NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 11; SWEDEN; COUNTRY PROFILE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NIS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP01-00707R000200090017-8
• Release Decision: RIP
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: October 25, 2016
• Sequence Number: 17
• Content Type: REPORTS

it /GS /CP
Sweden
May 1973
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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i
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GENERAL StAINA-A CHAPTERS
(;OI!N T It I III (vg rrtc�d Iwrs pc( �1ivc- c,l'
IhC sohjc�c�t c�ounlry (:hr000logv ;1rra hric�f
Sunrnrar% nt:rll
THE SO CH�'I Social slruc�lurc� 1'olrulalion
Ilrallh hiving c�orrditiorr�, Soc�iA I,roh-
Ic rns Beligion I:clncatinn I'uhlic infornr.Ilion
:lrlislic�c yn -sion
;(1 EICN.1IF� f :1, \I) POLITICS Political c tuln-
li,,n oI Ow state Governmental strength and slahil-
ilo Slnu�tory and lunc�tion I'olilic;If clvn:Inrics
National polic�ivs Threats to st:Ihility 'I lu,licr
Inlrlligvnce and svc�urily Countvrsullvvrsiou and
c�ountc�rinsurgenc\ c�,Ilrlhililic�s
THE ECONOMY /\ppraisal of lhr rc�ononl\ Its
strut tux,�-- -agric ulturc Iishc ric s, (orc�slrv, f'uc�Is :n d
po vxr, metals and minerals, nr:Inul'acturing :urd con-
slnrc�tion Donn�,tic� Ir:ulc 1� :cvrnorr,it. Irc,lic�\ and
de\c�lot rend Init-mation:Il CCMIorrlic rcl alions
'I'll ii NSNMT:tTI(YN :1NI)
'I'1�:E.ECO- MMI.'NI(::1'1IO \S \ppraisal of syslc�rrrs
Strategic mohilit'\ Railroads Ilighwa\"
Inland w;Ilc rays I'ipelinc�s lorts Merc�hanl
marine Civil air ;1irl'ivlds Tltc� Ic�Ic�c�onI s�.tilc�nr
MILI'I AM c!, :0( ;Ii:11'lIY Tol,ogralh\ :Intl c�li-
tuale Milil:Iry geographic wgions Stralc�g:r
an�:IS Int;�rnal rootvs ;11,1>roac he s: land. sr :I. air
:11i'NE D FOI ICES The delc�nsc� �slahlislmwnl
joint mlivitic�s (:round forces Naval forc�c�s
/fir forc�cs f'arantilit;Iry
S: :11�; \(:I': I.c vc I :If sc�ic�rltili:� advanceinvid Or-
g:mixation. Manning. :end filumcing of resc�arc�h
SCic�nlil'ic ed"c�ation. nt:I;Itmwvr. and fac�ililivs Xlal-
lor rewarc�h fields
This General Sru�rct srrylcrscalcts ..re (u1C (haed Sept on-
ber 1407, copies of which Should he destroved.
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LVV.71VV1 IV. L111
Nordic Pacemaker
F cononcic \chiv%c�nucnl: The `4icicllc \'a\
;mcriuncrul at l I.,chccr: 'I';uc-,:cnctuI ;dnu)0 c�ntirc�I i1( I c�
I ;al half cenwr\..\ rc�c�vwI\ ;t Ihc� 1920" %"r.
1111 undc�rdc�w�Ittl>c�d rural 11alictn tot Ihc� h;tr` i north( nt
perimeter ttf I�:cn�npc�, sc ilding Ihc� rc�tuai ;ii nt;
c�nntingc�uts 1(l it then c�m�c�sti population In North
:1mc�rica. Bet \cc�c�rt IN60 and 1930 a ctuartel of it
million 5\\+ des- 211`; cif hc� 111(.1111 I)(clrttl11tinn�
rntigralvd Ihc� Ness Wodd.
The spvc�lacular nctdvr11 ,ocio vc(momic� tr;tu4urnt;t-
tictn of S\\vdcn prct\ idc�d it maim- impti ,c� fttr the ()ill%
NO TF -Thc ewiry rmmirnt nl thi, ;h;tlitcr i VV:1.AINSII II':I)
Kitt i, I OR !)F ICIA;. l SF t) \I.1'.
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sligh11% less rapid developmcio I :iki:ng plact, in lilt
neighboring Nordic countries Throug11oul Ib(1 ar(1a
social and political I,,rcc pvcuiiar to uurthc�rn F oropc�
;idvd the evolotiolt. The rc�Iativc� gcograplic isolation
of tilt. Scandinavian I'eninsuLt insulalcd it irons most
disruptions clst�wlere ()it the conlim�nl, (1n11ancintg tilt
coordinat.d, orderly, self contained (l�v Iopntenl.
Long associated scith ,Ahern F itrope, and d-rivvd
perlaps as ntuc�h front cm ironult�nlal factors such as
climate as front c�ollural bails, has been Ilic� urge of the
inhabitimis to%%., rd gainful empim nivilt i'11(1 (;eruLUl
sociologist Max 11(111(11 believed this uur;e to ht� roolvd
ill organizvd religion. Ile found Ow dominant
I'roleslant ethic� especially congenia to tilt�
(Icvelopnrent of capitaiisn in the north. 't'c�t in 111(1
same societies where cv,tnpeti(ke enterprise flourished,
thervevolv.rl the %sorld's most a(killi(ecl six pal waf .1u.
syst (1nts.
\s Western philosophers bunt Ow 18111 Io the 30111
(�enturies evolve(1 their formidw, for human progress,
pr(1dicating all on vidwr conup.tilion aksex-faire, 1'rec
ent(1rprisrl orc�ooperltion (rationalism. socialism), the
north European societies Nc.ry to !,rove uncontntouly
adapt;ible al reconciling Ihc ts tc The all persasi\v
1'rotestant .�ork ethic ntuv indeed have cvlelte(I the
appetite I or piv ()it earth" is it mark (,f divine
approna(ion. but it even more forcvhilly inculcat'-d
the ess(1ntially hitheran doclr'inv of service. The social
1 w11icl 19th cenlrtry lrii\clers already
found more fincl\ loved in Ihc Nordic area 111an
(1Isw(1hvre had other historic and c�nvironnn�nlal roots.
The old aristocracy had been oblimed to serve the stale,
:uul more okcn thin not served it well, while (it, harsli
I)Ilysical environment early re(Inired cooperation front
all for mr\ival. There tams devel(wed it relative respect
for the c;n,stitutcd anthorils. more or less shared hN
tilt ncighl;orhig Tectlonic societies and differcnl from
the relationship between the governing and t11(1
governed in Lutist and Slavic countrics. The
accep of raaliv(1Iv .rulight(1ue(I, nu{ asur(1rl
authority fostered the order and discipline that hvIpc(I
the northern countries (�\plod sn successfully their
rclativek limited rulatraf resources.
It' the warc�ity of good agriculoiral I;ut(l, fossil fools,
imd certain, other minerals. as well as t11c lars11n(1ss of
tic climate, initialI\ impeded socioccouo;uic
evolution, another natural t�esourcc� geogrcp; tic
remotem�ss �was ultimately to enable the area to
catch ill) with and surpass Furope to tic south.
N
Itemovvd frtntn the princip.1tl conlinciiiaf ins :lsion
rmitc ;end. in Ihc� modern cr;1. from Ihc� sealanit�s
!t,tsse(1n Europe ;aid Anu�rica. Ihc� Sss (1des n(1ver
sulfer(1d iutvasion amf occupation from otilside the�
Scandinavian arva. Thc� vast movem of peoples
Mid c k iliialions (1Iseschert� in Furopi notahl\ the
11egennom of Ihc� Rontaus, the Gildert l lord., mid the
Ottoman 'hark�caused har(1Iv it rippic� in Ihc�
Norssegiun aml Baltic S(-;t%: the forces of Ihc� (:ounter-
Refornuctlion eyvii(led thc�ntwkc�. in Cermam. and in
lb.� 2001 cv�rrtury (It( lnnp(1ri:d ;vrmim :cut! Nazi
jogger ants (ssicr sloppvd al t11c Baltic. "Ihc� tisvc�(I(�%,
notahls in Ile present centaur\, eyloi(ed it protracted
period of peace to build a soci(1t% \%licb ,tuns r(1g;;rd
w lbe world's most advanced.
(>nlv twice in their known 1�istory slid large nunnhers
of Norllrnen seek Io leay.� their severe liabilat :md
make their fortunes in gentler lands. In the modern
(11.11, ,r( It i.merica r(1cekcd about 2 million
Scandinavian immigrimt lie majority of tlent
Sscrd(1s. About it thousand y cars earlier lucre ww, all
(,Wdus of another nature, sshic�li bcg:uu in 7 with a
svries of ;rdermis raids ;Hong tilt cant 1� :11glisll coast.
B\ Ilr cark I Il11 ccnaur.\, Illt� \'iking incursions w(1re
fch in lank covering it yt;arler of the gloh(1. (1tt,ncling
ss(1stward to Iceland, Gleenj.1nul, and No rtli \merit,.
soullmard to the \ledilerrao.ati. and vashtard to
Ilossii"s DIWI1 \'alley. It win this ea0\ard passage"
that \iis taken by the Swec .sit ikings. called in 111(
old Slrvic� Chronicle, the \'ar:utgians or litr.s.
:\fler Ili(- Viking title ebbcd in Ihc� 12th center\,
Flirope wits spared farther wriow, intrusions from the
north until the rise of it mmic\shat more civilized
'mcdcii to grcal p(mer sl.1clus in the 16th cenaun. Its
p(mer was f-11 h\ ale Russians and I'ol(1s in the I 111
and 18111 centuries Mien the Baltic 1 eva became i t
"S wdkh Lake." and bs all of Fitrope (luring tilt-
Thirty fears War (1618 -18).
As Swedvn's forces, battling scitb briili:uul succvss,
telped tear np (;erman\ during Ibat most devastating
of 1?uropean scars, it Swedish strategist ss .11s quoted its
saying it is hotter that we tel her our hors.s to our
enc�ruty s fence, than be to oturs. Indecd Ile forces
altvnipting to arrest and reverse the hol(1stant
Reformation sc(1re stopper) in (;er,,,,ol. Swedisl hunt.
ground was spared th( dcstnicli(nt I hit t set Cernuuu
develol Went back 200 yvars. The R.tor:!)llionu
throughout lie Nordic lauds becalms� univers:d. and no
minority re ligious .n(�Iavvs wer(1 Icit to disrupt the
social outer.
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The 1)(�riod Of SttedisII ;!sce�n(Ianct io the north
furthered it process started ill the 15th (viiniry lien
the I):enes there ascendant. Already in the Kalmar
Union of Dv;itoark Styeden, Norsv:tt, :Intl Iceland
1 1.520). conliunl defenses here 1)lanned, if' nol
establisfled, and there de%el0lmd mutually profitable
coma n�rce. Onl\ hen the I)anes !,nd their (;ernl:ul
advisers became t00 1)otverful and tried l0 (ki !illate
the n�latioelshil) the riniorl f(rtnally diss(6ed. 13v
the 17th century S act 1mIIy dill dominate
affairs. and continued the integniting process.
Ilatil!g (:I ristionixed and then absorbed Finland
by 1293, Sweden u, acc�ulluraIv(I its large eastern
ne igh1mr Over the centuries as 10 slake Of it a fifill
Scandinavian lation. \Ihotlgh the stlbsey iclit
;IS(� \!done\- Of Russia wrvslcd inland away front 1809
t0 1918 and, for a time after W orld War 11 again
threatened Finlatid's \Vvstern Orientalimi. the latter's
marked c aff iitt tvitll Ss�andinavio cerrltinnes.
I',ssenli ,Ili 10 e�e:nll,e�nsate far the lees e)I' Finland, as
well as himcrnlia. Stve(len tt;l carde(I litIg( 'llle)II\
Over NOrtt;It (lhrOl!gh ;e ic;illt Sttedish numarc�I1 by
the C elf l )\tees ill 181 1. 11111)nsed bt it I)le:d eel
force and persmisiOn, the imitin endured until 1905.
Mice it ;is unilaterally dissnI e�d In 'N(it vay. 'I u(iat
Ntwdlc Cmincil- ._through tyhich, inter 4 /a, ;III fire�
jilt!v, e�cdctit nation. have �,e.�rt d4ise ties
and Ila\v agn�ed t0 the I're�c� mo%ement Of' each others
nationals tvilhin their birders, including n�eiorOcal
recognition Of work 1)ermils and e\1)IoitaliOn Of
tyellore benefits -is the Litter 20th e nlury e\1)ressiOn
elf an mmOin,g process. Oalt in n6clters OI defense is
an\ .�)nstructi%v dialeviv ruled Out. I)e�timark.
