YUGOSLAV EMIGRE EXTREMISTS

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CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6
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May 29, 1980
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MEMO
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY NATIONAL FOREIGN ASSESSMENT CENTER 29 May 1980 MEMORANDUM Summary Terrorists espousing nationalist causes have been endemic to the' Balkans for most of the twentieth century. Since the end of World War II, Croatian and Serbian emigre groups have been particularly active in terrorist attacks against Yugoslav installations abroad. Most of their activity has been conducted in Australia, West Europe, the United States, and Canada. They have not been able to operate with any great degree'of success within Yugoslavia itself but have sworn to increase their efforts on Yugoslav territory and against Yugoslav missions abroad in the post-Tito era. F_~ The main emigre groups are made up of Croatian separatists who want to establish an independent Croatian state and Serbian nationals who want to overthrow the Communist system and restore Serbian dominance over Yugoslavia. These con- flicting goals underscore the bitter ethnic rivalry between the two groups--and their many subgroups--who often disagree on tactics. The one feature they all share has been an intense animosity for Tito and the Communist Yugoslavia he built. Croatian separatists are the most numerous and the best organized, but the Zack of unity among the various exile organizations has reduced their effectiveness. This paper was prepared byl I USSR-EE Division, Office of Pol.iticaZ Analysis, and was coordinated with the Office of Central Reference, the International Issues Division/OPA, and with several offices within the Directorate of Operations. It was requested by Department of State. Research was completed on 9 May 1980. Questions and comments may be addressed to Chief, East Europe Branch OPA, PA M80-10256CX Copy 3I of 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 11 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 This memorandum consolidates available information on the leading individuals and groups that make up the Yugoslav emigre movement. It also reviews their past activities to provide a better understanding of the extremes to which they may be prepared to go in the future. The paper does not address emigre groups or individuals in the United States. 77 25X1 I. The Croatian Emigres The various Croatian extremist groups scattered worldwide have one unifying goal--the destruction of the present Yugoslav 25X1 state and establishment of an independent and sovereign state of __ Croatia. F 1 25X1 Croatia, one of the six republics of the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia, has a population of approximately 4.5 million--second to that of the Serbian Republic (8 million). Since the formation of Yugoslavia in 1918, the Croats have been working to expand their rights and influence against what they view as Serbian dominance. After 10 years of a rocky coexistence, the 1930s witnessed a sharp deterioration in Serbo-Croatian relations. F__1 Ig Organized Croatian opposition derived its original leadership from Ante Pavelic, who established a rightwing Croatian nationalist organization called "Ustasha" (meaning rebel) in Italy in 1929. Its most spectacular act of terrorism was the assassination of Yugoslav King Alexander in 1934. When the Germans swept into Yugoslavia in April 1941, they installed Pavelic as head of a puppet Croatian state. He and his Ustasha killed between 100,000 and 600,000 Serbs and Muslims living in Croatia (the latter is a Yugoslav Government figure). Id When the Nazi position began to crumble in late 1944, Pavelic and his top lieutenants scattered to Italy, Austria, Germany, Spain, and Argentina. In 1945 Tito and his Communist partisans entered Croatia and eventually executed an estimated 100,000 to 150,000 Croats. F7 The Ustasha leaders who fled Yugoslavia formed the nucleus of the Croatian extremist groups established in exile after the war.. In the-1950s and early 1960s Pavelic's followers branched off into four major groups: 15 Croatian National Committee (HNO-J) Established in 1950 in Munich and headed by Branko Jelic Croatian National Resistance (HNO-L) Established in-.1955 in Spain by General Vjekoslav Luburic 1 -2- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) Established in 1957 in Spain by Pavelic himself Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (HRB) Established in 1961 in Australia by Miroslav Varos and Geza Pasti Iq Ig These groups, along with other minor Croatian organizations, engaged in periodic terrorism against Yugoslav,officials and installations abroad. Most of their energies, however, were spent feuding with each other. Until the late 1960s the Croatian emigre movement appeared to be diminishing in significance. It seemed that advancing age, factionalism, and increasing evidence that the Yugoslav Federation was durable would ultimately cause the movement to die out along with the original Ustasha leaders. 0 By the late 1960s, however, younger Croatians were re- sponsible for a resurgence in terrorism and a revitalized emigre movement. This new generation came largely from the increasing number of emigres and "gastarbeiter" (guest workers) who have been allowed to leave Yugoslavia since the early 1960s. (The Yugoslav Government is aware of the fact that most of the.terrorist acts committed. in. the. last decade have been conducted by the Croatian g ra ion born and raised in Yugoslavia since World War II. Events within Yugoslavia in 1971 served to intensify anti- Yugoslav feelings among Croats abroad. Tito accused the Croatian Communist leadership of excessive. nationalism and liberalism and replaced it with Communists whose loyalty to the Yugoslav League of Communists and to the federal idea were beyond reproach. These purges came at the height of a liberalizing trend in Croatia that was characterized by its supporters'as a "Croatian Spring." 0 While Tito's purges neutralized what he perceived as the immediate threat, nationalistic feelings inside Croatia were suppressed but by no means eliminated. The effect of the purge on the older generation of Croatian emigres was a renaissance of anti-Yugoslav sentiment and hatred for Tito. Among the younger Croats who previously had lacked any strong impulse to identify with extreme Croatian nationalism, the 1971 repression of Croats by the Tito regime provided an incentive. F_~ The renewed fervor among emigre activists resulted in the formation in 1974 of the Croatian National Council (HNV) at a World Congress in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of this "umbrella organization" was to achieve unity among Croatian groups by minimizing factional differences and emphasizing the common drive for an independent Croatia. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Today there are an estimated 2.2 million Yugoslavs living abroad; the largest contingents are in West Germany, Australia, Canada, and Sweden. There are also large Croatian communities in Spain and Argentina and smaller groups in Great Britian, France, Austria, and Paraguay. While most of these'emigres have nothing to do with anti- Yugoslav terrorism, an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 Croatian extremists advocate violence as a means of achieving their goals. It is difficult to obtain accurate or even approximate figures identifying the number of emigres associated with each of the Croatian Groups. In addition, it is difficult even to determine all of the existing Croatian groups because smaller splinter groups often break off from the more prominent organi- zations when differences of opinions among the leaders occur. In addition, what appears to be two separate groups may, in fact, be only one. Translations of the Serbo-Croatian names may have differed slightly from time to time, and thus one group may have two synonymous titles. For example, the Croatian National Council has been referred to as the Croatian National Congress, yet the leadership is the same for both. The emigre groups may also use-several titles to make their following appear larger than it actually is and-to make it as difficult as possible for authorities to connect them with their illegal activities. .With all these obstacles in mind, the following is a breakdown of the major organizations within the emigre movement. CROATIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL (HNV) In the past three decades Croatian exiles have made several attempts to unify