NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 24; GREECE; TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NIS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110027-4
• Release Decision: RIP
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: October 25, 2016
• Sequence Number: 27
• Content Type: REPORTS

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CONFIDENTIAL
24IGSITT
0
Greece
March 1974
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
CONFIDENTIAL
37
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WARNING
The NIS is National Intelligence and may not be re-
leased or shown to representatives of any foreign govern-
ment or international body except by specific authorization
of the Director of Central Intelligence in accordance with
the provisions of National Security Council Intelligence Di-
rective No. 1.
For NIS containing unclassified material, however, the
portions so marked may be made available for official pur-
poses to foreign nationals and nongovernment personnel
provided no attribution is made to Notional Intelligence or
the National Intelligence Survey.
Subsections and graphics are individually classified
according to content. Clossifi cation/ control designa-
tions are:
WOU) Unclassified /For Official Use Only
(C) Confidential
(S) Secret
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Greece
M?M.:im
This charier mperiedea the tormxrta-
ffon and ickcorrmanicatfon cotwage fr+
the Genera! Su.-"y dates' May 1969.
A. Appraisal
l
Strategic mobility
l
C. Hailroads
2
D. Highways
5
L Wand waterways
7
F. pipelines
7
C. Ports
9
m Merchant marine
10
L Civil air
Is
J. Alr&lds
19
IL Telecommunicatkwo
It,
CONAL
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Fig. 1
Selected rail lines (table)
Fig. 2
Bailcy bridge (photo)
Fig. 3
Selected highways (table)
Fig. 4
C :ected pipelines (table)
if
FIGURES
Page
4 F ig. 5
5 Fig. 6
1: ig. 7
6 Fig. 8
8
Main Harbor, Piraievs (photo)
Major parts (table)
Selected airfields (table)
Terrain and transportation
(map)
Page
10
11
?u
follows 21
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Transportation and Telecommunications
A. Apprais (C)
C4
The transportation (Figure K) and tclec:arntnunica-
lirna (lelecomi systems of Greece are sparse a lad of
llllnted Capability. comparing, till favorahly with those
of most Western E uropean countries. surfacV
transportation, consisting mainly of highway Irinsport
and coustai shipping, is severely taxed to rivet
requirements. Telecommunications. especially
international and broadcast facilities, have improved
signific ently in recent years and now meet hilsic
national requirements. Radio relay is the primary
intercih means of ira nslnis .�on.
With the pxlpulatiorl concentrated rntustly :hank the
daeply indent4 -1 coal.is of the ntailaiand and islands.
and with the characteristkally mountainous terrain
inhibiting the development of surface transportation.
Greece is heavily dependent up ou maritime shipping
for domestic and international commerce. Alone its
lengthy coasts are 17 major and 37 minor harts. 'rhtwc
maritime shipping 1xises provide the only surface
transp Ol'Ution outlets (on the nuane Greek islands.
highway trunsprlrt is the dominant anode of
o- erland transportation; however, the mad network is
scantily dispersed through the inounlainous interior.
The railroad s%menl is sparse, poorly developed. anti of
only set oudary importance. Bath rail and highway
remltes provide international connectiom ;Bong the
northern Imrder. COnslnldian is un on a new
high capacity route front lgounlenilm' to Atex-
andnmpwlis near the ixlrder with Turkey and on a
four -lane divided highway extending foam Thessalur
niki north to Yug;taslavia. A 125-mile through nod is
heing huill along like northern coast of Cretin.
Civil aviation carries a sizable shure of the
international pxlssenger traffic. The civil air fleet is
small brat expanding, and the eauntry is served by 56
well distributed airfields_ Most of the telecom fueililies
are owned and operated by the governanent. With 11.2
exception of a 17 -mile commuter line, lire r dreads are
'For C1100ilk-4 4111 place rGattl41 xr 0 11- lilt ul 11111MM tm IiK� apron
ni the Terrain sold Trlmpadation map and lilt- mclp itwlf.
ow ned and Operated hy-,the government. T he lad lities
for the (other lransportutiott In (Kies are privalely awned
and operated.
B. Strategic mobility (C)
The surface trulspurtation and telecom sysleuls
could not sustain large -scale military operations. 'rile
%Ixtnity of the rail and highway networks would
seriously limit Ilaajol forcY' ttuovenlenl and supply. The
prt`JoInittantly single- track rail system. 1lnevenly
distributed and lacking in allernate mutes, is hindiercd
by light track structure, sltlall yards, an short passing
tracks. St:uulard -gage lines extend northward fnml the
Meraievs- Athens area to the Ixlyde of Yugoslavia,
Ilulg aria, and rurkey uud connect with the nicter-
guge iines in central Greece and with those encircling;
the northern purl of the l'a:lopoltnesus. However,
facilities for interchange helwcen the two mag es are
very limited. The highway network his many guiles of
narrow, pxxrly surfaced' roads that w ould helix -tie
heavy rnilitury Iraffie. 4lovenwnt is further
coluplicaled by numerous physical Ixlttlenecks oil the
network including ferry crossings, fords, underpasses.
narrow and low capacity bridges, defile., sharp cnnvcs
(including hairpin curves), and steep grade:, Climate.
principally rain and snow, also affects highway
movement. lfeavy snow from f)cceinhcr through
Fehrnary shows or Mocks traffic in p asis areas. Rainfall
occurring from Oclolwr through March :affects lire
trafficabilit of alnsurfuccd nwds, causes inundations
and washouts on low lying routes, and sometimes
triggers landslides in the hilly or mountainous areas.
The major ports gild most of the minor ports are
adaptable to military use. Of the Greek oceangoing
merchant flee! of 1,613 ships (if 10)0 gross register
tons (g.r,t.) and Over, al (cast 1,293 shii>,s lotaling
alxout 19,200,000 deadweight tans (d.w,t.) have
military sttppxort potential. Of these, the 949 cargo
type units (904 dry cargo, 39 refriger-ator, anti 6 timluer
carrier) hove extensive potential for short -haul (up to
48 hours steantinge;) tnmopo lift and for sustained
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logistics suplxtrt; it large maid of these shill% have
cargo handling, xbwage. and .heed characteristics
which would entrance their military utility, The dry
cargo units are primarily employed in worldwide
unscheduled (tramp) trade and thus might not lw
readily available for military suplxort under emergenc%
cYmclitions. With expansion of the normal luusseuger
calhlidl%. and the advantaige of relative)} high
operating six-eds. the GN pa- m -eiger :cite) 9 lias-
seager /cargo ships youki have an extensive lxiteutial
for longer haul (more [limit 48 hours' stearniuig) troop
transport. The tankers, wilit an estimated calmcily of
AWOL 70 nuilliun U.S. barrels of Wroleam and related
products, could provide at the outset an extensive
fleet -oiler and other military- suppi rl capabilit%.
however, a considerable ainouut of tanker tonnage is
tender long; -term foreign: chmer arniugemeuts and
Wright not he readily ayailablc under emergenchy
ccniditiuns. 1n addition to the occangoiny, fleet of shilos
having ntilit -try potential, there are aloud 24
L
automobile/ passenger ferries, each of more than 1.0110
g.r.t.. lotaiing about 9:3,0110 g.r I., which would
significantly augment the nterth:ntl fleet by providing
troop lift and logistics suplierrt in near seals olieretions.
t The triable airfields are well distributed on the
northern plains, along the rust. acid on {:,etc and the
other inujor islands. The efficient air facility systeen
includes 23 military fields, 8 of which are affiliated
with )NATO. Alhinmi, the enost imlxortant airfield, call
handle the largest jet aircraft. All burl thrcc fields in
the mainland /Crete complex can handle C -47 or
larger aircraft. All Greek civil aimnift would lie
available under mololliYalion conditions. aad most of
the Oly mpic Airways inventory is included in the air
forces Contingency planning. Most Olympic pilots are
farmer Hellenic Air Force officers and could Ire
expected to perform well in military operations.
The telcaim system has improved consi iii
recent yeses but still compares unfavorabtly with thine
of rust Westem Eureilxan countries. The rugged
terrain exerts a market) influence on amstruction.
olberution, and maintenance of telecom facilities. Tile
irregular coasiline of the mainland ;aticl the many
islands originally required extensive rase of submarine
cables. Mountainous terrain on the mainland makes
construction of ripen -wire lines or buried cable routes
difficult and costly, necessitating the use of radio -relay
systems. Destruction of a few key installations in the
telecom system, particularly radio-ielay junctioits such
z as Parnis Oros near Athcns and Patrai or Iraklion,
would disrupt traffic on important trunk routes.
C. Railroads (C)
The state -ow1wd liellenic liaiIW.iy ('ennprists 5161)
mute miles of standard gage (4'8 ").:yl% miles of
meter -gage 03V' 16 miles of 2'3AE" -gage, and 18
miles of 1'1 l a -g;age lines. All lines are single track
except for 62 miles of standard gage double� track
between Piraievs and Oinui and Plati and
Thesmloniki. The priyalel% owned I lellenie F lertric
Railways cion%ist of a I7 mile double -truck cYomilititer
line ill the Athens suburbs. This line. which carries
seven tinter as inany passengers annual)% as the
national system[, h:us no count'dions with the
remainder of the Greek systern.
The network is sparse and limited by the how
throughput calmeity of esisling lines and the lack of
alternative routes. however. the railroad provides
aceress to the mayor urban and Isom areas in the cast
and northeast crastai regions, of the mainland) and
encircles the northern part of the Pelu4xirmiesus. The
dendritic Iwtlern from the main Piraievs-Atheus-
Thess;doniki line provides connections with the rail
svAcnes of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and 'Turkey.
lea 1.97.2 the railroad staff numbered alonil 11.00o of
which 2,:5110 were contraid personnel. The sanely of
labor is abundant. but the general level of ciaalictencr
is lov. Greece Itas a railroad schcxil, hul most new skills
are acquired by on- the -job training. Seleeled
employees are occasiurt:ally sent to foreigri call ntries for
specialized schooling.
T he wstem has 12,1 t0 railroad bridges and culverts
totalfisg nearly 100,000 feet ill length. Most bridges-
are Its% than 230 feet long and are of steel. stone, or
concrete construction. Most of the major bridges are of
steel eonst fuel ion; lite lon gest is the 2,1183 foot
structure over Cite Vardar River. 13 miles northwest of
Thessaloniki. A new bridge carrying a scaind track
parallels this bridge. The 135 railroad tunnels in
Greece leave an aggre%a is length of over 73,1)00 feet.
