiaBaT CI4CTeMaTa Ha Or'LHS1 Ha noJjeJIeHHHTa H CC 3ano-
3HaBaT C pa3noJIo)KeHHeTO Ha CHarInepHCTHTe OT CbceJ[HHTe noJle-
JIeHH31 c i ei1 3a B3aHMOJIei3CTBHe C TAX.
4. H3yTiaBaT McCTHOCTTa B noJiocaTa Ha JleifCTBHHTa KaKTO npeg
npe,i(HIIH xpaii, Taxa H B paiiona Ha OT6paHaTa Ha nogeJieHHeTO.
5. H3y'-iaBaT rrbTH 3a OTTerJISiHe Ha 6oiiHOTO oxpaHeHHe c i eJI 3a
nOJ;J);bp)KaHeTO My Cl,C CBOSI orT,H.
B 3aBHCHMOCT OT XapaKTepa Ha McCTHOCTTa 1 eJIec'bo6pa3HO e
CHaiinepoBHTe n03HI>HH ga ce pa3nOJIaraT B nvpBaTa H BTOpaTa TpaH-
mesI HJIH me>KAy THX.
HpH H36op, o6opygBaxe m Macxupane Ha CHainepOBH 'no-
3HIj14H cxaI3nepHCTHTe Tp316Ba ga nposIB5IBaT MaiCHMyM HHH-
gHaTHBa, C'bo6pa3HTeJIHOCT H BoeHHa XHTpOCT. n03HIXHHTe Ha CHari-
nepHCTHTe Tps16Ba ga 6TJZaT H36paHH Ha TaKHBa MCCTa H Taxa J;a
6r aT 060pyJ;BaHH H 3aMaCKHpaHH, TIe CHarlnepHCT-bT ga Mo>Ke yc-
neIIIHO J;a H3n'bJIHH nOCTaBeHaTa My 3aJ>;aga, ga CH B3aHMOgeiiCTByBa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
-c Rpyrxze cnaHneplICTH, ga Manespnpa B CBOH paIIOH Ha oT6paxa,
H3non3ysaI3KH 3anacHHTe n03HIIH14, H ga BTbBexHHH npM YJHLIHIT
6oeBe H HpH CHJIHO npeceLiena McCTHOCT, IKBalwHn ce npOTHBHHK.
110-KB CHO CHarinepHCTHTe MoraT ga 6BgaT n3nOJl3yBaHH 3a HOJZ-
A1p>KaHe Ha KOHTpaaTaKyBanwHTe nogeJ1eHHS1.
B OT6paHHTeJ1H1S1 6OH pa6OTaTa Ha CHaI3nepHCTHTe KaTO Ha6Jno-
AaTeJIH HMa rOJIHMO 3Ha1eHHe. KOMaHJ[HIThT Ha no eJreHHeTO, B
LIHeTO pa3IIOpe)KgaHe HMa npHRaJ>;eHH CHafnepHCTH, HapeJ; C-bC 3a-
gaTIHTe 3a yHHWO)HaBaHe Ha Ba)KHHTe IAeJIH Tpa6Ba ga IOCTaBHT Ha
CHaHnepHCTHTe cnelwHaJrHH 3aJ;atIH n0 Ha6yno eHHeTO. ,JIo 3anOiI-
BaHe Ha aKTHBHWTe J1;eHCTBH5I Ha npOTHBHHKa Ha6Juo eHHeTO 3a.
orHeBHTe my cpeJ7cTBa H H3yLIasaneTO Ha McCTHOCTTa B yxa3axaTa
rionoca e Hai-BawHaTa 3aJjaua Ha cxaHnep1CTHTe. IIpH oT6pana
CHaAnepHCTHTe Tps16Ba ga BOAHT 06$I3aTeJIHo JjHeBHHK 3a Ha6J11o
) eHHeTO.
fOCTans ie 3aga4H Ha CHaI3HepHCTHTC. 3agaTiH Ha cHaHne-
pHCTHTe rIOCTaB51 KOMaHAHp bT Ha no eJIeHHeTO, B C'bCTaBa Ha KOeTO?
Te J;eiCTByBaT.
IIpH nOCTaBRHeTO Ha 3aJ7,a4HTe Ha CHaHnepnCTHTe ce yKa3BaT:
- opHeHTHpHTe;
- nOJlocaTa 3a Ha6JnoJCeHHe n 06CTpe3I, py6e>KHTe 3a BepOAT
HOTO CTpynBaHe Ha npOTHBHHKa, McCTHHTe npegMeTH H yLIaCTThI(HTe
OT McCTHOCTTa, Ha KOHTO CJ1egBa ga ce o6p-biga oco6eHO BHHMaHHe;
- paHOH-bT Ha CHaHnepOBHTe n03H]gHH - OCHOBHa, 3anacna H.
JIrb)KJTHBa, a B 0TJ>;eJIHH CJryxiaH H npeAHa; ni,THH;aTa 3a OTTerjIRHe
OT npeJ[HaTa n03HIIHSr B Hame pa3nono)Kenne;
- BpeMeTO 3a rOTOBHOCTTa Ha n03HI[HHTe;
- McCTaTa 3a ApyrHTe cnaHnepoBH ?BOHKH HaKTO B CBOeTO?
pa3110JI0)KeHHe, TaKa H B paiOHHTe Ha OT6paHaTa Ha cT ceJ 11Te; Kait
g a ce opraHH3Hpa B3aHMOJ;eHCTBHeTO C T$IX.
3a ga MOraT CHalnepHCTHTe ja ReHCTByBaT Cb3HaTeJIHO, a B
cayxlaH Ha HCO6XOJjIMOCT H camoCTOFITeJIHO, Te Tps16Ba ga 3HanT'
Ro6pe 3aj;aqaTa Ha nogeneHHeTO.
IIPHMEPHO C A'1P)KAHHE H'METOA 13A IIPOBE)KAAHE HA
3AH$ITHSI C.C CHA1 HEPHCTHTE IIIPH OBYgABAHETO [HM,
3A AEACTBHH B OTBPAHHTEJIHHH BOR
B 12.00 ti. Ha 17. 8 KomaHJj111ThT Ha 2-pH B3BOR, 5-Ta cTpeJIKOBa
poTa, HaMHpaHKr3 ce Ha H3TOLIHHTe cxaTOBe Ha BHCOLIHHaTa c OT-
meTxa 260,7 (pnc. 33), e H3cnyinan ycTHaTa 60HHa 3anose, Ha no-
MaHJI,Hpa Ha pOTaTa, OT KOSITO cH e H351CHHJI:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
SO Q 50 100 f5O.a
nepHCTHTe npH o6yqaBaHeTo HM as j{eiciBHe B oT6paHHTeIIHHR 6o11
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
rHoAxo>KAaHeTOHa npegHHTC LIacTH Ha npoTHBHHHa e B'b3MO)KHO~
cneA 3-4. AeHOHoa 14 I.
