BULGARIAN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY TEXTBOOK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 460
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 23, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 15, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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NQ11) zX
INFOR-MATION REPORT INFORMATION REPO
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY Bulgaria
'XIBACT
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
4
BuUarldnh- Engineering Geology DATE DISTR. 15 October 1958
Textbook
NO. PAGES 1
REQUIREMENT
NO. RD
REFERENCES
GOP",(
v~-
Sni RrF FVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Bulgarian geology textbook published by the State Publishing House
for Science and Art, Sofia in 1958. Bulgarian title for the book
Naruchnik po Inzhenerna Geolog=iao
STATE ARMY NAVY AIR
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A-p A. AHTOHOB, mm. M. EOPAAUKHEB, MHKc. CTP. AHMHTPOB, emc. K. 3JIATAPEB,
A-p C. KEPEKOB, K. KOJIEB, n. JIAJIOB, i mc. H. LIHHOBCKH, A-p A. APAHOB
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no
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Coo is. -1958 r.
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IIPE.LU'OBOP
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reNCKHTe reojioncKH ycaoBH2, xapaKTepmH 3a HawaTa CTpaHa.
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reOJIOrbT H CTpOHTeJIHHBT HHMCeHep, KaKTO H C McTOAHTe Ha aa6opaTOpHHTe 3eMHoMexa-
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AaHHH H nOn eHHH OT xNAporeoiornsTa, C xOHTO He CaMO XHApOreOJIOrbT, HO H HICKekep-
reOAOrbT 9ecro nbTH e npHHyAeH Aa 6opaBH npH CBOHTa HenocpeACTnena nojcKa pa6ora.
OCMHBT pasAea e CbCTaBeH oT reon03HTe A-p JI. AHroHOB H A-p C. KepeKoB. TOA nH
3ano3HaBa KOHKpeTHO c npo6JIeMHTe?KoHTo HHRcenep-reoJlor-bT Tps6Ba Aa pa3pewH npH H3-
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cTBeHMTe BbnpOCH, CBbp3aHH c npHAaraHeio Ha B3pHBHOro Aeao npH npoyqBaHeTo H CTpOH-
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wire 3a6eneMKKH Ha peueH3eHTHTe : Aoq. xaHA. reoi.?MHH. HayvH A. 11eMHpeB, AOU. IH)K.
HHTe yCAOBH$, KoHTO ca Haniue Y H&C.
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F. CTe4aaos x cTapmH Gaye. cbTp. A-p H. Bojua(xee. 1[eABo yyacTNe npH peAaxTHpaaero
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lUOTO ?HSAaHHe, CbcTBBHTenHTe H peAaK[(HATa H3Ka3BaT npeABapHTenao ce6lTa npH3Ha-,
TeAB'OCT.
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1. OGHOBHI4' rEOJIO)KKH 'J AHHM
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A. 1 EOXPOHOJIOFHIHO HOJLEJISIHE, H HHAEKCHPAHE
HA CKAJIHHTE OBPA3YBAHHSI
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nocTaBMT ape6cxx um4)pM. PeAIT Ha nocrasaHe as ws$pMre e'KaKTO npH HaAeKCHpaneTO as
nojrpynHTe (ToHKa 2).
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KIM KOaTO Te npanaaneHcar, C nbpBRTe MaaKH 6yKBH OT AaTRHCKOTO Mann Ha etaza. Byk-
BaTa e eAHa, KOraTO B cboTBeTHHB oTAea HBMa Apyro Ha3aamse Ha eTaac, xoflTO Aa 3ano*wa
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6yKBH, o6HxHOaeno nbpexre cbraacin RAH nbpeaTa raacRa x cneaaallaTa caea Rea cbraacus.
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ABe naTHHCKR 6yKBH, nbpBara OT xOHTO e Ha4aaHara 6yKaa oT MCCTHOTO na88aHRe,a aro-
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ABa oraeaa, CboraeTHHBT HHAeKC ce noay4aea pea cbeaR9HBaHe Ha HuAeKCHre Ha o6eaH-
9aBaHHTe noaeaeHHH: 06e.HEHaB8HeTO Ha RHAexcare ce 6eAew is cbc 3HaUKTe (+) MAH (-).
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neRHB. fpH Hen'MHO o6eaiHsBaHe ce nocTaBs 3HaKIT (-). Ha nbpao MHCTO ce nocTapa HRAeK-
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cm ua reoao)KKH no-Craporo noAeneHHe. HanpHMep o6eAHHgBaHe Ha OTAeAHH XOpH3OHTH OT
eouena H onaroueHa ce 6eneIcH no CaeAHHa HagHH: Pga - Pga. n bmmoTo o6eAHHBBaHe Ha
eoueacxare C OnHroueHCKHTe cenuMeHTH o6age we ce oT6ene)KH C HHAeKCa Pgs+Pga.
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HHTe )HAeKCH :
a) 3a CeAHMeHTH OT MOpCKH npOH3XOA - m ;
6) Aarynea npoa3xoA - I ;
B) - KOHTHMenTaAea HpOH3XOA - C;
r) . . neAHHKOS npOH3XQA - 91;
A) 3a cpauaec c 4AH W Ka , x *Krep - f ;
e) sa EmrAeaocTHOCT Ha ($O MauHHTe - h ;
xc) Moaaca - ml.
Te3H o6oaHayeHHa ce nocTaBHT - npeA aauexca Ha oTAennwre noAeAeHHn; HanpHMep
4)AHWKH oJHroueHCKH ceAHMeHTH : fPg3 ;
AeAHHKOBH KBarepaepHa ceflaMeaTa: eIQ2;
BbrAeHocmI TyponcxH ceAHMeHTH: hCr2t.
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(T. 8), HO nocraBaHHTe npeA rnaBHHa HHAexcos sHaK MaAKH 6yKBH ca oT rpbuxara aa6yKas
Hanpuaep
naaeoreHCKH aHAe3HT: a Pga;
MHOUeH5KH rpaHHT: T N1.
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3HageHHe M ; HanpaMep
rHaftcH or HeonpeneneHa B13pacr gnM ;
naae030NCKH raafca gnPz.
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ce nocTasa BbnpocHreneH 3HaK CAeA HHAexCa, a npH HeOnpeAeneHOCT na reHe3HC8 Ha cbaxIH
BHA BbnpoCHTeAHHHT 3H5K ce nocrasa CneA HHAeKca, 03Hagasaux npox3xoAa MAN xapanepa
H8 CKSAHHS BHA, HanpHMep:
neAnHxoBa cpeAaoxBarepnepmi ? ce1[cMenTH gl Qa?;
AeAHaxosH? cpeAHolcBarepaepnu ceAaMeHra gY? Q2.
2. 0611(H IIPABHJIA 3A HHJjEKCHPAHE HA MAI'MEHHTE CKAJIH
1. HeonyaIcaHK3MbT Ha e4ysHBHare cKanH Kayo Texea xapaK'repea 6eAer He ce oT6e-
nasaa c OTAeaea max. B :r03H CAyualt NHAeKCbT Ha cicaaHHu BHA e eAHHHgeH H cbgbpBCa
B ce6e eH H 6enera Ha HeoByncaHagBOCT. HanpaMep nanapRT (paOAHT) A, 6asairr p, aHAesnT a.
2. llaaeoByaxancxnre e$ysHBHH cxafH ce aHAeKcapaT 'pea npnxpensane as 6yxsare:
? H a KbM OCHOBHHTe HHAeKCH; 6yiBara n 03HagaBa nOp$HpHHH xapaKrep, a ? oxapaKre-
pasapa nopcxHplTHHTe pasHOSaunocm. HanpaMep AHnaparos (paonwron) nopcplp An, aaae-
3HTOB nop$HpHT a? H Ap.
3. CKBAH, KOHTO ce npa acnsoaT KbW e4)y3HBHfTe pa3HOBHAHOCTH, HO nO HagIHHa. Ha
caoero sanaraHe B npupoAara aMar HHrpyailBen xapaKrep,'cbiuo Tan ce MRAeKenpar c
ABOen 6yKBea SHaK. RBORRHRT HHACKCOB 3HaK npH Tag CKama ce o6pasyaa, xaro npeA OC-
HOBBOTO o6o3HageHHe ce nocTasiT 6yKBwTe p m it Cic -CMUOTO $HagemHe (T. 2)."HanpaMep
HHTpy3HBPH KBapUnOpl$M 71.
4. Bca9KH nnTpysHeka H e4lysHBHH cKa.m, Kom no ton Cbcraa npexoxu aT oT eaaa
cxaneH THn,M W Apyr TBKbB H 1113 OCHOBa norosa nuaT ABONHO Hamm (rpaHOANOpHT,
aHAesaro6asairr, rpaxanonepHT), ce xaAexcnpar pea o6euanasaHeTO Ha Asara HHAeKCa ma
ceMepcrnara CKaAH, KIM KoITO npHHaAAexcar, nanpnaep rpaHOAaopar TO. 1lo CB HR Ha'HH
ce aRAeKCHpaT a oHHn CKaAHa THnoae, KOHTO no cbuxecmo uuaT npexoAeH xapaKTep\MexcAy
CKaaxre Ha ABe ceueftcraa. HanpaMep MOHUGHHTbT, KofTo e npexoAea THn Me)KAy ra6poro
a CHeHHTa, ce o6o3Hagasa c 6yKBHTe v9.
5. Hanekcare.na xanoa6HC8AHare H )KHAHHTe HHTpy3HBHH CKaAH ca ABysHagHH, KoraTo
re auaT nop4mpen xapaKTep (nop4HpHa crpyicrype), MAN ca no esuxecrso nop4ap1TH H
Koraro HasnanaeTo aM e o6pasysaao gpes icou6aHapaae Ha HMero Ha cKanHaa Tan C Tep-
MHaHTe ?noP0HP' a nop4 apHT', HanpaMep rpanarnop4nip. KIM HHAeKca Ha CKBJInna THIt
ce nocraBar 6yKBare. -
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a) HH,geKCHpaHe Ha MarMeHHTe CKaAH
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Or HMero Ha nonyoCTpOB Kaaa6pHH, 10. NranHsl
Or narnHCKOTO HMe Cambria Ha allrnHAcKaTa npOBHHUHH Yenc
no HMeTO Ha cenfLIero KanOBett, .HrnHB
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HpoAiAHCeHHe
Kap6oH
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KapH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
BapOBHK
CAa6o AOAOMMTH3HP8H BepOBHK
,fOAOMHTH3HpaH B2POBHK
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100-95
95-80
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Ta6aana
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6eHM8H, 3anuoTo e Hail-yAo6xa npx cbnOCTaBHHHe Ha MacHaHaTe H ceA}1MeHTxxTe cxaax, or
eAHa CTpaHa, H McTaMOp$HHTe, OT Apyra cTpaxa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
rJaBHH THHOBC McTaMOp4)HH CKaJIH
(no EcKona)
H3XOAHN MAN
CbOTaeTCTBYBaWN McTaIOpIpHN
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(Aeacnop)
MarierxTom pyAH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
7. OTHOCHTEJIHH EJIEKTPH4ECKH Cbi1POTHBJIEHHf1 HA HAKOH
N, MHHEPAJIH H' CKAJIH ,
Ta6AHua 1-16
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OTNOCNTe.NO C-b"POTUBMUNS, Oulu
2.104
2.109 =- 3,4.10`
3. 102 -L > 104
2.103 -= 2.104
5.106
10=2. 106
2. 102 -= 2. 104
102 = 106
0,5 -1-10
6.108=5.106
2,5.10 -1,15. 104
0,5 - 7.10
10 = 102
0,4
3.10=1.106
10 -?- 4,5. 102
102 = 106
10-4 -L 10-2
109 =1016
109 '
5. 107 T 5. 1012
5. 1014_1016
1,2.1012-3,2:1014
4.1011
1014=2.101b
2,4. 104 '
1,2. 10"6 ; 3. 10-4
3,6.10-4 -- -6.10-4
KaxTo ce BHWAa or Ta6anuara, c H3Kn1ogeHHe na HBXOM pyAHH, MHHepaan (cmpHT, Mar-
HeTHT), aHrpauiT H Ap. CKaaoo6pa3yBamKTe MHHepanx ce xapaKTepx3HpaT C1C CLsCSM
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Ha BOA3Ta B TAX, KOeTO 3aBHCH rnaBHO OT KOHUeHTpauxaTa Ha coaxrej xluugecxHa CbCras
H TeMneparypara Ha cKanKTe. CbnpoTHueRHeTo e o6paTHo nponopw losaaHO Ha KoHUe$Tpa-
uHATa Ha coABre BbB BoAaTa.
BHCOhoro CbnporHBneHHe Ha MacHBHHTe CUM, BapoaHLXHTe, AOnOMHTHTe H AP. ce o6A-
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nOpHTe H Bp'b3KHTe MexcAy TA$.
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CbnpomsaeuneTo Ha BoAHHre pa3rBopa ce nonnxcasa c nosxmeaue Ha TeunepaTypara,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CKanHTe, KaKTO MacnBHHTe, TaKa x CeAHMeHTHHTe H McTaMOP4)HHTe, He Ca pa3npe1e-
AeHH 6e3paa6oPHO B 3eMHaTa Kopa m no 3eMxara nOBbpxxocT.