the various political groups from all over the world to form a single, cohesive, and thus more powerful political body . The emigres realized that a major coalition would be the .most efficient vehicle through which to represent the Croatian struggle for national self-determination and to achieve a sovereign, independent Croatian state. In February 1974 a "Pan Croatian Congress" was held in Toronto in an attempt to create a world- wide united body recognized by all Croatians as the central voice for expression of opposition to the Yugoslav Government. At this meeting the Croatian National Council (HNV) was formed. The Croatian National Council is now viewed by most Croatian emigres as a government in exile. It is an umbrella body in which representatives from approximately 20 separate organizations are affiliated. Active membership is estimated at 10,000, with branches in approximately 10 countries. The Council claims to speak for about 90 percent of the Croats in Yugoslavia. ~$ The constitution states the Council's purpose is "to actively 0 -4- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 1$ assist the Croatian people with all appropriate means and methods in their struggle to establish a free and independent Croatia." members agreed unanimously on the need to maintain a secret fund While the Council claims it is not a terrorist group, many of its members have conducted and/or condoned terrorist acts under the auspices of their individual groups.' The organiza- tion's executive congress met in September 1978 and established two types of funds that would allow for financial support of terrorist activities. The "Character Fund" was established to defend Croatians charged with criminal offenses as a result of their revolutionary activities. In addition, the Finance Committee to support revolutionary and illegal activity. The Council probably used these funds to support convicted Croatian terrorists on at least two occasions. A subcommittee was formed to collect money for the Croats who hijacked an airliner in September 1976. In addition, the HNV hired lawyers and trans- lators for the hijackers' trials and even provided financial II assistance to their families. Financial aid also was given to the Croatian terrorist Dane Sarac* in 1976-after he was wounded in an assassination attempt. Nevertheless, the HNV contends that it does not condone violence as a means of achieving its goals. The Croatian National Council relies rimaril on private contributions. the HVN now controls approximately $1 million in funds. Membership fees 1J vary and are scaled to an individual's income. Finances are further supplemented by HNV-sponsored events, such as banquets .usually featuring prominent Croatians as speakers. The Yugoslav regime clearly views the Croatian National Council as a threat to the survival of Yugoslavia, and Belgrade's propaganda has sought to discredit the HNV. Yugoslav Government has also sought to prevent the HNV from holding congresses in various countries and, as a result, has sometimes had diplomatic problems with countries that have permitted the Council to hold meetings. The Yugoslavs, for example, roundly criticized the UK for allowing the Council to hold its Third International Congress in London.in January 1980. - There are reports that the Council is entering a new era characterized by a "soft-sell" approach designed to attract Western assistance for its goal of a "free and independent Croatia." To this end the HNV has prevented its more radical members from *See Leading Yugoslav Emigres, Annex B. 25X1 25X1 .25X1 25X6 25X6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 holding executive positions and has adopted a policy of moder- ation and negotiation. 25X1 The HNV's new philosophy is attributed 25X1 to the increasing concern among HNV members about the future of Croatia in the post-Tito era. The moderates of the group are divided into two schools: some fear that Yugoslavia 25X1 will be taken over by the USSR, necessitating an alliance with major Western powers to rescue Croatia from Soviet domination; others believe Yugoslavia will break up, with Serbia aligning itself with the Soviet bloc and Croatia aligning with the West. Both groups, however, believe that a sovereign Croatia will only be possible if major.countries (especially the US) offer assis- tance. 25X1 A major problem for the Croatian National Council is that it is an umbrella organization with a membership that has vast differences of opinion and philosophy. Thus, i?t has not always been able to speak with a united voice for the Croatian emigre community. CROATIAN.REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL* (HRV) The Croatian Revolutionary Council was founded on 17 March 1980 in Lund, Sweden. The group, also known as the Coordination conference on 20 March in Frankfurt, West Germany. *This group may also be referred to as the Coordination Center for Croats Residing Abroad (KOAK), the "Proljecari", or the Croatian 13 as Spring. 0 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 -----25X1 According to Tomi;slav Micic, the group spokesman, their primary objective is to ensure that "Tito has been the last Yugoslav." It advocates an intensification of efforts to create an autonomous Croatian state in post-Tito Yugoslavia. The group claims to have established contacts with Soviet repre- sentatives to secure support for arr independent, socialist Croatian state in return for free Soviet access to Yugoslav seaports. Mladen Schwartz; identified as the organization's chief ideologist, is a radical and wants nothing to do with fellow countrymen willing to compromise. He stated that "we want an independent state of Croatia, no matter how" and added "the end justifies the means." Schwartz claimed that Croatian nationalists would make gradual. preparations for civil war by fomenting strikes and violence. He predicted that one year from now at the latest, the time would be ripe for his fellow countrymen "to take up the arms in the decisive moment." 10 The group claims that it has smuggled small arms and ammunition into Yugoslavia and that it receives massive financial support from "an interested side." This smuggling was supposedly made easier by the relatively casual controls on tourist travel, and the group's members boast of having access to Yugoslav ,arsenals. These latter claims almost .certainly are fraudulent. create a sovereign Croatia. According to trie Executive Committee of the Coordination Center, it expects to gain approximately 70,000 sympathizers among Yugoslav guest workers in West Germany. West German security authorities, however, estimate the number of activists willing to participate in criminal activities:at a maximum of 1,000. u The Croatian emigres are now presented with two clear alter- natives: accepting the moderate, pro-Western approach of the Croatian National Council or following the Croatian Revolutionary Council, which advocates the violent overthrow of the Yugoslav Government. The Revolutionary Council and other more radical groups may well attract the younger Croatian activists who will want to move quickly in the post-Tito era in attempt to 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 13 19 1s Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 CROATIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT (HOP) The Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) is the most direct descendant of the Ustasha and claims to be its successor. This group was established by Anton Pavelic (founder of the Ustasha) in 1957 in Madrid. After the independent state of Croatia collapsed in 1945, Pavelic fled to Italy. Later he went to Austria, Argentina, and finally Spain where he enjoyed the active cooperation of the Franco regime and the Spanish Catholic prelates until he died in 1959. Thereafter the Spanish,Government allowed the HOP to operate in Spain but provided no assistance. Following Franco's death in 1976, the Spanish Government terminated its ties with this group. After Pavelic's death, the Croatian Liberation Movement broke up into feuding factions. Dr. Stjepan Hefer succeeded Pavelic and moved the organization's,headquarters to Buenos Aires. In 1966, Vjekoslav Vrancic led a splinter group entitled "The Provisional Committee for the Reorganization of HOP" away from the main- wing: Eventually the "Provisional Committee" drew away a large number of the Movement's members and emerged. as more radical in natirre.than Hefer's wing. Today there are still two branches that claim the-HOP name.. Hefer died in 1973, and his branch has become much more moderate over the years. The larger branch led by Vrancic -is closer to - the radical tradition of Pavelic's Ustasha.