(SANITIZED)1. MILITARY UNITS IN HUNGARY 2. ALLEGED NEW SOVIET EQUIPMENT 3. THE HUNGARIAN UPRISING(SANITIZED)
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP80T00246A032600150001-3
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
14
Document Creation Date:
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date:
April 7, 2010
Sequence Number:
1
Case Number:
Publication Date:
February 7, 1957
Content Type:
REPORT
File:
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Body:
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510=111,031 =er
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of,., the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
"OCESSING COPY
COUNTRY Hungary
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
1. Military Units in Hungary
20 Alleged New Soviet Equipment
3. The Hungarian Uprising
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_25X1
REPORTI
DATE DISTR. 7 February 1957 25X1
NO. PAGES
REQUIREMENT
NO.
Information is given,
STATE X ARMY X NAVY X AIR IFBI AEC
LI
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on the following: (1) The Hunyadi J os Advanced Infantry Officers' School,
including manpower, training areas, equipment and curriculum. (2) Additional
military units including (where known) locations and personal-
itieso (3) Unidentified new Soviet equipment (tanks, artillery weapons and
armored personnel carriers). (/) Events during the Hungarian uprising, and
(5) A new Hungarian militia.
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Hungary
Hungarian OB (Prior to November 1956)
b. The school was subordinate to the Battle Training and Physical
Education Group Directorate of the Ministry of Defense Honvddelmi
Miniszterium Harckikdpzcfsi es Testnevel4si Csoport Fdn6ksg in
Budapesto
c. The actual strength of the school was as follows: 140 students,
ranking from Lieutenant to Major; a staff of 51 officers including
instructors and administrative personnel; 96 or 98 civilian employees
such as mess and supply personnel, drivers, and mechanics; a guard
detachment of 62 enlisted men; and a school band consisting of 16
enlisted men. the total of 140 students included 25X1
25 AVH officers, both Internal Security and Border Police.
d. The school was located at Tataba'nya and identified by a sign over
the entrance which read the same as a. above. There was no street
address.
e. The training areas used by the school were a firing range located
at Tarjan (N 47-36, E 18-30), approximately 14 kilometers from
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Tatabanya; and, for field problems, the terrain surrounding Tatabanya. 25X1
g. The Commanding Officer of the school was Colonel Jozsef Toth,
Infantry. He graduated from the Soviet Frunze Academy in 1953 after
a three-year course.
h. The school had the following major items of equipment:
(1) 8 3-ton Csepel trucks used for transportation of personnel9 Four
were diesel and four were gasoline-powered.
(2) 1 "Iks.rusz" conventional bus (diesel)
(`3) 1 Csepel ambulance (gasoline)
(4) 1 "Puch" (?) motorcycle, 150 cubic centimeters
(5) 1 Soviet 57 mm AT Gun, M 1943
(6) 3 Soviet 82 mm mortars
(7) 4 Soviet 7.62 mm HMG, 1910, "Maxim"
(8) 24 or 26 Soviet 7.62 mm SMG, PPSh-41
(9) 8 Soviet 7.62 mm L-.MG, Model DP
(10) 189 or 190 Soviet 7.62 mm rifles, M 1891/30, Mossin - Nagant
(11) 90 7.62 mm semi-automatic pistols, TT M 1933, "Tokarev"
i. The school's training course lasted 102 months and the students
graduated as Infantry company and battalion commanding officers. The
curriculum included advanced infantry officer training in theoretical
and practical subjects and a brief study of the characteristics of
the following branches: Artillery, Armor, Engineers, Signal, end
Chemical Warfare. The training in the other branches included such
information as would be needed by the Infantry commanding officers
in combined tactical operations.
information about other units*
a. The 9th Rifle Corps in Budapest was deactivated in September 1956
and a new unit organized, the first of its kind in Hungary. It was
designated the 4th Army and had its headquarters in Budapest.
it was possible that the activation of this unit was a result o-
an overall plan for the organization armies according to the terms
of the Warsaw Pact. The 4th Army was the administrative and tactical
headquarters of the two corps in Hungary, the 6th Rifle Corps and
the 3rd Mechanized Corps, and it was directly subordinate to the
Ministry of Defense. Its Commanding Officer was Brigadier General
Uszta (fnu), Armored Branch. He attended the Voroshilov Academy in
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the USSR for two years, graduating in 1956. Colonel`Aratd (fnu),
Infantry, was Political Deputy and second in command. The Training
Officer was Brigadier General Imre Kovacs, Infantry, who was graduated
from the Frunze Academy in 1954. The Atomic Warfare and Chief
Chemical Warfare Officer was Captain Sd's, (fnu), Chemical Warfare-Service,,
b. The 6th Rifle Corps, subordinate to the 4th Army, had its headquarters
in Szekesfeherv r. This corps was composed of three rifle divisions
and other attached units
Its Commanding Officer was Brigadier Genera Mikes nu , n an ry,
a graduate of the Frunze Academy in 1954. Chief of Staff was Colonel
B4`La Kemendy, Infantry, a Frunze Academy graduate in 1955.