MacueHume cxaau, KOHTO C'bCTaBAT Haft-roJAMaTa 4aCT OT 3eMHaTa Kopa, ce pa3KpHBar
ma OrpaHH'leHH npocTpaacma, Tbfl KaTO ca HOKpHTH .Haq-4eCTO OT noaege HAH no-MaAKo
MOHIHH CeAHMeHTH. OrpaHHYeHO Pa3KPHTHC HMaT H McTaMOP4)HHTe CKaan, KOHTO ca npHBbp-
3aHH MHOCO 4ecro K%M KHCeJIHTe MaCHBHH CKaJlH. KaKTO MaCHBHHTe, TaKa H McTaMop4mmTe
CKBAH Ce pa3KpHBaT B Te3H 4aCTHHa'3eMHaTa Kopa, KOHTO BAH3aT B o6cera Ha TeKToreHHTe
B TaKa Hape'elnre CTapH MaCHBH'. Te3H rOAeMH CTpyKTypH B 3eMHara Kopa no H3ocra-
TH4HH IPH9HHH Ca 6naH n0Aa0xceHH Ha HHTeH3HBHO H3AHraHe H TyK ceAHMeHTHaTa H OT-
vaCTH H MeraMop4,HaTa nOKPHBK e 6Haa AexyAHpana. Tbfl Halo Bbaraprn cnaAa C n04TH
ufaaTa CH TepHTOPHSI B o6Cera Ha eAHH TeKToreH - aanHflCKHsI, y Hac, nPOTHBHO Ha MHOrO
ApyrH CTpaHH, MaCHBHHTe m MeraMOp4HHre cKaaH HMaT 3Ha4HTeaHo pa3KPHTHe. ToBa noao-
)KeHHe OT CTpoHTeJHa raeAHa To9Ka e 6AaronpHATHO 3a Hamara CTpaHa.
B BbarapHA, a TaKa e H HaBpeA no CBeTa, Haft-roJAMo pa3npocTpaHeHHe HMaT Ha-
KuceAHTe MaCHBHM CKaAH - rpaHHTHTe. npH TOBa, KOJIKOTO eAHo rpaHHTHO pa3KPHTHe
e no-npocrpaHHO, KaKTO e ay9asT C lOxcHa BbarapHA, TOAKOBa rpaHHTHTe ca no?THHHYHH.
npH MaAKHTe rpaHHTHH Pa34HTHA B CTapa naaHHHa H CrpaHAxca, HanpOTHB, ce Ha6nK)Aa-
baT MHoro6poflHH npexeAH K'bM CPOAHHTe Ha rpaHHTa MaAKo n0-6a3HgHH CKaAH, 03Ha'aBaHH
06iuo KaTo rpaHHTOHAH. CpeAHHTe H oco6eHO 6a3HYHHTe MaCHBHH CKaAH HMBT y naC MHOrO
OrpaHH4eHO pa3npoCTpaHeUHe, KoeTo e BbB Bpb3Ka c o6CTOATeJICTBOTO, Ye BbarapHA He e
nonaAaaa npe3 re0A0xCKOTO MHHaao B THnHUHH reOCHHKAHHaJIHH KOpHTa, B KOHTO Ca Ce o6-
pa3yBaaH Hafl?roneMHTe MACH OT 6a3H9HH MaCHBHH CKaAH. TOBa 06CTOATeJICTBO C6nxo TaKa
Tps6Ba Aa ce oT4eTe Halo oco6eHo 6aaronpHATHO or HH)KeHepHoreoJOMCKa rae.aHa To'Hca,
Tbfl Karo 6a3n9HHTe it yJTpa6a3x9HHTe cxaJIH Ca oco6eHO HenoAXOAsimH 3a CTpoHTencTBOro.
B AA6aHH9, KbAeTO Te3H cxanH 3aeMaT OKOno 28% Or o6ujara nJOlu Ha CTPaHaTa, B MHore
AOAHHH He MoraT Aa ce nOCTPOHT )KeAe3onbTHH JIHHHH, HHTO nbK xu) pOTexHH9eCKn Cbopb)KeHHA_
MemaMopOKume cKaIu ce pa3AH9aBaT no Ab.6oUHHaTa H ApyrnTe yCAOBHH Ha o6pa-
3yBaHe. no T03H 6ener AeaHM McTaMOp4)HHTe CKaAH Ha KaTa-, Me30- H enH30HaAHH (A-bA-
6oKO, CpeAHO, ropHO), KBTO npi nocaeUHTe npoMAHaTa e Hafi?CAa6a. OrpoMHa e pa3Jir cara.
B KagecTBaTa Ha Te3H TPH BHAa CKaJIH. ROKaTo n'bpBHre ABa BHAa, AOKOJIKOTO He ca Bacer-
HaTH OT TeKTOHCKHTe ABH)KeHHA, ca MHoro Ao6pH, HAKOH OT CKaJIHHTe BHAOBe OT TpeTaTa
rpyna ca oco6eHO He6aaronpHaTHH 3a CTpOHTeaCTBOTO. TPA6Ba Aa ce oT6eJA3BaTT nPH Kap-
THpaHe H cTapareano Aa ce Ha6ArBaT npH CTpOHTeACrBOTO CepHUHTOBH7e IIIHCTH K ApyrnTe
HHCKOKpHCTaAHHHH uIHCTH, KO)kTO CbA'bp)fCaT cepHUHT.
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Ta6nxua 1-17).
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Ha CKJIOHa ca He6aaroaPHATHH, rbfl KaTO
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CKJIOHOBH nOKPHBKH C MOIII-
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JIHHHTe Ha uaaa BbarapHa
H B HeoreHa Ha PoAcnxre
'H nanonaeflCTouexa Ha
.npeA6aaxasa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
I
I 9
I 3
B) CnaAKOBOAeH
Haft-pa3Hoo6pa3HH no 3bpHOMeTpBH
B Heoresa H IlaAeoreua
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HpoAbnxceHHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
IlpoAwweHHe
MoAaca (B Mop-
CKH B e3epHH 6a
cefiHH) BbB Bpb3K8
C HHTeHBHBHH B'b3-
XOAHIIIH, KOUe6ared-
HH ABHHCeHHA Ha
cymara
rpy6oo6AOMb9HH, YeCTO nbTH Hecsbp-
3aHH ceAHMeHTH : 6noKa)1CH C 6AoKoBe Ao
HBKOJIKO AeceTKH M3, KOHrAOMepaTH C
IHCCb4HHKOBH npoci09KH. BAOK3MCHTe ca
Heyuo6HH sa npoiapBaHe Ha TyHeAH H
MUM, a CbnzO H sa nOAAOHCKa npH CpyH-
AHpaxe Ha no-ronein *HApoTexHH4eCKH
cbopbweHHH. KoHr.OMepaTHTe H nsm-
HHIHiTe MoraT Aa 6bAaT MHorO A06pH 3a
CTpOHTeACTBOTO
MHoro xapaKTepHH 3a
naneoreHa B CTapa nhIaHHHa
(eK30TH9eH 4)AHw) H OC0
6eHO B PoAonnTe H 3anaA-
Karo ce HMa npeABHA, ve CbIueCTByBa nocreneHeI npexoA Me)KAy TpHTe OCHOBHH
MOpCKH CpauBeca : AHTopaaeH, HepHTH4eH H 6aTHanefI, BBHO e, qe H MelKay ceAHMeHTBTe, KOH-
TO rH xapaKTepH3Hp8T, MOHCe Aa CbujeCTByBaT H Aef1CTBHTeaHO ca HaAHue MHoro6poAHH
npexOAH. 3aTOBa UHCTHTe MepreAH ca n04TH HsKAK)VeHHe, a-peAOBHO ce CpeutaT npexoAH,
OT eAHa CTpaHa, KbM rAHHeCrHTe WHCTH H, 04 Apyra CTpaHa KbM BapoBHIINTe. Bce no
Cbn>,aTa npHgHHa THIMEN 4HCTH BapoBHIIH ce cpeuiaT cpaBHHTeAHO pRAKO. H306HZ0 He Tp66-
Ba Aa ce 3a6paBA, 9e npexoAHTe or eAHH KBM ApyrM CKaaHca Hemo o6H4aAHO H 4e rbK?
MO nopaAH TOW ce HaAarar MHOro 4ecTo CAOMCHH HaHMeHOBaHHH C MHoro.AyMH, NanpHMcp
rjlNHeCTQ-neCbgAHB Meprea H Up,
Oco6eHo roAKMa CKaAHa IMCTpoTa c OrpOMHH pa3AHKH B MHHepaAHHH N,neTporpa4)CKHA
CbCTBB, 31pHOMeTpH)ITa H KKOCTTaHMa Ha Te3H MecTa, rAero Ca CTaHaAH BYAKaHCKH e4)ysHN,
npaupyxceHH C nHpOKAaCTBTH, KOHTO nOKa3BaT N3BbxpeAHO ronftMO pasHOo6pa3He caMH sa
ce6e CN. npH cMecBaneTO HM CbC ceAHMeHTH ce nony4aBa MHO O WHpOKa raMa, OT 4HCTH
nIpoKAaCTHTH AO TY4)HTH, B KOHTO C'bAbp)KaHHeTO Ha B AKaHCKa nenei e HHn1WMCHO. OT
CTpOHTeJHa rJIeAHa T09Ka e MHOCO Ba)KHO, ve TOBa pa3Hoo6pa3He ce oc'btteCTBABa ma HBKOH
McCTa Ha cbBceM KbCO XOpH3OHT3AHO H BepTHKaAHO pa3CTOHHHe. npocaoflKHre OT ry4)H
nouwKOra HMaT MOniHOCT caMO HHKOAKO caHTHMeTpa, npOCAOtlKHTe OT AaBOBH HOTOIIH - CaMO
nnxc KO.MeTpa. ToBa noJoceHHe e oco6eHo xapaKTepHO 3a 143T09HHTe Poaorm, KbAeTO
HMeHHO nopaAH,TOBa HKKOH H3rOAHH XHAporeXHH9eCKH HpOeKTH He MO)Kaxa Aa ce ocbuue-
CTBAT TaKa, KaKTO ce MCeaaeme.
CTPYKTYPHA maorHSI
TeKTOHHKaTa HMa sa 3aaaua Aa H3cnea8a pco6eHocTHTe B Crpoe)Ka H pa38HTHeTO Ha
3eMHaTa Kopa, 06yCAoBeHH OT MexaHHtIHHTe npouecn, npeAH3BHKaRH OT B'bTpewHHTe CHAR.
TeKTOHHKaTa ycraHOBBBa 3aKOHOMepHOCTHTe B pa3B09 Ha Te3H nponeCH H H3HCHBBa npH4HHHTe
sa THXHOTO npo)IBHBaHe.
CrpyKrypHara reonornH HMa no?KOHKpeTHara 3aAaua Aa H3aCHH xapaKTepa Ha oTAeA-
HHTe cTpyKrypa, KOHTO C'bCTaBAT 3eMHara Kopa, Aa rH KAacH4)HIIHpa, KaKrO H Aa AaAe HeTo-
AHTe 3a TKXHOTO HScneABaHe.
3HaYeHHeTO Ha TeKTOHCKOTO pa3BHTHe H Ha CTPYKTypaTa Ha AaAeH y9acTbK 3a XHApO-
TexHH9ecKoro CTpOHTeJCTBO e OrpOMHO H nopaAH TOM TeaH B'HpOCH ce pa3rAelcAaT Hafl-
nOApO6HO B HHMCeHepHOreOJIO)KKHTe m xHAporeoJOMCKHTe AOKAaAH. HMeHHO c orJleJl Ha Tom
Ce AaBaT caeABaIIIHTe nO-AOay Ta6JnluH H (4HrypH. 4)HrypHTe (or 1-1 Ao 1-14) H Ta6aH-
IIHTe 1-20 H 1-21 HMaT 3a 3aAaga Aa yAeCHNT npOeKTaHTHTe m CTpOHTeAHTe npH HS-
nOA3yBaHe Ha reoAOMCKHTe AOKAaAH, a ra6A. 1-18 H 1- 19 - Aa yAeCHAT reof03BTe H
HH)KeHep?reoAOsHTe npH HBYepTaBaHero Ha reOAOMCKHTe, HHMCeHepHoreoaOMCKHTe,,H xHApOreO-
JIOMCK)fTe npo4IHAH.
54
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
TeKToHCKH ABHM[eHHA H CTPyKTYPH
4Hr. 1-1. HopMaaeH naacropeA, o6yeaoBen OT npoAMMZnreaeo TeKToHaco cnoKoAcrsae a.
AaJIeBHA y9acrbK. MopcKH ceAHMeHTH ; cywara ce e EaMHpua oTKbM 6
finr. 1-2. QHCKOpAaKUHR - HecbraacHe Me)K]{y rpHre CKaanH aaApyrn a, 6 B e, _.
EAHa no?cTapa TeKTOHCxa ?aaa e H38AAHAA 07 nbpaoHagaaaoto noaolCOHHe saapyrara'a. EAHa no-raa*a
TeITenCxa 4a3a e HarbH9aa sajpyrnre a x 6, CaeA xoero xaersnsa o6HCo HsAHrane
SKr. 1-3. EnnporeHe3a - OTUOCHTeaHo paBHOMepHO Mum na o6mapun npocrpaacraa.
