PRESS CLIPPINGS MAY-JUNE 1978

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05S00620R000501240001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 266
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 20, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 22, 1978
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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PUBLISHERS WEEKLY
22 May 1978
Washington journalist and CIA expert
John Marks was responsible for much
of the investigative reporting that re-
vealed the CIA's experimentation with
mind altering drugs on unsuspecting
participants. Times Books promises
that "plenty more will be uncovered"
with the publication of Marks's "The
Search for the Manchurian Candidate"
($12.50), scheduled for October. The
book opens with the CIA's launching of
the quest for the "great truth serum" in
the late 1940s, and proceeds to uncover
how the agency recruited respected ci-
vilian doctors, university professors
and Communist defectors to cooperate
with the covert psychological experi-
ments.
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PUBLISHERS WEEKLY
22 May 1978
UNCLOAKING THE CIA
Edited by Howard Frazier. Free Press/
Macmillan, $12.95 ISBN 0-02-910590-0
,Based on a conference held at Yale i
University, these accounts of the CIA
gone "rogue" make a clear, forceful,
no-punches-pulled case for dismantling
the CIA. or at least its covert opera-
tions. Although some of the book's rev-
elations have been aired in the journal-
istic media, there is enough new, ur-
gent material here to make this a
blockbuster. The contributors fall into
three main categories: former insiders,
such as Victor Marchetti, John D.
Marks. L. Fletcher Prouty; domestic
critics like Kirkpatrick Sale and Rep.
Michael J. Harrington (D., Mass.); and
Third World figures. among them Sal-
vador Allende's widow. Even liberal
and left-wing readers will be dismayed
at the extent of CIA activities revealed
in these pages. Covered are William
Colby's Phoenix program. responsible
for over 49,000 killings in Vietnam; the
backing of Lon Nol's coup in Cam-
bodia; infiltration of U.S. universities;
and the development of mind-control
technology to deal with dissidents.
Some of the most eye-opening sections
examine CIA interference with the
AFL-CIO and penetration of foreien
trade unions. Comprehensive, com-
pact, well documented. [June]
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BALTIMORE SUN
2 June 1978
Cord Meyer
Carter Gets' Tough
With Soviet Spies
If.conciliation were his chief aim, Pres
ident Carter would have quietly deported
the two Soviet spies. It is significant,
therefore, that he decided to indict them
after a sharp debate within ithe adminis.
tration.
The conciliatory option had strong ad-
vocates, inclu u Qua Director Stansfield
'Turner and representatives-of the State
- Department. The debate that preceeded?
the FBI's announcement that the Soviets
had been arrested marked another move
by the President to deal in more steely
fashion with the Kremlin.
' The facts, are not in dispute. As the re-
sult of the loyal cooperation of a. U.S. na-
val officer and effective counter-intellig-
ence work by the FBI and naval intellig-
ence, three Soviets were caught. in fla-
grante as they tried to bribe the naval of-
ficer into supplying them with secret data
on our most advanced. anti-submarine
warfare technology. .
One of the Russians was an attache at
the Soviet mission to the. United Nations
who enjoyed immunity as an accredited
diplomat. Having violated his status, he
will be declared persona non grata and
forced to leave, if the Soviets do not with-
:draw him.
The other Russians, both U.N. employ.
ees, have no diplomatic status. Although
they- carry Soviet diplomatic passports,
the U.S. government has not accepted
:them as accredited diplomats, so, they
:have under law no immunity. The debate
:raged over what should be done with
them, once they had been caught in the act
.of spying.
-o- .
Surprisingly, Turner took the lead in
arguing that these two should not be ar-
rested and brought to trial. He wanted to
let them leave the country without punish.
ment because he feared Soviet retaliation
against American citizens in Russia. Tra-
ditionally anxious to avoid confrontations,
the State Department supported Turner.
. Turner and the State officials main-
tained the Soviets might retaliate by ar-
resting American officials in the U.S. Em-
bassy, in Moscow. They also voiced fears .
that private U.S. citizens traveling in Rus-
sia might. be . arrested . on trumped-up
charges and held as hostages against the
release of the two Russian U.N..employ-.
These arguments were stoutly opposed.
by Attorney General Griffin. Bell, speak-
ing for the Department of Justice and the
FBL He pointed out that hundreds of Sovi-
et citizens are without diplomatic status in
.this country, either in transit or on perma-
nent assignment, whether they are U.N.
employees, members of visiting delega-
tions, exchange students, or sailors on
leave from Russian,ships in U.S: ports.
Bell contended it would be a mistake to
make it easy for these non-diplomats to
engage in espionage by letting them leave
the country with impunity. Prosecution,
and punishment. under the law, Bell
argued, was a far more effective deter
rent in helping die -FBI to cope with the
Soviet.espionage operation in this country,
which Sen. Daniel Moynihan, D.-N.Y. re-
cently described as "massive."
Bell went on to maintain that as attor. -
ney general it was his responsibility to en-'
force the laws, and that he would have to
answer to the American people if his fail-
ure to do so led to the loss of vital secrets.
-o-
The President quietly came down on
Bell's side. He may have been motivated
as much by domestic as by foreign policy
concerns. Failures after World War II to
mpve against Soviet espionage opened. a
Pindora's box of paranoid suspicion. The
'late Sen. Joseph McCarthy, R-Wis., gained
his stprt as a demagogue from the hesitan-
cy of the Democrats in moving against So-
viet spies.
Fear of Soviet retaliation may make
discretion the better part of valor for
small- countries such as Finland in the '
shadow of Soviet power. But if the U.S. is
intimidated in this way, the credibility.of
the American campaign to persuade the ;
Western allies to act decisively against
proven Soviet agents will be destroyed
By his firm decision, Mr. Carter has
taught the Soviets that spying in the U.S. is
a dangerous game. This counry cannot let
fear of Soviet 'provocations determine
whether or not its laws are to be enforced.-
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE 17
?owland Evans and Robert Novak
~Carter's Evidence on U.
Intercepted coded messages to Fidel
Castro's Africa corps in Angola "cover-
ing a period of several days" before the
invasion of- Zaire's ' Shaba province
make up part of the evidence to sup..
port President Carter's, charge ? of;
Cuban complicity, in the invasion...'.
?In addition, the CIA has possession of
"human intelligence" reports-possibly
from Cuba,'possibly from Angolan sour
ces-that corroborate the intercepts.
That : background explains Carter's
cold anger in totally disregarding.
.Castro's personal protestation of inno-
cence in a' Carter-Castro confrontation
that may have' wide-ranging interna-
tional impact.
Challenged by Sen. George McGov-
ern, (D-S.D.), to prove his accusation
against Castro, Carter ordered CIA Di-
and House Intelligence committees,
probably next week.
Turner labors under a heavy burden
.of responsibility' to protect American
intelligence agents and sources. A leak
from a member of Congress could de-
-principal communist coordinating. role
for intelligence and "security matters"
in
Ethiopia
Mozambi
ue
An
ola
a
d
.
,
q
,
g
,
n
several others states targeted by the
v LOLL LVSL1 Lj161j'Vf1 G111JY 1111116
handle that task, and oversee supplies Minister Olaf Palmein a letter that he
of arms, was created in the early 1970si ' would .withdraw 200 Cubans .a week
under East Germany's deputy foreign f ' 'from Angola. The letter indicated that
trade minister. In those Soviet-targeted; Castro :,would :send-. no Cuban troops
countries, East Germany., is credited; elsewhere in Africa, 'adding; "I do not
with having more on-the-scene agents wish to become the _ crusader. of the '
than any country, except the Soviet 20th century.
'
'Union itself. i In May 1977 Castro"told interviewer
'
Special targets are the
"liberation"-
armies-now poised outside Rhodesia's
frontiers under Robert Mugabe and
Joshua Nkomo and the "National. Peo-.
pies' 'Armies" of Angola, Ethiopia and
.Mozambique:
Barbara Walters he:would send neither
advisers nor troops to Ethiopia, where
today some 17,000 Cuban troops are in'
residence.'
Against that record,'Carter.and Brze-'_
Early this month, in a speech in' : When Castro summoned U.S.'diplomat'
Addis Ababa, Lt. Col. Haile-Mariam . Lyle F. Lane in Havana to deny any'
Mengistu, the Ethiopian strongman, 'Cuban role. in the invasion of Zaire.,
boasted that "progressive comrades" Castro's word is not highly . regarded in'
with us and. die with us."When the How. the CIA will handle, the evi
speech was broadcast later in English, "deuce in supposedly. confidential brief I'
that'phrase was deleted. One year ear- ings on Capitol Hill is not yet known.
it ..
t be 1.....
liar a Western Eurnnaan intelligence N
..
h
r
LL
l
'
e
-
ca
wn w
e
e
e bo
d
th
L11e11, could leave
e p esidelnt open LV town of Mutshatsha durin the first
renewed :challenges from: McGovern g pally lead. What is clear is one fact
and other congressmen: Supply proof (1977) Angola-based incursion into , 'Jimmy Carter., knows he has been lied,
Zaire. to
nncitiva that rastrn was lvino when he
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UCiuC4 4LV l.uuau 1 V,C- :ILal. UVw LYr disposal, Carter's charge of non-African
disturb Carter. He is certain that Con-
gress will take his word over Castro's or sion of Zaire is beyond dispute. But ad-
Soviet Foreign'.:- Andrei: ding to the White House use of harsh
Gromyko, who infuriated the president rhetoric is the president's anger at the
with his May 27 statement on the White Cuban denials that led McGovern to
House lawn that Carter's information demand that the president, in effect,
was faulty. ,.prove it ,.
Indeed, evidence now being collected Carter was made to look ridiculous
to prove the complicity of Moscow, 'when he 'volunteered on Fe b..16, 1977,
Havana and other Soviet satellites in ? that he had received "information
.the murderous rampage of the Angola. from indirect sources" that Castro had
based Shaba invasion force leaves no "promised" to remove his Africa corps
possibility of doubt. A central element (then numbering about 15,000) from An
i
h
b
S
f
E
as
een
ov
et use o
communist
ast
Germany.
In his hard-hitting "Meet the Press"
appearance on May 28, Zbigniew Brze-
iSnly obliquely. In fact, the record of ,
East Germany as a chief Soviet agent in!
. 'gola. Instead of withdrawal, the force
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, ;r- inn nuuNuiql3l
ON PAGE 27 1`iay-2 June 1978
Foreign policy
I African jungle ,
The recent fighting in the Shaba province
of Zaire; formerly Katanga, has lit up
unresolved differences of opinion within
the American government about its Afri-
can policy, and, more generally, about
American. readiness or reluctance to in-
tervene with troops abroad. The "gov-
in the administration, from the White
House at least. ,
Cuba On Friday; May 19th, the White House
planes would help in the airlift of French thought the scheme broke the spirit of he
administration might have a tendency to
exaggerate the strategic importance .of
Cuban troops in Africa
-
Next day, to add to the mounting sense
United States must stand up, somehow,
to the Cuban presence in Africa. But.
also reveals that the long debate, over_' African policy as a whole is unresolved
Mr Young and the state department; who
have had the upper. hand so far,! have
come under' test with their view that"';.
steady pressure ..for majority:.'rule in
southern Africa is the United'. States'
most urgent task. That was broadly the.
message of President Kenneth Kaunda of
Zambia whose visit to Washington coin
cided' with the 'Shaba . fighting.'
Vance's public role has.so far not been
very definite, one way or the other, and
could be influential..There is almost no
evidence of public ;support for American
:military adventures abroad. Thosc : in, ,,
search of it-could do worse than;look to l
of confusion, Mr Young said he did share .i
the president's concern with congression- ,!
al restraints, but felt there was enough
support for Americans to do openly in
Africa whatever was needed. Meanwhile !
the state department had, released an
eight-page list of congressional restraints
on military action abroad; Chief :among.
those of which Mr Carter complained 1:
gress of covert operations conducted by
the Central Intelligence Agency and'the
Clark amendment to the 1976 Arms' Ex. port Control Act prohibiting any sort of
military help, open or covert,. for oper-
ations in Angola. . .
The events of the week have convinced
the- author of that amendment, Senator.
Dick Clark of Iowa, that the- United.
States
ki
c
see
ng to_ be
omingTinv_olved
again in AngolaJit is believed that the
zone. It is far from clear that they were .j. 17urner, and Mr?Brzezinski'a d-'Aty Mr
ever really meant to be dispatched in the David, Aaron, proposed to. him a? way
first place. But the alert was the first round his amendment for. ing arms to.
signal of a more assertive line being taken opponents of the, Angolan government'
the turn of events.,
On Sunday, May 21st, Mr Andrew
Young, the American ambassador to the
United. Nations, and hitherto a reliable.
spokesman for the United States's,policy
in Africa, said on television that he
doubted whether congressional restraints
on the president were unduly onerous.
He returned -to'his theme,, supported
inside the state department; that ; the:.'
totally =disrupted ?thecopper' mining
industry', In that-key Zaireaa,province
at, .least . temporarily and driven the
foreign technicians, to;flight,Simonet
replied ?
"It's very difficult to''assess. -I have
contradictory reports.' I've been try.
ing to ' check them .but when you t
to dig into what people say then: you
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dence'is'? pp
put on. alert- These soldiers, as it turned
out, were not needed, after all,.to help
non. Indeed, the running debate of the
week got started when President Carter
complained in a meeting with leading
members of congress about congressional
restraints on the president's ability to
take military actions abroad. About the
same time units of the 82nd airborne
division. stationed at Fort Bragg in North.
Carolina, a "quick-'reaction" force, were {
ernment", for these purposes, includes ' were the amendment to the foreign aid
congress, as well as a divided administra- bill obliging the president to inform-con-
dimmest observer that the White House towards Mr Brzezinski's advice that: the
By this stage it was plain to even the 'last. It shows that Mr Carter is leaning
Iowa where Mr Clark. is running?with no
evident difficulty so far, for re-election to k
the senate.
Congressional opinion about ;foreign
entanglements has, since.Vietnam,jbeen '.
hostile. As' for, any shift, the first signs.
might come from anew committee called.
for on Monday by the house speakcr,Mr
Tip O'Neill, to look?'into congressional..-
restrictions on foreign actions. ?Thc sen-
ate's influential majority leader, Senator.,,; ,
Robert Byrd, does not think congress has.
need changing:.
American weapons nor combat troops . This is only the latest episode in the
were involved. The White House, all the 'unfolding of the Carter administration's
same, called this a "military" mission. African policy. It is unlikely to be the ;~.
was trying to make a point. The day
before Mr Fidel Castro had. sent an
unusual, personal message to the presi-
dent, denying Cuban involvement in the
attack from Angola on Shaba province.
The administration insisted that Cubans
had trained the former Katangan rebels 11
in the invasion force which was armed
with Cuban-supplied. Russian weapons.
.The . stiffer American response was the
sort for which Mr Zbigniew Brzezinski,.
the president's national security adviser,
-has sought for some time. Though' he
himself was out of the country, on a trip
in China discomforting the Russians, his
immediate staff was, plainly delighted at
-~ .,,a+.?~ gv uc,wia?`Gna>:~or-iris' ~auie=iG?GCI Gana OII?iTS'Own lni3`is'LneA
time being." essential purpose, he said, of the pro?
The Carter administration, _and 'es- posed economic centered. "conference
pecially presidential- national securi- scheduled ;'in' Brussels June:.13.14.: to
ty affairs adviser' Zbigniew Brzezin- attempt . to'salvage ,the Zairian ;eon
ski, has ? been sounding increasingly omy from: looming, disaster`, with the
alarmed about': the "destabilizing' 1. help ' . of_ Western, ;nations- and..'the:?
Soviet-Cuban danger across Africa Worid''Bank and International 'Moa-
r. rou tnird countries. Their idea was to
tie down Cuban troops who' are helping
the regime of Mr Agostinho Neto. Mr
- maure cneir-sovereignty and ndepend
ence''
Heexpressed support for the ~ .Soviet i
Union's latest disarmament proposals .andi..;
I was.- applauded by.,.both`.the; Soviet bloc]
and .the. majority `of: smaller- third-world) `
countries, which,. like Cuba;'regard them- elves as politically nonaligned I,
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adequate technical skills. - '
It was learned from other diplo-
matic sources that spokesmen for the
major Western nations were dissem-
bling on Tuesday when senior officials
described next Monday's emerg-
ency meeting on Zaire as primarily
an economics-centered conference.
Authoritative western sources said
the meeting to be held in. Paris next
Monday by. representatives of the.
.United States, Belgium, France,,.Brit
ain and West -Germany is actually'
centered .on military-political.' prob-
lems. Ttie.. reasons for describing it
last Tuesday as "a preliminary meet-
ing" for long-planned economic talks
was 'primarily for, American purposes,
informed sources said, to relieve the
Carter administration of the political
pressures upon ? it ifit was overtly
committed to exploration of a new
African defensemechanism..- ." "?"
The western foreign ministers':' pre=,
occupation with Africa has been tak='
ing place on the edges of the NATO;
summit conference in Washington,
during the last two days. The sug-.
gestion that,.i was better fo public.
.consumption,, to put; the.; emphasis in
the Paris 'meeting on econqu~ics.. was:
first reported to; have been: made'by
French '.Foreign .'.Minister, is de,.
Guiringaud, whose nation.-* a prin-
cipal advocate,; 'along, .with Belgium,
of the need for a pan-Africansectirity
force...,. Guiringauds -.suggestion .was
reported -to:.hav'e -been :swiftly ' em-
braced by Secretary `of 'Stafe yrus
Vance and fellow: ministers...
At a.. State., Department press . con-
ference Tuesday night,. Vance, shifted
the public emphasis on the. -il ar meet-
ing from defense to,economics, while.
other ministers did the sari brief-
ing other reporters.
Simonet ryin' yesterday's . interview
duly ; complied- But , numerous. other
sources, sai& there is. no question; in
private'. about the central objective. in
the Paris meeting, . which i
. to ' be
followed .. by;, other'`'Westerr discus-
sions on a potential pan-Atdan de_
fense force. ' r .
Unlike Vance, howevei, Simonet
yesterday-openly 'acknowl'efged ithe
need for the allies?to prolide backing
'for an African defense foke'In! the
form :of-, what he calle(f.1d le Istics
support from- the "West:`--Trio er
source said;. tWe really..rrieg'n 1 gis-
tics-but in . the .broadest sens ~~of
that
Simonet:''-said:- that "at:least for
Belgium". his nation is?. talking;.a'boit
"solely - a .logistic force." r
yesterday. 4hattpresi-
It was learned
dential.?national 'security affai~sl ad-
viser Zbigniew ' Brzezinski - addressed
the?,NATO- - council in Its : closed' ses-
sion on Tuesday-an unusuah;if.not
unprecedented' appearance by.a~White
House adviser ,_in such a fr ruiil. The
primary reason. ' for Brzezinslti's ap-
pearance before the summit sneeting,
sources said, and- the subjgct .of his
Initial commentary .was. a. report on
Brzezinski's recent. trip ta, 4.C' PP.
Brzezinski, however, also took the
floor later, sources said, to sfress the
danger of. the use of Soviet-supported
Cuban troops across Africa Brzezinski,
the sources said, expanded bri;Carter's
theme that Cuba cannot'-be -rorci"Prel
a: nonaligned nation because__ t_.ia "a
surrogate" for Soviet military penetra-
tion of Africa.
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ARTICLE AFXEAFXal)
DAL TT
"TTAT
MORE
THE
L IkA . cl ~), zialf-C
rll I W = U Ulu
.
By GILBERT A. LEWTHWAiTE
Washington Bureau of The Sun
-
Washington
With the international
controversy over Soviet-Cuban involve-
ment in Africa growing increasingly in-
tense, dm. Stansfield Turner, director of
.central intelligence, yesterday- scheduled.
testimony on Capitol-Hill for next week.
Admiral Turner will appear at closed-
door sessions of both the Senate and House
foreign affairs committees to outline the
evidence on which President Carter bases
= his current hard-line statements.
Mr: Carter's, assertions that the Cu.
bans, supported by the Russians,. trained.
and supplied the Katangans who invaded
the Shaba province of -Zaire. two weeks
ago, have been denied in Havana and have
provoked angry. Kremlin reaction? plung-
ing detente to a recent low. ; . .... .
The State Department yesterday reaf-
firmed that the administration had "good
and sufficient" evidence of the Cubans' ac-
tive role, and a CIA spokesman said Admi-
ral Turner would present the evidence he
has already delivered to the President and
other policy-makers when- he.appears be-
fore the congressional committees-
But at the same time, the administra-
tion's, assertions of Cuban responsibility
came under new. attack from the third
world at the United Nations in New York,
and its general approach to African af-
fairs was treated here to an unexpectedly.
patronizing assessment by Prime Minister
James Callaghan of Britain.: " '` :.
Mr. Callaghan, in town for. the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization summit con-
ference, was unusually blunt in pinpoint-
ing U.S. shortcomings in. an area .of. the
world where.the post-colonial British eon-?
sider they have much more experience,;
He said he feared that "a'lot of Chrth`
pher'Columbuses'are setting out
from
States:.to discoverAife
first time.>.. N; .; .
British. sources said Mr. Callaghan's
outspokenness, reflected..; his 'genuine;,
anxiety over. ancient tribal conflicts in Af-,
rica being-:conceived-?here.as latter day,.
East-West trials of strength:.:::;
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ORTMk,E A !RP
ON PAGE - /. _
28 MAY 1978
WHITE HOUSE TALKS MAKE LITTLE ` PROGRESS.ON' SALT;:
;':;1....aoout a nuclear wennnns feet ban end h
man) .
u
L~ II,. and Soviet officials disagreed The controversy focused on possible Cuban in-
s iarply yesterday over the' Soviet volvement in the invasion of Zaire's Shaba pro
and .Cuban role in - Africa during,1 . ince by Katangan rebels two weeks ago.
1 lengthy discussions that failed to On the broader question of superpower relations
make much progress. on strategic
arms limitations.
President Carter and senior for-
eign policy and defense aides spent
four hours talking to Soviet Foreign
Minister Andrei A. Gromyko.; at the'
White House -double the scheduled
time. Gromyko - later lunched ' with
Secretary of State CyrusR.Vance at
the State Department.
-After the apparently , tense:: and
tough White House meeting, Carter's
national security adviser,. Zbigniew
Brzezinski,leaked the. results of his.
recent visit to China.%
;
Brzezinski's timing'irimakingg pub-
lic the similarity of U.S and Chinese.
interests in opposing the Soviet Union
seemed intended to bring pressure .on_
Moscow 'to be:'-more flexible in its
Africanpolicy'and in negotiations for,
a new strategic. arms limitations'
treaty, SALT II.',In the : past. the'
Kremlin has reacted angrily to such
-pressure. r:. y
-
s
nvasion.
played a key role in
-----
---
training and equipping-- the attacKers, Carter
SALT. But said, and Cuba knew o their plans but "obviously cnical and did nothing to restrain them. ."
,priefer talk
I The administration's evidence for this has note
been:. disclosed. The Senate.: Foreign.. Relations
Committee has called) CIA` .Director,Stansfield-
( Turner to testify this week-on it:
Gromyko seemed to be deliberately entering
this dispute, although he did not:specifically refer.;i
to it.
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there would be a confrontation.
"We have no intention of grabbing either the-,
whole of Africa or its; p he' said. "We.don't
need it."
Gromyko emerged from the White House and
said that he and Carter had held a "useful and
essential" discussion on Africa. "We do have' our
differences" on what is happening there, he said,
"I think notably that the information. that the
president has at his. disposal is not correct. This is i
GROMYKO'S REMARK followed administra-
tion statements that the Soviet Union. and Cuba
have been stirring up 'trouble in Africa and endan-
f ering detente. Carter has repeatedly, warned pub-
cly, and he. repeated privately to Gromyko, that i
Soviet activities are making it difficult to win
American support for new arms control agree
ments with Moscow
Cuban President Fidel Castro. has denied that
his country had any'direct or indirect involvement
in the Shaba. invasion. But. Carter -saidThursday
that Cuba shares "a burden and a responsibility '
It
.i
for the i
forces "
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE 1. 11
LOS ANGELES TIMES
25 May 1978
N Big, Jil-S 'fficials 'i c
H huo ou us U i
Arms Aid to Angola Rebes;
WASHINGTON-High Adminis-.1
tration officials have discussed-the!
possibility of.. resuming . U.S. arms
shipments to anti-Communist guer-
rillas in Angola, the White House said
Wednesday. .
Press Secretary Jody Powell said
that President Carter has not yet
made a decision on the matter..
Powell .. said that ; CIA Director'!
Stansfield Turner.-and David Aaron,`
President Carter's deputy assistant
for national security affairs, had dis-
cussed possible U.S. action in Angola
with Sen. Dick Clark (D-Iowa), au-
thor of the 1975 law banning any di-
rect or indirect U.S. military involve-'.!
ment.there.
Neither Turner nor Aaron, meeting
separately with Clark, attempted to
promote any specific plan, Powell
said. Clark,. at a press conference of
his own, said Senate rules prohibited
.him from discussing matters- told him
in confidence by the Executive
Branch.: :
However, a : source familiar with
the meetings told The Times that
Turner in-talking to Clark said-the
`Administration would like to provide
assistance to forces, led by Jonas Sa-
vimbi, that are opposing Angola's'
Marxist government.
The purpose of the aid, the source-!'
said, wou!d be to occupy the estimat-
? ed 20,000 Cuban troops stationed in
Angola, preventing them from under-'
taking new adventures in Africa, par-
ticularly the possibility that they
might enter the Rhodesian conflict.
By helping . Savimbi, the source !1
said.. the Administration . thinks it
could "make itless attractive for the
Cubans to involve themselves else-
where."
' .The Proposed U.S_ aid to Savimbi
..The be channeled through a third.
caid. try, probably France, the source
However, for any aid to Savimbi to
be legal, repeal of the Clark amend-
went would be required, and Press
Secretary Powell said the President
had made no decision with regard to
the provision. . . .
Times Staff WrMsr
Clark told his press conference that :
he would strongly bppose repeal but
that he did not know what Congress
would do if,the President asked that
the amendment.be eliminated..... .
In an interview Tuesday, Clark had
said-that Carter's repeated criticisms
of::legislative restrictions on foreign
policy had convinced 'him, that the
President had decided "to reinvolve
the United States in the Angolan Civil
war" ....... l
This was disputed Wednesday by
Powell, who rejected suggestions;
"that the President has made some'.
sort of decision to plunge us into the
Angolan civil war."..
"I can assure you that ..:: it's not
the case, " Powell said.
Powell said Carter had no knowl- '
edge of the visits to Clark by Turner
and Aaron. In fact, the press secreta-
ry called it, "a reasonably routine
thing" for an Administration official
with a problem to confer with. "a sen-
ator who is. well known as a nexpert
in. this area and in addition had a par-
ticular interest in a particular mat-
tor, " .
Meanwhile, the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee, of which Clark is a
member, released a study challenging;
the impression generated by some
Administration -officials in -the. past
week that the President's foreign pol-
icy flexibility is sharply limited-by.a
-host of congressional restrictions....
"Applicable statutory restrictions;
on military involvement have pre-.
sented no obstacle to the achievement
of publicly announced United".States
objectives in Africa," the study said.
It noted that the only- African I
countries where U.S. military volvement is expressly barre law!
ate Angola and Ethiopia. There are,
however, restrictions on economic
assistance to some African nations, i
notably Angola, Mozambique and
Uganda. :.. ~: ~.
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ARTICLE APPEMED THE WASHINGTON POST
414 PACE. . 28 May 1978
;By-llurrey. Marder '
Washington Post Staff Writer
President Carter and ' Sov iet For-.
eigri. 'Minister Andrei A. Gromyko.,'
sharply-disagreed over African policy:'
yesterday, but the. Russian diplomat
expressed hope that the discord
would not derail completion of a new
nuclear arms limitation pact.
A public clash - more severe than
strategists on either side anticipated
-developed after Gromyko, emerged
-,from four hours of discussion at, the
White House, sounding '. 'relatively
optimistic about the 'grinding 'strate-
gic arms limitation talks (SALT).
C' When reporters ~. turned the ques-
nmg to African' issues, : however,
. .
omyko said:
Of course.we do have differ-
ences, and I-think - - that the infor-
mation which the president has at his
disposal is not correct-that is our as-
sessment.-.,
"We. have no intention of grabbing
either the whole of Africa or its parts.
."\We don't need it."
?
press secretary Jody
White House
PoN4l1 firmly countered; after
consul-tation,-that :".thez.president wishes to
:make it completely clear that there is
".? no doubt in, his' mind about the accu-
racy of the 'information which he has
.:received and which he has conveyed
publicly to the American people and
privately to the foreign minister."
Powell was referring to Carter's
statements in his Chicago press con-
ference on Thursday that Marxist An-
gola "must bear a heavy responsibility
'for the deadly, attack' *.into Zaire's
copper-mining Shaba :.Province, . and.
the -responsibility. , is . "shared, by
Cuba." The Carter administration has
charged.that Cuba trained the invad-
ers, who were armed with Soviet
Weapons. Carter added on Thursday
that unless the Kremlin leaders "show
dome constraints" in Soviet-Cuban ac-
'` f ' th t c uld "make it
ions in Arica, a o
much more difficult to conclude a
SALT agreement
Secretary of State Cyrus'R. Vance,
with Gromyko at his side at the con
elusion of talks at the. State' Depart- ,
.ment yesterday, said somberly:'
"I feel' I must take exception to the
statement that was made [by Gromy-
ko] following the meeting with the
president this morning.: where it was
indicated that the president did not.
have accurate information with re-
'spect to the situation in Africa.
-is- full and- accurately.; informed,',
'and I want to- -make this very clear.".
Gromyko, asked at the same time if
the United States and the Soviet Un-
ion are on a confrontation course
over Africa, replied,: ;
"I would not think that that should
happen. Both sides should [an Aineri-
can said the Russian word Gromyko
employed was more precisely translat-
able as "must"] conduct themselves in
a responsible way in that area of poli-
tics as well. '
"I would add to that, that there is
information-and information. And
sometimes' conclusions are. drawn
from incorrect and inexact informa-
tion. And that is bad."
Closing _ the exchange, `Gromyko-
added, with a strained chuckle to re-
porters, "And please don't involve me
in any more politics," as he. waved off.
the press, saying, genially, in. English,
"Goodbye, ladies and gentlemen."
Vance. announced that., another
meeting, with Gromyko will be held in--
New Yorks Wednesday "to carry on
discussions." There had been no ear-
lier hints of such a meeting..
This sudden scheduling has all the
diplomatic earmarks of a" " damage-re-
pair meeting to try to soften the sting
of yesterday's encounter.'. It. will re-
quire Vance to break into the sched-
ule of a major summit conference for
heads of government of the 15-nation
North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
which opens here Tuesday.
Vance said the Wednesday meeting
"would be more on the political side
than on the technical side". of the nu-
clear arms control talks:;:,, ::...... ?. . -
oOfjT-11.
While Gromyko did ' his ' utmost to
-sound upbeat about the nuclear por-
tions of yesterday's talks, saying they
helped to "narrow down the differ-
ences" and produced "some headway
on some parts of some of the ques-
tions," the attitude on the American
side was generally gloomy:- '..
Gromyko said the, Soviet Union ini-
tiated "certain proposals .and sugges-
tions " to try to break the impasse on
unresolved points in the four-year-old
negotiations, and "we-the Soviet Un-
ion, the Soviet leadership in general-
are certainly in favor.: of. an agree-
ment."
"We certainly stand for"peace in
.general, and for .peaceful' relations
%?with the United States ..'. ," Gromyko
stressed.'
Vance, however, bluntly said to re-
:porters immediately after his farewell
.to Gromyko that "I can't say that we
made much progress today, but we .
have to keep at it ... "
Asked if the latest Soviet sugges-
tions can overcome the remaining bar.',
riers for concluding a new ,limitation
on intercontinental missiles and bom
bers, Vance said Gromyko' "did make
:,"some new proposals" and '"some of
..them were substantive. -
But Vance. hardly sounded optiniis
tic. He said, "We've got to take a look
and see what 'these' suggestions are
that are on the table."
Powell said he would' concur ` in
.Gromyko's comment that the talks.on'
-nuclear issues showed "some narrow-
ing of differences in some areas." But?
-he declined to enocurage any'optim-
ism about the long-projected summit
conference in Washington,, this sum-
mer between Soviet leader Leonid I.
Brezhnev and Carter to sign a nuclear
:pact. f .,?? .. ''. I
He reiterated that "we are Willing:!
to sit down at any point," while "the :i
Soviet Union has maintained that they.
are not willing to sit down until some. I
sort of an agreement is reached:
Disappointment clearly registered
at the White House after the' talks;.
which began. there at: 8 a.m. and con=
tinued to 12:15 p.m. with a brief inter- .
_ruption for. Carter to chat with Rose'
Kennedy, mother of the late president
John F: Kennedy, and to introduce
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Powell told reporters "the discus-
sions were full and very frank"-a
diplomatic . euphemism to signify
blunt, or tough talks; he repeatedly
employed the symbolism "frank" or,
i
"very frank."