The longest is the 6,923 -foot Bralln tunnel at Gravia
on the Piraievs Thessaloniki line; it is one of 44 tonatels
on a 33 -[rile welion of line. In addilinn the system has
12 galleries. Most structures are in goixl condition, are
malty are of possi World War 11 construction. A rail
ft.ry creases Patraikos Kolpos (9.9 miles) and links
Krionerion frith Patrai on the Peloponnesus.
Train mo+.�ements ire controlled boy timetable and
train galcrs vucpt on the two sections of double track
hetwce n Piraievs and Thessaloniki, where automatic
block control is in clse. Plans call for extending the
autorraic block to the remainder of this line.
Communications are by inadequate telephone .red
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I
telegraph systems. Radio tell- phones are lociny
installed on all loc oinutives. Signals are inechanic ally
operated, except on the automatic sections. and
consist of double -ann semaphores.
Despite m otlernitation efforts much of Cite Greek
equipment is old atul in.paror condition. Nearly 89% of
the total train mile., and gross- fort -miles in 1970 was
accomplished by diesel traelion, but steant
locomutivcs constitut( -A over half of tire motive power
pool. Standard -gage lines all interconnect, and
tmuiprrtent is interchangeable, Meter -gage lines am
located in thee: separate areas. and tlwre are three
distinct meter -gage equipment pools. Equipment for
all line.- is imparted locomotives and trainsets from
(Vest Germany, Frrartee. and Italy. and rolling stuck
from CAechoslovakk., Romania, Bulgaria, Poland.
Italy. Belgium, We -St Germany, and East Germany.
The inventory irk early 1971 was as fnldntx:
Major traffic Interruptions. especially in the
northern sections of the country, are caused by
snowfalls and by heavy rains. which rcault iti flooding
and landslides. Steep grades and sharp curves
prevailing in the ntoom.lain ous terrain over much of
the network make maintenance difficult. On
standard -gage lines the maximum grade is 2.sy, and
Cite minimum radius of curvature is 394 feet. On tits
rack section of the 2'34 -gagc line lietween
Dhiakoplon and Kalavnta, tote ntaxiuuam grade is
14..i%. and the minimnnt radius of curvatme is 273
feet.
Development plans include track renewal.
increasing moxiauun axleloads, electrifying and
double tracking the Piraievs- Thessaloniki line, and
inslalling automatic safety equipment at grade
crossings. Several proposads for building, new lines or
widening existing narrow -gage lines to standard-gage
sire underconsideration. New lines may be constructed
between Koaani and Kalahaka. from Fanarion on the
Kulabaka Sine to Prevera on the lonian Sea coast, and
from Korani to Igoumenilsa con the Ionian coast.
Additional pniposals include building new lines from
the Drama area on the 7'hcsarloniki- Alexandr ttprolis
line to Kavala on the coast: a branch from the existing
main line, which is to cross into Yugo slaviia in tits
vicinity of lake Mirin; and a line Will Thessaloniki
to Amfilnali .s. Pr oposah to convert meter gage to
standard gage include the Kulabuka to Velcstinon line
and the Pelop onnesus line from Piruievs to Patrai.
After declining iti the lute 19Ws and early 1910s.
passenger and freight traffic slabiliw d during the late
1980's and has been increasing steadily in the last few
years. During 19i 1, freight traffic amounted to 3.7
million short tons and W8.7 million short- ton miles;
passenger traffic amounted to 13.2 million passengers
and 1.01 hilllon passenger miles. Principal commodi-
ties consist of agricultural products construction
material, petruicuin, minerals, fertiW -crs, and
Industrial products
The railroads, which operate ail a loss, are suhsidired
by the goernutent. The deficit ire 1971 was equivalent
to US$3.68 million. and the oper.Uing ratio was 196.
Over half of the operating receipts are derived from
passenger traffic.
Most track maintenance: is performed manually and
is often Inadequate. Plans call for increased
mechanization of track maintenance. Track strneture
is light, and track conditions range from pt ood on the
Piralevs to Thessaloniki liars to poor art some of the
narrow -gage lines. T- section rail ant the standard -gage
lines is in 39.4 -foot lengths and weighs from 60 to 93
pounds per yard; rail on the meter -gage lines is in
26.3 -foot lengths :and weighs 42 to63 pounds per yard.
STAMM31111CAGIC NACA=
LA
LAKmrpm NVm.
Dind
94
43
Steam
178
9l}
Total
272
133
ltatl cats
33
35
Freight cars,
Smem
4,818
1
Goodales
758
358
PLnlcats
837
58
Qthea
MSo
138
'fatal
7,141
lANI
Paoerager cars
357
217
Vans
04
89
Over 4,600 Greek staaudaal -wake freight cars abet
UiC (International Union of Railways) requirements
for Inc in international tra."Ic. Freight cuts are
predominantly of 2 -axle design. and the average
capacity is 24.6 shard tons for standard gage and 1�1.8
shaft tons for nursery -gage cars. Repair facilities are
obsolete and inadequate. Principal standard -gage
locomotive repair shops arc located at Pirtievs and
rolling stock shops at Thessaloniki; there are meter
gage xhv +ps in Piraievs and Volos.
Fuel and diesel oils are refined donvestically at the
Aspmpirgos and Thessaloniki refineries from crude oil
imported from Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt. Libra, Iran,
the U.S.S.R.. and Italy. Approximately 33,000 short
tons of diesel nil arc consumed annually by the
railmads. Goal is imported-from the Unilcd Kirgdont,
Turkey, and 'West Germany: annual consumption
totals about 41,000 short tons. Supplies of water are
adequate for most littes, hilt because of high mineral
content the water should he chemically treated before
it ix used.
3
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Oil the A%tenl are 565 utile�s cif Welded rail in 177 -foal
we limes. V1eKt ties are of steel tin the st-tridard gage
limes, but dotllcstieally riuuudactured rrntcrete ties :Ire�
to he im inc a%ing tea re'l)l;ae'e' Shea Iles d11ri11g the
later 1970's: cnyKaate- treattYl wuexl tics ;am 11s4K1 (,ri the
uteler -gage lints :trill are spaaer -el 2,473 to 2.W) Ix�r
toile, Crushers stone is used for Ita ll:ast tall lutist lines.
Not sotue s -tudy cla% is Ami used. All track materials
curpt liall:ast and coike�rele lie+ are inllwrtr d ae�rl
ties and rail from Western Europe oriel wexxlen lies
from tln� Ultited Stales :trill Western h uro1w.
Characteristic% of !hl- inusl im1mrtmil mil Imes are
listed ill Figure 1.
D. Highways (C)
Ilit;hu�u} translxrt, dI�spite a n�lativeh� slxir,r
network o( Q-17 emir (if highway p sntiar� oboe, is the
prilrcip:al carrier of Ixllli fruigirl and 1xisse i -n. The
pattern autl dislributioli of the llighway tictwork have
lien sigolificatill itifiucucr�d by the rugg hilly :trill
toil uulatiluaes terrain of the mainland and the islands.
Arterial ro ors link most parts of tier crmntn htil are
cireuil41114% aligned in under to :ovoid tine eeutrsal
mountain Massif, the Pindus Mounlatins. Ro-ul deusits
is greader eatst of till- ttemmritain chain: file gfr:atest
devisity of Mauls. 110111'e�ver. is in tall- 1'efulxamtesus. The
wiman� rattle�+ of the me�lwork have a na,rlll- smtitle
.alignment. ;still lherc air few cask west through roate�s,
lie principal artery is the r1lhens�Lsrisu- l'lic�s:duniki-
Alexatrldromp olis ronle. Roads ill Crete and other
islands of the archilm1ago tin� sixim.. Iritertiational
highw�a cr,ntiectious exist Willi the highway networks
of Turkey, Ralkaria. Yligooslavia. ;told Albania.
The higha'ay nelwork (el:asifieel as uuliunul,
pmviricial, rnuuiciptl, and local r>:aisl totals almost
IL I* miles. comprishog 10,IK10 nlile�s of hihiminnus
snrfacrd roads (iuchiding bit uulinoux surface treated),
S.;ltlil miles crushed stone ;trill gravel. 3,:00 tables of
improved earth still light gravel. and 2,200 milers of
unimproved ra roads. The crinditim of the artwork
ranges from lxmr to g the naliun :l highways are ill
lit-tier condition Iliao trifler roules. Surface w�iddls
range from 8 1n �10 feel, with wider surf:acrs located
rn-aar urbmtrt areas. Shoulder widths runge up to 12 feel,
lint must mr only 3 to .1 feet wide, -trill many miles of
roads through hilly or ngitanlaitmus areas have no
slim ildem
Almnt 8,Y,' of tilt appnl.Ci silo tely 13.000 highway
bridges on till nelwork are of reinforecd cimenAL
crmstruction (including same prestressed croucirte
bridges). 104 are of siomernasotlry, and 3Sr or Ices are
of fitedwr and steel. Included ill like steel calf -gory a r e
;tit estimale-tl 311 to 7 3 teenixlran� Wide bridles
(Figelre ?1. Soruclun�s built before. 1940 have a
maxititrmt head capacity tof 25 tons; these luill after
19:11 wen� dc-signerl and erm for heads up to till
tons. There are sneeze Weak low capacity bridges oti
provincial and lexal mutes. Most structure% am deck
llx�s and have uulineiled vertical riearance�s�
florixxintad cleamoviN range from 19 In 26 6-1 ou
national highways and 13 feet or less on other
il ig h ways.
The rletweark leas a fen underpimes and three
known tom :teas; all have a minimum vertical clearance
of 1 feel. There are five ferry crossirogs hwated on the
tie:ditl:and trill nearby islands; ontlyink; islands of the
archilx�iago are served h% large %ealgoilig ferries.
Coli%tr,16-iou -trill matintena oice of national
highways are the reslxmsihi lit ies of the Ministry of
Public Works olxrrating through ils Directorate
Ceneral of Public %Vorlcs. Provincial. 11111rdeilml, and
leeeal roads are the reslxinsihility of provincial -.trill
other Frgionul mithearitivs.