\Onto\ and Zeeland are attached tcu NATO: tittv�d(-n
remains detc�rulineclly neulral, and Fhiland's freedOlu
Of act;mi is per force inhibited by Soyjet desires.
Vith the ludic coonlries ;e0);raE)hic :dh renu)%vd
front the slain Etirnl)cun crlrrents for nearI\ a
nlilleniunl, and of the salve link� interacting tyilh ea< h
other. eilhct in tvarlarc ()r peaceful I)ursuits, there
dev(-lnl)vd in Ih;� area a retuarkable ethnic
honlogeneit). All live countries are e;vertyhelnling!\
Lutheran Protestan(, with .Omit t)3 r of the respectiyc
I)( 0 1)11 iit tioit s i(lenlif'yiug tyitII this I)ersuasiOn.
Similarly. all five u,c�ieties take their ('minol rc�IigiOOs
obligations lightI even in the EIIn)I)e ;us cunlc�\I.
noltyithstanding the marked impact Of the Protestant
ethic on their Mores. Still pveyasive in the 1960's, this
inllnencc, however, not% appears to he diminishing,
ttilh us teat incOl,:�lusiyc revllts. F\cel)ting the Finns,
the Scandin;Iyians tend l(i be rvinarkably uniform in
pI, %sjcal t\1)(.. the prvdonlinant Nordic strain baying
v\pvriel,ce Onit slight adiniOures with sindla
opp-aring (:gilts and Britons ;ill(] more southerly
c()ntilv-ntiul Alpine, during the Viking period. \\'jilt
the consl)ictu)us emcepti(,n Of Ninlond. the `;c:ul-
(linatian nations slmak similar (;(.rnloIlic I ;ulgrlages.
They also Il;tyc� eyOlyed yert siitiil;Ir 1)olilical systems:
all are parli:111wntar\ (lerlu)cracies, although Stveclen,
Denmark, and No rwa\ are severely Ijnlited
c�Onslitutional m(marchies and Finland and Iceland
;Ire republics,
The marked 1)ragniatic bent of the Nordic 1)e(iples is
reflected ill the stability of their governuenis. All the
stslens fealurt a multipart\ legislature which ploy be
the ullinwto orbiter Of (�xeculive action. Snell
concentratjon of 1)()tver ill a large legislative body
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Viking raids on Irish coastal settlements were
commonplace by the end of the ninth century.
Defenseless monasteries and their treasures were
often victims, as depicted in the socking of
Clomacnoise, the most celebrated of
Irish monasteries.

n�presenling disparate 1 1 iticul persu:tsicrts is :cn
adaptation frc)Ili Frrnc�II parlianivnhr% experi.n.e.
Not amutt the best devised forms of gov. I'll nu�It, it
has iwiwtIwl+�ss proved workable in all the Nordic
countries, Its Sweden. I)entmtrk, Norwa%,mid IceL� Ill cj
the average lift� cf it cabinet since World War II hi Is
beets 3 vears. By contrast, in similarly governed Fraru�e
of the Fourth fieptiblic the average life of cabinet
was 6 months. and in postwar Italy it has liven 9
months. While the more passionate I.alill politicians.
representi-tg a more sharpy divided el.ci.trute, tend to
pursm a cause ts the e�nd, to brook no "compromise of
princiiL," the pragmatic Scandinavians, and 1wrh,gp,
most notably ihc� Swedes. thr tsh out contentious issues
in committees represcmtirg all factions atul usually
reach accommodation before the govemnu�nt ever
submits the legislation to ;t vote. Pragmatic
compro-aiu� has become a sva) of political life.
Relatively egalitarian attitudes, peculiar to the
harsh north long before the Fro Revolcrtiou.
fostered a similarity in outlook among ;ill elennnts of
the population. And universal literacy, atl, tined by the
early ?nth c( helped ctIIIiv ;tte in the avid
northern readers :a relatively .sophisticated consensus
about advanced social and h}gi.raic� v ays. The striking
ethnic homogeneity assured this continuing rec�cptk
ity srncr minority cultural enclaves of whateycr
description %%cre virtually nonexistent. ()illy the
100H) Lapps who Hove freely through the far north
of continental Sc:udinavia and western Rnsski had to
be provided special care, and the Gypsies, numbering
several thc,nsaud anong Sweden's pnp,alution of
approximately S million. are oc�c�asionally the subject
Of sper�i:al :rdinances. !3el� ;Iris+' of a near zero
population growth Late. Own lute been a rt.ed .0
Syvedeu t!? i,npp.i ioreig: labor, including Iatropeaus
irons the Medit.rrunan area. In the Ic)i0 s the
importation these workers to than the bmrgvoning
industries is be;,;int:ing to have a slight tneusuruble
social
In S%vc(It-ti a certain race consciousness is becoming
apparent, as nativ;� residents regard the south and ea,!
Europeans -now constituting about 3`1 of the
populatio't �\N ith a jilondiced eye. They commis not
only oat the twty omers' alien habits Mud wavy, but
occasion:.': on their strung.. dark. strutted"
physical appearance, As Sweden partictdiirly has been
criticized of lute for its deadening sa fm�ness surd
monotony, the recent exotic influx is regarded by some
thoughtful Swedes as a useful experiment.
4
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Economic Achievement: The Middle Way
Although none of till- Nordic states are particularly
blessed with natural resources, rich iron ore deposits.
ahundant swift rivers, and extensive forests make
Sweden the hest endowed. And the efficient
exploitation of these resources has enabled Sweclen to
become the largest producer of iron ore, the loth
ranking producer of electricity, and one of the leading
producers of timber -based products in the world. A
concurrent development of' an aclvancl-cl technology in
other areas has also erableel Sv.rdl-n to produce highly
sophisticated, competitive manufactures for the world
market.
To a point it could he said of Sweden, as of its sister
Scandinavian countries, that its labor force is its most
vale ;tole resource. This has been especially true of the
imaginative scientists. engineers, techuic�ians, and
businessmen who have so skillfully exploited the
country's few resources. "There are signs, however, that
the domestic Policy of the governing Social
Democrats �in office now for 40 years ruay finally
be having some adverse effect on competitive capacity
and on individual Productivity. With S \1'edisll wages,
on the average, almost 50 higher than those
prevailing in the Common Market countries, ever
highly rationalized Swedish industry is beginning to
be at a disadvantage. And Princ Minister Olof
Palmc's drive for class equalit by Icweling incomes via
the tax and cyage structures is having a belated
imPa.t on incentive-, linge elements of the
Protestant ethnic notwithstanding.
The yl-ry paucity of same resources in Sweden,
notably coal and petroleum, nay have had a net
constructive social impact. With the belated arrival of
till- industrial revolution. the new factories had to
disperse along the rivers where \N tterposscr was
available. Such smaller industrial communities are still
today very much it part of the settlement pattern and
have helPed Sweden avoid the worst ills of nass
:trbanization as well as environmental pollution. The
town planners� for sv deb the country is famous, could
go about the irk al a more measured pace,
resulting in such model urban redevelopment and
suburban cyansion as that in the Stocl:hohn,
Goteborg,' and Malmo arei,s.
Critics of contemporary Swedisl life Point out that
the orderly urban area development has all ;.almost
antiseptic- clualih. The spit and span clusters of tall
buildings with their snall twc: and three -room rented
d\%l-lliug units seem strangely out of place in spacious,
ctnderpopulated, nzterialist (Private possession
oriented) Sweden. %'lost Swedes, however, still seem
ready to make such adjustment to the long, cold
winters, the high cost of heating fuels, and the
practical requirements of providing ample housing for
the whole population. ,'\Itllougll there nay be a
connection between the increased incidence of
psychosis and the "drabness" and c�onfineumnt of
Diacritic~ are included il the iaae�c name listiag nn the� apron of
the Sunnnar\ Map and on the map ihclf.
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If,
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summers. Over it quarter of all Swedish families spend
several idyllic summer weeks and m spring and fall
weekends in private cabins on the lakes, bN the sea, or
deep in the northern woods. ;1t least as tnorc.
have the use of sinilar puirlic fac�ihi;cs gratuitously or
at very low cost. State nnn cabins along the cross-
country ski trails provide some respite from the winter
ccrrfiru'tnent.
'I'll( rapid industrialization of S%%eden ill the 20th
ee ntury has not only provided the cnnsuner society
with the worlds second highest percapita (listril;ution
of uutoutobiles, telephones, and all manner of labor
st!ying aP,:!ianc�es, but has c ablcd the Swedes to cuter
the world market with the finest steel�
solThisticated fighter Manes, autonne!,iles. ships,
electronic ecluiprnent, and capital "'()ods snc�h as
pulprnaking ;Intl !mperma: king machinery. Part I%
such technological Prowess sterns from the entre-
preneurial mitt orga,izational skills that continue to
sill in au econonny still largel} in private hands.
The long -lived Social Democratic government w;scly
eschewed Public ownership of the means of
production. With 9Oc of the labor force till(] over 8Wi
of the ret ;iI trade subject to cot tuPctilive forces,
eff'icieucy has been assured, while tIIc strong
cooperative movement (embracing about 5 of the
labor force and 16 "i of the retail trade) helps guard
against the development crf monopolistic practices.
And hyo- fifths of the cxr, Insive research and
developnunt is defrayed by t: government with f.
one -fifth carried out in the public universities.
:1s recently as the early 1960 most authorities still
concurred witin d :e U.S. jonrnalist and author Marquis
Clnilcls tha' Sweden was shoving the world the
"rnid'lle way. I ?yen le the labor unions
effcc�tiVvIv c�amc to power through their political anrI.
the Social Democratic Ptu�ty, they had demonstrated
their ability to close ranks in confrontation with
Ilia nagc men t and blend force with reason. After
having gained full legal recognition as the spokesman
,r labor, the unions, notal,ly the nlamrnc,tll SNyedish
Trade l!tlion (:unft,deration. came gradually to
renounce lilt strike, except :.s a \yeapon of last resori.
Tlr- fauunns Stilts ;obaden Accords l.etween organized
labor ;,ud management, signed in 19,38 at that seaside
resort, ioauguratcd a period of' labor peace that
renuuned generally intact until the earl\ I970's.
Although the mnnber of noun -clays lost because of
strikes in 1969 increased tvnfold user the previous
year, it .vas still the lowest in the West -nu \yorlcl,
averaging 0.1;) days per 1,000 inhafritants compared
with 24-16 days per 1,000 inhal-.,uts ;u the hnited
States.
The cooperative nu,yc�nent in Sweden, touch of its
organizational schema imputed from neighboring
Denmark, developed in the latter 1901 century to pool
resources for the mechanization of farming; and to
break the retailing ITUrII(IINdie and their practice of
pt�ice fixing. By the I920 the c�uuperatives had
Ilecnme an inpurtant force in the ec�unorny.
c�ontriblrtiug notably to the modernization of
agriculture and the evolution of an efficient retailing
industry. As the do yrloping wanufacturing enrtels
were then attcmptnnt tr, all(cate and control markets,
new battle lines were drawn. The huge rmtbrella
Cooperative Federation latTrc�hed it number c,f sinall
factories for tl:e nuunTfactury of margarine, flour,
soap, rubber shoes, and lightbulls. 'I'ht, small Loma
Works was to provide one of the more
dranwtic� contests. 'faking on the great international
cartels, it was shortly placing clualit" bulbs on the
market at near cost� forcing its contpelitcrrs to reduce
prices b\ an ayt,rage :37`.i I.unra c�onlinned lu flourish
;..nd soon becarlic it ma;ur producer. By the latter
1930's its burgeoning plant had beconit, an industrial
landnwrk in Stockholm. Most of Jhe cooperative -run
factOIIeS. hcnycver, did not attempt to compete
seriously once the objective of fair prices had b een
Obtained. In 1070 aloof Ii of the labor force in
manufacturing was employed in cooperative -run
crttvrpriscs.
7
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Government and Labor: Taxes and Teamwork
Until the latter 1960's the single purpose of the
government seemed to Im to anichorate life ill Sweden,
not to make so(,iety over according to it preconceived
socialist formula. The welfare system, to he sure, \Nas
rapidly developed to beconiv the most comprehensive
in the non Communist world. The average citizen was
provided Health benefits covering the whole spectrnn
of ,ossiblc ailments. tic was assured of maintaining
his current high level of living in tit( (went of
incapacity, micniploy nuvnt, or other adversity; he
could (,rujoy old age retirement benefits second to
none. if(- was, in sum, secure. If his high and
rising personal income became the most heavily taxed
in the non Communist world, so as to enable the state
and local governments to meet the costs, what was left
still compared favorably with net nicn ex wages
anywhere else in Western Europe.