The corps had the following divisions* (1) 17th Rifle Division,
located in Kaposvgr (N 46-21, E 17-47), commanded by Colonel Matics
(fnu). The Chief of Staff was Major Pal Szaraz. (2) An unidenti-
fied rifle division in Papa (N 47-20, E 17-28) commanded by Colonel
Ferenc Moor, Infantry. The Political Deputy was Major Bokor (fnu),
Infantry, and the Chief of Staff was Major Jozsef Safar, Infantry.
(3) 9th Rifle Division in Keszthely (N 46-46, E 17-15), commanded by
Lieutenant Colonel Lajos Fejes, Infantry. The Political Deputy was
Major Albert Tatrai, Infantry, and Chief of Staff was Losoncy (fnu),
Infantry.
The following units were
part of the 9th Rifle Divi.rinn5
(1) 38th Rifle Regiment, located in Tapolca (N 46-53, E 17-26,
commanded by.Major Gucsi (fnu), Infantry.
(2) 33rd Rifle Regiment in Zalaegerszeg (N 46-50, E 16-51), commanded
by Major Zoltan Borka, Infantry.
(3) 32nd Rifle Regiment in Lenti (N 46-36, E 16-32), commanded by
Lieutenant Colonel Racz (fnu), Infantry.
(4) 27th Armored Regiment in Tapolca (N 46-53, E 17-26), commanded
by Major Revesz (fnu), Armor. This was equipped with T-34 Soviet
tanks and was an "A" type unit.
(5) 32nd Artillery Regiment in Zalaegerszeg, commanded by Captain
Toth (fnu), Artillery. This unit had 122 mm howitzers and was
of "A" type.
(6) 31st Artillery Regiment in Marcali (N 46-35, E 17-25)-
This unit was "B"
type. The 1st and 2nd Battalions each were equipped with
24 122 mm mortars; the 3rd Battalion had 120 mm mortars.
(7) 58th AT Artillery Battalion Oszta'l ) with 76 mm AT guns and
commanded by Senior Lieutenant La'szld Albert, Artillery. The
battalion had 24 guns.
(8) 18th AA Artillery Battalion Oszt#I ) with 36 85 mm Soviet AA
guns, commanded by Captain Teleki fnu), Artillery.
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(9) 68th Engineer Battalion (unknown type), commanded by Major
Varga, (fnu), Engineers.
(10) Unidentified Reconnaissance Company in Keszthely, commanded
by Senior Lieutenant Ktrtesz (fnu), Reconnaissance.
(11) Unidentified Signal Battalion in Keszthely, commanded by'Captain
Belly (fnu). This battalion had one telephone, one radio, and
one Signal Center Training Company.
c. The other corps (see a. above), the 3rd Mechanized Corps, which was
also subordinate to the 4th Army Headquarters in Budapest, was
commanded by Brigadier General Gyurko (fnu), Infantry, who
had formerly served with an airborne unit. The Political
Deputy was Lieutenant Colonel Kiss (fnu), Infantry, and the Chief
of Staff was Brigadier General Hazi (fnu), branch unknown, but
e had been the Hungarian Air Force Commanding Officer
at one time. The corps headquarters was located in an unknown
caserne in Kecskemet.
the 3rd Mechanized Corps consisted of pre-
dominantly "A" type units. this
corps was composed of four rifle divisions which were located as
follows:
(1) Unidentified rifle division in Kalocsa, commanded by Major
Ungvdri (fnu), Infantry, a`graduate of the Frunze Academy in
1955. The Chief of Staff was Lieutenant Colonel Altari (fnu),
Infantry. Allegedly, this division was scheduled for deacti-
vation some time in 1956.
(2) 8th Rifle Division in Bdkdscsaba, commanded by Lieutenant
Colonel Istvdn T6th, Infantry. The Political Deputy was Major
Kuruc (fnu), Infantry, and the Chief of Staff was Lieutenant
Colonel J6zsef Ka'= ly, Infantry.
(3) Unidentified rifle division in Kecskemet, commanded by Colonel
Kadar (fnu).