Major COMIrttelion problems are atlribmtable to the
r ggcd rttmnulaintales le'rrain. Costly a nd extensive eats
and fills are relfuired for tolerable cones and grades;
lnosl ntmmvitain muds require retaining waifs.
hindslides. erosion, avid wasemal frost dauutl;e
ucwrrssitate extensive maieticrtamce. Suitable corestruc-
liolt vilatCdals suc -Il as laud, grave itrtd stone am
generally available is tansst punts of the crtuutry;
c 11wilt is pnxlucrtl l and is in adeg supply.
Some hihiviten is prelcloom;1 as it petroieeem hyproduct,
but supplemental imllorls are required. Slc�c:1 is
lmducml in the coonitry Not spectral slructmrtl shapes
illllst Ilan imlxarted.
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FIGURE 2. Holley b"ge on main rode wed of
Amfbm (C)

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A continuous program for highway irnprovcment is
directed to improving the main mutes and some
impeortaut seciindary routes, principally by widening,
realigning, and resurfacing. In addition, several new
through routes have been constructed and others are
planned or under construction. A new high capacit
through route is planned to extend from Igollrnenitsa
via Thessaloniki to Alexandrtopoulis; construction by a
U.S. contractor began in early 1972, but only a few
short stretches have Imen completed. A new four -lane
divided highway extending from the vicinity of
FIGtlRl: 3. Select* highways fC1
'Chessaluniki north to the Yugo border is udder
construction; c olnpletion is scheduled for late W3. In
addition, a segment cif divided highway from Katerini
north to Thessaloniki is planned or under construe
"011: this segment is part of the high capacity through
route extending north from Athens. A new through
route having moderate curves and grades is being
constructed ,long the northern coast of Crete. This
route, when completed, is to extend for about 125
miles and is to link most of Ilse island's impodunt
urban areas.
6
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
AV OUFACK
SHOULDER
ua[olli AND DttWl%*TtQX
DIsrARC6
aURVACK TT R
MiUiR
xe1KR
REMARKS
.Yrla
firr
Fed
Kilts Dial Athena, via Argos,
1W
Corinth.
Nile 0 ,Nile 34 (Tripolis)..
54
Bituminous............
14 22
0 4
Undulating to hilly terrain.
Mile 54 Mile 123 (Corinth).
69
du
14 -22
0-4
Undulating to mountainous ter-
rain.
Mile 123 �Mile too........
57
do
24 -26
4 10
Undulating terrain.
Tripolis to Corinth:
236
Mile 0- --Mile 94 (Pit")...
94
Bituminous, bituminous
13 30
2
Hilly terrain.
treated.
Mile 94 Mile 137 (Patrai)..
iii
Bituminous............
19
2
Undulating terrain.
Mile 357 2 3 6
76
do
24 -28
4 -8
X.
(Corinth).
Athens� Ther.slosiki, via
374
Lamia, Willa, Katerini:
Mite 0 ---Mile 138 Mantis)
ISO
do
24 -25
4 -10
Hilly terrain.
Mile 1 3 8 M i l e s s 1
173
do
25
7
Undulating terrain.
(&aerial)
Mite 311 �Alice 374 (Tbrs
63
do
18 -30
1 -3
Do.
aaloniki).
Elevgia- Lmlids, Levadhia.....
110
....4o...
20-28
1-4
Undulating to hilly terrain.
Levadbla� Albaala border, via
am
Amfiaa. Navpaktos, loan-
Bien:
Mile 0 �Mile 42 (AsRtims)...
42
....do
18-20
0-4
Hilly t errain.
Mile 42 �Mile too (Nav
67
....do
Is
0-3
Do.
paktos).
Mile t0ii�Mile 766 (loss-
137
....do
20 -34
0 -5
Undulating to hilly terrain.
Wool.
Mile 246 �Mile 286........
20
....do
14 -26
0-4
De.
Mile 206 �Mile 304 (Albania
IS
do
14 -20
0
Hilly terrain.
border).
IgotsmeRifss� Lari.a, via loam
166
miss:
Mite 0 �look 04 (ioariaius)..
W24
1 -2
De.
Mile 64 �Mile 140.........
70
flo
W23
0 -2
Mountsisous terrain.
Mile 140 �Mile 166........
36
....Jo
10 -18
1-6
Hilly terrale,
Tbeassbsiki RtslOisria border.
70
Bitenmiaoue, bitutaisous
12 -16
3-7
Flat to swuataisous terrain.
Iresto"ot.
Rte. Jet. 7 Lades N. of T"
3t3
saloaiki to Twkey border:
Mile 0 �Mile 20 (Aleaan.
900
....de
tb -20
1 -7
Undulating to hilly terrain.
droupolis).
Mile 901 --Mile 315........
Will
efe
12-26
1-4
Do.
6
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
FA
El
tligllway utovemclil is restricted by physical acid
climatic factors. Ferries, Fords, underpasses, and
narrow nod surfaers in i n st tarts of the vYiuulry
impeile traffic. In addition, there are defiles and many
sharp curves and sicc grades in the mountainous or
hilly regions. lhads are periodically hleicked by
landslides. anti heavy ;now front December through
Felxuary fre(pterutly interrupts traffic. Rainfall from
October lhnough March affects the trafficibility of
unsurfaeed roads and ncrasionally causes inundations
zinc) washouts. Ckmminklal eadh4jeakes destroy bridges
and sections of road.
The transportation policy of the Greek Covernmeut
discYmrages crompetilion helwevii highway transport
and the government -owned railroad system. Some
n mrictiona am maintained on the uumlocr of licenses
issued for common carrier vehicles, especially when
the carrier proposes In offer service to areas urrwd by
parallel railroad lines. Most (if lice registered trucks are
used by firms to transport their own eonnmodities; the
remainder belting, to single vehhde owners who operate
their vehicles For hire. Most it( the trucks have
capaciti"s of tep to 1.5 tons. In I W0 abnul 3.300 buses
were engaged in interurban transport; alcout
W600.000 passengers were carried in that year.
In January I972 the -M.308 motor vehicles
registered consisted of NA,420 passenger cars. 11`,FM
trucks, and 11,000 buses. There is no domestic motor
vehicle pnuduclion, and all vehicles are impeded. The
principal sources are West Germany, the United
Kingdom, Franck, and Italy; Japan is an increasingly
important sourec. Agreements were signed in 197`2
between the Greek Government and two French and
one Austrian motor vehicle manufacturer to assemble
passenger cars and tncckc; initial assembly operations
are scheduled for late 14!73 or early 1971. Sons hus
and truck bodies are fabricated locally for installation
on imported chassis. There is also some local
production of traders and semi- trailers, including
special purpxose tank and refrigerated trailers.
Figure 3 lists characteristics of the most important
highways.
peninsulas with the-mainland. The rivers, the Maritsa.
the Stnitna, and the Vardar, are of no value to inland
waterway traffic and are used only by sniall fishing
vessels and Flal- htillonleel brats.
The Ceirinth Canal. 3.9 nailer long and W feel wide,
is the only canal of any importance and is used almost
exclusively by maritime traffic. It cuts through the
Isthmus of Calrinth to connect the Gulf of Corinth
with the Saronikos Kolpus and is navigable by vesw�Is
not exceeding 58-foot heam and a 22 -foot draft. The
I7hiorix lrcvic adhos, a catial 3.4 miles lung acid 63 feel
wide. separates the island of Levkas from the
mainland and has a controlling depth of 19.3 feet. The
third canal. Dhiorix Potidhaia, joins Kassandras
Kulpxis with Themmikeos Kollxn and is used mostly by
fishing vessels operating uul of Thessaloniki. It is 0.7
mile long. 127 feet wide, and has about a 104ont
depth.
Heavy silting and rapid currents are the chief
factors hampering navigation. Silting in the Corinth
Canal requires weekly dredging to maintain n ornaal
depths. An ixtiaslenal landslide may block the canal
but available modern equipment permits clearance
within a few days..
The only structures on the waterways are a few
highway and rail hridger, which in some instances
restrict passage of small craft. The orw highway and
one railroad bridge over the Corinth Canal have
vertical under- hridge clearance of 171 feet.
Inland waterway ports are insignificant and have
virtually no facilities. Greece has no inland waterway
fleet. The domestic coastal fleet comprises about 740
vessels with an estimated cargo capacity of 126,000
tools.
The Ministry of Shipping. Transport and
Communications is responsible for coastal shipping
and inland waterway activities. Any waterway
c'onstnoctimi comes under the juristltction of the
Ministry of Public Works. The government reportedly
is interested in improving all domestic transportation
routes, but no waterway development program is
either in progress oi planned.
E. Inland waterways (C)
Im
The Greek inland waterway system is extremely
limited and is insignifii:-ant as a mock of transporta-
tion. The system consists of throe land -cult awtstal
cancels and three unconnected rivers which pnlvide a
total navigable length of less than 30 miles. Canals
account for 8 miles of the total. The only active
waterways are the canals which shorten coastal trade
routes by cutting through narrow necks connecting
F. Pipelines (C)
Greem has about 336 miles of major petroleum
pipelines in commercial artd military systems. The
principal commercial pipelines are connected with the
Greek national refinery at Aspropirgos. They include a
single crude oil line from u receiving marine terminal
at Megara and two lines for refined products leading
to the Piraievs area. The military systems, comprising
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
I
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
oq,
0
about 90% of the country total pipeline mileage.
were constructed by NATO to support air and ground
forces with refined products.
NATO has two basic 6- inch diameter pipeline
systems, hoth connecting with marine terminal
facilities at Andikira. The pipelines are of welded
Joints. are buried, and the direction of flow is
reversible at full rate in much of incir lengths. Otte
system connects Andikira with the Aspropirgos
refinery it-, the southeast. From the refinery. 4 inch
branch lines extend to air lanes at Elevsis and
Tanagra. The other system extends northward from
Andikira via ta< dsa toe Veroia, with a 4 -inch extension
to the army depot near Thessaloniki. The latter syste2.o
is jointly administered through the POL Distribution
Cd l oca ted at Lari Operational contrul is
vested in the air force, with primary army interest
being in the portion of the pipeline north of Larisa.
Stara-v and hording and discharge points along the
route are located at Andikira, Mikrothivai Larisa,
Kozani, Veneta. and the army depot near Thess 1oniki.
Air lases at Neu Ankhialos and Larisa are connected
by 4 -inch lines M the Mikrothivai and Larisu storage
Facilities, respectively.
Available details of selected pipelines are given in
F igure 4.