The discussion, he said, "covered a
number of important issues, including
SALT, comprehensive test ban i
[meaning a ban on all nuclear testing,
which would seal off the underground
testing permitted by the Soviet Union
and the United States since their
above-ground testing ban in 1953], Af-
rica and human rights."
Powell pointedly said that "the dis-
cussion on human rights was very di
rect and frank" and mentioned "exist-
ing cases ."
-Carter on Thursday said that con-
tinning Soviet "abuse" of human
rights and punishment of citizens
"monitoring". Soviet compliance with
human rights pledges can rebound,
along with - So viet-Cuban . adventur-
ism in Africa, against the sensitive
nuclear negotiations.
The recent Soviet conviction of dis-
sident Yuri Orlov, and pending pros-
ecutions of Alexander Ginzburg and
Anatoly Scharansky,, are weighing.
.heavily on the Carter administration.
For months. the administration and
the Soviet Union have engaged in
what amounts' to a semantic, diplo-
matic charade about whether this
means these issues are "linked" to a
new nuclear treaty. The charade was
continued yesterday, although at the
'same time it became almost totally
'transparent.
Gromyko, speaking of SALT and
Africa,. told ' reporters on the White
House lawn that "I think the sec-
retary of state would agree if I say
that neither side is linking these two
issues."
"That is correct," Vance said.
At the end of Powell's press brief-
' ing, however, he added a more real-
istic statement "just so there is not
any misapprehension or misunder-
standing about the question of my
response on, [similarly . disclaiming]
`linkage.' "
Powell said:
"As you know,-we have consistently
maintained that there is no. reason
to link those [subjects] directly in`
terms of refusing to reach agree-
ments that are in the interest of this
country in one ' area because' of dif-
ferences in.another.
"However, we have also said that
these differences in other areas can
have, and do have, an impact' on. the,
attitude of the American people to-?
ward the bilateral [American-Sovietl
relationship and its tone . . And
that point was also made in these
discussions. So although the answer
to the question [on linkage) is accu-
rate as we have said, I would riot
want-to mislead you that the other.
impact of these differences was - ig-
nored"
National. Security - Affairs. Adviser
Zbigniew Brzezinski, who participated
in yesterday's talks, is one of the
strongest advocates of what could be
more accurately described as officially
unacknowledged linkage. Some admin-
istration sources said the Carter-Gro-
myko meeting was timed to enable
Brzezinski to attend it after his recent
trip to China. .
Defense Secretary Harold Brown,
who had been regarded to be almost
as wary of. the hazards of linkage-as
Vance is known to be, also partici-
pated in the White House meeting,
which Carter left without making any
comment to the press.
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 x.Citing ~'?n dicti?ns '.Senators Ask
For Evidence . of Cuban Role in Zaire
By John M. Goshko public assertion that the rebels were flected doubts among committee!
Washington Post Staff Writer given Cuban, training and ,.Soviet members about Carter's charges.
The Senate Foreign Relations Com- weapons. Asked. when the training McGovern said: "I don't want to say
mittee asked the director of the Cen-' took place, Reston said, "The time I'm skeptical of what the president is
tral Intelli ence.A frame was directly leading up to the saying. But. I recognize a contradic-
~ .:. invasion.'.. ... . ;., .. ,... ,- -
g gency.yesterday for tion when I see one, and- I think it
the evidence that prompted President . However, some department officials should be cleared up." ~.; .
Carters' charges of"-Cuban involve-' are known to still have' doubts about McGovern, who met with Cuban
ment_in the rebel invasion of 'Zaire. . the reliability of the administration's Vice President Carlos Rafael Rodri-?=
The committee's request to Adm'-evidence. Some reportedly have said guez at the United Nations last week,"
Stansfield Turner :-came against a?- ? privately they believe Carter made his said the Cuban had assured him "in
background of confusion and*some= public charges as part of a White the strongest possible terms" that his
skepticism about the accusations made House campaign towin.;a loosening of country had "absolutely no involve-
by Carter on Thursday.' ? _ ' congressional restraints on actions the- 'went" with the Zaire invasion.
At a. Chicago press conference, the executive branch can take to counter "He. told me," McGovern added,
president asserted that Cuba had Soviet and Cuban influence in Africa. ?
helped to train. and equip. the-Angola- The confusion that these contradic- `.`is as Shakespeare said, `Much ado
based - rebels who. ,invaded Zaire's tions have caused became evident yes- .: - about nothing."' ?
Shaba' province. terday when Vance -testified at. - a : The senator said he and Rodriguez
Administration officials have said' closed session of the Senate. Foreign also had discussed Cuba's military.
role in, other' parts of Africa. Accord-
Carter's charges were based. on new Relations.Committee.
intelligence received by the White . ' Sen. George McGovern (D-S.D.) said ing to McGovern, Rodriguez said
House on Wednesday. However, . dur- afterward. that he called attention to . Cuba, which aided Ethiopia in its re-
'ing the 'past few days, different- ad-' official- Cuban government denials of cent conflict with Somalia, would not
ministration sources have given con- involvement in. Zaire and asked Vance ;take part militarily in Ethiopian ac-
flicting versions of the Cuban role in about the Carter charges. . . tions .against :rebels in Eritrea. prov-
the Zaire invasion. - Vance referred to new evidence," ince^`unless other foreign powers in=
THE WASHINGTON POST
ARTICLE APPEARED 27 May 1978
ON PAGE A-13
/T1
terday, is that Cuba helped train the
rebels. However, it.'is. known that
some factions within the' department
contend . that this assertion is
grounded in inadequate and unrelia-
ble intelligence.
-.On Wednesday night, a senior de-
partment official, in a background
briefing for- reporters who accompa-
nied Secretary of State - Cyrus ? -R.
Vance to New York, said he was not
.aware of any recent training provided.
the rebels by Cuba; '
In response to questions yesterday
.about 'whether that contradicted the
president's charges,-. . A . 'department
spokesman, Tom Reston, said the offi--
cial?had not.seen the new information
in; the. possession of the White House
when he 'spoke , to reporters Wednes
day night.
Reston said this fresh intelligence
.havkpcj. un. the, department's earlier.
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motion asking, for a written report on McGovern 'said Rodriguez took a
this evidence, according to McGovern different line in regard to Rhodesia,
and 'other committee sources, Vance where rebels operating, from neigh..
broke in to say that the new intelli-
gence had originated with the CIA .
and added: "I'd' prefef that you - get
the information-from Adm. Turner. Rodriguez said "if - Anglo-American_
The committee: then agreed ,unani mediation efforts - produce a. ' solution
mously to call -Turner to testify after to the "front-line":-African states sup-
the Senate returns from the . coming porting the. guerrillas, (tuba_will.-ac-
'week's recess. I i : announcing the ac- ' cept that result. Otherwise; he-' added,
tion, ' committee'::. Chairman:.. ,John . Cuba "reserves' the right' to help its.
Sparkman : (D-Ala.) denied that it. ze= friends" among the guerrilla forces.
transitional government moving Rho-'
desia toward black majority rule.
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 it
POLITICAL CIRCUIT
By ROBERT HEALY
THE BOSTON GLOBE
26 May 1978
The Carter Administration is beginning to make noises
`...like Henry Kissinger on its African policy. But the talk
appears to be just that - talk of the cold war nature with-
out any clear substance.
On the one hand the President told congressional lead-
ers last week that restrictions on emergency U S assis-
tance to friendly foreign countries hampered the Admin-
istration's efforts to aid nations.such as Zaire. Later, to a
::group of editors, the President. said he favored a lot of
,;'those constraints placed on him by the Congress.
It was revealed on Wednesday in the Washington Post
that CIA director Stansfield Turner earlier this month
:met with Sen. Dick'Clark "(D-Iowa) about possible covert
.'US military aid to rebels in Angola through a third coun-
`:;try. The rebels are fighting the troops of Angola's leftist
1central government.
Clark is the author of an amendment in 1975 which
i;restricts the President's use of covert operations in Ango-
:la without the express consent?of Congress.
White. House Press Secretary Jody Powell said
Y; Wednesday that the President had no knowledge Turner.
;.was meeting with Clark.
I
Finally,.there was the TV appearance on Sunday of UN
,''Ambassador Andrew Young on "Face the Nation" where
he said that congressional constraints have not hindered
i. the Carter Administration's efforts to provide limited aid
,`-to Zaire and other countries fighting Communist-backed
troops in Africa.
It's no wonder columnist Robert Shrum referred to the,
Carter Administration as the Ted Mack hour.'
In 1975, when Kissinger was urging thin' President
Gerald Ford'to fight the imposition of the Clark amend-?
ment restricting the President's right to engage in covert
operations and for a temporary commitment of aid to the
!"group the United States supported in Angola, everyone
",'knew clearly where Kissinger stood. And Kissinger him-
self was angry 'at the President for not making what he
considered a more'effective fight on Capitol Hill for they
\LL-~/
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE 23
Finally, by the end of last week, a Pentagon spokes-
man said there were "less than 100 Americans" on the:
ground at three airports in Zaire coordinating landings of,
American planes there. Earlier, Jody Powell had talked in
terms of a dozen or less people at one airport in Zaire.
foreign policy. For some time now the President's foreign
policy adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, has been talking
freely with members of the Senate about the need to coun-
ter Soviet influence in Africa. Specifically, American esti
mates put some 15,000 to 17,000 Cuban troops in Ethiopia
where they are, or could become involved in the 10-year=
old secessionist guerrilla war in the province'of Eritrea,
which borders theRed 'Sea, across from Saudi Arabia.
Further, the rebels who invaded Zaire from Angola t,
'challenge the Western-supported Zaire government are
believed by U.S.-intelligence experts to have been trained
by Soviet-supported Cuban troops. .
Brzezinski, -T-cold warrior much like Kissinger, would,
like to counter' this Soviet influence. Just how far h
:would go is not clear as the actions of the Administration
.have shown during the last week.'
President Carter; during the campaign, was critical of
*the secret commitments of Kissinger and he promised
"there would be none. .
Further, it is the, broad position of Ambassador Young
that. any kind of military involvement; either by the Sovi
ets or the US; is a. losing proposition.
But one gets that uneasy feeling'that the Administra-
tion isn't sure what it is doing in Africa.
I
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l1RTICIE 27 MAY 1971
ON"r-
'.SENATORS ASK PROOF
THAT CUBA HAD ROLE:
IN INVASION OF ZAIRE
y
r
w
e
speewtoTn.ieew"MInaa !connection with: their 'aid , to.'Angolan ;
ministration,: in keeping with its practice
WAS May 26-The Senate I forces, and give them Soviet 'arms; of protecting intelligence sources, refused
Foreign Relations Committee asked the I f But the Administration, in pact to.justi- to divulge how its information was: re-
-'
GWERTZMAN: , .::._ if a, newspaper had even one or two of
By train some Katangans sometime, ago; in th 'reorts "
+
ou'd
un
ith " Th Ad
agreed to a request by Senator-George'
yesterday that Cuba.had played a behind-
the-scenes role in the, recent invasion of.
i Zaire by rebel forces based.in'Angola.
In a closed-door hearing with Secretary
of State Cyrus R.' Vance, the committee .
Administration today to produce'evidence
to back, up President Carter's contention,.
rMcGovern, Democrat of South- Dakota,
for a full.. airing .of the President's
charges.
Mr. Vance was asked about Mr. Carter's
statement that Cuba had . trained and
equipped . the invaders". knew about the
invasion and 'did. nothing to prevent it.
The Secretary reportedly said the com- -
mittee should address its inquiries, to the,.
Central Intelligence Agency, the source
of the irronnation
For the last .week, the Carter Admims-
Administration Accuses Cuba
As a result, the committee decided to
hear testimony from Adm. Stanfield
Turner, Director of.Central Intelligence,
after the Memorial Day recess.
any. direct or indirect involvement Reston, said. today that.fresh information
con-
Senator. McGovern, who just returned f rm deethe Adm nistrationesdn''s . contention
from the opening of the United Nations-, earlier . that the Cubans had recently
special. session on disarmament, said that trainecland equipped the Katangans: ; ?,,..
Vice . President . Carlos Rafael. Rodriguez A highly placed official said, however,
rrauon nas oven acV smg %.UD6 VT Piny"ug 1 ;porters covering Mr. Vance's. trip' were
a substantial role in the invasion, even ! told that he had no specific information
though President. Fidel Castro and other. linking the Cubans to events in Zaire.
Cuban officials have emphatically denied But a State Department spokesman, Tom
of Cuba had: told him.in New'York yester-?.
day -that there was 'no Cuban involve.:.
ment', Earlier, Mr McGovern' had -been
told the same thing by Cuba's senior dipo
lomat? in Washington, '.,Ramon : Sinchee,
Parodi.
Mr. McGovern said he was raising the
issue because it was crucial for the com-
mittee to know.Cuba's role in.Africa.and
to find.'out whether Cuban :offi6als:,or.
the Administration was.telling the truth.:
He said it, was important because several.
public figures, including'tormer President
Gerald R. Ford, were urgina.that the talks
"on strategic arms be sitspended.,beeause,
of Cuban ,and Soviet involvement in Afri-
ca.
Other members of the committee were
concerned that the President was seeking
more freedom' of action in foreign affairs
and was using the Cuban issue to argue
for changes in the law...:, , .
The question of Cuban, involvement in
the Zaire fighting has been hotly disputed
within the''Administration. Some officials
A staff study by the Foreign Relations
Committee found that economic aid; was
barred for only two countries in Africa,,
Angola --and Mozambique. Some other
countries can receive aid if the President
'declares. it..to be in -the , United States'
national interest:' Mr. Vance-would- like
all prohibitions by .country removed so
The :
stack of papers is three inches
contend 'that: 'it' is impossible to:' prove
that the Cubans did anything more than' high," one source said, contending that
y merican participation in the French ceived. .,
and Belgian airlift to Zaire, has suggested - / A "C.I.A. spokesman said there'. `was
a direct Cuban role. Mr. Carter, in a' news ~"very.., hard, recent' evidence that :the
conference in Chicago, said the Angolan 'Cubans have been both - training and
Government bore "heavy responsibility'; equipping the'Katangese."
for the attack launched from its territory- __-Another', official said there was' no
and it's a burden and, a' responsibility specific new evidence but that an inten-
shared by Cuba" sive C.LA. review of previous intelligence
7 '
f
"We believe that Cuba had known-of tne- naianga.ns; mat me Kussians nad
the Katangan plan to invade and obvious- equippd t em and that the Angolans had
sanctuary.
ly did nothing to restrain them from given them "One has to assume that they a61 knew
!'crossing the border," he said. "We also th
h
n
'
e Katanga
at t
s
only goal in life was
know that the Cubans have played a key to go, across. the border and shoot up
gaps role in who training atttacked.edd" equipping the Katan- Shaba Province from where they all; had
Mr. McGovern, when asked by report- originated, the official said.
era about Mr. Carter's comments, said: In his news conference, Mr. Carter'also
"I don't want to say I am skeptical of complained about Congressionally.:; im-
what the President is saying. I recognize posed "limitations on his power. The
a contradiction when I see it." issue came up during Mr. Vance's appear-
Mr. Vance, who is having critical talks ance, and the Secretary reportedly sug-
with Foreign Minister- Andrei A. Gromyko gested that the :Administration needed a
of the Soviet Union on limiting. strategic coniiingency fund for military 'assistance
arms, was before the committee to brief to.friendly countries in emergencies.
them on' the negotiations and` said noth- Outlook for Change
ing to. reporters about the controversy ~ngress in recent ' years has provided
over the Cubans.'` funds for an' onom tin f d
ec is con
n
en
un
b
cy
Administration Denials:
but has. insisted.upon specific. advance
In New York on Wednesday night, re- authorization for military help.
to different interpretations and that theft* legislation:
that if a country such-as Angola changes
policy;.,"i- 'can; .be rewarded ' quickly .by
the President.. without..:waiting, for new
was no evidence that: the.' Cubans had
instigated the attack. ' ?
The demand.by the: Foreign Relations
Committee for, evidence of Mr. Carter's
allegations provoked denials that the Ad-'
ministration: had. manufactured the con-
cern. Although ? some officials remained
unconvinced, others-with more complete
access to intelligence information insisted
that the cumulative impact of the data
was- ".overwhelming"- in indicating that
the 'Cubans had 'strongly -abetted the
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' ATICLE APPEARED SLWSWEEK
ON PAGE June 1978
(ID
n a convoy of stolen cars and trucks, the
Katangan rebels pulled out of Zaire
last week, crossed through neighboring
Zambia and returned to their sanctuaries
in Marxist Angola. Back in Kolwezi, the,
shattered Zairian mining town, French
Foreign Legionnaires and Belgian para-
troopers wound up their rescue mission
and began to withdraw. But Jimmy Carter
was still on the offensive. "The govern-
ment ofAngola must bear a heavy respon-
sibility for the deadly attack which was
launched from its territory, and it's a bur-
den and a responsibility shared by
Cuba," Carter declared at a press confer-
ence in Chicago. "We believe that Cuba
had known of the Katangan plan to invade
and obviously did nothing to restrain
them from crossing the border. We also
know that the Cubans have played a key I
role in training and equipping the Katan-
gans who attacked."
Some Administration officials still
.questioned the extent of Cuban involve-
nt in the Zaire invasion. But in Kol-
last week, NEWSWEEK's Arnaud de
hgrave interviewed two Katangan
prisoners who said that Cuban advisers
had accompanied them into Zaire's
Shaba Province (page 53). Carter insist-
ed that he needed a freer hand to "com-
pete peacefully" with the Cubans and
their Soviet sponsors and ordered a study
of Congressional restrictions on military
and economic aid to African nations. An-
other study under way at the State De-
partment and National Security Council
foreshadowed new forms of U.S. pres-
sure on Cuba.
Alarm over the. Cuban thrust was not
confined to the U.S. Last week, in re-
sponse to ' Cuban activities in Africa,
Canada discontinued its program of aid
to Havana, which has totaled nearly $15
million since 1972. In Paris, French
President Valery Giscard d'Estaing held
a summit conference of twenty Afri-
can leaders-including Zaire's Presi-
dent Mobutu Sese Seko-to organize a
pan-African peace-keeping force for
Zaire. Giscard then met with Carter in
Washington and pressed for more U.S.
help in Africa.
HORROR AND HOSTAGES
in Zaire, the retreating Katangan in-
I t)ers left behind a trail of death and
,.,iastation. Casualty figures were far
from complete, but an estimated 1,000
Africans had died, and almost 100 whites
11
had been massacred. And when the reb-
els withdrew, they took as many as 60
European hostages with them. No one
knew when Kolwezi's vital copper mines
would be back in production, and there
was strong doubt that Zaire's inept army
could protect the region. But the French-
inspired African peace-keeping force
was slowly taking shape; a vanguard of
Moroccan troops had already arrived.
On the Zambian side ofthe border, Bill
Campbell, a free-lance photographer on
assignment for NEWSWEEK, watched
loot-laden Katangans race toward Angola.
"Near the town of Ikelenge we came
upon four Katangan rebels, " Campbell
reported. "The leader wore a brown pin-
stripe jacket, and around his neck hung a
radio-cassette player loaded with a Ray
Connifftape.'Do you have hostages with
you?' asked a reporter. 'Many men, wom-_
en and children,' replied the leader.
'They are behind us and will be traveling
to Angola.' Thousands of Zambians.
turned out to cheer the Katangans. Said
one villager: 'They are good fighters and
have much magic'."
In Kolwezi, fear and death still.;
stalked the city. Black townspeople be-
gan to return to their homes, but few
whites were left. The French command-
er, Col. Yves Gras, complained they had
been driven away by "a psychosis of
fear." But at least some of the fears were
justified. "I had to take refuge in the
Kolwezi airport one night because Zair-
ian troops had gone on a drunken ram-
page in town," NEWSWEEK'S James
Pringle reported from Kolwezi. "At!
dawn the next morning, the Zairian
troops guarding the airport opened up
with a fifteen-minute barrage of gunfire
against attackers who existed only in
their imagination. A French officer had
to hit them on their helmets with the
butt of his rifle to get them to stop
firing-which they had been doing with
their eyes squeezed shut. 'Kolwezi is
finished,' the officer told me. 'Two days
after we leave, all hell will break
loose'."
MOSTLY JAWBONING '
In an effort to hold Zaire together,
Giscard presented Carter with some spe-
cific proposals at a dinner meeting late
last week. The French President wanted
the U.S. to support the pan-African
peace-keeping force and to contribute to
two economic-development funds, one
for Zaire itself and another, totaling $1
billion, for Africa as a whole. The Admin-
istration's response was noncommittal in
detail, but Carter promised some form of
"concerted action" with the French.
So far, U.S. policy on the Soviet threat
in Africa was mostly a matter of jawbon-
ing. Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gro-
myko visited Washington last week for
further talks on a second-stage strategic
arms limitation treaty, and Carter said at ;
his news conference that he did not want
to abort that process by "linking" SALT
to Africa. Instead, he issued another
warning that the Soviet thrust in Africa
"will make it much more difficult to
conclude a SALT agreement and to have
it ratified once it is written."
Despite .Carter's verdict on Cuba's-1
role, U.S. officials still disagreed on the
extent of Havana's responsibility for the
Zaire invasion. Some State Department
officials insisted there was no evidence
of recent contact between the Cubans
and the Katangans. And at a United Na-
tions conference on disarmament last
week, Cuban Vice President Carlos Ra-,
fael Rodriguez told Sen. George McGo-
vern: "I give you my word, on my honor,
that our forces had nothing to do with the
Katanga operation." In blaming Cuba,
the Administration seemed to be relying
in part on French intelligence reports
which came, NEWSWEEK learned, from
agents of UNITA, the anti-Marxist guer-
rilla movement in Angola.
Hard-liners in Washington, including
national-security adviser , Zbigniew
Brzezinski, wanted the U.S. to act vigor-
ously against the Cubans. \earl;?: a~
monthago the directorofthe . FGI Stans-
Du. I. t. aI o '' o~Vdi 'i e' u ~e l p ani Or*
Administration, led by Secretary of State
Cyrus Vance and U.S. Ambassador An-
drew Young, favor what Young calls "a ;
steady, quiet approach" involving eco-
i
id t
Afri
th
ti
t
nom
c a
o
can na
ons
a
might be weaned away from the Soviet-
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PRESSURE ON HAVANA
Carter rejected any use of UNITA to
stir up trouble for Cuba in Angola. But he
seemed on the verge of putting more
pressure on Havana through economic
actions. Vance, for one, believes that
cutting off the flow of American tourists
to Cuba could be a first step. And al-
though the U.S. already has an embargo
on trade with Cuba, its allies could exert
still more pressure. "We didn't exactly
discourage the Canadians from cutting
aid to Havana," said an Administration
aide. Beyond that, the study being pre-
pared by the State Department and NSC
suggests that other allies could be asked
to reduce their trade with Cuba, halt aid
programs and limit technology transfers.
"The way to get at the Cubans is through
the Europeans," said a high State De-
partment official. Such policy decisions
were still to be made, but it was clear that
Jimmy Carter has had enough of Cuba's
armed challenge in Africa.
-ANGUS DEMING with JAMES PRINGLE in Kotwezi, SCOTT
SULLIVAN in Washington and bureau reports
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 ARTICLE AP Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP05SO062OR000501240001-9
IX 27 MAY 1978
Hill Pane9 Asks Proof
Of Cuba We in Zaire
cided yesterday to demand CIA evidencevthat I
would back up President Carter's.'claim of Cuban
involvement in the recent invasion of Zaire :by
Katangan rebels. 'i.:
The committee , requested such proof from
Secretary. of: State Cyrus Vance'during'a' closed-
door meeting on the U.S: Soviet arms limitation
talks. But Vance told the senators it`was the CIA,
not the State Department, which had the evidence..
Sen. George McGovernD-S.D., who disclosed
the committee action to. reporters, quoted Vance
as having told the. panel he "would prefer that.
we'd interrogate them (the CIA). ,;
He.said_the senators agreed to call of CIA Direc
tor Stansfield Turner for an explanation. W -did
not say 'whether an actual vote was. taken, but
there was "no question that the entire' committee
supported the request.'.'.
Cuban officials, including President Fidel Cas
tro, deny that Cuban forces in Angola had any.role
in the invasion of ' Zaire's Shaba' province by
Katangan rebels operating from Angola. '.
Dozens of Europeans and many African"resi-
dents of Shaba were. killed, injured or left home-
less before the invasion: was quelled by French and
Belgian paratroopers.. ,
McGovern told reporters he personally had been
assured twice by the Cubans - first by the chief of
their diplomatic-interest section here and again on,
Thursday by Cuban Vice President. (Carlos Ra-
fael) Rodriguez at the United Nations'-.that there
.was no Cuban involvement in the Zaire episode.
In addition, McGovern' recalled that Castro last
week called.in the senior,. U.S. diplomat in Havana,.
Lyle Lane, to deny Cuban involvement in Zaire.
Carter said Thursday': that the United States
knows that "the Cubans. have played a, key role in
training and equipping` the RKatangans, who at-`
,
t k d
.... ,,
ace . .::... ,;
Asked whether he 'personally believed' the
Cubans rather than Carter;` McGovern !replied
"I'm not passing judgment.. But I know a contra-
diction when I see. one..I think it's time for, the
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 STAT
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o
- &el
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:qw
 Llil. i
a' `p
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ON AG-.~S-A~t D
ON PAGE ?
NEW YORK TIMES
1 JUNE 1978
ress Is Accused of Laxity on-C:I A
By. SEYMOUR M.,. HERSH
Some members of Congress and Wash-:
ington officials are .openly expressing
concern about what they.`say are weak='
nesses in the Congressional control a'nd',
monitoring . of the Central Intelligence
Agency's covertactiviities.ove'rseas. . ?
They cite . as evidence the willingness,::
of the Senate and House-intelligence com-
mittees to approve clandestine operations----
in such sensitive regions. as the Middle .
East and Africa .without serious question-
At least three" such operations involving..
the shipment of communications equip- '
ment to Egypt and. the Sudan and an anti-,
Cuban, propaganda program in'the Horn'
of Africa, were approved by the commit- .
tees last fall, according to well-placed
sources
Some legislators were known to have
had subsequent misgivings about at least
one operation, .but no, objections were
voiced at the time, the same sources said."
There is no.legisllation barring the C.I.A.
from engaging in covert activities abroad,
,but the quick endorsement by 'the Senate
and. House intelligence committees last
,year of the three covert operations dis-
concerted some members of Congress
who' had 'already raised questions about
Cl11r vario us command-and-control . mech--?
sms set up in the wake of the C.I.A.
omestic c spying scandals, The Times's
sources said.
The C.I.A.'s operations were approved,
as they must be before being submitted
to Congress, by President Carter and the
Special Coordinating Committee, his new
Cabinet-level group that reviews and ;as-
sesses all clandestine activity. The coor=
dinating committee is-headed by Zbig-
niew Brzezinski, the. onational security
adviser.: .
ro Cover the Waterfront';:
Members . of the. - Senate ;. Intelligence
Committee acknowledged in recent inter.
views . that the . process. of ' gaining the
'right to complete oversight . over the
C.I.A: s . activities was- a slow one and
not yet been completed. But they insisted,
as, one senior` aide said, that "in every
area of intelligence activity. the commit-
tee will . be. able to, cover.the waterfront
from tap to bottom."
....::...
The broad question of Congressional
control 'over the C.I.A.'s covert activities
has been raised repeatedly since the spy-
ing scandal. One immediate solution was.
to expand to eight the number of Con-
gressional committees entitled to briefings
on such activities. In practice, however;
an inquiry by The, Times -showed that
while the full membership.of the Senate
and House intelligence ' committees was
briefed,, only a few. members of the other
ix committees. were informed of the
,'overt operations and usually after, the,
act.
? Because of the past controversy over
the agency's' involvement in Chile and
l elsewhere,. some -members, -of Congress
and Administration officials are known
to believe, the security for such operation
is all the more fragile and thus, the ac
tivities riskier.
Covert Activity
For example, the existence-of the clan-
destine, operations in the Middle East and
Africa was disclosed as President Carter
and key Administration aides are becom-
ing involved in an increasingly public
debate over Congressional restrictions
and prohibitions' on foreign involvements.
".New U.S. Role in Angolan War Seen..
', 'Senator Dick Clark; Democrat of Iowa,
told reporters last week that he believed
the Carter. Administration was consider-
ing a re-entryinto the Angolan civil war
by clandestinely supplying arms, through
the French, to a pro-Western faction
there: 'And the President was quoted as
having made clear to some senators that
he would support a repeal of legislation
barring the .United' States from aiding a
1 pro-Western faction in Angola.:,,.
. . .?
.,The covert. operations, all approved
sometime last fall, included the delivery
of clandestine radio and other 'communi-
cations equipment to President Anwar'el
Sadat of Egypt and to President Gaafar
al-Nimeiry of the Sudan..:.: , ?
In ' addition, the C.I.A.: organized an
anti-Cuban propaganda operation during
intensified fighting between Ethiopia and
insurgents In Eritrea. ....,
' ' As 'explained by Administration `offici=
als, the equipment' provided to Mr. Sadat
last year was part of a continuing C.I.A.
project to: supply him with a _ personal
communications system for safety. '
- The Administration- officials .,said that,
Mr. Sadat had requested. th
e.equipmenti
so he could communicate - with liis per .
sonal aides without others -presumably.
`I
' In' the Egyptian militarybeing able.'to
eavesdrop. . . , . _ . . ..
The equipment was ? said to have cost
;less than $500,000 and perhaps as little
as $350,000. It was described as part of
a five-year or six-year multimillion-dollar
communications program, now in its final
stage. ? '
Similar equipment" 'was' 'reportedly
provided earlier to leaders of the Israeli
Government
Administration officials explained that
Mr. Sadat considered the C.I.A. equip-
ment as "very personal" and it wag at
his direct request .that it was provided'
secretly.
CONTINUED
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 One-well-placed official expressed dis-
may during an interview over the fact
that the Senate and House intelligence
committees, .which investigated the C.I.A.
scandals in 1975, had now routinely ap- i
dulum is swinging back," . he said.
A .Loophole Was Found
how effectively the Senate and House'
intelligence committees have been,'. in
monitoring -covert-C.I.A. activities is. A
procedural dispute that- is now under
study by the-National Security Council
'According to a number' of .. Adminis
tration officials. and members -of . Con-
-greys, a .,basic!-' monitoring tool :? 'for
Congress is . the . 1974 Hughes-Ryan.
Amendment,. which states-that no covert
`C.I.A. operation can `be carried out unless
the President makes."a finding -that :the
operation is important to' national secu-
rity. The 'proposed activity then ms sub-
mitted to the House' and .Senate' intelli:
gence . committees for approval. before
being carried out
: "
What some members .of Congress are'
known to consider, z as a loophole
. ;was quickly found: In January 1975, less ?
than a month after the' amendment was
approved: by Congress, 'President. Gerald
;:R. Ford issued a:-series of secret "world-
widefindings" that determined in' ad-
vance that any C.I.A.'clandestine opera-
tion dealing with narcotics, terrorism or
counterintelligence was prima facie nn
portant to national security.
President Carter endorsed that inter-
pretation shortly after taking office last
year, well-placed sources said.
In other-words, the' sources said, the
C.I.A. did not'. need formal 'approval to
begin overseas' operations in those three
categories of clandestine, activity.
Some members of Congress, inter-
viewed in recent weeks complained that
the' worldwide findings were ? "vague
and "open-ended
end insert a pu2lgraf "Complicating..:
insert b cia sub for grafs 27-30 strtg
"Anytime..."'.
One legislator noted, 'for. example; that
under the 'current' interpretation'.-the
C.I.A. theoretically could mount a propa-
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ance from Congress-in . connection wittz:_
~a narcotics'investigation -
Another legislative official conceded(
that the worldwide findings were-.vaigue,i
^but cotddhlehhe
nene, nonetess, tat te Sn-:
ate, and House. intelligence' committees,
confronting the committees was one` of. ,
wide finding, the legislator'added, should
not deter th e ? committees.. from fulfilling I
gate -the C.I.A. '. overseasr to insure that: `'s'
no: improper activities were taking place. ;..,'
As of today; a' number of sources"said, ?
'has the largest staff for such work:in
~. signed to that area
Because of some corimplaints, .:the
sources said the National Security Couna j;
..
cil is now ,.trying to : rewrite. the world ;
wide findings into a. -more specii'ic.:j
"Omnibus" : finding. -It-.would `specifically;
cite, the kinds of terrorism,.narcotIcs:4r.
counterintelligence "activities 'that wiiiiiir s
tional'securit ' and, thus; woulo'not
Congressional approval. The new findi:i
is expected to be proposed imnf
miney, ..
sources said 4 _
Another potential- Hughes-Ryan 1o'dj
hole cited by some members of Congres
dealt with language 'ii he' legislat or
,.
that-specifically exempts:C.I.A.."activities.,
;on. tneir assets. 'doing: intelligence'.colhw_
n:~,
FgI A secretly. ;was .being told by the
:briefings as'merely conducting ".intelii;
Bence. collection"-an. activity outside.;
menL. ~:.w
"Takes C LA, asset-In-:the'. field." arie-a
-you #'::,counterintelligence:..:: informati9p;r;'.