` Its headquarters-is-in-Buenos-Aires, where there are 600 to 700 members. The Croatian Liberation Movement has one of the largest followings of any Croatian emigre extremist group--probably due to the attraction Pavelic's name has to many Croatian emigres. There are branches throughout the world, the major ones of which are located in Spain, West" Germany, Sweden, Australia, Canada, Great Britain and Argentina. In most cases it is unclear whether these branches are associated with the Hefer or the Vrancic factions.,.: __ . . Leading members of the HOP include: Professor No Poric (Argentina), Stjepan Buconjic (West Germany), Josip Biosic (Spain), Mirko Deskar (West Germany), Franjo Jurisic (West Germany), Stjepan Kostric (West Germany), Dr. Andrija Ilic (Britain), Fabian Lovokovic (Australia), Anton Butkovic (Au- stralia), Josip Asancic (Argentina).* 0 . ? The Yugoslav Government has accused the Croatian Liberation Movement of responsibility for many terrorist acts. While the wing led by Vrancic publicly advocates terrorism, only one incident can be positively traced to the HOP. In December 1975 *For more detailed background on some of these individuals see Annex B. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 '25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Stjepan Buconjic was arrested in West Germany for preparing three booby-trapped packages addressed to the Yugoslav Consulate in Munich. Buconjic's supplier for the explosives was the then 1W Secretary General of the HOP, Ivan' Tuksor. In 1977 a West German court sentenced Buconjic to 18 years in prison. CROATIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE (HNO-J) The Croatian National Committee (HNO-J) was established in Munich in 1950 and is the oldest of the post-World War II Croatian emigre separatist organizations. Prior to 1972 it had the largest membership and was generally regarded as the primary representative of the Croatian emigre movement. Since the death of its founder, Dr. Branko Jelic, in 1972 the HNO-J has lost much of the prestige and membership it once enjoyed. Dr. Ivan Jelic, the current President of the HNO-J, was elected in September 1972, shortly after his brother Branko died. Although its leaders and newspaper have condoned terrorism against the Yugoslav state, the HNO-J members have committed few terrorist acts. The new leadership-, attempted to give the HNO-J a more moderate, pro-Western image= but did not immediately refute Branko's earlier claim-that his organization was in contact with--the Soviets Ivan Jelic and other top leaders-of the HNO-J have taken an active role in the activities of the Croatian ~$ National Council since its establishment in 1974. Ivan Jelic was elected to the Executive Committee of the Council in 1975 and became its Vice President in October 1977. He was re-elected to another, term at the, Congress held in London in January 1980. The main headquarters_of,the-HNO-J-was in West Berlin, but was moved .-to Munich after Branko -Jelic`s- death in 1972. 'It Ig has major branches in Sweden, Argentina, Australia, and Canada, The HNO-J does not appear to receive support from any government, despite rumors of Soviet support in the early 1970s. It acquires financial support from the large Croatian emigre community around the world as well as some profit from its newspaper, Hrvatska Drzava, which is published in Munich and had a circulation o approximately 10,000 as of .1973. CROATIAN NATIONAL RESISTANCE' (HNO-L) The Croatian National Resistance (HNO-L) is a quasimilitary organization and one of the most active of the extremist groups. Iy 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 1g The HNO-L was established in Spain in 1955 by former Ustasha General Maks Luburic. Its main headquarters is still in Spain, but it has major branches in Australia, West Germany, (where it has been banned but apparently still operates illegally), Argentina, Sweden, France, and Canada. Luburic was assassinated on 19 April 1969 in Spain--presumably in an emigre feud. His son-in- law', Dinko Sakic, took command of the HNO-L, but three other leaders--including Srecko Rover of the Australian branch and Stjepan Bilandzic of the West German branch--soon assumed equal status with Sakic. The open rivalry among the leaders has not prevented them from collaborating in numerous operations against the Yugoslav Government. It is not clear which, if any, of these men is recognized as the HNO-L "strongman." Each of the four major branches seems to enjoy much autonomy, and they do not see eye to eye on many issues.* The HNO-L does little to hide its violent methods. Its most spectacular terrorist activities of the 1970s include: -- The assassination of the Yugoslav Ambassador to Sweden in 1971. 1% -- The hijacking of an SAS flight in 1972 to free the assassins. -- The attempted assassination of a Yugoslav diplomat in Cologne in November 1975. -- The assassination of the Uruguayan Ambassador to Paraguay in'June 1976. He was mistaken for the Yugoslav Ambassador to Paraguay. -- The attempted assassination of the Yugoslav Vice Consul in Duesseldorf in June 1976.** Only the Paraguayan Government seems to support the-HNO-L, although the extent of its support it not clear. Spain, under Franco, provided a haven for HNO-L extremists, but post-Franco Spain has discontinued this policy. *Part of the Croatian National Resistance, the Luburic Faction is a quasimilitary organization whose members frequently parti- cipate in violent attacks against Yugoslav communities and representatives abroad. Two Luburic Faction members, Baresic and Brajkovic, were convicted of killing the Yugoslav Ambassador to Sweden in 1971. F__1 =101 y 25X1 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 CROATIAN REVOLUTIONARY BROTHERHOOD (HRB) The Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (HRB) is-one of the most radical and dangerous of the Croatian extremist groups. It was founded in Australia in 1961 by Geza'Pasti and Miroslav Varos and has branches in West Germany, Austria,- Spain, France, and Sweden. Its missions are to infiltrate terrorist groups into Yugoslavia and to attack Yugoslav diplomatic officials abroad. A number of splinter groups have emerged--including the "Croatian Illegal Revolutionary -Organization"andthe-"Croatian Liberation Revolutionary Army." The HRB is known to collaborate with the Croatian National. Resistance and the Croatian Youth in Australia. Like the CroatianNational -Resistance, the HRB is banned in West Germany. 1$ 1% Little is known about the functional structure-of the Brotherhood, and it is not clear who its current leaders are and what the membership is..-Some of its-more active members include Srecko Rover, Jure Maric,-Ivica Simunovic, Franjo Percic, Dane Saric, Josip Senic, and Franjo Goreta.*- 0 The Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood has been responsible since 1963 for at-least-four armed infiltrations-into Yugoslavia. It seemed to be_ planning- another before .19 of _ its-.members -..were arrested in 1978 at a guerrilla training camp near Eden, Au- stralia. In addition, the group has assassinated two Yugoslav consular officials--one in Munich %in 1966 and another in Frank- furt in 1976--and wounded another in an assassination attempt in 1965 in West Germany. .It has also planned other assassinations which, for various reasons, have been unsuccessful. CROATIAN PEASANT PARTY (HSS) The Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) is a well-established organization which,. like most of the other emigre groups, ' seeks the re-establishment of an independent Croatian state. It does not advocate the-use of violent means, but plays a major -110 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 role in Croatian affairs and maintains contact with the major groups of the emigre movement. F-1 The HSS was the foremost Croatian political party of the Yugoslav state during the. inter-war years. Stjepan Radic, its leader, was shot in the parliament by an enraged Serbian rep- I6 resentative in 1928. The attack virtually destroyed the 10 years' effort to reconcile Croatian and Serbian differences. When the Germans invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, the party leader, Dr. Vladimir Macek, fled with the royal government to London, where he established the party's headquarters. Upon his death Macek was replaced b Dr. Juraj Krnjevic, who is still President of the Party. . The party's branch-in Canada currently is as important as that in London. Established in Winnipeg in 1933, it has approximately 600 members and is the largest Croatian political I* 5 organization in Canada. Its leader, Dr. Mladen Zorkin, was elected President of the Supreme Council of the HSS in 1973. 