B3BOAT,T, yCHneH C B3BOA Te)KKH KapTeLIHHw4, HMai KH B CBOSI
C'bCTaB CHallnepoBa ABOI3Ka (CHaI3nepHCTHTe UBeTKOB H HeTKOB),
HMa '3a 3aAaga Ha pa3CBMBaHe Ha 20. 8 ja IIOAPOTBH H 3ApaBO Aa
OT6paHHBa n03H11HATa Ha yT;aCT'bKa (H31Ke ga 6-bge o603HageHa c MHnreHH.
CJIeJj TOBa pbHoBOJjHTeJIAT Ha6eJIA3Ba McCTa, Ha KOHTO e H3-
rOJ(HO ga ce o6opyJjBaT CHaI3nepOBH II03HAHH - OCHOBHa, 3anacHa,
npejjxa (npeg npegHH51 Kpai) H JI'WKJIHBa, nog6Hpa OpHeHTHPH H
C'bCTaBH CXCMH 3a TAX.
HaKpaA PLKOBOJjHTeJIAT Ha6eJIA3Ba KBge H KOH OT MHIIIeHHTe
(IjeJIHTe) ga pa3nOJIO>KH, J;aBa yKa3aHHA Ha noKa3BaTJH?Te HO KaKBH
CHrHaJIH, KaK, Kora H B TetleHHe Ha KOJIKO BpeMe ga rH nOKa3BaT
(Ta6JIHIjaTa Ha CHrHaJIHTe 3a HOKa3BaHe Ha IjeJIHTe H peg-bT 3a Tpe-
HHPOBKa Ha nOKa3Ba*dHTe ca nOCOLreHH B OfHCaHHCTO Ha 3aH51THe 2).
B HaBeLIepHeTO Ha 3aH31TH5ITa p bKOBOAHTeJIAT H3yLraBa CT,C CBOA
B3BOJj O6njHTe fOJIOXCeHHA, OTHaCAnjH Ce )JO OT6paHHTeJIHH51 60K, H
3aJjatlHTe, KOHTO CHalinepHCTHTe pa3pelmIaBaT npH oT6pana. IIpH
TOBa >KeJlaTeJIHO e ga ce HpHBeJjaT HAKOJIKO npHMepa 3a yCH IJ1HH
Jjei CTBHA Ha CT,BeTCKHTe CHaI3nepHCTH B nepHOJja Ha BeJIHKaTa OTe-
HeCTBeHa BOAHa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
IIpeJIH 3anogIBaxe Ha 3aHSITHRTa B1,B BCSixa gBOI3Ka p'bxOBOJhH-
TeMHT Ha3Hagasa CTapHIH H nposepgBa rOTOBHOCTTa H H3HpaBHOCTTa
Ha MaTepHanxaTa uaCT H BCHLIHO Heo6xo HMO 3a npoBe}KJJaxe Ha
3aHSITHeTO.
IIpOBewgaHe Ha 3aHJITHeTO
1-au yue6eu eanpoc. YHCHHBaHe Ha 3agaxiaTa.
143JIH3aI3xH C B3BOJIa B parioHa Ha 3aHSITHeTO (H3TOLIHHTe CKaTOBe
Ha BHCOLIHHaTa C OTMeTKa 260,7), p'bKOBOZLHTeJIHT HanOMHSI TeMaTa
Ha 3aHSITHeTO, IIeJITa H y'Ie6HHTe B-bnpocH. Cneg TOBa p'bxOBOZ[H-
TeJIHT B POJIATa Ha KOMaHJIHP Ha B3BOJIa OTJIaBa yCTHa 3anOBeJi 3a
OT6paHaTa, B K0$ITO B OTgeJIHa TOLIKa nOCTaBH 3aJiaua Ha CHaHne-
pHCTHTe:
,,CHaAnepHCTHTe IUBeTKOB H IIeTKOB (CTapnIH - L1BeTKOB) Jia
o6opyj7BaT H MacxHpaT OCHOBHa cxai3nepoBa n03HIXHSI B 3anaJi-
HaTa uaCT Ha xpaCTanaxa Ha CeBepHHTe CxaTOBe Ha BHCOUHHaTa c
OTMeTxa 260,7, 3anacxa cxainepoBa no3H1Hx Ha 25-35 M IoroH3-
TO'IHO OT H3TO'HaTa LIaCT Ha xpaCTaJIaKa Ha cbn.IaTa BHCOiIHHa, nIbxC-
JIHBa CHaI3nepOBa H03H4HSI Ha 20-30 hL Ha 3anaJi OT n'bTSI 3aJi nT,p-
BaTa TpaHIIIeH H npewla CHaI3nepOBa n03HIIHSI Ha 100 m Ioro3anaAHo
OT OpFeHTHp 3.
IIOJioca .3a Ha6JIIoJjeHHe H or'bH: npH pa3nonaraxe Ha OCHOB-
HaTa 1-103HIAH51 BA31CHO - W bTSIT OT KOJIOHHSITa t-IepBeHa 3Be3Jia,
BJI5IBO - n5IBaTa rpaHHl.a Ha orHeBaTa nonoca Ha B3BOJIa; npH pa3-
nOnaraHe Ha 3anacHaTa n031IIHH BJIHCHO - H3TOLIHHTe CKaTOBe Ha
BHCOLIHHaTa 260,7, KOJIOHHSITa LIepBena 3Be3Jia, Bn$IBO - IrbTSIT,
OpleHTHP 5.
IIpe3 nepxoga Ha apTHnepHKCxaza nOJIrOTOBKa Ha ,npOTHB-
HHKa", JIeIiCTByBaI3(H OT npegHaTa CHal3nepoBa n03HIIH3I, Jia yHH-
HIo}KaBa Ba>ICHHTe IIeJIH, He nO3BOJSIBaI3KH Ha ?npOTHBHHKa" Jia ce
CTpynBa Ha py6ewa 3a aTaxa.
B CnyLIai Ha II HHygeHO OTTernHHe OT npegHaTa HO3HIA11H Jia ce
OTTerJIHT n0 JIOnHHaTa KTbM OCHOBHaTa CHafinepOBa n03HIAHFI H 3aeJIHO
C B3BOJIa Jia 6,bgaT rOTOBH Jia OTpa3SIT C OrbH aTaKaTa Ha ?npOTHB-
HHxa". BaHIHTe JIei CTBHF B IlepHOga Ha OTTernRHe Ha OCHOBHaTa
n03HIIHSI we 6T1JIaT nogg-bpwaHH OT Te3KKaTa KapTeliHHIia."
KoraTO PBKOBOJIHTeJJHT OTJIaBa 6oihlaTa 3aHOBeJi, nOMOnIHH-
K'bT My fOCTaBSI Ha McCTaTa, noCo IeHH, B 3arOBeJITa, MHiueHHTe,
0603HatIaBauuH pa3nOJIOHCeHHeTO Ha ' OTJIeneHHATa, H MHIHeHHTe,
06O3Ha'IaBaIIIH OrHeBHTe cpeJICTBa. AKO HMa BT,3MOHCHOCT, no-Jlo6pe
e OTJIeneHHSITa Jia ce o6o3HatiaT C BOI3HHIIH, a orHeBHTe cpeJICTBa -
C MHIIIeHH HJIH yue6Ha MaTepHanHa LIaCT.