G. Poets (c)
Along the lengthy and irregular coastline of Greece
are 17 major and 37 minor ports and many small
Ilarbors for fishing veaxels and small' craft. The rugged
mountainous nature of tlw- mainland and islands has
greatly hampered development of overland transpor-
tation, and a long and indented coastline with matey
sheltered hays and gulfs has strongly Favored
developmeiet of ports and maritime tra.sportalion.
Coastal trade plays u very Importart role in the
economy of the mainland, and for the manv islands of
the Acgean and Ionian Seas, parts ate a necesity
because the sea provides the only surface access. Many
of the ports are very old, dating back to the era of the
Hellenic city states der to the medieval period, but most
of the larger ports are relatively- moddem. The major
ports have reasonably good facilities; the minor ports
a;r poorly equipped and normally are used by small
coasters and fishing vessels. The two large q and most
important ports, Piraievs (Figure and Thessaloniki
are on the Aegean side of the mainland. They are
receiving and shipping points for most. of the country's
foreign track and handle large amounts of coastal
trade. Of the other 13 major ports, only 3.
Alexanclroulmlis, Elevsis, Kavula, Skaramangus, and
Volos �are eat the mainland. Kalamai and Patrai are
on the Peloponu the rest are located on the
islands. Salamis, the main naval bast-, is on Sulaocas
island; Soudha and Iraklion are on Crete; Khaikis.
Kerkira, Ernioupolis, Mitilini, and Rodhos are on the
islands of Euboeu. Owfu, Siros, Les". and Rhodes.
respeclivelr. Except for the three: naval lases of
Salami%. Soudha ated Skaramangus. the other major
ports handle sume fc.feign trade but rowntly are
engaged in coastal shipping.
The shipping industry is being encouraged by the
government to play its part in adding to the income
and ecoonor� y of the country. Renovation projects of a
routine nature are being carried out in most major
ports and in some of the eninor ports. I mprovements to
the larger ports of Piraievs. Thessaloniki, and Rudhos
are of more significance.
The Piralevs Port Authority unnounced a 1973.77
investment program providing a total outlay of 6112
Million for port works, new buildings, road
construction, land purchase, and equipment.
Expansion of the existing container terminal and
construction of a new facili' y are planned. A detailed
study is being made by pcwt authorities aimed at
making several Greek ports "feeds co ntainer ports."
Piraievs is to be the main port for container transport
to the Eastern Meditenunean. Because 01 I#nprove-
ment in relations and a growing volume of trade
between Greece and her northern neighbors.
Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, the port of Thesahmiki is to
he organized to facilitate container trade with the
Balkun and Zastern European countries. An idea of
making Thessaloniki the "Trieste of Greece" was
underltneal by the establishment of a customs free
zone in the port. Tourism has loecome a heavy earner
of foreign exchange for Greece, and the Greek Islands
are popular with foreign tourists. Several islands ports,
namely. Iraklion. Kerkira, and hlltilini are building
new quays, extending 'breakwaters, and dreg ng the
harbor to provide deep water berths far ocean liners.
National policy has encouraged a strong shipbuilding
and ship repair industry. New shipyard facilities are
piamic-cl for Elevsis and Skammangas. Elevsis plans to
build ships up to 150,000 tons and to repair
supertankers. Skaramangas plans a new S00,000-ton
drydock by 1974 and a large uncle to he used in
conjunction with its shipyard.
The port system is adequate for normal shipping
requirem tints. Administratively the ports fall into three
categories. Pircievs and Thessaloniki are each
acdministeredi by a port authcd and the naval lases
9
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25X1

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4

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Greek -flag %hips carry alxotlt 40% of the cuunln's
total volume of internati sealxiroe imports and
exports and almost all coastal and Greek island
shipping. Nlnsl of the cargo ships operate worldwide in
uorlscht doled (trarnpl ervice; cargo ship. in
schccluled (liner) service are eneployed prituaril% in
Xledilerrancan and Greek voiotal trade. 'ranker
tonnage is operated primarily udder foreign charter
I rras I igenivi i ts.
In February 197.1 the merchant fleet amtprisetl
1.615 .hips of 1,000 g.r.t. and over, lotaling
16.916.11-1 g. r.t. or 273 deadweight ton.
(d.v.t.l as follows:
TYPE loo. or SHIPS G.A.T.
D.W.T.
"Tanker
267 5,897,302
10,459,182
Dry cargo
904 5,571,733
8,193,964
Sulk cargo
288 3,727,172
$,297,974
Tanker /ore rarrkr
11 812,977
1,535
passenger
68 507,419
218,952
Refrigerator
39 194,662
207.991
Passenger /cargo
9 74,436
71,586
hf smilaneous'
23 1311,413
189,023
Total
1,615 16,916,114
27.172,509
1 2 wine tankers; 4
liquefied gas tankers;
1 passenger/
refrigerator ship; and
1 chemical, 4 carAmlk, 15 cement,
and 6 timber carriers.
Additional data oil the fleet are as follo
P=CIrVr or
D.W.T.
No. or srrnes
Age (We�)-
To 10
53
436
11 -15
18
297
10-20
18
424
21.25
6
248
Over 25
4
192
Sim (dws.):
unckr 10,000...
12
890
10,000 19,999
31
585
20,4100.49,909
28
280
50,00049099
14
S9
100,000 and ovw
15
21
Speed (iteroti):
18 and over
64��
14-17
954
Under 14
Power:
597
Diesel
Oil fired dearer
2
Cod fired &we=
to
CaS tnrbile
1
�Includes 12 timlim, 2 Maher /are carriers eulcts over
2010.000 dw.t.
passenger. 17 re&hii ra w. 11 dry c ugo.
The goverrinrent has no direct ownership or other
fillancial interest in the fleet. Mom than
1,575 private
16
corlxmltions. individuals, or groups of individuals,
incli Ling 366 kaowo hencficial ownm. (entities .which
receiwe pro fits or as_cunle buses fron ulmraliom). are
concerned with ownership. management, urnperatiorl
of the fleet. Some 70 vm.els um not identified with a
definite beneficial owner, Each of 17 shipenyllcrs o wn
Inore than 3W.W) d.v.t. 'Cllr 6 largest Greek
%hilxtvuers. each oning more titan 300,(111t) d. w.t.
under Greek flag. are as follows:
K nown fontign financial interest in the Greek -flag
fleet, other than that of Greeks residing in foreign
col111tries, is lionllnal.
The Greek merchant n ed. decimated by the tof
three fourths of the tonnage during Wirld War 11, was
considerably expanded Ixtween 1946 and 1930,
primarily by the acquisition of many U.S. surplus
cargo ships and wverll tankers by Greek shirx,wnem.
finculccd front 'iheir wartime profits ant� war easuah%
insurance payments. By the end of 1931 the fleet
nunlhered 211 ships of about I,SGt)OW d.w.t..
including 1913 dry cargo. 14 tanker, 7 passenger cargo,
and a 1xvisenger ships, and by 1959 the fltvt had been
increased by about 130shipsand 1,5W,000d.w.t, Asa
direct resuh of government shipping policies d
to attract Greek shipowners w ith extensive 4uppiug
under foreign flags. "large amuw is of berth new and
tsx xl Greek- owriLd tonnage were traasferred from
foreign registries to the national flag between 1956
and 1959.
Within the last 3 years, them has been a slsedacular
expansion iu fleet tonnage, umonnting to a 155%
increase in deadweight tonnage send a 64% increase in
total numiser elf ships. During this period. tanker
tonnage has lleen increased by 234%. liulk cargo
tonnage by I'll and dry cargo tonnage by 58%.
In order to cxu ipete more effeciively with fleets of
other traditional maritime nations and "flags of
coil veil ience." particularly the Liberian and
Panamanian ea�venience flags, Creeek shipvwnlers
have been engaged in lolls structural and technical
modernization of their fleets. Rapid changes in fleet
structure have been necessitated by the demands of
shippers, and by technical inrxsvutions affecting
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No, or
SutpowNrm
SHIPS
D.W.T.
Unitcd Shipping Trading Co. of Greece,
S.A., Piraeus
24
2,761,541
t..olocotronis. Ltd.. London
64
2,178.03.;
Karageorgis, Michail A., Piraeus
41
913,814
Carras, J. C. Sons Shipbrokers), Ltd�
London
23
752,434
Coulandris, N. J. (Agencies), Ltd.,
London
15
663,6t6
Vartlinoyannis. N. J., Piraeus
IS
543,400
K nown fontign financial interest in the Greek -flag
fleet, other than that of Greeks residing in foreign
col111tries, is lionllnal.
The Greek merchant n ed. decimated by the tof
three fourths of the tonnage during Wirld War 11, was
considerably expanded Ixtween 1946 and 1930,
primarily by the acquisition of many U.S. surplus
cargo ships and wverll tankers by Greek shirx,wnem.
finculccd front 'iheir wartime profits ant� war easuah%
insurance payments. By the end of 1931 the fleet
nunlhered 211 ships of about I,SGt)OW d.w.t..
including 1913 dry cargo. 14 tanker, 7 passenger cargo,
and a 1xvisenger ships, and by 1959 the fltvt had been
increased by about 130shipsand 1,5W,000d.w.t, Asa
direct resuh of government shipping policies d
to attract Greek shipowners w ith extensive 4uppiug
under foreign flags. "large amuw is of berth new and
tsx xl Greek- owriLd tonnage were traasferred from
foreign registries to the national flag between 1956
and 1959.
Within the last 3 years, them has been a slsedacular
expansion iu fleet tonnage, umonnting to a 155%
increase in deadweight tonnage send a 64% increase in
total numiser elf ships. During this period. tanker
tonnage has lleen increased by 234%. liulk cargo
tonnage by I'll and dry cargo tonnage by 58%.
In order to cxu ipete more effeciively with fleets of
other traditional maritime nations and "flags of
coil veil ience." particularly the Liberian and
Panamanian ea�venience flags, Creeek shipvwnlers
have been engaged in lolls structural and technical
modernization of their fleets. Rapid changes in fleet
structure have been necessitated by the demands of
shippers, and by technical inrxsvutions affecting
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Aar
NJ
inlen lational shipping standards. B) scrapping and
selling ships, owners have emiliuually dislxrsed of
overige and other taimpnontival tonnage and h av e
atilaired as reel :urnlents more profitable u..M shim
and newly built stxxialimd units to more adeyuahly
satisfy shipper: nveds. Many small and inedium AM
lankers have [oven replamd Itv tiety. highly automated
units of much larger tommage. Most of the sinall bulk
and (Iry cargo ships have been replaced by medimn
size units for which there is mon- d emand in Creek
HIM trading. In addition to the nwrlernivatinu and
expansion of the eargo amt tanker fleets. Greek owner~
have siwtv>sf ill} developed the Creek -flag passenger
fleet into the world's largest in total munber of ships.