39 3 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 UNITED CROATS OF WEST GERMANY (UHNj) The United Croats of Germany (UHNj), an offshoot of the Croatian Liberation Movement established by followers of Anton Pavelic, is reputed to be more radical than the Croatian Liberation Movement. The West German Government nonetheless refused to extradite two top members of the UHNj (Ante Vukic and Franjo Nikolic) to Yugoslavia in 1978 on the grounds that the organization is not terrorist. Two previous UHNj leaders have been assassinated--probably by the Yugoslav security service--and an unsuccessful attempt was made on the life of present leader Ante Vukic and his wife and daughter in April 1969. The UHNj also has branches in Australia and France. The Australian branch., founded In Sydney:. in 1973, is estimated to have 50 members and reportedly has plotted.. attacks on Yugoslav diplomats in Australia. The "United Croats of Canada" may also be connected with UHNj. -n FOREIGN BUREAU.OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CROATIA This group, a Communist organization,-is probably the most peculiar in the Croatian emigre movement. Tom-Sedlo, its co- founder and`current'head, is reputed to be one-of the most eccentric of the Croatian.-emigre leaders. In 1971. he and Velmir Tomulic founded. the Union of Croatian Communists Abroad in Frankfurt, West Germany. In 1972, the organization assumed its current name--Shortly. thereafter, Tomulic.-protested that the Foreign Bureau was drawing closer to the Ustasha groups in the Croatian emigre movements and was becoming more nationalistic and chauvinistic. He and.Sedlo could not resolve their differences, and Tomulic resigned. Tomulic's assertions were based on the Foreign Bureau's fuzzy association with Branko Jelic's Croatian National Committee in the early 1.970s. Sedlo approached Jelic in 1970 and again in 1972 and claimed that he had Soviet support for the formation of a "United Croatian Front" that would establish an independent state of Croatia. It is not entirely clear whether Sedlo's claims of Soviet support were factual--he apparently has a reputation for tall tales and-dubious schemes. Jelic, who at the time claimed-that he-was negotiating with-the Soviets, believed that Sedlo had connections in Moscow. Since his approaches to the Croatian National Committee in 1970-1973, not much has been heard from Sedlo or-his organization. -1f3- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 His last known address (as of 1976), was in Frankfurt. The Foreign Bureau is not known to have engaged in any terrorist acts against Yugoslavia; the Yugoslav Government, however, has branded Sedlo as an enemy of the state. F7 IV SOCIALIST PARTY OF CROATIA (SSH) The Socialist Party of Croatia (SSH) was founded by Ivan Matic in Geneva in 1974. While the Soviet links with the Foreign Bureau of the Communist Party are uncertain, the SSH is openly pro-Soviet and could be a creature of Moscow. On a trip to the Soviet Union in 1974 Matic claims to have spoken with "medium level" Soviet officials who pledged their assistance to the party. . The Socialist Party of Croatia advocates the creation of an independent Croatian socialist state probably allied with Moscow. The group is trying to attract the non-Ustasha and non-rightist Croatian emigres. In addition, the party hopes to solicit the support of Croatian Communists inside Yugoslavia who were followers of Croatian Communist leaders Mika Tripalo and Savka Dabcevic- Kucar, who were ousted by Tito during the "Croatian Spring" crackdown in 1971-1972. F__1 .25X1 Tom Sedlo (of the Foreign Bureau) wanted to associate his group with Matic's in.1974, but Matic declined. Matic now resides iinStuttgart and publishes a party journal, Hrvatska pravda. ? 25X1 CROATIAN REPUBLICAN PARTY (HRS) The Croatian Republican Party is one of the smaller Croatian emigre organizations, although its leaders have played an influential role in attempts to unify the emigre movement. Its President, Dr. No Korsky of. Buenos Aires, was one of the founders of the Croatian National*Council in 1974. Professor Kazimir Katalanic, apparently Korsky's deputy in Buenos Aires, was elected Secretary of the Presidium of the Croatian National Council at the Brussels Congress in October 1977. (He was not reelected at the January 1980 Congress.) 0 The Croatian Republican Party has its headquarters in Buenos Aires and branches in West Germany (headed by Stefan Vrancic of Nuremberg) and Australia along with a smaller branch in Canada. While the organization as a whole is not noted for its militancy, the Australian branch has played a significant part in organizing violent demonstrations against Yugoslav installations in Au- stralia in recent years. F__] Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 II. The Serbian Emigres The Serbs have been the dominant national group in Yugo- slavia since the creation of'the state in 1918. Serbs began emigrating from Yugoslavia later than Croats did, mainly because 25 the prevailing political climate assured that the Serbs would dominate the new South Slav nation. As a result, most Serbs were satisfied during the inter-war years. The majority of Serbs abroad fought against Tito during World War II and remained loyal to the royalist government in London. Their political sympathies tend to be monarchist, 2,5 and they favor the reimposition of Serbian dominance in Yugo- slavia. Owing to their relatively recent emigration, the Serbs tend to be even less well organized than the Croats. Moreover, since their countrymen enjoy a relatively favorable position in Yugo- slavia, Serbs abroad lack a constituency at home with which they can identify. a5 ? Serbian-emigre groups tend to be small and loosely organized, thus representing a less serious threat to Yugoslavia than Croatian organizations. In general, the Serb emigres rarely resort to terrorism--with the exception of a group called the Serbian Youth Liberation Movement. The Serbian organizations, however, do have individual members willing to commit violent acts against Yugoslav installations abroad. In general, little background information is available on the Serbian groups. -1~- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Z5 ab was to create negative publicity for anti-Yugoslav Serbs. The bombings, in fact, caused little damage--their main impact SERBIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT FOR FREEDOM (SOPO) The movement was formed in Canada in 1966 .by extremists for the purpose of perpetuating subversive terrorist acts. Its stated program is to "sabotage Yugoslavia and kill Ti" it is undoubtedly the most violent of all the Serbian groups. SOPO is believed to be responsible for the'bombings in 1967 of six Yugoslav official installations in Nortk America. Some Serbian emigres believe that two principal members of SOPO supposedly involved in the bombings were in fact working for the Yugoslav security service in order to discredit Serbian groups. SERBIAN WESTERN GUARD Little is known about this group, but evidence indicates that some of its.members are among the most likely of all the Serbs to become involved in terrorist activities. The group was formed to-encourage a more aggressive fight toward establishing ab Serbian domminance in a noncommunist Yugoslavia. It is anti- Communist, anti-Croatian, and Serbian nationalist by nature. Thus far, its activities seem to have been confined to sending low-grade propaganda into Yugoslavia. RAVNA GORA (ORGANIZATION OF SERBIAN CHETNIKS) This group, along with SOPO, wants to overthrow the Titoist regime and restore Serbian. dominance in Yugoslavia. Although it publicly promotes violence, no extremism can actually be attributed to this group. III. Miscellaneous Emigre Groups Yugoslav officials have in the past expressed some concern over Slovenian and Macedonian emigres, but there is little active rou s are ver ce that these ide ? y . g p ev n Historical Macedonia is now divided among Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Greece. Political activities among those emigre Macedonians who support independence for Macedonia is also divided. Macedonian emigres have always lacked leadership and _ consequently have never presented a unified threat. For the most part, any political activity that does exist has been confined to peaceful demonstrations. Q-5 of their activities are confined to cultural and humanitarian affairs. The emigre Slovenians have merged with their new found