UKRAINIAN JEWISH RELATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200190016-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 27, 2010
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: July 11, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 11751
J'The whole power over the subject of re- ligious~~sect-i.e., a "church," but also of amendment which enjoyed President Grant's
ligion is left (by the amendment) exclusively any particular '`religion"-Le., as Virginia did full endorsement, nor any of the 10 others
to the State governments to be acted upon "the Christian religion." ' proposed at that time on the matter of State-
according to their own sense of justice and Second, Brennan thought that even church connections was approved; but the
the State constitutions; and the Catholic and though Jefferson and Madison might be fact they were proposed and earnestly de-
the Protestant, the Calvinist and the Arme- shown to favor public school prayers, the bated by the 14th's contemporaries surely
nian, the Jew and the infidel may sit down at "more fruitful inquiry is whether (the pray- eliminates the possibility that the 14th was
the common table of the national councils ers) tend to promote the type of interde- understood to have covered these matters.
without any inquisition into their faith or pendence between religion and state which And how has the Supreme Court, as Jus-
mode of worship." the first amendment was designed to pre- tice Clark put it, "decisively settled" this
Turning to "an establishment of religion," vent." We may stop the Justice there: ob- issue to the contrary? It happened in the
there is not the slightest doubt the phrase viously the "fruitfulness" of the approach is Everson and McCollum cases, and it hap-
was a term of art in the 18th century, used that it assumes the answer to the very ques- pened without a single word of argument.
often by Madison, Jefferson, and other pout- tion under discussion-namely what it is the
teal commentators to signify-and never to. first amendment was designed to prevent. S AND MYTH
signify anything else, unless the context And Brennan's third point that bears Such, then, are are the dimensions of the Su-
clearly indicated otherwise-a preference of here: "Education, as the framers knew it," preme Court's aggression in this field. For
one religion over, another. Extended docu- he said, "was in the main confined to pri- 16 years the Court-and we may well speak
mentation here is simply uneconomic. We vate schools," and that is why "they gave no bluntly-has perpetrated a fraud on the
may note, as one of a hundred proofs avail- distinct consideration to * ? t devotional American community. It is a fraud because
able, the Encyclopedia Britannica's explana- exercises in public institutions." Very well; the community has by and large assumed,
tion that the phrase "denotes any special but Brennan and the rest of the justices and has had the right to assume, that its
connection with the State, or privileges and simply must get it through their heads that highest courts have been following accepted
responsibilities before the law, possessed by the failure of constitution makers to deal rules of constitutional construction, and
one religious society to the exclusion of with a given subject Is not a reason for that therefore the controversy that has
others; in a word, establishment is of the courts' incorporating that subject into the swirled around its conclusions is a typical
nature of a monopoly." Constitution, but against their doing so. product of "disagreements among lawyers."
is this clear, has the Supreme Court Vman- We may turn now to the majority's other and power that has been endorsed by what
is to advance and maintain. an utterly proposition, the claim that the establish- appears-but I think only appears-to be a
ntrary position? Has the Court relied on ment clause was made binding on the States majority of the community's articulate mem-
-cont substantial Has of evCourt wed on by the 14th amendment. Mercifully, the in- bers: the myth, namely, that "the Constitu-idence -omitted? The answer Is, no; none that bears quirt' need not be extensive. We have no Lion means what the Supreme Court says
son the. problem. From Everson and McCol- need to examine the general relationship of it means"-the idea that no other public
Rum down to the Engel case in 1902 (the the Bill of Rights to the 14th amendment, a authority is constitutionally entitled to join
Bast time it deigned to discuss history) , the question that involves many considerations the Court in interpreting the Nation's
'Court has reached its secularist verdicts by- and would take us through nearly 40 years charter document. This is not the place to
s) discussing the religious persecutions in of Supreme Court decisions. For even if it expose that myth against the clearly con-
Europe from which American settlers fled; were true that the framers of the 14th in- trary ideas of the Constitution's framers and
b) citing Virginia's famous struggle against tended to make all of the rest of the Bill the authors of the Federalist Papers. It Is
the Anglican establishment, particularly the of Rights applicable to the States, there are the place, however, to suggest the community
roles n can eat bnd Jeent pa inferring two decisive reasons why such a conclusion had better begin to think deeply about the
From Jefferson's, and particularly Madison's, is absurd in the case of the establishment myth's consequences. The defenders of reli-
nfluence on the first Congress that the clause.