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29 Nlay 1978
Rigid clamps placed on secretU.S. in-'
telligence operations by a fearful Con-
gress- forced . the Central Intelligence
Agency to 'reject a top-priority. request
for help from Italy in that nation's agony
during, the abduction and. murder of
Aldo Moro by left-wing terrorists.
The request,was delivered to the CIA
by CESIS, a secret liaison arm of Italy's.,
.'intelligence service. It asked assistance
from the CIA in dealing. with the men-
ace of the Red Brigades, Christian Dem-'
ocratic. leader Moro's kidnappers and
later murderers. .
In an earlier era, such a 'request to be
helped by what used to be the Western)
world's most effective, intelligence ,or-1
ganization. would have been instantly
and routinely met. Not so today. Bur-
dened with restrictions' imposed by
}ongress and targeted as enemy No. 1
y. some of. its own former operatives,
the CIA was finally compelled to say no
to CESIS
CIA Director Stansfield Tu r and;
'his legal advisers wrestled with the re-
quest for two weeks.before rejecting. it.
Theoretically,, they might have ruled
the 'other way, without running afoul
of the law.
I
-.Theirfear, however went-:deeaer
than 'the. cold print of the law. They
feared; probably- rightly,-- that even if
CIA's clandestine help to Italy in a mo-
ment of extreme agony had been ruled
technically. legal, the chance of dis-
covery , by unfriendly congressional
sleuths could have fanned, it into an-
.other political expose- That this was
neither, subverting a legally elected
government nor intruding.in another
country's election made no difference.
The law is clear. Signed Dec. 30 1974,
it prohibits all`undercover' "operations
in foreign countries," other than rou-
tine intelligence gathering, "unless and
until the president finds that each such
operation is important to the national
security. of. the United' States." Each
clandestine operation must be reported
I to .. literally dozens of congressmen:
)nembers of. the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions and House International Relations
committees; as well as the two intelli-
gence committees::
Despite softening of the anti-CIA mood
in Congress, fear of political attack that
might . damage President Carter, Adm:
Turner and the CIA itself dictated ex-
treme caution in replying to Rome.
An affirmative reply, had. it. come,
would have required days or, even a
week more in a situation where speed
was imperative if Moro was to be saved.
I
The 1974 law, written by former sena-
tor Harold Hughes (D-Iowa) and Rep.
Leo Ryan, (D-Calif.), requires a full-
fledged meeting of the National Secu-
rity Council and, a specific presidential.;
directive to the CIA before any clandes-
tine operation can be . started. Then I
comes notification of the four congres-
sional committees. -
The only exception is a. "generic"1
presidential finding that permits clan-
destine CIA help in dealing with "inter-
national" 'terrorism. The ::-president
made that finding months ago. But CIA]
` ' lawyers, agonizing over Italy's request
for help,. could not . absolutely. prove
that the. Moro-Red.. Brigades: case.in-
volved "international" terrorism...
"Sure,' one administration. official
told us, "we know that the, Red Brig-
ades are 'armed : with. communist-bloc
guns, but that isn't easy to prove. Sure,
we are pretty.. certain they get training
in Eastern Europe, but.we,?don't have,
absolute proof." Lacking proof of inter-
nationalization, the, witch-hunt atmo-
sphere that-, has dominated Capitol
Hill's handling of the CIA the past few
years called for extreme cautton
With great reluctance, Tutner said
no to his Italian counterparts.' Insteadl:
of gaining access. to the: CIA's expertise,'
the Italian. government accepted overt
assistance from a single State'Depart-
ment psychiatrist, who went to Rome
and performed creditably in advising
the Italian 'government 'on psychologi-
cal aspects of the case-
,.: . Tliese tragic overtones of 'CIA impo=tence in a matter' of extreme urgency
. . to Italy go far beyond Italy alone. In the;
past, U.S. intelligence would have been.
on the scene helping, to unlock the!
secrets of the Red Brigades; it would]
also .have been the .beneficiary-?of in-i
valuable, on-the-spot information about
the Red Brigades and about methods of
Italian intelligence.
Exposure to such details is the heart
and soul of the intelligence game,*per-
: mitting the .U.S. agents to compile] a
record that some day could be essential
,in uncovering future terrorist oper'a.
tions-perhaps in the United- States it-
self. But the CIA's hands were tied in a
case demanding speed, courage and pow
litical support. The result: a costly de- I
feat in the war to preserve democratic
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_d-
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APPS D
Soviets Bud .
U.S. Embassy
In Moscow
Associated Press
WASHINGTON STAR (GREEN LINE)
2 JUNE 1978
mats were concerned that the bug
ging equipment could have been
monitoring the neighboring central
wing. That section houses. the highly
sensitive offices of Ambassador Mal-
colm Toon.
Thomas Reston, the State Depart-
ment's associate spokesman, said
earlier that the devices were found
May 25 and that a protest has been
lodged with the Soviet Foreign Minis
try in Moscow.
Reston, however, declined to give
details about the devices or. how they
were found.
The electronic gear was discov-
ered ,during one of the routine se-
curity searches conducted regularly
because of the history of Soviet espio-
nage activity involving the embassy,
one official. said. .. .
. The microphones, discovered by a
wrecking crew after U.S. suspicions
had been aroused by several clues,
were found on the embassy's 8th, 9th
and 10th floors and lower apart-
ments.
An administration official said yes-
terday that the chimney runs through
the embassy and added that the
antenna was located in the upper
part of the building although he was
uncertain where the rest of the equip-
ment was discovered.
AFTER FINDING 'the equipment,.
American embassy officials followed
a cable down the, chimney and.
through a tunnel that led to Soviet
property, he said.
"There was regular physical pene-
tration of the embassy by Soviets
without the knowledge of the United
States," he said. "They would come
through the tunnel and up the chim-
ney."
U.S. officials have built a barrier
in the tunnel near the embassy's.
property line to "keep the Russians
out," he said.
Although the exact nature of the
equipment was unknown, the official
said it apparently was not limited to
eavesdropping devices.
"WE'RE. STILL trying to figure
this puzzle out," the official said.
"We're doing a technical assessment
of the problem right now. But it
might take some time to determine.
precisely how it (the equipment).
works." .
He added that the.. equipment
might. be linked to. the mystery of
why the Russians have frequently
beamed low-level microwaves at the
embassy. . .
Authorities have been concerned
that excessive microwave radiation
could result in health problems for
U.S. personnel serving in the
embassy.
Some officials have also specu-
lated that the microwave bombard-
ment could be connected with intelli-
gence. gathering activities, possibly
supplying power to spy equipment
concealed in the embassy.
In a similar case, the State Department. disclosed on May 19, 1964, that i
at least 40 microphones. were found
hidden in the walls of the U.S.
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Electronic devices of "an intelli-`
gence gathering nature" were dis-
covered in a chimney of the U.S..
Embassy in Moscow last week, ad
ministration officials said last night.
One official, who asked not to be
named, said the espionage equip
ment represented a "fairly serious
penetration of our embassy." .
He said the electronic gear was
apparently regularly maintained by
Soviet technicians, who entered the
embassy by crawling through a tun-:,
nel and then climbing up the chim-
ney.
The official said the electronic
equipment, which included a large
antenna, was being analyzed. He
added that a "damage assessment"
of possible information obtained by
the Soviets was under way.
U.S. officials in Moscow said a
Soviet agent was discovered before a
bank of electronic equipment moni-
toring information from the device
when wiring from it- was traced
through the tunnel to a nearby apart-
ment building. When discovered, the
man fled, officials said. .
THE CHIMNEY is adjacent to the
embassy's south wing,, which houses I
junior employees and does not have a
high security rating, but U.S. diplo-
 ARTICLE APPEARED
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THE WASHINGTON POST
2 June 1978
Secret Bugging Shaft Found in Il. S. Mission; in Mosco'Nv
By Dan Fisher
Los Angeles Times
MOSCOWV-A secret shaft contain-
ing sophisticated listening and trans-
mitting devices was discovered in the
south wing of the U.S. Embassy in
Moscow last Week by workers doing
some remodeling, it was learned
here.
[State Department spokesman Tom
Reston confirmed last night that
"electronic devices. of an intelligence-
gathering nature" were discovered
in the embassy May 25 and said
that an official protest has been
lodged with the Soviet Foreign Min-.
It could not-be learned' yesterday)
whether the gear discovered in the!
.Secret shaft might be connected with
the microwaves. The principal piece
of equipment retrieved from the shaft
reportedly was a dish-shaped instru-
ment believed to be _a` transmitter-
receiver.
The south wing where the vertical
shaft was discovered is composed
mostly of apartments for embassy
secretaries and other staff personnel.
No apartment there Is assigned to
high-ranking embassy. officers.
The offices of the mission's science
section are on the first floor of the
wing. They were moved there after a
fire last summer that gutted most of
the floors in the key central section
of the building and severly damaged
two more.
The top floor of the south wing
also contains the headquarters . for
diplomats assigned to oversee con-
struction of a new U.S. Embassy for'
'which preparations are under way.
The secret shaft extends from -the
basement all the way to the seventh
and highest floor of the wing, it is
understood.
Whether the electronic- instruments
in the shaft could have compromised
security in the embassy's central wing
depends on how sophisticated they,
are, one source suggested. With the
proper equipment, this source said,
it may even be possible to duplicate
a letter or memo based on the sounds
that the different typewriter keys
make as they strike the paper.
According Ito' one report, work-
men have now blocked off the tunnel
and removed' .the listening: ;devices
from the shaft. ? While it, was, open,
however; the tunnel apparently gave
the Soviets secret access at least to
the embassy's south wing..
It is apparently unknown how long
the tunnel and secret shaft have ex-
;isted._ The_ building that houses the
embassy was originally an apartment
house. Soon after completion, it was
converted by. a Soviet military con-
struction battalion and turned over
to the Americans in 1952.
In 1961 more than 40 "bugs" with
pin-sized microphone heads were.
found to have been imbedded in the
walls behind the upright fins of
hot-water radiators in the building.
The location guaranteed that they,
would not be sealed by any of. the five
coats of paint. put on bsi U.S. secur-
ity officials, since ' they 'Were in a'
place virtually impossible for the
painters to reach. ..i
In the mid-1950s, the Great Seal;
of the United ' States that hung on,
the. wall behind the ambassador's
desk was found to have been fitted
with a microphone and miniature ra-
dio transmitter. _ . _
The shaft is connected to a pre-
viously unknown underground tunnel
beneath the wing which leads in the.
direction of. neighboring Soviet apart-
ment and office buildings, according
to reliable embassy sources. -
When an embassy security employe
crawled into the tunnel to investigate it,
he reportedly encountered a Russian
who scrambled swiftly toward the oppo-
site end. It had been speculated that the
Eintruder was in the process of remov-
ng wires and other' electronic gear
from the tunnel.
Discovery of the secret shaft and
tunnel comes at a time when U.S.
policy toward the Soviet Union is un-
der its most fundamental review inl
several years. The continuing military
buildup within the Soviet Union and!
in Eastern Europe coupled with So-i
viet and Cuban activity in Africa have
caused a noticeable negative shift in
American attitudes toward the Krem-'
lin.
The discovery also comes during a
critical stage in negotiations toward a
new strategic arms limitations treaty
(SALT). Soviet Foreign Minister An-
drei .Gromyko and Secretary' of State
Cyrus? Vance concluded the latest
.round of SALT talks in New York on
Wednesday._
This newest evidence of Soviet
eavesdropping here follows the reve-
lation early 'in 1976 that the Soviet
were beaming microwaves at the em
bassy in an apparent effort to liste
in on conversations. There was also
Soviet speculation at the time that
the radiation beams were'intended to
disrupt U.S. equipment on the em-
bassy roof that was designed to pick
up radio transmissipns.
>' It is believed, that radiation is still
iamed at the embassy's tops floors,
although at low.. levels. ?
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-ARTICLE A? AYZD
--'GE
NEW YORK TIMES
2 JULIE 1978
U. S. Embassy in Soviet Finds `Bugs'
By RICHARD BURT
Speceal to The New York Tdmei
WASHINGTON, June 1-United States
officials have again discovered electronic
intelligence devices in the American Em-
bassy in Moscow, Administration aides
said today.
The officials declined to provide details
of the discovery, but a Stat Department
official said that'on May 23 "electronic
listening devices of an intellience gather-
ing nature" were discovered it the em-
bassy. The officials would not say how
many of the so-called "bugs" had been
found.
The United States has delivered a for-
mal protest to`the Soviet Foreign Minis-
try, officials said.
The discovery occurred on the day that
Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance met
in New York with Foreign Minister An-
drei A. Gromyko to discuss Soviet-Ameri-
'can relations.
'Officials' are irritated by the episode
and it is said to have reinforced tenden-
cies in the White House to take a firmer
line in dealings with Moscow.
Electronic monitoring devices have
been found in the American Embassy be-
fore, on one occasion in large numbers.
Also, a "bug" was found in the nose of
a wooden image of the American eagle
that had been presented to the embassy 1
by Russians.
The most recent incident of monitoring
at the embassy involved radiation beams
directed at the building, apparently for
picking up conversations and also for
jamming American listening devices.
Mr. Vance met with Mr. Gromyko in
New York yesterday, but it is not clear
whether the issue was raised in their five-
hour session.
A Time of Growing Tension
The disclosure comes at a time of
growing tension between Washington and
Moscow, and some officials have linked
the Soviet action to other issues, includ-
ing Moscow's policies in Africa and its
According to a White House :official, i
Zbigniew Brzezinski, the national securi-
ty adviser, had the incident in mind when
he strongly criticized Moscow in a tele-
vised interview on Sunday.
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l4Rp4-. AP~~
U.S. finds
Soviet buys
Penetration called
fairly serious at ~'l,.
legation in.Moscow
From Wire Services
Washington-United States officials
have discovered electronic listening de-
vices in the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, ad-
ministration aides said yesterday.
Officials said the devices were not mi-
crophones and that specialists have not
yet been able to determine their exact
function. However, it is thought that they.
were related to the large amount of mi-
crowave radiation that has been detected
in the vicinity of the embassy since 1976.
Thomas Reston, the State Depart-
ment's associate spokesman, said the de-
vices were found May 25 and that a pro-
test has been lodged with the Soviet For-
eign Ministry in Moscow. '
Mr. Reston, however, declined to give
details about the devices or how they were
found. '
While 'the State Department' officially
declined to provide details of the
discovery, one official told the New York
Times "electronic listening devices of an
intellience-gathering nature" were discov-
ered.
Another State Department official, who
asked not to be named, told the Associated
Press that espionage equipment repre-
-sented a "fairly serious penetration of our
He said the electronic gear' was appar-
ently regularly maintained by Soviet tech-
nicians who entered the embassy' by
crawling through a tunnel and then climb.
ing up a chimney. ' .. ..
The official said the electronic equip
ment, which included an antenna;' was
being analyzed. He added that a "damage
assessment" of possible information';ob-
tained by the Russians was under way.
The electronic gear was discovered
during one of the routine security searches
conducted regularly because of the'history
of Soviet espionage activity involving the
embassy, one official said. ; 1 .AAfter finding the equipment, U.S. Em
bassy officials followed a .cable down the
BALTIMORE SUN
2 JUNE 1978
knowledge of the United States," the offi-
cial said. "They would come through the
tunnel and up the chimney.
. A barrier was built in the tunnel near
the embassy's property line to "keep the
Russians out," he said. .'
Although the exact nature of the equip-
ment was unknown, the official said it ap-
parently was not limited to eavesdropping
devices.
"We're still trying to figure this puzzle
out," the official said. "We're doing a tech-
nical' assessment of the problem right
now. But it might take some time to deter-
mine precisely how it works."
' He added that the equipment might be
linked to the mystery of why the Russians
have frequently beamed. low-level micro-
waves at the embassy. ,
;Authorities have been concerned that
excessive microwave radiation could re-
gift -in health problems for U.S. personnel
serving in the embassy. '
Some officials have also speculated
that the 'microwave bombardment could
be connected with intelligence -gathering
activities, possibly supplying power to spy
.equipment concealed in the embassy. ,
The discovery of the devices is said to
have irritated U.S. officials and to have
reinforced tendencies in the White House
to take a firmer line in dealings with Mos-
cow.
The disclosure comes at a time of
growing -tension between. Washington and
Moscow, and some officials have linked
the Soviet action to other issues, including
Moscow's policies in Africa and its treat-
ment of domestic dissidents. Zbigniew
Brzezinski, the President's national secur-
ity adviser, was referring to this incident
in mind when he delivered a strong blast
at Moscow in a televised interview Sun-
day, a White House official said.
Another, official said.. the discovery
"surprised a number of Soviet specialists"
in the State Department and weakened the
arguments, of.. aides, there who had at-
tempted to restrain the 'new, coolness in
White House :presentations on relations
with the Soviet Union..
.The .American Embassy is run` under
tight security,, conditions and is always
guarded by U.S marines. Officials carry
out routine sweeps for listening devices.
However, in a fire on August 26, 1977,
it was' penetrated by Soviet firefighters
who are said to have. had access to, large
portions of the old building.'
But embassy officials ref used to allow
the firefighters to enter the communica- .
tions center, preferring to let the equip.
ment and secret documents in that section
be destroyed.'..
The State' Department disclosed. on
May 19, 1.964, that at least 40 microphones
were found hidden in the walls of the U.S:
Embassy in Moscow..:., The microphones,' discovered by: a
wrecking crew after U.S. suspicions had
been aroused by several clues, were found
on the embassy's 8th, 9th .and 10th floors
and lower apartments.. ' : ? : ` ",, : !
The. U.S. ambassador's office-.was on I
the 9th'floor'and the offices of the military
attaches were on the 10th floor:. `.:;::, .',
An administration official said yester-
day that the,chimney runs through the em-
bassy and added that the antenna was lo-
cated in the upper part of the building al-
though he was. uncertain where. the rest of
the equipment was discovered:: . :
Soviet property, he said.
"There was regular physical'.penetra-
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ARTICLE r4AXt:D
ON IIAGE J1 0
28 May 1978
CIA Menlo ConffrmnsH
U.S. Offer to Fund'
'71, Viet Candidate
By Charles R: Babcock
Washington Post staff Writer -
The Central Intelligence Agency has confirmed in
court documents something, government' officials
have long denied: that Ellsworth Bunker; when he
was ambassador to South Vietnam, offered to fi-
nance the campaign of an opposition candidate in
the. Vietnamese presidential, election in 1971.
The revelation-based on tape recordings-is con-.
tained in a CIA memo.quoted from: during a pretrial
deposition in the civil"suit against: former CIA'.offi-
cer Frank Snepp.
Snepp wrote that Bunker offered Gen. Duong Van
(Big) Minh $3 million as a bribe. to. keep him in the
race as token opposition to incumbent Nguyen Van
Thieu "for appearances' sake:' Alinh withdrew from'
the campaign, however.
The White House "flatly denied" earlier reports
as denying the reports.
But in the deposition of CIA officer Norman
Jones, a Justice Department attorney read from a
CIA document:- "Blank listened 'to the tapes, blank,
in which Ambassador Bunker offered to finance, 1
blank, race for -the presidency. Blank noted that the
amount of $3 million was not mentioned in the con-
versation, although the basic report by Snepp is
true." (Blanks are the CIA's deletions.)
Bunker, now ambassador-at-large at the State De-
partment, and CIA officials declined comment yes-
terday on the agency's confirmation of the financial
offer to i\Iinh or the taping of 'the conversation,
which took place in Minh's home. '
- Snepp, who is being sued because he refused to
submit his book for review by the agency, said in a
phone interview yesterday that "$3 million" proba-
bly wasn't mentioned the conversation because "the
pitch was made in piasters [Vietnamese currency],
not dollars."
Snepp also said lie was not surprised to -learn the
meeting between Bunker and Minh had been taped.
"There could have been' a bug-,iii his home, or:
Bunker or his aide might have been carrying a -rec-
orderin a briefcase: They tried- that once with Ky
[Vice President Nguyen Cao Ky]but it didn't work."
It has been disclosed that- the"United. States
"bugged" Thieu's presidential palace during the
Minh, a .retired general who stayed in Vietnam .
when Thieu's regime was defeated by the. North Vi-
etnamese in the spring of 1975-,, 'was urged to run
against Thieu in the 1971 election, sources said at
the time, because the United States wanted to en-
sure a genuine contest..
Bunker allegedly made the offer of aid to Minh
after returning from a trip to-Washington in Au-
gust, 1971.
Snepp said he first heard rumors .of the $3 million
offer during an early tour as a CIA officer in Sai-:
gon. His book, "Decent Interval," is highly critical of,
the American withdrawal 'from Vietnam.
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Gr NJU 17r~
. Sne Char a of AAttemted tribe
In Vietnam Is Backed by U,., .Tile
By ANTHONY MARRO
WASHINGTON,' May 26-Frank W.
Snepp. 3d' was essentially correct in his
assertion that' the United States tried to
:bribe.Gen. Duong Van Minh to run for
President of South: Vietnam in51971, ac-
.oording to a document made public today
in connection; with' the. Government's
-breach of . contract suit against Mr.
Snepp.
Mr. Snepp,'whois`being shed for a1?
legedly having violated the secrecy oaths
that he signed upon. joining and leaving
,the Central Intelligence Agency, had
made. the charge in his book,, "Decent
Interval,"' which detailed the last days
of the Vietnam War. - . - .
In the book, he said that after-,other
.opponents of President Nguyen. Van
Thieu had.withdrawn from the race, Ells-
worth -Bunker, then the United States
Ambassador to South Vietnam;.."decided
to bribe the moderate opposition figure,
Gen.. Duong Van 'Bie.Min.h. to-stay on
the slate. for the sake of appearances."
Mr. S?nepp went on to say that Mr.
Minh eventually refirsed, after concluding
that "the $3 million offered him for his
,campaign. was' less compelling than the
prospect of assured defeat."
The materials concerning Mr: Minh,
who.-is now in prison in Vietnam, were
described by a United States Government
attorney-during a deposition taken in the
case, and apparently came from a C.I.A.
review of a recording made of the 'meet-
ing between- Mr.: Minh and Mr. Bunker.
Names Left Blank'
Although the names of the participants
were.. left blank, the material clearly
refers to. the allegation by i Mr..:.Snepp
about the attempt to persuade Mr. Minh
to remain"in the campaign. Reading from
a C.I.A._-.document,,, -Elizabeth; Gere
Whitaker, a-.Justi ce Department>lawyer
in the case, : said that : it contained the
following information:
tapes (blank) in which: Ambassador Bunk- scheduled fort rial on June 20.
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er offered, to finance (blank) race for the
presidency.,;- (Blank) noted. that the'
amount of, $3'million was. not mentioned
in. that conversation, althoughthe basic
report by Snepp is true."
Reported $3 Million Offer`
Last Nov. 20, In[ a segment of the CBS.
television network's "60 Minutes"- pro-
gram, Mr.. Snepp said, that Mr. Bunker.
had offered Mr. Minh. $3 million .."if he
would run as a straw horse, candidate.".
At the end of that broadcast; Mike. Wal-
lace, who. had interviewed Mr.,.Snepp,
noted, "Ambassador Bunker denies hav-]
ing offered..General Duong.Van Minh. $3'
million to run for the- presidency against.
General Thieu.".
,Asked about the matter again today
Mr. Bunker, who is now an arnbaisador
at-large, said through on' aide that he
would have "no comment -on.. a. matter
which is pending before the court.".
. Mr: Sneno. who servedtws- separate
tours:. of duty in Vietnam' in his eight.
years... in the C.I.A., left. the agency. in .
1976 and then spent 18 months writing,
his-book, which is. highly critical of the
United States Government's handling of
the" evacuation of Saigon ; which is now '
known as Ho Chi Minh City:
The Justice Department, filed. a civil
suit against him last February, charging
that' he had violated his secrecy oath by
not submitting the manuscript -' for.
prepublication review.''Although. it is not
accusing him:.of-disclosing any classified
information that-the C.I.A. itself had' not
previously made pubic. ft 1a asking the
court to restrain him kin *psaking pub=
licly about the agency for the rest.. of
his life, and : to. award the Government
damages . that :would include-any profits,
from the book.:
Last week, Federal District Judge Oren
R'Lewis refused a motion by Mr. Snepp's
attorneys, Mark H. Lynch of. the. Ameri-:.
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OIv CE
27 MAY 197
pp p un er rye eposmon proceedingin the govern- feted). noted that.- the amount . of $3
to "bribe" the moderate- opposition ; ment's civil suit against Snepp, a for- million was not mentioned in that
figure, Gen.-Duong Van "Big" Minh, mer CIA analyst in Vietnam, over his conversation, althou?h the. basic. re.
to stay in the presidential race, so . evasion of CIA censorship in publica- port by Snepp is true. '
that war critics-could not say that -'tion of his book... The excerpt from the -memo ap-
President- Nguyen.. Van.. Thieu had A government attorney, Elizabeth peared in a transcript of the deposi-
won re-election without `:a fight. 'Whitaker, was resisting efforts by tion that was filed in U.S.. District
Snepp . put,; the - amount:. of money. Snepp's lawyers to `obtain all or most Courtin Alexandria.
p
g
p date:.
yesterday apparently through inad=- g
vertance. confirms the "basic re- The CIA memorandum` that be? Gen. some Minh's words name: blacked out, includin
ort" of the incident by Frank Sne came public , yesterday disclosed, .. "For instance (deleted)` listened to
i n
his, controversial ook, ''Decent however, that Bunker's meeting with the tapes (deleted) in which Ambas-
Interval.'Gen. Minh was tape recordedsador Bunker offered to finance (de-
The matter came, up at a recent feted)' race for the presidency.,. (De-
.
re orted that n k t d d `
offered money to a South Vietnamese published: The U.S. embassy in Sai-
politician to try to, persuade him to gon likewise had denied Minh's state-
remain in the. Saigon presidential ment in 1971 that he had rejected an
race. - offer by Bunker of an -undisclosed
A CIA memorandum made nublic amount of money to remain a candi-
After more than six years of offi-
cial denials, the CIA has verified that
-Ambassador .,Ellsworth Bunker
IA Reveals oetna
offered-at $3 million and said Minh
BUNKER DENIED Snepp's report
of the lengthy memo, a CIA appraisals
of various allegations in the Snepp
L.--,-
ATTEMPTING TO SHOW - that
most of. the memo was irrelevant to
the lawsuit, she said, "I'll read you
one of the sentences." -
record the following
assa
e tN
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RADIO TV REPORTS, INC.
The Question Of The Day
STATION WRC Radio
Live News-98
May 25, 1978 7:19 P.M. CITY Washington, D.C.
BILL STABLER: The "Question of the Day" on the WRC Direct-
Line was: "Did recent CIA investigations and disclosures damage
security?"
Here's a sampling of some of our listeners comments.
WOMAN: The badgering and persecution of the CIA by axe-
grinding politicians and others of similar strife has certainly
damaged our national security. I'm thoroughly disgusted with this
endless ringing about our freedoms and the open society. Unless we
have a strong CIA to help us to protect both, we may end up having
neither one.
MAN: Certainly the congressional investigations of CIA has
damaged our national security.
WOMAN: I think our security has been badly damaged by the
attacks on the CIA.
WOMAN: Continuous hounding of the CIA's mistakes by the
press and the so-called liberals has certainly hurt the security of
our country. One would think the CIA has done nothing right in this
world of subversion. How can we maintain our security without intelli-
gence?
WOMAN: I think we have been overdoing it on the CIA and the
FBI and making it difficult for our security. However, there may be
some checks and balances that could be put into effect, but we are
overdoing it right now.
MAN: Recent CIA disclosures did not damage the national se-
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curity. They merely exposed the fact that we have no national se-
curity. In this wide opened society where liberty is mistaken for
license and the threats to promote treason, it's done with a mistaken
interpretation of the First Amendment.
MAN: The long investigation and disclosures of the CIA have
definitely hurt the security of the United States.
STABLER: In all, 85 percent of our callers said "yes," recent
CIA investigations and disclosures did damage national security while
15 percent disagreed.
Listen each morning for the "Confrontation" between Tom Braden
and Pat Buchanan on the "Question of the.Day," then it's your turn.
WRC Washington is the station that listens to you.
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30 May 1978
Former Members `Dishonor' Agency
14NDREI
TALLY
WASHINGTON _ I hate
to give the creep any
publicity, but how can
anybody in my trade ignore
the adolescent whimperings
of"John Stockwell, who quit
the CIA so he could tell all
in a book? .
First, one must note that
Stockwell didn't desert until
our spy shop was.in trouble.
He'. joined the CIA in 1964
and. bade it. graceless
farewell in 1976 when
everybody and his uncle
was trying to get rich - or
headlines - by exposing
what they perceived as the
agency's naughtiness. .,-
BY THAT TIME, of
course, it was also socially
and politically chic to kick
the CIA in the teeth, and
never mind that you'd
sworn an oath of secrecy on
what - in Stockwell's case
-'' is euphemistically
described as. his "honor."
Stockwell's book. tells a
lot ' of stories about CIA's
covert activities; notably its
paramilitary . involvement
in the Angolan war. He may
even be telling the truth.-
But that's not the point. The
7CIA had taken him at his
word that he would not
reveal any agency secrets.
Let the 'buyer beware., I'd
expect. change from a thin
dime. if. I bought that guy's
"word:.
OBVIOUSLY, Stockwell
knew he was dabbling in.the
illicit. He wrote the book in
secrecy because- he knew
the agency would try to stop
him from doing so if it
found him out. He claims in
the media that he is now a
"liperal," converted by the
fact that "at least 12 jour-
nalists knew about my book
while. I. was wrkting it and
not one of them exposed me was joining. And if he says
If that's true, the only suddenly-it doesn't tum out
possible comment is "Some
journalists!" ' to be the Boy Scouts, I think
Now we have Stockwell he was. asking :a little
claiming that he'll feel "un- much." I. In. any case,' of
comfortable" if his book course, Stockwell 'had not
been released from his
makes him a lot of.money. ?
"I think it would be an' in- "word of honor... : " .
appropriate thing," he says. ' COLBY PROPERLY put
.THIS. WOULD seem' to Stockwell in "-his place
among --the draft dodgers
suggest. that Stockwell and violent demonstrators
would reject any, self- of the 60s.'. "I believe. you
promotion of his work. Not, can't run an army if every
him. He wants it both ways. lieutenant decides. which
He wants to be seen` as a -A- Ft fnllnw " aai
"
but also
"moral hero;
wants that big dough. He
not only shoots off his
mouth to every reporter he
can,corner,he-succ"ededin
getting himself interviewed
on CBS' "60 Minutes,"
which is, not:` a secret
operation. =
"All my friends agreed
that '60 Minutes' would be
the' best way. to present
(read promote) the book,"
says the "moral hero." I'm
surprised the guy didn't br-
ing along some of the call
girls he accuses the CIA of
foisting on foreign officials.
Topless, of course.
FORTUNATELY for
fragile truth, the. "60
Minutes" episode. also
presented Bill Colby, , the_
director. And Colby calmly
.and -neatly-- dissected
. Stockwell's moral. posture.
Stockwell has said he felt
freed' from his oath of.
secrecy because,. the CIA,
didn't""act the way" he was
told it would when he joined
up in 1964.
,Well, that's- a great
rationalization," said Colby
quietly. "Because I'm sure
..: that he knew. roughly..
what kind of organization he
telligence service if every
junior officer decides which
secret to keep." .
Indeed, thanks'to the
',money-hungry John
`Stockwells, the CIA can't
run the kind of intelligence
agency it should. Foreign
spy shops," notably :the
British and French, have
reduced. the amount of in-
formation they're willing to.
give the CIA. As a British
operative put it: Damned if
I'll trust- my 'neck .to the
tender care of a chap like
,Stockwell.".
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Colby. "You can't run an in-
 e Course For .CI
But Turner has pledged to stop
short .of '.'emasculating" the
CIA's capabilities by placing an
absolute ban on such intrigue.
National security in the future
may still demand that the CIA
not only report on events abroad ,
but influence them as well.
As emphasized by the director,'
however, ,- and -.reaffirmed by
President Carter in, his recent
news` conference-, such activity.
must be . Authorized by : the...
President himself and the proper
committees of Congress must _bei
advised. . . 4
Turner,_ who has been given
expanded power and. authority)
over all intelligence operations,i
recognizes the temptations that!
challenge his department. He4~
'also'' has 'demonstrated the)I
toughness in personnel handling)
that indicates temptation will, be]
'resisted. ?.? : .
"This organization," he said,;
"must be under control at . all!
times."
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The new; focus of. 1the+"Central
Intelligence Agency will be
precisely what the name,
implies, according to ,/Directors;)
Stansfield Turner, suggesting a'i
determined. effort, to win back
global: respect . .and public.:
confidence..
