THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FRONT DEMOKRAT RAKJAT AND OF MOESO'S PARTAI KOMUNIS INDONESIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R002100390007-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 1, 1999
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: December 7, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

CENTRAL INT LLIGENCE AGENCY
REPORT NO
NFORMA1ION RE `
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COUNTRY Indonesia
SUBJECT The Activities of the Front Demokrat Rakjat and
of Moeaot s Partai,i#erunis Indonesia
Llbar y
DATE DISTR. r1 December 1S4.8
NO. OF PAGES 6
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OF ENCLS. A
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SUPPLEMENT TO
T. S ?tua.tion Prior to the Revolu utio L
I. The FDR (Sajap Kin - Partat Sosialis Indonesia (PSI) ) succeeded in infiltrating
the government, especially in the sphere of the military within the Tentera
:Iasional Indonesia (Tll) Masjarakat and the components of the people's defense
(i.e., FDR: the influence of the IDR reached 35 per cent of the armed forces
including the Lasjkars, the Angkatan Laoet Repoeblik Indonesia (ALRI), the Folis.
Tentera Laoet (PTL), 50 per cent of the Sosalit Division, and 40 per cent of the
peadi Solo Brigade).
?. ter the fall of the cabinet of Amir Sjarifoedin (Renville Agreement), the FOR
%r.ried out Illegal activities, such as pillage, criticism, terrorization, strikss
w mc., in order to bring about the collapse of the Matta cabinet.
After the arrival of l'ceso and Soeripno. the FDR and the PYI united. becoming
an enlarged PKI. Action was taken to force the government to exchange consuls
wah the USSR.
C
As their very last parliamentary act, the members of the Working Committee of the
tomite Nasional Indonesia Poesa.t (KIII?). in a meeting; held the first mart of
eptember i148, in which most of the merbers supnorted the gov=rnr+ente turned
own a seemingly legal request of the PKI to the government to form a new
'parliamentary) cabinet.
in solo. the .GDR/PTI became Provocative. Terrorization by the FDR increased anl
the Gerakan Revolusie Ra.kjat (ORR) began activities In September. The Siliwa i
lBrigade, which h.d about one com ny in Solo, was in charge of this activity. The
quiclAy took charge of affairs In the city until the TLRI Division and the Solo-
Tentera i*oet Repoeblik Indonesia (TLRI) of Jadan, assisted by about three
battalions of the Solo Division. attacked a company of the Siliirangi Division at
Srambaton, Solo. in order to dislodge it, this attempt failed. The Siliwangi
strengthened itself with reinforcements from Klaten and Jogjakarta. It
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Division of the TNI left the city. The TIAI Soejoto Brigsde and a part of the
Solo Division gent northward. The ?I X Jadan Brigade, one battalion of the TI!
NasJarakat and some TAI battalions went southward with Brigade Commander Soeadi.
6. b r comparison the plan of the 1DE is given. Since the rationalisation plan not
with failure among the army leaders, with men in only two key positions, Djoko-
soejono as Acting Commanding Officer of the Territory of Jews and Sakirman as
Chief of the Masjarakat Section, the situation was not is roey as they had
pictured it and it was necessary for them to attempt a new plant 1) to takeover
the leadership of the government and 2) to form a new government. Item I was to
be carried out first in a seem ngly parliamentary phase and, afterwards in a
non-parliamentary phase.
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For military purposes, Solo was to be made into a "Wild West" and Nadloen was to
become a guerrilla center for a long period; pressure was to be put on Eediri and
Eedoe; dislocations within the military were to be brought about in accordance
with the above plan so that they might strengthen their positions and consolidate
the territory they occupied. More was, also the task of gathering weapons and the
expulsion of Polisi Eesmanan (PE), security police, in Repaking and the few
police troops which were active.
8. During the first half of September 1948, Moeeo, Amir Sjarifoedin, Setiad,it, etc.,
went in a group from Solo to Madiosn, via Bodjonegoro, Pati and Poervodadie
propagandizing on a large scale.
