CITY OF VOROSHILOVSK (KEYED SKETCH OF CITY)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A046800220001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 23, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 9, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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FORMATION
-- - -wuug WO
the 'United 18, U.S.C. secs, 799 and 794, the ti'ansrnlaslon or trevela of ionaliDefen which in any manner Within
D ngs Laws, Tl
an unauthorized of the Es to
Person L Prohibited by law.
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COUNTRY USSR (Voroshilovgrad Oblast)
SUBJECT City of Voroshilovsk
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
UAtk., ~ 10~a)
REPORT
DATE DISTR. 9 February 1959
NO. PAGES 8
REFERENCES
The following report on the cit of Voroshilovsk N 48-28
Comment: The Voroshilov Metallurgical plant was the only
significant industry in the city; other local industries were subsidiary.
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STATE X ARMY X NAVY
(Note: Wa~hinyton distribution iedlcated by "
X"; Field dl.,
rib dioe
1 a
AEC
ORR Ev x
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CITY OF VOROSHILOVSK
General Description
1. Voroshilovsk (N 48-28, E 38-48) had a population of about 80,000.
It was partially destroyed during World War II, partiou- 25X1
larly the metallurgical plant and blast furnaces. The old part of the
city was rebuilt with the same type of low, flat buildings it previously
had. There was no new city ordinance covering house demolition in the
old sections of town; some isolated, old houses in disrepair in the newly
developed area were torn down. The new part of the city, the southern
seotion, which was occupied chiefly by miners and metallurgical workers,
was being constructed with straight streets. See sketch 25X1
f
th
or
e names of the principal new streets.
2. Housing was scarce and two or more families had to share one unit; new
units were occupied as soon as they were built. Buildings, usually brick,
were either two or three stories high or fro* four to six stories high,
depending on the section of the city in which they were situated. Two-
story prefabricated "Finnish" houses, made of wood and su`faoed with
granulated slag blocks, were built in several parts of the city. Collective
housing was common because the laboring class was large and there were
many single men. The collective housing was not limited to any specific
area but was scattered throughout the city.
3. The city had no river and no port. There were four small lakes; two of
these were located in the center of the city and received the'waste waters
from the city's plant (see paragraph 7. below).
4. There was an ample supply of all goods except textiles in which a shortage
existed throu
ho
t th
USS
g
u
e
R. There was an abundance of meat, vegetables,
potatoes, and legumes but not of fruit, which was not grown locally, or
of fresh fish which was sold only occasionally in the stat,4..market; nor-
mally, fish was sold salted.
There was an acute labor shortage in the construction industry. Also,
good tailors and dressmakers were lacking.
6. There were no penal institutions; malefactors were sent to other cities
for imprisonment.
Industry
7?
The city had one plant, the Metallurgical and Chemical Coke Plant, which
was composed of two parts, each headed by a director.1'lhe metallurgioal
part was divided into three sections: blast f `urnace, steel furnace , and
a rolling All; each was headed by a section chief.
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The blast Iurnaoe beotion was equipped with two 1,000-metrio-ton blast
furnaces and three 1,393-metric ton blast furnaces. Supplying air4-6the
blast furnaces was a oompressor section equipped with two compressors,
each operating at two' atmospheres. There was also a section for casting
parts for the plant. A five-metric-ton electric furnace of Soviet make
was used for the manufacture of steel. The blast furnace section included
a repair shop, a small forge section equipped with an electric drop hammer,
an 616otrio section, and a water seot o ore dump carried a stock of
about 60,000 metric tons of iron ore could not estimate the amount 25X1
of coke stored because the dump was ye completed and reserve supplies
varied. Coke was regularly supplied as the nearby Coke Plant was in con- A
tinual production. The blast furnace section employed about 120 persons
and an additional 250 worked in shops related to or dependent on the blast
furnaces.
9. The steel furnace Ahop, about 250 x 30 x 35 meters, and: related. shops employed
about 280 workers. . The building was constructed of iron, cement, and
red brick and was equipped with seven steel furnaces of whioh'four had a
production capacity of 250 tons, and the remaining three, of 500 tons.