I'hc business and industrial enterprises, whose
s,iccess is imperative to the national well being.
continued to find their tax obligations it iii te
manageable. The Social Democrats in the past have
been careful not to kill the goose lading the golden
eggs. All firms were accorded it 10S% writcoff on taxes if
they reinvested the amount in capital improvement or
expansion. F tirthcrniore, in tit(, mid- 1960's, capital
equipment could be depreciated 305( the first year.
10051 in 5 years. While in tli-- early \cars of Social
Donio crutic rule the miting Jown of depreciation
allo\yaticcs on buildings was extended over -10 years,
the period was down to 23 years in the early 197O's. A
high ranking, research official in the p(merful Swedish
i?ruplo\ers Confederation recently denuntstrtted ho\y
it corporation that calculated preciscl\ the right rate of
growth, the right raw 01' return, and the ri!jn
composition of investment could effectiyel\ avoid
pa }ing and taxes. To demonstrate the \andit\ of his
proposition, he showed how several enterprising
corporations \wre able dramatically to reduce their tax
obligations. For example. the huge motor vehicle
producer Volvo probably ptt)s mil\ urt effective 20oi
annual tax.
Recognizing that some profit motive �at least the
creature con that extra money can bu\ �was a
needed inducement even to the nt.iry socially attuned
entrepreneurs, the Social Democrats hay, in the past
taken care not to eliminate it entirely. The personal
incontc of the rich was indeed heayii\ taxed. The
upper range executive with a nutncy income of
US$ 1,300 it month in the tnid- I960's would
immediately have about -15`1 deducted in direct
(graduated) taxes; and the personal inheritance tax A
this level was just about confiscatory. 'I'll(- availability
Of reasonably priced constinter goods and services,
however. helped to compensate. 11' he could not save
very much ni mv\ or pass oil an amount of an\
significance to his children, the successful exccntiye
could still ciijoy a conifortablc itpartni.�nt, a cotnitry
boric, it small yacht, all expensive itcutoniobile, and a
vacation in the south of E'uropc. Similarly, moderately
successful business and professional people as \%ell as a
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very sizable proportion uf' tc�c�hnicians and skilled
workers could partake in snllicicni measure of the
good life. The inabilih to accunulalc ntuc h muuev
slid not hcc�omw it mmrce of anxiety, particula-ly since
adeynrate welfare insurance against nearly all forms of
adversity sccrcd to obviate the need. If tit(, l;rxes
needed to support thc� welfare state were at all incumu�
Icyels till. highest in the non- (:mlim mist world, the
real wages nonetheless rcmraincd very high, ()Illy
exceeded by th,:sc� in the l'nited States.
The conscious Icy(ling- clovyu police of till I'alnrc
administration in the 1970's, however. threatens to
upset the delicate e(pidibriunt betyveeu optinrun
social e(lualily and inc�entkv. From the dircc�tor of' tfrc
board clmvn to the skilled worker, motivation secrrrs
thrcatl.rrecl. Not only are the fevv remaining rich not\
soakcd as never before �in it county, whire tilw cast
of living approximates that in ti l'nitl.cl States, an
executive canning USS20.000 it vial pays 3.000
(65`(' in direct taxes alone, the director of the hmgh
Electrolux (electrical al>pliaw-vs) :orporation takes
home� SII,000 it \ear after taxes �brat the rnicidlc
classes are Icing subjected to sun c\cr increasing bite. :1
mailman arning it gross income of ,$500 a mind, pads
it r in direct graduated inconrc tax; a V(dvo foremt;ctr
varning $600 pa)s :355;; it district prosecutor earning
$940 is taxed .155; and an upper range exccutiye
earning 81,500 pays 5 :35; On it grass national product
of 830 billion, Swedes pa\ $12 billion in direct or
indirect taxis, #)r all overall tax rate 440'(' This rate is
considerably higher than the i(),; averagc that V.S.
residents pad in c�onrbined federal mid local taxes,
llthough there is disscosion in till. Social
Democratic ranks about tlic efficacy of the
"l.ynalizatioll police, and strong hostility f'rorr
almost the entire opposition. Paiute ill late 19 72 wits
still aticnnptimg, via thc� wage as well as the tax
structure. to keel socciety. (:c�ntral vyagc negotiations
had to take c�ogniza.ncc of the �'solidaritC principle
and give priority to the lower imum ne workers. Thus in
it 1972 wage svttlenu�nt in the cleclric�al inchstn, tit(
highest paid skilled worker was avvardc�cl US82.85 an
hour, only 5`( more than tilc loyyl.st paid worker's
U -1 6. 11
Most of the rank and file skilled artisans who are
Icing leveled downward are finding vyays to express
(1kagrecnent with the policies of their leaders ill the
unions and ill government. Just as some ma�mnbers of
the higher income groups arc discovering m�w and
ingenious nncans of evading still)( of their taxis� the
heretofore conseientiurls skilled wc,rkl.rs are resorting to
formes (;f malingering, such its thou\ sick Ica%v, that
\%()jeld cut the deductions from their pa) envelopes.
The Ultimate macmile of the ul.\v equalization polic�\
will depend on just hovv far lhc� g(wernuu�rrt will try to
Wish it. Evell Palnrt� appears to have realized that
taxis should not be raised any more in the near futum,
;ltd, in any ekent. elections in 1973 could result in it
nrodihc�ation or change of polic�\. Preliminan
responses from mtuc�h of the Syycdish worker force to
continued **I(-% cling" srggest that cvcn basic national
vyork habit,, formed (wer the centuries, are not
inmut ill) le.
The penchant for cooperation that has marked the
SCandinavians was never ahsent in the Syycdish
brrsiul.ss com'urnnnity. Whilc it degree of competitions
hcllwd in some areas to keel; price~ doyv a and increase
efficieuc\, the classic laissez faire laves of suppl and
demand were uperatkc only to it point. It look the
powerful cons-nmer c�ooperative nu,yc�nu�nt to finally
brake the tendency of the more important producers to
establish First local mumopolies and then cartels.
'fill. industrialists and fimanc�iers of Sweden have
alwa,s formed it dwelt' knit business establisFrnu�mt.
and through their political arns, the (:onsen ative and
Liberal Parties, they continue to exert it riot
incomsiderable influence on government. In it country
vyhcre compromise and cooperation rather than
c�omfroulation arc the preferred vehicles for s(wiid
chi mge, the ruling Social Democrat had formed
pragmatic ac�conumoclation with big business mrrnhnally
acly;ortagcorrs. It \yas, after all, capitalism's producing
and earning jum -r that provided the means to c ffcct
the welfare state. 'I'fr( extent to which it socialist
gmerninl.nl ill go it, this acconuuodation aright
shock North ;kincricans living under more avowedly
capitalist systemrs. Thus, in late 19; I. Social
Derimcratic� Finance \1iit ister Gunnar Strang
(Icfcnded be hi re the parliamcntit ry antitrust
c�onurrittee the 1)!a lined mco gerof Swl.dcn's hvo largest
banks �the huge "'allenburg- controlled Slorkboln .s
Ens�kilda Bank and the Skondinaviska Banks�.
The enlarged Skandinavi�ska Enskilda Banken, he
insisted, must be accorded the resources for it more
active international role. tic was unabashedly
postulating the iuvater good for the nc\y hank to be
the greater good for Sweden. \t'ritimg in 1966, the
noted U.S. observer Donald S. (:miner was struck by
the close social and business tics of the tveoons of
Sweden. Tire\ not only tended to support the same
9
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politics, but sat on each other's boards and financed
each other...
It is a business hierarchy that resembles the British '(11d Bo%
Nehyork,' but with the crucial difference that there is not a
breath of amateurism among the Swedish old lx)ys. The
Secedes are not playing at business; they are deadly profes-
sionals. For all their comp-1 h c ive zeal, the also have a remark-
able capacity for teamwork. Like the hcoons of Japan
(another nation alw: %s conscious that it must 'export or
die'), they reserve their ultimate weapons of business combat
for their for competitors, not for each other.
Sweden exports about 30' of its i lid t.strial
production; its largest corporations produce prin-
cipally for export. Sold abroad in 1971 were 92 of
Svenska Steels output, 65'/(' of X'olyo*s automobiles,
70 of Ericsson*s telephones and �:vctronic
equipment, 88'( of Atlas (;opco 1'[[tips and
compressors, and 84('r of Alfa Laval's dairy
equipment. T1ie Nordic area and the Common
Market accouv.. ;ed for 7W of Sweden's exports.
A frndamental goal of Swedish foreign police is to
maintain and expand export markets. The Social
Democratic government has generdly accommodated
big business right up to the point of taking action
Which would he popularly interpreted as compromis-
ing Sweden's neutrality. The industrialists, accus-
tomed to planning well iihead, sce Common Markct
membership as indispensable to their continued
prosperity, if not their continued existence. But this
determination conics precisely at the juncture when
ti,k- Common Market is preparing feasibilih- quclies
somewhat beyond the anticipated econonuc and
nionetary integration. ;1 studv by Belgian Foreign
Office official Etienne Davignort was calling in 1972
10
for the progressive foreign policy integration of the
European and fur it cot1nlon West
European defense plan.
"1'h: re remains a comfortable majorih opinion in
Sweden against any action that may compromise the
traditional police of neutralih. It seems likc!y that
even if it Swedish gmernment should wi..h to
accommodate the husit,essnien and seek full
membership in the European Communities, it vould
run into it ground swell of opoositi impossible to
overcome. Inclecu, neighboring Denmark and
Norway, whose governtnenis opted in 1972 for full
Common Market partnership, were unaccustomedly
divided o-ver the issue, each society includiw-
significant elements who could not overcome their
Nordic provincialism. In a plebiscite in September of
1972, the Norwegians by an fir.: majority rejected
Common Market membership, while the Danes, in
their plebiscite the next month, accepted by an
impressive two to one margin. Althow,h both arc
members of NATO, only Denmark s :vmed reconciled
to accepting it closer embrace with Europe to the
south. "There persists throughout the area it hope that
somehow closer cooperation through the Nordic
Council will sec the small but still prosperous
Scandinavian countries through. The respective
business communities ntzty he able to persuade
government leaders tlm; they mast be able to
participate fully in the economic rationalization of
Europe, already beyond the planning stage in the
Common M -arket countries. But popular opinion
seems as yet reluctant to emerge from Nordic isolation,
as the Norwegian plebiscite demonstrated. Sweden,
for its part, is trying for an ad interim customs
anion with the European Coninuutides. But it faces
stiff resistance, particularly from France, to the
lowering of Common Market tariffs on highly
cotnpetitive Swedish immufactures such as steel,
which is Europe's hest,.
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National Policy: Strict Neutrality, more Welfare
The police of uetitrality has been a determinant in
the development of modern, prosperous Sweden. It is
the only nation in Europe able to avoid war for 160
years, but its good fortune was not withc tit traumatic
effect. Notabl\- during World War 1I, the Swedes for
awhile had to supple the Nazi German conquerors of
their sister Scandinavian countries. Norway and
Denmark, with iron ore and to permit the passage of
German troops across their territory. Ii could be
argued that Sweden's purchase of peace through such
tribute may have been a net gain for the mail\-
.Norwegian and Banish refugees who found asylum in
benevolently neatral Sweden, but the Swedes
themselves still regard their World War 11 police with
some ambivalence. And then there was the 1864 .war
between little Denmark and its powerful Prussian
aeighbor allied with Austria. Denmark we.it to war to
protect its historic suzerainty over Schleswig and
Holstein only after having received soma assurances of
British and Swedish support. When both potential
allies then stopped short of intervention on Denmark's
behalf, the Danes had to lose quickly in so tmequal it
struggle, and to cede Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia
with the loss of 200.0M ethnic Danes.