giosity in the community who were able to
adoption of the Federal establishment clause 1. We have agreed that the original es- live with the Everson case because it did,
was a replay of the Virginia experience. tablishment clause forbade "Congress (a) after all, permit parochial school children to
We say "inferring" with some charity be- to establish a national church, and (b) to ride on the public buses: and who were able
cause the argument is made in the absence interfere with existing State arrangements to live with McCollum's ban on religious in-
Df a single item of evidence-and in the teeth regarding religion." Let us now, following struction in the schools because, after all,
of literally pages to the contrary-that either the Supreme Court's theory of the 14th Zorach soon came along and allowed the in-
Fefferson or Madison wished upon, or con- amendment, place a "State" in the shoes of struction to take place elsewhere on released
seived himself wishing upon, the union of "Congress," and see what we come up with. time-the defenders are now impaled on the
thirteen States the arrangement he had ree- A State is now forbidden (a) to establish a principles announced in those cases, and,
smmended to Virginiai national religion, and (b) to interfere with because of the myth, find their indignant
JUSTICE BRENNAN'S OPINION a State's-i.e., its own-arrangements re- protests treated as "academic exercises."
garding religion. Nor are these contradic- A new amendment to the Constitution to
For the sake of foreigners, we may allude tions produced by mere logic-chopping. The answer the school prayer decision? I think
=o three points Justice Brennan made in his way the Supreme Court has contrived to tie that remedy misses the point. There are a
enthgy concurring opinion that bear on this in the 14th amendment with the Bill of number of objections to the amendment so-
.,nalysis. Brennan, who, unlike his brethren, Rights in other situations is by arguing that lution, but the critical one is that it does
lid not treat history as entirely irrelevant, the 14th's framers intended their word "lib- not meet the great public evil that increas-
segan in a burst of candor that could not erty" to relate to the various "liberties" as- ingly sits astride our affairs: the Supreme
save made the other Justices happy: "It serted by the bill, and as the latter had been Court's assumed power to turn the Constitu-
s true that the framers' immediate concern protected against Federal encroachment, so tion upside down, and then demand the
was to prevent the setting up of an official they would thereafter be protected against acquiescence not only of private citizens,
1hurch." "But," he quickly added, "there State encroachment. But as the late Profes- but of all public authorities. Recourse to an
s nothing in the text of the establishment sor Corwin has pointed out, the establish- amendment, by implication, confirms the
cause that supports the view that (this) ment clause, unlike e.g., the right to bear power and encourages perpetuation of the
was meant to be the full extent of the prohi- arms, is not in the nature of a "liberty"; evil.
_itions against official involvements in re- rather, it is like the 10th amendment, a Let the Congress, rather, employ the sim-
-gion." Which is, of course, a quaint way delineation of the fears of Federal and State ple expedient of a resolution affirming its own
it adducing constitutional law unless one power. The only liberty the establishment understanding of the establishment clause,
s prepared to suggest some evidence the clause conceivably protects is freedom from and encouraging States that share its views
ramers had other prohibitions in mind, a national church; but a State is hardly in a to deal with religion thenceforth in accord-
;rennan ventured one suggestion_an argu- position to jeopardize that liberty-if only ance with that understanding. The Congress
vent by a Mr. Lardner that the clause's for reasons of geography.
sae of the word "religion" instead of 2. The other point Is historical. the he the Court States and- one sidl in obar words;
=hurch" was inexplicable except as a proof Very of- tfor a wh ile probably-the
sat state support of religion per se was ten attempts to instruct the Court about the executive on the other. The confrontation
sinned. The answer the framers said "re- intentions of the 14th's framers must rest on would not have seemed strange to the au-
En
ion" ne because they meant to prohibit the the negative argument that no evidence ex- thors of the Federalist. Does anyone doubt
stablishment not only of a particular re- fists that a given restriction on the States- who would win?