Transatlantic and transpacific servim is provided, but
the plinseoger fleet is employed prinuerily in Iucrrtive
cruise olieralions, particularly iu the ever increasing
tourist trade in the Greek islands. the Mediterranean.
and the Caeribbnean. Nt.' on have the traditional
Greek passenger ship owners converted to cruise
service but some Greek owners previously engaged
M-4 in cargo etorrying operations are nom operating
passenger ships in cruise trade.
In janquiry 1973. Greek -flag shilitmuers had on
order for delivery through 1976, a total of 112 new
ships agKregating about 7.830.000 d.w.t. Afoul 9046
Of this tonnage represented 41 tankers, including 16 of
BUM to 120,000 d.w.t., and 26 hulk cargo ships of
21.000 to 811.000 d.w.t.; the remaining tonnage
CY1nsisted of 21 dry cargo strips, 13 comtainvr ships. 3
crinenl Qkrrirrs. I passenger ship, and 1 tanker /ore
carrier.
In addition to the ships of 1,000 K.r.t. and over,
nmuny hundreds of smaller merchant ships -art-
employed primarily in domestic trade in the eastern
Mediterranean; included among the smaller ships are
63 tankers ranging from 100 to 990 g.r.l. aced totaling
allot 34,000 g.r.l.
In mid -1972, the Crock mvangoin fishing fleet
(strips Kneader than 1110 g, r. t.) totaled 71 ships of 41,102
g.r.t., including 30 Ioetween 100 and 999 K.r.t. and 12
between 2,000 and 3,999 g.r.t.
Men leant marine functions are administered by the
Ministry of Merchant Marine pincipully through the
Directorate- Ceneral Of Shippiuls Policw and lire
Ilarlor Corp Command. The Dim- daaate- General
formulates policies in marilirne d evelop mCnt,
navigation control, maritime lalor, seamen's welfare,
lort supervision and organiyalion. and research and
planning. The Harbor Carps Command is vested with
broad cxerulive aullHOrity ewer the administration and
rxolicing of yowl s, mnlrol of coastal navigation,
naarilimc training(, and stale -of- emergency planning.
:reecr is ;r nuvnlier of the inter- Governnrerltal
Mariiinle Cons ultalive Organizalion (INICO) and to
party to the following 1 RICO cYanventions: Safeh of
Life all Sea. (W). Prevention of Collisions at Sea,
Ill O; Oil Poll Ilion. 1971 tired 1%. 2- Facilitation of
Internation;el Nlaritinu� Traffic. MN!, and I.erad
Lines. 19liti.
11te Greek Government's primary objective ill the
devel opine nt of the mnerehant fleet has been lime
enurnrlgemenl of Greek s h ipowners to trlcisfer all
their tonnage from foreiKn registries to the national
flag. 11 is estimated Ihut less than St1 "6 of the toiul
Gmek owned gross register tonnage is registered under
Creek flag, la 1972. Greek -owned merchant lona:agc
of all ship sizm registered under the three largest flags
of a illvenmenee was as follows: Lib erian flag. 767 shills
of alxlut 17,300.000 g.r.t. (n1o; than 29,01111000
d.w.t.); Cypriot flag. 434 ships of about 2,`ICN1,01111
K. r. t.; and Panamuniau flag. 86 ships of about 780,01M
g.r.t. NI WIN tuunagr, mostl dry Cargo and bulk cargo
tylxs, has loecu transferred within the last few years as
a result of goverrementul hKislation and administrative
neeasures which have pnrvided favorable tai benefits
avid cruelit facilities.
Since 1968, GroCk -fl3K ships that are owned by
companies mtnsllel by (.reek interests have not limn
tskxed until they are 10 years old (12 years if built in
Greek yards). They tare then taxers annually on curt
register tonnage (Ne to 40C per net roister term
depending on the shills age); Creek -owned drills
under 30 years of age upon transfer front foreign
regiArics to the Greek flag are not taxed for it Fivrirxl of
a years. lu order to uttract foreign econon,ie interest to
establish regional or home offices in Gremv. including
Shipping eompanies which nmay or stay not he
crottrolted by Greek nationals, tltc government uffcrs
eertain tax benefits. Foreign -flug shipowners and
chacterers using the f lmixel Companies established in
Greece as agents, managers, or representulives am-
exempt from income tax. ins well its duties avid tariffs
4m income derived from transactions wile these
conapnie4.
Government- Ktitamnleed loans are extended for the.
prirch:ase o bo n avid 11sed tonn The
goverurnenl through the National 1kink of Grocer.
finanoms imminereial banks at an interest talc of 3.5%
for tike exlension of hang -term, low interest loans to
Gmek shipowners who pluee new -ship amen in
dom Mic shipyards intended for either domestieL or
foreign flag regislrv. Shipbuilding 1n11ns extended to
Greek shipowners by any Greek minmemial hank, the
Hellenic Industrial Development 'Bank. or any Foreign
bunk legally established in Greece, q ualify for
17
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government guarantees. Loans nna Iw extended by
Greek financial institution% for as much as 80%. of the
cost of it Greek -flag ship built in a do neslic shipyard,
lyith the government underwriting up to 30%' of the
total costs. To promote the nnoderniiation of the
Greek -flag cargo fleet employed in coastal trade, the
government guarantees loans for the purchase of used
ships of 50tl (0 3,111)(1 g.r.t. providing tlsc'sv ships are
Iecs that% 10 year% old and are purclaasccl as
replacements for obsolete units; these lours cover ill to
'X)% of the total value of the used ships.
No direct govern rent subsidies are provided Creek
flag shipowners engaged in international trictt;
however, some direct financial assistance is provided
certain shipowners employed on national interest lines
in Greek coastal trade. The carriage of coastal trade is
reserved for Greek -flag ship%.
let 1971 a total of 33,382 seafaring personnel, mostly
Greeks, was employed on Greek -flag ships of 100 g. r. t.
and over as fadlows: 7,306 master and deck officen
(including radio officers, apprentices. and cadets):
6,780 engineering officers (including apprentices and
cadets); 27,739 deck and engineering department
ratings; 10.9133 steward department personnel; and
774 miscellaneous personnel. At the %line lime, more
than 40,000 Creek mariners %were serving aboard
Gwel: -owned fooreign -flag shims.
Of vital concern to the government and Greek
shipowners is the acute shortage of qualifiod officers
and ratings. It is estimated that more than 10,000
additional Greek seafaring personnel will he required
annually to keep pace with the anticipa #reel growth in
Greek -owned tonnage under domestic and foreign
flags.
As part of a long-range program the government.
with snow financial assistance from Greek shipowners,
has financed the nxrdcmiyation of existing training
facilities and newly established merchant marine
schools during the last few years. Of more- than 50
Greek merchtant marine training facilities, about 20
schools are government sponsored (10 for deck and
engineer Officers, I for radio (fficers, and 9 for ratings
and misedlaneous training). Of the private facilities,
17 schools provide training for deck officers, 12 for
radio officers, and 6 for ratings and misecilaneous
training. The government offers many maritime
training scholarships and loans as-further incentive to
attract Greek youth to a sea career. It is estimated that
about 1,3100 students are attending the tuition -face
government -spono wd, training schoails for deck,
engineer, and radik, oificvn
Recent rneasn to benefit, marnen include a 2 -year
working agree mm which "oat only provides for aerass-
18
the -board increases in hasic wages. sick pad, and
overtime rate. hill a shorter working week and longer
paid holidays.
1. Civil Air t;U /OU1
Civil aviation constitutes all essential component of
the overall transportation system by linking ,areas not
well served by rail and highway. It aluo provides
essential links to the widely scattered islands. The
location of Greece on major inter- continental air
routes has also made the nation an important transit
point for international vornmerce. The 43 foreign
airline% that provide scheduled services link Athens
with 92 cities in 60 countries. Both domestic and
international air traffic have increased considerably ill
the last 5 vicars, camtribufing to tite growth of tourism
and aiding the Greek cconorny.
The principal civil air activity in Greece is
cnoduc�te d by the privately owned national air carrier.
Olympic Airways. and its subsidiar} Olympic
Aviation. Olympic Aviatinno formerly was the light
aircraft division of its parent coenpany but was made a
separate connpany to exploit the increasing charter and
vacation traffic to the Creek islands. These airlines
provide scheduled service to 25 domestic points and 26
cities in 19 foreign countries. Olympic Airways
operates two &ocing TUi-WOWS. four 707- 320c's, six
727- 20I1's, eight 720's, and seven NAMC YS -1 I's. In
addition, it has six DC-6 and six DC-3 aircraft which
have been withdrawn from service. Olympic Aviation
operates about 13 light aircraft ranging from the Short
Skyvan to a Cessna 130.
'there is 'little Greek civil air activity apart from
Olympic Airways and its subsidiary. The Ministry of
Social Services employs light aircraft for antimalaria
control and other task.-. The Ministry of Communica-
tions and Translxortation uses two Douglas DC4s as
cxec:utive and Flight .check aircraft. The Royal Acro
Club of Greece. several other small acnoclubs, and a
few private owneEs also operate light aircraft.
Registered in Gmece are 85 civil aircraft; of these 42
are over 20,000 pounds gross weight. All the major
transports are owned by Olympic Airways except the
two go ernme.nt- owned DC -'s and a Grumman J39
Gulfstream. The other 43 planes are light aircraft
owned by the airlines, aeroolubs, private individuals.
and nouavFation enterprises.
At bast 6,800 personnel are engaged in civil
aviation activities, 5,300 cmplu ?*41 by Olympic
Airways. locluded in, the total .personnel I figuttes are
132 turbojet pilots (4 of whom are British nalkmals),
100 transport pilots qualified oirpiston- driven aircraft
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R
(1 of wham is all American national). and 97
navigators and flight cnginerrs. In addition liken- ore
at least 1,180 skilled maintenance personnel.