Although there is a very considerable body of
opinion in Sweden that is discomfited by the "moral
abdication" implicit in its strictly neatral statts �a
segment latcl\ reinforced for different reasons f,w the
hardheaded business community �the historic success
of the policy gives it continued momentunt. And a
cogent factor inhibiting the forthright Swedish pro
Wes.temer; is the plight of tethered Finland. within
the Scandinavic::: romnuntity btt markedly suscep-
tiblr to Soviet coercion. Should Sweden compromise
its neutrality by any closer association with the Nest,
there is a real danger that the C`. S.S. R. would attempt
to pull reluctant Finland into the Easton sphere. L)
1970, after Sweden had b, a member of the
European Free Trade Association for 10 years, the five
Scandinavian countries agroed at it neeting in Iceland
to an integraled Nordic custons and cconortic unit
caliv(' NORDFK. But jest 2 claws after the Finnish
Prime Minister returned hoole, Finland withdrew and
the new organization collapsed. Amply suspicious of
the existing ties to the West of the other Scandinavian
countries, and apprehensive of the magnetism of the
Common Market, the Soviets would brook no further
involvement of Finland. The Swec'cs, for their part,
did not .wish to j: opardize Finland's membership in
the Nordic Council, so let the natter drop. "Their
historic sentimental attachment to the Finns is
reinforced by the pragmatic need to hays this friendly
buffer between themselves and the Russians.
The government headed by Olof Palme has, on the
whole, projected a more self- assured, not to saw
sanctiuutrious. evaluation of Sweden's neutrality.
T(Ill ;'ng to ignore the role played by fortune, notably
in World War It when Sweden alone in the Nordic
area escaped occupation, his group associates the
peaceful external policy with the ohviots internal
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societal attainments. These leaders sce au especially
virtuous Sweden. Thev nviv unabashedly allud to
their eountry as the 'cousc�ienc�e of the world" and
proc�ced to play the gratuitous role of honest broker
bchern contending nations. (laving it precedent in
the active U.N. peacekeeping role of Sweden, notably
ill the 1950's when Sweden's I)ag 11ammarskjold was
SeL�retary General. the nexv act ivisill is more
fla ill bovatit. Uldl and trusted f ids. such as the
United States, nmv be excoriated{ for -he Indochina
involvement. Ott the other hand. it iet brand{ of
Healpolitik much closer to home, suc�ft as the effec�tke
to of N011I) K or the intervention in Czecho-
slovakia fit 1968, will elicit it spirited but relatively
short liked censure, and one certainly less damaging of
bilateral relations.
\k hatever the moral nuartgage ou its pudic\ of
neutrality, Sweden exploited to ad.�ant�ige a fortunalc
geographic position, well t(, the north of the
continc!ital invasion routes and buffered by Norway
from the militarily vital North ;ltlantic shipping lanes.
'I'll( protracted period cif peace, notably in the 20th
c�entim, enable:{ s:c�ial planners to effect steady
progress in edhc�:;,;on and welfare�, two areas where
Sweden now serves as the European. if not the world,
nu,de{. With the near total investment of national
resources in the continued ec�onouic� and social
development of the coun.ry, (I ran lit tic progress was
possible. ;1s early as in ',he mid -19th century, Sweden
(joined onl\ by Denmark) had developed an effective
compulsory n:atinn.vide prim ary education progran
which by the early 20th century was able to achieve
the virtual elimination of illiteracy. i1ra(i, b 19.2,
Sweden had made the most progress :uavwhere outside
of North Anwrica in transf(,rnting it traditionally elite
upper secwAary educational system into one
accessil,le to the masses. With upper secondary and
universitx le\el enrollment increasing geometrically
tt notch of W( stern Europe, Sweden has
proved best able to cope with conditions through
rapidl} expanding Plants and teaching staffs a nd a
thoroughgoing reorg::a)ization of secondary and
advanced{ education. The development of the a!�-
pervasive welfare system in the present century and its
effect, inter aliu, on public health standards, now
the highest in the world, is self evident.
�The absence for over 160 \cars of the human and
material drain of warfare ushered in a period of
startling economic growth. Rv the early 20th c�cntttry,
the industrial empires were exploiting with efficiency
12
the countrv f: ce significant natural resmirc�es. notably
iron orc. thither, and Lvdroelec�tric power. In the�
nanufaclurc of products such as high gr:ale steel,
dynamite, and shins thex were assisted 1>v weclish
scientists who were \\nrld leaders in their re
fields. The fia northern city of hinitia was developed,
ill significant nu�asnre with government hinds, to help
in tote extraction of the rich ir�m deposits froi. the
region. 111 steel industry was ewihled to produce the
world's finest product during the interwar cars and to
maintain itself in the front rank ever since.
Sweden's 1971 electric pox%rr c�apac�its (16.5 million
kw.) and output (65 billiuu k\\. -hr.1 rank the smith
nation abort 10th in the world, and its highiv efficient
national power grid is second to none. Mon-over.
ncarls three c,f electric power productiuu is
based on national hvdru resources. 1) rin iii riI\ from
large plants ou the northern rivers. The rvin cinder. its
well as about half of Sweden's overall primar\ energy,
is produced froth inipnrtcd petroleum. Imported coal
acemitits for abort 5"( nf' Sweden *s encrp needs.
)twithstanding the normal reliance nn imports, most
energy needs sere inet during Wwld War II through
careful allocation of hvclroclectric power via the
national grid, which was then developed close to its
prescul highly rational state. Wartime exigencies also
prompted govenuucut intervention in agricultt.,^ and
planning, subsidies. and price supports now :lrt
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i c
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iII I il"rll ccilh nloclrrlI, rrrdi1 1dI. do. IcIIw
111 u1111r11t.
ti,rdrn ;coid;lnrr of .c:Ir h;l not olds hrll,rd ihr
lrnd
cult i\ ;it iIll of ;III ;Irnl:unrnk incllt.lr\. \\ith
IV
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each firrn siinnitancoIIsly engaged in civilian
production to at Icasl 50 of its capacit but has also
made the population unconnnonl, civil defense
conscious. 'Phis awarcess bus enabled the go,crnnu nt
to cc,:istruct an unnatched civil tip ft;sc s,stern
against nuclear or other attack. With giant air -raid
shelters in the central districts of the 14 largest cities
and local shelters under all apartment limises, school,.
hospitals, office buildings, and factories constructed
since 1945, all of the urban population required to
remain in the cities to rnarshall the war effort �some
2,000,000 persons could be protected. t 1 ditio :.tll,,
there are accessible food and water storage areas in or
adjacent to the shelters, a highly sophisticated earl,
warning system, and special underground control
centers to assure functioning of the various
government agencies during an attack.
14
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Sweden's civil defense system is in a class by itse,'
This bomb shelter railway stop leads to an underground
pharmaceutical plant and blood bank.

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25X1

The famous Swedish sculptor Cori Milles has
depicted the Swedish religious leader and visionary
Emanuel Swedenborg (left) and the hand of God
lifting mankind toward heaven.
churches is ncr mare than Wi of those who identify
with the faith. It may be argued that the S%%vdish
Social Democrats c:.en point to fcmir decades of social
development which, however impersonal, still reflect
concern for the nee(;s of each citizen. ;1nd c %en the
austere, eminently st,cular briireat �craw L\isht,s for
some "(:hristiau� instruction to be provided in the
primuiry schools. altliough it nia\ be given to 6 -year-
olds cheek by jowl with rather explicit sex e(rication
material.
Swedish social democrae\ has, over the long haul.
seemed more grounded i Saint Sinrtni's Ix (:hri.s-
tiani.sme nourvau than in Karl Marx's 1)ris Kapital.
Its present leadership's lapse into the more tradi-
tional I- mropean soci.:lism sterns fn in a fear of
resting on past laurels, lest the part\ lost its narrow
phiralit\ in tht, general elections schedtiled for
September 1973. The part\'s formula for snecess that
vv as adopted in iS6!s cntit iled, in effect, further
socialization at home and an active international
peace- seeking role. In their search for ways to continue
Sweden's dramatic niodent progress, national leaders
roar\ he forced to reevaluate the long -term
rirnificalions of '�strict neritraIity" in a rapidly
16
shrinking world of vver store complex international
ties and relationships, Economic iniperetives msually
re( iuire political fit( r\eine It. challerigt, that would bt,
consonent with the c( lirai;coiis flexibility that marked
Social Democm,ic polio of past decades might be to
attempt to lead a reltic'mit public opinion into
acceptance of closer ecoruanic collaboration with the
Ftiropciui (:onununiN, s� st,t,miingly in 1972 the
sine qua nom to con! nmed prosperity and industrial
grossth.
W'hatcvvr course of action is decided iipron under
the stiimulms of an impending election, small (Iv uanlic
Ssseden will be concerned primarily with maintaining
its rapid pace of advancenwitt and then. at least over
the short haul, \kith prosel\ting abroad its prestinied
higher order of moralih. In the spring of 1972, Tat;
:rlander. Svve,Ii social dt,inocracv's respected elder
statesman, concluded it vv ill continue to be a very
hard fight to bring about this slightl\ more intelligent
world. It alvv ;!vs is. It always has been."
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Chronology
800 -1060
Swedish Vil expeditions head eastward. Rurick founds
Russion state at Kiyev about 862).
829 -1160
Christianity comes to Sweden.
1157 -1293
Conquest of Finland takes place.
1397
The Union of Kalmar brings the kingdoms of Sweden,
Norway, and Denmark under one crown and endures
desultorily until e. 1520.
1435
The first parliament Riksdag) is convened, comprising
representatives of the mobility, clergy, burghers, and
peasants.
1523
Sweden bees mes an independent national state under
Gustav Vasa as King.
1630 -48
Sweden battles with brilliant success in the Thirty Years
War, losing King Gustavus Adolphus at the battle of
Lutzea in 1632.
1809
Sweden surrenders Finland to Russia.
June
Sweden obtains a new constitution, the Instrumer,r of
Government, the first of four fundamental laws on which
the present political system is based.
1810
August
Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, one of Napoleon's marshals, is
proclaimed heir apparent to the Swedish throne by the
Riksdag; he assumes the crown in 1818 as Charles XIV
John.
September
TI Act of Succession, the second fundamental law, is
adopted, confirming the Bernadotte line on the male side
as heirs to the throne.
1814
January
Denmark is forced to cede Norway to Sweden by the
Peace of Kiel. A 2 -month war with Norway, Sweden's
last, brings Norway into union with Sweden.
1866
January
The Riksdag Act, the third fundamental law, is adopted,
replacing the old representative assembly with its four
estates by a bicameral body.
1882
Swedish emigration constituting 20% of mean popula-
tion between 1860 and 1930) to the United States reaches
its peak.
1889
April
The Swedish Social Democratic Labor Party is founded.
1905
May
Union with Norway is dissolver..
1914 -18
Sweden maintains neutrality in World War I.
1519
Universal suffrage is attained with granting of vote to
women.
1920
March
The first Social Democratic cabinet is formed under
Hjalmar Branting.
932
October
The Social Democrats become the ruling party and form
a government under Per Albin Hansson.
1939 -45
Sweden maintains neutrality in World War II.
1946
November
Sweden joins the United Nations.
1948
April
Sweden becomes a charter member of the Organization for
European Economic Cooperation, later the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development.
1949
The Freedom of the Press Act, the fourth fundamental
law, updates previous laws safeguarding liberty of the
press.
17
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1952
March
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland create the Nordic
Council joined by Finland in 1955).
1960
March
The Riksdag ratifies Swedish membership in the European
Free Trade Association.
1961
December
Sweden applies for associate membership in 6e European
Economic Community.
1966
September
The governing Social Democratic Party suffers a sharp
setback in the provincial and municipal elections.
1967
May
The International War Crimes Tribunal, sponsored by the
Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, convenes in Stock-
holm purportedly to investigate the extent and nature of
"U.S. aggression in Vietnam."
1968
February
Olof Palme, Minister of Education, marches alongside
North Vietnamese diplomats in an anti American demon
stration in Stockholm.
18
September
Social Democrat, vein a clear majority in elections for the
Riksdag.
1969
January
Sweden recognizes North Vietnam.
October
Palme succeeds Tage Erlander as chairman of the Social
Democratic Party and assumes leadership of the gwvern-
ment.
December
Miners in Kiruna begin 2 -month long wildcat strike.
1970
September
In first elections under electoral reform, Social Democratic
Party loses clear majority but retains control of govern-
ment.
1971
January
New unicameral Riksdag convenes for first session.
1972
January
Housewives demonstrate against high food prices.
June
U.N. Environmental Conference is held in Stockholm.
December
Sweden ratifies free trade agreement with the European
Communities. Sweden recognizes East Germany.
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Area Brief
LAND
Size: 173,000 sq. mi.
Use: 8% arable, 1% meadows and pastures, 55% forested,
36% other
Land boundaries: 1,365 mi.