The agency will reduce its:::
"political action,". the director
said,- referring 'to ' the!
interference in the governments
of other nations that has brought
"criticism upon, the. CIA.:
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TERRE HAUTE STAR (INDIANA)
11 MAY 1978
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE 44
NEW YORKER
June 1978
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 STAT a. 1"
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_d-
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ID
T
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..ARTICLE APPEARED
By Charles R. Babcock
THE WASHINGTON POST
31 May 1978 .
Two Soviet employes at the United'
Nations were charged formally withl.
espionage yesterday for their allegedi
part in a scheme that had ? its begin-
nings on,a Caribbean cruise.
According to a federal 'grand jury.
:`.indictment filed in Newark, N.J., an
...unidentified U.S. Navy officer who, is!
the key government witness in: the
-case took a one-week trip from ~ New
York to Bermuda last summer. aboard
the MS Kazakhstan, a. Soviet-owned
ship.
It was on-that trip that the alleged
Soviet spies apparently first made {
contact with the American officer and;
set up the elaborate plot whereby!
-they would trade : him.cash.-$20,000, !
according to the indictment-for anti-
submarine-warfare secrets.
The two Soviets, Valdik A. Enger,
39, an assistant to the-under secretary
general at the United Nations, and
Rudolf P. Chernyayev, 43, a personnel
officer at the U.N. Secretariat, were
arrested May 20 in -a Woodbridge,
N.J., shopping center when they alleg-
edly retrieved film of defense docu-
ments the Navy officer dropped off in
an orange juice carton.
They 'have been held 3n 'lieu of : $2
million bond:
A .third Soviet citizen, Vladimir P.)
Ziziyakin, 39, also was picked up at
the scene,' but was released . because
he is .an ' attache at the Soviet mission
at the United Nations and has diplo-
matic immunity.
He was .named as unindicted cocon-
spirator in the federal charges,.'and
ON PAGE A-6
Two Russians
Are Indicted;
In Espionage
has left the country.. .'_,.
Yesterday's indictment adds little.to
what has been made public in' the de
.'tailed complaint that was the basis for
arrests in the case. It specifically did
not explain what the Navy officer was
doing on the Soviet cruise ship in the
first place;'
Robert J. Del Tufo, the US. attor-
ney in Newark, . said yesterday "he
could not:comment beyond the' speci.
fits of the. indictment.
The indictment mentions-, only one
Navy document that; was turned 'over
to the Soviets: a 1971 "confidential"
report on' a. Navy antisubmarine heli-
copter called LAMPS..:
the Navy, officer-who cooperated
from the beginning with the FBI-hasi
,.been cleared by intelligence officials!
so important secrets would not. be
given to the Soviets, authorities have
said.
-- The Navy officer and his contacts
would communicate by calls to pre-ar-.
ranged public phone booths and notes
in containers disguised as' discarded t
trash. In one instance, according- to
the indictment, one of the Soviet offi-
cials hid $5,000 cash.in a car radiator
hose for-the Navy officer.....,.: 'If convicted the two men"could. re-
ceive sentences of up' to life in prison.. l
 TLCL A.
. !?NP
WASHINGTON STAR (GREEN LINE)
2 JUNE 1978
T^W In That ,
deaTesi
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By Henry S. Bradsher
WaAbujtm sLarstan writer
South Africa has begun disman-
tling the structures in the Kalahari
Desert that caused international
apprehensions last summer of a nu-
clear weapons test.
The South African government still
has not signed the international
agreement banning non-nuclear na-
tions from acquiring nuclear weap-
ons, as the United States and other
Western nations have been urging it
to do.
. But negotiations on international
nuclear safeguards are still under
way with the Carter administration.
It has held up the shipment of nu-
clear fuels to South Africa pending
acceptance by that country of con-
trols that would insure the fuels were
not used for weapons.
'CIA PHOTO interoreters have
yesterday that the negotiations are
not being very actively pursued at
present.
A key U_S. official called the dis-
mantling of the desert structures a
hopeful sign that South Africa might
be moving toward greater coopera-
tion with the West on nuclear mat-
tern. "It's a powerful step in the right
direction that we're seeing," he com-
men ed.
clear device: It has continued since
then to contend heatedly that it was
being falsely accused - but the pur-
pose of the desert structures was
never explained.
Within recut weeks. South Africa
has begun totace down the tower and
raze some of the support structures.
But it still has not explained to the
outside world what is going on.
CARTER SAID ON Aug. 23 that
South Africa bad told Western na-
tions "that the Kalahari test site
which Jias been in question is not de-
signed for use to test nuclear explo-
sives." While Western experts were
convinced last August that they
were, some uncertainty later de-
veloped in the: West about just what
had been izoine on in the Kalahari.
Carter also said that "we will, of
course, continue to monitor the situa-
tion there very closely." It was that
monitoring that detected the disman-
tling of the structures.
"We'll also renew our efforts,"
Carter said, "to encourage South.
Africa to place. all their nuclear
power production capabilities under.
international safeguards and inspec-
tions and encourage them along with
other nations to sign the nuclear non-
proliferation treaty."
There has been "some improve-
ment" in prospects for getting
safeguards and inspections, accord.
ing to informed sources. But South
Africa'still has not accepted the con-
trols of the International Atomic
Energy. Agency, which inspects nu-
clear facilities of non-weapons states.
Because of the delicacy of the ne-
gotiations, the administration refuses
to discuss them openly. An offiicial of
the South African Embassy indicated
reconnaissance of es o the ese
note nonce the Soviet Union
raised th
last August that South Africa
was preparing for a nuc ear es
`^'Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezhnev
sent a personal message to President
Carter on Aug: S. It said the test was
~g secretly prepared in the Kala-
Satellite photos then showed a
tower of the kind that would be used
for mounting an above-ground nu-
clear device.:tupport buildings and ..
an apparent command post_ .
The United States, France and
other countries joined in urging
South Africa not to "go nuclear." In
answer, South Africa insisted that. it
had no intention, of detonating a nu-
DESPITE THE improvement,
however, it is unclear whether South
Africa will eventually agree to the'
controls. And it still appears doubtful
to some officials here that it will sign
the nonproliferation treaty.
That treaty, which went into effect
in 1970, seeks to limit the number of
countries with nuclear weapons to
those which then had them: the
United States, the Soviet Union,'Brit-
ain, France and China. Since then
only one nation, India, has exploded {
a,nuclear device.
A' number of countries besides
South Africa have refused. to sign.
They include India, Israel. Pakistan
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NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
ARTICLE APPEARED 2 June 1978
ON PAGE 12
a- g: KGB led1
. a narskjold . ?
Former United Nations Secretary
General Dag Hammarskjold, who was
killed in a plane crash in the Congo
in 1961, was murdered by Soviet KGB
spies, Penthousemagaz ine reports in
its August issue.
The magazine quotes CIA sources
as saying that the Russians killed
Hammarskjold because of his opposi-
tion to their scheme to _ install a
"troika" or three-man tribunal to
head the United Nations.
A secret report prepared. by the
CIA for President Kennedy- in 1962
stated that there was evidence that
the explosive device aboard. Ham-
n.arskjold's plane was "of standard
KGB incendiary design," the maga-
zine says. It_ reports that Kennedy
kept the report secret so as not to.,
endanger the 1963 nuclear test ban
agreement with the Russians' The
troika proposal was turned down
after Kennedy made an emotional ap-
peal for the UN to honor Hammarsk-
jold's memory by rejecting the. Rus- i
sian scheme. .
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I CLE EARFI3
ON FAGS-~ THE BALTIMORE SUN
1 June 1978
Nelms regrets
not ending
C IA-Mafia tae.
New York (Reuter)-Richard M
Helms, the former director of the Central
Intelligence Agency, said in a television
interview broadcast last night that he was
-wrong in letting- the CIA stay involved.
with the Mafia .in plotting: against Fidel
Castro. -
Mr. Helms, in the interview with David
Frost, also denied that the CIA's now well-.
publicized assassination plots against the
Cuban leader ever got out of. the laborato--
ry planning stage.
In the interview, televised by NBC, Mr.
Helms also said he had never tried to
blackmail then-President Richard M.. Nix-
on into making him ambassador to Iran
and that his successor at the CIA, William
E. Colby, and former President Gerald R. Ford weakened the agency.
- _The interview provided Mr. Helms's
first public answers to allegations of agen-
cy misdeeds during his years as head of
the CIA. -
Co. Cuba, he said that the so-called as-
sassination' attempts against Mr. Castro,'
including sending him lethal seashells,
were "pipe dreams ... the things never
left the laboratory."
"Nothing was ever done about them,"
Mr. Helms added.
But Mr. Helms went on . to 'say that one
-of his biggest regrets was that he did.not
stop the CIA's involvement with the Mafia.
in working against' Mr. Castro, even-
',though he denied there was any evidence ..~
to show any assassination attempt was'
made. . .
I I. He was" referring to-.a plot, supposedly
hatched in the 1960's in- which gangland
figure John Roselli was alleged to have
been involved in a plan to use poisoned
pellets to murder Mr. Castro. ..,
Of the involvement with the Mafia, Mr.,
Helms said, "When I found out about it; I.
should have corked it.off and stopped it
right then and there, and I am genuinely
sorry that I didn't.... It was a mistake. It
was a case of poor judgment.
"On the other hand, let's not exagger-
ate what was involved there. There never j
was the slightest evidence produced, that I
know of, that any poisoned pellets ever
even got to Havana.; -. ... .-w l'. '
"We have the word of a gangster that
they did, but we have no record, no evi-
dence, no nothing, and I don't believe it,"
he said.
Mr. Helms said that all he ever author-
ized was an attempt by Roselli to see if
any Mafia contacts still were working in
Havana. "I shouldn't have authorized even,
that," he said.
Questioned further by ? Mr. Frost as to
whether the CIA or any American agency
should consider assassination as a politi-
cal tool, he said: "Assassination is not a
way for the American government. It is
not a way for the CIA. "
"I was never in favor of it. Murder will
out. It': will ' always, eventually, leak
around in some fashion that it was done."
Mr. Helms vehemently denied reports
that he blackmailed President Nixon -into
appointing him ambassador to Iran.
,: "I was never one of those presidential"
appointees that thought he had an entitle-
ment_to a job...'. I never, by word, deed,
action or innuendo, threatened President
Nixon with anything; ever." '
The former CIA director blamed for.'
mer President Ford and Mr. Colby, who '
has since'retired from the CIA, for weak-
ening the agency by allowing too 'much
material about its covert work to-be made'
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THE WASHINGTON STAR (GREEN LINE)
ARTICLE APPEARED 1 June 1978
ON PAGE A -2
Helms. Confides''Witk- Frnct . ;.
Former' CIA' Director=R3chard Helms says his
,.;successor'. William Colby;' and former President.
.,Gerald Ford. weakened the agency by opening up
secret documents to the public and Congress. He
FBI acting Director L.
Patrick .Gray:.at:'the:
time of the Watergate;
break-in-that thebur-`
glars "may have some
connection with -(John
Ehrlichman." He;;says,
the CIA's decision to en-
list the Mafia in a plot
to assassinate Cuban:
Premier Fidel Castro
(poisoned pellets in his
food) is one of the
greatest regrets of my
life"-All of this was nn a
0
. view with. David: Frost on NBC. When- Frost sug=
,gested Helms -`'blackmailed"' Richard Nixon into
;=naming: him. ambassador -to Iran, Helms said thei
whole theory is laughable."
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 I II I.1. ~~
'X I TICLE APES
ON PAG
. (D
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D ATLAS WORLD PRESS REVIEW
Foreign reaction to disclosures of media.-Manipulation
V nng ong
Liu , Ls
A D"uM) Off f79F2 P~
PATRICK BROGAN CREIGHTON BURNS
The following exclusive "Atlas Dialogue" was conducted by the Editor
in Washington, D.C., with Ruy Barbosa, correspondent Jot the in-
dependent "0 Estado de Sao Paulo" of Brazil; Patrick Brogan, chief
Washington correspondent for the independent "Times" of London; and
Creighton Bums, Washington correspondent for the independent `Age" of
Melbourne, Australia.
How have your countries reacted to revelations of
attempted CIA manipulations of the foreign press?
BARBOSA: In Brazil there was quite an uproar. A whole New
York _Times series on the subject was reprinted, and many
editorials'tepeated what we have always heard-that the CIA
runs our country, that we are at the mercy of the U.S.
intelligence, all of which I personally think is an exaggeration.
CIA intervention worries a lot of Latin American publishers,
editors, and reporters. The recent allegations that the CIA has
successfully infiltrated the Inter-American Press Association is
causing concern. The Association has a fine record and has
helped to free many newsmen jailed by totalitarian governments.
Many good people are active in it and they do not want to be part
of a government operation. These people are journalists.
BURNS: In Australia we have just been through a minor
imbroglio over allegations, denied in Canberra and Washington,
that the CIA was involved in activities beyond its charter in
Australia in the Sixties. Australians have pretty much accepted
that CIA activity isn't restricted to enemy or unfriendly
countries, that it also operates in the territory of allies, partic-
ularly those like Australia that have American military establish-
ments. So the recent revelations about the CIA and the press
have been received with philosophical resignation.
I wrote a story for my paper about a former Australian
journalist who resigned as Editor of Business International because
its management acknowledged, after a New York Times report,
that it had indeed provided cover for CIA agents during the
1960s. But on the whole the Times series was not given much
prominence in Australia.
BROGAN: The public outcry in Britain hasn't been terribly
noisy, but newspapers do think the CIA should stop trying to hire
Reuters correspondents. This has been said in leaders-editor-
ials-but in a rather convoluted way, because to say the CIA
should stop employing or giving retainers to British foreign
correspondents would imply that this does indeed happen. This
would be an admission no paper is going to make.
Has your country's press been victimized by
stories planted by the CIA?
BARBOSA: I can't speak for other publications, but 0 Estado is
very careful not to accept any stories that may have links with
foreign officials. The USIS-USIA operation is quite large in
CUNTINUB 1
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South Ana rica, and it h:utcis out exclusive stories by prominent
bylincrs. We won't touch even this material.
fit ;RNs: The consensus in Australia is that whatever influence
the CIA might have on news stories generated there is through
Australian intelligence organizations-particularly the Austra-
lian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) and the Austra-
lian Security Intelligence Service (ASIS). A number of reporters
and columnists admit to getting preferential briefings in some
cases from Australian security sources. There's a general feeling
that in exchange for information they get briefed in a way that
nobody else gets briefed. So they write stories that nobody else
writes, because they have access to sources of which they're
sometimes not that critical.
I have seen no allegations that the CIA has, in fact, directly
influenced stories about the U.S. in Australia. There has been
more concern about unverified allegations of CIA contributions
to an Australian political party and interference in trade unions.
BROGAN: The most blatant example of CIA involvement with
the British press was when the CIA set up an agency in London
called Forum World Features, which some very right-wing
journalists were brought in to run. These writers claimed to be
absolutely astonished to discover that financing came from the
CIA. They wrote newsfeatures and commissioned people to write
newsfeatures-all of which were rather favorable to the U.S. and
to anti-Communism. But it wasn't obvious propaganda. For a
few years they successfully placed articles and pictures in a lot of
newspapers, including The Times. It was a rather loosely veiled
front. The thing folded before its cover was blown. I think
everybody knew by then, and that is why the CIA withdrew.
This is the type of thing Congressional committees are
concerned about because American editors will see an article
published in The Times and say, "This is very good," and then
they'll carry it. So with one move you could have the CIA
"I don't
want spies on
my turf. .. 99
producing material for both the foreign and American markets. I
think if the CIA is going to be in the business of propaganda it
should stay in America and leave the British alone.
BURNS: A documented case of direct intervention in Austra-
lian publishing was a quarterly magazine called Quadrant.
According to Congressional testimony in the late Sixties-which
has yet to be denied-it was partially financed by the CIA.
Similar publications with CIA financing also existed in Indo-
china and the Philippines and, I think, Malaysia. But my
understanding is that this stopped some years ago.
BROGAN: Another famous instance came out about ten or
fifteen years ago: A foundation called the Congress on Cultural
Freedom dispensed largesse to various organizations, including
Encounter, an excellent, rather right-wing magazine, and various
student groups in England. When it became known the Congress
was a (:IA front, the student organizations and Rnniuntrr had to
survive without its financial assistance. The magazine did
continue, apparently independent of CIA money, but the
taint remained.
Would your newspaper knowingly employ
telligence agents?
BROGAN: I assume it wouldn't. There was an allegation in the
Washington Post a couple of years ago that one major English
newspaper employed a number of spies as correspondents, and
we carried a very indignant attack, saying that the Post was
endangering the lives of honest British correspondents who might
6 We suffer
from a paranoia
about it .. ?'
-Ruy Barbosa
be mistaken for spies and be mugged as a result.
The most sensational case in Britain, of course, was that of
Kim Philby, whom the British intelligence service, in a move
never really satisfactorily explained, sent to the Middle East as a
correspondent for The Observer. Did The Observer know he was a
spy? Did it know that he was a double agent working for the
British and the Russians simultaneously-and that.everybody
knew this? We don't know.
Very recently David Holden, Chief Foreign Correspondent
for the Sunday Times, was murdered in Cairo. His paper, which is
related to ours by ownership and is otherwise independent, made
a curious assertion that he may have been murdered by an
intelligence agency. It didn't go any farther, and it left hanging
the question of whether it referred to a Western; Eastern, or
Middle Eastern intelligence, agency. Generally speaking, spies'
only murder one another. So perhaps the hint is there. Holden
was a very good journalist and an honest man. I don't think it
likely that he worked for the British Secret Service. But I don't
know. The whole spy business is so convoluted and complicated
that you can never be sure of much.
BARBOSA: My newspaper would not employ intelligence ?
agents, but I believe some Brazilian newspapers would. The CIA.
hasn't been an enormous problem in Brazil. Our big problem
with respect to the CIA is that we suffer from a paranoia about it
that is very common throughout Latin America.
BURNS: It is my belief that for the past ten years and more,
under its,present management and editorial leadership, The Age
would certainly not have employed either an Australian in-
telligence agent or a foreign one. I couldn't be absolutely certain
that there haven't been times in the past-the confrontation with
Indonesia, for instance-when it would have sympathetically
considered propositions to provide cover for Australian in-
telligence organizations. But now there is no comparable
emotional setting. And the whole atmosphere has changed as a
result of revelations about the CIA's activities and a shakeup in
Australian intelligence organizations.
When the Labor Party. came to power, wide circulation was
CONTINUED'
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given to allegations that ASI(.) had extended its charter to
investigating and even bugging leading members of the party
when it was in opposition. The present Government has carried
out actions which would imply there were reasons for tightening
its control over the organization. The feeling that the ASIO was
involved in domestic politics reached a peak, of course, during
the Vietnam War, when it was alleged to be gathering dossiers on
people engaged in absolutely legitimate protest activities. .
Has there been any change in attitudes recently
about intelligence activities?
BR(x:AN: Probably less in Britain than in the U.S. The British
have a less exalted view of their Secret Service than the
Americans do of the CIA, and therefore haven't been dis-
illusioned. There's a very funny debate in Britain at the mo-
ment, however, There is a British fiction that gentlemen do
66CIA involvement
in domestic politics
concerns us...!111
not open one another's letters and that we do not have a spying
organization. Everybody knows this is not true. But because
there is this fiction, and in theory the name of the head of Secret
Service is not publicly known, the Government is not allowing
Secret Service papers from the 1920s to be published.
Do Americans seem to be too exercised over
matters like this?
BROGAN: I see things two ways. As a reporter, I am as exercised
as anyone-I don't want spies on my turf. But the American
feeling that an intelligence agency should never tell a lie or that
foreign policy can be openly arrived at does seem extremely
naive. The CIA obviously got enormously inflated in size, in
budget, in self-importance. We learned that its new director,
I Adm. Turner, has sacked 800 secret operatives, who are said to
)represent 20 or 30 per cent of the spy personnel. This is a
1grotesque number-these are not secretaries but people who
sneak around with manila envelopes stuffed with money. A
couple of dozen, I should think, would be quite enough.
The CIA's record isn't public knowledge so we can't tell what
its great successes were. But the people who know about it and
write about it cautiously all tend to say that the CIA's great
achievements are in analysis. They get very bright people who sit
down and look at evidence, of which they have a great variety,
and, then come up with the answer.
Given its need for information, then, is it realistic
to expect the CIA to change its mode of operation?
BROGAN: The journalist's credo is: What I rind out, I put into
print. All my best secrets have appeared in The Times. The CIA
doesn't even have to buy me a. drink to find out. They can just
subscribe to the paper.
To some extent in Paris and to a great extent in places like
lluems Aires and Cairo, aiid so on, all the: reporters hang otu in
the saute place, and if'vou're a CIA agent you go to the bar and
listen, or introduce yourself. I don't think you'd get very much
that won't he in the newspapers the next day, but you don't have
to pay reporters retainers to get them to talk. They're indiscreet
by definition.
How have recent revelations affected the credibil-
ity of the American press abroad?
BURNS: I think the influence of the CIA on the press has
probably been exaggerated. In Australia the important thing is
the feeling that the U.S. press has come out of Watergate fairly
well. It is much more self-critical than the Australian press.
American newspapers run self-critical articles; they run col-
umnists who criticize their policies; they criticize one another.
The American press is much more open than the Australian
press, to the same degree that America is a more open society
than Australia. I don't think this recent flap has done the
American press serious harm.
BARBOSA: The American press has a great influence in Latin
America. Most major publications carry stories from the Los
Angeles Times as well as from the New York Times and other
papers. If I were back home editing a section of my paper right
now I would be doubly careful about using information coming
from American publications.
BURNS: The thing that probably concerns most Australians is
evidence of involvement in domestic American politics. If you
assume it isn't a perfect world and the CIA is an intelligence
organization, then it is ludicrous to be shocked or surprised that
CIA agents act as spies in other people's countries. That's what
they're paid for! It's when they act as spies in their own country
that you start asking questions about the consequences on
domestic politics)This is particularly true of countries with an
alliance relationship with the U.S. How closely Australia would
want to be allied with the U.S. would depend, in the last resort,
on the functioning of the American political system.
BARBOSA: For me the whole matter of espionage, of snooping,
is immoral. But so is man. So, in consequence, are the nations that
man builds. There is no way that the U.S. could have achieved
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 the CIA. through covert operations has neither greatly added to
nor subtracted from. the success of the U.S. in the world. The
gathering of information is obviously necessary..
BR(X;AN: You can't have it both ways: Either you do nothing amount of faith, not only.in the Chief Executive and people
abroad at all, you justobserve foreign governments; or you admit ' -. immediately associated with intelligence, but in the director of.
that, yes, we can attempt to liquidate Idi Arnin and putpoison in the CIA. It would-seem you. need at the top a man who will be
Lumumba's toothpaste and things like that-. One would think it ' concerned not only with actually running the organization; but
wasn't necessary to get involved' in'Chile: Gen. Pinochet'was with keeping a' check on it. I wonder whether .,a more effective
quite capable of taking over the Government and shooting '.way of controlling CIA activity might not be, for e)iample;, to.
everybody. I would guess that, on balance, since World War 11, appoint somebody from outside the organization and outside
you're left with a substantial investment and a substantial
print.a story'through me: BURNS: No matter how gdod'ar'supervisory system is set up,
that the CIA does., I would resent it if they tried to hire me or ' `
intelligence apparatus. I'm not saying that I condone everything trust their discretion.
the position it as achieved in the world without a very effective If anyone in (origress knew,
'Are present efforts to improve the CIA's account-
ability succeeding?
BROGAN: If it's a question of gathering information-
by-technical means,or. by spies, then you don't need to oversee
anything, really. You can'leave the technicians to get on with-it
and judge by its results. Ifyou're going to have covert operation's,
politics, somebody with long, and well-publicized experience,
say, in the law-a judge whose training would have given him
some. experience, in saying,."Look, given the defined tasks of this
organization in its charter, this is legitimate,- this is not legit-
imate, thiis is gray...". If you.bring in the organization's activists at
the top then professional enthusiasm is always going to drive
them toward "excesses.".
Do' you have any'advice for-Americans on this?
BRb(AN: The CIA is in the midst of an immense reorgamza
tion and we won't be able to judge its effects until it has bets
concluded.' But if ypu,.want-a,piece of candid advice, it's riot
worry. The CIA isn't.that important. There are more serious
things in this world at the moment: For example, I'm much more
have covert operations. If I were' going to. risk my life to make
Fidel Castro's heard fall off I would not tell anyone. in Congress.
however, the fewer people who know about it .the better. If it is
necessary before -any sort of covert operation to inform half a.
dozen Congressmen then this in effect means you're not going to
worried about the activities of the Federal Reserve Board.. ? .
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DES MOINES REGISTER
5 May 1978
BY'RUSSELL RELY
Register Staff Reporter
About 50 Iranian students carrying
neatly-lettered: signs ' and. chanting
.slogans Thursday. night protested the
:appearance: of :former 'Central
Intelligence; Agency Director Willi n
.'Colby , on= the University of_:"" South
Alabama campus:
-The- protests s organized;. by,the
Iranian StudenEassociation a newly=.
organized. campus group: ISA.
spokesman AmirAzad said the protest
'
was to focus attention on the.involve
rnent of the CIA";and the U.S. govern-
-rent; in Iranian activities.
'--Colby spoke in the University Center
as part of'a series.n addresses by.
public figures-.on, the campus... Most of
,the students involvediatheprotest'in
dicated (hat, Colby should:-'not have.
been per?rruttedLto speak at- USA:
Doug ;'#aylor" -a' member.- of an..
organization kno `'as="Equality` and-
Econoiirie zTc". ai!YSA sym-
pathizier;:'said. " &olby Arid others like.
him' do not. deserve that kind of plat4r
.form.,, . " :...
''When' asked about the former. CI
director's rights - of free speech; a
Taylor said Colby could not be: con-j
sidered in "abstract: terms" andhaci<
no moral right.to speak on campus,
than "other', criminals, 'mass"
murderers and subversives.".
Azad said the protest and others like
it sponsored throughout America ISA
chapters-. w.as- !,.,:.inform ""the
American people the involvement.
of their governrnent.?in the:regime of,:'
the Shah of Iran." Azad said American
support of the Shah has resulted in*-'
assassination.=. incarceration of., "at;:
least 100,000" political prisoners; ands
other: ' alleged :: violations of human.,
rights.:..
"This.is the kind of thing Amerlcaii3
are supporting," Azad said. He mew
tioned President Carter's 'stand' or
'human. rights as running counter Ur.
'the position in supporting.
the, current Iranian government-"-_:,__.`
,, We - `don't understand' how the'
American government, which is th ?
focus. of: democracy can support- tha, '.
.kind of governmentAzad:said::
ccording to Dr; David Curry, the?,
ISA's faculty adviser, and a. member
oL.the; USA :sociology departmenie.
."faculty 'the organization has had dill
ficultji?. Witt} obtaining recognition,. by..;
the u;riversity:administration: He:said
.a protest of Colby's appearances
earlier Thursday was :halted becaus A
.one,pf many:.participating' student,
"happened not to be registered durin4
;'the current quarter,'; - ;!
ad ministrationhas .eyed
posed:txtraordinarv requirements'
.recognition;=such as the snpport'of'1
;registered students iircontrastfo-star
fdard`_procedure which requires::onlyc
five' tudents?.trr form: a' recognized'
'orgaiaionrry'said_
The students' said they.:intend cor>`~,
tinued efforts'to',expose "the Shahan.
hid .regime for what; it truly is,'even
- though wemust.someday return?toour
coua&ntry7.and.face''their oppressiorr,"-'
rotester
gong bf normal Untveraity:Cente , ae~
'a1Vit ' ;: ry
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ug .91
' '
fficials
By,Robert Parry equipment could have been monitor- ?
Associated Press inc, the neighboring Central Wing.l
U.S. officials, after discovering so- That section houses the highly sensi-
phisticated electronic spy equipment Live offices of Ambassador Malcolm
in a chimney of the Moscow embassy, Toon..
are assessing the damage 'it did to Since the discovery of the -bug, 'em-
American security and 'puzzling over bassy officials had reinforced their
how the gadgetry works-
One official called the Soviets' use :Marine guard on the building's roof'
of the espionage equipment a "serious the at a point along the tunnel, said
penetration of our embassy," but said the embassy source. A cat?and-mouse
the electronic gear would have to be game involving the tunnel began with
analyzed before deciding if. it had U:S. officials removing a brick from
caused a major security breach. its. wall at night only to find it re-
The offi
i
l
h
THE WASHINGTON POST
3 June 1978
oscodv Embassy
cians, who sneaked 'into the 'embassy
named, said the equipment was, appar-
ently maintained by Soviet ?techni
c
a
, w
o asked not to be
placed the following morning, the
source'said. .
However, another official said the
originated in a nearby apartment tenna-was discovered during a rou-
building', and then climbed up 'the tine security search. "There was regu-
chimney: lm' physical penetration of the em-
In Moscow, an embassy source said - -' "x OVVze witnout ,me the cable leading frnm rt,o .ae..a?e ... -edge ,Y the United States, .the offi-
ing where a Soviet agent was- discov-
ered before a bank of equipment,
monitoring signals from the bug. He
fled when U.S. officials entered, said
the source, who - asked not . to be
. The discovery. of the device also
raised: questions about the equip-
ment's possible link to- .other myste-
ries involving-the Moscow. embassy-
g
never have been found if spe-
such as why the Soviets have 'beamed cial? American -crews had not bee;
at the building for years -n
worrying U.S.- officials about. possible own to Moscow to repair-damage to
the embassy caused by a fire on Aug:?-
`health hazards.. .,a , (,,,, . ?mom
auu.
. we re glaa
ding Carter yesterday said the device .. they did," the source said.
; ..~.
was discovered May 23 d th
an t
stiff' protest"' was deliver?'d +>, a The discovery has also raised new
- -- -- tea..& t.=c ouvi- wasnington said a link between the
ets have not replied to the protest, fire and the spy equipment was re.
Carte
aid
"
.....
r s
the:
gene
tem" could not have been used for mi-. , The official -said a connection be=-'
crowave radiation a sin t th
bassy and its personnel. The lev
e em- el of leveln micro ave m thata the the
Soviets;
radiation from "exterior sources
h
re-
ave beamedt th e
. ,, aembassy- wa
mains at about two microwatts he ' mor
lik
l
e
e
y
.
said. Some officials have speculated that
The chimney is adjacent to th
m
e e
the mi bb
-crowaveomardment could be'
bassy's South Wing,.which houses jun- connected with intelligence gathering
for employes and does not have a high , activities, possibly supplying power to
security rating, but U.S. diplomats spy equipment concealed in the em-
were concerned that the . bugging bassy; ,'
ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-8
Although the exact nature of the
said it apparently was not limited to
eavesdropping devices. "We're doing a
technical assessment of the problem
right now. But it might take some
time to determine. precisely how it.
One source said .the- equipment;
mi
ht
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Arrow shows U.S. embass ~chimn p nd
Y e9 where electronic spy e4uiment was found.
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APTICT,E A EAR
ON 'PAGE_?____,.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
3 June 1978
J.S. Imposes Information Blackout,
On Bugging of. Embassy in Moscow
Special to'rne New Yorle rime,
By CRAIG R. WHITNEY
a planning center for a new embassy,
building.
The concealed antenna was apparently
not related -to high levels of. microwave
radiation. detected in the embassy in,
1976. That was continuing at lower levels;
today,. one official said, possibly because i
of monitoring devices situated outside the
embassy..... _ I
Ambassador Malcolm Toon is in Wash-
ington,' and his deputy, Jack F Matlock
Jr., issued Instructions .to embassy, em-
ployees not to divulge anything to report-
ers about the incident.
-'It -is- notAmown?- what measures are=
being taken to improve embassy security;
or to assess the effects of the chimney,
"andr. The embassv-is'understood to haves
made a formal protest to the Soviet For ,
^F.?n Ministry.... i
It is :not clear how long the tunas;
hac' Pone undetected. The embassy. origi-.;
nally built to be an apartment building]
for Russians of high position, is on Cha--
kovsky Street, part of a boulevard , cir-
cling central Moscow. The building was
turned over to the United States early'
in the 1950's with the" purpose of getting
the Americans away from their original.
embassy overlooking the Kremlin. - 1
State Department security experts and
the marines who guard the building make
regular checks for monitoring devices.
American correspondents inspecting the
apartment building beside the south wing
of the embassy today found a repairman {
busily connecting and rewiring what ap-1
peared to be a communications box built:
into the embassy's rear wall. .
Soviet policemen quickly' arrived tot
stare at the reporters and they left. When I
an embassy officer was asked about the!
box, he said, he had never seen it and;
later relayed word-that a security expertI
had been sent out to find out what its
was.
-and staff personnel, a science' office and
discovery of electronic intelligence de-
vices in the American Embassy last Sun-:
day-all American diplomats.were or-
dered to keep. quiet about the incident."
Asked about the secrecy. which: was
.
imposed following: the disclosure .,In
Washington yesterday- that the devices
had been found, ,a high .embassy official
said: "All I can tell'.you is that we're
not trying to protect the Soviets."