Greece has nn Inajor civil aviation schools. Olympic
Airways pilots who are nol Fortner air foorm officers
receive Irniuing outside the country. New student
pilots of Olympic Airways receive training at the
Oxford Air Training Sc hcxol in England. Advarwed
and conversion training in the &,sing aircraft is
provided by Trans World Airlines (TWA) in the
United Slates. Transitional training in YS -1 I aircraft is
provided locally. Several stnull acroclubs and Olympic
Aviation provide prinnary flight Willing. In- coountn�
training for Olympic employees is conducted by a
department of professional training for udtnioistrative
and commercial personnel. The Civil Aviation
Administration, under the Ministry of Connnlunica-
lions and Transportation, is concerned with [lie
organization, development, and control or air
transportation. Its functions include the operation and,
administration of airfields, aids to navigation and
related cntlmunicutions facilities. contsul of air traffic,
and supervision of aviation technical platters. It also
nlonitors foreign air carrier operations in Greece as
well as the international agreements related to civil
aviation.
Greece belongs to the International Civil Aviutiou
Organization and has signal the principal multilateral
civil aviation conventions. Olympic Airway is a
member of the International Air Transport Associa-
tion. Greece has entered into formal or informal civil
air axreemenls and arrangements with at least 43
nations, including Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hun-
gary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
J. Airfiel& (C)
The Creek :air facilities system consists of 36
airfields, 7 sites, and 2 inactive seaplane stations; 23
airfields are military, 22 civil, and I joint
civil /military. The airfields are eveniv distributed con
the plains of the northeast and east alotng the crust of
the west end of the Pel4Mxmncsus%. The greatest density
is in the Athens as -a. Crete has five airfields. and
Khios, Kerkira, Kos, I-Ashos, Limnos, Milumns,
Rhodes, Samos, and Zakinthos have at least one
uirfield each. There are some smaller airfields in
mountain valleys in the north and west.
Tor ek W61 iufornwt &m 4na individual airfictds in Como. Cale
and thelkw6vnese ldaudssee Volume I5A,A11rft444mood5enp me
Sterrons of she Wald. putdishett by the tefeme MappinK Agency,
Acnaspur Critter, for the Defense Inidlittencr Apeucw.
The Greek air facility system, with U.S. :lid, is
modern and efficient. Athinai and Thessaloniki
handle most of the civil air traffic. Through
agreentellts with 20 or rraarr 14MIKn 0MUntrirs. Greco
is steadily increasing its volume of international
traffic. Athinai, Cite nuts[ Important airficld in Greece.
has a runway capacity for the largest civil or military
jet airerafl. Agrinion Now, Andravidha, Maxus.
Elevsis. l.arisa, lea Ankloialos, and Tan:tgra airfields
in conjunction with Athinai airfield are also used as NATO airfields. All but three ,tirfields in the
Greek /Crete co rnpirx can ha ne'te C47 or larger
aircraft.
Pern:uocnt s- urfaced runways arc found on 37
airfields, and the Bother fields have temlxorary or
natural surfaces. Airfield maintenance persoonnel are
well trained, and noway maintenance is gcuerally
adequate to maintain facilities in an operable
condition.
Airfield construction anti ronN�ay improvements are
underway at several hwations. The moist important
development is on the island of Rhodes, where the new
airfield has a runway in excess of 10,000 fact.
Figure 7 lists characteristics of the nnst impoutanl
airfield..
K. Telecommmications (C)
Greece's telecom system has improved considerably
in the last i years and now provides generaliy
adequate service to the public, government agencies,
and industry. Even with a growth rule of -1$5 per
year, the telecatrn organisation has difficulty meeting
rapidly increasing demands for services. Combinations
of radio -relay link%, open -wire lihm, and radiocom-
munication circuits form petworks reaching all areas
on the mainland and most of the islands. Older
facilities in the larger cities have been replaced by
modern, equipmerll, and numerous localities have
been incorporated in the national direct -dial
tekphnae system. Broadcast services have been vastly
improved, particularly facilities far FM and TV
-Programs. International telecom facilities have been
strengthened through the introduction of satellite
circuits and new submarine cables. The telecom
system. of Greece is still it% developed than tham of
most other Western European countries, but it is
superior to those of neighboring Albania, Bulgaria,
and Turkey.
The government owns all telecom facilities'�exoept
fo`r sortie NATO operatlonx and a few privately owned
broadcast stations. The Ministry of Communications
19
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FI(sUM 7. Sdkehd airfblds {C}
I. inlnos
Asphalt.............
IAI \GKKr Ill.' W AY:
{toeing 737.... Civil. Aviation and jet fuel available In xrnii-
LAmat;Wr
9,843 x 148
aUhFACE'.
AptCRAFr
Ur t' ATI n 8 .J A0V r.
Asphalt...............
Ott M ALLY
\AUr AVII
7AWATInr
ArA Lxvr.1,
PSWO
IIt*FPoaTro xtdlAKX%
t6
Frrl
f'11UJIdA
Het. An3thislos.........
Agrinion Nets.....,
('0ncrelr
:3,5,5011
C- 1911......... Military, Standby XATOairfietd. Aviatwo and
38 �36'X�
21
9,810 x 1W
jet fuel available In underground tanks.
tanks.
75
Asphalt
38,3110
Andravidha...........
36 0 23 7 1� 28�077%
Asphalt.
511.6111
C- I'M......... Jolnt.XA'lOAAAF(' jet fighter '!amber anti
37 55'X.,
2
10.2" x 148
tanks.
airport of entry. Aviation and jet fuel
Asphalt...............
44.300
:IO
33 ,W 24 E.
available In underground tanks
Athinxi
Aviatiutl aced jet f rl ovaih%ble in under
Asphalt.
105,490
H- .i2 Joint. Mnjor civil,�lnilitary airfield, Inter
37
23
10,409 x 197
31,5W
national airport. Aviation and jet furl
38�91VN., 23.34
9.810 x 148
99
base. Aviation and jet fuel at�ailable in
available in aboveground and underground
495
underground tanks.
Tbeoialowilki...........
tanks.
Araxos
C- 133......... lol at, NAT0.411AK airfield. Intttewational
Concrete..............
35,3(a)
C- 131) Military. XA7'0tIiAFC jet righter bare,
3911,9'
21�24
9.810 x 98
Aviation and let NO avnilnblr in undrr-
r oo
ground tanks.
F leveis
Asphalt
60.561
C- 1.11......... Military. \AT0,111AW. Weather ahernatr
38 �04
23�:33
10,810 x 1:31
for Atbiniti. Aviation and jet fuel available
1.13
In aboveground and underground tanks.
Iraklion.
Asphalt.
ii13,51K1
Dc-8 Civil. International airport. Aviation and jet
3.5�:0'X.,'25
�11'F,
8,7113 x 148
fuel available in underground tanks,
WI
Kalamai
Concrete......
35,5(10
C- I30 Military, IIAF(' 111101 training lxlsr. NATO
37�!1.1'\.,
22
9.x to x I(MI
reserve base. Aviation and jet furl available
23
in semi- buried tanks.
Krrkirx
Asphalt...............
3.'',500
hoeing %V... Civil. Airport of entry. Aviation and jt.t fuel
39 �36'
l0�a5'F.
7,117�6 x 144
available 'n semi- buried and al
6
tanks,
Lorim
Concrete..............
56,600
C- 13. Military. AT0AIA }4' recom airawncr and
39
10.660 x 148
jet fighter hayu. Aviation and jet furl
249
available in semi buried and underground
tanks.
I. inlnos
Asphalt.............
40,600
{toeing 737.... Civil. Aviation and jet fuel available In xrnii-
38 25'15
9,843 x 148
buried and undergmund tanks.
13
Mitillid
Asphalt...............
30,700
ilC�tt......... Civil. Airport of entry. Aviation and jet fuel
WON�, 26
6,476 x 148
available in 3flalted amount.
t6
Het. An3thislos.........
Asphalt
36,600
C- 133...... Military. \AT0111AVC jet righter base.
39 .13'N.. 22
9.810 x 149
Aviation and jot furl available is setui buriM
96
tanks.
Ro..................
Asphalt
38,3110
DC Civil. Airport of entry. Aviation and jet furl
36 0 23 7 1� 28�077%
7,874 x 148
avalloW is underRrouncl and Rbovripound
204
tanks.
ouAha
Asphalt...............
44.300
C- 133......... Military. HAFC jet fighter bomber bole.
33 ,W 24 E.
9,W9 x 1411
Aviatiutl aced jet f rl ovaih%ble in under
48U
Woaod tasks.
Tanaipra
Asphalt...............
31,5W
C- lag......... Military. NATO maid HAiiC fighter bomber
38�91VN., 23.34
9.810 x 148
base. Aviation and jet fuel at�ailable in
495
underground tanks.
Tbeoialowilki...........
Asphalt
i15,aw
C- 133......... lol at, NAT0.411AK airfield. Intttewational
49.31 22'58'�-
9003 x 148
airport of entry. Aviation and jet fuel
26
nw%lla6ie is iibnvepgrg etuld tanks.
sEquivxkrat Bitlgie -Whool Loadles: Capasity of an aitfi W runway to susWn the weight of any mvltlplat wbed tattdiag�9ear
airemit in terms of the aitipile- wheel equivalent.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CI4- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
and 'I'nutspxrtatioa is the nominal regulatory
authority. bul it exercises little control. The Ilellenic
l'cico.,rennuuit- ,eliolas Orgai.izalion S. A. (OTE). a
senaiaulonontotes goyeTliment -owned cumpar..
operates lire facilities providing public domestic and
internalioaml telephone and telegraph services. The
governnrent-owleed National Kadin- 'I'etetiisioro Insti-
tute (EIRT') has separate directorates for radiobroad-
trast and TV and onerrtes all broudcast facilities
exkept those of the Greek Arney and the %'0A-
The doniLmic network is a mixture of radio -relay
links, apeo -wire and cable sysienis. and high.
frequency (11F) ruli,rcoimrnnnicatiirus. Open -wire
lines provide the greatest geographic coverage on the
muiniaml, but radio -relay links cwnstilute the most
significant part of the intercity netwnsk and now carry
the greatest share of the public traffic. Microwave
radio -relay links extend inane Athens nottli Io I arisa
and Thessaloniki. west to Patrai and Kerkira, and
south through 'Tripolis to the island of Crete.
maximuin capxtcity ort Illow major mules merges from
300 to 9GG telephrne chancels. A I.t W- .han;wl
system was mrenlly imwguratctl between Athens,
5ervia, and Thessaloniki. Front Patrai very -high-
freelraency (WIE) routes of up to 24 channels am
operatal to f.cvkas and Zakinthos; a similar series of
radio -relay links extends soulhcastward from the
mainland into many of the.Cyclades :red Dodecanese
islands. Onc harried coaxial cable sysleni having ?.700
channels cline cts Athens with Patrai and a submarine
cable terminal at Lelehaina; a 1.260 channel buried
coaxial cable extends north from Athens to l.arisa.