for example, that against segregated
i schools-was on the framers' minds. Here,
The Virginia arrangement was, inci- however, in addition to the negative argu- VINELAND TRAINING SCHOOL
antally, a far cry from the Supreme Court's ment (which happens to be open-go-shut),
complete and permanent separation of the there is the positive fact that only 7 years Mr. CASE. Mr. President, my 'eol-
nheres of religious activity and civil author- after the 14th was ratified, a serious at- leagues will recall that I have again this
9?" Religious instruction in the State uni- tempt was made to amend the Constitution year introduced a bill, S. 1090, which
ersity was, for example, earnestly promoted by prohibiting State establishments of reli- would authorize the disposal of Ellis
w Jefferson. gion. Neither this, the famous Blaine Island for use by the training school at
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11752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -'SENA'TE Judy 11
ttineiand, N.J. Earlier in the session 1 t$at oaiild serve a'& Cominumitj kor'.feeble-, leading educational psychologist; -the' fliist
Stifled in the'Senate Subcommittee on minded children. standardized IQ test, the Blnet-Simon, was
intergovernmental Relations to urge ac- Professor Garrisons hope also was that promulgated throughout the country.
"the institution will be second to none in Through a later study of a family of "feeble-
tion on the bill. furnishing scientific. medical, and other minded' persons Dr. Goddard pinpointed the
Mental illness and retardation serf original data which will greatly promote hereditary aspects of certain types of retar-
ollsly impair the progress of our Nation. etiological and sociological studies." dation.
Increl5ing, awareness of the need to deal Today the school. which began with 7 At a historical meeting of psychologists at children
d
and gence
In a
u
the with these problems is evident in the hom u has gr r win and expanded into ao1,600- tests, which laterainflue ced schoolIntelli
9
l
... .. o 0
ex
the vu,.
the President acre comp
of the United states
4 schoolbuildings, a greenhouse, vocational During the twenties, Dr. Edgar A. Doll,
Federal re-
questing for the first time ime major Federal shops, farming areas, and a 50-acre lake. then head of research experimented and
d evidence that brain injuries were an-
S
oun
participation in the expansion Of veery very THREE HUNDRZD AND rirrr srvDrN'reai ,ui. _c, and other facilities of the v It presently takes care of 850 private stu- other cause of mental deficiency. Dr. Doll's
acme type proposed by the Vineland dents with a stag of 260. most important contribution came in 1936
when he published
School for the Retarded. The training school has had only 3 di- a new mental test, the
Vineland Social Maturity Scale.
This school is an internationally rec- rectors In its 75 years of existence- Garrison, The curriculum and activity program for
ogntzed private Institution, willing to pay until his death in 1900; Edward Ransom the retarded considered one of the best in
the Government for the privilege of tak- Johnstone, who died in 1845: and the pres- the world operates on a year-round basis.
trig Ellis Island off its hands. The Vine- enter go direcsaid . tor, Dr. wD t Jacoboiin a recent in- Classroom schooling usually runs to about
land fir School for the Retarded was a fore- the sixth grade level. The next step is voca-
runner in the fields of research and in lving, "is to train lf-s ient Youngsters to total dorsal with training given in printing, farm-
not too possible much in Ing methods, ining oking and other fields.
training the mentally handicapped. To- the living, to outside be as self-sufficient
world; elf so there is an
car the e first where to a set family-li the -like cot-
ot-
dav the school is in the forefront as a emphasis on book learning. Vineland tags system was
demOnstration center which annually "We would like them to be able to read tag s syst Is of car for and students eke at-
r ee1ves more than 6.000 visitors to ob- books a little more advanced, but it is even ps~~ b him a for an Most of r bet-the est,ab ih action both new and well- tell tiism and important us eh of resppo onsibility ter titutions for handicapped persons of nse oTth se tees. to personal hygiene, to count change. and all types have copied the cottage system.
Ttl pee Ellis concerned slad there he could be no understand traffic signals. Resident care costs $4,500 annually per per-
volue of tin Island, thercould no "Second only to the youngster's happiness son.
applicant for the school is given 3
more ' exciting prospect than that nt the is our striving to Instill the greatest possible months of observation, testing, and diagnosis
historic gateway to freedom in the New measure of self-sufficiency. This is a matter being considered for admittance.