They were of Soviet make and Martin-Siemens type. There was a Iisker-type
mixer. The shop had the following sections, coke, sorap, preparation of
molds, oooling of mobs, greasing, and preparation of scrap. There.-were
two bridge oranes from which were suspended the wrecking balls which '
crushed the scrap. One 250-metrio-ton steel furnace and one 500-metrib-ton
steel furnace were to be installed.
10. The $heotiholling dill 4eotion employed about 500 persons. It was installed
in a completely automatized $h t
o
00
p ou 4
x 22v x 25 meters. It was a
brick, concrete, and iron structure. There-were three rolling mills whose
production capacity was estimated at about 3,500 metric tons,-which was the'
estimated production of the steel furnaces when the new ones would be in-
stalled-
this rolling mill section was one o e ar
es
g
wor e
sheet metal produced was,betweem five and 30 millimeters thick. The rolling
mill machines worked automatically and there were automatic control tables
which signalled any defect in the rolling. The whole rolling mill was
electrically operated. Repair and assembly shops were adjoining. Indepen-'
dent of these sections was an electric generating plant with ten 25,000
kilowatt generators driven by steam turbines; the boilers were coal-burning.
The building measured about 60 z 40 x 45 meters and was all reinforced.
concrete.
11. The" Coke Plant was located to the northwest of the Metallurgical Plant and
had railroad connections with the main Voroshilovgrad-Kiev line. It em-
ployed about 800 and this number was to be increased as soon as the now
oonstruction~was completed. The plant covered an area of 1,000 a 60 meters;
the new part which was still under construction had the same length, and
was 150 meters wide. This plant was made up of six groups of 60 ovens eaoh
12 gvuOs were planned eventually. There were 12 gas storage tanks vyith their
pumping stations which supplied the pressure for distribution, In this
plant chemical by-products such as bensol, napthalene, masut, and tar were
obtained. There was a small testing laboratory for the plant's products.
12. All construction in the industrial complex of the city was designed to in. 25X1
crease the number of blast furnaces
t
l
, s
ee
furnaces, electric generators
["A~oko ovens. no plans to start new industries
25X1
scarcity of water would have made it impossible
.
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13. Voroshilovsk was in the Donbass area where new mines and mining areas were
constantly being opened up. The coal was not of high quality but it was
abundant.
Transportation
14. A single highway, connecting Voroshilovgrad (N 48-34, E 39-20) with Stalino
(N 48-00, B 37-,48), ran through the northern part of the city, near=the
plant and the railroad station. It was asphalt over crushed gravel and
had good drainage on both sides. The road was open to traffic at all times.
A bus line used the highway, leaving Voroshilovsk for Voroshilovgrad three
times daily, at 1000, 1500, and 1900 hours.
15. The Voroshilovgrad-Kiev (N 50-27, E 30-32) double-track railroad line
passed through the northern part of the city. It was fairly new and trains
were hauled by steam-driven locomotives. The station had a marshalling yard
for manipulation of the many trains loaded with coal, iron ore, and finished
products. The yard connected with the plant sidings. Passenger traffic
was not heavy. A passenger train went to Kharkov (N 50-00, E 36-14) daily
and to Kiev on odd-numbered days. There was no suburban railroad net.
16. In 71953; a, 1;roIJ ey'.bu " line began .operating with six oars, each designed to
accommodate 70 passengers. As of May 1957, the line had 14 oars. Extension
of the route to the railroad station was planned, following the completion
of a tunnel being constructed underneath the city's main plant. The exis-
tent route started at a small square at the plant's personnel entrance and
went along Kuybyshevskaya ulitsa as far as its intersection with Chipgyevskaya
ulitsa t
d
wo an
one-half miles. Shortly before May 1957925X1
25X1
a branch line was started
runnin
from th
,
g
e
n erase on o uybyshevskaya ulitsa and bulvar Mira to the Lima
Sanita
iu
n
r
m,
a distance of about two miles. Bus lines served the city's periphery antd=
went to Voroshilovgrad three times daily. Bus and trolley:bus lines were
identified by their destinations rather than by numbers. There were no
streetoar lines.