II. Situation Daring the Revolution.
9. At 3:30a.m., 18 September 1948, the PM/PEI. making use of three battalions of
the 29 Brigade (Pesindo) which had arrived from Eediri, expelled the army. the
CPI arm, and the police. They established a Soviet government (later called
Pemerintah J5-cat Rasional - PIN) with Moeso as president, astir Sjarifoedin as
Prime Minister, Soemarsono as Minister of Defense (later Military Governor),
Abdoel Moetalib as Army Resident, Djokoeoejono as Commanding Officer (00).
DabUu as Field. 00, etc. Steps taken by this government were: the seizure of
all persons criticizing the revolution; the removal of all officials, even to the
village level; the distribution of "bengk k5 land and land of enterprises;
the release of all prisoners! Infiltration among those people easily swayed!
and the dispatch of cadres. In sadioen there were summary executions of leaders
'loyal to the Republic, expulsion of the right wing leaders; pillage, disregard
of rights and assassinations on a large scale. Student groups carried out
illegal activities against the Mocso governments such as sabotage.
10. Moeso governments were established by Jadan on 19 September in the Kabupaten
(Washiton Comment. A region administered by a Aupati) of Soeknhardio and on 20
September in Wonogiri. Alimin and Maroeto Daroesman were in Wonogiri. Police
officials and members of the Pamong Prodjo were made prisoners.
11. Shortly afterwards Soejotots troops were attacked by the siliwangi Division
from Solo; a Peopless Army Government (Moeso) was established in the E bupaten
of Poerrodadf (Semarang) by Brigade CO Soejoto.
12. The Residency of Pati, excepting Tjepoe, for a while could not be held by the
Republican Army and fell into the hands of Soejoto's Revolutionary Army (Tentera
Pemberontak) and the Soediarto Brigade of the Soerakerte,4 Division.
Phase One
The President reveals that the nation is in a precarious situation:
13. The arrV and police, on 29 September 1948, undertook in Jogjakarta to seize
hda/PES leaders, among others Tan Ling Djie, lendromartono, and a large nnnber
of other outstanding leaders; other arrests took place outside the cit. IAE
troops were driven ate. Up to the present, about 2,000 prisoners have been taken.
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14. Left vino newspapers and periodicals have been banned.
15. Censorship of person, speech, correspondence (telegrams), etc., is in force.
16. Vital activities are being protected.
17. Similar steps bate also been taken in Solo; up to the present Scout 1,500
prisoners have been :soon.
IS. 'Redoe d.elayed, action for three days due to the attitude of Seesalit. Afterwards
Lt. Col. Sarbim took charge of the leaders of the army and took steps In
conjunction with the police. Since the measures taken were sufficient, the
situation in Redoe has improves..
19. In Soerabaja and Kediri a delay of two dare occurred because the field (Pertea-
puran) Chief of Staff for last Java, Col. Mahadi, was taken prisoner in Madioen
and it was necessary to replace him with Col. Soengkono. Two battalions of the
29 Brigade were pursued in Eediri., Also Brigade CO Duhlen, Chief of Staff
oaesnandsr, and TLRI Admiral Atmadji (who bad sided with Moos*) M. others were'
captured. (According to reports,Atmsdji end boesnander have meanwhile been
expected and Dahlan is being prepared for the death ?malty.)
20. The Malang Residency took earl steps to seize the left wing leaders (600 prisoners).
21. Bodaonegoro 'nespectedly was able to handle the situation, sine it bad at" a
timely change in the leadership of the Bodjonegoro ari. ?bar seized about
300 local left wing leaders; although this step was perhaps a month overdue.
22. The Pats Residency initially began to arrest the left wing leaders in the Pats
lCabupaten, but later they were overpowered by the TLRI and the Soediarto Brigade
from Solo. The Sub--Territorial Commander (STO), the Resident, and the Chief of
the Residency pollee fled and, others of our officials were taken prisoner.
23? The Sanjoemas Residency ( arnegsra) skillfully took all steps in time.
24. Total number of prisoners taken up to the present is about 8,000-9,000 (not
including Madioen).