Cneg TOBa pBHOBOJIHTenfIT o6HBSIBa, LIe BCSIKa CHacneposa
JIBOiIKa Me JIeIiCTByBa caMOCTOSITeJIHO H we OTJIensl HHKOJIKO MH-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
HyTH 3a ysCHHBaHe Ha 3agatlaTa. CJlejj H3THLIaHeTO Ha onpeJ(e3IeHOTO,
pee p7bKOBO9HTemIAT - npOBepSIBa yHICHSIBaHeTO Ha 3agagIaTa OT
CTapIJHTe Ha j[Be-TpH cHailnepoBH gBOI3KH.
2-pu y+te6eH eanpoc: 3a11 o3HaBaHe c pa3HOJIO-
}KeHHeTO Ha orHeBHTe cpe ACTBa Ha B3BO ga
H CHal3nepH C T H T e O T c ce AHHTe no JjeJle-
H H H. IIpeRH o6yxlaBaHHTe ga npRCT7bJSTT KEM H3yLlasane Ha pa3-.
noJIo3KeHHeTO Ha orHeBHTe Cpe,I;CTBa Ha McCTHOCTTa, pbKOBOAHTeJIHT
IIOHCHSIBa xaKBO TpH6Ba' ga ce pa36Hpa c TepMHHa ,CHCTeMa Ha
or-bHSI". CHCTeMaTa Ha orLHH - TOBa e opraHH3Hpaxo H31IoJI3yBaxe
orHeBHTe CpeACTBa c orneg TexHHTe TaKTHxo-TexHHUecxH j;aHHH,
xapaxTepa Ha McCTHOCTTa H noJIyLIenaTa 3aj(aga. CHCTeMaTa Ha
OrbHH ce nocTpoHBa OT B3aHMO,i;efkCTBHeTO Ha orLHH Ha apTHJIepHSITa,
MHHOMeTHTe, TaHKOBeTe, caMoxo Ho-apTHJIepHI3CKHTe yCTaHOBKIT
H CTpeJTKOBOTO op7,3KHe. PjpaBHJIHO opraHH3HpaHaTa CHCTeMa Ha
OrLHH Tp$6Ba ga MOxce ga C-b3Aage npeJS npegHHH KpaT3 3OHa Ha
HenpeKVCHaT or-bH B riojioca go 4Q0 At.
OrHeBHTe 3aJ;aLIH Ha CHairmepInCTHTe ce nOCTaBHT C oriieg 3aga-
LIHTe Ha pyre OrHeBH CpegCTBa. CHaI3nepHCTHTe ca JUTh)KHH Aa
Ce 3arIO3Ha5IT OCHOBHO CT,C CHCTeMaTa Ha Or-bHH Ha rIOJjeJTeHHeTO.
CJTeg TOBa p'bHOBOAHTeJISIT o6pTbn[a BHHMaHHe Ha o6ytxaBaHHTe
B-bpXy pa3nOJIo)KeHHeTO Ha orHeBHTe cpeJ[cTBa Ha OTJ;eJIeHHHTa,
B3BOga H CHaxnepHCTHTe OT CTbCeJ;HHTe no eJTeHHH, HOHCHHBa 3anjo
orHeBHTe cpeACTBa ca pa3noJIOSKeHH HMeHHO TaKa, T. e. IOKa3Ba Ha
O6yLIaBaHHTe opraHH3arjHHTa Ha CHCTeMaTa Ha orT,HH Bbpxy McCT-
HOCTTa.
PT,KOBOAHTeJIHT 3anOB51 Ba Ha BceKH o6yuaBaH, H3XO)Kgarhxe ga cnomara HJIH o6paTHO, ga npexIH 3a yc-
neIIIHHTe 6OI3HH jje1CTBHH Ha BOI3CRHTe Ka}TO Ha CBOHTe, Taxa H Ha
np0THBHHKa. Oco6eHO rOM$JMO 3HatIeHHe HMa McCTHOCTTa B OT6pa-
HHTCJIHH$J 6ox. CHJIaTa Ha OT6paHaTa e B yMeJIOTO H3HOJI3yBaHe Ha
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
yxpenexaTa B HHSKexepxo OTHOnIeHHe MecTHOCT, B OpraaH3a$H3iTa
Ha CHCTeMaTa Ha Or7H31 H B ycTO WHBOCTTa Ha Bo 3CHHTe.
IIpOTHBHHK'BT nee ce CTpeMH ga H3HOJI3yBa CKPHTHTe nOACT7~IIH,
3a ga MO)Ke ga gOH j;e KOJIKOTO e B b3M0>KHO n0-6JIH3KO AO OT6pa-
HHBangHA ce. 3a H3yLIaBaHe HauieTO pa3no310>xeHHe npOTHBHHK7&T
opraHH3Hpa Mpe>Ka OT Ha6JIIOjjaTe3uIH nyHKTOBe. KaTO ce H3YLIH
McCTHOCTTa B CBOHTa no.loca 3a Ha6JnogeHHe H O6CTpeJI, Tp516Ba
ga ce onpegeJIHT McCTaTa, Ks,1ZeTO e BB3MO>CHO npOTHBHHKBT ga
yCTPOH Ha6sno aTeJIHH fYHKTOBe B nepHOj;a Ha CBOeTO HaCT'bnJ1e-
HHe, ga ce opraHH3Hpa Ha Te3H McCTa oco6eHO Ha6rno eHHe H ga 6,b-
jjaT rOTOBH' 3a yHHngO>KaBaHe Ha6Juo aTeJIHTe Ha, npOTHBHHxa.
Bv3 OCHOBa Ha npaBHJIHaTa o eHKa Ha McCTHOCTTa npej.( npej[HH31
xpal3 MO>Ke ga ce xanpaBH H3BOjj 3a BepoHTHOTO pa3nojlo)KeHHe
Ha npOTHBHHKOBHTe OrHeBH CPeACTBa npH HaCT7anJIeHHeTO My H CJIe-
9OBaTeJIHo C bC 3anoLIBaHe aKTHBHHTe AeRCTBHSI Ha npOTHBHHKa
6sp30 ga Ce OTKPHHT H CBOeBpeMeHHO yHHLLAo>KaT.
CJIeg KaTO H3ytIaT McCTHOCTTa B CBOSITa nojioca, CHa1%InepHCTHTe
CH npaB31T H3BOjj K% e H Ha K013 elan OT 6031 Te n;e HMaT ,CBOH"
IjeJIH, 3a ga MoraT OT no-patio ga IIOjjrOTB31T CBOH or'f H; TOBa MHOrO
Hie o6JIeKLIH 6o maTa HM pa6OTa H n e HOBHIIIH ? eACTBHTeJIHOCTTa
Ha Or'LH31.