"Maybe," he= added :with a smile. "It's,
:because we also-have'an interest in find-
ing out what the Soviets' are tin to in
'their embassy in Washington.".-.
. The continued mysteries here included
what the Russians might have overheard
cr peered into.' how. long. they had an
espionage tunnel from ? an, adjoining
-apartment building into';a chimney at the
embassy'and what.kind of electronic de-
vices they. had planted there.
A Surprise. Encounter
Despite the official silence, many unof-
ficial accounts circulated today. One was-
that. the tunnel had been discovered by
a nited States Navy Seabee. or con-
struction worker, who surprised-a -Rus=
'sign crawling: in' from the apartment
building.' The' Russian fled, the account
said, and the Americans then sealed off
the passageway.
Another version was that before the
tunnel was sealed off, American security
officers clambered through and surprised
a Russian seated in front of an electronic
monitoring console full of bugging equip-
ment. -- ' '
Still. another report, which could not
be verified, said that at least one dish
shaped radio antenna had been found in
the chimney. .
The chimney rises at the rear of the
part.of, the,three-section embassy build-
ing containing apartments for secretaries
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l~1R,T1CT"F' APP AR'E
ON PACE 3 JUNE 1976
,.
Navy. Seabed `F?llO ied Wire
Stthight:.to . Startled Russian .,-
MOSCOW ='.A. U.S. Navy Sea-
bee's sudden ennfrnntntirin with n
Associated Press
By Barton Reppert.
the wires from the . mtelhgence
gathering devices down the :verti
American -investigators .traced'.
climaxed the latest round in the
American' Embassy's long: war
,against Soviet electronic snooping,
sources reported yesterday..
The._'surprise .meeting-An' , the
basement.of'a nearby. building -
rompting.the startled Russian to.
flee? in surprise came , after';
American securitofficers disco'v
ered: an .array, oyy :Soviet. bugggingg
equipment;. hidden: in:an .air shaft
'
in the embassy's soutltiwing;?.,...: i
`.In Washington, State Department spokesman'
Thomas Reston said the United States had lodged
a formal protest with the Soviet Foreign Ministry.
Russian manning 'a secret room' There was no immediate comment on. tne mci-;
packed with surveillance . gear,1 dent by the Soviet government or news agencies.
An official in Washington, who asked not to be
.,named, said there was regular physical penetra-
tion of the embassy by Soviets without the knowl
edge of the United States:
"We're still trying to figure this,'puzzle out," he
:,.said;' "We're doing a -technical assessment 'of the-
problem right now. But it might take some time to
determine precisely how it works."
He'said the equipment might. be linked. to the
mysterious Soviet microwave bombardment of the
SINCE THE EARLY 1960s, the Soviets have
been aiming microwave beams at the embassy's
'cal shaft to. a tunnel leading into
an apartment building ~6 { diplomats and a variety of electronic intell gen e-
adjacentto i gathering equipment:
further intrusions:. '
AMERICAN OFFICIALS 'Jn,:.
.'Moscow-'and. Washington. were re-'
ported :examining.,,.the'::sophisti='>
sated surveillance Jdevices :and: "
trying.,,to_ assess the..-degree to
which the embassy's security had
beenbreacheti.;
k wh
n
t
the embassy, the sources said. .:..
signed The peak strength. of the radiation has been fo-
Finally; one of the Navy ' andl -. i cased in the vicinity of the ambassador's office on
:.'construction' wacti the embassy classified handle s the ninth floor, located about 80 feet from the shaft
was sent et into o thin. e tunnnn ei,el;a annd 'areas had a where the bugging gear was discovered.
face-to-face showdown ? with ::the Earlier speculation about the purpose of the mi-
Soviet :.eavesdropping `specialist crowaves has included possible use of the beams to
monitoring operation ofthe bugs energize Russian bugging devices or to try to foil
Embassy. personnel.i ater I U.S electronic eavesdropping efforts.
i,.;?40,x:. ?n +ha *?nnet *n nrawanf.;, The sources here said the latest bug-hunting epi-
security, men
wee
e
sode began. late las
running a routine check spotted a suspicious wire
behind a radiator, in one of the apartments on the
fourth or fifth floor of the embassy's south wing:.--
The telltale wire led into the ventilation shaft
where the bugging devices were secreted. Near
the top.of the shaft, the sources said, investigators
found a dish-shaped antenna connected to the sur-
THE INVESTIGATORS followed the shaft down
to an underground. tunnel; The tunnel passes under
a' room. where Soviet. employees.,who clean the
embassy, are allowed' to change clothes, and then
into the basement of ..the- adjoining apartment
building: Y . { . is
It appeared the bugging devices inside the shaft
had been maintained regularly by Russians com-
ing in via the tunnel, the sources said..,.;, .:. !
There have:been several previous; efforts in.. the
history of the present American Embassy to ferret
out Soviet bugs. The embassy was originally built
as an apartment building and turned over to. the
United States in 1952.
In 1960, a'.microphone was found beneath the
beak of the eagle on a U.S. seal on an embassy offi-
cial's office wall. Later, U.N. Ambassador Henry
Cabot Lodge displayed the carved-out and wired
seal during. a U.N.' debate on the U-2 spy plane
incident.
In May ,1964,.. the. State Department disclosed
that tearing apart of walls within the embassy had
disclosed at least 40 hidden microphones, planted.
on the eighth, ninth and tenth floors."':,.:'?
veillance gear:
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Q3
THE WASHINGTON POST
7 June 1978
Brushing' aside protests ,that' most.
M
ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-1.11
members had-no Idea, what: they -were;
doing, the.: House- overwhelmingly. ap-?
proved-a $. (deleted) authorization-.bil1i
yesterday for.=the:nation's intelligence;
community..
The. vote war. 323- to; 43r-F1veother
members, voted. "present,". apparently-
followingthe' example of Rep.-John F
..Seiberlisg'(D-Ohio), who complainedIt
-that: the bill authorizes a "blank
amount; so I. intend to vote,blank."...
The ? Souse Intelligence Committee?
insisted on secrecy for' the multibil-
lion-dollar spending measure on the:
grounds- that disclosure of 'even the to-
tal.would'. generate pressure for more.<
details.
The bill, however, is believed to au-
'thorize more than $10 billion in direct'
and indirect'intelligence,expenditures?
for the Central. Intelligence Agency, .
the National Security Agency and the
rest ofthe intelligence community, in-
cluding segments of the FBI and -the
Drug Enforcement Administration.
Intelligence, Committee. Chairman
Edward P. Boland (D-Mass.) described
the =measure '.as. an important, al=,
though. , imperfect, first step. He
pointed out that the House has. never.,
before adopted -a separate authorize
tion . bill" for. intelligence' and has a1-:
ways hidden the- money in' other ap -
propriations.
The 13-member committee had -pre-'
,pared an_83=page "Classified. Anne"
for' House' colleagues'-who wanted ?tb ;
know-some details'of the bill , includ :";
ing the- overalltotal. But .Rep: James
P. (Jim) dohnson_. (R-Co1o.), one of: the;.
few House members to,read.the confi..
dential annex, said it was; virtually use-
less. 5 _ .
"The Classified Annextells ?usabso-.f
lutely nothing about what the lhtelli-
Bence community : is doing,' he-pro.
tested.
Johnson a former member of the.,'
Intelligence: panel' who emerged yes-.:
terday as; the.. most forceful. opponent:
of the , authorization; bill, said: he?
feared--that- Congress 'was "returning,
to the- days when an elite few mem-'
hers exercised~'oversight over= the in
telligences-eommunity"-and- kept, too;
many secrets to.themselves:
""8e"said',the ?:coin~tilttees `:classified;
'eportr for-;example;: was crammed.
,,with ~ -impenetrable acronyms. .that.'
made -the proposed 'expenditures vir.
tually "mdaningless:'': Meanwhile,'' he
said :lawmakers keep. coming: across,
supposedly classified information': and
"leaks to columnists in:r'
pers almost'every day:of--`the week.-
" We :don't even 'trust. elected offi:
oials with`: even, the t are-' outlines,'.'.
Johnson said adding that he resented;.
the notion that:. appointed- officials in.
the;.executive branch.;.were;somehow:
safer repositories :.of,, government se-v
Greta.
Rep: Bill D Burlison? (D-Mo.),. chair-
man of the;. Intelligence subcommittee
assigned- to the bill, 1 said- that it- had
made ``very.. substantial" cuts' in the
administration's requests: "We have-'
not servedeas. a rubber stamp,": he as-
sured the`House. -
In facetious. , tones, Rep. ' John L. `
Burton- (D-Calif.) 'wondered how in the:
world he could offer an.amendment toi
restore,the money-the.: administration
wanted. when. even the. cuts were clas
sified.
Boland indicated -his committee:
would' try to- make more` information.
available to. the House next year, but
observed that "there are some people
who will never be satisfied" with any
amount of 'secrecy.' : . . ,
. Rep. J. Kenneth Robinson, (Va.), a:
ranking Republican on the committee,.
agreed=that the", panel'-should try' to.:
avoid- "excessive use. of acronyms" in
future reports: But-%6 also pointed`-'
out that only eight House members'
were curious en6ugh about the "Class-
ified Annex"- to visit the committee .
offices 'and glance at it during. the.
three-legislative days- it -was.' avail-,
able.. '
Over..the'prolonged protests of some
House: liberals, the Intelligence Com-
mittee 'also won authority in the bill
to-require reports next year on "ex-.
clueiab ,aliens admitted- to this:
country against .the, recommendations=
:- nand said_the State De-:.
partmeut has; been;:: pr`evailing- oa the
attot ieyr general toy overrule the ' FBI '
repeatedly in : such - matters:
He 'said. that the ' committee: wants
the reports, to'determine how much of,
a' "problem of counterintelligence" '
this firs ;created for the _FBL.-
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ARTICLE APPEARED
Jack Anderson...,
THE WASHINGTON POST
4 June 1978
Toppling Infla'tion'
. The Central Intelligence Agency has
sent the White House an economic re-
port that contains ominous news for all
Americans. For the first time, the
United States has overtaken the six
leading industrial nations on the .CIA's inflation charts.
This has brought an urgent warning
from President Carter's chief economic
adviser, Charles Schultze. "Additional
federal action is essential," he told the
Cabinet behind closed doors, "to avoid
ra recession."
The CIA has recorded. the trend in
weekly charts, comparing the eco-
nomic indicators for * Britain, Canada,
France, Italy, Japan, West 'Germany
and the United. States. In'November?
1975, the U.S. inflation rate started to
gain on the cost of living in the other
industrial nations.' President- Gerald
Ford began passing out "Whip Inflation
Now" buttons and threatening to
in- voke wage and price controls. .
Now Carter is trying totighten the
federal pursestrings as an example to
the nation. He. has named Robert
Strauss as his special anti-inflation
fighter. It is Strauss's heroic mission to
persuade corporations,. unions. and
families to tighten up.
A rueful. Strauss was obliged to ac-
knowledge the other day that "the
'score is: Inflation 100 percent, Strauss
zero." This has. caused quiet despair in
the backrooms. of the White House,
where Carter has. questioned "whether
the country has the'will to combat in-
flatio
... , Without voluntary restraints, the
president won't be able to keep the lid
on the economy. His economists have
found no government elixir that will
had met with Kreps, Labor Secretary I
Ray Marshall, Treasury Secretary Mi-
chael Blumenthal and White House do- ;
ensure prosperity, without inflation. mestic adviser Stuart Eizenstat. In De-
Schultze has reported to the Cabinet: ember, Schultze began attending!
"No substantially different. approach.) regular Cabinet meetings.
has emerged that could satisfy, .tlf -
s of holding down the deficit whilq
o
al
g
also stimulating the economy, creating
"Z'
new jobs and containing inflation.
It will take sacrifices by everyone,{
It
the presidenyhas told associates, to pre-
vent the economy from going intoa
stall. But he made it emphatic that;thr
sacrifices should begin with the gov-
`
ernment.
The best way for the governme.nftd`
fight inflation, he stressed, is . to`'cbtt'
back spending. "It is sound political;'a5
well as. substantive, strategy to oppose'
excessive spending bills," he said...:
It was Marshall who suggested on 1
Dec. 5 that the federal government+
should set an example for the priyat
sector. Otherwise, he. warned, ."tberg.
will be escalating demands for wage^
and price controls or for a tighter mon-
etary policy,- both of which proposal's
are fraught with severe practical'gti
political difficulties.?' The president, quickly agreeing;
asked each Cabinet member to reasses .
the spending habits of . his or h'
agency and seek ways to hold down ins
flation. He urged the Cabinet "not to let
constituency groups dominate an agen
cy's handling of issues that have infla-
According to the confidential-i tionary impact."
minutes,.,he emphasized "the need to. Schultze volunteered that his eco:;
'th hold the line against increases id.. WI nomic experts would review 15 to.20
budget"'and* announced his1determina' key government regulations each year 1 tion "to take a'firm stance against.aay; to determine how government activi-?
additions proposed by the Congress.". ties and the regulatory process eoulci;
The confidential Cabinet minutes, in;. be used to combat inflation. "Wli6,'
dicate that the Carter. crowd didn't'. demanded Blumenthal, "would make
begin to wake up to the economic !fan the tough decisions when the regula-I
ger until last November. Commerce;: tory analyses revealed large inflatian?J
Secretary Juanita Kreps kept warming; ary effects?" Schultze said he woulit
that the gross national product,. they call upon government officials to-pro;'
measure of how well the nation s duce alternatives that would cost less-
doing economically, would be. disap-
pointing. She called for regular meet-
ings with the president's chief eco-
nomic counselor.
. By. the end of the month. Schultze
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?_ IWO
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Tt1RTICLEP EAR U.NN-...V...., 1 ~.,.,..,.,~ ~., . vu. .{. .,.,v.,.,.~., .., ., .,. ., .
rith the alarm or the worry.` ,~
The U.S:. Africa ; policy has .been
`loosely based ona presidential'direc
)ive that arose from last year's study:
of the, worldwide, Soviet-American,
,relationship, known as PRM-10
It recommended that the United
ttates .work to-: resolve troubles.in
Carter'administration is, scheduled';to
Africa .J est^. ? { xw?n~ }
a
': Once President' Carter, has consid-
,ered its `;`conclusions ;,and -chosen
among: the 'alternatives.-~,offered ,`the'
administration?rnipht. speak twithz4?
of reacting ;to the.Soviet challenge:
;speech .:.at.,:Annapolis'yesterday~;tor'
unify the discordant chorus. of official::
comments :'that', has have ` argued for;
years tha
t the CIA s estimates are
:too low.
The. CIA estimate was between 6{
`and 7 percent until 1976; Then,:after
:long skirmishing with;, the Pentagon.
over the figure;' it raised its estimate
to 11 to 13 percent. The United States,,
is now devoting 5.6 percent of GNP to
defense.
Since 1976 Soviet military.spending
is believed to have-grown faster than,
;the growth of the overall economy, sod
,that the percentage, would have to`
,creep up. But,: despite. some studies`
that suggest, it should now be, in, a.'.
range. of 13 to 14 percent, andsome'
Pentagon : contention that' an even
higher. figure is ? now' required; the.
:CIA has : officially, stuck to-.11to:13.
percent. ?
CARTER. WAS AWARE',of that
rrange, officials said. Theywereu I
-able,to say why he used the -higher,
;figure or whether Defense Secretary:
;Harold Brown; one of his advisers.on:
the speech, had recommended it
ties,. .in AfricaFroii3ai ;Pentagon4
0=?l ED
THE WASHINGTON STAR (GREEN LINE)
8 June 1978
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The speech repeated a theme that
;the administration has used before to
:try to offset what it considers alarm-
;'ist views of Soviet military strength.
Carter said that, ':"although the
Soviet Union has more missile
:launchers, greater: _ (missile-war-
head) throw-weight and more air de- I
.fense, the United States. has more
,warheads, generally greater accu-'
racy, more heavy. bombers, :a more
balanced-. nuclear: force;. better mis-
:'sile submarines and superior anti-
."submarine warfare capability."
Without challenging that present
situation, critics outside the adminis
;?;:'tration point with alarm to the Chang-
ing relationship. The United States
used to be ahead in virtually all those
measurements, they say, but now it
has lost some advantages and many
.':.Of. . those Carter still cites are fast
wasting away as=the Soviet"n~litary
-'buildup continues.
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:.ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-1,16
Photos,' Reports Said
To Back U.S.'.,Charge
of Zaire Involvement
:By'John 11ti.Goshko
and Mary Russell
The Carter,: administration,- yes-:'~
terday showed: Congress- some of
the .evidence-sate to :-';:.photo-,
graphs and reports :,from .:diplo- _.'
mats. and.: prisoners--on ?:., which.'.
President, Carter based" his 'charge.
that Cuba assisted the rebel" inva
aion of Zaire last month.
presented by Central :Intelligence:
.'Agency. Director Stansfield.Turnerto'
a closed session, of the. House ;:Intelli-
gence Committee, consisted mostly of .
information collected. from rebel,pris-,
oners, diplomats .and persons An coon; : ?
Turner displayed,., various.:: satellite
photos. that he: said showed rebel en-,
campments' near the- Zaire- botdet and;
? a. Cuban ship. being:: unloaded.in,An
,,;Bola, the neighboring Marxist countiyr.
from which the rebels launched their-'.
attack on Zaire's Shaba Province:.
t; Although` :;the `'evidence was .' de-
;scribed by the. sources: asaagely cir
ward P. Boland (D-Mass.) said,."I'm.sa
~isfied,and the committee itself is satis-'
'fied, that:' the.' president's' statement
:.
was correct."
His words' added the 'committee's:
-
backing to the support given Carter
last: week 'by'. the top: 'leadership :'of.
;'.Congress:.; Senate' Majority Leader'
.'Robert C.: Byrd' (D-W.Va.). and= Minor`
Tenn.), 'House `= Speaker.' Thomas- P.
(Tip) O'Neill Jr. '(D-Mass.} -and Minor
ity Leader John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.)
'Turner, at.theWhite House on Friday,
However, it was .sot immediately:
sional Support will' end the questions-
THE WASHINGTON POST
6 June 1978
.,:.and doubts'that have, beenexpressed
. about whether the administration has
charges against, the Cuban govern-
ment of President Fidel Castro
.These doubts have come from some
members of Congress, most notably.
Sen. George McGovern (DS.D.), . and I
asked not to be identified.' have said
the- evidence appears. too circumstan-
tial.and too susceptible to differing inn
terpretations to be conclusive:
Turner, speaking to reporters after_
his two-hour session with, the commit
tee.. yesterday, tried, to address that
"To sum up, we. have made a .very'
careful-~ and objective'-'evaluation', of
.this evidence. In intelligence; nothing
can: be black' and -white: But. from the
preponderance` 'of. the- evidence: and
s,the variety of sources. over a`period- of
time, we -can only come. to the conclu
`sion that we did'
Almost certain to add 'to the contro-
versy was the, revelatiori'by'adminis-
tration sources yesterday that none of
the ,evidence., will: be declassified and
made public-at least not under pres-
ent White House plans.
The: sources said.::;public; disclosure
l ad.been. considered.butwas rejected
outof fear it would reveal the CIA'
sources and methods of collecting in-
formation.
As a result, they added, current'
plans call only for the evidence to be
gives to the Intelligence and Foreign
Relations committees :of Congress on
a restricted, nonpublic basis. That ' de
cision, one source said, seems certain
to be,adhered to even "if it means. a
credibility gap" a :`.
Despite a statement yesterday by
House Speaker O'Neill that :the ad
ministration had evidence of Cubans
in Zaire, the administration has said,
only that. Cuba' helped. Ito train and'
equip the. rebels': in. Angola and that;
Havana knew of the plans for the in-'
vasion and did nothing to stop it..
Turner, underscored that point anew
,yesterday. "This government, made no
statement that Cubans were in Zaire
:or they, were not. The evidence is not
.'clear one way or the other," he said. -
Among those who Have men or been
briefed on some of~ the evidence;. the
biggest argument involyes.thereliabil-;:
ity of the sources from? whom the'CIA,?
obtained its information.
Persons present at yesterday's, com?
mittee. briefing. said: Turner referred
to sources: only `in 'such general terms
as "an African -diplomat" or a "man
believed to have been.one of.the rebel-..
invaders who.was: wounded'and inter-;=.'
viewed,while.a hospital;prisoner.";.;
A source who has seen one of the
intelligence reports in question noted,
that it contained 'a CIA nota ?~
thou
h
,
g
tion- that the African diplomat' who
provided the' information had. never
been used before and was therefore of
One committee member said the l
most detailed identification givenl by
Turner yesterday involved- a Belgian
national. who was taken prisoners by
the invaders and transported to a rear
area, apparently in Angola, for execu-
said, the man spoke Spanish and used
that language to plead' successfully
with 'persons in ' command over his
captors for his release.
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THE WASHINGTON STAR
ARTICLE APPEARED 8 June 1978
ON PAGE C-1
T v T NIGH'
Commentary
Carl Rowan (WTOP-TV): Mr. Car-
,,ter will have to decide whether proving his
,charges (about Communist involvement in
Zaire) is important, enough to.compromise
an intelligence breakthrough. ;A more dif-
ficult situation could be that, a high-level
Cuban official is a U.S. intelligence agent
who has revealed: what Cuba, Russia and
East Germany have been doing It is be-
yond asking that the U.S. betray a source in
Havana:. .
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ON? PAGF,f 6 ,TUNE 1978
[leaders have denied oily recent involve-
?use'Lea
went with the rebels;..who' had fled to
f
Angola from Shaba: Province, formerly
1; called Katanga..
:: . ;: in 81!.UUU' Ui i - L4.U &U3 in rinni, oe-
i cause much of the Administration's Afri-
ays He A CCep? ~s J .'can policy in recent weeks has., been
based on the assumption that the Cubans
Imat~::~ C b s and Russians were causing trouble for
.
denied by Cuban leaders.' ;. f McGovern Tells Can Version
`'Representative. Edward ` P . Boland,
D
S
S
M
G
s)eeN1 Tha Now YaeV Ttmn ,, to :bear.a heavy responsibility for-the
WASHINGTON, June 5-Adin:::Stans- "deadly attack" on Shaba, , "and it is .a
field Turner,.the.Director of Central. Intel. burden and a responsibility, shared. by
ligence;. presented evidence to the House Cuba." Intelligence Committee today .that ap- ` "We believe," the President said at that
;;geared to have satisfied its chairman that time, "that Cuba. has known of.;the
President Carter was justified In,assert- Katangaa plans to invade and obviously
ing that'Cuba had trained and equipped did. nothing to restrain them tom cross...
Katangan,:.rebels..:and knew in`advance ;ing'the border. We also know thatthe
'-'of their attack :on Zaire'f a Angola' last Cubans have played a key role in training
month. The ;and equipping: the; Katangaas who at-
ehwge has, repeatedly been tacked
"
:..s, _._.. ,,,_..:....::_ :.. . _: .. - Mr, Carter said at a news,'
conference
By BERNARD GWERTZMAN. :in' Chicago . on May 25 that Angola had
x Admiral Turner; peaking to reporters, An' Administration official said that it
was cautious in describing .the evidence' had been decided to brief !hie Senate for,
~> eign Relations Committee last, on; .the
It is my considered opinion, he said;
ground that. that.' group would. , be the
,that we -have sufficient evidence to, draw _
most critical The firs! brietsng-was att
the conclusion tha there:must;have been the White House last Friday and involved
' Cuban dnme t in? the -t ?'.arid Congressional leaders such as the Housdf
'equipping of ,these insurgent forces which Speaker, Thomas P. O'Neill Jr., Democrat
attacked the, Government of Zaire' last of Massachusetts, who commented toda
May 13 ' r F, J 'I would say that the proof is there. that
"We Midi a CRreful,:objecGve evalua . Cubans participated.in Zaire.": He also
said he understood that the Central-Intel-
tion'. of : this-no;~ 14 JUNE 1978
ssreDo~te }se V o -return
~~__
44
- L E N I N G A A D? NPI1-Bernoe F:. tion concerntag. the inter -workings of three times this year n ask about legal
questions regarding possible- prosecution
Mitchell, a cryptographer at. the' super-.: the agency.::,
secret United States National Security NSA, the-most secret amertcan intelli-: fo?P (espionage if he returned- to the
*.. Moscow : 18 ? pence aaaacvs is concerned mainly with;:,, United States:
- _~__:
de ecta
d
f
i
r- -~... -.. y
gn :.._ ~ ?
ore
yeear's' ago. _ evident y Wants W.1?comv breaking.
according- i to informed'SD~Ces ; = Americas codes. It. also. intercepts: for-, visits- there Were:: substantial communications with sophisticated, sinus but. on the, third: visit, Mitchell
Mitchell.. 49,-4nd- 8 colleague, Allan eigA communications I: Martin
- 47, were employri as...jtmior- monitoriii equipment who had to wait. a few minutes until the
t
l
dd
,
en
y go
ma consular official War free. su
in, the NW-3 cryptogra
. thematidatts A
I.enio- ,
U.S CONSULATE, official. In.
hy: department at. M Meade,:; a; up and eft: ' -' ,; t- `- .. ? _':.r.
d confirmed- that Mitchell, of Eure.r
detected tat.tl~e S??iet Union 5 ka, Cal., has.. contacted American offs ii . .THE. SOURCES aid the' fact that*
why they
in.the summer.. of 1960:; :' > ~ +r. s; the possibility of return.- Mitchell got:] past.: the: Soviet militia
After tmming.up vials. egg'
In. MOSCOW= Se fect . mg to the United States:. guard outside:. the consulate indicated
1960:,thiy,,told'reporters-they ~..~ ..94Mitchell -has visited the consulate. the visits were. carried out, with. the..
ed "for~,moral and: nchante reasons, two.times`tis year.: to talk to a_ ?consular" knowledge of Soviet, authorities:
saying'they were. dice heated: witb U:3:
U4. , r, .._, .. two. ime . .his the American 'diplomat. Mitchell lives in-Leningrad and. teach-
intelligmcamethodc.a talls'were mostly exploratory: ;t es at Leningrad. University: Martin;, of
Their-. defection csus an i
U.S..dedme r circles- beca cause 1Cwa. be-. Informed sources said Mitchell`visited .Ellensburg. Wash." also lives and works
in.
lieved .they. carried: wittt:themt: ittt4rma the American consulate in Leningrad ? Leningrad.
D
Mitchell . want ed:;ta leave this : Sopietr.U
.ion, : "got: very, angiy sand= has= bees ? try
ing to talk:.hsa> out`;o-.ic'~:+`
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AR'ICLE APPEARED
__Lff
ON PAGE
THE WASHINGTON POST
14 June 1978
li'UT' ..S ' U ~` `-/'?~{- - `.` T ' pI'. Yi.Cs~`rar~c ty +.~dtt.j ' ` ~ilf!z
lletector es Keturm ome
LEN NGRAII'_(UPF?-Berson+ possibty ;. of'.- returaiag:: to th
Mitchell,;. 'a cryptographer :at the-. -United States '
super-secret ?U.S:. Yatfonal` Security- ; '.: ' Informed . sources said-Mitchell
Aeency'who defeeted.to?Mo8cow=18:'. ` visited the, American Consulate
Mitchell,,:48 L andr: 'a-:colleaue; garding.. Possible prosecution .for:
William'-.1L Martin,"'~47,"-were`' em- --espionage if. he returned:
in the`NSA's:cryptography: depart- visits::there' were substantial dis-
is 1960 r` ,= ' ~ : visit,. MitchelI;''who had' to wait? a
theydefected-
few.,
After "tuttin - ,up= is OMM minutes until the: consular '
they saint they bad. defected "for official-: was. free, suddenly: got up
moral and .political'feasons;'_",and and left':iwithout meeting the
that.. they were diseachantedwith diplomat:":'~?L ~. ? s
U.S. intelligence#:methods.,,;, .; m Te~sources'said=the fact that'
3 ._
_ ___ ..
t the: Soviet guard , :
i
h
ll
t"
pas
l
d a
M
tc
e
go
i
-
A
s .. _. t,;,r? ' z )
.s. w
..
'..inforIIIaIIOA about.,2.1 S
wor ~Y ` . Mitchell Ilves in eninSrad and': .
breaking,forei codes;:and:Pro-r ylart iu;;'of Ellensburg,~tashc,,also*/i
letting",-Americaa:::codes:-It::?alsQ liv~es.aad;w.orks is Leningrad,
A U:S' CoasuIafe:: ofSMal'- in :;that.-,Mitchell: might:. leave=.. thee.
L
i
g~
en
Eureka. :Calif,:".had .contacted' has_been_trying to,.talk?.him out.,
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-22
States bent the rules last month..by arresting; publiciz- the Soviets will
continue to enjoy enhanced-.opportuni
ing and holding for trial on high bail-,rather than qui- ties. to collect intelligence. here, then it-is the task of
etly expelling-two accused Russian spies: The Krem- U.S.= counterintelligence to limit the damage. There is
lin quietly warned that "two . can play at this game.' no particular benefit, we feel, in breaking the tacit
When, soon, further publicity. was given to "discovery' rules by which these activities go on. The rules not only
of. a Soviet-operated electronic listening post in. the regulate. intelligence operations. They also prevent in-
U.S. embassy in Moscow, the Russians publicly protest- telligence activities from souring the climate in which
some American officials privately. accept,. the United - worth the stress and risk of conducting. If that means
not been equal That s why the air has been unusually.. side. Experience should have shown what sort of. opera'
-In recent months, at course,' political things have ._ supplement to intelligence operations carried on out-
THE WASHINGTON POST
16 June 1978
HE PROCESS .OF' ..Soviet-American. relations- ...In quick sequence they disclosed that they had quietly
comes down to a continuing quest to draw rules ousted an accused American spy last July, and they
to keep competition. within. bounds-The pursuit of pulled an American businessman out. of his car on a.
rules is acknowledged in regard- to strategic arms. It. Moscow, street on a reported smuggling charge. Ap-
Is tacit in regard to espionage: Both, sides long ago de- parently he was arrested to be. exchanged for the ar.
cided to spy-but within limits.-.Though they surely rested Russians regardless, we do not think.his.,com-
know or suspect who most of each:other's agents are,.- pany,.International Harvester, should do normal busi
they grant them entry and let them operate-while ness with the Russians until he is free.. yy : ;
keeping an. eye on them. The two-governments shy. If the-United States were prepared to forego spying-
from doing physical. harm. to each other's, agents. Po- there, it would be in a position to crack down hard on
litical things beingequal, each hesitates to embarrass- Soviet. spying here. But espionage. conducted inside
the other's intelligence service by exposure.",_ Russia remains an attractive and presumably useful
ed this "artificial aggravation oLEast-West relations. rules on more important matters are pursued.
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 1KRTI(~L` PPE ED PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER
ON PAGE- 15 JU~YE 1978
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Arrest jars..
executives
in Xoscow
Associates- Preis
MOSCOW - Stunned by the arrest
of an -Alabama' salesman, American
businessmen working here said after
a meeting yesterday at the U. S. Em-
bassy that they were: worried about
where the Soviets might strike next.
More than 40: industry representa-
tives gathered at. the luncheon with
high-ranking members . of the em-
bassy to discuss- what'had happened
to Francis. J. Crawford; : the Moscow
representative for. International Har-
vester, who was dragged from his
car by police Monday night. The. po-
lice took him- away,- leaving behind
his fiancee, who'sought in vain to see
him in prison yesterday.
Crawford;' 38, of Mobile,.'Ala., was
charged with smuggling and held in
Lefortovo prison.. U. -S. Embassy
legal experts said they believed he
would be accused of - smuggling cur
rency, an offense punishable by up to
10 years in. prison. Western observers
here expect -the Soviets., to try to
trade him for two Soviet U.N. 'em-
ployes who are on trial as spies in
New Jersey.
Crawford was arrested: only hours
after the Soviet. newspaper- Izvestia
had reported that a CIA agent for- ,
merly attached to the U. S. Embassy
here was expelled last July ;for spy-
ing. Izvestia said the agent,:. Martha
D. Peterson?.had-provided-,poison to
an accomplice who used it to kill "an
innocent '. Person'. who-stood ' in his
way.-"r
'The Soviets had threatened to ex-
pose U. S. espionage activities in re-
taliation for the accusations against
Valdik Enger and Rudolph Cher-
nayev, who are being tried in New
ark, N. J., on charge of conspiring to'
pass U. S.-Navy secrets to Moscow,
and because of recent U. S. charges
that the Soviets- bad- bugged the i
Aernrican Embassy in Moscow. '
The luncheon yesterday, one of a]
series of. monthly gatherings organ
-ized for businessmen by the' U. S.
Gmmercial Office here, reportedly
was devoted almost'. exclusively to
Crawford's arrest. . .
One businessman said that. those at:-
the. meeting, virtually all the Ameri- -
can' executives here, agreed to for-
mally ask their corporate headauar
ters what. action, -if any, should. be
taken as a result of Crawford's. ar-..
rest.