homelands more quickly than any other Yugoslav nationality-- largely as a result of their high degree of Westernization. Most 25X1 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 IV. Modus Operandi* 30 616 Dip IS Ig Croatian rorist groups basically share the same modus ope- randi. Weapons Croatian extremists have primarily used light weapons (pistols, rifles, machineguns, hand grenades). They also seem to have a fondness for bombs, including letter bombs. In 1974 a group of Croatians that entered Yugoslavia was equipped with two bazooka-type missiles stolen from a US Army base in Kaiserslautern, West Germany, earlier that year. There are a number of Yugoslav nationals employed by the US Armed Forces in Germany in various capacities, including that of security guards. Their possible access to arms and explosives could make them a prime target for a recruitment approach by Croatian extremists. -- Bombings and Assassinations In the past`Croatian extremists have most frequently brought attention to their cause by bombing Yugoslav installations. In most cases, the bombs were placed in or mailed to a Yugoslav installation abroad.. Less frequently, emigre. bombing incidents. have occurred inside Yugoslavia-the last-known incident on a train in 1977. In-'most cases it is -difficult to determine whether-.- Croatian or'Serbian groups were-responsible; the Croatian'attacks, however, are undoubtedly the most numerous. F-1 emigre-instigated assassination.attempts,_six.of.which were Assassination attempts have not been as frequent as bombings. The victims have been either Yugoslav diplomatic officials or pro-Yugoslav supporters. Since 1965 there have been at least 14 successful.- A11_-.the victims were pro-Yugoslav with the exception of the Uruguayan-Ambassador to:Paraguay who._was killed when-- '-- mistaken for the Yugoslav Ambassador. (This does not take into account those deaths related to bombings, or the assassinations of prominent emigre leaders.) 0 Hostages Croatians have taken hostages in two plane hijackings and in their seizure of the Yugoslav Consulate in Sweden (1971), but no hostages were-harmed in these incidents. Demands Most demands have been designed to obtain the release of fellow extremists imprisoned in Yugoslavia or in other countries. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Jg On each occasion they also took the opportunity to promote their struggle for an independent Croatia. During the hijacking in September 1976, the terrorists demanded that leaflets be dropped over London and Paris and that communiques be published calling for a free Croatia. Demands have almost always been made at the beginning of the operation--usually via telephone or letters to the press or the host government. 0 . Negotiations In most cases where they have taken hostages the extremists have been willing to negotiate, and no hostage has been killed. When the terrorists have set deadlines for their demands, they have passed without incident, and the extremists have been willing to make concessions. In situations where hostages have been taken they have been released within a day. The extremists 25X1 have, in most cases, surrendered peacefully after either their demands are met or they realize that the authorities will not budge. 0 25X1 The outright assassination attempts have resulted in numerous deaths over'the years. :'The extremists seem interested in harming only Yugoslavs, although some of their bombings have killed or injured innocent bystanders. In a situation. where. they hold.non- Yugoslav hostages the extremists are-likely to' give--in to firm pressure rather than harm those people who have, nothing to do with their "war" against. Yugoslavia. They do, however, take the- opportunity to gain maximum notoriety for their cause. ~ Host Government Response ..25X1 25X1 18 As a result of growing international animosity toward terrorism, ; Yugoslav extremists have been unwelcome in these and other Western countries and have met with increasing difficulty in carrying out I~ their operations. There have been occasional reports suggesting that emigre organizational activities may have shifted to such Latin American countries as Paraguay and Argentina. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 3.1 Outside Assistance The only country that is known to give support to Croatian extremists Paraguay, but the extent of Paraguayan aid is Ig . unknown. Despite numerous reports in the early 1970s that the Soviet government was flirting with Croatian terrorist groups in order to destabilize the Tito regime, there is no hard proof to support this. The possibility that Soviet aid to Croatian terrorists has been given in the past or will be in the future cannot.be ignored. Many Croatian leaders have been very disappointed with the negative reaction from the Western world to their activities. In light of this, it is entirely possible that Croatian repre- sentatives may try to persuade the USSR to support their cause. is V. Yugoslav. Government Response Belgrade pursues an intensive anti-terrorist program at home and abroad that has included diplomatic pressure, propaganda to?discredi t emigre organizations 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X6 25X1 The recent attempts of emigre organizations to settle their differences and present a united, and thus more effective, front has been of major concern to the Yugoslavs. This trend combined with the passing of President Tito can be expected to accelerate anti-emigre efforts Should Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 ~5 ob 3a Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 emigre organizations initiate terrorist activities it is likely they will be met with equally harsh countermeasures. In the past, Belgrade has tried to cooperate with Western governments in curbing emigre extremist acts. The result, however, has often produced a definite strain on Yugoslav relations with the countries involved. Yugoslav officials have repeatedly said that they are unable to understand the Western distinction between legitimate ethnic political activities ' on one hand and anti-Yugoslav violence and terror on the other. The question of how much freedom anti-Yugoslav groups have to operate in Western societies is a major yardstick by which Yugoslavia measures relations with these countries. Consequently, peaceful expres- sion of emigre political views--that is, demonstrations and meetings--have met with great dissatisfaction by the Yugoslavs. The challenge posed by Croatian emigre activists stems not entirely from their terrorist activities. While the violence creates very serious problems, the real threat is that the anticipated increase in Croatian terrorist activity after Tito's death, coupled with pent up Croatian nationalism within Yugoslavia, could present a formidable challenge to the durability of the Yugoslav federal system. Faced with this threat the Yugoslav intelligence services can be expected to resort to extreme measures to counter the emigre challenge. 25X1 25X1 -25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 ANNEX A CHRONOLOGY OF ACTIVITIES SINCE 1962 The following is a chronological list of ,ignificant Yugoslav terrorist-related activities that have occurred outside the United States since 1962. Although not complete, it provides some indication of the nature and geographic scope of emigre extremist activities. In addition, the incidents illustrate some of the retaliatory measures employed by the Yugoslav security service to neutralize the emigre challenge. F-1 ~k November 1962 May 1963 )$ terrorist Stanko Kardum--a member of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood. 25X1 , 25X1 Yugoslav trade mission in Mehlam, West Germany, bombed by Croatian terrorists. 25X1 Nine members of the Croatian Revo- lutionary Brotherhood' from Australia infiltrated into Yugoslavia. The attack was staged from West Germany. The nine were arrested by Yu oslav officials in June 1963. 25X1 Yugoslav Consul in Meersburg, West Germany, was wounded by Croatian. 3C) 30 August 1966 Q!5 December 1966 1967 1g 13 September 1967 worker" in Germany. Yugoslav Vice Consul in Munich, Sava Milovanovic, was killed by Franjo Goreta, a member of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood and "guest Yugoslav Consulate in Sydney, Australia, bombed. apprehended--by-Yugoslav police. - commit acts of sabotage. They were Three members of the Croatian-Revo- lutionary Brotherhood' infiltrated' -into Yugoslavia with weapons, planning to Marijan Simundie, a witness in the trial of Franjo Goreta, was shot near Stuttgart. Goreta was convicted for the assassination. of fa Yugoslav Vice Consul in August 1966. 