CJie,i[ TaxoBa 06HCHeHHe p-bKOBOgHTeJI31T npeI;JIara ga ce npe-
MHHe KLM H3yLIaBaHe Ha McCTHOCTTa. B-LpXy McCTHOCTTa npejj npeg-
HH31 xpaI3 TOR 3an0BHgBa Ha O6yLIaBaHHTe ga onpejjesI31T py6e>Ka Ha
Bepo31THOTO H3XOAHO fOJIO>KeHHe 3a HaCTLn1IeHHe Ha npOTHBHHKa,
BepOsTHHTe OrHeBH HO3HIIHH Ha a'PTHJIepHSITa, Onpej(eneHa 3a CTpeJ1-
6a c npaBO MepeHe, H Te>CKHTe KapTeLIHHgH; McCTaTa Ha Bep031THOT0
pa31-IOJI0>KeHHe Ha Ha6mo aTeJIHHTe nyHKTOBe Ha npOTHBHHKa;
CKPHTHTe nOj{CT7,fH OT H3XOj.[HOTO nOJIO>KeHHe 3a HaCT7mnJIeHHe K-bM
BepOSITHH31 py6e>x 3a aTaKa; BepOSITHHSI py6e>K 3a aTaKa H OPHeBHTe
n03HI(HH Ha Te>xKOTO neXOTHO opbHCHe 3a noggbp>xane azaKaTa
Ha npOTHBHHKa. B CBOeTO pa3riono xeHHe Ha McCTHOCTTa o6yL1aBa-
HHTe ca AJI'b>xHH g a Onpej(eJI31T McCTaTa, ygo6HH 3a O6Opyj;BaHe Ha
CHalinepOBH nO3HIIHH, H CKPHTHTe ImTHnga 3a npegBH>KBaHe B'bTpe
B paIioHa Ha OT6paHaTa.
KaTO npej(OCTaBH Ha o6yLIaBaHHTe pee 3a H3ytIaBaHe Ha rope-
xa3aHHTe B7,IIPOCH, pSKOBOjjHTeJ131T HM pa3pemlaBa ga ce pa3np-bC-
HaT, H36epaT H o603HaxiaT McCTa 3a CHaIhIepOBH HO3HII14H.
CJIej[ TOBa p7,KOBOgHTeJI31T, KaTO cb6epe BCHLIKH o6ytlaBaHH,
H3CJIyruBa gOIJlajjHTe Ha jjBaMa-TpHMa CHaI3nepHCTH no OLjeHxaTa Ha
MCCTHOCTTa npeg npegHHH xpaH. IIpe3 BpeMe Ha ) OKJIajjHTe p'bHoBo-
jjHTeJI31T, xaTO nOCTaB31 gOn'bJIHHTeJIHH B'bnpOCH, nOCTHra npaBHJIHa
H n7,JIHa OgeHKa Ha MCCTHOCTTa 'npe,i npej;HHH KpaH. Pa6OTaTa no
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
oI;eHxaTa Ha McCTHOCTTa ripen npeRHH$I KpaI3 p bKOBOJ.(HTefHT 3a-
B'bpnIBa c xpaTnO 3axnEO1IeHHe.
O6yLIeHHeTO Ha CHaAHepIICTHTe no OIjeHKa Ha McCTHOCTTa B
CBOeTO pa3rIOJIO>xeHHe, Ha npegHHH xpaI3 H B A%J160HHHa Ha OT-
6paHaTa ce H3B-BplUBa aHaJIOTHLIHO c OnHCaHOTO no-rope.
M o ce OTHaCA AO Onpej(eJIHHe McCTaTa, KbAeTO e IjeJlecbo6pa3HO
Aa ce O60pygBaT cHalInepOBH n03HAHH, H H36op Ha CKPHTH nvTHma
3a npeMHHaBaHe OT egHa K%M Apyra, Ta3H LiaCT Ha 3aH5ITHeTO ce
npenop1,LIBa Jja ce npOBeJje npaKTH*iecnH. O6yxiaBaHHTe, xaTO H3-
6epaT McCTaTa 3a o6opyABaHe Ha cxairIepoBH II03HI1HH (OCHOBHa,
3anaCHa, npeAHa H JIT>)-JIHBa), O6HCHIJBaT no HCKaHeTO Ha p'bKOBO-
AHTeJISi 3aii o ca H36panIH HMeHHO Te3H McCTa. Pa3r.Ie1KAar4KH BTb-
npoca 3a IjejIeC'bO6pa3HOCTTa Ha H360p OT o6yilaBaHHSI Ha eAHa HJIH
Apyra n03H4H5I, pTKOBOAHTeJIST e AJm>KeH Aa npHBJIeLIe K1,M aK-
THBHa pa6OTa BCHLIKH CHal3nepHCTH, KaTO rH pa3n0Jiara B MHCTOTO
Ha npe1HOJIaraHaTa no3HI1145I. MACTOTO 3a. CHaAHepOBa H03HIUHA ce
OIjeHABa OT rJIeAHa TOLIKa Ha Ha6n}o eHHeTO H 06CTpeJia, OT B%3-
MO>KHOCTTa Ha OCHOBHOTO II MaCKHpaHe, OT HaJIHLIHeTO Ha CKPHTH
n bTHnja 3a MaHbOB%p H T. H.
Ano rO3BOJ BBa BpeMeTO, >Ke.iaTeJIHO e Aa ce MHHaT none no
eAHH HJIH ABa MapHIPyTa, CB'bp3BanjH Ha6eJIH3aHHTe CHarinepoBH
n03HI1HH, OT6eJIH3BaIkKH KmAe H KaxBH MaCKHpOBTLIHH MepOnpHHTHA
ca Heo6XOAHMH Aa ce nponejaT 3a ocHrypsBaHe Ha n'bJIHa CKpH1OCT
npH npeABH>HBaHeTO MencAy TAX.
3acnraAKH 3HaileHHeTO Ha npeAHaTa CHaI rIepoBa nO3H9HH, PT.-
XOBOAHTeJInT O65ICHHBa Ha o6yxiaBaHHTe 3a KaKBO e Heo6XOAHMa B
nepHOAa Ha apTHJlepHr4cKaTa noArOTOBKa H KaHBH 3aJatiH peIIIaBaT
CHaIinepHCTHTe B T03H nepHOA Ha 60A.
C TOBa 3aBT,PnIBa pa3pa6OTBaneTO Ha 3-HA ytie6eH BTinpOC.
4-mu ytie6ex eanpoc.06opy,BaHe H MacxHpoBxa
H a n 0 3 H II H H T e. Ta3H LIaCT OT 3aHnTHeTO ce npoBe>nAa npaK-
THLIeCKH: Ha McCTHOCTTa o6ytIaBaHHTe 060py,BaT pa3JIHLIHH cnait-
nepoBH 1103HIjHH (OCHOBHa, 3anacxa, JI-b1CJIHBa H npeAHa).
B xoAa Ha O6opy)BaxeT0 H MacxxpoBxaTa Ha cHaAnep0BHTe no-
3HIUHH p-BKOBQAHTenAT AaBa yxa3aHH31 xax no-Ao6pe Aa ce H3B'LpIIIH
pa60TaTa.