17. A metal bridge over the plant near the blast furnaces served as a pedestrian
crossing to connect the old city with the railroad station. When construction
was started on the tunnel which was to connect the city with the railroad
station, bridge traffic was diverted in the middle of the bridge to stairs lead-
ing to the completed part of the tunnel.
18. An embankment had been built which made the crossing of the lakes in the city
possible. Kuyb3rshevskaya ulitsa and ulitsa Karla Marksa ran along this em-
bankment and the water from the lakes passed beneath them through arched cul-
verts with a span of about three meters between supports. The culverts were
composed of cement, slag, and brinks and were as long as the streets were
wide.
19. Vehicles were driven on the right-hand side of the street. Automatic traffic
lights regulated traffic at the main intersections0 There were no traffi.*-
policemen except on holidays or when the handling of large crowds was necessary.
Vehicular traffic was restricted on ulitsa Karla Marksa between btulvar Mira
and Nabereshnaya ulitsa, which was a public walk.
20., There were no airfields, either commercial or military.
Public Utilities
21. The Coke Plant produced industrial gas but did not service the city because
it was not equipped with pipelines although they were to be installed shortly.
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22. The electric generating
plant supplied electricity to the city as well as
to the city's industrial complex.
23. Water came from the Donets River, about 65 kilometers away. It was brought
in through cast-iron piping, but was inadequate to supply the city, espe-
cially in summer, when the inhabitants had to resort to wells. The well
water was poor but the river water was worse; it had a bad taste and had to
be boiled and then allowed to stand because it contained mud, sand, and
other impurities. Some buildings had a pressure um system to aumilt-_7
water to all the upper floors.
a cane was being built from the Donets
as to Azov (K:A7_D7- 9-25 to supply the entire Dcaibass area with
water when this canal was finished, an outlet would be
made to provide the city with good water.
Civil Defense
24? In the Voroshilovsk area no one was in oharge of di reoti
civil d f
so
110 %7 M training and there was no interest in it. Buildings of three or more stories
had shelters. The shelter ceilings were at ground level and measured 2.6
meters from ceiling to floor. Shelters occupied about one-fourth of the
basement floor space; the other three-fourths was used for storage, coal
bins, water pipes,eto. Shelters were bounded by the foundation of the house
and by a retaining wall 60 centimeters thick. The floor was of slag concrete
and flagstone. The roof was made of reinforced- concrete blocks 120 milli-
meters thick, inserted between small I-beams over which concrete was laid to
a thickness of about 100 millimeters. Shelters had slit windows at floor
level with concrete casings; these windows could be filled up with earth in
case of bombardments. The shelters were ventilated by means of oeiling-level
regetere equipped with metal gratings which opened into chimneys that rata
up to the roof. The shelter had a metal door mounted on a metal frame which
was equipped with rubber stripping to ensure a perfect fit when the door was
closed; pressure for a perfect seal was supplied by the common rotating-type
look with two arms and a metal lip that fit in a bevel-shaped groove in the
door frame, supplying more pressure as the lip slid on the bevel. The rubber
stripping was either destroyed or removed by the inhabitants of the buildings;
therefore, orders for its removal were given by the head of the construction
company as soon as the requirements for inspection had been met. The metal
doors of the shelters were between three and four millimeters thick and were
two meters high by 80 centimeters wide,
25. There were shelters for about 40 percent of the population of Voroshilovsk,
It took about one month to build one. As of May 1957, shelters were still 25X1
being constructed, did not know whether there were shelters in theaters
and in public buildings buildings did not have 25X1
shelters although they did have basements; its same was true in the amusement
center and in the Liman City Sanitarium (see paragraph 28, item 62. below).
w
t
ut
ere
wo concrete 25X1
--w
t cane s on the lent `-----
plant grounds which could be used as sh It i
a
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W470 A. necessary.