(4) Unidentified rifle division in KiskLfelegyhaza (N 46-43, E 19-51),
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Bakonyi fnu , Infantry, a
graduate of the Frunze Academy in 1955. this
division had the following unidentified components, Rifle
Regiment in Szeged, Rifle Regiment in Kiskunhalas (N 46-26,
E 19-29), Rifle Regiment in Kiskunm ,sa (N 46-29, E 19-44), and
Artillery Regiment in Kiskunfelegyhazao
there was an unidentified Assault Artillery
Division located in Cegled which was directly subordinate to the
4th Army in ':Budapest. The Commanding Officer of this division was
Lieutenant Colonel Csehi (fnu), Artillery, and the Chief of Staff
was Captain Cirankd (fnu), Artillery. The division was equipped with
72 122 mm and 72 152 mm Soviet guns of an unknown type*
it also had 36 120 mm mortars.
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(1) Unidentified Armored Division in Esztergom, commanded by
Lieutenant Colonel Mecseri (fnu), Armor.
(2) 5th Armored Division in Gyongyos (N 47-47, E 19-56).
(3) Unidentified Armored Officers' Candidate School in Tata
(N 47-39, E 18-19), commanded by Colonel Lazar (fnu).
(4) Unidentified AAA Division in Miskolc (N 48-06, E 20-47),
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Zomborl (fnu), AA Artillery.
This division was subordinate to OLLEP (National Air Force
and Air Defense Headquarters) in Budapest,
(5) Unidentified Chemical Battalion in Kistarcsa (N 47-32, E 19-16),
which was a training unit. It was directly
subordinate to the Ministry of Defense,
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(6) Unidentified Chemical Battalion in Tab (N 46-43, E 18-02)
which was directly subordinate to the 4th Army in Budapest.
In 1954 this unit had sent a team to the Hunyadi JSnos Advanced
Infantry Officers' School where they had demonstrated simulated
decontamination of men and equipment. This battalion was an
operational unit.
(7) 48th Independent Rifle Regiment, located in Debrecen N 47-31,
E 21-39), and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Csorba (fnu).
This regiment was directly subordinate to the 9th Rifle Corps
in Debrecen until the end of 1953, at which time it was moved
to Budapest and was deactivated in September 1956.
(8) 52nd Independent Mechanized Rifle Regiment in Nyiregyhdza
(N 47-58, E 21-43)9 commanded by Major Hubicska (fnu), Infantry,
and subordinate to the 9th Rifle Corps during the unit's
existence. (See 2-a. above.)
(9) Unidentified Miner Brigade consisting of about six battalions,
each independent, with a total strength of about 9,000 men.
The personnel were scattered through the coal region in the
vicinity of Tata, Pecs, and Miskolc. The Commanding Officer
of this unit was Colonel Maleter (fnu), Infantry. This unit's
enlisted men were those who desired to perform their obligatory
service in coal mines and who had received only basic training.
In addition to their regular pay, they received an additional
300 forints per month. Their training consisted usually of
drills which took place about two hours per week. Some of the
officers of this unit were drawn from the lst Independent Horse
Cavalry Division at Nyregyhaza. these
were the last horse-mounted units in the Hungarian Army and
when the regiment was deactivated, most of the enlisted men
and about 75 percent of the officers were demobilized. The 25X1
remaining officers formed the officer cadre of the Miner Brigade.
Unidentified
(10) arachute Regiment in Kaposvar (N 46-21, E57-A7)
this unit was deactivated in 1954 and~the personnel were
incorporated into unknown rifle units in Szekesfeh6rvar,
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Soviet OB (Prior to November 1956)
3,
ni a :fi
Prior to the Hungarian uprising the following
Sovietounitd w6r6' looated.? at the .l6calitles. listed below.
a. An Armored "Brigade" some place between Koszeg and Szombathely
which was rumored to have about 180 T-34 tanks.
b. Uniddntified Armored Unit armed with T-34 tanks in Kormend (N 47-01,
E 16-36).
c. Unidentified Armored Corps Headquarters and two unidentified
Mechanized Regiments in Szekesfshervaro
d. Soviet Air Division with unknown type of MIG planes in Veszprem
(N 47-05, E 17-54).
e, Soviet Armored Division in Cegled.
f. Soviet Mortar Regiment with 120 mm mortars in NagykSros (N 47-02,
E 19-46).
g, Soviet Corps Headquarters in Kecskemet,
h. Soviet Air Division, with an unknown type of planes in Papa.
i. Armored Regiment in Gyor (N 47-41, E 17-38)-
j. Soviet Air Division equipped with an unknown type of MIG plane in
Debrecen.