P'LKOBOAHTeJIAT o6p7.IIja BHHMaHHe Ha o6yuaBaHHTe B'bpxy ToBa,
me MacxHponKaTa Tp5i6Ba Aa 6,bAe ycTOHgHBa. HpH MacnHpane Ha
e) Ha HJIH Apyra cnaIInepoBa n03HIjHA Tp516Ba Aa ce noMHCJIH B'Lpxy
TOBa MaCKHpOBKaTa B TeLIeHHe Ha CJIeABaIgHTe HIIKOJIKO AHH
Aa CH OCTaHe HenpOMeHeHa. HanpHMep npH MaCKHpaHe Ha 1103HIjH31
c xpaCTaiialin Te ce npeca>KAaT C xopeHnTe; npH UOKpHBane c um-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 i
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
MoBe - nOCTaBHT ce nnaCTOBe c RocTaTT XIHa Ae6eJIHHa; B3eMaT ce
,MepxH 3a,.npegna3Baxe TpeBaTa OT H3CbxBaxe, HamoxpHT ce no-
:KpHTHTe c XIHMOBe yLIaCTT 1 H H T. H.
3a O6OpyiZBaHe Ha JIb)KJIHBH n03HIAHH He e Heo6XOAHMO ga ce
HOnaHT oxOnH, ga ce npaBHT yTTinKBaHHH H T. H., 9OCTaT-LLIHO e
,Aa ce orpaHHLIHM C B bHnIHOTO O4)OpMHBaHe Ha no3HIAHHTa H ga ce
-IOCTaBHT 1-2 MaxeTa BOl4HHIIIKH r.IaBH.
MaKeT$Te Tp316Ba ga ce
nOCTaBHT TaKa, ?Ie ga MoraT
-Aa Ce BAKraT H noKa3BaT.
IIocraBHneTO naMaReTHTe 3a
nIOKa3BaHe cc npaBH B?bB BHA Ha
6yKBaTa II C npOH3BOJIeH pa3Mep,
BO C Tax'bB. pa3ireT, ire ga OcTa-
sax cKpHTH i 3ag ' 6pyCTBepa. Ha
JITbSKJIHBaTa n03HLIHH.
Kvm MaxeTHaTa:rnaBa oTro-
pe cc npnB7,p3aa Kaxarr, xoHTo
ce BRHBa B cKO6a,3a6HTa B rop-
HaTaa Hanpeiraa rpe,ga Ha nocTa-
BxaTa. Kagan &r TpH6Ba Aa mH-
Hasa npe3 2-3 npoc i maxapH
Ao ocxoBHaTa cxarrnepoBa n03H-
'IjHH. 3a' ga He ? MOHCe npx on'b-
Bane Ha xamana' maxermT ua,ce
BgHrHe noaene OT H3HcKBanaTa
BHCOgIHHa, xbm xaHarla cc 3a-
xpensa orpaHHVnTeeJI. npH oxny-
dare Ha xaxana'MaxeTnara rnaaa
ice CnyCKa Hajlony, noq AerrcrBH
?
1 , !CTO Ha co6cTBeuaTa Cn . Te icecr'
(pnc. 34). .
KaTO ocTaB1i CBOH HO-
lj
V
Puc. 34. YciaHOBxa 3a noxa3Bane ma-
xeT-rnaaa B 6or air . ara ma JI'bKC-
nnBa,cHar`rnepoBa nO3HL x?
MOHAHHK Ha OCHOBHaTa CHaH- -
nepoBa no3HqHH, pl,KOBO,~HTeJIBT c-b6Mpa BCHLIKH o6y?raBaliii
OKOJIO JIL)KJII3BaTa nO3HgHH H HM nOKa3Ba H o6HCHHBa Hel1lioTO
yCTpOI3CTBO.. Cne,i)( TOBa TOR oTBe)KJ(a rpynaza B parIOHa. iorOH3-
TouHO OT opHeHTHp 5 (r.i pHC. 33) rnpeJ; IIpeAHHH KpaH, IcB eTo
JAeMOHCTI)Hpa ,pa60TaTa Ha yCTaHOBKHTe c MaKeTHTe-rJIaBH, KaTO
.A'bpHKOBOAHTeJIHT pa3HCHHBa, Lie ciieA npHBe)KgaHe yCTaHOBKaTa
B gei3CTBHe,. HO 6e3 g a 3JIOynOTpe6HBa-r C Hey, CHai3nepHCTHTe npeA-
I33BHKBaT HpOTHBHHKOBHH OrbH ,cpeIL~y MHHMHTe CHai3IIepHCTH H
y0 TO3H HagHH,OTKPHBaT CHarrnepHCTHTe HJIH KapTeLIHHgI3Te Ha
1IpOTHBHHKa I3 rH VHHniO)KaBaT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
5-mu ytte6eu aanpoc. C-b CTaBHHe Ha CTpeJIK0BH
xapTHLIxH, H36HpaHe Ha opHeHTHpH H BO-
) eHe gHeBHHKa 3a Ha6JIIOAeHHe. IIpH OT6paHa
CxaIkuepoBaTa Z[Bo tHa KaTO HpaBHJIO CBcTaBH cTpeJIKOBa KapTIitiHa,
3a ga HMa rOTOBH H3XOAHH jjaHHH 3a BOgeHe Ha TotieH OT'bH.
IIpeRH ga ce C'bCTSBH cTpenxoBaTa KapTHUxa, Ha6eJIH3BIT CH
opHeHTHpH B CBOMTa noiioca 3a Ha6JnoJ;eHHe H O6CTpeJI, KaKTO H Ha
4)JIaHroBeTe I3.
P'LROBO) HTeJIHT 06HCHHBa, tie OpHeHTHP &T e Ao6pe BH}HJali
McCTeH upegMeT, Ha3HatreHHeTO Ha KOI3TO e ga o6JIeKUH 1 eJleyxa3-
BaHeTO H onpeJjeJIHHeTO pa3CTOHHHHTa go ueJIHTe upe3 BpeMe Ha
6oK. O6atie He BCeKH Ro6pe BH)HgaH npeAMeT Mo>Ke ga cJryBCH 3a.,
opHeHTHp. McCTHHHT HpegMeT, onpejje ieH 3a opHexTHp, Tp316Ba.
g a OTrOB iI Ha c.Ie)HHTe H314CxsaHHH:
- Ra ce Ha6JIIogaBa Ro6pe or cnoHTa no3HIXHH;
- ga 6BJZe pa3IOJIOHKeH Ha IISTHIIjaTa HJIH 6JIH3KO jjO BepOHT-
HOTO gBH>xeHHe H cTbcpegOTotIaBaxe Ha npoTHBHHxa;
- ga 6i ge TaxT.B, tie ga e HeBTb3MOIKHO (HJIH MHOrO TpyAHO)
ga ce yHHIuO>KH.