C Henpe"CHara aHHHI a noxasaao nbpaoHaw4marO noaoxceaHe Ha ronorpa$cxara noBbpzxoCT Na 6aoHa
npeca HsAHrasero. C ny.xrap - CbLCITa noebpzHocT caeA asAHtanero, NO npeAa eposaoinoro paacataae:
4Hr. 1-4. Taaarorene3a - oTHOCHTeaso pasaorepno norbaane na o6mHpHH npocrpaacraa,
Hafl-4ecro cBbp3aHo cbc aaAHBaae OT Mopera:
a - a - cbapereHHa nOBbpzHOCT Ha 6IOxa, ICHTO a Hraaa npeaI Toll Haa0HreaaeTO 6 - 6; a - uw Ha t
MOpeTO, KOCTO a 3IAHaO lbnlla 6AOK CaeA ruaroreresara
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4'Hr. 1-6. 1 H3KIHKTHBHa (pynTypHa) TeKTOHHKa :
8 - absceA -
4OHr. 1-7. Z[H310HKTHBHa (pynTypHa) TeKTOHHKa - 6JI0K0B HaBJIaK :
a - HaBAa9Ha fOBbpxHOCT
(PHr. 1-8. # H310HKTHBHa (pynTypHa) TeK-
TOHHKa - wapHHpeH pa3Ceq.
3a6eAeMM BaanMOOTHOweaeeTO Meway 6AOKOBeTe
A H B OT eAHara H ApyraTA cTpaHa Ha wap-
HHpHaTa To9Ka 0 Ha pasceAa p !
(Par. 1-9. ) H3IOHKTHBHa (pyniypHa) TeK-
TOHHKa - oTCe) 6, raeAaH B nnan:
I AO 7- aftMbOpWMeHTH Ha pa3AH41w Iaopsa-
aim ; a - pasceA. no-CTap OT orcaAaHeTO, T. e.
- XOPHSOHTAAHOTO OTUeCTBlHe Ha 6aoK A,cnpa$o
6AOK B
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4Hr. 1-10. 11AHKaTHBHa TeKTOHHKa (TeKToreHesa B TeCeH CMHCbn Ha .IIyMaTa) - IOpOTHnno
HarbBaHe Ha ceaHMeHTHH 3aapyrH:
a - aHTHKAHHBAa ; C - CMHKJIHHaAa
3a6eAeHa1 AHCxapMOHHgHOTO HaAHnAHHe Ha rANHeCTHTe IMICTOBe Mew y BapoBHTHTe
$Hr. 1-11. 11JIHxaTHBHa TeKTOHHxa (TexToreHe3a B TeceH cu 1ci, I Ha ayMaTa) - caHCOH-
cKO HarbBaue c pa3csaaHe:
a - AHTHKAHHaJIa ; C - CHHKAHHaJIa ; Op 4 ?eKeypa?pa3ceA
4Hr. 1-12. 11aHKaTHBHa TeKTOHHKa (TeKTOCeHe3a B TeceH CMHCba Ha ayMaTa) - 1HOCnyeane,
nOpaAH MHOrO HHTeH3HBeH XOpH3oHTaaeH HaTHCK:
A - AIOCnH ; I - 5 - pa3AngHH IpOpMaUKH (1 - HIB.cTapa, 5 - IIall?MAaAa), pasao,zo etl eAHa BbPI y Apyra
B o6parep peA nopIAH AlocnyIaHero -
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
9KHr. 1-13. 11JIHKaTHBHa TexTOHHKt (TeKTOrexe3a B TeceH CMHC'ba Ha AyMaTa):
N - HaBAINN ; K - KAHna ; n - np03opeQ
4KHr. 1-14. ByJKaHH3bM H HAyTOHH37,M (ByJIKaHCKH H HJIyTOHH9HH
CTpyxTypH):
I - nHpaMHAaAeH nayTOH (6aTOABT B TeceH CMHCbA xa AyMBTa); 2 r aKTHKAHS
HaAON nayTOH (KOHKOpAaHreH no OTHomeHae Ha CKaAHTe, B KOHTO a 6HA aHeApeN);
3 - BepTHKBAeH nAyTOH (AHCKOpAaHTBH no OTHoweHHe Ha CKaAHTe, B KOHTO e
6HA BHBApeH); 4 - KCeHOAHTH B nAyTOHHTe. sarpa6eHH o7 CKaAxHTe saApyrH, B
KOHTO e MHO M HHTpy3HaTa; 5 - HHTpy3HBHH Aarepx N nAOCKK ? raxrH ; 6 -
nAocbx cy6e AxaH C pa3KAOHeHNa 7 - NCHAH ; 8 - cMeceI BYAKBH OT Aaaa H
Tyf IH ; (ByAKaHCKH (OHyC; CTpaTOayJIKBH); 9 - AaaxH naaTa
3 a 6 e a e NC x m : 1. AaACHHTe ma 4111r. 1-1 Ao 1-14 cTpyXTYPH He Isgepnaar orpoMHOTO pa3Hoo6pasle
Ox CTpyKTypH, cpenlaUUI Ce B 3eMHBTa (Copa.j(aaeH1 ca caMO ocsoaa11Te TBnOee.
2. OneeaHH Ca CaMO MBKpOCTPyxTypRTe. MHKPOCTPYXTYPMTe Ca Owe nO-pa8H006Pa811H H fOPAAB TOaa
ce 113611r88 TaxNOTO Ha9OaaaaHe.
3. 3a Ask ce noiy9N B38eCrHa npexcTaaa sa pa3rJIeAaHHTe crpyKTypH, Tpa6Ba Aa ce 11Ma npeABHA, ge
AbJNNHHBTa Ha CSeMAT11uHHTe npo4HAN H H8 cxeM8THgHBTa reoJWNKKa xapra MONCe Aa 6bAe CPeAHO OKOJIO
25 KM. a AbANCHHara Ha Ab.araTa crpaxa ma 6AOKABarpaMaTa - 60 KM.
4. MaxpocrpyKTypHTe He ce pasnpeAeaeHm 6espa360pHO no seMxara nOBbpXHOCT. 3eMHaTa Kopa Ce
pe3AeA11 Ha ABA OCHOBBO p83AH'HH yuaeT'bxa:
a) MAaAN CHAHO y,AbANCeHH 30HH HA HarbUBHe (TeKTOreHH, O reHH). KOHTO Ca ABe Ha 6po9 : aAno?
xMMaAa{)CKA H THxOOKCeamexa. B IrbpBaTA OT Tax cneAa H31XMJIO H rapIH. 3a TeBN 301111 a THnNRHa nAe-
KaTHHHBTa TeKTOHHKa, npHApyweH8 OKOAO THxHB oKeaH H OT LKHOrO HHTeH3HBeH ByJCKaHNTLM.
6) CTBPH 06AaCTH (KpaTOHH), KOHTO C8 6HA$ nOAAOM[BHH Ha HarbaaHHa 8 nO-ABAegHH reOAONCKK BPP-
MeHa H cera Ce npOaaaBaT KATO CT86HJIHBHPaHH. O6HKHoseHO Te ca nOKpBTH C MOUIHH HCHarbHaTH 3UApyrH,
HanpHMep Pycxara nova. nT xa Te11
giCr OT Tesrorelmre H KpaTOreHWTe ca odxeaxam B Ha*.HCBO BpeTe 0T .... w acHa py YP
TOHCKa AaHOCT. KbM Te3H seMH cneAa H 1ONKHa Ba)IrapIIa. ETO saw0 elpeKTbT OT IAHKBTHBHaTa TeKTOHaKa
ce e 3ana3HA 8 HawaTa CTPaHB CalO B CeaepHa BbJIrapHB. ,
58
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6aHUa 3a HagepraBaue Ha reoaowKH npo$wm c eAHaK'ba BepTHKaaeH H xopu3oera
3aBHCKMOCT Me]KA
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AeH Mauta6
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CTBHTeanH9 HaxAOH Ha MacTOBeTe H HaKaOHa, 'nog KofTO ce ABSiBaT ua
aBHCHMOCT 0T 7
maa M
npO4)Haa
B
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,
HocT AO 0,50)
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'brba Me$AY nOCOxaTA (aaInyra) ea aaKHOHa Ha IJIacTOBeTe H npOCTapaf9 TO as npo?pda a rpaAyca
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35 I
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9
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15
15
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14,5
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13
5
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13
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5
7,5
11
5
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6,5
5,5
5,0
4,3
3,5
2,5
1,5
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0
20
1 20
19
5
19
5
,
,
,
,
,
-
0,0
10,0
8,5
7,5
6,3
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3,5
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1
5
0
25
25
,
24
5
,
24
0
19,0
"
18,0
17,5
'
16,5
15,5
14,5
13,0
11,5
10,5
8,5
7,0
5,5
3,5
,
2
0
0
30
30
,
29
,
29
0
23,5
8
23,0
22,0
21,0
19,5
18,0
16,5
15,0
13,0
11,0
9,0
7,0
,
4,5
,
2
5
0
35
35
,,
34
5%
,
34
0
2
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27,5
26,5
25,5
24,0
22,0
20,5
18,5
16,0
13;5
11,0
8,5
5;5
,
3,0-
0
40
40
,
39
5
,
39
0
33,5
32,5
31,0
30,0.
28,0
26,5
24,0
22,0
20,5
16,5
13,5
10,0
7,0
3
5
0
45
45
,
44
5
,
44
0
38,0
37,0
36,0
34,5
32,5
30,5
28,5
25,5
22,5
19,5
16,0
12,0
8,5
,
4,0
0
50
50
,
49
5
,
49
0 '
43,0
42,0
41,0
39,5
37,5
35,5
32,5
30,0
26,5
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14,5'
10,0
4,5
0
55
55
,
54
5
,
54
0
48,0
47,0
46,0
44,5
42,5
40,0
37,5
34,5
30,5
26,5
22,0
17,0
11,0
6,0
0
60
60
,
59
5
,
59
0
53,5
52,5
51,0
49,5
47,5
45,5
42,5
89,5
35,5
31,0-
26,0,
_
20,5
14,0
- 7,0
0
65
65
,
64
5
,
64
0
58,5
57,5
56,5
5S,0
53,0
51,0
48,0
45,0
41,0
36,0
30,5
24,0
,
16,5
8,5
0
70
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,
69
5
,
69
5
63,5
62,5
61,5
60,5
58,5
56,5
54,0
51,0
47,0
42,0-
36,0
29,0
20,5
10,5
0
75
75
,
75
,
74
5
69,0
68,0
67,0
66,0
64,5
63,0
60,5
57,5
54,0
49,5
-43,0
35,5
25,5
13,5
0
80
80
80
,
79
5
74,0
73,5
73,0
72,0
70,5
69,0
67,5
65,0
62,0
57,5
52,0
- 44,
33,0
18,0
0
85
85
85
,
79,5
7940
78,5
78,0
77,0
76,0
74,5
73,0
70,5
67,5
1
62,0
55,5
44,5
26
5
0
90
90
85
90
84,5
90
84,5
90
84,0
90
84,0
83,5
83,0
82,0
81,5
80,0
78,5
75,5
71,5
63,9
,
45,0
0
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
0
1. B XOpH30HTaaHBTe pegoBe e J1ageHo c KaK'bB HauoU ce 9BABaT Ha HagepTanHA
cTBHreneH HaxaoH 1 H pa3aHge I eOnoHcgw npo Ha MBCTOBeTe C ![81[eH 1[ep
a i,rba Me)KAy nocoxara Ha HaUGHa m npocTHpaxneTO Ha npo4Haa.
2. fpn aswaxBo noaoMCeHHe XOpH3oHTaRHHTe Mac?OBe ce oT6eaASBaT xOpH3oaTaaHH H BepmHKaJHHTe - BepTHKaanH; npH npo-
CTHpaHH :ea npo4 u is Tom napaae;Ho Ha npocMpaauero xa nnacrogeTe BCHYKK Te ce gepTaAT ZOpHBOHTaAHH 6e3 oraejl lea Aefi,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6aHua 3a HavepTasaHe Ha reonoH(KH npofpHJIH C pa3nH9eH XOpH3OHTaneH
H BepTHxaneH Mama6
BHAHM HaKAOH Ha nAacTOBe Bbpxy npoQ)HANTe, Koraro BepTHKaAHHaT Mauta6
I e no-rOJaM OT XOpH3OHTaAHHa
AeacTBHTeaeH HaKJIOH
Ha nAacToseTee
01
0000'
0000'
0000'
0000'
50
9055'
14045'
19015'
23030'
100
19020'
29?45'
35000'
41030'
150
28015'
38045'
47000'
53015'
200
37010'
47030'
55030'
61015'
250
43000'
54030'
61045'
66045'
30?
50000'
60000'
66030'
71000'
350
54030'
64045'
70020'
74010'
400
59015'
68030'
72030'
76040'
450
63030'
71045'
76040'
78045'
500
67015'
74030'
78019'
80045'
550
70045'
76045'
80000'
82000'
600
73045'
79000'
81045'
83025'
650
76045'
81010'
83020'
84040'
700
80000'
83005'
84?50'
85050'
750
82030'
85000'
86010'
86055'
800
85000'
86040'
87030'
88000'
850
87030'
88020'
88045'
89?00'
900
90000'
90000'
90000'
90000'
3a6enexcKH:
1. Ta6nHUara MONCe Aa ce H3noaayBa HanpaBO canto B CJIy4aHTe, Koraro nocoKara Ha
HaxJIona Ha naacTOBeTe H npocTHpafHelO Ha npo(4Haa cbBnaaaT HaTrMHo.BbB BCHUKH OCTa-
Hanm cnyvaH Ae4CTBHTe.HHAT HaxnoH Ha nnacToaeTe TpH6Ba Aa 6b)ie peuyuHpaH no Ta6nxua
1-18 H CneA ToBa noay4exaTa npH peAyKUHATa uH(pa Aa ce norbpCH B nbpaaTa rpa4 a Ha
nacTofluuaTa ra6nxua.