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New Soviet Equipment
4. 25X1
There were about 300
Hungarian officers present, most of whom ranged in rank from Major
through Brigadier General. The weapons were displayed in the yard of
the installations
amphibious T-34 tank with a boat-like attachment at the bottom.
b. An artillery piece which he described as an 85 mm gun with single
baffle muzzle brake. The gun had two rubber wheels in the front
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and one smaller, (65 to 70 cm) rubber wheel in the
rear of the gun was a small diesel engine.
the speed with which the gun could be
kilometers per'hour to 20 kilometers per
towed by truck. It had a six-man crew,
hour, and
the gun was in firing position, the rear wee cou
side position.
c. An unidentified he
122 mm or 152 mm.
avy tank.
it was shaped like 'a ur
ranged from four
e moved up in a
estimated the gun.of..the tank'to be
the tank had a muzzle brake and that
d. A T-34 85mm tank.l Inot see any difference in appearance
between this tank and the regular T-34 tank until the tank was driven over
uneven slabs of concrete,at which time he observed that the gun main-
tained a horizontal position even though the tank pitched and rolled.
This indicated some unknown type of mechanism which stabilized
the gun.
e. A four-barreled AAA gun, the caliber
37 mm. The gun was installed in the bed of an
It had g six-man crew*
estimated as
armored personnel carrier.
f. An armored personnel carrier which resembled a light SP gun.
estimated the vehicle had 6 mm armor and it had six wheels.
vehicle was open on top and the entrance hatch was in the rear.
g. A 100 mm AT weapon which consisted of a straight tube about two meters 25X1
long which rested on a detachable tripod. The weapon had a crew of
four.
Atomic Warfare Training
he following information about atomic warfare training:
4 military handbook called Handbook on Atomic Defense
Atomvedelmi Kezikon ). It was a gray book consisting of 150 to 160
pages. there were about eight pages dealing with chemistry
and physics and the rest of the book dealt with the practical aspects
of atomic defense. The text contained many illustrations.
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in 1954 all officers of the Hungarian Army were required
to read this book and to take a test afterwards. (See 1. e. (6) above.)
b. According to Hungarian Army teaching, a medium atomic bomb had an
effective range of about 1500 meters against unprotected individuals; 25X1
the bomb was effective only at 800 meters if soldiers used foxholes.
Biological Warfare
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in the summer of 1956
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there were unspecified top-secret experiments with biological
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warfare at this Institute.
to talk further on this subject,
Events in Hungary in October - November 1956
the captain was afraid
a. On 23 or 24 October 1956, Lieutenant Colonel Mecseri (fnu), Armored,
the Commanding Officer of an unidentified Armored Division in Esztergom
(N 47-479 E 18-45), ordered his troops to fire at people demonstrating
in the streets of Esztergom. As a result, 18 people were killed,
Colonel Mecseri allegedly had received his orders from the Ministry
of Defense in Budapest. this
division, after firing on the Hungarian people, changed sides because
its members refused to follow any further firing orders. The Communist
officers left the unit, and other officers organized it to fight with
the insurgents. this was the only incident
when Hungarian A =rny troops sire on e insurgents.
b. The personnel of the unidentified Armored Officers' Candidate School
in Tata, commanded by Colonel Lazar (fnu), were also ordered by its
Commanding Officer to fight against the insurgents but all refused
to do so. They had been transferred to Budapest on 23 October.
Following this refusal, Colonel Lazar was transferred to the Ministry
of Defense, relinquishing his command to Major Janos Zakocs who
organized the members of the school to fight against the Soviets and
the AVH troops in Budapest.
revolution and the personnel had gone home but that on 8 November all
such people were ordered back to their units.
many units had broken up at the beginning of the
In addition to the 18
Hungarians killed in Esztergom, another incident when
a larger number of insurgents lost their lives. On 23 October a
large number of Hungarian youths was assembled in Tatabanya by an
AVH lieutenant who claimed to be a freed political prisoner. The
lieutenant told the group that he would take them to Budapest where
they would fight against the Soviets. Twelve buses were confiscated
and fully loaded, and the group departed for Budapest. When they
arrived at Bicske (N 47-29, E 18-38), near Budapest, the lieutenant,
who was leading the convoy in a Pobeda passenger car, sped up inside
the city and immediately following this, MG fire opened up at the
buses from all sides. The youths in ten of the buses were massacred.