".The business source said some par-
ticipants suggested telling the Soviet
Foreign. Trade Ministry "something.
to. the effect that if you want good re--
lations, you can't have businessmen.
yanked, out of their cars."
Embassy sources said that Craw-
ford's'' fiancee, Virginia O1brish, 32,
who is from Philadelphia, was barred"
from seeing him yesterday but did
not argue with officials. It was hoped
that the couple could meet later this
week.
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'ARTICLE APPEARED
NEW YORK TIMES
15 JUNE 1978
matador Malcolm Toon had asked for secre-
_cv about the incident and that the Soviet
Union had "found it possible to keep the
incident from public knowledge."
? But the article said that, instead of
treat ?T' ussiansj fellowiarg this practice, the- United States
sources said today 'that- Foreign Minister
Andrei A. Gromyko:'warned Secretary' of
State Cyprus R. Vance two-..weeks. ago
that?the.Soviet Union would.soon`retali
ate- against American. in-. Moso- unless.
scw
the United- States released two?Soviet em-
--ployees of. the, United Nationsc`b'eing held;
on espionage charges:
According- to . an.authoratative:account
of? the ;Vance Gromykor-meeting;- which'
vas in New. York` oa May:31.,.Mr.. Grosny-
ko raised strong: objectiona%,1 trhdt; he;
tion of an unofficial understanding in re-
cent years that alleged espionage activity
committed by., each against the other
would' not be subjected. to excessive piib
licity.
Gromyko said, according to the
account made available, today. that..the
United`; States, in -~:keeping. with -recent
practice; .should allow:the. Soviet citizens
to" leave the Unitett States, of at the mini-
mum be freed on reasonable-bad pending
-,-Otherwise--l' he-,reportedly cautioned
ta:at 'caa plays tfie'sam game," ; As a
f result.- American: officials had been wait-
ing-..,f om the?retaliation to occur, and? it
apparently began orr Ivtonday in Moscow
in . two_episodes and may not be over
3oviec espionage."' -1 his was similar to
the tine of argument used by Mr. Gromy?
DSO-.a......~_._...__. _ .. -......_.._ _.__ _. -...
Officials said that despite Mr. Gromy-
ko's warning nothing. was done to alert
Americans in Moscow becasue it was not
]'snown precisely what the Russians might
do.
'The second development was the arrest
on Monday night by the Soviet. police
dR F. Jay Crawford, a service representa-
tive of International Harv'ester' a farm
4nd : construction -equipment .t company.
with a' long 'and 'active&tade-relationship
\vith the Soviet' Union.
Mr. 'Crawford was arrest4 while he
wasp in his car with his .fiancee and
stoppe, at a 'traffic-light.?'He?was- pulled
-from the car and `taken 'by..the police
cbrectly to prison, reportedly on currency
vidtation charges.
-The arrest of Mr. Crawfortfwas regard-
ed by officials here as directly related.11
to the continued detention of:.:the-4woi
.Soviet- employees of the : United 'Nationsi
,The harsh manner in- which he was seized.i
was also seen here as a signal-to Wash-"
yet.:-:
[ington ? that the Soviet Union - was ready
The last incident the disclosure by Iz to -respond in a tough manner...
vestia, the Government newspaper; of the Officials_ here -said.-thaG_they-had no
detention nearlya*-year`. ago.of:Martha idea why Mr. Crawford had been singled
Peterson,, a vice -consul of the Amercan out : r :..
Embassy; on espionage; charges. _-,..There was an assumption by State De
Mrs.- Peterson, who .was said offi partment officials that the ruling given
by burn of the Communist Party
had given
cials hereto be. an employee of the Cen4 the Soviet security police, the K.G.B., au-1
trai- Intelligence Agency;., was-. permitted thority to arrest Americans not having:
to leave the Soviet Union without publici- diplomatic immunity as direct retaliation
oc thearrest of their citizens.
ty. In the article, Izvestie said .that Ambas- ' Link to U.S. Arrests Is Seen
- One? officiel said-that he doubted that
either the Soviet Foreign Ministry or the
I Foreign Trade Ministry.had a. choice as
to which, American would-be-'rested.
t--- "If-- they had,_Vm sure! they wouldn't
have 'picked International. Harvester,, o
of the strongest voices for Soviet-Ame'i-
.can trade-in .tliis,_countrq.' the- official.
said.. - ,..:.- .~.:
Some officials said' that:they. expected
that the:Soviet Union mightarressone or
more 'additional ' Americans-"They also
said' they expected . further; :revelations
soon about other.-American espionage in-
cidents in the past to counter. the publici-
ty given not only to the- arrest of the
two Russians but also to the .discovery
late.last month of 'elabora'te Soviet listen-
ing- dieyices 'in .the-American..-Embassy.-
The two Soviet employes under deten-
tion are Rudolf P. Chernyayev and Valdilc
A. Engel,- who. were arrested- on Ma ' 20
in a shopping center in-Woodbridge; I.J.
As employees of.'the United: Nat ;pns
Secretariat,.-neither Mr.. Chernyayev nor. '
Mr. Enger, is.. entitled: to diplomatic im..
with them;: Vradimir P. Zinyaldn,.wasjl-
sion to -the- United Nations-and' as, sucIjg
had diplomatic immunity
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WASHINGTON, June.. 14. Authoritative-' and other Russians charged was. a viola=
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9
ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-20.
THE WASHINGTON POST
15 June 1978
Groinyko Said
Oslo,
U
ns Arrest
,.? y, -., = ovlcn Enger and Rudolf Petrovich
Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Chernyayey-pleaded innocent to
.: A. Gromyko' ~ toe -'Secreta the charges and were ordered held
. . .. -'Secretary, State inlieu of $2 Million bail each.
Cyrus: R:: Vance lateIast Gromyko ?was reported to be es.
government that his government was in pecially upset by. the unusually
ceased by . the; highly publicized high. bail set for the two Russians.
arrest-of=two`Russian nationals on. He pointedly advised Vance that
spy.. charged and-might retaliate the Soviet Union .was: capable of:
against Americans, a U.S..,official' retaliating against Americans in
Moscow, said one official
disclosed last night.:, = The apparent Soviet retaliation
"Two can play at this game," surfaced Monday when Izvestia, .
Gromyko was ''reported to have the Soviet government newspaper,
warned Vance in New York during claimed d that Martha D: Peterson,
discussions which d'eaIt rimariI IA agent posing as a U.S. em-
p y bassy official, was expelled last .
with efforts to. conclude a treaty July after she allegedly was
limiting strategic. nuclear weapons, caught planting espionage devices.
said one official who asked not to ` On-Monday ni rawfo-S: business.
be identified.. man Francis J. Crawford, the blos.
cow representative for Interna.
The'Russian nationals who were tional. Harvester, was arrested on
employed at the United Nations smuggling charges.
Secretariat were arrested in New "It's clear the Soviets telegraph-
Jersey on May. -20.- and charged ed their punch," a U.S. official
w
71.7 ith espionage...,-i said, referring to Gromyko's warn-
The Soviets=Valdik: Aleksand- ing and the following arrest.
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THE WASHINGTON POST
ARTICLE APPEARED 15 June 1978
ON PAGE A -20
Nies Under G1~s, Washingt .... On . MOth
In a Dramatic Departure From the Past, Espionage Cases Get Wide Publicity
? :..near "+`
.. agwo Pont scuf.Wrner::.. ;;_,';,:
The -. State:. Department acknowl`
edged yesterday that the Soviet Unio ..
.and-the United States .have-secretly
handled:'..a-;`great many'":;espionage
cases of. the sort .; that are' being
publicized by both sides ,_
.:The. acknowledgement 'bolstered
yvhat'government. sourcesh"ave -said
privately for the past week:-,that.the
`unwritten rules" of., spying;., which
dictated mutual discretion,. are break-
ing
`The- change.in approach has accom-
panied a deterioration. in Soviet-Amer.
f'an relations over-the past year. Govl
ernment experts. said they expect fur.
t5er splashes of publicity about espio-
nage cases in the coming weeks.
rt-The latest of?these'.came. Monday,
when the Soviets revealed that nearly
a year ago they detained and then ex-
pelled Martha; D. -Peterson,::- a ..CIA
agent posing. as=a' diplomat in,Moscow,
after they caught her allegedly plant-
ing espionage devices on. a bridge
crossing the Moscow River.
The U.S. ambassador in Moscow re-
portedly asked the Soviets at. the titn
to avoid publicity about .the incident,
.which. they did until this week.
Sources have; .speculated that 'the
'Soviets:: brokeitheir_silence.because
the United States made public two-So-
viet spying incidents, including the ar
rest last month of two Soviet U.N . em_
ployes- who had allegedly paid. $20,000
for secret' American:..antisubmarine~.
warfare documents.;;-.
That arrest;' said one knowledgeable
source,. probably would- not have oc-
curred two .ears. ago, when ; Soviet-
American relations were more calm.
"It clearly changed the rules of the
game," the source said, and going
ahead with it "was clearly a major
and serious decision-made at: the high-.
est levels." ....t>.:
State Department spokesman Tom
Reston declined to -comment on.
whether there has been as conscious
change of policy in handling such
cases.- Responding to a question about
the Martha' -Peterson case,. however,.
he said that "over the years, many of
these cases have not become public."
Later be. added that "a ? great. many . of
them just do- not crop up." ~~
Government statistics show .a signi=l
ficant.increase in U.S. prosecutions of
espionage activity over the past three
years. Tea defendants have been pros-
ecuted:since:=June 1975, according to
the.- Justice Department, more than
during,- t1ieA=ai1 of the- previous 10
,In recent months, the government-)
has moved-'publicly against the two
U.N.. employes,- a third Soviet dipla
mat stationed at the United Nations
and an alleged Washington-based spy- ; li
ing ring designed to: funnel informa
lion to Vietnam. .
Recent- newspaper 'stories revealed
the-existence of a secret Soviet-oper-
ated electronic listening post In the
south wing of U.S. embassy in Mos-
cow.
All this activity is in sharp contrast
to the way things were generally done..
during the 1960s and much - of the
1970s. With a minimum of publicity, if
any, the Soviets and Americans would
cite "circumstances" or "inappropriate
behavior" on the part of the other side
and declare the offender persona non.
grata.
A lively debate- within the adminis
tration - preceded... Preside ii Carter's -
decision to approve prosecutionof the.=,
most recent case of alleged Soviet. es-
pionage-the arrests of - the- U.N... em--x
ployes-according to sources:,;;
State Department and' CIA officials-,
argued against: arresting the. two So?
viet: officials because they-- feared- re==
taliationbythe Soviet Union,.='
But `Attorney, General Griffin B.
Bell took: the'. position that-the case
should be tried because it was a clear
violation of law by Soviets not cov-
ered by diplomatic-'immunity;' Justice=
Department sources. said..
Though Carter finally 'sided'."with
Bell, Justice-, officials said they did not -
.view the decision as. a major shift in
U.S. policy, toward -Soviet. espionage
cases. "It's.; all being handled on: a - !
case-by-case basis," one Justice. official.
said- . , f
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-20
THE WASHINGTON POST
15 June 1978
Soviet Harac?Q
Vk7me,&% t a
*By Kevin Klose. r s'
Washington Post Foreign service,
MOSCOW - In the. past "o-"year-
as relations between: the United
States and the Soviet Union have-
gradually gradually deteriorated from the hey-
?day of detente six years ago, incidents
of harassment and intimidation of
American diplomats, businessmen and
journalists. here have - increased in.'.
number and severity,.:
There is no? doubt in- the minds of.
seasoned observers that the incidents,
constitute-'a - rough barometer - of
Kremlin feelings toward Washington.
In the past :two 'days; two incidents
have underscored this notion .
On Monday, the : Soviets accused a
former U.S. diplomat here- having
been involved in a CIA plot, allegedly
involving a murder, to "stop detente"
by espionage. The following day, it'
was revealed that. Soviet police had.
dragged an American businessman
from his car in downtown Moscow
and had detained. him-on a reported...
smuggling charge.
Both acts are virtually unprece-
dented. Never before have the Soviets
directly accused the CIA of killing a
Soviet citizen ??as part' of a spy plot.
While businessmen have occasionally
been searched at customs points;, no
one here could remember an incident
of such crude intimidation'as the seiz
ing of,F. Jay Crawford.
- ,'
There are more than nano dozen.
American companies-with: representa-
tives here and the arrest of Crawford
sent shock waves-through this group
Many of them gathered at the-..em-
bassy commercial office yesterday-for.
?a briefing by U.S, officials
"They're upset and some' are'scar-
To a degree, the two incidents' must
be seen as separate examples of the
tensions between the two-superpowers..
Relations between the Garter adminis
tration and the Kremlin? are in.a pe-
riod of extreme difficulty. as the two
governments attempt to find a suc-
cessful way to address each other's
.concerns and conclude: a-nuznbez of
important agreements involving- both
.nuclear weapons and.. conventional
forces. _ s
ies
The case'=of the diplomat; Martha D.
Peterson,.. whose connection, with the
CIA:-has ?been..confirmed,..is. seen- by
many' sources. here as a: straight ,So-
viet retaliation 'against the =revelation
two weeks ago by the U.S. ? Embassy
that, .it.-.had;. found Soviet eavesdrop-'.
ping equipment on Embassy grounds.
Both governments in the past have
sought to blunt each. other's allega.
Lions- of espionage activity with reve-
lations of their own. But the serious-
ness of the. charge in ,the :Peterson
case hints at a new intensity in the
Kremlin's. approach.
":Similarly, . the Incident involving
Crawford a. representative of Interna-
.tional Harvester, a company with tensl ?
of millions of dollars in contracts here
and run by`-an outspoken-advocate of
:closer.,'U.S Soviet _trade+ties,' evokes
ghosts.. of the, cold, war Stalin- era.
Not?Inng1 ago,.such' incidents would
shave :tieen unthinkable.., That was: i
the days. when: Soviet leader LeonidI
Brezhnev,:and President Nixon hadl
found responsive notes .,of trust and!
understanding that- shaped and softl
ened?".Soviet-American relations from
the 1972 summit through.'the firsi
months of the Ford administration.
In the spring of -' 1976,S'with' Presi-
dent. Ford, beginning. to find political?
troubles.. itlydetente following Soviet'
?involvement ; in 'Angola,:' harassment
,began.=-anew for. - .Americans living
:here. Several:US. diplomats were?jo
tied and spat upon and warned that
"worse.could' -happen" AL demonstr
'tions against, the Soviet Union in the
:United- States by the Jewish Defense
League did'---notes. cease. When the
:league ceased: its protests' against So-
'viet treatment of Jews,. the harass-
ment also stopped..
As events have-unfolded since, how.
ever; the'. atmosphere.here for Ameri-
can :correspondents and diplomats es-
pecially has been. marked by renewed
pressure. The .'principal -cause hasi
been Kremlin. alarm;-at the- increased
contacts between the small; scattered
groups of'hiimanrights,.,activists here
and the reporters. This alann.'turned
to fury when President Carter made
human rights a major issue of his-new
administration and publicly supported
the dissidents,
? The KGB secret police neutralised
the embassy's - specialist.: in:: human
rights activities by heavy-handed sur-
veillance. The state-controlled press
began denouncing several American I
correspondents working here at the
time: George. Krimsky of Associated i
Press, Alfred-W. Friendly. Jr. of News-'
week, Christopher Wren of: The 47ew
York Times, Peter Osnos. of. The
Washington Post and Robert. Toth :o
The Los Angeles Times.
Krimsky; Friendly and Wren were-
accused of working for the Central In-
telligence Agency, the first time-.in'
memory that journalists had been di.,
rectly accused of working for the CIA.
Krimsky was expelled on alleged cur.
rency irregularities and Toth was
later seized and questioned, allegedly!
for possessing confidential state docu
ments...-.,.::._.:-=:::.,.:?:? ........ :.: ,::
The press campaign against these{
five has continued, although none)
works here ' any-longer., Krimsky,
Wren and. Friendly recently were la-1
beled as CIA- agents in a half-hour tel-
evision show that was -a clear warning!
to viewers to' avoid 'contacts with]
American corresporidedts:-Tice-"cam-
paign against the reporters has been
combined with`aioves against'the dis.
sidents, including arrests, intimidation,
and-involuntary emigration. ::a5 - ?
'In the year since. Toth. was seized, i
the KGB has repeatedly stopped jour
nalists. from taking photos of'hews?
events- and on several occasions has.
'seized film. CBS correspondent..Bler-'
nard Redmont has . been interfered
with three times. Another correspond-,
ent was detained for almost five -hours
by Soviet border guards as he drove
back from Poland and many, of his
notes and research files. were--seized
and not returned. :. ,4,,.. .
A' Soviet newspaper recently= de-
pounced another reporter -and 'othe
similar incidents have occurred to cre-
ate : an atmosphere of frustration
within the small community of report-
ers. - - ?
The recent spate of harassments?$is
in part caused by the unfolding of
events: a major trial of ..dissident
leader Yuri - Orlov, which -triggered
many incidents; a series-of demonstr
a-
tions by dissidents-and Jews. seeking,
The Soviet reaction to these events
leaves little doubt in the minds: of
many about how- the Kremlin cur
rently feels about some of the. forei
Prq it findi_irpcidins?in sky midst:-.-,,,.-
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ART1OE r^. 4PPr ARE. NEW YORK TIMES
67757! ~GE 15 JUNE 1978
y n~? l s liar
'With NewVi or
By NICHOLAS_:M , HORROCK
WASHINGTON, June 14-Suddenly:.this
.spring it was,atl back in. the' headlines:
;secret agents,:'double agents, rnail drops,
code books-and invisible writrng'.There:
has been more public- attentian,: to inter
national espionage'in the last sikmonths
than at any time iii ?.a dec-
ade. A. eold?.war espionage:
News.. ''' apparatus that many: Amen-
- Analysis cans. thought had-; been rele-
gated, to the py noveL and
the- movies again. seems to
.be in ? place; and- flourishing..: What:-is :not
clear-is: Why this sprtng?~~ _ ';:;,:_ one possible-.reason-for the:-latest flurry
is--the. Soviet, contention;; expressed :": to
Secretary of State Cyrus: R:. Vance by
Foreign Minister Andrei?.:?A..Gromyko two
weeks ago,. that. the: United: States; had
violated an. informal- understanding. of re-
cent years-by its highly publicized arrest
of two Soviet empioyees-of':the- United
Nations and. the. refusal' to lower.the.ex
traor?dinarily high $2 million bail on each.
i At that time,: Mr.-_Gromyko::'threaten
Soviet retaliation: ; _-agains:. Amen n
agents,
-According to seaio.r-diplom`stic.sources;
expelled a' consular offier here in -a fur.-
intelligence officers and `present and for- Cher act of retaliation..
njer counterespionage experts, several, .In which the id next two months officers several-casee
.1
violated unwritten diplomatic protocol by 1 unrelated, kept the kept th eye one are
vin widespread public eye on spio-+
. g publicity.?to. thearrest nage.The United . States arrested, tried t
other factors may have contributed to the and convicted two men of giving national
developments.. security secrets to. Vietnam and expelled
At. the -highest level, they;: maintain; its-chief -delegate:,: ,to the United Nations.
are deteriorating diplomatic relations be- The. Canadian- Government,--: chose
tween the Soviet Union and the-United. counter-espionage activities are,:-closely
states.. They say this means that''deci- 1'coordinated-:with. those in the. United
sions for arrest, expulsion, on? exposure States; ordered, II Soviet diplomats-and
of spies in both countries. maybe, made other personnel home. after an undercov-
fpr diplomatic reasons as well as on? the
?er man identified them as part of a con-
facts of the particular case. , _;.` : spiracy to :get secret, information about
t.c
Another factor, one source-said. is that operations of-the Royal.Canadian Mount=
tfie-United, States concluded: last fall that ed Police. t .. ;.
Soviet. espionage activity here;'+had. ' bgot- - In April,. Arkady' N. Shevchenko,. hi
ten out of-hand'.'. in the sense that.So- Soviet citizen employed at the 'United
veet intelligence officers were undertak- Nations Secretariat, quit his high-ranking
lag injudicious operations that were vii- post , and elected, to stay in the United
tjially, a-'Arov_ocation. States. Intelligence sources said he had
On Dec. 23, the United States expelled told them he could give the United States
a:Soviet:diplomat in what one top-:intelli- information on the - activities of the
:gtnce officer called a clear-cut case of K.G.B., the Soviet intelligence service, in
espionage. .;However.- the United States the United States........
abided' by a tacit diplomatic agreement Last month, agents of the Federal Bu=
vuth theSoviet. Union that restrains pub- reau of. Investigation arrested two Soviet
lication ,of-.Information when one or the employees of the United Nations and
other's spies get caught "with their hands charged i6.""~,?.;,-,-.,y ;~:... ..- . -,. .. ,~,~~,,, _ them with stealing secrets
1 Expelled From Canada about United States submarine defenses.
1
,. I _..p The State Department ordered the Soviet
S venal weeks' later the Soviet Union, Union to recall a third man who was
'iii retaliation,. expelled an American dip- released because he had diplomatic im-
lomat?who United States officials said munity.
was not involved in intelligence work One key source said the arrest was
T:re' United- States,' several key sources a'- deliberate effort' to send the Soviet
said, felt "this threw the whole thing Union the message that-its espionage ac-.
oa of'-balance"- and --in late January it tivities in the United States _had__.to be .
curtailed ' his source and several others
said that the vast increase in-Soviet citi
zees on--official duty here and a treaty
arrangement allowing Soviet ships to call
at 40 American ports .had sharply. in-
creased Soviet espionage efforts.
This week the Soviet newspaper Izves-
tia published details about what it said'
was a Central Intelligence Agency opera-
tion in Moscowt;last, July. Also this week
the Soviet police; ' in' what may be, a fur-:
ther card in the same diplomatic game,
detained an American- employee, of the
International Harvester Company, _,......'
Beneath. the . diplomatic. level, several
other currents are at work; according to
interviews. Both the- United States and
Canada have stepped"'. up their counter
-pionage activities, and. the United States'
particularly. has enlarged. the number of
agents working on Soviet bloc intrusions.
Soviet agents, on the. other hand;' seem
more bold, less restrained by. the dangers:
of exposurd. In one instance;, Soviet offi-
cials made a direct contact with 'a- senior
United States Government official, *on.
source said. In the naval secrets case,
one former intelligence. officer said, the:
Soviet operatives seemed to move far
more quickly-than they did in 'the'past
.and were less concerned that they might'
be dealing with a provocateur, working
for the F.B.I....: , :.._,,..:.,..
Moreover, several sources said, Moscow
seems to be playing to American public
opinion by publicizing' 'spy stories it
deems to be harmful- to the C.I.A.'s inter-
ests. The Izvestia article was the second
time in a- year-that a Soviet publication
had talked in detail about espionage and
Counter-espionage.
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BALTIMORE EVENING SUN
14 JUNE 1978
rft
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? ARTICLE AP EA
ON j'AGE f
PRILADELPSIA INQUIRER
1l JUNE 1978
is arrested
in Moscow
MOSCOW An Alabama business-
man working, here was.. arrested by:
Soviet authorities-. after- being- drag-C
ged from' his. car at. a traffic signal
and driven- away.by Soviet police, the=
U. S. Embassy reported yesterday. It-~
is believed that a violation- of. Sbviet"
currency laws maybe involved.
The embassy sent; a- . formal> letter
to the Soviet: Foreign -,Ministry' pro-
testing' the- behavior - of : the offic '
who arrested. Francis: J... Crawford,
38, a Moscow representative of Inter
national Harvester; an: agricultural-,
equipment. firm And U. S. State-De-
partment spokesman- Thomas Reston
said in Washington that the: matter
had beem raised with Anatoly' F. Do="
brynin, the Soviet ambassador.
Crawford's..arrest. came less: than.
24 hours after the Soviet newspaper
Izvestia reported that MarthaD. Pet-
erson, a former U. S.-Embassy.staff-
member, . had - actually been- expelled..
for espionage when -she- left the coun ;~
try- last summer
A well-informed Soviet source-said
he did not believe that there was. any;
connection between: Crawford's:. case
and that of two Soviets, who- arebeing-.
Soviet source said that iin.curre'ncy
t ied'in New Jersey for alleged espio= matters "there is nd leniency."
sage. Consular officials reported that
put Western diplomatic sources.. they had met late yesterday with
Crawford, but declined to divulge his
said there was, "The Soviets have a condition or. to 'comment on the
teadition, when their. hand is, caught charges against him, citing. U.S. and laws.
ttwas
dis~ is t7te cookie jar, of trying to possibly clSoviet osed v hriv e he aIbeing held, but
get something, in return, _a: Western informed sources: said officials met
diplomatic source said.: with him at Lefortovo Prison.
The source; said that'; he' thought`;;. Crawford's,' fiancee, Virginia 01-
C~twford might be- "an innocent vic :: brish; 32, was with him when he.was
tho' of deteriorating U. S:-Sovlet.rel arrested. She is a secretary in: the
_ U.S. Embassy's commercial section
Legal. experts at the- embassy .said,.
however; that they believed currency
violations. were- involved in Craw-
fgFd's. arrest. He was charged under-
Artide 78 of, the Soviet criminal code,
.,vfttch.: carries' a 3.. to. 10-year prison
teat.
The. article refers to smuggling or.
t hp: illegal transfer of goods. or other
valVMes-across the Soviet border..--A
and'immediately- notified her office;
officials said.
The two planned to be.married this
stammer, according' to- a friend..
Crawford; who is from Mobile, has
been working.. in-,? Moscow for two
years.
An Internatiohi I Harvester 'spokes
man in Chicago, Harry. W. Conner, .
said that Crawford had-a good record
and- was- unlikely- to have been- in-
volved. in -currency wrongdoin& -
Miss Olbrish refused . to talk with.
reporters._.: :.: : : -
Sources said that the two had been- `
on their way to a- diplomatic- party
Monday. night- when uniformed mill- -
tiamen? stopped their car at a` traffic
signal on a downtown street. -
Police- pulled Crawford. out: and.
drove him away the sources said,
They tried to detain miss Olbrish, but-
she claimed - diplomatic- i ty~.
and went to the embassy; the sources.
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4RTICLE APPEARED
terminal' not far from the center: of;
a : red light..: neat.: the .:Kiev railroad
about two-: years;: ?.wa&_, apprehended':;
smuggling; statute; . an American: Em--
bassy spokesman said Tuesday:.
The, charge= carries"a prisarr: term:
of from 3 to' 10.Years:
:- Live'of':t o CMeago-based7Internation
al HarvesterCw was dragged:, from.
his car b* Soviet. police: Monday, night
and charged. with-., violating an : anti-
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
14 JUiIEE 1978
}MOSCOW--The Moscow'repiresenta-.
~Crawford's: finances- : Virginia: _O1d= ;. .
brish, 3Z< of: Philadelphia, an employe;
cial section;*. was..-. him'. at the Francis`Jay: Crawford
A CONSULAR.oificer,fromtheem- spying charges
basisy me ,.*ith- Craw fordtuesdaY.:-'TAE 'ARREST COivtES.'.at a tlaee
and a rani g ' diplomat'1n . the. em when` relations :between the two su-
baesy's Political: section' delivered a*, perpowers:;:are?rapidly' souring:: The-
Soviet': United. States-::recently .accused: the,:
Soviets of having' installed listening'
The !foreigm:.ministry said-Crawford: devices in tom. American ?Embassy.
was: being. detained,' under.: Article. 7i '`.. here.. The +Soviets- have accused ele-
of the;criminai? code-of, the.Russian.: meats: in. the' United. States of treat-
republic,; which deals with the. illegal ing a...
The: iaeident; partia>larIy the method
of. arrest;: was viewed-. by. diplomats as
part of-an intensification: of. official. Pres-
sure against Americans: residents,.one re-
sult-of worrsening.-Soviet-American rela-
lion
Unthec::"revelations" of American . eapio?
In decent weeks,' President Carter and
his national .security adviser, Zbigai .
Brzezinski,;. have-' focused sharp accuse
tions . at' Moscow over. Soviet: and. Cuban
military involvement In Africa, a continu.
ing Soviet: arms buildup,. Soviet vialatimm
of . hum~a~i ..: riiwghts,, and other. aspects:. or,
.S behavior.- -.il o r f ":+Cy'~
Mole latitudefor.. Soviet Yolin: :
Such ~ increase.. in tenstoir.. usually
gives, greater . latitude:. to the. police in
the Soviet Union and Americans in. Mos.
cow often become-targets;.........
Many. foreigners.. have. long suspected
that.Soviet police authorities-are behind
the - activity of some of the young men
outside: tourist. hotels offering black-mar.
het deals of, rubles for-dollars or.exorb
taut.- amounts in rubles- for- Western
clothes - and records, The assumption ?
foreigners, who, live here Is, that Iftl
of the. offers, and' perhaps most,: are. in.
tended to: entrap: Westerners. and. st"
title- policeevidence, to :use. against them
it desired;... '.:.!
It?.is not clear. why the Russians-would
want to. make, a case against Mr. Craw.
ford.-He directs-.International Harvester'
off! ~.,
rid; the fast machinery com...
puny does. important business:-with: the
Soviet
;The -company has sold large quantities
of agricultural equipment to the Russians.
at'a time-when some American. concerns
have become doubtful about the, potential
of- the Soviet: market. in the. midst of
political strains with- the West It would
seem-illogical, some. observers comment.
ed, for the Russians to scare off business-
men by police maneuvers, -
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ARTICLE APPEARED THE BALTIMORE SUN
ON PAGE .7L 14 June 1978
;' posing spycase3 9 ~_ F ', K.
But there:Was.ammediate_speealation
here that Soviet authorities had something
more. complerin mind with' the. arrest of-
Mr.. t rawrora Lacking' diplomatic im..
munity;' he could.: be?' seen as a?. political'-
Counterpart: to:, two -Soviet -citizens now-,
: awaiting triaLin=NeW:Jersey for.: buying:
?U.S,militarysecrets: ?^---.~ -:-
-.The. two Soviet citizens:'.Vaidik A En
: ger, 39,.. and Rudolt P..,Chernyayev, 43;.
have. been .held: ins lieu of $Zmillio. n bond
for plotting.to obtain secrets: regarding
antisubmarine:warfare:: Both:.employees'.
:.of the United Nations;. they were arrested::
-last' month: W4. :Woodbridge-1 " "shop
ping center:..
As U.N. employees, they lack diplomat-
ic, immunity.: They were seized with a
third Soviet citizen, Vladimir-P.: Zinyakin,..
39, a diplomat:who since has _left tlieUpit
charged an American': businessman with
violating currency-laws, the latest ie.a se- ..
ries of episodes.:aniAmerican diplomat:
termed ,.symptomatic of deterioration" in
superpower relations. r
Francis.. J.~ ;Crawford;`` M"- of Mobile.
Ala.; was takwn,'forcibly'! from: his car in :
Moscow at 7`. P1 L: Monday.; a=State- De
partment, spokesman-: said :'; The= United
State s' protested:"the-behavior of~arrest-
lag author ities'" even before =consular officers gained access to Mr Crawford
yesterday. ';zY s_+ -j tike
Mr: Crairford:was desciibed'as the lun-?
ior-- representative:.oLIuternational'. Har- -.;
wester Company,in'.Moscow. His arrest oc
. curred 'shortly:: after. Soviet officials re-
..ported, the expulsion last July of as Amer-
ican woman diplomat, Martha, D.. Peter-'...
son, for espionage'thatincluded.comptci-
ty, in murder. rN::.... _
' American.: diplomats judged( that-the
announcement, concerning Mrs: Peterson,
? : 32, then a third: secretary, was retaliation'
for Americaa:publicity regarding. recent-_
bugging of the:.U.s. Embassy. Soviet offi-
cials' had ' warned: publicly; in fact;: *that they would adopt a tit for tatpolicyin ex
-,- .- American=officials suspect that the So-
viet government may be attempting to in-
fluence.: the News Jersey: case by- demon
strating. through. the arrest of Mr. Craw-
ford, the vulnerability of non-diplomats.
Andrei A. Gromyko, the Soviet Foreign
.?-Mlnister, voiced his displeasure over "the
matter in New Jersey" directly to Cyrus
:'-R:-Vane the Secretary' of State, one -dip
Iomat'reported:.''Mr' Gromyko; -who: re-
portedly felt'the United States was?violat-
ingunwritten rules of. espionage, was said
to have warned about possible-retaliation
"Of'? course. he Could have been refer.-
ring -to the Peterson case .,.the diplomat
remarked. 'But the Crawford case seems,-.
M durectly':applicable= because of -the
absence of diplomatic immunity
Neither- side was linking: publicly :the
publiechaiit of: arrests: and. spying reports'
; toe worsening. U:S: Soviet, relations .gener-
ally::'Nobody .want& to.admit; one offi--
ciai said; "that individuals are. being. used.
as, pawns:,Bntit's;impossible: to-.separate
?smalI. and, large, events- entirely, because,-
of these. things:.x never would have
seen: the light of day is a better... atmos
phere.'r
Alarmed-over Soviet and Cuban inter-'
vention.in Africa; President.Carter has be-
come increasingly-critical of. the Soviet
Union.- Both'- governments;;' however, ap-
parently have= attemptted' to? hold arms
confrol. negotiations apart from their oth-
er diffeiences""
U.S. officials refused to discuss details
.. of.intelligence operations yesterday;-They
:;'specifically refused to comment: on .:the:'
,'case :of. Mrs...Peterson beyondsaying that.`
-she had been expelled last July after Sovi-
'et authorities. accused her.of `'engaging:m `.
inappropriate activities."