Work be rededicated to a new and per- of very concentrated effort with the indi- Cbefore ost for the comprehensive diagnostic period
taps even more dramatic gateway to vidual child." _ 18 $500.
freedom-the freedom of the large
'From the Newark Sunday News, July 7, 19631 w There is also a s t a cost of $su pm week, that isf open
s
n
berg of mentally retarded individual
i ~OUr population from the handicaps of "~TrL= Coarrza" BOON To WOR- to the public. During this period, parents
total dependence, the persecution of (By Maryln Loprete) and staff members can test out the child's
prejudice. and the lack of opportunity VuIEI,AND-"From this one little corner of reaction to Institutional living as a prelim-
to achieve their maximum potentials Vineland, the entire h-rrld Now has Jersey benefited." la r to more `ore pe man enolcerechildren and the school
within the limited endowment accorded An oil company
,~~. of 10,000, recently extended that congratu- adults work on the farm, called Menantico,
I ask unanimous consent to include in IStOry message to the training school at Vine- whose dairy herd Is rated as one of the 10 A
thousand ills RECORD two newspaper Lion 'of one or thenm ntalllylrreettarrd driInmthe world. on milk in d 5,000 eggs are produced daily of
from the July 7, 1963, edition 'of the the occasion of the school's 75th anniversary. The school has accomplished much of its
Newark Sunday News and another from The message sums up what the fourth old- work through the efforts of its dedicated
the July 3, 1963, edition of the Newark eat school of its kind in the country has ac- board of trustees, which is composed of
L_A A..-.. "try ttrettme. It has served prominent citizens from all over the North-
t
Pia;nfield Courier News. These articles -----
,Four
dmirable mentally retarded, but most of all it has been ..Amintatratrr in several north Jersey schools,
._ _ tir_r_,
d sh
e a
an
tion
.
for the Retarded. and classification of mental retarda
State school for the emotionally disturbed
Olin Garrison
8
.
There being no objection, the articles Founded in 1868 by Rev.
. child has been named.
Were ordered to be printed In the RECORD, a Methodist minister, it was located in Dr. Jacob Organised an active parent group
as follows: single house On a 40-acre tract of land. Five e ailed j1*mm the Newark Star-Ledger, July 3. I0631 boys and two girls were cared for during the funds and rIncorporated," canteen for the raised veer. AMw Yrn hnA alas helned stabilize the finan-
ii eedeQtrimming, laboriously tied the laces tion, surround the original ianamara. LL- -ti was Miss Buck who presented future
of We scuffed shoes, deliberating briefly be- school also includes a 1.400-acre farm colony hopes of the school to a congressional com-
fore attempting each move. As the bow on which produces practically everything, except hopttee brought together to consider propos-
each shoe was put- in place, the knot was meat needed in its operation. From one als of institutions and Individuals as to the
pulled firm. When the job was completed, building It has grown to a 90-building com- use of Ellis Island In New York Harbor.
Kenny lifted his head and a broad smile plex Including a chapel, and a greenhouse. The training school would like to make the
broke out on his round face. There are presently 350 mentally retarded island an international diagnostic center for
Mastering the simple operation of tying persons from 2 to 88 Years old being cared the care and treatment of mental n tarda-
his shoelaces was a major accomplishment for by a staff of 250. tiers.
for Kenny because more than a year of train- The school maintains a battery of spe-
iD.g had gone Into the task. cialists who work with the children in de- Even if the plans for Ellis Island fail, how-
The long training was necessary because veloping their character. There are nurses, ever, the training school will continue its
Benny, on the verge chronologically of en- doctors, physical and speech therapists, a efforts in the field of research with the estab-
tering his teenage years; has the mental psychiatrist and psychologists. Drug med- lishment of a new biochemical laboratory
capacity of a 4-year-old. ication is used on about 150 of the Inhab- announced in December. The lab pprsentlly
Tying his shoes will be only one of things Itants, who display serious behavior disorders, under construction is being supported y
he will be taught at the training school at the aim being to take the children off medlea- Federal grants and an awar rom the Pfeiffer
Vineland, where he is a student. {son as soon as its feasible. Re~garch, FsQundation of w York.
t
ib do how- /' / JJJ _ .