The last two buses were able to turn around and make their way back
to Tatabinya. the AVH lieutenant
had planned this incident and made advance arrangements with AVH
troops near Budapest.
requested the newly formed city revolutionary council to issue an
on 24 October 19569 the Commanding Officer of the Soviet troops
in Gyor
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an order not to molest the Soviets and their dependents in Gy6r,
promising in return that the Soviet troops under his command would
not fight against the Hungarians. this garrison
kept its promise until 4 November at which time they initiated an
attack and took over the city. However, by 4
November the garrison had been increased with Soviet troops newly
arrived from the USSR.
f. On 23 October 1956 a standard order from the Ministry of Defense was
telephoned to all Hungarian military installations that the installa-
tions must be defended at all costs against any insurgent elements.
The areas where political prisoners wer interned were to be secured
and civilians considered reliable (Communists) were to be armed. The
order further stated that all "Fascists" were to be liquidated as
quickly as Possible. the temporary Commanding
Officer organized the defense in accordance
with these instructions and ordered three HMG's placed at each entrance
to the installation. These were manned by students. The guard de-
tachment of the school was posted around the installation and armed
with Soviet SMG's PPSh-41. At each HMG position source placed one
view to be non-Communist. He issued orders
only in the event a red flare was observed.
e and stated that he would not have ordered
rgents if they had attacked the installation.
g. Also on 23 October 1956 another order was received from the Ministry
of Defense that all vehicles coming from the direction of Budapest
were to be searched for weapons and if any were found, the passengers
were to be turned over to the nearest AVH contingent.
h. On 26 October 1956 unit received copies of orders from the
Ministry of Defense, signed by Colonel Mal4ter, as a Deputy Minister
of Defense, directing the members of the unidentified Miner Brigade,
who were under Colonel Male'ter's command, to resume their work in
the mines.
i. Also on 26 October orders signed by Major General Karoly Janza, the
new Minister of Defense, were received stating that all Hungarian
military units were (1) to change their uniform insignia, (2) to
organize a national militia, and (3) to liquidate the AVH.
j. On 26 October 1956 the Commanding Officer of the AVH in Tatabanya
came t and told that he was on the side of the
insurgents and wanted to take charge of the installation.
the man arrested and sent to the local AVH office where he was placed
under house arrest. On this same date the enlisted men of the AVH
detachment in Tatabanya and an unknown number of their officers armed
themselves and left the city for the surrounding woods where they
intended to defend themselves. On 1 and 2 November 1956 most of
these men returned to the city and gave themselves up. They were
disarmed and arrested. The Tatabanya revolutionary council decided
that the AVH members would be tried through regular courts at a
later date.
New Hungarian Militia
k. In accordance with the orders from the Ministry of Defense,
organized a group of 300 to 330 men consisting of civilians who were
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former soldiers and not Communists. placed in command a
popular young miner, Victor Szabo, ommissioned a captain.
Another miner, D6v6nyi (fnu),
had two Maxim EKG's and an unknown number of Soviet LMG's.
who was a reserve officer, was placed second in command and commissioned
a senior lieutenant. On 4 November 1956, when the Soviets attacked
throughout HungaryL:::::::]:)rdered the militia to retreat from the
city and to take up positions in the Turul hills. A group of about
200 civilians joined the militia and retreated to the hills. The
group took with them about 200 liters of gasoline, four truckloads
of small-arms ammunition and hand grenades. They were armed only
with light weapons such as Soviet rifles and SMG's PPSh-41. They also
all the weapons and ammunition had been confiscated from
able at the school.
supplies for the militia.
the AVH and that he turned over all the weapons and ammunition avail-
Mass Discharges from the Military Service
1.Oheard of no formal di. harges from the military service during
the revolution. the last regular discharges were
normal ones in the early days of October 1956.
Reinforcement of Soviet Military Forces
Zahony (N 48-24, E 22-11).
of Soviets had crossed over into Hungary from the USSR by way of
lon 2 November large infantry contingents
on 4 November Soviet armored troops wit about 140 tanks had
entered Hungary from the CSR by way of Komarom (N 47-45, E 18e-06).
1. I (Comment: "A" and "B" types of units are designations used in the
Hungarian Army to indicate battle readiness. An "A" type
unit was considered up to full strength in men and equip-
ment; the "B" type unit was one either in the training
stage with insufficient equipment, or a unit which could
mote ;paw +d,(teatJoa11lst3L tife 13attyewgrthT&eas`_P o.fi'ciency c.
1Te.q, , 'arcer_ta.L,M6gall i :td V.izgga:.;,
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CORRECTION
In paragraph 3k of PSD/1273 the parachute regiment at
Kaposvar listed as a Soviet unit is in fact a Hungarian
unite It is listed correctly in paragraph le (10).
COUNTRY: Hungary
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