2. B xopH3oHTanHHTe peAoBe e nocovexo C Kax'bB HaKJIOH Tp86Ba *a ce HaHacH Ha
npo4)Hna c pawmmeH xopH3onranen H BepTHKaneH Mauua6 AaAeH AegcTBHTeJIeH HaKnoH Ha
naaCroBeTe (pecneKTHBHo peaynHpaH no npeAxoAHaTa Ta6JHua aeACTBHTeneH HaxnoH).
. 11pHMep. 17nacToBe C AefICTBHTeneH HaKnoH OT A300 KbM ceaep Tpa6Ba Aa ce Hanacwr
Ha npo4)NJI C npocTHpanxe 600 H npH Am 111TH no-rOJ1 M BepTHKaneH Mauta6 no caeAHHA
Ha4HH. PenynHpaMe no npel(xoAHaTa Ta6JHua AeficTBHTeAHHB HaKaOH OT 300 H noJly4aBaMe
160. llo Ta6nHua 1-19 160 nonaaa Mexcay 150 H 200, Ha KOHTO CbOTBeTCTByBaT HaKJIOHH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
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BynKaHCIH KOHyCH (nAK0UeHCKH9T BynKaHCKH KOHyC Ko)Kyx npH
TIeTpxq, npepsraH oT CTpyua), ByJIKaHCKH aaBHH nnaTa (pHOAHTOBN
IWiTa BCpeAHHTe H 3anaAHHTe PoAonH C AOCra HanpeAHano pa3py-
waeaue nopaAH 3HaquTenlara Bb3pacr - Kpaa ua oaHroueHa).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. KAACHOHKAUHA HA AOJIHHHTE
Haft-o6nto AOAHHHTe 6HxMe MOrna AR nojemiM Ha TaKHNa, B KOHTO npeo6JIMau
?epo3H9Ta (C OTAeaHn no-LuHpoKH Mecra c aoKaaHO aaTpynBaHe ma Uysmw a ceRHMCHTH), H
'TBKHBa, B KOHTO npeo6aaAaua CeAHMeHTBUHATa. nbpBwTe ce HauxpaT Ha MACTOTO Ha 3eMHOr
rKopHH 6aoKOBe, H3AHCHaJH ce B HeOTAaBHBWHH.reoaoNBCN Bpeueaa RAN HSANrawa ce H AO
AHec, a BTopHTe ce Haunpar Bbpxy seMHOKOpHH 6aeKOBe, KONTO noTbBBT nOaaCTOAweu Has
ca noTbHaAH npe3 MHHaaH reoAoxcKH Bpeueaa, Nan imc ce aauapar sal-uaAKO 8bpxy 6Ao-
KoBe, ocTBHaJH CTa6HJIHH npe3 AbarN reoaoMuca BpeaeRa.
Epo3HOHHHTe AOJIHHH noKa3BaT B cpaaaeHae c aasxHHre, B KONTO npeo6aaAasa C,eAaueH-
TawHATa, no-roBaMo pa3Hoo6pa3He a Morar AS 616Aar KJIacH4 H*HpaHH no?aecao.
Budoee eposuahku doJtuxu
AJUnet;edeKmJui do luHu. npeACTaaJIAaaT CTapa pe'Ha AOnHHN, cbwemyaaan npeAN
HarbBaaeTo, peen, npeAH pa3aOMABaHeTO H H3AHraHeTO na 3eMHOKOpaHre 6IoKoae, B KOHTO
.ce Bpa3aar. Koraro ce BPA3Bar B roJIBM N3AHrau1 ce 6aoK, o6pasyuaT roJIAM anreueueRTeH
npanou: AonNHaTa Ha McKbp MeacAy naaua a JIo3eactcara naamiHa H a 3anaAHa Crapa
nnamNNa ; AoJIaHaTa Ha EJIHAepe me my LIenimo A ropaorpaKadcK>LTa HasaHa, AoIHHara ma
Elan MexUty XBORHeHCICaTa KOTJIOBHHa H Cbntara HN3HNa. Koraro CTapH BHreueAeaTHH peqnH
.AOJHHH npecH9ar umna cHcreMa or rbHKH, ce o6pa3yea peANUa Or.K-bcH aHTeuejeH1n( npo-
JoMH B MecTaTa Ha alTHKJIBHaamTe H AOJIHHHHTe paswapeHNA npa npeCNgaHe na cmaKAHna-
nHre. PeKNre, KONTO Ce CTagaT or 6HAOTO Ha Crapa naafNaa KbM Aynau, no-Cnecuxaano
BHT, OcbM, POCHUa.N RRHTpa, npN npecagalero Ha MBoro6ponnHTe rbRKH Ha npeA6arnaaa
C npoCTHpaHHe 3anaA-HSTOK o6pasyBBT peAHua TaKHBa aHreueAeHrHH HpOJOMH, HapHUHII B
JiTepaTypara a c HIBeftlapCKoTO Hue Kamm. HaR-Tnna'eH npHMep e YCTHeToI Ha flHTpa
MeacAy TbpaoBo H ropHa Op$xoBNUB.
AHTeueAeHTHHTe tlpoJOMH B caaNKarHH KpacraJIaHHH CKaAH Bb6 BCHgKH cJVy aH ca unoro
yA06HH sa BCAKaKBO xHAporexnngecKO CTpOHTeJCTBO. npN allTexxeAearHH nPOJIOpN npe3 ce-
AHMeHTeH HarbHar Tepees HaR-TeCNHre a Tonorpaglcmca Hag-yA06HNre MecTa 3a xNAporexuH-
geCKO CrpOHTeacTBo ca o6ycaoBeHa OT nOBBBTa H8 yCTOagNBH Ha epo aara BBPOBHUH, KONTO
OT CBOA CTpaHB nOBAHraT B'b8 BCHgKN cay'aH abnpoca sa KapcToa o6xOA Ha BOANTe.
CyoceK6eKmKu doduuu. 06paayHaT ce B OCHTe An cHHKaWHanare H a mKANNamne NarO
CHHKJIHHaJHH H allTHKAHHaaHN AOafnHuBa CaeA KBTO Ce BpeNCar AOCrarbgno aHTegeAeNTHHre
AOAHHH, KbM KONTO KOHBeprHpaT BbB BCH'KI cnygaN. CKAOHOBeTe Ha Cy6ceKBeHraNre AOBHHH
ce OTAHgaBar C aana'He Ha Mowea Aeayaaft, Ko*TO upeaNHaea Harope a eApo6noKOaae CNnea.
Cantata ,AOJIHua, MBKap H Aocra mapoKa, e noKpara c rbxKa anyBHamm nOKpHBKa, BOA
ROM OCHOBHBTa CKana e paBHO cpasana. Taxaaa ca MHOro or AOJIHHBTe B npeA6aakaaa a
cneuHaaao cOJHHaTa Ha p. KaJIHrK, AeceH npHTOK Ha BHT. T03H BRA Amman ce 6aaro-
npHHTHH 3a xIAporexaageCKO-CTpOaTeaCTBO B MHCKHTe 'acre, a ne6JaronpaATaa no jmco-
-KHTe gaCTH Na CKAOHOBeTe nopaAN HaAwnIero atB BCHgKN cBy4aa Ha uaoro AeayaaB H cumN.
KoKCeKaeMmKU dOAUMU. )[OJINIHI, KOHM CH BaT HaKAOHa Ba naaCToaere as KOpewmrt
cKaaH. O6pasyaaNN ca owe npN Harbsaaero. Cpeutar ce Canto a caa6o, no HopYaaxo a ..
rbaaTH paaoHN or ceANMeHm,I cKaaH. B 6barapHA ce epeniar NaTO Him peKN B npeA6sa-
Kaaa. BaaronpHATHH -ca 3a BCAKaKbB BHA crpoerencTBo, rba Karl reKar o6nlcaoeeHo aanpase
Bbpxq KopeHHNTe CKaAH.
KanboNu..oaHHH C nOgTH OTBeCRN, B HAKON Cay'aH - HamJIHO OTBeCHH cKnoHoIe,
epoANpaHN a xop4aOBranHB HHH Cy6xOpH3Oara,nm yCroRgaBH Ha epo3NAra BaaCTOBe; No-raro Ce peAyaaT YCTOR'HBN a HeyQTOR'HBH, nJlacToae, ce o6paayaar' HHKOJIKO oraecxa cTU-'
naaa c no-ncaeram CKaoRoae Me)KAy TAX. B Bbax'BpHa - Aoaimara Na P. BHT OT C. %raw
AO CaUOae%, RHTpa noA ropHa OpsxosNga, PyceHeKN JIoM, aao6uto canto a MN3NAcKSTa
nao'a. Cbaceu neyAo6HH as KaaaaHO CTpOHTCACTBO; rbt Kato a nOaeraTHTe 'acTH Na CKaO-
Hoeere Ca noKpHTH cbc Clines, cnycxawa ce or CTpbuaare mu gacmH. YA06HH ca 32 Heano crpoareacrao, No ca c HeyAe6Ha nOAcrbnm 3a npoaopuare. 3a AsoBHpao crpoHTea-
CTBO ca KpaRHO HeyA06BH, rbft Karo ycrofgHaa a naacroee, o xoHTO ce Bps388r KBHboHpre,
ce CbCTOAT Or BapoaHUH. 3aroaa MHoro H3roANx or ronorpaC4CKa rneAHa ro'Ka Mecra as
5130BBppH B MH3HRCKaTa naoga 6Axa HsocraneHH no Ha7KeHepuOreOao*KN cbo6paaceaaa.
Pamo.IiKU u pa3ceduUJ OOiulcU. O6HKHOBeHo npeAcraBaaaaT no-Abram N MHOro 'eCrO
~npabomfHelan AOAHNH, KOHTO He ca o6ycAoBeuH npAKO or pa3noMaBaHeTo a pascmlaaaeTo, a
KOCBeHO. Te MOraT Aa 6bAar HAKOJIKO BHAa:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
a) HacaeAHHUH Ha AbarN 3anbjHeHN Belie e3epHH 6ace1HN, o6pa3yBaHH Ha MACTOTO Hai
rpa6eH (MapHua or Maaxo Benoso Ao HoBa HaAe igia, CTpyMa Mexcay PbicAaBHUa N rpbU-
xara rpaHNua, Mecra 0T EneinnHUa Ao XaR)KHAHMOBO).
6) Ha Mecrara Ha noTbBaIUH 6noKOBe, KalO 3anbJIBaT C'bC co6cTBenHTe CH HaHocn o6pa-
3yBaaulara ce HeraTHBHa 4)opMa (llocnar).
B) RBaBaT ce Ha MACTOTO Ha CHJIHO pa3pymeHN 30HH BbB Bpb3Ka c pa3CAAaHero (14CKbp
Meway CaMOKOBCKOTO H C04,n cxoTO none, CbU1O H eANa vaCT Or AOnNHara Ha 14CKbp B
CTapa nnatrIM. TyK B o611IN JIHHHH npoJIOM'BT e aHTe&eaeHTeH, HO OTAeJIHH YaCTH OT AO-
nHHaTa ca H3nOn3yBaJIH CMa9KaHH 30HH BbB Bpb3Ka Cpa3CeaH.
T03H BHA AOJIHHH ca HeyAo6HH 3a 930BHpHO CTPONTeacTBO, TO KaTO CKaaHTe ca TeK-
TOHCKH 3acerHaTH, a 9ecro n'6rH AOjnHHTe ca H aKTHBHH CeH3MOTeKTOHCKH AHHHH (CTpyMa,
MapHua).
Enu2eriemuriJiu (JoAUKU u enuxexemuexu npoAOMU. AOJIHHH, KOHTO HMaT Ha n"B no-
rneA MHOrO ?HeHOPManeH' XOA - MHHaBaT nocaeAOBareJHo npe3 paNOHH or HeyCTOflvHBH
cxaaH, CJ1e1 TOBa ce 3a6HBaT C TeceH nponoM B nO-yCTOA HBH CKaJH, 3a Aa npeMHHaT naK
B Pa90H OT HeyCTON4HBH CKanH, KaTO SIBHO peKaTa e Morita Aa H3pa6oTN no-necHo ao-
AHHaTa CH BJIABO HJIH BAACHO OT npOJIOMa B CbIUHTe HeyCTON'HBH CKaan. ToBa a6cypAHo
Ha npbB norneA non0)KeHHe ce o6f1CHABa no CneAHHA HaqHH. PeKaTa e TeKna coo60AHo, e
MeanApH, Bbpxy KJIaCTHqHH HaHOCH, KOHTO ca nOKPNBaJIH H MSICTOTO Ha npoJIOMa; C BpA3Ba-
HeTO Ha peKaTa HaAOJIy.rH Ha OTAeAHH McCTa e OCTaHana Bbpxy KaaCTugHHTe CeAHMeHTH H
AOnnHaTa A OCTaHana IIIHpOKa, Ha ApyrH McCTa e CTHrHana Ao nO-CTapMTe H nO-yCTOfl HBH
CKaJIH H B THX HMeHHO e o6pa3ysana enHreHerngeH npOAOM (T. e. nocnepoaeH nponoM,
KOHTO ce e o6pa3yBan caeA pa3roJBaHeTO Ha xopeHHHTe CKanu). T03H BHA AOJIHHH H npo-
nOMH ca MHOTO gecro ABJIeHHe B reoMOp4,oJIo hATa Ha Bbarapun. TaKHBa ca no-ronAMaTa
gacr OT npoaOMHTe Ha CTpyMa - OCo6eHO THnngeH e npoaoMbT KpaKpa npN AHMHTpOBO H
T03H npN C. KogepHHoBO, Ha A*epMan - oco6eHO THnH9eH e T03H npN rp. CTaHKeAn-
MHTpOB, Ha Mecra H MHOro OT HelHHTe npHTOUH, Ha CTpyMeuinHUa npl CaMyHaOBaTa Kpe-
nocr; npoaomHTe no AonaoTO regeHne Ha MapHua; npoaoMHTe no CpeAHOTO TegeHne Ha
TyHAMCa H AP.