PEOPLE
Population: 8,133,000, average annual growth rate 0.7%
from 1960 to 1970
Ethnic divisions: Homogen, ous wl+. ;te population; small
Lappish minority
Religion: 94% Evangelical Lutheran, 5% other Protestant,
Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 1% other
Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish- speaking
minorities
Literacy: 99.9%
Labor force: 3.9 million; 11.8% agriculture, forestry, fish-
ing; 33.5% mining and manufacturing; 9.6% construction;
15.5% commerce; 7.2% transportation and communica-
tions; 20.9% services; 2.8% unemployed
Organized labor: 80% of labor force
GOVERNMENT
Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden
Type: Constitutional monarchy
Capital: Stockholm
Political subdivisions: 24 provinces, 624 communes, 224
towns
Legal system: Civil law system influenced by customary
law; Acts of 1809, 1810, 1866, and 1949 serve as Consti-
tution; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stock-
holm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations
Branches: Legislative authority rests jointly with Crown
and parliament (Riksdag) executive power vested in
Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament;
Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts
Government leaders: King Gustav VI Adolf; Prime Min-
ister Olof Palme
Suffrage: Universal, but not compulsory, over age 20
Elections: Every 3 years (next in 1973)
Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (con-
servative), Gosta Bohman; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin;
Liberal, Gunnar Helen; Social Democratic, Olof Palme;
Communist, Carl- Henrik Hermansson; Communist League
of Marxists Leninists (KFML), Gunnar Bylin
Voting strength (1970 elft*11jn). 11.5% Moderate Coali-
tion, 19.9% Center, 16.2% Liberal, 45.3% Social Demo-
cratic, 4.8% Communist, 2.3 other
Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indi-
cated by the 236,700 Communist votes cast in 1970 elec-
tions; an additional 21,200 votes cast for Maoist KFML
Member of: Council of Europe, EC (Draft Free Trade
Agreement), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAFA, IBRD, ICAO,
IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Nordic Council,
OECD, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO,
UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY
GNP: $37.8 billion, $4,650 per capita (1971); 53.5%
consumption, 22.1% investment, 23.3% government; 1.1%
net exports of goods and services; 1971 growth rate 0.3%
in constant prices
Agriculture: Animal husbandry predominates with milk
and dairy products accounting for 40% of farm income;
main crops- grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 80% self
sufficient; food shortages --oils and fats, tropical products;
caloric intake, 2,880 calories per day per capita (1967 -68)
Major industries: Iron and steel, precision equipment
(bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), ship-
building, wood pulp and paper products, processed foods,
textiles, chemicals
Shortages: Coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt
Crude steel: 5.3 million metric tons produced (1971), 650
kilograms per capita
Electric power: 16.5 million kw. capacity (1971); 66.5
billion kw. -hr. produced (1971), 8,164 kw. -hr. per capita
Exports: $7,932 million (f.o.b., 1971); machinery, motor
vehicles and ships, wood pulp, paper products, iron and
steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals
Imports: $7,524 million (:.i.f., 1971); machinery, motor
vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn
and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live
animals
Major trade partners: (1971) West Germany 15.0 U.K.
13.8 U.S. 7.2 Norway 8.3 Denmark 9.0 EFTA
42.4 EC 29.7 Communist countries 4.8%
Aid: Economic-U.S., $206.4 million authorized (FY46-
71); $18.5 million in 1971 net official aid to less developed
countries and multilateral agencies, $662.4 million (1960-
70), $71.4 million in 1968, $120.8 million in 1969, $154.6
million in 1970, $180 million in 1971
Monetary conversion rate: 4.81 kronur =US$1 (central
rate, 1971)
Fiscal year: 1 July -30 June
19
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COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 7,578 mi.; Swedish State Railways (ST) 7,004
mi. standard gage (4 4,373 mi. electrified, 723 mi.
double tracked; 165 mi. narrow gage (3'6" and 2
and 311 mi. standard gage (4'8% and 98 mi. narrow
gage (2 are privately owned and operated
Highways: 61,000 mi.; 44,500 mi. are crushed stone,
gravel, or unproved earth; and 16,500 mi. are bitumen,
concrete, stone block, or cobblestone
Inland wat �*ways: 1,275 mi. navigable for small steamers
and barges
Ports: 17 major, and about 150 minor
Merchant marine: 352 ships (1,000 CRT or over) totaling
4,641,218 CRT, 7,138,988 DWT
01
Civil air: 65 major transports registered
Airfields: 162 usable; 86 with per,aanent surface runways:
5 with runways 8,000 11,999 ft., 59 with runways 4,000-
7,999 ft.; 9 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: Excellent domestic and international
facilities; 4,636,000 telephones; 42 AM, 85 FM, and 1.96
TV stations; 5 million radio and 2.7 million TV receivers
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: Males 15 -49, 1,894,000; 1,660,000 fit
for military service; 56,000 reach military age (19) an-
nually, the Swedish Army has no standing tactical units
Military budget: For fiscal year ending 30 June 1973,
$1.47 billion; about 12% of central government budget
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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Places and features referred to In this General Survey
COORDINATES COORDINATES
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o 'N.
o ,p
o (N
4
Aaptta
66 :il
3_ 3
I Kan�;uando.......
68 27
22 29
Si-f fie...
Abisko
68 20
I`i 51
liar� lsborg
65 18
2:3 17
Saffle Kanal (racial)....
lgesta
59 14
18 05
Karlshanin
56 1(1
14 51
Saltsj6buden.................
Altnedal (rr sta)
:i7 41
12 00
Karls kron a.............................
56 10
15 35
Sassnitz, E. Germany....................
Alnosundet (channel)
f12 24
17 23
Karlstad........
59 22
1:3 :30
Siye....
llvsborg
52
K arungi.
66 0:3
2 :3 57
Sivenits (sec. of Goteborg).................
:l hkarleby...........
(10 34
17 27
Katrineholm
59 00
16 12
Simpvarp
tilvsbyn (sec. of Goteborg)
6.5 40
21 00
Kattegat clruil
:i7 00
11 00
Skagerrak istrui l)........................
Inge
63 27
11 03
Keuli, Finland....
65 44
24 3.1
Skine region
ingelhohn
56 15
12 51
Kit.....
59 30
1:3 19
Skalstugan (farm.;......................
f
Angermaniilven (strm)
tit 48
17 56
Kilafors................................
t;l 14
lb 34
I Skara...
Arendal see. of Goteborg)
57 42
i1 50
Kimsta d
58 :32
15 58
Skitrholmen (sec. of Stockholm)
Arjang
59 23
12 08
Kinda Kanal (canal).....................
58 17
15 42
I Skelleftea
f
arsta (sec. (,f Stockholm)
59 18
18 03
Kiruna
67 51
-0 13
Skcivde........................
arstaviken (lake)
89 18
18 02
KlingerfjiiMen (ba,y).....................
62 29
17 26
Soriertiilje
:lrvids 'our
J
6:i :3:i
19 10
Knippelholmen (isls)
57 41
11 49
Siider:iilje Kuna.l (canal)
A storp
56 08
12 57
Kongsvinger, Norway....................
60 12
12 00
Solna............
Avesta.
60 09
16 12
Kopparberg
59 52
14 fig
Sound, The (sound)......................
Baltic Sea (sea'
56 00
18 00
Kornsjo, Norway
58 57
11 :39
Stensele.
E
Barsebiick (estate)
55 46
12 57
Kris' ianstud
56 02
1�1 08
Stenungsund
Bastutr iisk
64 47
20 02
Kristinehamn
59 20
14 07
Stockholm
Bavehn (strm).......
58 21
11 5
Krylbo
60 08
Ili 1:3
Storlicn (n� sla).........................
Berga farm)
:i9 05
i8 08
Kuttikeuborg (ser of Sundsnull)............
62 2:3
17 21
Storuman
Billingen (upland)
58 24
13 45
Kungsbacka
57 29
12 0.1
Strangnas
Roden
65 50
21 42
Kungsholmen (isl)
56 06
15 35
Strilssa.................................
i3or: is
:i7 1:3
12 55
Kungsangen.
59 29
17 45
Str6mmen (bay)
Borlange
60 29
15 25
Kvarn arm
58 38
15 18
Str6rnstad
Rorens berg
58 34
15) 17
Laholmsbukten (bay)
fit) 35
12 50
Studsvik
i
Bothnia. Gulf of iyulG
63 00
20 00
Laisv- ll
66 08
17 10
Sundbyberg
Briieke
62 43
15 27
Litn dskrona
55 52
12 50
S11111i5vall.
Brhviken inlet;
58 38
16 32
Lan lsort
58 45
17 52
Sundsvallsbukten (hay)...................
t
BCofjorden )fiord)
58 22
11 26
Lantsele.
63 :31
17 49
Sundsyallsfjarden )bay)...
1
Brunflo
63 05
14 �19
Lap and region)
68 00
25 00
Svappavaara
Cha riot ten berg
59 53
12 17
Laxit........
58 59
14 :37
Svartosund '.arrows)....................
Copenhagen, Denmark
55 40
12 35
Leksandr- Noret.........................
60 44
14 59
TO)% .sec. of Stockholm)
Dalarna (rcvion .......I
tit 01
11 04
Leningrad, U.S 1.R......................
59 55
30 15
T anum I.......
Dalaro
59 08
18 24
Lidingii.
51) 22
18 (i8
Tingstad (six. of Goteborg)................
Dalslands Kanal ('racial)
58 51
12 21
i, imhamn
Ui 3:5
12 54
Tjuvhohnssundet (narrows)...............
I
Domnurvet (sec. of Borkinge)
(io 30
15 27
Linko
'is 25
Ifi :37
Tornio, Finland
f
Enkii in
59 38
17 01
Ijungan xlrov..........................
62 19
17 2:3
Torsmo..
Falk6ping
58 10
13 :31
L6v6....
56 :i9
Ili 28
Traventiinde, W. Germany...............
F'itrsta (sec. of Stockholm)
-)9 ;ii
IS 05
Ludvika.
60 09
15 il
I' relleborg
E
Finnklippan (ist)
65 29
22 15
Luleil...
65 :34
22 11)
Trollhiitte Kanal (canal)
r
Forsmo
63 16
17 12
Lute; ily
65 :35
r,
22 03
T rollhi ittan I........
Forsmark
60 22
18 of)
I. und...
.iii 42
1:3 I1
rrondheitn. Norway.....................
G
Fredrikstad, Norwa.y
59 1:3
10 57
Luossavaara (nit)
(i7 :i2
20 I.1
T rosa
5
Frio' i
59 08
It 52
L.% cksele
64 :36
18 4(I
Uddevalla
5
Gallivare
67 08
20 �12
Lysekil..
:i8 Ili
11 26
Ulvsunda (srr.of Stockholm)
5
Giirda
57 :35
12 06
Midaren lake;..........................
59 30
17 12
Unx� ii...
6
Giivle
60 40
17 10
Malniberget
I.. 67 10
20 40
Un wily.
6
Gavlean (slrcn)
60 -t0
17 09
Malmo..
55 :36
1:3 00
Uppsala.......
5
Gaitlebukten (bay)
60 -12
17 20
Malinsliitt
58 2:i
1.5 :30
Vi iddo..
5
Germundofjiirden (bay)
65 29
22 1:3
Hirsta..
59 :37
17 51
Vallingby (ser. of Stockholm)
5
Giita Kanal canol)
58 50
13 58
Marviken (core)
60 117
18 49
Vallinge farm)
5
GiAaiily slrnr
57 42
ll 52
Mellansel
6:3 26
18 19
Viinern lake
ri
Go teborg
57 43
11 58
3 lellerud
58 42
12 28
Vanersborg
5
Gotland isl
57 30
18 3:3
Nlidsommarkntnser, (ser. of .Stockholm).....
59 18
18 00
Vanniis..
6
Griingesb erg
60 05
11 5! 1
M jolby..
58 19
115 08
Varberg................
5
Griuihuuuisfjnrdrn (sound)
i9 13
19 09
Mo, Nor way
66 19
l t Ill
Vii. amo
5
Grirnskar i ,Sl)
.iii 39
16 22
Morjary
66 04
22 .1:3
Vi istenis................................
5
Gripsholm (castle)
.)9 15
17 13
Motaht Strom (strm).....................
.;-s 3.,S
Ili oo
Vasterg&tland (region)...................
ii
Groncial (sec. qf Stockholm)
59 IJ
18 00
Musko isl
59 00
15 06
Vi isiervik
5
Gulf of Bothnia (gulf)
63 00
20 00
Mysingen (bay)
59 00
18 15
Viistra Fr6lunda (ser. of Goteborg)
5
i li igerni is
:i9 27
18 08
Naantali� Finland......
fill 27
22 02
Viixji;.
5
Ilagfors
60 02
13 42
\i issjo..
57 39
1.1 41
Vaxholmsfastning fort)..................