IIOCJIegHOTO H3HCKBaHe ce o6ycJIaB31 OT TOBa, tie npOTHBHHKT r
Iue yHHU OWKaBa Ro6pe BHJjHMHTe McCTHH npeRMeTH (OTJZeJIHHTe
JI,T,pBeTa, KTbIuH, KJIaJ;eHIM, KOnH ceHo); OCBeH TOBa MHOrO McCTHH
npeJ;MeTH JIeCHO MoraT ga 6%gaT.YHHn;o>KeHH He CaMO OT npOTHB-
HHKOBHH, HO H OT HamHM apTHJIepxI3cKH omT H. 3aTOBa no-go6pe e
3a opHeHTHpH ga ce H36HpaT BrJIH Ha HHBH, JIHBaJZH, rpaAHHH, H3-
mT RHaJIOCTH Ha rOpH, CxaTOBe HJIH BTapXOBe Ha BHCOtIHHH, MorHJIH,
KpaHHHTe traCTH Ha OBpa3HTe, brJIH Ha xpacTanauH H J;pyrH TaKHBa
npegMCTH HJIH peiie4)HH JjeTaI3JIH.
PBXOBOJJHTeJIHT npegOCTaBH Ha o6ytiaBaHHTe HHKOJTKO MHHyTH:
?3a H360P Ha opHeHTHpH. KaTO H3CJIyIIIa c ieJ; TOBa HMKOJIKO npeJj-
JIO>KeHHH KOH OT McCTHHTe IIpegMeTH ciieJ;Ba ga H36epaT 3a opHeH-
THpH, pTKOBOJjHTeJIHT OueHMBa TeXHHTe KatieCTBa H nocotIBa HeRo-
CTaTT,IIHTe. CJieg TOBa p bROBOJ;HTeJIHT o63IBHBa eAHHHH OpHeH-
THPH 3a BCHtIKH o6ytiaBaHH, nOHewe TOBa e HeO6XOJIHMO 3a CJIeJ1;Ba-
IIjOTO 3aHMTHe.
CJieg KaTO noKa>Ke o6pa3eI; OT CTpeJIKOBa KapTHtIKa, HanpaBeHa-
3a HarJieJ;HOOT no-roHMMa, p'bKOBOAHTeJIHT 06MCHMBa KaK ga ce
CSCTaBH. IIO-HaTaTLK p'bKOBOJ(HTeJTMT O6MCHHBa KaK TpH6Ba ga.
ce BOgH J;HeBHHKT,T 3a Ha6JnogeHHe. 3a ga npHBJIetie KbM npaKTH-
tiecKaTa pa6OTa BCHXIKH CHar%InepHCTH, pTrXOBOJ;HTeJIMT np0BexKHBH" n'b>KnHBaTa nO3HIIHfi noCTaBSI MaKeTH BOI4HHHIKH
rnaBH H on'bBa OT TFIX B"b>KeTa 1 bM OcxoBHaTa cnal3neposa no-
3HuHH.
CneA nOCTaBFIHeTO Ha BCHT4KH MHLHeHH pbKOBOJ.[HTeJISIT npO-
Be>KAa ABe-TpH TpeHHpOB'bT-1HH noKa3BaHHH H OTCTpaHHBa BCHTIKH
OTKpHTH HeAOCTaTBIAK.
3a 06o3HauaBane Ha BMbHHan ce upO'THBHHK pbKOBOAHTeJIHT
e Z(J b>KeH npC BapHTenHO Ha C'LoTBeTHHTe mecTa MexcAy rrbpBaTa
H BTOpaTa TpaHIIIeH ga npxrOTBH MHIIIeHH H ga HHCTpyKTHpa no-
xa3BaLIHTe.
AKO He e Wb3MO>KHO ga ce o6OpyABa C bOTBeTHaTa MHIueHHa
o6&TaHOBKa 3a o6o3HauaBaHe nexoTaTa Ha npOTHBHHKa,npOHHKHana
npe3 Hamm ripeAer xpaK, 5-FIT yue6eH B7inpoc cneABa ga ce pa3-
pa6oTH C HOMOII;Ta Ha BBOAHH 3a AeI3CTBHsITa Ha ,npOTHBHHKa".
KoHTpaaTaxaTa Ha Haulaza nexOTa TpF6Ba ga ce o6o3Hat3H c
AeACTBHSITa Ha 2-3 BoI3HHLLH.
B HaneuepHeTO Ha 3anxTHeTo pTbKOBOAHTenHT cb6Hpa o6yuaBa-
HHTe H pa3pa6OTBa C TFIX nOnO>KeHHSITa 3a AeIiCTBHFITa Ha ABoi KaTa
CHaI3nepHCTH B OT6paHa npn aTaKa Ha npOTHBHHK. IIpH TOBa CneABa
TeopeTHT3eCKH ga ce pa3FICHHT - H o60CHOBaT BCHTIKH BTnpOCH,
KOHTO ine ce pa3pa6OTFIT Ha 2-TO 3aHFITHe. PT HOBOAHTeJIAT 065IBFIBa,
me CHa4nepOBHTe ABOI3KH Me AeIiCTByBaT B C'buWHFI CbCTaB, HO
CTapuiH BsB Bcxxa ABOHxa me 6-bAe ApyrHIT CHaI3nepHCT.
CneA Tona pbKOBOgHTenFIT nponep5iBa rOToBHocTTa Ha MaTe-
pxanxaTa LIaCT H noMOUaHHTe maTepHann, a Taxa CbU O HanHiIHeTO
Ha xanoCHH naTporH, paxeTHHLtHTe c paxeTHTee, B3pnsHHTe na-
KeTH H BCnuKO OCTaxano, Heo6XOAHMO 3a npoBe>KAane Ha 3aHni-
THeTO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246A033900390001-3
Ta6nZEM 3a carnanrre 3a noHaasane Ha Aemwre B nepnoga Ha BacTbn-
neaHeTO H aTaxaTa Ha ,upoTHBHBBaIc
H. xoro a noAaAen
CHrH81rbT
Ha nOMOn(HHK-
p'bxoBogHTenH
Ha Boi3HHKa Ma-
pBHOB
Ha BoImnHxa
AHrenOB
Ha Bo IHHHa
MapHHOB
Ha BoimKKa
HB2HOB
Ha Bo#HHxa
MapHHOB
Ha BotHHxa
Anrenos
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MapHHOB
Ha BoAHHxa
HBaHOB
Ha BoHHHKa
AHrenoB
Ha BOHHHKa
HBaHOB
Ha Boil rnRa-
HBaH0B
LIepBeu (pnar Ha-
rope
Llepaeg 4 mar Ha-
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LiepseH H 6Rn
4)nar Harope
BRn cpsrar na-
ARCHo
LlepBeH H 6Hn
qnar HacxpaHa
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paKeTa
LlepBeH (,mar Ha-
ARCHO
Ho cmeaso mep-
Ben H 6Rn 4 mar
HaAony
Pa3MaxBaxe c
,qepseH H 6Hn 4nar
jja ce xBTpnHT B3pHBHH na-
xeTH npeA npeAHBR xpai3, 0603-
HaHasal3KH apTHnepHicxaTa IIOA-
rOTOBKa Ha IIpOTHBHHKa
jja noxa)Ke Asa-TpH nbTH Kap-
TeRHHI[aTa B TOLIKa 1
A a noxaHCe ABa n7,TH npoTH-
BOTaHR0BOTO op1yHe H CneA TpH
MHHYTH - Aga IrbTH HapTeQHH-
IjaTa
IIo cmeaxo Aa noxaxce ABa-
TpH rrbTH Ha6moAaTen H 6ernel(
BTonca1
IIo cmeHHO Aa noxa)IcLaBa, ue Te He
ca 3a6paBHJIH TaKTHLIecxaTa o6cTaHOBKa, a 'aKO CTaHe Hy3 < a, TOR
HM 51 HanOMHSI.