Te3H A0J1HHH B nogTH BCHqKH CJIygaH npeacTaBJIABaT MHoro yAo6HH Mecra 3a 930BHPHH
CTeHH C rOACMH BOAOxpaHHJlnnla. EAHH OT Haft-roneMNTe 93OBHpHH CreHH no CBera ca noCrpoe-
HH Ha TaKHBa Mecra. TpA6Ba Aa ce npOyqBaT raaaHo no oTHowenHe Ha Bb3MO)KHH 4)HJlTpa-
UHOAHH 3ary6H npe3 crapH pegHn KOpHTa HJIH e3epHH ceAHMeHTH B o6xoA Ha npOJIOMHTe.
Mudug6epeumuu cnpR.KO meKmoxuxama doAuru. Te 6HBaT ABa BHAa :
a) M a a A H A o a H H H. B eAHop0AeH B AHTOJIO)KKO ornomeHHe repel ; Korar0 ca
o6pa3yBamH B HeAanegHOTO reonoM(KO Mlnano, T. e. xoraTO Ca MaaAH, MoBCe Aa'ca Bpn3aHH
H3U9$o B OCHOBHa CKaaa. roAHH 3a BCHxaKBO CTpoHTencrBO. Y Hac ce HaMNpar raaBHo B-.
HAKOH OT CpeAHO BHCOKHTe naaHHHH, KaTO nPHTOUH HanpHMep Ha p. TononHHUa H CTpyMa.
OTKbM C .. AHa ropa.
6) C T a p H A 0 A H H H. 1,11HpOKH AOJIHHH, cbBceM nJIHTKO' BpH3aHN B crapes AeHyAa-
UHOHHH 3apaBHeHOCTl, nOKPHTH C AeJIyBHN, H3noA KOHTO OCHOBHHTe CUM ce? pa3KPHBaT
canto Ha oTAeaHH Mecra. OCHOBHaTa CKana e BHHarH J1b16OKO H3BeTPAJIa. TaKuBa AOJIHHH ca
BHHarH HeH3roAHH 3a (pyliAHpaHe. Y Hac ce HaMHpar cauo B HHCKHre IUIaHHHH, Karo faana,
CrpanAMca. CbpHeHa ropa, ceBepo3anaAHara gacT Ha CTapa nnaHHHa H BbB .BCH9KH cAygaH
no r0Q HHTe TegeHHA Ha peKHTe.
~eduuKoeu doAu u. ToBa Ca TaKHBa ep03HOHHH AOANHH, KOHTO Y Hac ca nperbpneJiU
npe3 rOPHHA nneNCTOUeH (BiopMa) npeK'bCBaHe B eP03HOHHOTO CH pa3BHTHe, TbN KaTO ca
6KAH 3aeTH OT AOAHHHH aeAHHUH.CaeA C,TOnABaHeTO Ha AeAHHUHTe B KpaS Ha BIOpMa CbnuHTe
AOJIHHH ca HMaJH npo$HJI C MHoro6pofHH nparoBe, 06paTHn naAOBe, 3anbjlnew c e3ep.a,
CTpaHHgHH McH(AHHHH H geaHH MopeHH, BMeCTO HOpMa!HHA 3a epO3HOHHHTe AOJIHHH V-06-
pa3eH HanpeveH npo4mul. 3a IcbCOTO pee OT span Ha BiOpMa Ao AHec (oKoao 12 000 ro-
AHHH) no cKJIOHoBere Ha Te3H AOAHHH ca ce o6pa3yBaBH orpOMHH CHneM, gaCT or e3epara
Ca 6HJIH KOaMaTHpaHH, HO KOpHTOBHAHaTa 4)opMa Ha AOnHHHTe ce e 3anaalna B 06LUK nl
HHl Cbwwara. 13 B1,arapH51 cc HaMHpaT CaMO B PHJIa H llaPHH ; npH no-roneMHTe AOAHHH
(PHncKa peKa, Bean 14CKbp, BbHAepHUa H AaMAHaua) Ao 1100-1200 M HaAMOpcKa BHCO-
gHna, a npn no-MaaKHTe AOJIHHH - AOKbM 1600-1700 M. Te Ca HeyAo6HH 3a CKaTOBH KaHaJH
H BOAOXBaLUaHHA nopan.n HaJIH'HeTO Ha MopeHH H CKJIOHOBH cnnen.
Kapcmoau doAuKu. Te 6nBaT Asa BHAa :
a) 113 U A a o B K a p 6 o H a T e H T e p e H. O6pa3y@aHN ca npH BHCOKO pa3noAo)Ke-
nNe Ha HHBOrO Ha KapCTOBHTe BOAH, BHHarH Cbc CTpbMHH CKJIOHOBe - )KApena;. cb1UHTe'
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
.AOJHHH cAeA nOHHNCaBaHe Ha HHBOTO Ha nOA3eMHHTe BOAR ce OceABaT c Ban03H, BbpTonH H
TIOHOpH, AOnHHara OCTaBa Ha cyxo, npe3 Hen npoTBgar BOAH CaMO HpH CHeroTOneHeH BH-
CoxH Baae)KH. HaA-THIIH4eH npHMep e Cyxo6paKboBCKaTa AOAHBa.
6) C n e n H K a P C T o B H A 0 A H H H. HOpM2AHH ep03HOHHH AOJIHHH, KOHTO nonaAaT
C AOnHOTO CH TegeHHe B Kap6oHaTeH TepeR, B KOHTO C HanpeABaHeTO Ha OKapCTHBaHeTO ce
ry6H Bce nosege H noBeqe BOAa, AOKJTO Haft-nocne 3ano4He Aa ce ry6H uanara BOAa:
THAH4eH e CnyYaHT C peKHTe, KOHTO ce CTH4aT B IORCHa nocoKa OT 6HAOTO Ha K03HHAa H
,ce ry6AT B cpeAHOTpHaCKHTe Kap6oHaTHH CKaAH B MecTaOCTTa MarapetnHHUH.
3. KBATEPHEPHH PEyHH TEPACH B 6bJWAPHR
Ha MHOrO McCTa B b?bnrapAA, OCO6eHO B CpeAHHTe TegeHHA Ha peKHTe,B xbJIMHCTHTe
-H HHCKOUAaHHHCKHTe paflOHH, pe4AHTe AOAHHH, H TO rJIaBHO ePO3KOHHHTe, a Ha McCTa m
anyBHaJIHHTe, ce npHApyHCaBaT OT pe4Hx TepacH. Hap-yecTo B eAHH H Cbul npo4HA Tepa-
?CHTe ca HAKOJIKO Ha 6p011. B noBegero.cayuaH BCAKa eAHa OT TAR HMa ejHa H Cbiua OTTHO-
CHTema BHCO4HHa Ha Abaro npoTe)KeHHe, o6a4e C TeHAeAgNA Ae BaMaAABa Harope no re-
WeHHeTo. TOBa nOAO%egHe e caMO no ce6e CH MHOro ecTecTBeHO, xaTO ce HMa npegBHA, 4e
TepaCHTe ce AbafCaT Ha nOAHOBABaHe Ha Aba6ogHHHaTa epo3H$I, KOaro 3anoqBa BHHarH OT-
KbM yCTHero. no-HHTepeCHo e o6CTOATeacTBOTo, 4e TepacmTe B pa3nH4HH AOAHHH, cnaAauw
KbM pa3AHUHH MOPCKH 6aceflnH, HMaT eAAa H china HAH nogTH eAHa H CbIUa 0THOCHTenHa
'BHCO9HHa Cnp8MO aera0ro Ha peKaTa H noMeHCAy CH. Cbu;OTO Ce Ha6atogaAa H B Apyru
CTpaHH, KOHTO npHHaAaencaT KbM CpeAH3euHouopHero. Ta6anua 1-23 AaBa H3BeCTHH AaHHa
3a Te3H TepaCH C nOCTOAHHa OTHOCHTeJHa BHCO9HHa, 3a KOHTO MoKCe Aa ce CMaTa, 4e ce
AbaHCaT Ha eTanHO HaCTbIIBaUIH enHpOreHHH H3AHraHHA, T. e. H3AHraHHA C MHOro roAAM
o6RBar, 3aCAranuH n04TH QAnara eBponenCKa H npeAHOa3HaTCKa 9acT Ha aAnHACKHA TeKTO-
reH npe3 KBaTepHepa.
Ta6AHua 1-23
Bb3paCT H H83HeHHe
Ha Te
aCIT3
H.Af-4eCTO cpeH{aHaTa
OTHOC
T
A
MoluHOCT Ha
4aKh4HaTa
THHK4HH McCTOHaxOAHIUa
B%arB H
p a
p
H
e
H$ BHCO4HHa. M
noKpHBKa, M
CTapa CHLIHAHilCKa (cb-
90-100
2-10
KaMVHA, ApAa, ropHOro
IuHHCKa CHUNAHNCKa)
TeqeHHe Ha
A ~
r
oPHoro regeRHe
Ha
Omm
MAaAa CHLWJ1Hi1CKa ,
I 56-60
1
3-5
Tonomma, Tyaaxca,
(MHAauKa)
(npH )Kpe64eBO)
THpeHCxa
28-36 I
2-4
1'1CKbp H Ap.
BlopMcxa
15-18
2-8
1'opxa MapHUa, 6eAH
(MOHaCTHpCKa)
14CKbp H AP.
HeonHTHgHa
6-8
1-2
MHoro pa3npocTpaHena
(HHUKa)
EHeOAHTH4Ha
3-5
1-1,5
MHoro pa3npocrpaaega
(BanxancKa)
0,5-10,5
CbapeMeHHa (3aJIHBHa,
0,5-1
(noKpafl 1(y-
MHoro pa3npocrpaaeaa
nofMa)
HaB Ao 23,5)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3a6en'eHCKit:
1. HauepsaHerO Ha OTHoCHTenHara BHCOHHHa Ha TepaCHTe 6H Tpa6Bano na cTasa or
cKaJHOTO A'bHO Ha peKaTa Na AaAeHOTO MBCTO AO cKanaaTa nOAno)KKa Ha vaKbnHTe, KOHTO
nOKPHBaT TepacaTa.
2. MoIuHocrTa Ha 4aKbnuaTa noKpASxa ce yCTaHOBKBa CbC CHrypHOCT canto no coma
HceH nbT, TbA Halo no nepxcpepHaTa Ha TepacaTa TA e 9aCTHgHO CMHTa, a OTKbM CKaTa -
noxpHTa c AenyBHaneH maeA4,.
3. He Tpg6Ba Aa ogaKBaMe, ue peiRHTe TepacH me ce HBHBaT HenpeKbCHaTO no Teve-
HHeTO Ha eAHa AonHHa. O6HKHoaeHo B AalxeH npO4)HJ Te ce HBBBaT HAH OT eAHaTa, HnH OT.'
ApyraTB CTpaHa, H TO paAKO B eAHH H cbm npo4)Kn BCHgKH 3aeAHO.
4. TEPACHH KOM6HHAUHN B BbJII'APCKHTE .ILOJIHHH
Pa3AHgHHTe KOM6HHauIH, nOA KOHTO ce HBHBar KBarepHepHHTe pe9HH Tep3CH B 6bn--
rapCKHTe AOnHHH, Moral Aa ce H3nOA3yBaT 3a H3BAH4aHe Ha MHOrO ueHHN npaKTH9ecKH 3a-
KnK)9eHHS. 14pe3 Tax MoraT Aa ce yCTaHOBABaT uOKanHHTe KBaTepHepHH paAHaJHH TeKTOHCKH
ABH)KeHHB, CBbp3aHH npH nono)KHTeneH 3HaK C no-HHTeH3HBHa eP03H5I, a nPH OTpHuaTeneH
3HaK - CiC 3aCHHBaHe Ha ePO3HOHHHTe AOAHHH C anyBHanHH CeAHMeHTH. 11opaAH Tosa KBa-
TepHepHHTe pegHH TepaCH MOraT Aa ce H3nOa3yBaT c ycnex 3a ycraaosgBaHe Ha MOUIHOCTTa
Ha CbBpeMeHHHTe anyBHanHH ceAHmeHTH B peiHATe AOAHHH. TOBa e eAHH BbnpOC, KOfTO
HHTepeCyBa HCHBO CTpoHTeuCTBOTO H 0006CHO xHApoTexHH9eCKOTO, McJHOpaTHBHOTO, n'bTHOTO
H Mcene3onbTHOTO CTpOHTeJCTBO, nano ara TbpceHeTO Ha 6anacTHepH H T. H. McTOAbT e
6Ha npanaraH MHOrOKpaTHO B EHeproxnnponpoeKT H BbB BCHgKH cnyUaH,Koraro uporH03aTa
e Morna Aa 6bAe npoBepeHa npH CrpoHTeuCTBOTO HAH Cbc COHAaHCH, ce e oKa38ana MHOrO
6niaKa AO AeACTBHTeJAOTO nOno)KeHHe. YKa3aaH9 3a T03H MOp4,ouOHCKH McTOA 3a onpeAe-
xxHe Mou(HocTTa Ha CbBpeMeHHHTe anyBHanHH ceAHmeHTH HH AaBa Ta6uHua 1-24.