5
14alland region
:ii 01
12 42
Narvik. Norway.........................
(i8 26
17 25
Vattern aka)
5
111 itlniis
6.1 19
19 38
Na
59 26
18 06
Vidsel...
6
Ifi tllsherg
59 0.1
15 07
Nissan sl r,n
:i6 40
12 51
Vietas
6
Ilalms tad
56 :39
12 50
Norrki) ping
.i8 36
16 11
Vinga isl
5
Iliilsinghorg
56 0:3
12 42
Crih ticil sea) i
56 0(.
t
0:3 00
t.
1�s ad
5
Ilaparanda
65 50
2.1 10
Norwegian Sell (sea).
70 00
0:1 90
Ilarli)sit
55 4:3
13 32
Nyk ))ping........................
58 -15
17 90
Selected airfields
lliiloosnd
62 38
17 56
yniishiuu
:i8 5.1
17 57
A rlanda.
5
iiiissleltolri
56 09
1:3 �16
Odes hiig
58 1.1
It 39
Bronill a
5
:i7 If!
11 5:3
Oland (isl)
b 15
16 3S
Bulltofta
5
lljulmaren 1111ko
511 15
15 15
Orebro..
59 17
l5 iT
Froson.
6
iI orb 'x
55 :i1
I:3 39
Ornskoldsvik ,r, .aa).....................
63 17
18 �12
llulntstatl
5
Ilorsfjarden ;bay)
59 0.1
16 to
Uskarshanin..
57 16
16 24;
llultsfred..............
5
Noting
6.1 117
18 10
Oslo, Norway
51) 55
10 15
Jonkoping............
Iludiksvall
61 44
17 07
6stersund
63 11
1.1 39
Kallax..................
a
indalsalven (slrtn
62 31
17 27
Overtorneii..
66 2:3
23 40
Kalmar
5
Janitland (region)
(i:3 21i
110�I
helostrn( 1..............................
:i8 4(1
17 Oti
Karlsta d
;i
l rrvi
Sit r1C
17 31
Pit �i
6 .5
:311
Kmmn
Johamw1und (ser. of hinkopiny)...........
.i8 25
15 37
lint (ser. of 11olsinybory)
56 00
12 .1 .1
Kungsangen........
kink); ping
57 17
14 11
Rito fa rin
i7 24
11 f,6
Ornskotdsvik..........
Jonsered
57 45
12 Ill
Mi6n isl
58 09
11 2.1
11onneby
5
16m
6:i 04
20 02
Nevingehed
5 5 1:3
13 29
Sandviken...................
6
Jungfrufjarden (bay)
fig 09
27 07
Riks griinsen
(18 2:3
18 06
Skelleftea
6
Kuitum
tin :33
13 38
liinghals point)
57 15
12 05
Sundsvall llarnosand....................
6
Kalix
65 a1
23 08
Ritsetnjokkhtan (resort)
67 �13
17 28
T orslanda
1 5
Kalmar
56 .10
16 '22
Ilonaeleitsen (hills)
55 :34
13 33
i Umea..................................
6
Kalntarsund (sound)
56 40
16 25
Iliinnskiir (rr slop)
64 40
21 1(3
1 Visby
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8

Place; and features referred to in this General Survey
C 001? DINATKS (Y/UaDINATES coonDINATE'S
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8
o 1E
'N.
'I�;.
o 'N
'E.
66 51
2:3 32
Karc,tiando.......
4 i 27
22 29
Siiffh..
59 OS
12 56
6S 20
18 51
Karlsborg
65 48
2:3 17
Siiffle K.uutl (carmV
59 07
12 5:5
59 14
18 05
Karlshamn
.56 Ill
1.1 51
Saltsjohadt �n
.i9 17
18 18
I (rr sta)
57 41
12 00
Karlskrona................ I
:56 111
15 35
Sassnitz, F. Germany....................
54 31
1:3 39
del (channel)
62 24
17 2 :3
Karl stud
59 22
13 30
Save....
57 4S
11 55
57 40
11 :52
Karlingi
66 03
2:3 :57
Siivc�niis (sec. of C(itebory).................
57 9:3
12 02
eby
60 :34
17 27
Katrineholm
:59 00
Ifi 12
Simpvarp
57 25
16 40
(sec. of Goteborg)
6:5 40
21 00
Kattegat strait) I
57 00
11 00
Skagerrak (strait)...
5: 45
09 00
63 27
14 03
Kemi, Finland
65 44
24 34
SkSne( region
5: 59
1:3 30
olm
5(i 15
12 51
Kil.....
59 30
13 19
Skalstugan (farms)
6:3 35
12 16
anulvcn (slrrni......
62 48
r
17 56
Kilf
aors........
(it 14
16 :34
Skitra.......................
58 22
13 25
(sec. of Gotcbory)
57 42
11 till
Kimst.ad.....................
58 32
15 58
Skiirholmen (sec. of St.,ekholm)
59 17
17 5:3
59 23
12 OS
Kinda Banal (canal)
58 17
15 42
Skelleftea
64 4620
57
sec. of Stockholm)
i9 18
18 03
Kiruna...
67 51
20 13
Skbvde..
58 24
13 50
ken (lake�)
59 1S
18 02
Klingerfjiirden (bay).....................
62 29
17 26
Sodertidje
59 12
17 37
our
65 35
19 10
Knippelholnlen (isls).....................
57 41
11 49
Sodertiilje Kanal (canal)
59 12
17 38
56 08
12 57
Kongsvinger, Norwayy
60 J2
12 00
Solna...........
59 22
18 O1
60 09
16 12
Kopparberg I........
59 52
14 59
Sound,'rhe (sound)......................
55 till
12 40
ea (sea)
:i6 00
18 00
Kornsjo, Norway........................
58 57
11 39
Stensele.
65 05
!7 10
'ek estate)
55 -Iti
12 57
Kristianstad
5 02
11 ON
Stenungsund
58 05
11 49
`A
64 47
30 02
Kristinehamn
59 20
1.1 07
Stockholm...
59 20
18 03
slrm
58 21
11 55
Krylbo..
60 OS
16 13
Storlien (rr sla).........................
11:3 19
12 06
arm`........... I
I 59 05
l8 08
Kubikenborg (sec of Sundst
62 23
17 21
Storunutn
65 06
17 06
n (upland)
5S 2.1
13 45
Kungsbacka
57 29
12 0.1
Striingniis
59 23
17 02
65 50
21 12
Kungsholmen (isl)
6
15 35
St. ritssa
59 45
15 13
57 43
12 55
K ungsAngen
59 29
17 45
Strommen (bay)
59 19
18 05
e
(ill 29
15 25
Kvarn farm
58 38
15 18
Stromstud
58 f5
11 10
erg
58 34
15 17
Laholmsbukten (bay)
513 :35
12 50
Studsvik
58 46
17 23
Gulf of(gulr
G3 00
20 00
Laisvall.
66 08
17 10
Sundbv berg
59 22
17 58
62 43
15 27
Landskrona
>.5 52
12 :ill
A undsvu ll
(32 2:3
17 18
n inlet)
58 38
16 :32
Landsort
58 45
17 52
Sundsvallsbukten (bay)
62 20
17 35
en (fiord�
58 22
11 26
Langsele
63 :31
17 �19
Sundsvallsfjiirden (bay)..................
62 2:3
17 21
63 O:i
14 49
Lapland region)
68 00
25 00
Svappavaarn
67 39
21 04
tenberg
59 5:3
12 17
Laxa
58 59
14 :37
Svartosund (narrows)....................
65 :33
22 13
gen, Denmark
55 40
12 35
Leksands- Noret.........................
60 44
14 59
7Tiby (sec. (f Stockholm)..................
59 :30
18 03
region
61 111
14 01
Leningrad, U.S.S.R......................
59 55
:30 ltd
T anum I.......
58 .13
11 20
59 08
IS 24
Lidingii.
59 22
18 08
Tingstad (sec. of Goteborg)
57 44
11 59
ds Kanal (canal)
58 51
12 21
Limliamn
55 35
12 54
Tjuvholrnssundet (narron's)...............
65 32
22 11
rvet (sec. of Borl6ngc)
6O :30
15 27
Link6ping
58 25
15 :37
'Tornio. Finland
65 51
24 08
59 '38
17 04
I'jun�to ar,n
62 19
17 23 I
T orsmo I................
61 12
14 :i8
ng
5S 11)
13 :31
Liiv iS
56 59
16 28
Travenliinde, W. Gerrnany...............
53 58
10 52
(,sec. of Stockholm)
59 15
18 05
Ludvika.
60 O9
15 11
Trellehorg
55 22
1:3 10
ppan (ish
65 29
22 15
1, uIeii..................................
65 :3 -1
22 10
Trollhiate Kanal (canal)
57 43
11 :)S
63 16
17 12
v
Luleul....
(i.5 35
22 0:3
Trollhi itmn
58 16
12 18
rk
fill 22
18 09
Lund...
55 42
13 11
'Trondheim, Norwa
63 25
10 25
stad, Norway.......
59 13
10 of
Luossavaara (rntl
o2 157
20 1.1
T rosa
58 54
17 33
...........I
59 08
14 :5'2
Lyeksele
61 36
18 �10
U ddevalla
58 21
11 50
e
67 08
20 12
I. ysekil..
58 115
11 26
Ulvsunda (sec. of Stockholm)
59 20
it 58
57 :3:i
12 Ofi
\liilamn (lake)
:i9 30
17 12
l' mt A...
63 5(
20 15
till 40
17 10
Malmberret............................
67 10
20 40
17111ei ih�
63 47
20 ltd
(shin)
60 -10
17 09
Talmo..
:55 36
13 00
Uppsti'' i.
59 52
17 :38
kten (bay)
61) 42
17 20
M almshitt
58 25
15 :30
Vi idoo..
59 59
18 49
d6fjiirden (bay)
65 29
22 1:3
li irsta..
i9 :37
17 51
\'iillin by (sce. of Stockholm).
59 22
17 52
nal (canal)
58 50
1:3 58
1larviken (Corr)
60 07
18 49
Viillinge farm)..........................
59 16
17 42
slr tit
57 -12
11 52
lel lansel
6:3 26
l8 19
Vunern lake
58 Std
13 30
g
.57 �1:3
II 58
M ellerud
58 42
12 28
Viinersbong
58 22
12 19
i sl)
.i7 30
18 :3:3
Midsommarkransen (sec. of .Stockholm)..
59 18
18 00
Viinnas..
63 55
19 45
bet
(ill 05
It 5! 1
\1 olby
58 19
15 ON
Varber
57 06
12 15
mnsfjurden (sound)
.59 43
l9 09
\to, No- way............................
66 19
1-1 10
\'arnamo I
57 11
14 02
r isl)
J6 39
16 22
M or1.. rv.
66 04
22 43
Vii sterns.
59 37
16 33
lm (castle)..
.i9 I.i
17 1 :3
Nlotala Str6in (.cunt)
5S :38
1(i of)
Vastergotland (rcyinn)
58 01
13 03
(sec. of .Stockholm)
59 I9
18 00
Musko t t, a l;.............................
59 (Ill
I8 Ofi
Va stervik
56 15
14 24
Bothnia (gulf)
63 00
20 00
\lysingen (bay)
59 00
18 15
Viistra Fr6lunda (sec. of Gideborg)
57 .i:)
11 52
s
59 27
18 08
Namitali, Finland.......................
(30 27
22 02
iixjo...
t,(i 53
14 49
I...... 150 02
1:3 12
Niissji)..
57 39
i�1 41
Vaxholnrfustning (.fort)
59 24
IN 21
(region
:57 01
12 42
Niirvik. Norway.........................
(i8 26
17 215
Viittern lake
58 24
1.1 36
64 19
19 :38
N iisbvpark
59 26
18 06
Vidsel...
05 51
20 31
g
59 04
15 07
Nissan straW..
56 .10
12 51
Vietas..................................
67 30
18 ')r)
d
56 39
12 50
Norrkoping
58 31i
16 11
Vmga isl
57 38
11 36
org
:5(5 O:i
12 .1
North Sea (seal
56 00
03 00
Yst.ad
25
13 .19
da
fia `iO
2.1 !0
Norwegian Sea (sea)
70 00
05 00
:i:i -13
1:3 32
\ykiil)ili} r,
58 -15
17 00
Selected airfields
nd
(52 38
1? 56
Nv nasham
58 5r1
17 57
Arinllda.....
.)9 40
17 56
In'
54; 09
13 46
O desho g.