Gatnpilenaenting dim.* systems is all extensive network
Of open -wire linos which provides good service into :be
key frontier towns in northern Greece. A number of
IIF radiotelephone circuits offer important backup
routes into many of the Aegean islands. Greece now
has abeout 1.3 trillion telephone sets, an increase froao
3.2 sets per 100 in 1961 to 14 per (ex.... Most
local urban telephone exchanges have aaitomalic
equipment, and nearly 90% of all long distance calls
can he dialetl directly by the subscriber. There are
almut I,IiW sulsi:ribers in the domestic telex network,
which involves;sorni.- 21 exchanges in the major cities.
Ex vIlent, largely automated internatioioal service is
furnished by cimItial suhrrmarine cabk!s, a satellite
ground station, HF radiocummuricatious, radio -relay
links. and open -wire lines. Most of the traffic is routed
via coaxial cables connecting: Khania with Sicily (60
channels) and Lckhaina with southern Itlily (4190
channels). The satellite grouted station at Thenwipyliai
provides 132 high quality circuits to the United
Kinptdum, Canada, and the Unite&StuWs 4 Way of
the Atlantic Ocean satellite: a recently installed
w o nd antenna works with llte Indian Ocwun satellite.
A tropx,splxvriv- scalier circuit leaving 106 channels is
operated between eastern Crete and Cyprus. and
radio -rela% routes connect Greece with 'Turkey and
Italy. The Italian roule carfies %0 chanlleis plus at TV
link into the Kurovision network. 01wn -wire fides cross
into Albania. Yugoslavia. 11hilgaria, and 'Turkey.
Radi(mmunteetirttion stations near Athens provide
direct I I F cireoits to 1.1 countries. A modern. 4W -limo
inlernational exchange in Alhcos handles almost :all
traffic, incltuling direct -dial telephone and telex
service to at Ie.lsl 12 countries.
The most extensive special purpose telecom network
is that olmraled by the Greek arened forces. Consisting
for the most part of r:aditxoneaunnicallions and some
radio -relay circuils, it inc�iudes circuits leased in the
Iwo domestic coaxial cables. sonic circuils ill ihcse
cables arc also leased to NATO. which operates a
ntnnber of radio -relay and lropxosphcric.sc:etter eiretrlis
throughout Greece and into Italy. Turkey. and
Cyprus. Other important special- purpose systems arc
administered and operalml by llte Hellenic State
Railways, the Public Power Corporation, anfl various
police orgarirrtions.
7'hc Greek limadcasting service: has been vastly
improved through the inepiementution of several
conlrrcts for many new radiobrcadcast and TV
stations. In operation are 3t1 AM broadcast stations.
and services arc provided by the EIRT government
orgunivation through 13 stations, the Greek Army with
12 stations, and 3 other privately owned or foreign
xtutions. The Athens slation broadcasts three
programs; either EIRT stations rebroadcast the
national program and regional programs originating
in hoend studios. A new high- fr%-gtacncy ititerrnaional
brwadcast station wllh twit 1004w,transmilterx has
beat inaugurated northeast of Athens recur Khalkis.
The Voice of America (VOA) station, formerly in
Thessaloniki, has been mowed to at new site near
Kavalu and equipped with 150-kw transmitters.
comparable to thei* station at Rodhos. There are at
least nine separate FM broadest stations, all
culhx rtcd with new TV slutions. Some of the stations
have two or thee(. Iransmiltcrs. 'T1' prgnams are
transmitted by 10 stations operated by the EIRT, 13
Greek Army stations, and I operate l by the U.S.
Armed Forces Network at Iraklion. The culire EIRT
network has hcen installed within 3 years as part of a
contract enteted Into with Page Europa (Italy). In
operatian one 10 of the 17 planned station.; [lie
remainder aie scheduled too be operating by the end of
1973. The army network consists of 3 basic stations
41
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
CONPlnt:'MAL
and 10 rehroadcusl transmitters. The number of
rtdiohroadeast receivers is estunaterl at 1.4 million.
and the nrunbef of 11' set- -it 5110.0110.
G expanding telectim industry is able to
rnanufacture some lypcs of telecrm equipment
including tcleplmetc handsets. all types of telephone
switching equipment, mire and cable, and IT and
radiolumdcast receivers. Output is lint sufficiesat to
meet hrati needs. Civilian c(tuiperent is imported
r�ainly from Japan, the United kingdom, and West
Germany: virtually till military equipment has been
provided by the United Statcs. 7'he three major
companies� Sierrneus Televigtnichonikl S.A., ITT
Hellas S.A., and Philips S.A. �arc subsidiaries of
foreign eornlVities. A numlxr of small, locally owned
firms ussenstsle radio and TV receivers from inspurt'A
components.
the number of skilled telecom perxnnel remains
small. Most technicians.are former areov personnel
wined at the Hellenic Army Signal Corps Training
Center w1we the quality of instruction is good. In line
with extensive system expansiost programs. MY
operates its own training school for telecom
techni6ans. The National Technical University ill
Athens offer- degrees in electrical etsgiueering.
A broad range of telewom improvement plans are
currently being implemettted or are under contractual
discussion, Most important are the high capacity
international links, including the 1,801)- channel radio.
lelay system from Kavala to Istanbul. Turkey; a 9W
channel system into Sofia, Bulgaria. anti a :3W-
chantlel tropospherc- scat(er link to Damao, Libya.
Submarine cables of 480 channels capacity are to 1x
laid from Crete to Lebanon, and 644) channels front
Corte to Marseille. France. Anothercoaxial submarine
cable is to be laid from Corte to Athens to isiteiantnect
with tlw retraining international routes_ The OTE is
installing 280,000 local telephone lilies, and Ofd' Fs
have been placed for 1 cluuntel open -sin and cable
carrier equipment as part of the 1971 -�G ie.veslrnerit
program.
CON IDF: MAL
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
Moms ottd ha711ns rel mld to In *h Come 5wwy Wou)
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4
co oRVIYAT16a
CoonalXATM
o FN
PE
P.V.
f Le.
Acropulin( kit)
37 58
23 44
Kardhis.....
40 27
21 48
Merin (admix).................
Adhimas.........
36 44
24 26
KardAitea admin)
39 20
21 45
laindue Mountains (mis).........
Agran
40 49
'`2 00
Kiristos.
38 UO
24 25
Mriivs.................
Aarluion
I. 38 39
21 24
Kaneiadrss K611.os(Vuq).................
40 06
23 3D
Piraiivs (�drain)........-
Aitolfa kae Akarnania admin)
38 30
21 30
Knateris (admix)
40 30
21 10
Pir (tom.........................
Al yiun
38 15
22 US
Kaslrikion
38 44
26 21
Pithion
Akhais (admin)
3800
2200
Katlikolon.....
37 39
21 1
lair
Akhel6b% Poison& (srrm)
38 20
21 06
Katerini.
40 1-6
22 30
Pbros............
Alexandrodpolix
10 51
25 52
Katakhf.
38 25
21 15
Potldbafa, Dhiierix (caul).,.
Alf iris
37 39
21 30
Kaviks..
4 36
24 25
PrBvrsa
AM& Potam6a (arras)
37 37
31 27
Kavils admix)
41 m
24 30
Preveaa (admin)
Alikknion Po lahl bn (alrm)
411 30
22 40
Kv:
37 b2
21 16
Ptokautia.....................
Alivcrion
38 2.9
24 02
Xtdallinia 0,11)�.........................
38 iS
211 35
Rikw........................
Amfipolis
40 50
23 51
Kefallinia (admira)
iii 15
20 30
Rethlrant(admin)
A mfims
38 32
22 23
KErkira....
39 36
119 55
Wthimnon...........
Amindalon
I..... 40 41
21 41
Kirkire admix).........................
39 40
19 43
Rhodes(Mdhos) Gall...........
Andiki ra
38 23
22 38
Khalkidhiki (admix).....................
46 25
23 30
Rodh6pi(admin)...............
Andro.
37 50
24 56
KIWkidhiki (prn).......................
4 25
23 2i
RGdhos..........
,%rKul Its admix)
37 40
2230
K halkidhbn
40 44
22 36
8talanlis
Antos
37 38
22 44
K halki n.
39 28
23 36
sxlarnis (W)
Arsostnl ion
3" 11
2(1 29
K hanii.. ...........I.......,...........
as 31
24 0 2
Saloniki.........
Arkadhia (adman)
37 3A
22 15
Khanii (admin).............
33 20
24 00
Simi.................
Arkhafa blimbla
37 39
21 38
Khios.........
38 22
26 08
1 FA (is1)
Armenokhurion
411 48
ZI 28
Khios isl
J8 22
26 00
$Amos admix)...... I.
Arta (ad Kira)
39 10
21 00
Was admie
38 25
26 00
$amothrace (Sa mathriki)(W)..
Aeprbkhoms
37 03
22 05
Kiiinii........
38 04
23 49
Smadanakt, Ba!Bllria...........
Anpr6piritc
38 04
23 33
Kikktdhea (admix).......................
37 25
24 S3
Saroaikbs K61pos(Vadf)........
Asprovilta
40 43
23 42
Kilkia(admix)..............
41 00
22 40
Setatrnit, YuRoslavis (Arm).....
Astak6N
38 32
21 0.S
Killini..
37 56
21 09
Sitra).
SFrrsi.tw!n1!a
At hr ns
37 5%
23 44
Me al....
38 :18
24 06
Attiki(admin)
38 93
23 30
Kiparipwa
37 la
sit
21 1),
`9iV
....n.......�........
{yion 6ro n(admin)
40 IS
24 ill
Kewa6a
4t 07
23 2i
b ro
&106
A)�ion bras (Athos) (pen)................
40 15
24 85
Komolini
37 53
22 40
Sikwrikhi.
Ayias \Ikhlaaa
38 53
21 34
Korinthfa (admira).......................
99 5l1
roa rs
Ai )iii
37 22
22 09
2b So
Kos Y al)
Koaini
40 18
21 47
Skanmaulaie
Bilisht. Albania.........