In fact;.:Izuestia, the?:Soviet govern
meat newspaper,. reported.. that. she had
"`been-Caught hiding espionagemateiial ::
including a camera'and ampules of poison..::
Heraactivities; for. the Central Intelligence:
:'Agency, the newspaper said, had :contib-
uted to the death of one unidentified pee`
SOIL :...
Americad offfcialsi':privately treated
Mrs: Pet er son's.employmenvby._the CIA
as.. a: fact::-She-.bad... been. 'reassigned in
Washington,' spokesmen .said but is "cur
rently on leave.::.
Mr. Crawford?:is accused of:yiolating
Article.78'sof the-Soviet criminak.code,\a
State Department'spokesttn an' deported
related'to"illegal'currencydealings' ?.:
The spokesman; Tom Reston, said Mr
Crawford's car was stopped by Soviet.
lice'dn-a'Moscow street Monday nights W
was "forcibly: taken' away;': Mr.. Reston
'added; leaving. behind his companion:-Miss:
Vugu ia- Otbnsh;, a.-U.S;Euibassysecre--
_? '~?l .-a-.'Z .~F,_ i
- tary..Ar .~ . E
She immediately-notifi d the embassy
of. the episode,.-Mr.-Reston said: and;U.&
diplomats begaa;seeking' an: official : ex-
planation: George W. Vest;. assistant sec-
retary ' of: . state:-#or, European,. affairs..
"raised- the matter,.. the spokesman" re-
ported; is a conversation- late Monday
with Anatoly-F: Dobiynin, the Soviet am-
:bassadorin Washington:
A spokesman :for International Harves-
. 'ter Company said Mr. Crawford has been
in` Moscow about two years. The law he is
accused:of.violating.providesa penalty of
3 61 0 ;ears in-prisozr plus confiscation of.
": property and internal'eztle_ .. x.:~
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-1. 15
BY Kevin- IUose ..
?_ :. washinsta PoatPoreign serriee
MOSCOW--The' Soviet'governtnent','yesterda,
accused' an' American posing- _as.'a diploniat?-in
Moscow of involvement in the murder,oL n "inn
cent Soviet citizen who stood in, the, way!".
.._of an
' espionage ring, run :here- by the Central: Intelli-
gence Agency.
The charge, was leveled at Martha Jb Peterson;:
a former. vice eonsul in the U.S. Embassy here.
who was. described "-a CIA- agent who transmit-
ted the poison used' in the, killing. The= alleged-
; victim or the 'spy .who . carried' out the execution
were:.not identified.'" '[Sources * in. Washi'ngton- confirmed that Peter
`son,.33, wad employed by the CI.a-,The State. De=-
partment: confirming- she was= expeller,"iss-ueit_a
:statetrient. 'saying "it: was alleged -that `she; engaged
in inappropriate act'ivities."-It added , that-?sh
~? s .;r:;.:;?._
on leave.]`
The accusation- iii the government -newspaper
Izvestia alleged that ?.:'Soviet.- counterintelligence
- rcepted- Peterson as .she- was. about, to :transfer)
led inside a fake rock to her unidentified con
graphic equipment and money. ,
"It'was -found. out-during. the?investigation that
the poison, transmitted to the spy earlier had been
used to kilt-'an innocent Soviet citizen '
who stood in the way of the spy's cri-
minal activities," Izvestia said
While U.S. Embassy sources refused
to comment on the' allegations, ' they,
said that Peterson worked in the em-
bassy-from autumn-1975 to July /1977:
and:that following her departure'she.
was declared persona non grata by the
Soviet 'government. ' Officials- refused
to provide any additional' details ex-
cept.-to. say that she-'had been "de-
tained briefly" by Soviet police before
her departure.. j: :: -? a.
The extraordinary accusations pub-
lished. on. the. front page of Izvestia'
appear :'to be 'a response to recent
American disclosures. '.that Soviet
eavesdropping gear had been dlscov
e'red. secreted within the U.S'. Embassy
chancery here. They also seem to be
linked to the arrest'in ,New Jersey of
two Soviet citizens 'accused of
espionage.
Izvestia clearly; `indicated that, its'
velations came after the "American
THE WASHINGTON POST
13 June 1978
side":' violated an' . unwritten under.-~
standing under which the two sides)
refrained from publicizing each -nth,
[Sources in Washington said it. was
.true; that the current charges- back
and forth between Moscow and Wash=
ington represent a:: departure from
past practices in which. espionage-:op-1
eratives using diplomatic or- quasi-dip.
lomatic cover were.- 'expelledquickly
and without publicity.] :'
Izvestia's harsh language under-~
scores the growing distrust now per-
meating meating relations between the two l
capitals as the Carter administration
scrutinizes. its basic attitudes toward-
Moscow and sounds repeated notes of.'
warning to the Soviets both about the
terms of a new strategic arms limita-
tion agreement and Soviet military in-
volvement in Africa..
Over the years, both -governments
have accused each other of harboring j
spies among their- .'diplomats and
many diplomats have'fbeen expelled
on espionage groundsi-*
A trial is now under way in Newark,
N.J., involving the two Soviets ac-,
cused of conspiring to pass U.S. Navyj
secrets to Moscow..,_
Izdestia's'accusations of CIA poison-'
Ing are.virtually without precedent. It
tied "'therallegation to an attack oni
CIA Director Stansfield Turner's con-
gressional testimony saying the CIAI
no longer condones or supports politi-
cal assassinations. '
.How to tally. Turner's public state-I
ment with the practical -work of his
agency?" Izvestia asked...
The. long article, mixing sarcasm
and contumely with purported facts,'
leaves many major questions unan=
swered in a confusing pastiche. It was
written by Yulian Semenov, this noun-j
try's most famous spy novelist and au-~
thor of a recently widely hailed televi-
sion series about how Soviet agents:
prevented the United States from,:
The article said Peterson was iii-!
volved in an effort to obtain informa
tion and falsify it "to stop detente."
It said she was seized last July' 15
after elaborate efforts by her to evade
surveillance - and deposit the espio-
nage rock in an arch of a well-tray.;
eld bridge over the Moscow-River so -:
it could be retrieved by the anony-
mous SPY. . '
It said. that when she was appre-
hended "she started shouting, `I am a
foreigner.' Obviously the vice consul
was shouting . so loudly to warn the
spy who was coming to the appoint-
ment place about the danger."
The newspaper published two pho-,
tos, one showing what it described as'
t?e contents of the hollow rock and
the other of Peterson and U.S. Consul
Clifford Gross sitting at a table with
items from. the rock spread before l
July 15, Peterson drove herself to'thei
center of Moscow; changed from aj
white dress to black trousers 'in a'
poorly lit placer and took a bus, trol-i
ley, subway and taxi before she:
"finally hurried to the bridge" span=;
ning the Moscow River at Lenin Hills'
"and put an ordinary-looking stone
in a loophole in the arch. It was there
that the vice-consul was detained."
The rock' was opened in -the 'pres-
ence o?. Peterson and- Consul Gross..
It "proved to -be a cache, containing
cameras; gold [a] large sum of Russian
money and a ' phrase book, micro-
phone- and instructions."- The two
poison capsules "and special instruc-
tions on how it should be used also
were found.""'
'
The following day,' Ambassadors
Malcolm Toon was summoned. to they,
Foreign Ministry, and handed a: `pro-':
test note, said izvestia,' alleging that
U.S. "special services were pursuing'
subversive pictures on Soviet terri~
tort', using the diplomatic cover of the
embassy, and using such means- as
poisons." - `"
After the meeting, said the paper,
`the ambassador said the U.S.. would',
be grateful if what. happened would!
not be made public. The ambassador:
assured that he would do everything
he could so that this kind of incident
should not be repeated. Considering.]
AI TINITED
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the man representing the U.S gov-
ernment could not be irresponsible
about what he was saying,.the Soviet
side did not make the affair public.-
"But now it has become clear thxA
the U.S. has not taken any steps to
stop that kind of activity. The scan-
dal concerning 'Soviet spying' has 1
been authorized."
Izvestia also named Robert Fulton;
Jay K. Gruner and. Serge Karpovich
as "implicated in . the . espionage."
Sources here said Fulton was a poli-
tical officer. from July 1975 to July
1977 and routinely reassigned to Wash.
ainton. The other two made 'a brief
visit here. in November 1975:`-
Peterson; whose husband was killed
over, Laos five years ago; while serv.
ing as. a. Navy pilot, has been assigned
to Washington.. Officials., said. she isj
currently-on leave.
While linking -Peterson' to the al~
leged.-death' of a Soviet citizen,' Izves-
tia' did not identify her. accomplice j
but : left- the- impression that he was
a Soviet citizen who provided. in-
formation to the CIA.
0
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r r } t o t
Tees ale hedbele( Pr6ss
Photograph published by Soviet newspaper shows accused agent Mullin r elcrson with U.S. consul Clifford Cross and alleged espionage equipment..
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24RTIC AP DE NEW YORK TIMES
oAx,p~GF,, i~c'' 13 JUNE 1978
T
D
.Soviet, Retaliating, Publicizes Case!
Against :Woman Linked - to C.I.i
the arrest in Woodbridge, NJ. of two benkment; walled along an alley near
Soviet employees of the United Nations a tennis court, waited until no one was
caught in the act of picking up Navy around who could somehow be alerted
documents on antisubmarine warfare. to her, and hurried to the bridge.
The two did not have diplomatic immuni- There, the paper said, she put her cache
ty, and; are in custody on $2 million into a chink in the stone of the bridge.
awaiting. trial. A third:.Russian, a diplo- She was.caught in the act and seized.
mat, was expelled from the United States. "I'm a foreigner!" she exclaimed.. "What
Izvestia identified several other Ameri- are you doing?. I'm a foreigner." .
can-officials as C:I.A. agents, including` ...The American consul, Clifford H. Gross,
Robert M. Fulton, who worked in the was summoned to the interrogation,.Iz-
political section from July 1975 to July .vestia said. He is shown in the published
1977, according to the embassy spokes- photograph seated' next to. the young
man, and Jay K. Groner and Serge Karpo-
woman.
lowed-out stone for-pickup-later by a f:vich; who had been in Moscow on tempo- A subsequent Soviet protest listed the
Soviet citizen working for: the Centrat raty duty in November 1975; the spokes- cache, contained in a milk carton, as in.
Intelligence, Agency, the paper said. man reported. cludstg . "spy instructions, a miniature
I_vestia accused tile-American, Martha In? 1976, =an- American woman named camera, various valuable articles, a large
D. Pttesson, of complicity ut the poison- Martha Schneider identified Mr. Karp; seen cf soviet-currency, two am At,
ing and murder of an unidentified Soviet vich as one of: the officials who pursuad=. dead) Fula`
citizen. It said she was an agent of the- ed her to rent- an apartment in_Salzburg, y poison and special instructions for'
C.I.A., but had been allowed to leave the" =Austria, for the C.I.A. - its use. '
Soviet Union because she had dipiomatic Izvestia said that Miss' Peterson had
immunity. An embassy spokesman said Incident Is Described in Detail refused to say for whom the-poison vas;
-that Miss Peterson, who arrived in the According to the Izvestia account, Miss destined, and. that. -similar poison .1tad'
fall of 1975, had worked for the embassy's Peterson drove toward the center of ,Dios- j.bcen passed on by her previously to-=j
economic section and then as a vice ccn- cow on a warm evening last July 15,. unidentified Soviet agent,
sul, before being expelled, but he declined parked her car in a dimly lighted area. ~.
further comment. changed from her white dress into a U.S. Embassy Used as a Cover
Izvestia said the publicity, in the form black jumper and slacks, locked her car. ! sbee i roTaexe.Yatraee "? `.`=~
By DAVID K. SHIPLER
. Sptial to The ?AA Yo ft Timer. :.? ::
MOSCOW, June 12-The Government
newspaper Izvestia - said today- that an
American woman assigned to the United
States. Embassy here had been arrested,
last July as she planted a cache. of spy
equipment,. including-.?ampuls3of a.aethal
poison, on a bridge over the Moscow
River. _~__ ~_._._,.... _"_-?? -
The packet, containing miniature cam-
eras, gold, Soviet currency and ,written
instructions, was- hidden inside= a hol-
ered with alleged spy paraphernalia, had down into the subway, and only arter
been authorized because of "the new that took a taxi, the paper said.
round of anti-Soviet hysteria" in the "What then?" Izvestia continued. '"The
.United States, specifically in response to vice consul lef+t..the._taxi on the river em-
of an article with a picture of Ness Peter- and got into a city bus. After two stops; WASHINGTON;. June 12-Adininistra2
son in interrogation, behind a table cov- she transferred to a street car, then went ton officials had no..fort7tai comnwnt
today on the Izvest:a report, but. they.:
said privately that Miss Peterson ;,.33-
years old,. was a C.I.A. employee
h
?
w
had used the United States Embassy? i.4
Moscow as a cover. -
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13 JUNE 1978
S.I%so publHA with
By Seth Mydans"::;-' w'*` "-,"?_'? was,~used. to=kill'; an: "innocent"who /` had come ?to -respond, "it said.
taaxatsd Proa~ " " stood .in the way- of the CIA: The Izvestia article appeared just
MOSCOW The: Soviet. Union; `... Neither the embassy nor the State : .over= a week after the United States.
:carrying out. A. ..threat to publicizes",, Department ?.'shington. had any" reported the _ Discoveryin its Mos
details- of ?U^ 9 -spg activities; .?ac r~;^?omment"yesterday -But"informed"7
cow Embassy of secret Soviet 'elec
cused the C1;A;' :yesterday of an; ources in -?Washington said Miss
elaborate undercover operation here' .?eterson was_,a'CIA. employe who_- trenic equipment believed to be"lis-
involving caches of gold, secret'.` had, been working; in a-cover job in ' teeing`devices
dropoffs of instructions and an Amer.- :,'the embassy's :' consular section. A ranking Westerndiplomatic"
ican woman.. spy ,purveying. poisons'.":r_Izvestia? leveled::the charges:in; re- source here said yesterday that the
The government .news papec Izvestia?:--=- sponse to. U.. S'.accusations that, the equipment. was of a kind never before
said. U.. S: Embassy Third Secretary, Soviets are soving on 'the American seen by security specialists and that
Martha D. Peterson, who. left Mos Embassy in .Moscow and to- an es-. it needed further analysis.,.. ..
cow last July, was in fact expelled.-:` pionage trial now under way in New In response to these allegations of
for" espionage and, that" Ambassador. Jersey that involves two Soviet of- eavesdropping on the embassy, the
Malcolm Toon had requested at the:; ficials of the United Nations. Soviets had warned they might re-
time ,that ahe. matter be. kept quiet; .Now that the United States is try
The newspaper.": charged- that poison " ing to build up a . "scandal" ? over
supplied to. a spy by Muss Peterson. . alleged Soviet spying, the time
veal documentary proof. of.-U. S. es-
pionage here.
Izvestia described - in detail the
case of Miss Peterson ands said' it
was just. one. of a network' of cases
"uncovered' by the Soviet counter-
intelligence..service.''.-......, ....._ :......_ ::
On the evening of July 15, 1t said,
Miss Peterson parked her car in a
poorly lit place, changed her dress
and took a series of buses;' to a-
bridge over the Moscow. River; where
she put "'an ordinary-looking stone
into an archway. .
She was detained there; ;,`the'
"stone".' was opened, and it- "proved
to be a cache containing cameras,
gold, moneyand instructions, as well
as ampules with a poison,," Izvi estia :.
said.
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13 Jt NE 1978
L a Yi:6 >'01
Moscow (AP)-The Soviet Union; carrying out. a threat to divulge
details of alleged U.S. spy activities,.. accused the Central Intelligence
Agency yesterday of elaborate undreover operation here involving caches
of gold, secret dropoffs of- instructions ands an- American. female agent '
The government ,newspaper Izvestia
.made the chargey"iL-=response to U.S.
accusations that the Soviets were spying
on the American: Embassy in Moscow
and to an espionage: trial. now under.
way in, New Jerse ,
j ?Time to.Respond'?,"
Izvestia said that. details of the U.S.
activities had: been kept quiet at Wash-
ington's --request,. but'. that the United.
States was now trying -to build-. up a
"scandal"' over alleged'-Soviet spying,
and the time had come to respond. .
Izvestia . said: that Martha- 21). `Peter-
son, an embassy employe who- left . the
Soviet Union last -July, was in fact, ex-
pelled for espionage; and --that U.S.
Ambassador Malcolm.Toonhad request-
ed at the time that the matter: be kept
way of the CIA.
Neither the 'embassy- for the 'State
Department in- Washington had any.
comment yesterday. But.- . informed
sources in Washington, who asked not
cache containing cameras, gold, money'
and instructions,. as. well. as ampules
with a poison," Izvestia said.
The Soviet counterintelligence serv.
ice established beyond a- doubt that the
poisons taken from the-cache had been
sent to Moscow by the Central Inteili-
gence Agency not for the first time,'
the newspaper said: - -
Izvestia described the Newark. N.J.,
espionage trial of two Soviet United Na-
tions employes - Valdik Enger, 39, and
Rudolf Chernyayev, 43 - as theatrical !
buffoonery." The two pleaded innocent
last Tuesday to charges they conspired
to pass U.S. Navy- national defense se-
crets to Moscow. ; ~.`, ?,~ . rte, .
to be identified; said that Peterson was
a CIA employe.-,who had' been working
in a cover job in the embassy's consular
The
Izvestia. article appeared just
over a. week after the United States re-
ported the discovery 'in its Moscow-
embassy:. oL secret Soviet. electronic.
equipment believed- to be listening de-
vices."
In. response to' allegations of eaves-
dropping on the embassy, the Soviets
had warned-they might offer documen-
tary proof of..U.S. espionage here.
On the evening of July 15, it said,
Peterson-parked her car in.a poorly lit..
area, changed ..her dress and took a.
series. of - buses- to a bridge over the -
Moscow -:River,. < where - she put - "an
ordinary-looking stone" in an archway.
She was detained there,- the stone"
was opened, and it proved to be a
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;ARTICLE APPEAR M WASHTNGTOY STAR (GREE LITIE)
ON PadGF 13 JUNE 1978
Soviets Name
3 'Accomplice?l
In J.S. Espionage
MOSCOW (AP) - The Soviet gov-
ernment newspaper Izvestia says at
least three other persons are impli-
cated in the espionage for which
Martha D. Peterson, a Vietnam war
widow who was third secretary of the
U.S. Embassy.., here, was expelled
last July.
The United States has made no
reply so far. to yesterday's Soviet
charge of spying and complicity in
murder against Peterson, identified
as a CIA agent who for two years was
on the embassy staff.
- Izvestia said Potarsnn maa olr-
she supplied poison io an accomplice iaentuiea as CIA agent
...,.... .J ..._ as--
Peterson was not declared persona
non grata until after her departure.
Sources in Washington who asked not
to be identified said she was a CIA
employee who had been working in a
cover job in the embassy's consular
section.
Izvestia said the charges against
Peterson had been kept quiet at the
request of the United States. It said
they were being made public now be=
cause the U.S. government on June 1
made public . its :- charge'`. that the.
Soviet government bugged the U.S...
Embassy and because of the espio-
nage trial in New Jersey of two
Soviet employees of the United Na-
tions.
The government paper gave this,-
account of Peterson's arrest:- -
On the evening- of July_ 15, she
son who stood in his way." 'The
accomplice was not identified, al-
though presumably. he was a local
Russian. _
"ALSO IMPLICATED in this
espionage," Izzvestia said, was Rob-
ert Fulton, the first secretary of the
embassy's political section from mid-
1975 to mid-1977,, and two visitors
from Washington in 1975, S. Karpo-
vich and J. Gruener.
Neither the embassy nor the State
Department had any comment, but
Western sources in Moscow said -
aca a.aa .,~ a ywrLy in. place in
oscow, changed her dress and took
a series of buses to a bridge over the
Moscow River, where she put "an
ordinary-looking stone" into an arch-
way.
SHE WAS DETAINED there, the
"stone". was opened, and it "proved
to be a cache containing cameras,
gold, money and instructions, as well
as ampules with a poison.
"The Soviet counter-intelligence
service established beyond a doubt
that the poisons taken from the cache
had been sent to Moscow by the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency and not for
the first time.
"It was -discovered . - that the
poison. that was given to. the, spy
earlier was used by him against an
innocent person,-. who stood. in his
way." .
Izvestia said Peterson's -case was
one of a network "uncovered by the
Soviet counter-intelligence service."
- The paper ; termed the Newark.:
espionage trial of Valdik Enger and
Rudolf Chernayev "theatrical buf
foonery.... directed by the CIA and
FBI -.. , to justify in the eyes of their
superior the failures that took place
in Moscow,""
.
The two U.N.--'employees pleaded
innocent a week ago to charges that
,they conspired to pass U.S. Navy se-,
crets to Moscow...... .
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trio DLtL1111VRL. JUiN
ARTICLE PEARED
13 June 1978
soviet aeges C1A spies
ran o eration
in Mos~oW ~
D
eavesdropping :gn_the:embassy, -the Rus-
The Izvestia article appeared just over
a week after the United States. reported
the discovery in. its- Moscow. embassy of
secret Soviet electronic. equipment be-
lievedto be listening devices... , r
Yesterday, a ranking. Western diplo
matic source here said that the equipment
was of a.kind never before seen-by securi-
ty specialists. and that it needed.further
analysis. In responses to these allegations of
Moscow' ? (AP)=The -Soviet.-.Union,.
carrying out a threat to divulge details of
American spy activities, accused the Cen-
tral Intelligence-Agency yesterday of an
elaborate undercover:operation? here in-
volving caches of gold, secret drop-offs of,
instructions and an American woman-spy
purveying poison...::,
The government newspaper~1zvestia.;
leveled the charges in response: ta' United
States accusations that the Russians are
spying on the American Embassy in Mos-
cow and to an espionage trial now under
way in New Jersey..
It said that the details of the U.S. activ-
ities had been kept quiet at Washington's
request, but that the United States was
now trying to build up a "scandal" over al-
leged Soviet spying and the time had come
to.respond..:.......,.:
Izvestia said that Martha D. Peterson,.
.third secretary-of the U.S: Embassy, who
left the Soviet Union last July, was in fact
expelled for espionage!and that American
Ambassador.Malcolm_.Toon had reouested
at the time that. therzrtt;zi btrkept quiet-
The newspaper 'c +:rged that poison
supplied to a spy by'Miss Peterson was
used to kill an "innocent." who stood in the
way of the CIA.
Neither the embassy nor the State De-
partment in Washington had any comment
yesterday. But informed sources in Wash-
ington who asked not to be identified said
that: Miss Peterson was a CIA employee
who had been working. in. a cover job in the
embassy's consular section._
sians had warned they. might reveal docu-
mentary proof of U.S. espionage here.
Izvestia described in detail the case of
Miss Peterson and said that.it.was just one 1.
of a network of cases "uncovered. by the' t
Soviet counter-intelligence service." -
On the evening of July 15, it said, Miss
Peterson parked her car in a poorly lit I
place, changed her dress and took a series
of buses to a bridge over the Moscow Riv-
er, where she; put_ "an ordinary-looking. 11
stone" into an archway.
She was detained there, the "stone"
was opened, and it "proved to be a cache
containing.cameras, gold, money and in=
structions, as well-as ampules with a poi-
son," Izvestia said. _
"The Soviet counter-intelligence ser-.
vice established beyond- a doubt that the
poisons taken from the cache had been
sent to Moscow by the Central Intelligence
Agency, not for the the first time," it said.
"It was discovered-in.the process of in-
vestigation that the poison that was given
to the spy earlier-was used by him against
an innocent person who stood in his way,"
Izvestia said. By "the spy," Izvestia ap-
pai?ently was referring to the intended re-
cipient of Miss Peterson's material.
After Miss Peterson was seized, Izves-
tia. said, Ambassador Toon was sum-
moned to the Foreign Ministry and told
she must leave the. country, the paper
said. Western sources said, however, that
Miss Peterson.was declared "persona non
grata" only after her departure last sum-
mer. . .
The Izvestia account, headlined "Who
Needs It?," included two photographs, one
showing a table covered with alleged evi-
dence of espionage, the other showing
Miss. Peterson sitting at a table with U.S.
-Consul Clifford Gross.
"Also implicated in this espionage," Iz-
vestia said, were Robert Fulton, first sec-
retary in the embassy political section
from mid-1975 to mid-1977; and two men
who visited briefly in 1975-from Washing-
ton, S. Karpovich and J. Gruener.
Izvestia described the Newark (N.J.)
espionage trial of Valdik Enger, 39, and !
Rudolf Chernyayev, 43, two Soviet em-
ployees of the United Nations, as "theatri-
cal buffoonery." The two pleaded innocent
last Tuesday to charges of conspiring to
pass U.S. Navy national defense secrets to
Moscow.-
. . "One can see with-thnaked eve that
this show, directed by the CIA and FBI, !
was only staged to justify in the eyes of
their--superiors the IU.S. espionage) fail- I
ures that took place in Moscow," Izvestia
said..:
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paTICLE APPEARED CHICAGO TRIBUNE
^OIi?AGE--- 13 June 1978
a s~3' was liwoived
death plo:
MOSCOW [API-The Soviet, Union ac-: atrical buffoonery" designed to divert
cused a former-American employe of attention from U.S. espionage failures..
the U.S. Embassy Monday of engaging Izvestia said Miss Peterson was de-
in espionage before she left Moscow last clared "persona- non grata and was
summer_ The. Soviets charged, among sent out of the Soviet Union by the em-
other things; that she transmitted poison, bassy after she was. apprehended last
used to kill an "innocent" who was an July 15 as she left a cache of espionage
obstacle to CIA operations.: - material at a. secret niche on a bridge
The government.. newspaper . Izvestia over the Moscow River.:
said the- woman, Martha. Peterson, took- The Izvestia story. was the, first report
part in an elaborate' espionage plot in- that espionage charges,were involved- in
volving the planting of. cameras, gold, Miss Peterson's departure. -
money, instructions,' and poison: i ' Izvestia said U.S.. Ambassador Mal-
In Washington, informed 'sources who colm Toon was called in to the Foreign
asked not to be identified said Miss Pe- Ministry after she was caught, and he
terson was a CIA employe who had been was told she was no longer welcome to
working in a cover job in the embassy's remain in the country.
consular section. A State. Department AT A FEDERAL court trial in New-
spokesman.. declined. immediate com- ark N:J., two Soviets employed at the
Iflent, and the embassy here maintained United Nations, Valdik Enger, 39, and
official silence. Rudolf Chernyayv, 43, pleaded not
THE SOVIET newspaper also charged guilty last Tuesday to charges they con-
that a trial of alleed Soviet spies cur- spired to pass U.S. Navy national de-
g
rently under way in New Jersey is "the. fence secrets to Moscow.
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Jr,RT1C_T"P AP?' AR17D WASHINGTON STAR (RED LI E)
(J=7N 1 13 JUNE 1978
s
The Soviets informed the embassy pull gna; , an to u Y s e
ed them from the vehicle...: parked her car in a poorly lit place in
that Crawford, who: has lived here` A well-informed Soviet source said Moscow; changed her dress and took;
about two- years.i~ was being held he believed it, would be stretching'a'.: a series of buses to a bridge over the
under article 78 of the Russian crimi- . point to connect Crawford'sarrest:'( Moscow River; where she put "an
with the report earlier :yesterday in ordinary-looking stone" into an arch- .
Izvestia, the government newspaper, way. _
sentative of International Harvester, ,:s:me wor s rcial In the: section. U.S. She alerted Embassy's S; nffi com ='?. THE GOVERNMENT . :..
paper gave
and a U.S: official. The meeting was;- cials, saying ;authorities stopped:: -this account of. Peterson's arrest-
set later in the day.` :, their, car` at.'a traffic si 1 d On the evenin of la
t J I 15 h 'I
s
y, spo esman. said the . Crawford was .arrestedwith his nape trial in New Jersey of two. Russians . will allow a:.'meeting. be fiancee , 'Virginia ,.;Olbrish, 32, ; who Soviet employees of the United Na
tween Crawford ; 38, who is a repre k Lions
:ge currency viola resented: a formal written protest Soviet government bugg
p bugged the U.S.
k .over Soviet behavior in the casEmbassy and because of the espio-
pn ` embas
VIETS-.ARREST _. U.S.Use, BUS1NESSMAN
By Seth Mydans-::,:; nal code, referring to :smuggling
.. _ luav.w aca wa
grata until after her departure.
COW..-' The Soviet govern, . nog
rata Soviet border. Conviction could Som.ces in Washington who asked not
ent arrested an American business=:- harry a 3- to 10-year' rison term.'.:
man : here . a few:. hours after it; :'_. . tQ: be identified said she was a CIA
charged an American woman forA WESTERN diplomatic source in -iVlo who had been working in a
merly. attached tp the U. S. Embass ';;Moscow who asked not to be named. Cjob in the embassy's consular
with. espionage' and murder-by-poi-. said it is possible the Soviets might section..
estir said the charges- ac inst
son.. .want to. trade.. Crawford - for two, at
Soviet United Nations em toYee Peterson had* been kept quiet at the
Embassy legal experts,formally trial in New Jersey." ' . s ony request of the United States. It said
notified today of last night's arrest,; y' they were being made public now be-
said they believe Francis Jay Craw The spokesman said embassy oftl cause the?U.S: government on June 1
ford of Mobile; Ala:, was detained o- : c'als spent last night and early. today. made
public ? its .charge that .the
charges of all. A trying to~ locate Crawford the--
[ne u.b. ltmoassy.: :+ .. _ ::
? Martha D. Peterson,' a Vietnam
war, widow, the embassy's third
secretary,-was expelled last July for
espionage, Izvestia reported, adding
she. allegedly supplied poison to an
accomplice 'who.used ~it to kill "an
innocent/-person who.stood: in..his
THE ACCOMPLICE! was-not iden
tified, although presumably he was a
.local Russian.. But Izvestia said "also
Implicated -.in, this ? espionage was
Robert Fulton, the first. secretary of
the.e embassy's political: section from
mid-1975 to mid-1977, and two visitors
from. Washington in 1975, S.. Karpo= -j
vich and J. Gruener; .:: _ :.._,...
Neither the embassy nor the State
`Department" had any 'comment, but
Western:. sources , in Moscow'. said
to.; be a cache containing. cameras;
gold, money and instructions, as well
as ampules'with?a poison.- ? .
.".The Soviet counter-intelligence
service established beyond a doubt
that the poisons taken from the cache
had been sent to Moscow by the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency and not for
the the first time.
- "It was discovered ... that the
poison. that was given to the spy
earlier was used by him against an
innocent person who... stood : in his }
way." . .
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 U.S..Yubucly? l~narges .,
with electronic spy devices within:. the - .
U:S: chancery .building: c
State. Department spokesman John
Trattner, said: the::lstening. Post: was..
discovered in- the chimney . of- the.
chancery.- building, and: was, linked to:
an . underground ...tunnel;- "extending
considerable distance through the em.
THE WASHINGTON POST
10 June 1978
soviets le 101x,.1 ! ss1on.:::...
t N
:By DI sko Ded@r::,;=ar.i. The Soviets charged that .the. United
wsmaswasaaawnser w,.; y States is using its Moscow embassy.)
The United States p ly accused for espionage activities and thaiU-9 the-Soviet .Union: yesterday of ."crude embassy staff hado penetrated intrusions' into-:the:: compound of the neighboring Soviet: apartment U.S.. Embassy--in- Moscow ands. setting ing, destroyed its heating facilitup a "secret-listening p- ost? emupped damaged - a ""protective - system A by- the Soviets"to? counte
signs
was: con-
The. underground. tunnel:
nected to a "neighboring. Soviet apart
ment building" and. "Soviet ; Personnel
had been- observed : to- enter : and .. oe
.
cupy the tunnel'from the end connect-,
lug to the Soviet apartment building,"
Trattner said.::'
. Trattner. said. U.S.: security person--
net discovered electrical- cables: to be
"energized;" .adding; "There can be? ab-
solutely no, doubt-that this. listening
post. had, been actively operated by.'
the Soviet side.'. ,--- . y,
The U,&-charges- were contained. in,,: .
a summary- of'. an. earlier t American .;.
protest Trattner offered after dismiss.