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 311 18 February 1968 A bomb exploded in the basement of the Yugoslav Ambassador's residence in Paris. One person was killed, and 14 people were injured. Both Croatian and Serbian emigres were suspected. 24 March 1968 18 I $ 13 May. 19 6 8 23 May 1968 3q,35 June 1968 l,~ 13 July 1968 were suspected. The Yugoslav Consulate General in Graz, Austria, was bombed. Croatian emigres The Yugoslav Consulate General in Klagenfurt, Austria, was bombed. Croatian emigres were suspected. emigres were suspected. The Belgrade railway station was bombed; six people were injured. Croatian Chief of Yugoslav military mission in West Berlin was severely wounded by gunfire, signaling beginning of more violent emigre activity. C One person was killed and 77 people injured in a bomb explosion in a Belgrade movie theater. Croatian extremist Miljenko Hrkac was given a death sentence for this crime by a Yugoslav court in December 1975. 25X1 34 28 July 1968 Ig 25 September-1968 26 October 1968 I~ 35 19 April 1969 ~$ 9 June 1969 The Yugoslav Embassy in Oslo was bombed., No one claimed responsibility. Belgrade theater. A bomb exploded at the main railway station in Belgrade, injuring 13 people. A Yugoslav court sentenced-Croatian extremist Miljenko Hrkac to death in December 1975 for this crime and for the 13 July 1968 explosion in a Three prominent anti-Communist Croatian emigre leaders found murdered in a Munich apartment-. General Maks Luburic_(founder of Croatian National Resistance and former Ustasha General) assassinated --presumably killed in an emigre feud. emigres were suspected. A bomb exploded at the.Yugoslav Con- sulate in Sydney, Australia. Croatian 25X6 25X1 25X1 25X1 - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 \aa with was not known. Drago Dolo, a Croatian emigre, shot and seriously wounded Anton Kolendic, head of the Yugoslav military mission in West Berlin. Which Croatian extremist group Dolo was affiliated 29 November 1969 The Yugoslav Embassy in Canberra, is Australia, was bombed by Croatian I"-25X1 emigres. There were no injuries. 25X1 ,~ 7 May 1970 The Yugoslav Ambassador's residence in Brussels was bombed. No one claimed responsibility. 25X1 3'1 1 August 1970 Two Molotov cocktails were thrown . at the Yugoslav Embassy in Brussels. jq 10 September 1970 18 10 February 1971 jy~ 1g 7 April 1971 IG 26 December 1971 3M 135 26 January 1972 No one claimed responsibility. of Croatian National Committee. An unsuccessful attempt was made on the life of Dr. Branko Jelic, a prominent Croatian exile leader and co-founder A bomb exploded at the Yugoslav Consulate in Melbourne, Australia. Croatian emigres were suspected. National Resistance. Two Croatians seized the Yugoslav Consulate in Goteborg, Sweden, and demanded that a number of Croatian terrorists be-released from Yugoslav jails. The two, Ante Stojanov and- Blago Mikulic, along with two others may have been members of the Croatian Miro Baresic and Andjelko Brajkovic, Vladimir Rolovic, in Stockholm. alleged members of the Croatian National Resistance, assassinated the Yugoslav Ambassador to Sweden, A bomb exploded in the Zagreb office of Borba, the League of Communists of Yugo- sla a.(LCY) newspaper, killing one. Croatian emigres. were suspected of mailing the package containing the A bomb exploded on a JAT plane en route from Stockholm to Belgrade, killing 26 of the 27 people on board. Croatian emigres claimed responsibility. They thought that Yugoslav Premier Bijedic would be on board, but he was not. F 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 26 January 1972 3`} 30 March 1972 It 20 June 1972 I~ September 1972 emigres were suspected. A bomb exploded in a Vienna-to-Zagreb passenger train, injuring six. Croatian A Yugoslav tourist office in Stockholm was bombed. No group claimed respon- sibility. 25X1 Nineteen members of the Croatian Revo- lutionary Brotherhood infiltrated into Yugoslavia near the town of Bugoinov in western Bosnia-Hercegovina in an effort to incite armed rebellion. Before being overwhelmed., they killed 13 Yugo- slav security officers. Of the 19, 15 were killed during the raid, three were later executed, and one was given a 20-year prison term. The group had been trained by the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood in Australia. 25X1 The Chief-of Police in Karlobag, Yugoslavia, was assassinated. Yugo- slavia later accused two Croatian National Committee members--Mate Prpic and Ivan Matecevic--of the murder. I~ 15 September 1972 Three members of the Croatian National Resistance hijacked a SAS airliner at Malmo, Sweden (the flight originated out of Copenhagen) and ransomed its passengers for the six Croatians in Swedish jails for the 10 February and 7 April incidents in Sweden. They were allowed to land in Madrid. After being held by Spanish authorities, they were-eventually released and allowed to go to Paraguay. Dinko Sakic played a major role in their release and re- location to Paraguay. 17 September 1972 A bomb exploded in a Yugoslav tourist agency office in Sydney, Australia. Croatian emigres claimed responsibility. 25X1 A member of the Croatian National Resis- tance was later convicted for the crime.- 11 An American businessman, vacationing in Australia, was killed in a bomb blast in an automobile outside a Serbian Orthodox church in Brisbane. Croatian emigres were suspected. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 r J$ 15 Early 1973 February 1974 4 August 1974 Srecko Rover and Dinko Sakac planned to infiltrate 109 Croatian guerrillas to Yugoslavia, but the plan was foiled when Australian police arrested Rover and many of the guerrillas before they left Australia. Croatian National Council was formed in Toronto in an effort to create a world-wide united body to voice Croatian opposition to the Yugoslav government. One person was killed and seven injured in a bomb explosion at a Belgrade rail- way station. Croatian extremists were suspected. F-1 August 1974 Stjepan and Ivan Bilandjic, Franjo ~$ Goreta, and Ivica Simunovic paid an American soldier and a German to steal weapons from a US Army depot at Kaiserslauten, West Germany. 29 October 1974 Two Croatian extremists, Mate Prpic and Ivan Matecivic of the Croatian National Committee, were killed in a shootout with Yugoslav-police in Velebit, Yugoslavia. One policeman was killed. 1$ 1974 Sixteen Croatians in Zadar, Croatia, were arrested and accused of belonging to the Croatian Revolutionary Brother- hood and planning numerous assassinations and acts of sabotage against the Yugo- slav state. F__1 25X1 25X1 Ig 15 November 1974 A letter bomb exploded in a Zagreb post office, killing one and injuring two. The package was sent from West Germany and addressed to a high-ranking Yugoslav official. Yugoslav police arrested Antun Fillcic of the Croatian National Committee during the same month and sentenced him to 10 years for this and other acts of terrorism against the Yugoslav state. I~ 30 March 1975 The Yugoslav Vice Consul in Lyon, France, was shot and severely wounded as he got out of his car in a garage near his home. Belgrade newspapers attributed the shooting to a rightwing Croatian separatist group. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 __.. 13 May 1975 June 1975 17 September 1975 19 1 November 1975 17 December 1975 Ig 19 December 1975 December 1973-.. 1~ 24 December 1975 ltd 1 January 1976 Petar Valic, editor of a Chetnik newspaper in Belgium, was shot in Brussels. Evidence suggests Yugoslav security service was responsible. Ilija Vicic, a leader of Croatian National Resistance, was shot in Stuttgart. Police suspected a terrorist team was dispatched from Yugoslavia for the purpose of killing him, but they had no proof. 25X1 A bomb exploded at the Kreditna Bank in Zagreb. Six Croatians were convicted of this crime b a Yugoslav court in June 1976. 25X1 Pavle Perovic and Josip Ledic of the Croatian National Resistance attempted to assassinate a Yugoslav diplomat in a restaurant in Colo ne, West Germany. The attempt failed. 