Special arrests in Djogjasrtas
25. After the fall of Madioen, Lt. Col. Ilartono Hrotolfloesoemo, supreme leader of
the Peoplede Defense (YDR), was arrested in Jogjakarta and Alimin, propaganda and
agitation leader of the PII/ld1R, was arrested in Delaagga.
IV. Steps taken by the Republican Government
Military-Police Operations:
26. On 18 September 1948, Col. gatotsoebroto was Military governor of Soeralosrta,
Semarsag, Pati, and Madloen. After the city of Soerakarta bad been cleared of
left wing elements, the Siliva 1, reinforced by a fev battalions of the Soeadi
Brigade, (formerly 4 Division), vadertook mopping up activities towards the
south (Soekohardjo and Wonogiri) and towards the north (Sa.lam, 8alioso and
Poerwodadi). Two Siliwangi battalions were sent via Tawangi ngoe to relieve
Sarangan, Plaosan and Magetan and to heL.d towards Madioen; three battalions
under Brigade CO Saidkin set out from Solo towards Madioen via Yalikeen, splitting
into two groups, one going towards Sgaw ., the other southeastwards. One
battalion of the TNI and one battalion of the National Police under M. Jasin,
headed towards Madloen via 8gandjuk from 8edirt. One battalion left Sediri over
the ridge of Mt. Willis to intercept Moesols arspr which might withdraw towards
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Mt. Willis for guerrilla activifAy. One battalion left Treng alek (south)
for Ponogoro Bad the Madtoen area.
27. On 30 September 1948, troops of the Sadikin Brigade entered the city of Madioen
from the area of Walikoekoea-Geneng. Immediately thereafter the troops from
Ngandjuk, moving viaTJaroebaoe and the police battalion of Jasin also entered
the city and immediately set to work on reorganization. The police battalion
of Jasin on the previous day was only three kilometers from the city but had
to vast for additional troops before entering the city. Mossoas Army-withdrew
to Doengoes and Iandangan opposite the slopes of Mt. Willis and were thrown
into confusion by the Sabaroedin troops which had crossed over the ridge of the
mountain. A large number of weapons and radio ports captured by our army were
brought in by motor vehicles and horses. Meanwhile all of our Kabupaten were
being brought under control and more police offices were occupied by our troops.
A, part of Patjitan was still controlled bsr the IDR/PII. (It should be noted that
the leaders of the revolution had undertaken a proper "purges. Several Baipati,
lomnando Keaaanean Kota (XXK) Madioen, and about 200 police officials were
killed in the confusion. The total dead and missing is about 1,000, including
leaders of the right wing parties.)
28. The army and police are at present carrying out pacification activities. The
directors of the revolution and disturbances are being arrested and executed.
Our situation to improving. A part of Moeso's disorganized army, robbing and
kidnapping on route, entered the forests along the foothills of Mt. Willis and
headed towards the southern part of Iediri Residency. Another part of this
arntr headed for the Wonogirt area, and another part sought to join the Red Army
In Pati/Poerwodadi. Still others broke up into small groups and mingled with,the
population.
29. The Soek-hardJo Kabupaten awl. the Wonogiri Kabupaten bAve been further strengthened
by our side. Mater of the troops of Jadan have surrendered. The rest of the
troops have hidden in the areas towards the south coast in the hilly terrain
of Tirtomodjo in Wonogiri Iabupaten. Our operations against thee have almost
reached a suceessa1 conclusion since we are massing forces from Wonogiri
(Soerakgrta) and Wonosari (JogJalmrta). To the north the Red An W was driven
from Salem and then pursued from Kalioso and Goendik. By 4 October, we had
reoccupied Poerwodadi; afterwards we Improved the situation in the Poerwodadi
Sabupaten.
On this dame day the Red Army attacked Tjepoe and, begitueiug with the third day
and before the fifth day, they occupied the northern part of T1epoe (Pats Resi-
dency). Although previous to this time the army and police had. captured the
outstanding local FDR/PKI leaders, the Lasjlr Boeroeh still considered itself
strong and assisted the Red Army. They were unable to take the oil factory. The
refinery was intact and still in operation on 10 October. Only one residue
tank and one gasoline tank were burned, due to artillery fire. Since reinforce-
ments arrived quickly from N avi,ve were further able to consolidate our occu-
pation of Tjepoe. Meanwhile a part of the troops of Soediarto came back to the
Republican.Armar` including some of the leaders of the Soedtarto Brigade. Soediarto
also wished to return.