.ing as "absurd" Soviet public charges..... State Department officials.said tae
.that U.S. Embassy personneI.had'pen. disclosure of details.. about. the .em
trated into the-neighboring. 81111aiaa hussy -:;bugging incident : bad been
apartment building: "' .... prompted byr.- Tass charges; Thursday
The Soviet charges-were-contained about alleged U1.S. espionage activities
in a' note So vletAmbbsdador-Ahatoliy isMoscow:'-?:,'
Dobrynin - delivered,:.to..Secretary of . , Trattner said that it: was;' expected
State Cyrusr..Vance..yesterday after- here -thatr the. Incident would not:-have
noon. The contents of, the Soviet note-:.'- :: any -lasting effects on. Soviet.America'h
had been released.Thursdajby'the of- relations.. "We don't intend that it
ficial Tass now agency. will," he added.: '
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE A-10
intelligence operations.
U.s.. Officials,: said: the Soviets, < ?in
an earlier- note, had. claimed: that. the
chimney shaft was.not _ within the U.S.
Embassy compound... "This."- : officials
said,."was too far-fetched to answer.=
writing" and the note was.rejected as,
"totally erroneous."
Yesterday's charges suggested. that
U.S. security officials- have known .fon
some. time about the existence of tbq.
underground tunnel "we watched. be.
fore we blew.the.whistle," one. sou
said.
But it has yet-to be "determined how
long the underground tunnel' and, the
eavesdropping' installation j in : ''the-
south .wing- of -the embassy; buildiu;
have been-in exdstence. f .
The' embassy buildingu was on
nally a Soviet apartment building con-
structed after the end of..Worid ? Wb
II It' was converted by - Soviet ArmX
engineers in 1931. and .the -` U.S Enn: ~
bassy was established there in 1932.' .
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 STAT a_ N,
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_d-
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ARTICLE APP^ARED NEW YORK TIMES
77E , /n 16 JUNE 1978
By BERNARD GWERTZMAN_
Sp.etai to.2L Now Serf Times
WASH]NGTON, -.June 15-The Admin-
istration has added a new dimension to
its efforts. to substantiate, President Car-
tees assertions that, Cuba was. deeply in-
i volved in training. the Katangan rebels
who invaded Zaire last month from bases
4n-Angola.
!?' _ Faced with repeated`deaials by Fidel
Castro, the. Cuban' leader- that Havana
was involvedin-any way and expressions
of skepticism by some members of Con-
gress about - Mr., Carter's- evidence, the
White House-. has. been:. concerned that
Mr: Carter's-credibility-was being chal-
lenged, officials acknowledged. today..
reuse to ma public anv documenta-
tioH or Ine arses. agars Cuba. But
yes er y,. ody Powell. the Presidents
memorandum by Herbert E. Hence ' the
central nce Bence Agency's hen
pib Information. summarizing the Ad-
minis rrat'ion s position, The or mi n .is
.dated June
-A-spokesman said today that Mr..
Hetu had not actually drafted the materi-
C a but 'had only conveyed it in. memoran-
~Q form to th e. White. House,' at. its
said the White House had ' wanted
sanitized" statement about the intelli-
gence information and it was the White
Wide-Variety of Sources'
'
The- memorandum 'flatly -asserts.
that
'.evidence from a wide- variety of sources
over the past two yews refutes. Castro's
denials .of. any d act Ior ndirect: involve-
But the document. lacks details out the
sources. of the C.LA..'s information.. It has
has produced the most criticism o Capi
tol Hilly,'.:, -J-
One Democratic member-of the House,
who requested:: anonymity-,-- said today
that' on the basis of a briefing' from the
for lack of evidence.",, ,sue Ar?,
The Katangans,.members of the Lunda"
'Angola and southern Zaire;. crossed into
Shaba -Province in southern; Zaire from
Angola, via Zambia. on May 13 and over..
ran the town of Kolwezi, -which they left
a few days later.
In March 1977,'-the. Katangans also
crossed into Zaire and were-driven out
two months later.-
In the first days after the latest-Katan-
gm invasion. the- Zaire Government
charged that the Cubans were behind' it,
but,-,the, ,Administration. said repeatedly.
it. could. not. confirm that until. May 19,
when:: Tom Reston, a .State Department
spokesman, said new information had be-
.come available-- showing "recent'.'-. Cuban
ktrazning of the rebels:
:--Castro Admits Cuban Training Role
tp,b;?..
i. t had been kaown.that Katangaa :had
received Cubaii; training in 1975,_-some-
thing'admitteddby' Mr. Castro: but the
Cuban= leader ira`:meeting with the chief
American diplomat in Havana on May
17. speck xca113r denied any recent Jnvoly-
rn'm
Since Mt; Reston s statement. enliriW.
upon by-Mr, Carteron May 25 and again
yesterday,- the: Administration has-been
-engaged in, trying to prove its case..- :
The C LA. memorandum said that there
wasp,"no.: Independent - information to
confirm-: press. reports that Cubans had
accompanied'; the Katangans into Zaire.
But ? they: evidence, it said, does "contra.
dict'"Mr_.Castro's other disclaimers..:. _ .
Among:the assertions in the memo are
the following:. . . '
QAs early as the summer of 1976"Presi-
dent. Sovi-
et and Cuban advisers requested: Agostinho Neto, of Angola '.'to sup-
j port incursions by Katangans into Zaire.
No source=was listed for the information.
In mid-1976,- Cuban and East German
officials provided military training to the
Katangans at Sarrimo Air Base in Lunda
Province, No source was given. - -
_ 9The invasion of Zaire in March 1977
:was supported by Cuban troops in Lunda
{ Province . who -were - with the Katangan
troops before and at the time of the inva-
sion. No source was given.
- 9After the first invasion, military,
:training for the. Katangans continued .in
northeast: Angola;-:,"with the- active sup-
port of Cuban isstrrrctoces." Over?the susn-
mer-, the guerrillas had established train:
ing bases in at least five Angolan: towns:
Caxomba4 Nova Chaves, ChicapaSauri-
mo,. and Camissombo No ? source-.: was
given. .,,.
qin August-197T;.5,000 Katangan re-
crufts- and: -1,500 . veterans of` the first
Shaba invasion were reported to be under
the control of Cuban and East, German
instr uctors' and: in addition "Cuban and
Angolan?.troogs tr2mpoeted large quanti-
ties of .weapons from; Luanda to a camp
near Cazombo for the.- use of. Kataagaas
around blots time:'&
qn early 1978 theKatangan leer,:
Natharsiei MBumbo, announced his inten
tion to invade Zaire and said that Cubans
were providing' aiins?and' iraining. It was ' t
reported elsewhere that. this was done
in . a letter to. the Zambian. Government.
9At - the same time,-Cubans were re-
portedly organizing' the- movement of a
large number of Katangan.troops 'from.
northeast Angola toward, . the Zambian
border, and the Cubans accompanied the
force as advisers.. No source was given
for the information
3 Major Conclusions Listed.
The memorandum listed three major
conclusions: . -' .... J . .
. "I' The, Cuban.--presence in Angola is
pervasive. Little of importance< is. done.
without their involvement ? s:.
2.. - Katangan insurgents. have -been
:trained and armed by the .Cubans and
possibly by the East Germans for several
'Years. Thi sassistance ha had. the active
upport of the Angolan,, government. The
Soviets- have- been - indirectly . involved in
this, activity.
"3.?? The May 1978 invasion of Shaba
province. as well as the March 1977 at"
tack took place with. the cooperation or
the'-Angolan, government and . the
Cubans.
Several senators,. when advised of the
C.LA. memorandum, said that it was a
close summary of what they had been
told in. a- briefing by Adm. ' Stansfield
Turner, Director of Central Intelligence.
But they said that despite rather exten-
sive questioning. he did not provide the
sourcing. information' they: had requested.
Traditionally; the intelligence com-
munity
has been extremely reluctant .to
m ov d details about the sources of infor-
The members of Congress were told
that the material had come from Katan-
gan Prisoners and African and European
diplomats, but they were not told much
more than that, senators said.
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. ta?_4. ~r..
By John. M: Goshko
and Edward Walsh
In a ..;reaction to continued
questioning,,. 'of President Carter's
charges of. Cuban complicity in. the
invasion of Zaire, the White House
yesterday made ..available ?: a sum-
mary of the evidence on which:: the
president based his accusations:`,;.
This intelligence summary draws a
ncture of Cuban troops In Angola
[Draining the Katangese"rebels and
ins point for their invasion on. the
Angola-Zaire border.. The rebels in-
vaded Zaire's, Shaba Province.-last
month..--,,
tains a number of specific assertions
about Cuban involvement in the iala
sion, it does -not. contain -any.. backup,
official, who described the summary
as a' "sanitized" selection of" informs=
made public without. revealing intelli.
Bence. sources.. :~, - A=?^ s
As a result,, -the White ? House sum-
mary seemed unlikely to resolve what
troversy about Carter's ' - charges-
whether the administration's evidence
comes from sources that are suffi
,prove Cuban involvement.:,.:
The White 'House official insisted
that the' information in the summary.
ing, from a, variety of sources-Euro-
pean, African- and'. what. he 'called
tion that was not. included in the. sum
mart becauseit was regarded, as less?
reliable byU.S. intelligence analysts;
THE WASHINGTON POST
15 June 1978
:For example,' he said, none?"`of.`'the
:material in. the summary came, from
Zairian sources:
However;' several members-of.Con-
.gresa; and.', some. State .Department.
seen-it react sources, who have part
of the backup=data, have continued to
insist. that it'appears too circumstan-
' tial and too dependent- on' sources. of
questionable'- reliability to'., establish
the J.adminictration's?: case:; convine-
ingly~fa~tx:
Duringj1recent` days;' `these -?so
urces
have-given 'piecemeal accounts of the
evidence that has been. made available
on a selective basis to Congress. They
have'?described - it 'as: consisting, . in
large measure, of data 'collected . by
the! CIA from African .diplomats, cap-
tured Katangese- rebels and agents of
'European-governments.;,...:.,
But, the' 'sources have- noted; much
of it Is clearly identified: in' CIA re=
ports as information received : at: sec-
ond'or:third hand or from persons of
unproven reliability. Some of ? the spe.
cific data has been described by these
sources as a report of a conversation
with: a Soviet- diplomat. in' a third
country. or accounts of persons :who
appeared to be ' speaking - Spanish
working with. the rebels.:' ? ?
The- sources' concede'that the- evi
dence does point to some kind of Cu=
ban, involvement' with 'the rebels-;at
least in the past=and provided an a&
equate intelligence basis for Carter's;
policy.decision? to..assist..the_airlift, of
French and Belgian paratroopers to
Zaire.
Instead,.'these''sources say, they
*question; whether the evidence was
strong 'enough: for justify. the adminis-
tration's attempts to influence world
:opinion by. making public accusations
against another government.-
'''President Fidel- Castro' has denied.
.thee U.S.. charges- vehemently;: 'and
some State' Department. officials -are
known to fear privately that.. Washing:
ton 'doesn't 'have 'the I ammunition to
win its escalating war of rhetoric with
'Havana,. particularly -where-the atti-
?tudes of-Third World countries are in-
-volved. _~
.The main- points of the White use
summary allege that Cuba may have
equipped and reorganized the Katang
ese forces in Angola as early' as 1975,
provided planning and training for
invasion of Shaba. by. 2,000 Katangesef
in 11Iarch 1977, and, following the fail-(
ure of that -foray, continued to, aid the'
rebels until shortly before their latest
;,invasion attempt.last month.. I
The summary charges thAt-
and
and: Soviet advisers asked Angola's
Marxist government In 1978 to perm!
-raids, into Zaire ~ and that Cuban and
-East. German: personnel; trained the
rebels at Saurimo air base in. Angola's.
Lunda Province.
Following-' the ` 1977 invasion, _thel
summary says, Cuban-instructors ' pro-
vided training for the rebels at fiv
bases in northeastern- Angola--Ca-
, zombo, . Nova ' Chaves,' Chicapo, ~ Se-
. remo and ? Kamisfomo. :... , , .
By . early.this , year,.. the summary
.continues;'the Katangese leader, Na.
thaniel M'Bitmba, was declaring his
intention. to topple 'the Zaire govern.
ment and : asserting he -had the sup-
port-of the Angola regime. NBC News
reported last night that this claim was ~
made in a letter asking permission)
from neighboring Zambia'to cross its
territory in order - .to: 'enter- Shaba'
Province_ :,...; ? ..
Throughout this' period, the ? sum-
mary says, Cubans were involved in i
organizing the?4ogistics of - the rebcis'
movement toward the Zambian border
' and' accompanied'' them to the point
'where they left Angola to-enter Zaire
through a small strip of 'Zambian ter-
ritory. The summary added that the
United States has:'no'proof that.Cu-
bans went with the rebels into Zaire.
,..In the upper righthand .corner of
.the \v1'iite. -House _. summary, : there 1
:appear the : initials H.E.H., ,; which'
stand 'for Herbert' E,' Hetu,. the pub-1
? lit information'" director at the Cen-1
tral Intelligence, Agency who. super-i
vised production 'of.' the document.I
.The summary, dated June 2, was thei
last of ..several draft:. summaries!
written to back - up Carter's allega-+
_tions_ against the 'Cubans .in. Africa, !
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ON PAGE- _.... 14 June 1978
sertions. that his troops ini.Angola had
aided:'the-xata igan, rebelswho myad
ed Zaire.:",:,s~..raG-~"$i
to Amerlcari?ieperters;:= >souglit5
to,counters:charge font charge the as-:
uage-was. eloquent, frequently impas
'sioned :Fidel'-Castro- had--been ehalw.
:'lenged;,bx.the Whtte'House For weeks;
he: had, heard his denials; of Cuban, in-
forceful:''ab times subdued,; The:lang-,
?can'charges:?:,
ayie*onday.An his?spaeious?~* ce'at
Havana's,: Palace : of ,the:-: Revolution;
.Casts made, his..ease-He+:satiaad he:
paced H'e-puffed.,his-::cigar",;;;raid-tt~e+:
words .tumbled forth~ : ''
may.,-be-private>about-. some
things? becsaid.zRte;,maYL discreet::
But. we. never- have;?_Iied-We:-never
made use. of. lies .as: aa;instrument;of
is :.President, Carter:,.wha.: has,, been
'confused -,and' deceives'- by;-, his' ad
lying; Castro declared,:. but. rathel~ it.;
many: stormy-moments;; but therecent
Id,
3Ainericanuban:.relatfons=have liad
? ::."Iiowtwould:Iilie:toi:f~N'~:Arabass~'.
,-
am- I-going''.to-tell.a.lie to: [Secretary., to..a-priyate. meeting:.in? which. he sanomade, ax
of State- ...C,yrus] Stan :when he has : poin
ts. r ..:
had' a=constructive -..ta,~respectfUI at Casts `said lie told Lane "there :were= no Cubans
titude-to the~problems"'bettween Cuba ot:oft Cuban soldier-involved in. Shaba;. that we
,,.
and'the anitediStates?'
Castro. said'-.he`: had asked; hunself ;before:,' :' -~ :.~
many-.: times:,iarecent' weeks, fi"How Caastra;nvited US. interests section chief Lyle Lane:
don]- Andreir'Youfg, who- has been respectful and.' I
Idnd to ust, How: would I lte to [Se$.] George ;
McGovern,'who has been interested in improvement
of : relations with". Cuba?"'
lie. to
The answer C-astro,said he was-thab. he had not.
went on="Historywil prove someday that we-were
telling' the .truth: and'ithat.the.. charges against-.-us:
'
....-...~..; { _ _ _ _ ... ..lla,
strugglge fromAngolan bases
Relations With Angola.
The State= Department's- African:- team:.
would like- to ? establish diplomatic' rela-
tions with-Mr. Net's Government. which
insists that' it-will remain nonaligned de-,
spite its Marxist ideology.' and'the~ large-
scale Cuban and: Soviet Presence in Ango-
la.
But strong' opposition:- from. Congress
and, elsewhere make formal :reoogintion
of Mr: Nees impossible for. the' Carter,
Admiriistration~- at: present; - particularly'
after- the, President's charge of'-Angolan
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THE BOSTON GLOBE
ARTICLE gPPEAM 13 June 1978
ON PAGE -t -2
InteiijnceO~ Africa.
the: invasion and that: Cuba,. which. has a: substantial .
military presence: in.Angola,."shared."?,:_that responsi able quality of-courtroom evidencedeserves aplace is
bility:Fidel,Castro denied the-assertion and his.deni any ensuing debate.
al drew the interest of members; of. Congress:: To sup-- Yet there are substantial dangers to the whole
. port the Administration charge .CIA Director Stans- affair. By focusing on the degree of. reliability.of: CIA
field,. ;Turner appeared before': two :congressional; , information on . Cuban involvement: in Zaire-.a focus..
committees, to outlinethe intelligencg.:information on. which the larger questions of the Cuba and
which it was. based- ;..~,, the Angolan capital.
Several senators who attended.
.....the. committee::. hearing
Friday ;expressed skepticism
'about Castro's: veracity, . but
added that they. were disturbed
by the fact that.Carter_.had*-not
`bothere& to inforar: them of the
Lane.cabie:,:=z..~:...,_-.
'The.point is that the adminis-
tration. never told:=us.-::about it,"
,.said, ones senator:; who. asked noV
-talenamed.
Rrobert?.C: Byrd;.D W.Vm,. the
Senate; inajontyl leader,.. in. a
.J riefinga for nawsmem yesterday.:
said that regardless:; of the=new
disclosure,, %the Cubans area actr
ing as. the. cat's; paw of, the Sgvi _.,
ets.in.Africa and are in: control in-?
Angola. the-troops which- invaded
Zaire did come from: Angola, and.;
the Cubans:~have trained Katan
ganese: ands supplied- them with
.equipment-"' Byrd added:-: "Who
knew what=and where.is: some-
whatperipheral.
United States' interest section in
Havana, following. a:? meeting. on
May 17 .with Castro. ... =:.~-+
McGovern,.D-S.D:; Friday read a
secret State Department cable to.
the Foreign' Relations: Commit
tee; giving. Castro's. description
of the evolution of the' rebel at-:
tacks and, his purported efforts to
stop them
The cable was:. sent to.Secre
tary of State Cyrus. R.. Vance by
The;. ':statement=attnbuted . 1 .to
Castro, :"raisedfr new?' ' uestiox
about.:Presiden s--asser-..
tion eight:-daysom May 25:.
'that- Cuba""'obviously-`did:" noth->
ing to hold back the invasion by`
2,000 or more, insurgents;ooerat-
ing. from. Angoia....Cuba-..is ? be-
lieved: to:. have 18,000 t6 20,000
troops in Angola .
Sen. Dick-,;Clark;-. - owa
chairman of the.:?Foreign Rela=
tions, subcommittee- on,.-African.
affairs,, said in'a telephone inter-
view that while he did'not.regard-'
the disclosure. of new information
'about' Castro's_:position - as "all
that t central.,, .her" felt:"that-:"it:
would have been?useful in the dis-
cussion., of the Cuban role' if- the.
president had made this clear."
i:. THERE` HA&` BEEN= coiitro
versy between- severaL senators
and- Carter. over the. connection
between Cuban forces.' in` Angola
andi? the-. Katangan insurgents
since the invasion-of Shaba prov
ince began: ` Carter has'insisted::
that.-Cuban . officers-, `armed-_
trained and prepared tbeKatan i
gans . for, their raid on. the, mining-
center of Kolaezi.,, in: which hun
dreds were killed.-,.t..`
Clark, said. that Sen. George S"..
ADM S T A-N. S FI'ELDr-
TURNER, director-- of ' Centrah?
Intelligence, last weeek briefed
:
. four: Senate- and House commit
tees-:on the information and ports- assembled: by.- the :.Central::
Intelligence Agency':.whiclx.
prompted Carter. to~-fsalce.}us as-
sessment of the.Cub rote:
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WASHINGTON STAR
10 JUi4S 1978
By;VernonA.Guidry I ~" volvement. based on its, intelligence' there is enough circumstantial evi
vabfngmastarstafarkr regarding the Katangese. dence to=. bring an indictment, they, ~ppreliminary report to the Senate Prreessident = Carter;: has, said the would never gets conviction.
Intelligence Committee says .there is Cubans trained- and _equiped the
?no: l hard. concrete:evidence" of .?amaders:,The; Cuban. government has .:. - THE KATANGESE rebels invaded
;Cuban involvencrete d am- any" involvement.;:. direct: or--=:-Zaire from :.:neighboring;,. Angola en' Zaire's Shaba ent c `e bather Katan .invasion es of indirect where Cuba has' a very ...large; Ares
rebels. Sccorhaba uig tonpersons familiar Senate- Foreign Relations.- pence,. Including, some 0,000. troops
w bell. . -w - Committee yesterday received one of`, After-the invasion;; Cuban. President
The =classed. repo ttie-1aben,c&bnefinp igivie^evidence:;has'been ztIade
available only to Congress oar-l
restricted basis.to-guard.against u-
"thorized#. disclosure;,a and= administra-
tion sources say they, do not- intend,. to.
makeraayof:it public.:; ~;
't Ia?thatthe< admini'atjoa- e, ven
won- then.-backing._of :McGovesa,::who
said her didwtbelieve? tlie.inlorm~ation
could'be elassified.: without: revealing
. the CIA's sources and. methods . of ?01-
-Iecting,information.;~
Administration. sources- concede this
exposes -them. to possible; charges of a
"credibility- gap;"'However;;1he3v add,
the White.-House has decided,to?Aake
that risk and hope. either that a. yua-
jorityrof Congress. and public opinion
will acceptithesadministration's.:Kiord
or: that the :controversy!~simp!3 H
blow. over. and - be- forgotten: in-a. short
time-
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_a-
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ARTICLE APPEARED
ON PAGE Parade 23
t r` ra . t 'r c u M' `~.ri' - ..awe.' =~ .~. ""_. ..-..: :: ?` ~.,/'.` ^ ".'~
UIL W I!l111'!! GI does days come-1985.. How accurate' are the?..CIA.
; energy in!ormatioa2 How- CTA. forecast of'=?their oil dent: Carter' -is -formulating-.
b
`
`
can_he,,
e sure _there=_fs: or productioa
a
apacity is:= ia--This;domestic. energy po1.~
,world,.. _sev' `director..~of the - s-aa oil glut; fa the:-
:=IM. a- TP appearance??ii
April ,.:.Carter-reveered =
Institute:,of World. Economy` world.How, Tong.. will it
.that: his- energgestitastes ,
came at,=least
pmt _
from_ the,_CentraZ~"IritelU-
gence .Agency :`6vhose-ea-==
-perts. predi;cted`.that-~the
Na -) oil producer:, ; hey;- 'stand al_ quaatsties: "' The
Sa` IIaioa;'would`be Russians insist that?they
ii I; I I Ling. as manyr asr 3 5 z have Large untapped oil,:-_
aclarss _ _ "Are are going to, a. Following the energy ' _
THE WASHINGTON POST
11 June 1978
a; :egport._-in :rather.:sab_ ;A number' oF' independen
11GE1liCEREP-ORT
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ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH
8 June 1978
dUftorials
,1 ne Mani Lheck--.
The House has voted, by 323 to 43, to approve
budgets for all U.S:; foreign intelligence agen-
cies, although most House members did not
know what they: were voting for, how much
money: was involved, or how it would be used.
This, overwhelming example of . studied igno.
ranee raises a question. What-did Congress, or
at least the House, learn from years of investigation of intelligence abuses?
Repeated congressional investigations after
the-Vietnam war showed that the intelligence
agencies had gone far beyond the mere gather-
ing of intelligence. They had considered foreign
assassinations, managed foreign interventions,
started foreign wars and conducted their own
foreign policy. They were able to get away with
this conduct because of Washington's intense
belief that secrecy was in the national interest.
To the contrary, though, the congressional
investigators found that secrecy often was
opposed to the national interest, and that the
way to overcome it was through direct congres.
sional oversight. If. Congress didn't watch the
espionage apparatus, who would? So Congress
established new oversight committees and the
Senate begarrto-t:onsider reforms'of the intelli-
gence system. And the key to reform was over-
sight: after all, Congress could hardly knew
whether intelligence was operating as expected
if legislators did not check on the results.
Now, as some House members frankly say,
the House has. given the intelligence system a
blank check. Few members even studied the
budget information given them fora three-day
review, and these who did found the informa-
tion confusing . and useless. It is. 'as though the
long inquiries and public outrage concerning
intelligence abuses never happened. If that is to
be the House response, then the public must
rely on the Senate to uphold Congress' responsi-
bility for both the. budget and conduct of U.S.
intelligence agencies. {
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HARTFORD COURANT
25 May 1978
The future role of the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation and the Central
Intelligence Agency is still a national
issue and has not yet been clearly de-
fined by the president and. Congress.
Nonetheless, there is? an effort, spon-
sored by federal funds, to train'local
-police in the kind' of.- tactics that
brought so much discredit on the FBI,
CIA and other.federal,intelligence
Crime- and Intelligence- Branch,-:with CIA are being .considaedin the after
some funding from the federal Law math of revelatioi.of abnseby these'
Enforcement Assistance Administra- and other intelligecce agencies. It is
tion. So far; the school has taught such disturbing to learn that while the de-
things:. as electronic"- eavesdropping bate over abuses continues at the na-
and domestic spying to. more. than tional level, local police are apparent
4,000 police officers from 30 states;. ly, being trained 114 usecdiscredited'
.including, Connecticut, and from sev- tactics by former.` nemliers. of the,
charferi
Department: of.:.Justice's Organized New for the FBI- and the?
in Sacramento is run by the California
p
n
,The training. at the-W, Region- telligence force- nujike any. other seen.
agencies:.
eral foreign countries.. FBI and the CIA.
Students are instructed to investi- The Sacramento`-sclio of should be
_ -gate and infiltrate noncriminal investigated-.by- Con
gress~:I:egislators
groups like anti-nuclear protest or. and the publicthey"-. serve.. need to
ganizations, as. well,. as criminal know all about. ,the , kindd of= training
groups. They are instructed in operat- being gives locale police` to increase
ing under legitimate fronts such . as' proficiency in domestic spy
book stores, law offices, assemblies The last thingthe:country needs is a
and even parades, and are taught how national- ~ intelligence;.:. police force
to plant a variety of eavesdropping using such illegal .and immoral tactics
.devices and take long-range photos, as opening mail,:,breaking and enter
including. the use of infrared cameras ing, wiretapping without court orders,
at night., forging documents, infiltrating.. busi~
Some of - the instructors are former ness and political, organizations and.
government.' intelligence agents, in- fomenting unrest :as happened in the.
cluding those who investigated politi- late-1960s and early 1970s when some
cal and college groups in this country radicals were encouraged by- under-
In years past.
: cover agents toaake to`t e `streets
The school appears to have set a and, in some cases, instructed in the
_ oat of duplicating the FBI and CIA use of incendiary.
devices:_
operations on the local: leveL. As one
officer of the school put it; "The fact .
that the.feds have been; burned on
their... intelligence. work -means it
(then). spilled over to the local level.
When the CIA types got into: trouble,
they couldn't help..us,anyffiore, some -
took to training ourselves
And another official said: a "major.
fringe benefit of the school' is the cre- :
ation of a- de facto" 'national
olice i
-
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LITTLE ROCK DEMOCRAT
23 May 1978
Turn- them loo's'e
FBI Director-William Webster said the other day
that "we're about out of the internal security business."
A day or so later, former CIA director Richard Helms
told a Senate Committee that a proposed new congres-
sional charter for the agency would cripple it.
The FBI is responsible for internal security and the
CIA'for our security abroad.. What's happening? Are
things so bad? Well, everybody who hasn't been asleep
for the past several years knows that Congress has
hauled the FBI.and CIA over the. coals and rifled,
tumbled; . tossed and..pilloried them: to the point that
many must wonder-whether-these agencies are being'
purified of their '( confessed) sins or destroyed.
The FBI, for instance,. isn't being hit only by
Congress. Its top boss, Atty. Gen. Griffin Bell, has
ordered trial of some of its former high administr tors
and punishment for hundreds of agents. Bell saysthat
the grumbles about his trying to "run" the FBI underline
a fact that he wants acknowledged-that he IS the boss.
He is-at second hand-which is where most attorney
generals prefer-to be found.:,-
The CIA has been in an uproar for over two years,
beginning with the Senate Church Committee's investi-
gation of its excesses (most of them acknowledged) and
ending most recently with the suspended imprisonment
and fining of its. former chief Richard Helms-who'is
asking the Senate Intelligence Committee not to use the
new charter to drown the CIA in paperwork and leaks.
That shouldn't even need saying. But as Sen. Barry
Goldwater remarked in response, a sizable segment of
both Congress and the press doesn't want any intelli-
gence at all. It was left, however, to Sen. Daniel P.
Moynihan to tell it. like it is: "We indict more intelli-
gence officers than Russian spies,"- Moynihan says.
While the Russians spy onus, the government fires away.
at the FBI and CIA..
That's as good asummary as any.of what's been
happening for too long..-
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VALLEY MORNING STAR
HARLINGEN, TEXAS
15 May 1978
-ANDREW T4:A14
"icklish Situation~
nil ic,
WASHINGTON -ief -us toy. relations firm to "monitor". the . pharaceutical means{. to pent....
were possible for the United _ bunch Japanese Colby; of course; insetting no
"States goverment to hire. the businessmen: In his new job,. precedent. His predecessor,
former boss: of Moscow's spy Colby will be registered with the Richard Helms, worked for a-
shop as an adviser on the Soviet . Justice Department under- the group of. Iranian businessmen
Jpolitical: scene:;:.. j; a= Forei
gn Agents Registration: 'after leaving: the CIA. and the
,:'.The : jobs would involve, fie "`Act : :, .:?. :.. ;~ ; ..post as Ambassador to Iran.
quest communications between - Well now.. My admiration for That was risky, too, and one can.
Washington and its- new consul. Bill Colby lmows practically no only hope that Iranian spooks
tant.: Employer would summon.,' bounds. His integrity is unques-..didn't learn anything- interest!
-employe to the, U.S forface-to== : tioned:- He behaved. with grace ing from. that relationship.
face consultation., From=time to. before Congressional inves--. - 'However, it's time to do'some?
time, an emissarywould bedis-' tigators of the agency and-even thing about a ticklish situation....
patched to shoot the breeze with-," managed to protect:: some>.im Bill Colby is not a rich man, and
the former espionage chieftain -..portant. CIA secrets from: the.: he draws only a relatively mod
on his home turf: That's the blabbermouths on Capitol Hill. I. estpension. He still has children
routine: - .... ;, would trust Colby with my wife, to educate In short; he has to.
its agents failed to take advan' But Colby is also human. And ? What is required, then, is ac-
tage of such a juicy situation: U. Japanese intelligence' while no 'lion by Congress so that Bill
would expect CIA spooks to se*` more is engaged in the chore of Colby, an honorable man, need
every opportunity to brainwash' digging. up. national secrets not go to work for any foreign
':
our government's new hired :. wherever they can be found.-:: government That can be donee
hand with a view. to obtaining: from friendly as well as inimical . only by bestowing on all former =
pages of hot stuff on how- the.: governments. We spy- even on;:: CIA directors. a more substan-
Soviet KGB operated, what, it; the British and French, and vice. -. tial measure of financial sec..-,.
knew about our own. secret. versa.- urity. As men whose headsare.
.mischief- making; and, how if-.:- Onlya fool would suggest that.-.-. crammed' wi th vital secrets--..
acquired said intelligence::; ; a Bill Colby in his normal state: they should be protected against : ,
I assume that as a Russian :-, ofmindwould.leak any secrets: overtures from:. the .foreign
patriot the. lobbyist would.'re- ? to his new employer. He didn't:.: marketplace.
sists such Machiavellian im
por.-.: leak any even to hissmost ag--_:, ..`.: :~ ...` :..I
tunings.:But so-called truth;., gressive-.. Congressional' in- A- lifetime job as a well-paid,
drugs can be. administered quisitors. To me, he was they consultant to the CIA? Bill Col- without. the, subject's know most dedicated leader: everof by's experience and expertise
ledge. The, guy has. to eat..and-:, the CIA..: would be valuable to the agency,
drink-.,.: ,?,:.:...... But: there are:-those truth he once headed. Or perhaps
.
My fantasy is prompted by the, drugs. And'Colby has to eat and,, ex=CIA bosses, could be insu-
news -that William. Colby; :drink' too: The Japanese gov lated by, say; a $100,000-a-year,.
former director of the: c13. is : ernment would be derelict in its- tax-free pension. After all, they
going to work fora Tokyo public duty. if it failed-to employ some. know too much to be set adrift .
(9)
imeJo: Take Action
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP05S00620R000501240001-9
SAVANNAH PRESS
15 May 1978
J)
ence continues. On_ top.: of all its the trendy and twisted. "revisio
=Mother troubles in recant years, the ist theory"' that.blames the Unit
CIA has 'suffered aA rash. Of dis- ea States and not the Soviet Un
gruntied_ former agents who have ion, for starting and perpetuatin
-"With-. the prodding :oEIpromotion.= who-: hold. these-- views will.. ni
and fees; these malcontents have ; doubt have plaudits: and stars fo
shown all. and. told all`about their 5 PA
uauLamy assns ui rue: wA..: They for sure` will ignore th
The latest: of .these`revelations; - fact -that he violated his sol