Ta6nHua 1-24
reorpa4,cxo pa3np0cTpaxeHHe
B ribaf8pHf1
XapaKTep Ha TexTOHCKHTe ABK)KeHHB'
npe3 KBaTepuepa H MOIUHOCTTI Ha
anyBHaneara noKpHBKa B cbepe-
McHHHTe peen KOpiTa
1. OCHOBHa KOM6HHauHH:
BCHqKH TepaCH C OTHOCH-
renHara BHCO'HHa, AaAe-
Ha B Ta6n. 1-23, ce
968Bar no nporeiKeHHero
Ha AaAeHaTa AonnHa
2. BCHgKH TepaCH HMaT
OTHOCHTeJHa BHCO9HHa,
no-rOAHMa OT nocogeHaTa
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TH C 1-2 M eAbp 9aKbn caMO
B no-roaeMHTe pa3uHpeHHB HAH
nbK HaA nOPOAHHTe KOHyCH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
l
2
a
3. BCH'KH TepaCH C H3-
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5. HaAHUe ca CaO MHeo-
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(AocnaT)
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aayBHaJHH ceAHMeHrH B pegHHTe KOpHTa MOMCe Aa ce npHAara ycnewHo caMO npH ycioBHe,
qe ce pa3AHgaBar CbuuHHCKHTe enHporeuHO o6ycAOBeoH KBaTepxepHH pegHH Tepac OT re-
pacOBHAnHTe 4IOpMH Ha peneq a, AbJMCaum ce Ha ApyrH 4)aKTOpH, xanpHMep noAcegeuH OT
rnaBHaTa pexa HaHOCHH KOHyCH Ha Hef1HHTe.npHTOUH; noicegeHH npH MeanApxpaxero Ha
peKHTe co6cmeal HaHocH; nozcegeHH nPH MeaHAPHpaHeTo na peKHre AeAyaxaJHH cKAo-
Hose - no Aonxnara Ha POCH118 noA Aaoaxp An. CTau6oaH8c,H; crpyKTypxo o6ycaoseHH
aapaaaeaocTH, KOHTO B HBKOH CJIygaH MOrBT Aa 6btaT nOKPHTH H c gawba, npoRaxo)KAalu
OT H3BeTpeJH MHOro no-crapH KonraoMepam, H T. H., a CbUuo a Ha TaKHBa 4aKTopH, Koxro
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nOpOffHH KOHyCH,KOHTO sanpHIUBBT BpeMeHHO TegeaHerO Ha AaAeRa pexa) H HP.
5. MOPqbOJIOH{KH 3OHH B 61 JIFAPHSI
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CTpaHa, KaKTo m oTKbcaegHHTe AaHHu 3a cauHH peaeo noxa36ar CbBceM ECHO, 9e seueno-
BbpxHHre 4)OpMH B BbarapHf( He Ca npbcHaTH 6e3pa36opao Hs uiaara CTpaaa, a ca rpynH-
P8KM 3aKOH0MepHo, m TO raaBHO B'bB Bpb3Ka C TeKTOHCKaTa noAHA6a Ha Biirapxu. ETo
381110 Hue MOMCeM Aa rOBOpHM 3a MOp4)OJIO)KKH 30HH B BiarapuH, KOHTO OTCOBaPHT AO ro-
aaMa CTeneH na TeICTOHCKHTe 30011, 6e3 Aa CiBnaxar HanbaHO C TAX, rbfl KaTO MOpCpoJIOMC-
KHTe 30HH ca 6HAH 110630000 Ao roagMa CTeneH H OT MJIaAHTe TeKTOHCKH ABHMCeHHA npe3
njHOUeHa H KBaTepnepa. Ta6nHUara 38 TexTOHCKHTe 30HH B B irapHH B3eMa 1103 BHHMaHHe
nOgrH H3KaK)'HTeJHo e4pexTa Ha aanHfICKHTe TeiToBcKH ABHMCeHHH Bbpxy CTPyKTypaT2 Ha
bbarapuA.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6AHUa 1-25
Mop4oAoiCxa 30Ha I O6xaar H Hop4 oao)Cxa xapaKTepxcTHKa
1 2
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a) AAyaaaJIHa paB-
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crpa-naK AbOCa H HeroBara nauouenCKa noAao)KKa
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na paBHHHaTa
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KH ep03HOHHH AOJIHHH Ha peKHre, KOHTO ce CTHgaT OT CTapa nAa-
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ABMeHTaunOHHa 3apaBHexocr; B 6nH30Cr C JLyHaB e npenoxpnra OT
AbOCOBH mm, a Ha for ce HBHBaT npOCTPaHHH KaPCTOBH naaTa c
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crbnaAa H H30AHpaHH nJOCKH CHHKJIHHaAHH Bb3BHHIeHHa Me)K4y A'ba-
6oKHTe KaHbOHOBHAHH AOAHHH nopaaH MAaAHTe B7,3XOAA1UH ABHHte-
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cKara rpanHua m Hoc KaAHaxpa, noxpa6 6pera Ha MopeTO, B nose-
raTa noabpxaocrHa (uleKcypa vpe3 norbBaHe Ha MO CKOTO AbHO.
noTbBaHero, o6xBaula m qaCT OT cymaTa. O6pa3yBaT ce AHMaHH
(Wa6Aa, BAaTHHua H AP-)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
37peA6anxaH
Or MHxaAnoBrpaA Ha 3anaA AO 4epHO Mope Ha H3TOK,. MeiCAy
CeBepxo6%arapcxaTa paBHHHa Ha ceaep H cesepHHre cKaoHose Ha
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e ToBa CbCTOAHHe B pa3BOA Ha pene4)a OKOAO JIyKOBHT-JIoBe9-
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TeAHOTO H3AHraHe Ha aHTHKAHHOpH$I e npeAH3BHKaJO HHTeH3HBHa
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Ta Mpeaca Ha KaM'HA B H3TOgHaTa gaCT Ha aHTHKAHHOpHs nopaAH
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ceaep H Ha K)r OT rABBHOTO 6HA0 H cauo eAHH aHTeueAeHreH npo-
AOM - Ha p. lIcKbp. EAHHHgHHTe rpa6euoBH KOTAOBHHH ca BbTpe B
aHrHKJIHHOPHSI H HMaT HeroBOTO npoCTHpaHHe (BOreBrpaACKo-fIpa-
BeulKo-Erpononcxa xorAOBHHa, CoHrypAapcKI KOrAOBHHa H Ap.)
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6HAO Ha CTapa nnaHHxa, Ha ceBep or BMAnHq, JIKMHH, BHrorna, JIo-
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HHBCaBBHe, BCAeACTBHe Ha xoero ca ce o6pa3yBaAH peAHUa xOTnoBH-
HH : Co4)H9cica, CapaHCKa, KaMapcKa, 3AaTHIIIKo-fIHpAOnCKa, JIeBcxH-
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none OKOAo TyHAMCa, AHMaHHTe oKono Byprac). O4)opMABaHero Ha
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npe3 nAHOUeua, KOraTO B Co4mdlccoro none H Ka3aHAIIHKara KOTAO-
BHHa (oKOAO TyAoBo) Ca ce o6pa3yBaAH MHTKH nAHOgeHCKH eaepa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Or K)rocaaBcxara rpaHHUa AO 14epHo Mope, aHTHKAHHOpHR, npeA-
craaeH or rmaHHHHTe BHCKHp, JIK)aHH, BNrowa, JI03eHCKaTa naaHH-
Ha, CpeaHa ropa, BHCOUHHHTe OKOaO RM6oa H Ha )or OT iloAHHOB-
rpaA H cesepHHTe 9acTH Ha CTpawwa, pa3KbcaH Ha oTAeaHH 9acrH
of HanperHHTe 3OHH Ha noTbeaHe, KOHTO o6yCAaBAT H 3a6aaTABaHHA-
Ta B cbceAIkHTe CHHKAHHOpHH. TaKHBa 30HH Ha Hanpe9Ho norbBaHe
OTAeaAT 3anaAHa OT I43TOgHa CpeiHa,-ropa H nocaeaaara - or naoc-
KHTe Bb3BHWeHH31 OKOAO fIM6OA H IIOJAHOBrpaA. T03H aHTHKAHHO-
pHA B CpaBHeHHe c aHTHKAHHOPHH Ha CTapa naaHNHa e 6HA MHOro
no-cAa6o H3AHCHaT H nopaAH TOM nOB'bpZBOCTHHTe 41AeKCypH,KONTO
ro OTAeaAT or C'bceAHHre CHHKAHBOpHH, ca ce 3ana3HAH (He ce e
AOWAO Ao pa3ceAHH pa3K?bcBaHH51), a nopaAH HaAHquero Ha Aocra yc-
TOA9HBH Ha AeHyaaaHaTa cxaJH ep08HOHHOTO pa34AeHaBaHe e MHOro
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pa3KbCBaT aHTHKAHHOpHR Ha oTAeaHH oporpa4)CKH eAHHHHN.
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me, I-OpHorpaKNACKa HH3HHa. Bcii KH HMaT acHMeTpH4eH crpoeac.
I7pH BCHtIKH K)HCHaTa naaHHHCKa orpaAa e OTAeaeHa CbC CTpbMHH
4)aueTHpaHH pa3ceAHH OTKOCH. I1HWeHH Ca OT pe9HH TepacH (HAN
ca HaaHUe CaMO Haft-MAaAHTe). B noBegeTO CAy9aH peKHTe o6pa3yBar
o6WHpHH 6AaTHCTH paBHHHH. O(popMKBaHeTO Ha Te3H KOTAOBHHH np0-
AbaHCaBa H AO AHec. Te ce oraHYaaar C o6WHpHH aAyBHaAHH 3a-
paBHeHOCTH.
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peYHaTa ep03HA BbpRy TeKTOHCKH CTa6NAeH paIIOH. EnHporeHHHHT
nOAeM Ha paloHa B KpaS Ha nAHoueHa e npHgHHa 3a ep03HOHHO
pa3YaeHHBaHe Ha niHoueHCKaTa ep03HOHHO-ceANMeHTauHOHHa 3apaB-
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Aoee
BHCOKO H3AHCHaTHTe YaCTH Ha CpeAHHTe H 3anaAHHTe PoionH ce
npecHVar or verHpH HeoreHHH AenyjAauxoHHH 3apaBHeaocTH:
a) CrapoMHoaexcKa, 3ana3eHa Hal?Ao6pe B Haft-ceBepo3anaAHHTe
9aCTH Ha 3anaAHHTe PoAonH H Ha BaraUKH CHe)KHHK Ha 0x030?
1800 M
6) MAaAOMHoueHCKa, 3ana3ela Ha o6WHpHo npocrpaHCTBO oKOiO
llepceHx, BeraHKa, 6Hnoro Me)KAy Mecra H LIenHHO-j(oCnaT, Ha
OKO)O 1500 M, C o6WHpHa aAyanaiHa vaKbAHa nOKPHBKa B COpHOTO?
reveHHe Ha BeriHWxa peKa.
B) IIOHTHACKa, 3ana3ena BbB BHA Ha o6WHpHH repacH no noBeqe-
TO or ro.neMMTe AOAHHH Ha OKOAO 1280 M, npeMNHaBaula Ha MHOrO
Mecra Ha for OT C. .QOCnaT B o61UHpHH H MO[uHH Ao 80 M 9aKbAH-
uja
r) JleBaHTnAcxa, 3ana3eHa Ha MHoro Mecra Karo repaca B no-To-
AeMBTe AoaHHH, Ha pa3AH9Ha BHCO'HHa - B ueHrpaAHHTe 9acnH Ao-
I100 M, a KbM ceaepHHH pb6 Ha naaHNHara Ao 440 M.
I'IMa Haabnpe)wo pa3Hoo6pa3eH MHKpO- H Me3Ope,e4), BBB Bpb3Ka.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CpeiHH H 3anaaHH
Poaomi
KoraoBHHH no
CTpyMa H MecTa
c ronennTe pasanxH B H3BeTpHaaHeTO Ha cKaAHTe, KOHTO a3rpsHCAar
CpeAHHTe a 3anaAHHTe PoAonH: PHOAHTOBH nAaTa Cbc ci mimes,
BepTHKaAeui OTKOCu,. MpaMOpHH Tepemi C KapCTOBH 4OpuH, 3aO6AeHR
6HA$ B panoaa Na cHAHKaTHHTe Tepees oT KpHCTaxuHHHB uOKsx.