Thus our army to now exerting strong pressure on Blora, the last strong point of
the Red Army. Our army has assembled one battalion each from the following t 'Tjepoe
Worosari and Koedoes. Also one battalion has come from B,)djonegoro via Djatirogo
towards Rembang, in order to shut in Blora from the north.
At Parakan in the Kedoe Residency there had also been a revolution. Major Mahmnd,
a member of the Pesindo, used his battalion to expel the TRI and the police in
Parakan and to terrorize the leaders of the arapr, police and Pa=ng Prodjo.
This revolution was immediately suppressed by our army and the leaders retreated
to the mountainous regions (Dieng). The greater part of these troops
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s rrendered. Major Mahmud and about thirty of his followers were forced to
escape across the statue quo line on 8 October 1948, where they were protected
by the Dutch Armor from our pursuit.
In Wonosari (Jogjakarta) the FDR/PSI, supported by the Red Lrigy from Wonogiri,
was also active, but it was suppressed by e-rw and police troops from Jogjakarta,
supported by Republican troops in Wonogiri opposition was slight because
our leaders were on guard prior to the action.
3i1.. The situation in Banten Residency is stable. The government remained perfectly
capable of handling the situation, because prior to the revolution it had re-
moved all undesirable elements. The I'DR/PSI was sufficiently controlled by
simple regulations (house and city arrest).
35. Wherever our army retrieved a place from the hands of the revolutionists, the
National Police undertook to eliminate dangerous elements and to disarm those not
qualified to carry arms. Pamong Prodjo and the information officials immediately
took up their duties. Coordination among the various officials was good. in
Jogjakarta, Wonosari, Soerbisarta, and Poerwodadi cleaning up activities were
carried out in a systematic manner. In Jogjakarta frequent cleaning-up activities
are carried out.
36.
In the areas continuously held by the Moesoists, executions were carried out by
the army after a summary trial of the revolutionists and their collaborators.
T. taus Taken y the Republican Oovernme
Phase Three
37. The steps in this phase plan to bring about a cleaning up in the political sphere.
This plan includes the necessity of enlarging the Masjarakat, which will be
organized and controlled by the government. If it is a dangerous movement the
Masjarakat will be isolated; if neutral it will be channelized; if healtbr it
will prosper and cultivate those things which are good for it. The political
sphere will be directed by the information office and the Pamong frodjo. The
plan also stipulates that the Masjarakat will be predominantly national-democratic,
with the Masjoemi and PHI as the leading ,factors.
VI. that Matter
38. It is reported that the members of theme/PBI have carried out illegal acts
everywhere, especially those aimed at sabotage and possible assassinations. We
are constantly on the alert and are prepared.
39. It is obvious, according to information, that left wing armed troops are no
longer in evidence In the area controlled by us.
l.O. Loyal Hisboellah troops added strength to the government's means of control. The
Barium Hanteng was at first active in support of the Republican Army. It appears
that this was purely for the purpose of their material profit. Later they
withdrew and became unconcerned, This group is becoming reaker day by day.
41. Several Sentral Organieasie Boeroeh Seloerosh Indonesia (SO331) branch labor
unions withdrew from SOBSI and supported the government. Most of the unions,
however, remained within the SOBSI with the intention of choosing new leaders.
4?.2. All units of the Mahasisiva supported the government.
43. The Baden Kongres Pemoeda Indonesia's attitude is ambiguous. On our side new
youth groups have arisen. Among others, there are some in Soerakarta which
support our idea.
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The Gera]a Revolusi Bakjat (G W.) (Dr. Moe zardi was killed by, the 21)`R) the Akora
rat, . other commanisticall7 oriented trties and unions are at nresen"; order
observation.
4,5