._--- --
n
r
, nonprofit, inter- ever, bas been centered in the laboratory. r r -- yr- ~.wr RE
t'he school is a private LATIONS
Center The first to open a research lab in mental rUKRAINIAPJ JEyiTj$
ti
t
ra
on
demons
nation l research and foundeirin 1888 for the diagnosis,' treatment, retardation. Vineland has served ass pioneer
education,` and care of mentally retarded in demonstrating techniques to experts in Mr. CASE. Mr. President, thousands
children and adults. the field all over the world. of men and women in places throughout
It was founded by the Reverend S. Olin in the first decade of the 20th century, the world are devoting their lives to the
Garrison, who dreamed of a small village under the auspices of Dr. H. H. Goddard, a task of bringing justice and understand-
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 .
t963
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 11753
tng between people of different racial and
ethnic backgrounds. Some of these wise
end good people have received wide rec-
.ognition for their work. Others have re-
ceived moderate praise. Some have gone
unrecognized.
One man has recently received belated
recognition of his successful efforts to
prevent a pogrom in the Ukrainian vil-
lage of Chmelnyk during August 1919.
He is the Reverend Dr. Vladimir Klod-
nycky, who was then a Ukrainian artil-
lery officer and who for the past 23 years
has been pastor of the Holy Ascension
Church in Newark, N.J.
I ask unanimous consent to have in-
serted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD this
article from the bulletin of the Ukrainian
Orthodox League of America. It is based
on a Radio Freedom broadcast which was
beamed throughout Eastern Europe, tell-
ing of the incident and of Rev. Klodny-
cky's efforts to pacify and arouse a
hostile population. I wish to draw par-
_.ticular attention to the remarks of Mr.
Joseph Lichten at a B'nai B'rith banquet
held to honor Reverend Klodnycky for
his heroism, and for his great service to
the Jewish people.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
UKRAINIAN-JEWISH RELATIONS
An event which will have a bright ` place
s happy Ukrain-
of not "l9 a
hi
t
the
r
y
s
ory
lion-Jewish
1962 in Newark, N.J., a city close to New about evil rather than facts about good. McKay, who lived in Boston. His second
York. Vladimir Stepanovich Klodnycky, Major Klodnycky, after Ukraine was occupied built clipper ship Lightning was the basis
onetime officer of the Ukrainian National by the Bolsheviks, was forced to emigrate to of plans used by Portsmouth shipbuilders.
Republic Army, had conferred upon him an America. He lived here 37 years, serving as Shipbuilding was an easy prospect in
impressive honor by the Jewish organics- priest in the local (Newark) Ukrainian Portsmouth, for the Piscatqua River made an
tion B'nai B'rith at its annual congress. This Orthodox Church. After being a Ukrainian excellent harbor, and all around the bay lay
organization is known throughout the entire commander and soldier, he became a Ukraini- fine quality timber. There was also a large
world. an pastor of souls. It is regrettable that so merchant class in Portsmouth, for ships
The banquet was attended by more than noble a flower was uprooted from its soil and had been built there before the clipper came
200 Jewish leaders and about 50 Ukrainian cannot send its roots into his native Ukraine. along. The clipper ships of Portsmouth
guests, among"them former Minister of Fi- We honor today this man" continued Lichten were built mainly by privately owned ship-
nance of the Ukrainian National Republic, "for his dedication to God, humanity and building companies..
Prof. Boris Martos, who occupied a place in his country. May God grant that there be After the opium war, Portsmouth har-
the honorary presidium. Vladimir Klod- many more such men among Christians and bored many ships owned by Chinese dealers.
nycky received an ovation and had presented 'Jews." The clipper ships produced by Portsmouth
to him an honorary certificate-scroll in rec- The presentation of the scroll was in an builders were sailed immediately to the
ognition of the fact that 43 years ago he atmosphere of great uplift and ovation. All China side, and there mated and supplied to
saved the lives of 15,000 Jews in the city of present rose and paid honor to the recipient. become "opium clippers" which sailed be-
Chmelnyk in Vinnistia region. Some were so moved that they wept. . tween New York and Lintin, China.