Ha oTAeAHH MecTa BbB Bpbaga c MJUauaiTe pa3AOMa HMa THnH(HH
pasceAea oTKocH : )locnaT ueixay Cbpaaua H C. AocnaT
11o-BHCOKO H3AHrHaTHTe B cpaBHeHHe c Poaonnie cTapl AeHyAa-
UHOHHH sapasnenocTa ca Galin nown Hanwino ymnuo7Keua impBo
oT HHTeH3HBHaTa epo3HH a caeA Toga no pee Ha MABAHR nnegcTO-
ueH (BwpMa) - H OT neAnHuHTe, K0HTo ca saeaa nogTH BcagKH peg-
Ha AOAHHH aaA 2200 M B 3anaaaa Pads H HaA 2300 M B f13TOgEa.
PHAa H 11apan. B no=roderHTe Amman Tesa AeAaaua ca cAHSaAH
MHoro nO-HHCKO - Hag-HHCKO B AUAHHara as BeAU! HCKb Ha 1090 M,
Karo ca oTAeraAH MopeRH a ca npeo$opraBaAH penega. He no-xaaxo
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HeTO Ha AeaHHUHTe, KoraTO ca HacTbnHAH orpOMHH o6pyWBaIHH H
e 3ano9Hano 3anbABaHe Ha naaHaacxnTe esepa, KoeTo e aOBeAO AO
THXHOTO UAAOCTHO HAH aaCTHUHO yHauuoHCaBaHe. BCAKaKbB BHA crpoa-
TeACTBO a Piva H flapaa Tpa6Ba Aa BOAH CMeTKa 3a HaAHgHero H&
AeAHHKOBHTe H caeAneaHHKoanTe 3eMenoBbpXHH 4lopMi, KORTO B no-
BegeTO cAygan ca He6AaronpxHTHH sa cTpOHTeACTBOTO
Pa3AOMHBaHHATa BbB B %3Ka C TeKTOHcKHTe npOUeCH B Eregcxara.
o6aacT ca npeiH3aHxaAH no bBaHe Ha MHoro6pogHH 6noKoae npes
nAHoueaa. Te ca 6HAH sanbJlHenH c nJIHOUeHCKH ceAHMeHTH. CAeA
nOBTOPHH ABHHCeHrA a KpaH Ha nlaOUeHa, a no McCTa H no apeue
Ha KBaTepHepa a AO AMC, nAHOUeHCKHTe ceaauewTH ca 6HAH noa-
AouxeHH Ha HHTeH3HBHO ' pa3MHaaHe, B'bB Bpb3Ka C KOeTO ca ce nOAy-
9HAH fAOCKH xLJBloBeC MHOrOOBpa3H a nO-IHpOKH pe'HH KOpHTBr
noKpHTH c gaKb.ffiua : KIOCTeHAuncxO none, KoRepHHoacKo node, Baa-
roearpaAc,o none, CHMHTAHgcKa KowoBuHa, MenHHunko-ClHaaHCKa,
Pa3A0HCKa, roueAedgeBCKa. 11pH BpH3B8HeTO Ha peKHTe B WIHOuea-
CKHTe ceAHMenTH ca ce o6pa3yaaaH MHoro enareaera'HH npoaoiim
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1. Aix r H p e A, I'. - CTpyKTypHasi reoaorHH, MOCKBa, rocreoaH3AaT, '1956.
2. B e a o y c o B, B. B. - OCHOBH6te BOnpocbi reoTeKTOHHxH, MOCKBa, roCH3AaT . Jfli1 -
paTypbl no reoaorHH; 1954.
3. B o H 4 e B, E K. - reoaorHH Ha BbarapHB, CocmHw, HayKa H H3KyCTBO, 1956.
4. r y m e H C K H 11, B. M. - OCjloBbi reoaorHH Aas CTpOHTeaR, MOCKBa, rOCH3AaT
.aHTepaTypbl no reoaorHH, 1949 r.
5. )K H H b 10, M. - CTpaTHrpa4)H4eCKAH reoaorHH, Han. HHOCTp. .HT., MOCKBa, 1952.
6. .11 y 4 H 11 K H Il, B. 14. - COKpauleHHl~[N KypC neTporpa4 nH, MocKBa, YraeTex-
lx3AaT, 1948.
7. .l1 y 4 H H K H 1, B. H. - 17eTporpa4)HH, T. 1, T. 2, MOCKBa, 1949.
8. McTOAHgeCKoe pyKOBOACTBO no H3y4eHHIO H reOaorH4eCKOI1 CbeMKe YeTBepTH4HbIX
.oTao KeHHfl, MOCKBa, roC. Hay4HO-TexH. H3A. aHT. no reoaorHH, 4aCTb 1-ag H qaCTb 2-al, 1955.
9. H a a H B K H H, Y4eHHe o lpauHHx, MOCKBa, 143A. AH CCCP, 4acTb I-as,
-hcTb 2-ag, 1956.
10. OCHOBH Ha reoaorHHTa Ha BbnrapsH, rOAHnIHHK Ha JIHpeKIjHBTa 3a npHpOAHH 6o-
raTCTBa, T. IV, 1946.
11. q a p bi r H H, M. M. - O6xuas reoaorHH, MOCKBa, rocH3AaT He4TT. aHT., 1956.
12. 9 A e a b Ill T e fl H, f1. C. - OCHOBM reOMOp4)OJOCHH, MoCKBa, 1947 r.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
II. DH3HKO-I'EOJIO)KKI4 SIBJIEHHg
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
c 13HKO-reoJ1o]KKHTe HBJIeHHH, KONTO ce npOHBHBaT B. HaWH AHH Bbpxy 3euuara KOpa,
AeRcTByBaT C paain wa CKOpOCT, HO KpaNHHHT pe3yJITaT OT Tax e eAHH - 3aagNrejno H3Me-
HeHHe Ha HeAHOTO CbCTOaHHe, Ha6JIK)AaBaHo B MOMeHTa. Te3H H3ueHeBHa o6HKHoeeHo ca
He6JIaronpHHTHH sa HHHceHepHHTe cbopbwwenHH H Tpsi6sa Ao6pe Aa ce n03HaaaT. ETO 3atuo
TyK me ce CnpeM Ha no-xapaKTepHHTe OT Tex, KOHTO Ce Ha&HoAaBar MSCOBO y HaC B
BiArapHH.
A. HOBbPXHOCTHA AEHYJtAUINSI
fl*bpxHOCTHaTa AeHyAal;Ha (nOBbpxHOCTHHBT CMHB - Ha pyCKH), KOITO ce H3Bbpwiaa
nOA AelCTBHeTO Ha noB'bpxHOCTHO CT'ngatuara ce BoAa no CKAOHoBeTe, e KpafNO pasuo-
o6paana, saHloro 3aBHCH or MHoro 4 ICTOpH: a) CKBAen CbCTBB Ha CbOTBeTHH$ paaoH,
6) KAHM*THgHH YCAOBHH H rAaBHO KOAH9eCTBO, BHA H pa3npeAeasHe Ha BaAe)KHTe, B) MOp$O-
rpa(PcKH' ?H Mop(OK1aoscKH yCJOBHB H r) pacmTerHa noxpHBKa.
1lpH ToBa noAOMCeHHe sa HHTeH3HTeTa Ha IHHB?bpxHocrHaTa AeHy.9auua B Hamara crpaua
Moran Aa ce AaAar CaMO Haft-o6mH yKa3aHHa. BbnpeKH TOW re ca Bce naK noae3nH, Tin
KaTO ABBaT npeAcTaBa sa CKopocTTa Ha 3anbABBHe Ha MaAKHTe BOAOeMH H OTKPHTHTe KaHaJIH,
3a HaJIO)KHTeAHOCTTa OT no-wHpOKN HAH no-TecHH'6epMH, 3a Heo6xOAHMOCTTa OT 3aAecH-
Bane H Ap.
1loBbpxHocrHara AeayAaana e HaA-HHTeH3HBHa npH nOAycKaAHHTe BHAose, rAaBHo M
reAHTe a AHCKnre, TbR Karo re H3BerpsBaT Hafl-6bp3o. Ha.OBcnreAHo e Aa ce oT6eAewwH
3erHCHMOCTTa MewAy BOAOnponyCKAHBOCTTa Ha AaAeHH CKaJH H THiHaTa noAarAHBOCT Ha no-
BbpxuocTHO AeHyAHpane : KonncoTo Boaonpon yCKAHBOCTra e no-roAHMa, roJIKOBa no-Maaxo
BoAa Ce CTnga no CKnoua H TOAKOBa no-Caa6a e nosspxHocrnaTa AeHyAauHa. ToBa AH'H
Hag-A06pe npH KapcToBHTe TepeHH, Aboca, nHpoKaaCTHTaTe H HBKOH ayJncaHHTH. RoBbpxHocT-
HaTa AelyAaaHa He e eAHaKBa nPH eAHH H Cb)a BHA cKaJIH C pasaHrna TeK?oHCKa o6pa-
60TKa HpH p8BHH ApyrH ycAOBHa: 6HOTHTOBHTe rnafcn B HHKOM gaCTH Ha PouoniTe o6pa-
3yBaT rCTpbMHH CKaJKCm OTKOCH, no KOBTO noBbpxHOCTHaTa AeHyAaUBR inpaumgecKH
orcbcTByaa ; 6H0mTOBHAT FHafc B CbceACTBO C HCKbpcKara AHCAOKaIIHH B rheas a ,RoseH-
cKaTa njannea e nOAAOMCeH Taxa HHTeHSHBnO Ha noB?bpxHocrno CMHBaHe, qe ca ce o6pa3y-
BadH AeayaaWHN HaCHnH, MOIUHH HaA 1O-mHa Merpa, KOnro npoxmmcaaar Aa ce HarpynBaT
Hecmipao H AO AHec. ABHO e, qe eAHH OTKPHT Kama, KoNro 6s 6HA npoKapaf npes ?eK-
TOHCIW HapyHleHHre 6HOTHTOBH ruafcH. 6n Tps6aano Aa 61Ae npaApyncen or AocTarbgno
IHHpona 6epMa H AopH or OTTOgiu KaHaBKH HaA KaHaaa.
06uto BaeTO, ro)uiwuaTa cyMa Ha BaneiCMTe Ha Aaaeao MaCTO e BaMCHa, saigoro no-
rOaeiwre KoAngecTBa yCKOpsBaT AeHyABI(HATa, no He no-18AK0 3HageRHe MMa pasnpeAeaa-
HeTo Ha Beaencnre apes rogHHara. Oco6eao MHTea3HBna e noB'bpxnocraara AeRyAauHH B
KAMMATwlml.paAoHH- C npoMeanHB KAIMaT (cyx m BAancea). Toga ycnopaBa H3BerpaBaHeTO H
nosaoAAna BbageACTBHeTO Ha fOB?bpxnoCTHo Tegau18ra BoAa Aa npoHNKHe no-g'bn6oKo. O6age
Haa-ronaro 3HageHHe HM8 6es ciMnenne HaTen3Hrembr Ha Baae)KHre: KparxorpahHHre no-
pOAHH Ab)KAoae CMHBaT B HHKOAKO Baca nosege Marepuani, OTKOAKOTO TnxHTe AbA1'orpaaaa
BBAe)KH B regemne-Ha OCTaHaJIara gacT OT roAHHBTL ETO santo BCHgiH Te3H KJnfuprm4HH
oco6eHOCra rpa6Ba Aa ce orgHTaT, Koraro ce Aaaa nporHOSa 3a HHTeH3ITera Ha no8.bpx-
HOCTHMA CURB.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Haxaonbr Ha cKnOHOBeTe Hrpae Cbnlo TaKa pelnasaiua pones. ronAMO e H 3HageuHera
Ha eKCno3HUHHTa. CKJIOHOBeTe C K))KHO H3ao i eHHe ce AeHyAHpaT no-6bp3o. B THXHaTa
OCHOBa ce HarpynBa nOBeqe AeayBHA. I4306Hjo HaA-MHoro J JIyBHA ce cb6Hpa B OCHOBBTa
Ha Te3H CKAOHOBe, KOHTO AHeC He ce nOAMHBaT, a TOBa ca rOpHHTe pb6ose Ha pe98HTe
TepacH, KOHTO no Ta3H npHVHHa ce noKpHBaT C MOLUHH AenyBHanHH wnetilpOBe. Te Tps6Ba
Aa ce HMar BHHarH npeABHA npH npoy4BaHe Ha nnOIuaAKH, KOBTO ce pa3noAarar Bbpxy
pe9HH TepacH. CTapHTe pe9HH 9aKbJIH, KOHTO ca T'b3 yJo6HH 3a 4yHAHpaae H KOHTO ce
TbpCHT nopaAH TOBa OT npoeKTaHTHTe, ce'HaMHpaT TOAKosa n0-nAHTKO AO nOBbpXHOCTTa,.
KOAKOTO noBe9e ce OTAanegaBaMe OT CKAOHa H OTHBaMe KbM pi0a Ha Tepacara.