25X1 Prominent emigre leader Stipe Mikulic was killed in Sweden. emigres were suspected. A bomb exploded at the JAT branch in Duesseldorf, West Germany. Croatian 1977. Stjepan Buconjic was arrested by West German police for preparing three bobby-trapped packages addressed to the Yugoslav Consulate in Munich. Buconjic's source for the explosives was the then Secretary General of the Croatian Liberation Movement, Ivan Tuksor. Buconjic received 18 years for this crime from a West German court in emigres were suspected. A bomb exploded at the JAT branch in Stuttgart, West Germany. Croatian suspected. A bomb exploded in front of the garage of the Yugoslav Consulate General in Stuttgart, causing minor property damage. Croatian emigres were Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 12 January 1976 7 February 1976 A bomb thrown into the terrace of the Yugoslav Consulate in Dortmund exploded and caused minor property damage. Croatian emigres were suspected. murder or prominent Croatian emigre leader Stipe Mikulic in Sweden. The Yugoslav Vice Consul in Frankfurt, Edvin Zdovc, was assassinated by two' assailants. The-Yugoslav Government claimed that two members of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood--Josip Kavac 25X1 and Nikola Milicevic--killed Zdovc in retaliation for the 17 December 1975" 25X6 I IS 15 May 1976-- 1g 6 June 1976 ig 28 June 1976 15 3 December 1976 3 O 15 June 1977 August 1977 A bomb exploded outside. the Yugoslav cultural institute in Cologne, West Germany.- Croatian emigres were suspected. target of the assassination. Joso Damjanovic of the Croatian National Resistance assassinated the Uruguayan Ambassador to Paraguay in Asuncion. Damjanovic mistook him for the Yugoslav Ambassador to Paraguay, who was the real German court. Pavele Perovic and Marko Krpan of the Croatian National Resistance attempted to assassinate-.Yugoslav Consul-Vladimir- Topic in Duesseldorf. Krpan was arrested. Perovic escaped but was later arrested in Canada and extradited to West Germany. On 9 November 1977, they both received ten years for this crime from a West were suspected. A bomb exploded at the JAT branch in Melbourne, Australia. Croatian emigres Emigres placed a bomb on an inter- person and injuring eight. national train; it exploded in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, killing one Three Serbs killed in Toronto garage when bomb they were handling went off. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 28 November 1977 A bomb was discovered outside the Yugoslav Consulate in Lyon, France. Croatian emigres claimed respon- sibility. I~ 4 December 1977 A bomb exploded in a Hamburg-to-Belgrade- to-Bar train near Sentilj, Yugoslavia, causing extensive damage but no injuries. Croatian emigres-were suspected. 2 September 1978 Nineteen members of the Croatian Revo- lutionary Brotherhood dressed in army uniforms and carrying light weapons were arrested near Eden, Australia, and charged with illegal possession of weapons and conspiracy to overthrow the Yugoslav Government. Among those arrested were: Jure Maric, Ante Seric, Ante Mujic, and Ivan Tomic. II October 1978 Bruno Busic,-an extremely active emigre and executive member of the Croatian National Council, murdered 13 January 1980 Nikola Milicevic, a prominent Croat 3a emigre, shot and killed in Frankfurt, West Germany. F7 3. 18-19 January 1980 16 April 1980 Croatian National--Council (HNV) held third annual International Congress in London. Appears-.HNV is entering-a new era which will be marked:. by -.a,. "soft sell" approach in hopes of gaining Western policy support in achieving a free and independent Croatia. It adopted a major policy revision based on principles of moderation and nego- tiation. Dusan Sedlar, leader of Serbian emigres in West Europe, fatally shot in Duesseldorf.- His friends claimed he had been organizing a large gathering of Serbian exiles to be held in that city in May. F-1 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 ANNEX B LEADING YUGOSLAV EMIGRES 1$ ASANCIC, Josip Head of a faction of Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) in Buerros Aires Argentina, which has 100-500 members. 25X1 AVDIC, Ragib Vice President of Croatian National Council Iq,~~ Presidium (HNV)--elected to his second IN, term in January 198 0. He is re sident of Sydney, Australia, Australian branch o and Secre f the HNO tar (C y of the roatian National Committee) . [ 25X6 25X6 0 BARESIC, Miro He was serving a li 1971 murder_of_Yugo Sweden. In:1972--he fe prison slav--Amba was amon te ssa g t rm for the dor to he Croatian 3(0 prisoners exchanged for pass eng ers of a 39 hijacked jet. Late was arrested for vi r he ente sa fraud. red U US and S District Court issued an ord er on 2 A pri l 1980 to extradite Baresic t o Sweden to complete a life sentence. :Recent Croatian terrorist 1g 11 BAUER, Ernest VI BEDEKOVIC, Stjepan 18,Itlal extradition proceedings against Croatian communiques have carried specific threats against any._country..involving_itself.in and Canada have already occured in support of Baresic. Formerly chief of the Military-Political Affairs Committee of the HNV Executive Committee. At the January 1980 elections he was.elected head of the European. Relations Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 activists. --Demonstrations in-Australia-? Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 25X1 I$ BIOSIC, Josip Head of the Spanish branch of Croatian Lib- eration Movement in Valencia. BUCONJIC, Stjepan Member of the West German branch of Croatian Liberation Movement. In 1977 he received 18 years in prison from a?German court,for. attempted assassination.-. He.had prepared three booby-trapped packages addressed for the Yugoslav Consulate in Munich in December 1975. 1 `I (d BUSIC., Bruno d BUTKOVIC, Anton (Josip) Alleged.top member of the Australian branch: of the Croatian Liberation Movement. He - is also connected with other emigre extremist organizations in Australia. d DAMJANOVIC, Joso Killed the Uruguayan Ambassador in 1976 in 10 Paraguay, while thinking that he was assassinating the Yugoslav Ambassador to Paraguay. f~ DESKAR, Mirko DOLO, Drago as Had played a key role in the Croatian National Council as head of the propaganda and publi- cation section. He was shot and killed in Paris in October 1978. Head of Croatian Liberation Movement branch in Stuttgart. Sentenced to 10 years in prison in West Berlin on 17 April 1970.on two charges of attempted manslaughter--one victim was Anton Kolendic, chief of the Yugoslav Military missionlin West Berlin. He was released from prison on 30 September 1977 on condition of good behavior. Currently the Croatian 25X1 25X6 25X6 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 -- 25X1 Ig ?GORETA, Franjo assassinate Goreta. He is now living in West Germany. 25X1 HEFER, Stjepan Member of the West German branch of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood. He was given a 10 year sentence for the assassination of a Yugoslav Consular Official in August 1966. Yugoslavia requested his extradition in 1977, but it was denied. West German police arrested a Yugoslav citizen in 1977 who proved to be 25X1 a member of a Yugoslav "hit team" sent to Succeeded Anton Pavelic as head of the original wing of the Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) and moved the headquarters to Buenos Aires.' He led the HOP on a more- moderate path after.Pavelic's death in 1959. Hefer died in 1973. 7-1 ILIC, Andrija Head of the British branch,of the Croatian.: Liberation Movement. n 25X1 JELIC, Branko One of Pavelic's former deputies from the 1930s. He was a founding member and, head of Croatian National Committee.: Jelic died in -May 1972. I. 19,a9 Vice President of the Executive Committee of Croatian National Council and the President 25X1 of Croatian National Committee. He resides in Munich and may also be a leader of the Croatian Peasants Party. He reportedly declared that there will be a world wide increase in emigre activity following Tito's death. He is the brother of Branko Jelic. 25X1 19 IIK JURISIC, Franjo Secretary of the Stuttgart branch of the Croatian Liberation Movement. 25X1 Head ofethe Croatian Republican Party. One of the founders of the Croatian National Council in 1974. He lives in Buenos Aire %--3 = 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 KOSTRIC, Stjepan 5,1q Ig KRVIC, Joseph LASIC, Vjekoslav Catholic priest residing in Sweden. 25X1 , d t- h b Former treasurer and secretary) of the Croatian National Committee. '' 25X1 Ig "Military Planner" of the Stuttgart branch of the Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP). een invo ve in an i ave Reported to Yugoslav activities. 25X1 25X1 ~oA] LOVOKOVIC, Fabian A leader of the Australian branch of the LUBURIC, Maks Croatian Liberation Movement. 