The historic event was described in detail This event at the congress of the leading Portsmouth was not used very much as a
at the Congress by Joseph Lichten, one of Jewish organization in America testifies to Government trading port. However, clipper
the noted leaders of American Jewry. It the fact that among the influential leaders ships produced in Portsmouth became some
happened in August 1919. The daughter of of Jewry, as well as Ukrainians, there are ele- of the country's fastest and most used trad-
a Jew in Chmelnyk married a Ukrainian ments who actively work for the improve- ing vessels. New York and Boston ports were
from a neighboring village. The father of ment of Ukrainian-Jewish relations. the trade centers, and clippers built in Ports-
the girl, angry because his daughter had The enslavers of Ukraine made her terri- mouth that were not sent to the China side
forsaken her faith and also because she and tory for many centuries a zone of Jewish were sailed to New York or Boston to be
her husband had removed some family pos- settlement and at the same time they in- loaded with cargo.
sessions from his house, set fire at night flamed the feelings between Ukrainians and New Hampshire gained more interest and
to the house of his undesirable son-in-law. Jews in order to divert from themselves the became more important through the value
This relatively small evil grew into a great anger of the people. of Portsmouth clipper ships. Merchants
evil. The fire spread to other houses, and Civic and intellectual-scientific elements from over New England and New York
in a few hours the whole village was razed. in America are working to improve Ukrain- traveled to Portsmouth to aid the industry;
At this time anarchy raged in the territory ion-Jewish relations. A scientific commis- workers traveled to New Hampshire in hopes
and occasionally programs occurred, pro- Sion of the Ukrainian Free Academy of of landing a job on one of the trading
voked by transient bands. The Jews of Sciences in U.S.A. is conducting research of clippers.
Chmelnyk feared revenge and a pogrom. It the history of Ukrainian-Jewish relations. Yet in the 1850's the clipper ship need was
so 'happened that right after the burning. Jewish intellectuals also take part in the dying out. Foreign countries were produc-
of the village, a market day or fair took place work of this commission. ing steamships which could travel twice as
in Chmelnyk. Many people arrived with Delivered and subscribed by: fast as clipper ships. Also, the Suez Canal
weapons to take revenge on the Jewish pop- YURIJ HAJDAR. was a great threat to clipper ship prosperity,
ulation of Chmelnyk. for steamships could make the passage with
The lives of 15,000 Jewish inhabitants hung greater regularity, more cargo, and lower
on a hair. Fortunately, a detachment of the rates. However, even though other countries
Ukrainian National Republic Army arrived PORTSMOUTH CLIPPER SHIPS AND had faster ships, U.S. ports still continued to
in Chmelnyk at' the time. Maj. Vladimir THE NAVY YARD build clipper ships for quite a while.
Stepanovich Klodnycky was its commander. Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I re- Finally, in the 1860's the United States
Klodnycky had his detachment arrayed in
formation on the principal street, and he cently read in the Littleton (N.H.) began to develop the steamboat for trading
went up onto a balcony in the city admin- Courier an interesting article written by purposes. What with the rise of the steam-
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istration building and spoke to the aroused an eighth-grade student from Littleton,
villagers as follows: N.H., who took part in. the annual DAR
"Those of you, dear brothers, who build national essay contest..
their own homes must certainly have made This article points out the important
the sign of the cross upon themselves and role. that the Portsmouth Naval Ship-
sprinkled the foundation with holy water.
So, also, enslaved Ukraine has summoned us yard has played in our country's history
all-together with you-to build our own from the development of the clipper
national house, our Ukrainian state. And ships to its present role in providing for
now you want to sprinkle the foundation of our Nation's defense by its building and
our Ukrainian state with the blood of Jews. repairing of submarines.
This thought of yours is sinful. We are Mr. President, I wish to share this es-
and our not Ukrainian state upon law and say with my colleagues to remind them
order building
order upon mob rule or highhanded-
nes of the most important role that New
This was a brave act on the part of an Hampshire plays in our Nation's defense.
officer of the Ukrainian National Republic -Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
Army, Klodnycky, because the throng was sent that this article be printed in the
furious and he could have been felled with a RECORD.
single shot. However, the courageous and There being no objection, the article
noble words of this soldier of the Ukrainian was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
National Republic Army sobered the mob and as follows:
the people quietly dispersed. The next day
a delegation from the Jews, with Rabbi Bilyk PORTSMOUTH CLIPPER SHIPS AND NAVY YARD
at its head, thanked Officer Klodnycky and (By Delight Wing)
proposed in gratitude a gift for him of In the 1820's, a new type of ship known as
200,000 karbovantsi. Klodnycky however, de- the clipper ship was developed in Chesapeake
clined the gift; instead he influenced the Bay. The ships were very valuable to our
more prosperous Jews to aid their less fortu- country's trade, for on a given day, a clipper
nate brothers. Ukrainians and Jews,. to- ship could outsail any ship on the sea, thus
gether with the soldiers of the garrison of being able to reach port ahead of foreign
the Ukrainian Army commanded by Klod- trading vessels.