40 37
41 02
21 20
Kosini admix)
40 '10
21 43
Sofia, Bulbat'
l4itola. Yuyos{rvia.
41 00
29 00
Krioni irlo
38 21
21 is
Soiidha
Bofporua(arer)
39 22
26 00
When Hotambn (firm)�.................
J? J4
21
Sparta.....
('hios( Khios) trmi)
39 40
19 43
fake HIM (Iliki Idmni) (1k) 38 25
15
23 l3
Stilis....
Corfu (isf)
37 56
2'a M
Lake %twathonna (Maralli6noa, Limns) (1k). 38 10
�s 5J
Strut Dion.................
Corinth............
Corinth Canal (cnal)�
37 57
22 58
Lakonla (odmin)
37 00
22 35
Strums River (sane)..........
('0rixth, Gulf of (may)
38 12
2'a 30
Lo mia..
3(i S4
39 34
22 26
23 17
lanfi9ra.............
ThSsoa (id)
Crete U51). ........................1
35 15
24 4S
1Awirnn*.
39 38
:a 25
fhrrmaik6ul Kblpon (vr(Jy.
Cyclades (hls)
37 00
40 15
25 10
26 23
I. flaw...
Lirisa (admix)........................ Jy 30
22 J11
T ermap i
Dardanelles( dri)
Darnall, Libya
32 46
12 39
t.anithi( admix).........................
35 03
23 50
Them,Lopylae (pa+s)...........
Dblakoptlen
38 !e
22 12
livrion
97 43
21 11.4
Thevprot (ad mt n
Dhisvati
40 41
22 51
ekhatai
47 S6
21 lb
TMsslltonikl
I)hionisas
38 06
23 S3
Lemnes(Llmnon) 0SO
39 55
23 IS
Tbefmlottiki (admix)..........
Dhodhekinisoa (admin)
36 5(1
27 05
1. eonidhlon
37 10
22 52
Tbeasdanf 6rmalr
'1`hiral
Dhomokbs
39 OR
22 I8
Lira, ial
JZ 08
26 50
{rAa!iea).
Thrare (r/a)....
Dodecancse (ids)
36 00
27 04
Lv*bos (Lkavoe) (ial)...............
39 10
26 32
T tlor
Dairan. Lake (lkl
41 13
22 41
LEsvrs( admix
39 16
26 20
'i'lnos(iat)...................
Drama
41.09
24 09
I.ev" him
a8 26
38 47
22 53
20 44
Tourkovolinitl lint (klla)......
brims admir).........................
41 15
2.1 IS
I evkidbes, Dh"s (crW)
Tri
Drit,.a (pfain
41 05
24 05
Levkia admin)
JB 45
20 10
Trlksla (ad ix)..............
Irdirnc. Tttraey
41 4(1
20 34
1.rvkix (ial)..
38 43
20 38
Ela>�s6n
39 54
2'2 11
i.i.tnokladhlon x x
fJksvitt6s
38 ss
37 59
2a 22
2J 45
y��
River (Arm)
Elevlhrrai
40 51
24 15
(All)..........................
at
ylevsls
38 02
23 32
14t6khoran (ran)........................
W D9
22 33
Vekatina
Elevafnos, K61poe {bays
38 Ok
23
I.outrL (yarn)......................
37 39
:1 l9
vat
Rliinik6n
37 53
23 44
Macedonia (rpm)
99 1S
6o
vfui fall}
Ertno 4pnlis
37 27
24 S6
MaRaisia (admix).......................
35 28.
22 45
24.0#
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200110027 -4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP0I-00707R000200110027-4
Arzarnuhhiirlon
40 48
21 28
Xhfo% (isn 39 22
26 00
8i 8
Sarnothriki)
Arta (admirs)
39 10
21 OD
Khloo (aJaist)
38 25
26 W
Z. (jai)
AsWkhoma.
3 03
12 05
Killoifi
38 04
23 49
1 snda nsirk- Butgoria. I. I
Aspr6pirgas
38 04
23 35
KikUdk" (admin)
X 2
24 45
SafouiYA K61p i
Anprovi
40 43
23 4 2
Kilki (qdman).
41 00
2 2 40
"ermenli, YugasUvka tarrat)
Astak r
38 :12
21 W
Kiffitil
37 50
21 (19
SFrrat
Athena........
37 59
23 41
K11,11.
38 34
21 M
W
AtUk1 (admin)
38 05
23 3D
kiparimio
N7
29, 40
W# ost,on
Ayi on 6 rug
40 IS
24 Its
Kn-46--
4l 07
24 24
*WnGA USO...
Aylon Oros (Arbon) 1pcm)
40 35
24 145
Korstutirtf
37 35
22 40
Sikornikkhi
Aylon Nlk6laox
38 53
21 34
Korinthin (admin)
36 So
27 10
Siros (W)
Bilill
V.
40 37
L'2 09
20 -W
Kos
Kozini
40 18
21 47
Skwrantansis-
"iti Alb
Bitola, y upop A &v i s
41 02
1 .1 20
Kozini (odmin),
40 2 0
21 43
S. Bulgaria
Il osporub
41 00
29 OD
KrIGIV66011
38 21
21 36
so(Who
Chios (Khios) (tt)
3
(K)
U4clhnn Potam4m (airm).
37 311
21 49
Sparlm
39 40
10 45
Lxkv lliki (Iliki 1.(nni) (1k)
3K 25
23
S011A
Corfu flat)
37 50
22 50
Lake %I Mrs th gFu th6pox,
Meant) (1k) 38 111
23 53
Ktrnt6niun
C
C (7,
37 57
22 53
Lakonia
37 110
22 W,
htfurna Hit 14orm)
'1
Cali Gull of (hay).......
.110 12
22 30
Latilia
38 54
22 '2%
aronril
Cw,p tray)
35 15
24 45
LArlmns
U 34
4 3 17
:97 W
25 10
[Arim
39 38
15
Thermolkep Kid al
pw (g f)
Dardanelles Wd)
40 15
26 25
I-nrisa OdmanP
39 30
22 30
Darnals, Libya
32 46
22 39
Lrusithl (admil).
3 05
25 -7)
Thennnpyla-
p.-)
Dhiakopt6n
-39 12
22 12
lA
37 43
24 oKi
Thesp.oU2 ,u,'win
Dhiaviiiii
40 4[
22 -St
Lekheini
56
21 16
39 06
V 53
Lemnos (LI (i
30
2.5 15
(adman
Thrmaloniki (adman
Dhionisos
Dhodhekinipm (admia)
36 50
'-"7 05
Lmrildhior
37 1 0
2* 32
Thestalaft1kis, Ormos ('bay)
Dhorpok&
39 08
22 IS
U.-fol; (id)
37 08
26 50
Thivait Weebri)
Dodecanese (ills)
36 (111
27 (10
&A b m (Li gvus (jai).....................
39 10
26 32
T 11race (rpno
Detrun, Lake (4k)............
41 13
22 44
lhsvo (admirt)
39 10
20 20
TA"` I
41 (W
24 Go
U bi g...
U 26
22 53
Tinos 4
4111
D r i nju
45 15
24 14
14-vkidhov, Dhifirix (ened)
38 47
20 44
Tourkovodni. 11111s (hilsi
D (pl
41 05
24 06
I a d oppa
39 45
20 40
Trikals
Edirne, Turkey
41 40
26 34
Lev kfis (id).
39 43
2( o 38
Triksla Wdmsn) I I I
El"106n
39 44
22 11
Lienoklidislon (Moi)
38
2 22
Tripolia
llevthe64
40 51
24 15
Ukavitt& (All)
37 59
23 4
Vardar Rivtr wrmi,
viewmis
38 02
23 32
Wt6khoroo (rare)
40 oq
1'1 3"'
vathi
Flevalnos, K61pw (bay)
18 01
23 32
Loutril (raft
ro 39
21 19
vel"lin"n
Eifivikfin
37 W
23 44
Macedonia Virst)
it W
23 tm)
Wrois
g
Is 27
24 56
Magnisin (admin)
In 15
22 45
V1W Iml
Fulpoes (Evvoia) {jai)
38 30
24 00
M
35 4 -8
24 04
V6das Pxsarn6m (Atrm)
Evritanla (admi")
3900
21 �10
Rft jb6 n
U 09
23
voiolik fajmjnl
p W
41 00
26 00
Maritas River (afar)..
40 52
26 12
V011
Wros
F,I (4dwipt)
38 3D
24 00
f France
43 to
5 24
Xinthi
Fatdrian
30 27
21 48
.4it
34 49
24 45
Ximill (admits)
Plippoi
41 02
24 20
M"Ala Pivko (Ygn)
U 00
23 213
Viannitsa
Fl6rins
40 47
21 24
Mettal6polig
37 24
22 08
Vithion 1�
J16rina (admin).
40 45
21.23
M
3 00
23 21
Uklathos (jai)
F
3830
22 15
Mesomloon
38 22
21 A
WIFIA90 (udsaipt)
r1wil, (gingist
38 30
22 25
Metatial. L 11.1
I I X 03
22 01
zewoolation
Gevillritia, Yugoslavia.
L I I 41 08
22 31
M
37 15
21 50
Grimmest, Or& (wig)
40 2
20 45
Mit soveg
39 46
21 1 1
GnvU
38 40
n 26
U(j (j
ra 27
25 23
Grevoni (admW
40
21 23
Mikeothiv&]i
3 16
22 43
ldhowhni
41 07
22 3:
a Bl ot).............
30 20
2309
14hes (jai)
37 20
23 30
MW
37 04
22 26'
Igaumenit"
39 30
20 16
Mitillai
3906
26 33
A011fon w
Ilia (iodmin)
V 46
it 35
M6u- In
40
ZJ 40
Apdnividba
ImItthis W011 i0t)
40 30
22 is
Nivpgktg@, I I L I�
I 38 '24
2 50
AINhai
loinains
39 40
20 50
Nivithan
3 34
22 48
Araxod
loliftnina (i9daist)
39 43
30 40
Nillos fief)
3702
25 35
Eleftis
Iyaklinn
Ionian lxko& (ish)
38 30
20 30
N& Ankbialloa
30 1
21 49
Ippals, Turkey
411 13
14 23
Nis Smffni
I
37 57
23 43
W1111011
35 30
23
3,08
Wom Ksflovkaivr
37 47
26 42
Kerk ir a
I r1khop (admin)
33 10
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