PbKOBO) HTeJI51T 065IcH5IBa, ue npeACT0311IjOTO 3aH5ITHe e npo-
RT,3ISKeHHe Ha npe9HIUHOTO, tie Ha MHHaJIOTO 3aH5ITHe CHaRriepHCTHTe
ca H3yMIHJIH AeACTBH51Ta n0 nOgrOTOBKaTa 3a OT6paHa, a cera HM
npejjCTOH ga pa3pa6oTHT npaKTHLIeCKH ZjeI4CTBH3ITa Ha CHaf3nepOBHTe
].[BOf3KH nPH npOTHBHHKOBaTa aTaKa. _
CJ1ejj TOBa PT,KOBOjjHTeJISIT o6RBSIBa ylie6HHTe BT,npOCH H gaBa
Heo6xogHMHTe yKa3aHH51 3a pea Ha npOBeAcgaH TO Ha 3aHS1-
THeTO, ciieg KOeTO P bHOBO AHTeJI51T npHCTTinBa KbM pa3pa6OTBaHe Ha
1-H5I yLIe6eH B1 npoc.
06ytIai3aHHTe Tp516Ba ga ce pa3nonaraT Ha c1,IInHTe MecTa, KI4 eTo
Ha I1?bPBOTO 3aHSITHe ca C-bCTaBSIJIH CTpeJIKOBHTe KapTHLIKH H ca
BOAHJIH J HeBHH11HTe 3a Ha6J1}o eHHe. ?
1-ou yue6ex BbnpOC. 31 e11CTBHSTa Ha cHai3ne-
pHCTHTe B nepHo j;a Ha ap THJIepHI3cxa noA-
T O T O B K a Ha n p O T H B H H K a. PLKOBOjjHTeJISIT O6$CHSIBa,
tie HMa yCJIOBHSI, npn KOHTO CHaI3nepOBaTa gBOf3Ka npe3 BpeMe Ha
apTHJIepH 1CKaTa noj[rOTOBKa Ha npOTHBHHKa e IjeJIec1 o6pa3HO ga ce
H3HeCe Ha npegHaTa CHai3nepOBa fO3HgH51. ?
PT,KOB0J HTeJISIT o6pi xx a BHHMaHHeTO Ha o6yTlaBaHHTe n0 pa3-
noJIOxceHHCTO Ha CHaiknepoBaTa ABo Ka npej; Ha1IIH51 npegeH Kpaf1
H,onpej;JIara ga csiejjsxT 3a j;eI CTBH5ITa A, cJIejj KoeTO t aBa CHTHaJI 3a
HatiaJIOTO Ha ,apTI3JIepHRcKaTa noj;rOTOBKa".
Ciiej[ n0SICHeHHeTO Ha pTlKOBORHTeJI51 ej;Ha j;BOIIKa OTHBa Ha
npeAHaTa r103HIXH51.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
B TeLiexne Ha 8-10 MHHYTH, onpeJjeneHH 3a noxa3Baxe JjelA-
cTBHHTa Ha JjBOIhKaTa cxaI3nepHCTH npe3 BpeMe Ha apTHnepHIicxaTa
nOJjrOTOBKa Ha npOTHBHHKa, pT,KOBOJjHTen5IT noKa3Ba HSIKOJIKO
IjenH, KOHTO ce ,YHHigo>HaBaT" C orbH OT CHaAnepHCTHTe OT Iipen-
HaTa no3HInHnI''.
Cneg H3THLiaHe Ha BpeMeTO, nOCoiieHo OT pT,KOBO,i[HTensI, AMR-
ma CHaI3nepHCTH ce OTTernx CxpHTO B paanOJIO>KeHHeTO Ha B3BOJja.
Cneg TOBa o6ytxaBaHHTe Ce TpeHnpaT 3a JjeI3CTBHSI B nepHOg Ha
apTHnepHilcxa noJjrOTOBKa Ha npOTHBHHKa.
2-pu yue6eu eanpoc. O T K P H B a H e H Y H H H; o w a B a-
He npOTHBHHHOBHTe Ha6nm aTeJIH, 04IH-
LjepH H CHarinepHCTH H gpyrH BaHCHH ijeMH.
Cneg OTTerJISIHeTP Ha RBOHKaTa cnal3nepHCTH OT npegHaTa
nO3HIjH5I p'bKOBOJjHTCJ ffT npeMHHaBa KTM pa3pa6OTBaHe Ha 2-H51
yue6eH B-bnpOC, 3anOB3IJjBai3KH Ha BCHiIKH o6ytiaBaHH ga Ha6JnoJ.[a-
BaT 3a ?npOTHBHHKa" H ga (5T,J;aT rOTOBH 3a yHHIIjoHxasaxe Ha
HerOBHTe Ha6n}O,ijaTeJIH, 04)HLjepH, CHaknepHCTH, CBp b3HH H J.jpyrH
Ba}KHH i;eJIH.
CHaknepoBHTe J[BOI3KH 3aeMaT CBOHTe n03HL HH - OCHOBHH H
3anacHH.
AO OTHBaHeTO Ha npOTHBHHxa xT,M py6e)xa Ha aTaxaTa CHaI3ne-
pHcTHTe-Ha6ro,LjaTenn goxnagBaT 3a IOHBSIBaH TO Ha ijeJIHTe,
a CHal3nepHCTHTe-H3Tpe6HTenH BO93IT c XJIOCHH naTpoHH orbH 110
OTK HTHTe I.jeJIH.
PI,KOBOJjHTen$IT H HerOBHSIT f0MOII1HHK, KaTO pa3JJIHT no-
McxcJjy CH paHOHa 3a OT6paHa n0 HOHTp0JIa pa6OTaTa Ha o6yxiaBaHHTe,
cneJjHT 3a TOLIHOCTTa H CBOeBpeMeHHOCTTa Ha JjOHJI HTe Ha CHaA-
nepHCTHTe-Ha6JIIo aTeJIH 3a nOSIBHBaHeTO Ha LjeJIHTe H 3a pa(5oTaTa
Ha CHaiinepHCTHTe-H3Tpe6HTeJIH nO ,YHHnjo)KaBaHeTO" Ha OTKpH-
THTe LjeJIH.