nycky settled amicably the economic and The clipper ships constructed in Ports-
civic affairs of Chmelnyk and the village mouth usually had very slender hulls, three
which had suffered the conflagration. masts, and square sails. The slender hull
After relating the episode at the congress was the only disadvantage of the clipper
of the Jewish organization in America, Joseph ships,. for although it enabled the ship to
"Volumes have been written about po- in which to store cargo.
ome in the Ukraine during the revolution. Plans for the building of clipper ships
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11754 CONGRESSIONAL RECD
-SENATE
boat. and the increased development of Mss- Mn.ossa HORTON'a AT Haas
a:achtuEette ports, the port of Portsmouth Mildred McAfee Horton, former president
gradually ddied out. Portsmouth's ship- of Wellesley College, who was picked by
builc~ipg industries and,, uge of .the her- President Kennedy to serve as chairman of
her declined so that finally non_ existed at Ran leaders, working for civil rights, is
811 This condition continued until the m- glad to be in the battle for racial equality
tebliahment of a U.S. Navy Yard at Ports- again.
motet,. "I have been very interested in solving
Today the navy yard is the backbone of racial problems," she said yesterday and
modern Portsmouth. The navy yard is de- added that she was "very happy that the
voted mainly to the building of submarines, military services were integrated while she
and the repairing of battleships. In 1938. was head of the Waves."
8,000 men were employed at the navy yard. She returned to her home in Randolph,
for the purpose of building submarines and N.H., yesterday, determined to do all she can
repairing battleships. Including all workers, for the newly formed National Women's
in 1938, the yard employed a total of 5,000. Committee on Civil Rights, of which she is
Its facilities for the work It performs in- cochairman-
clude: a stone drydock, of size large enough Since she retired from the presidency of
to take battleships of 23,000 tons, it fitting Wellesley In 1948, she has been "concen-
out basin to accommodate 10 submarines at trating on my hobby of keeping house and
a ti
e
t
m
and ber
hing apses for 100b enjoying my 13dhild
, su- grancren," she said yes-
marine8, plus needed technical equipment. terday.
The yard also includes a naval hospital, and But a look at the roster of positions she
naval prison. holds shows she has been busy in the fields
The navy yard had first been "federalized" of religion and education, too.
in 1815, when the first Federal ship, the She is a vice president of the United
Waahinpfon was launched. (At that time Church Board for World Ministry; chairman
the yard was situated on Dennett's Island of the board of Pierce College in Athens,
Federal interest dwindled until the late 1860'a Greece. and on the board of directors of
when equipment was added to the yard, and both the Danforth Foundation (an educa-
Was considered officially as a US. naval yard, tional foundation) and the Fund for the
At the close of the Ruaso-Japanese War, Advancement of Education (a Ford Founds-
his .
when the countries were negotiating for tion ancement a subsidiary)
peace, Frreeid_ent Theodore Roosevelt ch gate ose o Earlier to the t 1this2th year she served-
peace, as a U.S. Bdele O ncil the yard for the meeti4g of the council that Pari rl wgeneral as while of and, Dr.
Hortonwet while her husband, Dr.
would discuss terms of peace. The treaty of Douglas s' This
Portsmouth was signed here on September Divinity School, was retired e dean of the Harvard
$. 1905. School, was serving as a Protestant
The interest submarine building observer at the Ecumenical Council called
In at the by the late Pope John XXIII.
yard came shortly after World War I broke Mrs. Horton said she will be "but of the
out, The Navy Department decided on country all fall" because she is going to Rome
Portsmouth, as where they would construct with her husband while he is a Protestant
the first Government-made submarine. The observer at the forthcoming Vatican Council.
submarine was begun on November 2. 1914, Mrs. Horton and her husband live in what
and completed May 25, 1918. This was the they call "the oldest house In New Hamp-
first of the long line of submarines built In shire." Actually, she explained, it Is only
Portsmouth' 40 years old, but one board came from her
In the early 1850's, New Hampshire played husband's family home on Long Island that
a part in the country's being, with the was built in 1640. "We have It over the
Portsmouth clipper ships. Today, the naval fireplace In the dining room," she said of
yard at Portsmouth Is important to the the antique board.