25X1 to be an inter-emigre feud. murdered in Spain in 1969 in what appeared Former Ustasha General, reputed to have been .a war criminal, chief of death camps during the war, and himself an actual executioner. He founded the Croatian National Resistance in 1960--a terrorist group-advocating the:--- armed overthrow of Yugoslavia. Luburic was One of the leading members of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood. He resides in Seaforth, Australia, and is reported to have been a co-leader along with Srecko Rover of the HRB faction "Croatian Illegal Revolutionary Army" established in 1972. In September 1978 he was arrested along with 18 other HRB members at a guerrilla. training camp near Eden, Australia. Heads "United Croats of Canada." I 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 25X1 I MATIC, Ivan visited the USSR in 1974 and gained promises for assistance from Soviet officials. ID MICIC, Tomislav A chief spokesman for new Croatian group called the Coordination Center for Croats Residing Abroad. He organized a recent press conference in Frankfurt; the group advocates violence as means of obtaining a free Croatia. MILICEVIC, Nikola Founder of the Socialist Party of Croatia: Claims to have A prominent Croat emigre shot and killed in Frankfurt on 13 January 1980. He was a member of the United Croats in Germany until. October 1975,.when he left the organization,- after an apparent disagreement with the leader- ship and formed the United Croats of Europe. He was suspected in connection with the 1977 bombing attack on Yugoslav train and the 1976 assassination of Yugoslav Consulate in Frankfurt among other activities. 25X1 NIKOLIC, Franjo" Leader of "United Croats of-West Germany." PASTI, Geza Co-founder of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood .(HRB).in 1961..-Little is known about his background or, -his;- present _ status. Arrested in 1963 by West German police for weapons possession and conspiracy in connection with infiltration of nine guerrillas into Yugoslavia. He received a short sentence. S Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 PAVELIC, Ante Established a radical, right wing Croatian nationalist organization called "Ustasha" in Italy in 1929. The Ustasha is a fore- runner of most of today's Croatian extremist groups. He died in 1959 in Spain. PERCIC, Franjo Alleged leader'of the.HRB in Australia. 19 181 19 18' (AKA: PERICIC) PORIC, No PRPIC, Nikola ROJNICA, No ROVER, Srecko_-- Leading member of the Croatian Liberation Movement in Argentina which he represented at the September 1975 Congress of the Croatian National Council in Toronto and was elected to the Honorary Council Court. F I 25X1 Treasurer of the-Croatian National Council. He resides in Munich and was administrative assistant to Branko Jelic in 1970-1972. -25X1 and for the Croatian National Council. Well-known emigre from Argentina. . He- is a . very successful-businessman and has. been financially supporting anti-Yugoslav terrorist activities. He is reportedly too old to be involved in some of the preparations. In 1974 he sent large sums of money ($20,000-$30,000) to Canada and London for Bilandzic's defense Active member.-of the Croatian Revolutionary-_ Brotherhood. -He was student and member.of the: Ustasha during the war. Persistently advocates kidnaping-o? Yugoslav diplomatic representatives in order to bargain for release of political prisoners and terrorists. Well known as a terrorist organizer. He Lives in Melbourne, Australia, but pursues activities .in Europe. He is reported to be head of the Croatian National Resistance branch in - Australia. SAKIC, Dinko Head of the main branch of the Croatian (AKA: Ljubomir .:National Resistance -.(HNO-L) located . in - Sakic-Bilanovic) :,. nrValencia, Spain.. .Be _served in. Pav.elic'-s_ Ustasha during World War II. He is the son-in-law of HNO-L founder Maks Luburic and claims to be the head of the HNO-L in Europe and South America. has been actively involved in some of the more 25X1 25X1 _____._ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 If 10 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 SARIC, Dane in Australia. spectacular Croatian terrorist acts of the 1910s, though his role in them has not always been clear. He was involved in and possibly planned.the 1972 SAS hijacking. He later became the hijackers' legal representative and solicited contributions for their expenses. In 1974 he brought the six terrorists freed in the 1972 hijacking to Asuncion, Paraguay, and sent them to the "Janko Puzta" camp for guerrilla training. In 1973 he collaborated' with Srecko Rover of Australia to take 109 Croatian terrorists to Spain and eventually stage a raid into Yugoslavia. They had been trained in guerrilla warfare in the Australian bush. This plan was foiled when the Croatians were arrested Head of the Karlsruhe, West Germany, branch of the-Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood. -He.is known as one of the .most active and influential representatives of extremist emigre circles in West Europe. He was a member of the "Lake Constance- Group" of HRB members who were sentenced to prison terms of 5-12 years for bombings .of Yugoslav installations in Germany between 1965 and 1968. 0 25X1 25X1 SARIC, Nediljko In March 1980 he-was sentenced in Yugoslavia to six years in prison for membership in Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (HRB) based in Germany. :..A- Zagreb. newspaper - report claimed Saric joined HRB in Frankfurt in-197.8 while a guest worker in Germany and that he was trained in preparation and handling of "diversionist means" for terrorist activity in Yugoslavia. Apparently his only crime was membership in the organi- zation. F-1 25X1 SCHWARTZ, Mladen Chief ideological spokesman for the new organization called the Coordination Center for Croats Residing Abroad. Serbian emigre leader.. Fatally shot in Duesseldorf, on 16 April 1980. His friends claimed he had been organizing a large gathering of Serbian exiles to meet in Duesseldorf in May. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Ig Ig Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 SEDLO, Tomo SIMUNDIC, Nikola Ivan (AKA: Nedjelko) Co-founder and current head of the Foreign Bureau of the Communist Party. .of -Croatia along with Velimir Tomulic. Ig SIMUNOVIC, Ivica_. One of the leading members of the German branch of the HRB. His last known address was West Germany.(1974). He has 25X1. played an active role in obtaining explosives for extremist activities. 25X1 SVJESIC, Velimir . .Current Secretary General-of the Croatian National Committee (HNO-J) .- 25X1 25X1 9,1 Ig 11 VAROS, Miroslav VIDOVIC, Mirko Co-founder of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood in 1961 in Australia. He was a leading member of the Croatian National Committee but quarelled with B. Jeli~_] and broke from that group in 1958. New Assembly President of the-Croatian National Council elected in January 1980. He is an emigre writer who has lived in France since 1965._-He- returned-to Yugo- slavia in 1971 to visit-his sick mother and after a few weeks was arrested on five charges including the spread of hostile pro- paganda, insulting the head of state, and importijg foreign literature and newspapers. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 He was found guilty and sentenced to four years in prison; after he appealed, sentence was increased.to seven years. Amnesty Inter- national declared him a "Prisoner of Conscience" in'1976. He was released later that year and returned to France. VRANCIC, Vjekoslav As of 1972, he was the head of the Croatian Revolutionary Youth--an openly terrorist group. He is now a member of the Court of Honor of the Croatian National Council. He is also reported to head the 1011 larger and more radical splinter group of the Croatian Liberation Movement based in Buenos Aires. The splinter group is known as "The Provisional Committee for the reorganization of the HOP" and was established-in 1966. VUJICEVIC, Ivan --_ - -.Jailed in Sweden for holding four people hostage in Yugoslav Consulate in Sweden in 1971. In 1972 he was released as a result of hijackers' demands 25X1 This by no means includes all emigre activists. B-9 0 _25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 SUBJECT: Yugoslav Emigre Extremists NFAC/OPA/USSR-EE/EE/ Distribution: Copy 1 2, & 3 29May80) Carl Schmidt, State Dept. Richard Miles, State Dept. Elisabeth Renwick, State Dept. Paul Costalanski, State/INR Stephen Larabee,.NSC Alfred Ennulat, FBI NSA NSA DDO I DDO D/NFAC DD/NFAC NFAC Registry NFAC/Senior Review Panel Ex. Secretary/NFAC Production Board NIO/Warning NIO/USSR-EE NIO/PE C/NIC NFAC/PME/Liaison NSC Pres. Brief. Coord. PPG PPG PPG PDB Staff D/OPA OPA/PS OPA/PS OPA/IID OCR/EE OPA/USSR-EE Chrono C/OPA/USSR-EE/EE OPA/USSR-EE/EE Chrono OPA/USSR-EE/EE Prod. Book OPA/USSR-EE/EE 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6 Iq Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/08/23: CIA-RDP85T00287R000101220002-6