B xo,z a Ha HaCTmnneHHeTO Ha npOTHBHHKa pvx0B09HTeJISIT
HanOMHSI Ha 06yliaBaHHTe, pa3nOJI0)-eHH Ha OCHOBHaTa CHalinepOBa
fO3HIjH3I, 3a Heo6XOJjHMOCTTa ga npHBegaT B JjeIiCTBHe (,, a ce
CT,)xHBH") JIT,HCJIHBaTa n03HgHSI.
3-mu yue6eu eanpoc. IIpeMHHaBaHe OT OCHOB-
HaTa cHaI3nep o B a n03HIIHH Ha 3anac HaTa.
IIpH 3anousaHe pa3pa6oTxaTa Ha 3-HSx ytie6eH BLnpoc pbxoBOJjH-
TenSIT XBT,pJUJ 2-3 B3pHBHH naKeTa Ha6nH30 Jj0 OCHOBHaTa CHai3ne-
posa n03HIjHSI. TOBa iije o3Ha'Iasa, Lie npOTHBHHKT T e OTKpHJI
CHai3nepHcTHTe H BOAR nO TSIX OTT,H C MHHOMeTH. CHal3nepHCTHTe ca
AJIT,)WHM ga npeMHHaT Ha 3anaCHaTa CHaI3nepOBa n03HIjHSI. EJjHO-
1 TaIcHsa iienH HxMa Ha pnc. 33. Tpx6aa ga HMa 2-3 ixeiH Ha pa3CTO-
mine 300-400 M OT irpeRHaTa ci al`Ineposa no3HuHx.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
BpeMeHHO C TOBa? nOMOIIXHHK-p'bKOBOJI,HTeJ1HT XBT>pJIA B3pHBHIi
naKeTH OKOJIO 3anacHaTa CHaihiepOBa n03HI.1HH, IIpHHy3Ki;aBai KH
gBOr3KaTa CHaRnepHCTH, 3aeMaIIja A, Ra IIpeMHHe Ha OCHOBHaTa no-
3III]IHH. no TaK-bB HagHH gBe cHaI3nepOBH gBORKH CH CMCHAT McCTaTa.
OTLIHTaRKH, Lie e HeB b3MO>KHO C BCHLIKH o6yLIaBaHH npaKTHHecKH
Ra ce pa3pa6oTH npeMHHaBaHeTO OT eAHa Ha lZpyra n03HI[H., pTiKO-
BOAHTeJIAT o6p & ua BHHMaHne Ha o6yTIaBaHHTe 3a Heo6XOAHMOCTTa
CBoeBpeMeHHO g a I33BbpIIIaT TOBa npeMHHaBaHe H npaBH of eHKa
Ha geACTBH51Ta Ha ABeTe CHar3nepOBH gBOAKH, KOHTO ca rO Hanpa-
BHJIH npaKTHL1ecKH.
PBIKaBSHe B HaR-
KpaTBK CpOK Ha KOJIKOTO C B b3MO>KHO no-roJIHM 6porl >KHBa cIIJIa
H orHeBH npOTHBHHKOBH CpeACTBa H3HCKBa or'bHSIT Ra ce BOAH H
OT ABaMaTa CHaAnepHCTH (cHaRuepHCTa-H3Tpe6HTeJI H CHaI3nepI3CTa-
Ha6Jnoj aTenn).
HaRaHeTO Ha MHIHeHHTe, 0603Hat1aBan;H mxyBan;HSI npOTHB
HHK, nOKa3Ba geiCTBHTeJIHOCTTa H MOIATa Ha CHaHnepcHH51 OrbH.
C BBOJ{HaTa, Lie ,npOTHBHHKST" e npO6HJI HanIHH npegeH Kpai3
H ce BKJIHHABa B JPDJI6OgHHaTa Ha OT6paHaTa, p7bKOBOAHTeJ 5IT-
3aBl,pUIBa pa3pa6OTBaHeTO Ha 3-HH ytie6eH B7bnpOC H npeMHHaBa
KLM OTpa6OTBaxe Ha 4-H3i yue6eH Bbnpoc.
4-mu yue6ex esnpoc. YHHII;O>KaBaHe np0THBHH
H 0 B a T a nex0Ta, npoM -b K HaJIa ce B A ba60--
g H H a T a H a O T 6 p a H a T a. IIpaBHJIIO ce HBABa peuieHHeTO
Ha cxaAnepHCTHTe, 3aeMan(H ocnosxaTa II03HIAH51 npe3 BpeMe Ha
6051 C npOTHBHHKa, npOMTMKHaJI ce B g'bJ16otIHHaTa Ha Hamm:
OT6paHa, npeMHHaBaHeTO HM Ha 3anaCHaTa r103HI;HA.
rlpH 60RHa o6CTaHOBKa BLB B3BOAa LI a HMa He noBeue OT eAHa
cHaAnepoBa gBOAKa H npe3 BpeMeTO, KOraTO TA ce HaMHpa Ha.
OCHOBHaTa n03HI;HH, 3anacHaTa n;e 6'b a CBo6oAHa.
B yCJIOBHe Ha o6yLieHHe BCHLIKH n03HAHH n1e ce 3aeMaT egHOBpe--
MCHHO, HOHewe CHaAnepOBHTe ABORKH ca noBeLie OT no3HI.LHHTe.
3aTOBa npeAH pa3pa60TBaHe Ha 4-HA ytle6eH BTinpOC p'bKOBOJZH-
TeJIAT Tpi6Ba Aa ocB060jjH 3anacHaTa IIO3HIIHH.
EAHa-J[Be cHainepOBH J>;BORKH ce pa3nonaraT na TaKHBa MecTa,
KOHTO II;e HM n03BOJIAT g a yHHmO>KaBaT npOTHBHHKa CTTC CTpeJ16a-
B'bB 4 JJaHr H THJI, KOraTO TOR ce npeABH>KBa B AT JI6OLIIIHaTa Ha.
HamaTa OT6paHa.
? CJIejj npeMHHaBaxeTO Ha cHaiinepoBaTa ABORKa OT OCHOBHaTa
TO3HI[HH Ha 3anacxaTa H 3aemaneTO OT e, Ha-ABe CHaAnepOBH J[BORKH
171
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/01/22 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO33900390001-3
.InCCTaTa 3a BOAeHC Ha orbH pTbKOBOAHTenST C ,I(oIITnJIHHTeneH CHrHan
npeAH3BHKBa noxa3Baxe Ha HHKOJIKO MHIneHH Me>KAy MbpBaTa H
BTOpaTa TpaHIne3i, O6O3HagaBail ii npOMTiKHan ce HpOTHBHHK.
IIOMOuAHHK-p'bKOBOAHTeJuiT nOKa3Ba Ta3H i en, 3a KOSITO gen npH-
BnHLIa ABaMa-TpHMa o6yLIaBaHH.
B xo a Ha ?yHHn90>Kai3aHeTO" OT CTpaHa Ha CHaI31IepOBHTe
.ABOAKH Ha BKJIHHHJIHSI ce ,,HpOTHBHHI