United States, No matter how email, New Both of them have many, many friends
Hampshire has, and does, contribute some. who find their way to the New Hampshire
thing of importance to the United States. retirement home, and "our family is always
tripping in and out," she said.
Now freed from their pro(esalonal ties, the
TO MCAFEE Hortona travel a great deal. The sparkling-
TRIBUTE MILDRM Mrs. Horton said "one of my pleasures
. HORTON Is that s- a-s r -_ .- ..._ _. .
Mr. McINTYRE, Mr. President, the and the world, I turn up someone from the
named Mildred McAfee Horton is well Navy and Wellesley."
known in this Nation. Mrs. Hurt n. who Many honors have been bestowed on her
over the years and she wears them gracefully,
lives in Randolph, N.H., is a former press- with an air of modesty that belies her out-
dent of Wells 1 C ll
S e
a o age.. She was the standing achievements.
first head of the Waves, and is vice Mrs. Horton was very pleased at the re
president of the United Church Board
for World Ministry. Earlier this year,
she was a delegate to the 12th General
Col}Iicil of UNESCO.in Paris,
Now Mrs. Horton has been selected by
the President as cochairman of the Na-
tional Women's Committee on Civil
Rights. I applaud this choicefor I am
certain that Mrs. Horton will, with her
boundless energy and broad experience,
slake many valuable contributions in the
important area of civil rights.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that an article from the Washington
Post, in which Mrs. Horton expresses
some of her thoughts on her new posi-
tion, be inserted in the RzcoLD at this
point.
There being no objection, the article
Was ordered to be printed in the Recoae,
as follows:
dent's civil rights program. "I was pleased
by the fact that so many women were
stimulated to be more active than ever be-
fore. I hope they will stimulate other people
across the country." she said.
She added that "if everyone could see the
caliber of Negro women we have in this coun-
try who were represented at that conference
they'd see how absurd it is to limit their
opportunities."
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, Is
there further morning business?
The PRESIDENT pro tempers. Is
there further morning business? If not,
morning business is closed.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. STENNIS obtained the floor.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Mississippi yield to me
without losing his right to the floor? .
July 11
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may yield to
the Senator from Montana without los-
Ing my right to the floor.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is
there objection to the request by the
Senator from Mississippi? The Chair
hears none, and It is so ordered.
AMENDMENT OF LEAD-ZINC SMALL
PRODUCERS STABILIZATION ACT
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the un-
finished business may be laid before the
Senate and made the pending business.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is
there objection to the request of the
Senator from Montana?
There being no objection the Senate
resumed the consideration of the bill
(H.R. 3845) to amend the Lead-Zinc
Small Producers Stabilization Act of
October 3, 1961 (75 Stat. 766).
U.S. PARTICIPATION IN INTERNA-
TIONAL BUREAU FOR THE PRO-
TECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROP-
ERTY
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations be dis-
charged from the further consideration
of House Joint Resolution 405, to amend
the joint resolution providing for U.S.
participation in the International Bureau
for the Protection of Industrial Prop-
erty.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is
there objection to the request by the
Senator from Montana? The Chair
hears none, and It is so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the unfin-
ished business be temporarily laid aside
and that the Senate proceed to the con-
sideration of House Joint Resolution 405.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The
joint resolution will be stated by title for
the information of the Senate.
The LEGISLATIVE CLSax. A joint reso-
lution (H.J. Res. 405) to amend the joint
resolution providing for U.S. participa-
tion in the International Bureau for the
Protection of Industrial Property.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, for
the information of Senators, I wish to
state that this resolution is identical to
Senate Joint Resolution 64, which the
Senate passed on July 9.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is
there objection to the request by the
Senator from Montana?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the joint resolu-
tion (H.J. Res. 405) which was ordered
to a third reading, read the third time,
and passed.
CONVEYANCE OF CERTAIN LANDS
TO HENDERSON, NEV.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the unfin-
ished business may be temporarily laid
aside and that the Senate may proceed
to the consideration of Calendar No. 318,
H.R. 2461.
Approved For Release 2010/04/27: CIA-RDP65B00383R000200190016-5