58 1.1
It ;if)
l3roninia
59 21
17 5
(i -eP
57 16
11 3
I
(Hand (isl)
56 15
16 38
131111toftll
55 36)
13 0.1
en (lak
59 l.i
15 15
Orebro
59 17
I5 13
Froson
15:3 12
1.1 30
:iii 51
1:3 :i9
Oroskoldsvik rr sl,i
6:3 17
IS "12
Ilit lnlst ad
56 41
12 49
den (boll)
:i0 o.1
Ifi Ill
Oskarshanin............................
57 16
111 26
I lultsfred
.i7 36
15 .ill
0.1 07
18 10
Oslo, Norway'
51) :)5
10 1n
Jonkoping...................... I
59 -16
14 05
t!
6 1 11
17 07
Ost ersund
63 11
11 39
Kal lax..
65 33
22 08
rin.
62 31
17 27
Ovcrtorned..
66 2:3
'.:3 10
Nalmar
513 41
16 17
,:un)
63 26
1.1 04
OXolii- .411.(1
58 .10
Ii 111;
Narl stall
59 22
13 28
.ill (16
17 :31
I' ilea
I. 10
21 ;1
Kiruna........................
67 -19
20 21
lun(1 ISCC. (ql L,nkopiny)
5S 25
1 5 :37
li.:ta (scc. of llolsingboryl.....
:141 410
1 L .1 1
i\' ungsangen
...1
Iti 15
g
I Ii
I
R 66 n r
57 2.1
1 511
Or )nrtt
3 25
18 :)9
5I 15
1 1
11!
i ').1
R I)y".ik............
1
13.1 114
211 1!:)
Re, ingched....
13
1:3 2'11
Sandviken..............
(50 3fi
16 57
nrden bni
11.1
o
..t Ot
liik �sg ramln.
68 2 :3
18 ()6
SI 'Ieff-1
64 iti
21 05
67 :33
18 :38
Ringhals (point)..........
57 1:1
12 05
llarnosand....................
6'.'
17 27
65 51
'2 :3 (I8
ItitsenijokkAtan (resort)
67 43
17 28
Torslanda..............
5, 12
11 47
5(i 40
lid 22
Romeleilscn (hots)
55 34
13 33
l' mea...
63 48
211 1,
rd (xoitndI.......
.its �10
Ifi 25
Rimnskhr (r- stop)
64 40
21 Iti
Vishy...
57 :39
I8 20
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8

t�UURDINATFS
rQ1ID 7116M..Wl3fa
C?)
I F 00 7
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8
rl.'
I
o c,1
o ,F-
Aapua
66 51
23 :32
Kan-.nand
(iti 27
22 21)
Siiffle.................
Abisko
68 20
Is 51
Karl; Borg
6.3 IS
2:3 17
Saffle Kanal lcunal)....
Y19esta
59 14
Is 0:5
Karlslianin..........
5(i 10
14 51
Saltsjobaden.
Almedal (rr sta)
57 41
12 00
Karls. krona
56 10
15 35
Sassnitz, E. Germany..
Alnosllndet (channel)
tit 24
17 23
K:urlstad.............
59 22
1:3 :30
Save...
Alvsborg
57 40
11 52
K arung, i.
6(i 03
23 57
Saveniis(sec. Goteborg)....
11hkarleby
60 :34
17 '27
Katrineholm
59 00
16 12
Sim van
Alvsbyn (sec. of Goteborg)
63 40
21 00
E-- ttegat (s trait).........................
.57 00
11 00
Skagerrak odruit
Ange
63 27
i4 03
Kenli, Finland
65 44
24 34
Skhne (region)..............
Xngelhohn
15
7
l: )1
Kil........................
59 30
13 19
Ska!stugxn (fanns)
:kn erman:ilven (slroa
g
(32 48
17 56
Kilafors
fit 11
16 34
Skara...................
Arendal (sec. of Goteborg)
57 42
It 50
Kllll stud
5l) :32
15 59
Skiirholmen (sec. of.Stockholm)
A rjang
:i9 23
12 08
Kinda Kanal (canal).....................
59 17
15 42
Skelleftea...................
Arsta (sec. of Siockholm)
59 18
IS 03
Kiruna..
67 51
20 13
Skovde..................
.lretaviken (lake)
:59 IS
18 02
Klingerfjimlen (buy).....................
fit 29
17 26
Sodertidje
Arvidsjaur
ti:i '35
19 10
Kni ppelholnlen (isls).......
57 41
11 49
S6dertidje Kanal (canal;......
:lstorp
56 Os
12 57
Kongsvinger, Norway...................
60 12
12 00
Solna
Avesta
60 09
16 12
Kopparberg
59 52
14 59
Sound. The (sound)
Baltic Sea (sc�a)
56 00
is 00
Kornsjo, Norway........................
58 57
I1 39
Stensele....................
Barsebiiek (estate)
5:5 46
12 57
Kristianstad
56 02
14 08
Stenungsund................
Bastutriisk
7
64 4r
20 02
Kristineliamn
59 :,U
14 07
Stockholm..................
Bavean strrn
58 21
11 55
Krylho
(iO ON
16 13
torlien (rr sta).............
Berga .f a rm
59 0:i
18 08
Kubikenborg (ser,f Sundsvall)
fit 2:3
17 21 I
Storuman.................
Billing en 'ic p fund)
:58 24
1:3 45
Kungsbacka
57 29
12 04
Striin ni IS.
Bolen
65 5O
ll 42
Kun sholmcn (is
g.
5(i Ofi
15 35
titrAssa.........
13orils
57 43
12 55
Kungs angen
.59 29
17 �15
Strommen (bay
Borhinge
60 29
15 25
Kvarn farrn
58 38
15 IS
Stroinstad..................
Bore nsberg
53 :34
15 17
Laholmsbukten (be_y)....................
.5(i 35
12 50
Studsvik...................
Bothnia, Gulf of (,vul
f
63 00
20 O0
La. isvall.
6(i 08
17 10
I
Sundbvber
Briteke
62 43
15 27
Landskrona.....
55 52
12 50
Sundsvall.....
Brllviken inlet)
58 38
16 32
Landsort
58 45
17 52
Sundsvallsbukten tba
lipfjorden fiord)
58 22
11 26
Langsele
63 31
17 49
Sundsvatlsfj.irdvn (bay;...
Brunflo
6. 05
14 19
Lapland region)
68 00
25 00
Svappavaarn.........
Charlottenberg
59 53
12 17
Luxh
58 59
14 :37
Svartosund (narrou-s)........
Copenhagen, Denmark
5:i 40
12 35
I Leksands- Nortt.
60 44
14 59
Tiiby (scc. of. Stockholm;......
Dalarna region
61 01
11 04
Leningrad, U.S .S R......................
59 55
:30 15
Tanuin
Dalarb
59 08
18 2.1
Lidingii.
:59 22
18 08
Tingstad (sec. of C;(jlcbary)....
Dalslands Kanal (canal)
:i8 51
12 24
Limhamn
55 :35
12 54
'I'juvholmssundet (ra.rrows)...
Domnarvet (sec. of Borhinyc)
60 :30
15 27
Linkoping
58 25
15 :37
'Tornio, Finland.............
Enk6 ping
59 38
17 04
Ljungan (s Iron;..........................
62 19
17 2:3
Torsnto...............
Falk6 pin
58 i0
13 3I
Liivo....
56 59
It; 2s
Travemunde, W. C:ermany...
Farsta (sec. of Slockholnl)
51) 15
18 05
Ludvika.
60 09
1:5 11
Trelleborg..................
Finnklippan fist)
65 29
22 15
Im le: i...
65 :34
22 10
Trollhiitte Kanal (canal)....
Forsmo
63 16
17 12
Luleiih�
65 3:5
22 03
Trollhiittan......... I.......
Forsmark
60 22
18 09
Lurid...
5:5 42
1:3 11
'rrordheim, Norway.........
Fredrlkstad, N orway
59 13
1 57
Luossavaitra 0W)
6 1 52
20 1.1 1
Trosa
Frovi
59 08
I 1 :52
1. ve ksele
61 :313
18 40
Uddevalla
Gidl ivare
67 08
20 42
Lysekil.......................
58 Ili
11 26
1 (sec. of Stockholm)
Garda
57 3:5
12 06
Malaren (lake)...........
59 30
17 12
Umeii......................
Gavle.
(it) 40
17 10
M al tuberget
6i 10
20 40
Unteiilv.....
Gavleiin i, atnn'
60 �10
17 09
Malmo
55 36
13 00
Uppsala....................
Giivlebukten (bay)
fill 42
17 20
Midins lint
58 25
1:5 :30
1 iiddit.....................
Ue- ntund6fjiirden (bay)
6x5 29
22 13
M arsta..
59 :37
17 it
Viillinghy (s( of Storkhohn)
Gotta Kanal (canal)
58 50
13 :38
Marviken (cove)
60 07
is 49
Vallinge (farm`..............
Gotaitiv (slrm)
:57 42
II 52
Mellansrl
6:3 21)
18 19
Vitnern (lake)...............
Goteborg
57 �13
11 :58
M ellerud
:58 42
12 28
Viinersborg.................
Gotland (isl)
.57 30
1S :33
Midsonimarkransen (sec�. ofStorkhohn).....
51) is
i5 (10
Viin nit
Griing esber g
60 05
14 59
Ijdlbv..
:58 19
15 ON
Varbcrg....................
(3riinhamnsfjardcn (sound)
51) 43
19 09
Nlo, N orway
6ti 11)
14 10
Viirnanio...................
Griniskitr (ish
:513 39
16 22
Iorjiirv.
Iili 04
22 4:3
Viisteris................
Grips tofu (castle)
:59 15
17 1:3
hiotala Strom (sirm)
:i8
16 011
Vastergiitlaud
Gr6ndal (sec. of ,Sloekhohn)
59 19
18 00
Musko lisl
59 00
18 06
Viistervik...................
Gulf of Bothnia (gulr?
63 00
20 00
llysingeu (bar),.........................
59 00
is 15 I
Viistra FrilluDdU (scc, of Golebc
Haigerniis
.59 27
is ON
Naantali, Finland.......................
60 27
22 02
Viix'o.
liagfors
(ill 02
13 42
N: issjo..
57 :i9
1.1 �11
Vaxholntsfiistning (fort)......
Ilalland rrgion
57 01
12 .12
Narvik. Norway.........................
(38 213
17 25
Viittern (lake)...............
Hiillni is
64 19
19 :38
Nash y park
:59 26
18 06
Vidsel...........
Ihd!sberg
59 0 1
15 07
Nissan (stun;..
:it) 40
12 51
Viet.as..I...................
Halmstad
51) 39
12 :50
Norrko ping
its 36
Ifi 11
Vinga (isl)
l ialsinghorg
:56 0 :3
12 42
North Sea (seal...........
56 00
03 (Ill
1'stad......................
flai)ar�:,ndu
135 50
2.1 10
Norwegian Sea (vo(i).....................
70 00
o5 00
Hark.'a
55 4 :3
1:3 32
Nykoping..............................
.58 45
17 00
Selected
iliirnosiind
.i2 :38
17 :56
Nvn:tsharn....
5i8 tit
17 57
Arlanda
}Lis- it�h011n
.Ill 09
1:3 1'!
0(loshriv.
58 14
1'I 39
licom ma....
-1 n,R 1'Il i.el;
Ili
I
O111O(i 7x11.....
:ifi 15
11) 3S
Bulltoft -0l
I I)almarcn (luk, i
15
1 I15
ororu
51) 17
1:5 13
Froson
III Irby
i :5l
1:3 :39
(l nskoldsvik (rr sla
63 17
Is 1_'
flat[) stall..................
Horsfjarde (boll)
59 0.1
Ifi 111
t)sk:ushamit.
'7 Iii
Ifi 213
Iiultsfred...................
Italia)
Iil 0
is 10
Uxlo, Nomat.......
55
Ill 4:5
Jonkoping..........
Iludiksvall
111 11
17 07
0slersun I
fi3 I 1
1.1 39
Kallax
Indals:ilven (strin)
li2 :31
17
Ovortorrtva
(ifi 23
2:3 Ill I
K almar.
Jiitnthtnd (region)
63 26
11 111
OvAilsund
ON .10
17 Of)
Karlstad...................
.Iarna
59 Ill(
17 :31
1'nt;a
65 20
21 :30 I
Kiruna.........
Johannelund (scr. o Linkoping)
58 2:i
15 37
Bait (ser�. of 1161singbory)
00
12 4.1
Klingsangen................
Jiink6 ping
57 47
1.1 11
166 furor
57 24
11 56
Ornskoldsvik................