One, which was still being built as of
May oulaz traffio between the city and the railroad~stawas for tion. pIt was about 400hi-
meter's long, nine meters wide, and five meters in height; it ran about five
meters underground on the average. The other tunnel carried water for the
coolers and purifiers. It was about 1,000 meters long, six meters wide, four
meters in height, and ran about two meters underground.
.Military and Paramilitary Organizations
27. Milit police maintained internal seourit
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Installations
28.
Legend for
sketch of Voroshilovsk:
(1) Coal dump.
(2) Railroad stat
ion.
(3) Station highw
ay.
(4) Metal bridge
for pedestrians, connected to tunnel under
construction.
(5) Residential s
ection of private homes.
(6) Tunnel under
construction for pedestrian and vehicular t
raffic.
(7) Sheet rolling
mill.
(8) Scrap reducti
on.
(9) Scrap prepara
tion.
(10) Six 250-ton a
nd four 500-ton steel furnaces.
(11) Misker-type mi
xer.
(12) Preparation of
molds.
(13) Cooling of mol
ds.
(14) Repairs shop.
(15) Greasing shop.
(16) Cinder-filled
area.
(17,181 Two 19000metrio--ton blast furnaces.
(19, 20, 21) Three 1,393-metric-ton blast furnaces.
(22) Refrigerators.
(23) Gas purifiers.
(24. Settling tanks.
(25) Entrance gate for workers.
('26) Offi
(27) Large refrigerator.
(28) Fire station.
(29) Industrial Bank l?~-
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(30) Tunnel carrying water for cooling.
(3`1) Steam-driven power plant, equipped with ten 25,000-kilowatt generators.
(32) Telpherage for transportation of slag.
(33) Slag dump.
(34) Coke Plant.
(35) New construction, enlargement of Coke Plant.
(36) Slag dump and railroad spur for trqnsport of slag.
(37) Small scientific research laboratory for testing materials; this was
a branch of the Kharkov Scientific Research Institute. A new research
center was planned.
(38) Carbarn for trolley buses and autobuses..
(39) Hotel.
(40) City Council Building. Nearby was a courthouse.
(41) Main police headquarters. This was being replaced by a new building.
(42) Post office, telegraph and telephone offices, and radio station.
(43.45) Orthodox churches.
(44) Tartar church.
(46) Park and gardens.
(47) Market, one-story, measuring about 80 x 30 meters,. used both by
kolkhoz farmers and independent farmers selling fruits, vegetables,
salt fish, meat, and milk.
(48) The factory square.
(49) State warehouses.
(50) Small muddy lake.
(51) Large muddy lake.
(52) Lakes' drainage channel.
(53) Metalurg Athletic Field.
(54) Metalurg Movie House.
(55) Warehouse. State market.
(56) Karl Marks'Palace (movie house, theater, and stores).
(57) Library.
(58) Military police headquarters branch.
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(59) Gastronom
(60) Constructors' club.
(61) Vasileska Lakes.
(62) Liman City Sanitarium was new and located about 2,500 meters
from the center of town. It was comprised of a hospital,
emergency clinic, psychiatric ward, X-ray and radiotherapy
departments.
(63) Sanitarium which was still under construction as of May 1957?
When completed, this sanitarium was to be more important than
the Liman Sanitarium (62. above).
29. A three-story hotel, planned to accommodate 150 persons, was being built
at the point where ulitea Karla Marksa entered the old section of the city.
It had been under construction for a long time and was still not completed
as of May 1957; the reason for the delay s that when the foundations
were to be laid, it was discovered that the ground was not solid and that
new plans and modifications in structure would be necessary.
2. ~~Comment. an incident when, by mistake, a
!rcaa ~f blast furnace parts was destroyed as scrap; a dossier was
reared on all the personnel who might have been responsible.
Nether anyone was punished in this
case, the usu outcome o such a mistake at the very least was
that those responsible found great difficulty in ever securing
better positions.
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