Jonsered
57 4:5
12 Ill
liiiiin (ish
58 09
11 24
Ronneby
.1�ru
I..I. 6- (1l
20 02
li t utl; eht -d
53 13
13 ::1)
S:ljdl ikcu..................
Jungfrufjarden (bay)
59 119
27 07
Riksgriinsen
68 2:3
Is 06
Skelleftca...................
Knit. um
67 :33
is 3s
Ringlials (point)
57 15
12 05
Sundsvall Ilarnosand.
Kalix
65 51
2:3 08
R,itseinjokkiltan (resort)
137 4:3
17 28
'Torshinda I.........
Kalmar
51i �10
Ifi 22
Ilomeleil:.en (hills)
55 3.1
13 33
Umea......................
Kalnmr.:und (sound:.
5(i �10
Ali 25
10tinskiir (rr stop)
64 .10
21 Ifi
Visby...........
C?)
I F 00 7
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8

D 0
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8
o I
o
66 it
2:3 32
K;tresu:u (to
(i8 2;
22 29
Saffle
59 08
12 56
68 20
IN
Karlsborg
ii5 48
23 17
Suffle Kanal carrali........
59 07
12 55
ti9 14
IS (15
Karlsi�amn
:iti Il)
14 51
Saltsjobadcu...............
59 17
18 IN
(rr sla)
57 41
12 00
Karlskrona
5t3 10
If,
Sassnitz, F. Germany....................
54 31
1:3 :39
et (channel)
132 24
17 2:3
Karlstad...............................
i9 22
1:3 30
sitvr.....
57 48
11 55
:57 40
11 52
Karangi.
66 0:3
2:3 57
Siiivenits (sec. of Gotebory).................
57 4:3
12 02
ry..
60 34
27
lr
Katrineholin
.59 00
I(3 12
1 3
Sim )var>
57 2:;
Ifi 40
(see. of Goteborg)
65 40
21 00
Kattegat Ixtruil l.........................
57 00
11 00
Skagerrak Strait;........................
57 45
09 00
63
l4 03
Kemi, Finland
6.5 1.4
24 31
Sikant �(reyior
55 59
13 30
n
56 15
12 51
Kit.....
i9 30
13 19
Skatstugan ;Jaunt)......................
6:3 :35
12 16
nAlven (strm)
62 48
17 5
Kilafors.
lit 14
16 34
Skara............
5S 22
13 25
$cc. of Gdleborg)
57 42
11 50
Kim. tad
50 :32
15 5S
SkArholmen or Stockholm)............
59 17
17 5:3
1 i9 23
12 0S
Kinda Kanal (canal).....................
58 17
15 12
Si kclleftea
(i4 46
2t) 57
or Stockholm:)
59 19
1S 03
Kiruna....................
67 51
20 13
Ski) vde
58 24
13 50
In (lake)
59 18
IS 02
Ktingerfjarden (bay)..
62 29
17 26
Sodert- dje
59 12
17 37
tr
r
65 35
19 10
Knippelholmen (islsl.......
57 41
11 49
Siiidertiil't Katnatl banal;..................
59 ll
17 38
I
56 08
12 57
Kongsvinger, Norway....................
60 12
12 00
Solna...
59 22
I8 01
60 09
16 12
Kopparberg
59 52
14 59
Sound, The (xoand;......................
55 50
12 4(;
(sea)
56 00
18 (Sill
Kornsjo, Norway....................
58 57
11 :39
Stensele
65 05
17 10
h (estate)
55 46
12 57
Kristianstad
56 02
14 08
Stenungsund
58 05
11 49
64 47
20 02
Kristinehamn
59 20
14 07
Stockholm
59 20
1S 03
Win)
58 21
11 55
Krylbo......
60 OS
1 6 13
Storlien (rr sla)....................
63 19
12 06
rm)
59 05
18 08
Kubikenborg (sec of Sundsrall)............
6 2 23
17 21
Storatnan.......
(upland)
58 24
13 45
Kungsbacka..
57 29
12 0.1
Striingnits
59 2:3
17 02
65 50
21 42
Kungsholmen (isl)
..)6 06
15 35
Str: is, a.................................
59 45
15 13
57 43
12 55
Kuugsitngen...
59 29
17 45
Strinnmer (bay)
59 19
18 05
.I
(10 29
15 25
Kvarn (farm)......
58 38
15 I8
Stronistad
58 56
11 10
rg
58 3-1
15 17
Laholmshukten (bay)
56 :35
12 50
s tudsvik
5S 46
17 23
63 00
20 00
Laisvall...........
66 08
17 10
Sundhvber
59 22
1 5S
62 4 :3
15 27
1 ,andskrona..
55 52
12 50
Sundsvall..............
62 23
17 18
(i
58 38
16 32
Landsort
58 45
17 fit
Sundsvallshukten (bay;...................
tit 20
17 35
to (fiord)
5 22
11 26
Langsele
6:3 :31
17 49
Sundsvallsfjarden (bay;..................
fit 23
17 21
63 05
14 49
I,apland region)
68 00
25 00
Svappavaara
67 39
21 04
enoerg
59 5:3
12 17
i Laxft
5S 59
14 :37
Svartosund (narrows)
ti:; :3:3
22 13
gen, Denmark
50 40
12 35
I. eksands- Nortt.........................
60 44
14 59
Tiiby (see. or S1or�khr, n)..................
59 30
IS 03
region
61 01
14 04
Leningrad, U.S.S.R
1 59 55
30 15
Tanum.................................
58 4:3
11 20
:i9 08
18 24
1, lain� ii.
p
5 9 2'2
18 08
Tingstad (sec. of Golcborg)
57 41
11 59
a Kanal (canal)
58 51
12 21
Un iharnn
5r; 35
12 54
Tjuchottnsst )ndet(narrows)...............
65 :32
22 11
Vet (see. of Borliinge)
60 30
15 27
I, inkiiping
58 25
15 :37
Tornio. Fin land.........................
6a .;l
2.1 08
59 :38
17 01
1,junaan ,,S�lrm
li' 1!1
17 '3
Cor, mo.
lit 12
14 58
i g
5S 10
13 :it
I'm-6................
56 i9
16 28
Travemilnde, 1v (1.ermany..
5:3 3S
10 52
tee. of Stockholm)
59 15
IS 05
lmdvika.
130 Oil
IS 11
Trelleborg
5.5 22
1:3 10
pan (isl1
ti5 29
22 15
I. uleil
(i:; 31
22 10
Trollhatte Kanal (canal).................
50 13
11 58
I.... 63 16
17 12
Imleal...............
65 35
22 03
Crollhuttan
58 16
12 18
k
fill 22
I8 09
Lund...
5.5 12
13 11
"Trondheim, Norway.
63 25
10 25
Lad, Norway
59 1:3
10 57
Luossavitara t mr1)
637 52
20 1.1
Trosa
i8 54
17 3:3
59 08
14 52
Lyeksele
61 :36
18 40
Uddevalla
58 21
11 55
g
67 OS
20 42
Lesekil..
5S Ili
11 26
Ulvsunda (xer. of Stockholm'..............
59 20
17 58
57 :35
12 06
alaren i. lake,..........................
59 :30
17 12
Ulne d...
63 50
20 15
fit) -10
17 10
NIitlulbereet.........
Iii 10
20 �10
Unleiilv.
6:3 47
20 10
(shin)
60 40
17 00
Malmii.................................
5:; 36
13 00
Uppsala,
59 52
17 38
kten (buy).
130 12
17 20
\calm. mitt
:;s 25
15 30
Vaddii
q
5) 5.
1S 49
dofjhrden (bay(
65 29
22 13
Marsta....
:;9 :37
17 51
1'idlingby !ser�. nrSlerkhol)n`
59 22
17 52
Ina( (canal)
58 5t)
13 58
Man�ikeu rerc)
lift U7
18 49
viillin�r farm
ti'
59 lfi
I: 42
(str)m)
57 42
11 i2
M ellatlse l..........................
133 21��
IS 19
Vanet�n IakO........
fib 55
13 :30
57 4:3
11 58
llellerud
5S 42
12 2S I
inersborg
58 22
12 19
is
57 30
18 :33
Niidsonimarkransen (xer. if Slor�khclm;..
59 IS
IS
1' iinnas.................................
63 55
19 45
er
till 05
11 59
l ljol hy
iS 19
I:; I
urbcre.
:;7 06
12 15
nsfjarden (sound)
59 13
19 Oil
\1o, Norway
60 19
11 10
Vianamo..
57 11
14 02
513 39
16 22
Mor' iry
66 04
�:2 -1 3
Viisteris
i9 37
16 33
cusps)
59 I5
l7 1:3
Motala iron( (stun).....................
.;S :is
Ili 1111
viistergotlund trcy ion)
58 01
13 03
(ser. of .Stockholm)
.;9 19
I8 00
'.I usk. isl
fig 00
I's Oti
viistervik
56 1:;
14 24
othnia (yull)
6:3 6)0
20 00
My.:ingen (bay).........................
59 00
Is 15
vustnt Fr6lunda (sec. of Golcboryl.........
57 39
11 53
59 '27
{8 118
Naantaii. Finland.
(10 27
22 02
N'i ixjo...
56 5:3
14 49
60 ('l
13 �12
Nassjo
57 :39
14 �11
vaxholntsfitstning (fort)..................
51) 2.1
18 21
region)
57 01
12 42
Narvik, Norway....
68 26
17 25
Vattern (lake)
58 24
14 36
6-1 I9
I9 38
Nasbypa r k I
59 213
18 06
Vidsel.........
65 51
20 31
59 01
15 07
Nissan W rit?)
513 �10
12 51
vista,..............
67 30
1S 25
56 :39
12 50
Norrkoping
i8 :313
16 11
vinga isl
57 38
11 36
org
56 03
12 42
North Siva (xru).........................
53 00
03 00
hstad....
55 25
13 49
dit
65 50
2.1 10
Norwegian lien i sca)
70 00
05 011
Selected airfields
55 1 :3
1:3 3'2
Nykoping
5S 45
17 nt)
d
132 38
1! ,)6
Nv11l Shunt
58 51
17 57
Arlanda........................
59 �10
17 513
Dlnl
06 69
13 16
Odvsho)
58 1.1
14 39
ltr oil) Ina
59 21
l' JI
R
isle
57 Ili
11 5:3
Olrtnd isl
56 15
Ili :38
liul ltofta
55 36
13 0.1
n clako)
59 15
15 15
0 repro
MI 17
15 13
Froson..
63 12
14 :34)
51
13 10
I OrnskoIdsvik (rr sta)
63 17
IS 12
Ilalmstad
.56 41
12 .19
en holy
:d) Of
Ili l0
Oskarshltnu l............................
57 16
Ifi 26
11 re d
57 36
Ifi 50
I.
fill 07
IS III
I Oslo, Norway
59 15
Ifi) 15
1, mkopiu g I.........
i9 .16
14 05
11
131 41
17 07
O�ter.:mol
14 39
Kallax.. .I I..............
65 33
22 08
en arrirr)
62 31
I7 27
I (,vvr�r n�;i
'3
2:3 �10
Kal mar.
i(3 -11
1(3 17
(rr ur,rn
13:3 '26
I l (1.1
(;t,lu�und
10
17 06
Karlstad
59 22
13 28
59 Of!
17 31
Piteu
20
21 30
Kiruna..
67 40
20 21
and (scc. of Linkopiny)...........
1
58 2:;
15 37
Ituii (xee. of lldlsinybory)
..o 1111
12 4.1
Ktmgsangen
5S 35
Ifi 15
g......
57 17
1.1 11
Ila'iii (raum),
)7 21
11 513
Ornskoldsvik
6 :3 25
18 fig
.....................I
57 15
12 10
11,1611 (isl)..............
N 1131
11 24
Ronnehy
56 16
15 I(3
I.. 65 (T1
20 02
Revi:1ee1led...................
55 1:3
13 29
Sandvike
60 36
16 57
arden (bay)
59 09
27 07
Rik, grimsen
I
(38 2:3
IS 06
Skellef tea
(1�1 38
21 05
(37 :i :i
i :3a
{lultihul, .,l,urnt,.........
7 15
1 11�
utul 11 llrrn xanrl
62 '3^
17 ^7
65 51
2'1 08
IlitsemjokkAtun (resort)..................
137 43
17 28
T orslanda
57 .12
It 47
56 40
1(3 22
RonudeAsen ihills)..........
55 :31
13 33 I
Un iva...
133 48
20 17
5(3 NI
Ifi 25
Honnskar (rr slop
61 40
Ifi
It i, by
57 39
18 20
D 0
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8

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