OrpOMHa e pOAHTa Ha paCTHTei aTa nOKpHBKa 3a 3a6asaHe Ha noBbpxHocT.HaTa AeHy-
AauHH. rbCTHTe BHcoKocTb6AeHH ropes MoraT Aa H cnpaT nogrH HanSHHO, no-caa6o npOTHBO-
AeACTByBaT peAKHTe ropH 6e3 noAnec H ropCKa TpeBHa nOKpHBKa(KeJIaBH ropu), Ao6pe npo-
THBoAeACTByBaT rbCTHTe AHBaAHH TpeBHH HOKpHBKH. O6paTHO, Oco6eHo ce yiecHHBa no-
BbpXHOCTHaTa AeByAaUHH npH pa3OpaBaHe Ha AaAeH CKJIOH H nOpaAH ToBa KaTO nbpaa
CTbnKa KbM orpaHHgaaaHe Ha nosbpxHOCTHaTa AeHyAauH51 Tpa6BaAa ce npeliopb9a cnapaHe'
Ha pa3opaBaHeTO Ha CKAOHOBeTe, KaTO CAeA TOBa ce npeMHHe KbM no-cKbnaTa H H3HCKBarua.
noBeqe pee MHpKa, 3a Aa ce npOHBH AeAcTBHeTO A - 3aAecaBaHeTo.
6. EPO3HS1 H ASPA3Hq
Epo3HOHHaTa Ae$HOCT Ha peKHre AHec npeACraBAHBa B MHOro cny9aH 3Ha9HreJHa npo-
6neMa npH cTpoHTelICTBOTO. Ero 3auuo nOHHTHeTO epo3HH ce Hy)CAae or yro9HHBaHe.
Tpa6aa Aa oT6eAeacHM npeAH BCHgKO, 9e MHoro 9ecro CIBCeM HenpaBHAHO BCH9KH npo-
uecH, KOHTO Ce H3BbpwBaT n0A Bb3Aef1CTBHeTO?Ha B'bHnIHHTe CHAH, H oco6eH0 nOB?pXHOCT-
Hara AeHynauusi, ce o3HaqaBaT KaTo ep03HE. )KeJaTeJHo e T03H TepMHH Aa ce 3ana3H cable
3a pa3pyuIHreAHaTa Aef{HOCT Ha KOHueHTpHpaHHre BOAHH TOKOBe, T. e. Ha peKHTe. flpH TOBa
Mo)Ke HCHO Jla ce pa3AN9aT Asa BHAa epo3HH : AbJI6ogHHHa epo3HA, K09TO ce npOHBHBa camo
B`yAbA6aBaae Ha KOpHrOTO Ha peKHTe,, H CrpaHHHHa epo3HH, KOHTO ce nposBHBa a pa3py-
IDaBaHe Ha 6peroBere.
14 ennara, H Apyrara epo3HH ce H3Bbp[nsaT xaxro npBKO OT BoAaTa, Taxa H or Hocesns
OT BoAaTa cxaneH Marepxaa, KOHTO AeACTByBa Halo nHaa Bbpxy cKaJHre TIOA H OKOAO KO-
pHTOTO Ha pexara.
14HTeH3HTeTmT Ha ep03HATa 3aBHCH OT xapaKTepa Ha CKaJIHTe H OT pa3pycHHrenaaTa
AefHOCT Ha BouaTa. TiA KaTo nocJleAHara or caoH crpaHa aaBHCH rnasHo OT Hamm Ha
peKaTa, HBHO e, 9e BCHKa npOMHHa B HHBOTO Ha KOpHrOTO B AOJIHOTO TegeHHe, T. e. B epo-
3HOHHH9 6a3HC, me ce oTpa3H no efiHH HJIH Apyr Ha9HH Bbpxy pa3noJo)ceHHTe no-rope
y9ac buH Ha cbuxara peKa. Tpa6Ba Aa ce OT6ene)KH, 9e BcHKa To9Ka no TegeHHeTO Ha eAHa
pexa npeJCTaBJHBa ep03HoHeH 6a3HC 3a BCHlKH no-BHCOKO pa3noaoHceHH OT Res TOUKII. Tosa
06CTOHTeaCTBO He rpa6Ba Aa ce 3a6pans npH Cb3AasaHero Ha BOAoxpaHHAHB1a, rbfi KiTO Te
npoMeHHT 3Ha9HTeJlHo epO3HOHHaTa AeflHOCT Ha peKHTe, KOHTO ce BAHBaT B AM HO BOAo-
xpaHHAHHIe.
TpH 9aCTHH CAy'aH npH ep03HOHHaTa AeAHOCT HMar cneuaaJiHO 3HaqeHHe 3a HHxce-
HepHara reonorHH H axe 6bAaT CnoueHaTH HaKparKO.
1. Ep03HOHHa AetHOCT Ha KbCHTe peYHH npHTOIIH B HeCBbp3aHH H fOAyCBbp3aHH ce-
AHMenTH, npH KOHTO ce noay9aBaT Aba6oKH oBpa3H C n09TH orBeCBH CTeHH (npH soAOnpo-
nyCKJIHBH CKaJIH, HanpHMep 9aKbAHTe H naCbuHTe Ha nAHoueHa a Ca9AaHCKO, romeAeA4eB-
CKO'H AP) HAH AOAHHH C MHoro HenpaBNAHa 4)opMa Ha CKAOHOBeTe nopaAH canagHHia (npH
ruHHH HCeAHMeHTH C rAHHeCTH npOCJOAKH). CKopocrra, C KOHTO ce pa3BHBBT OBpa3HTe, e
3Ha9HTeulHa H Tps6Ba Aa ce HMa npeABHA npH nonaraaero Ha HH)KeHepHH CbopbnceHHa
6AH30 AO THx.
2. Epo3HOHHa AeAHOCT Ha no-roAeMHre peKH BbpXy CKAOHOBe, H3rpaAeHH OT 3ApaBH
cxaAH, npH isoeto ce nouylaBaT 4eCTo nbTH nOAMHBaHHH H MaJIKH o6pyuiBaHHf1.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3. Ep03HOHHa Aef1HOCT Ha rOneMHTe peKH Bbpxy co6cTBeHHTe HM ceAHMeHTH npH nbn-
HoBOAHe H BHCOKH BOAH, npH KOeTO ce nonygaBaT 6bp3H BHe3anHH H3MeReHHH B nonowe-,
HHeTo Ha perHHTe KopHra, CneAoBaTenuo npH npoygiaHe Ha MACTOTO 3a eAHO Cbop1.)KeHHe
B AaAeHa AOAHHa TPa6Ba Aa ce BHHMaBa He CaMO Aann MACTOTO ce 3aJHBa, HO AanH HaHO-
cHTe HIM Aa.6bnaT oTHeceHH npH no-BHCOKH BOAR gPe3 noAKonaBaHe. THnwleH e CaygaaT
c p. KaMgaa npH C. Acnapyxoso, 3acipalnaBanla C pa3MHBaHe He3aJHBHaTa Tepaca, Bbpxy
KOHTO ce paanonara eAHH oT cmJl60BeTe Ha AanexonpoaoAa 110 KV foaAHoarpaA - fjeBHL.
HbpBOHaga.lHo cTbn6bT ce e HaMHpan Ha 80 M OT 6pera, Ha Kpaa Ha 1955 r. e 6HJ cauo
na 53 M C TeHAeHUHA ToBa pa3CTOAHHe Aa ce HaMaJH ogle noBege npe3 CneABaluHTe ro-
AHHH. ,1Tpyr xapaxTepeH Caygatl e AefHOCTTa Ha p. ApAa npH KbpAwaaH. TyK pa3MHBaHeTO
Ha 6pera, cbcTaBeH oT xonoueHCKH,npeAHMHO necbgaHBH Hamm Ha cauaTa p. ApAa, cTana
npHgHHa 3a pa3pywaBaHe Ha ABa OT BOAOB3eMHHTe I(aaAeHUH Ha OJOBHO-UHHKOBHA 3aBOA.
A6pa3HOHHara AetloCT Ha MOpeTO Y HaC He npeACTBBAABa oco6eaa npo6neMa, Yam
HanpHMep B' ApyrH crpaHH, xaro AHrJHA, XOnaHAHA H AP., H 3aloBa HaMa Aa ce cnxpaue
Ha Hef.
B. CPYTHIIIA H CBJIA4Hll[A
4lecro IrbTH no pee Ha HH)KexepHO-CTpOHTeJHaTa AefHOCT Ha goBexa ce noaygaear
no-CTpbMHH OTKOCH (n%THH H MCene3OnbTHH*TpaHH1eH H AP.), KOHTO ce npHApyxcaBaT noHa-
Kora c noaBaBaHeTO Ha ABHH(eHHR Ha 3eMHHTe MACH. 17pH'HHHTe 3a Te3H ABHxceHHa noA
AeACTBHeTo Ha rpaBHTaLHITa ce KPHAT B npeouOJIHBaBe Ha cbnporlBaeHHeTO cpemy Cpa3-
Baee B peAHua TOgKH Ha CKanHHH MaCHB. I10paAH Toga qaCT OT T63H Macus, orpaHH9eHa or
HAKaKBa nJOCKOCT, 3anogBa Aa ce Xab3ra no Ta3H IIJOCKOCT Bbpxy Heno) BH1KHaTa, ycrofl-
gHBa Mama maca.
A6pa3HOHHaTa AefIHOCT Ha uopeTaTa H e3epaTa m epo3HATa Ha peKHTe, KOHTO ce Bpa3-
BaT B AaAeH 3eMHOKopeH 6n0K H yBeaHgaBaT HaKnOHa Ha cKnoaoBere, CTaBaT CbwO raxa
geCTO n'bTH npHgHHa 3a npsiKO Bb3AeflCTBHe Ha rpaBHTauHATa Bbpxy CKaJIHHTe MacH, KBTO
npeAH3BHKBaT TSIXHOTO 6bp30 ABH)KeBHe. CnopeA xapaxTepa Ha TOBa ABHN(eHHe ce pa3nH-
gaB3T CpyTHwa m CBnagHHja.
CBnagHHiaTa ce AenaT Ha C b B p e m e H H H (no-piAKO HMa m CbBpeMeHHH CpyTHnla),
KOHTO ce pa3BHBaT AHec, H C T a p H (oco6eHO geCTO HMa CTapH cpyTHwa), o6pa3yBanH ce npe3
reoaon(l(OTO MHHaAo. IlocaeAHHTe MoraT BHHarH Aa o)KHBeaT`, TbA xaTO 3eMHH MaCH, KOHTO
ca 6HAH nOAJIOHCeHH eAHH nbT Ha Cp93BaHe, caeA TOBa no-necHo ce Cpa3BaT, OTKOAKOTO
3eMHH MACH, KOHTO He ca 6HJIH nOAnaraHH Ha CPH3BaHe. 3a HHH(euep-remora e Ba)CHO o6age
Aa pa3nugaBa He cacao CbBpeMeHHATe H Crapxre CHJlaganua H CpyTHaua, HO H TepeHHTe,
KbAeTO TaKHBa aBneHBa owe He ce Ha6nIouaBaT, HO B KOHTO CbMUeCTBBBaT 6naronpuwrnH
sa ToBa yCJOBH$ H 6Hxa MOCnH Aa HaCTbIIST B 6JH3KO BpeMe. B Ta6nxua 2-2 ca AaAeHH
6ene3Hre, no KoHTO MOH(e Aa ce CbAH 3a onacaocrra 0T noaEaBaHe Ha CBnaquwa H Cpy-
THnla B AaAeH pafoH.
I'. 17POIIA,gAHE
AbOClT H HHKOH JIbOCOBHAHH ceAHMeHTH, 03HagasaHH xaro ,uaKpOnOpbO3HH*, HMaT na-
6HJIHa crpyxrypa m npH no-o6HnHO BOAOHacnwaHe Ce caarBar MHoro 6bp3o, a npH HaTo-
BapBaee - AopH- KaTacrpo4 aiHO. BoAaTa, npOHHKBanla B nboca, paarBapa qaCT OT COJHTe, c
Kcero ce orcJa6BaT AO H3BecTHa creneH Bpb3KHTe Me)KAy gaCrHUHTe. CBl psaHa nbpBOHa-
ganHo OT KOJIOHAHaTa qaCT H xyuyca Ha abOCa, KOHTO BHBarH HMa H3BeCTHO KOJHgeCTBO
pasnoMepao pa3npeneaeH xyMyc, BoAaTa ce noeaa CneA rOBa H OT nopHre, AOKaTO 3an04He
Aa Hauanasa KpHBHHaTa Ha McHHCKyCHTe H no-HaTarbK Aa pa3eAHHasa gaCTHuHTe. 110 T03H
HauHH Bpb3xwTe owe noBeqe OTCna6BaT, TpHeHeTO H cuenneHHeTO Hamann H O6[UHAT
KOMIIJIeKC Mo)Ke Aa 3aeMe no?nnbTHO nonoH(enne. T03H CTpeMe)C KbM yl1JTTHaBJHe ce o6A-
ciABa H C npapoAHara He oynnbTHeHOCT Ha nbocoBere nOpaAH TexHHA eOnHgeH nponsxou.
O6CTOHTenCTBOTO, ge eApHTe MaKpOHOPH He ce paspylllaBBT HanbaHO, ce o6acwisa C6c cso-
AoRoTo AefcrBHe Ha yllnbTHeHaTa Bege OKOJIOBpbCTHa Maca. RCHO e, qe npH CbWOTO nOAO-
H(eHHe, xoraTO JIbOCbT e.HaroBapeH, TOR we AaBa owe no-roneMH H no-6bp3H nponaAaHHA,
HaPHgaHH H C pyCKara AyMa npocaAKa. IIpH BOAonponyCKau n Cbopb)KeHHs 3a eAHa rOAHHa
nponaAaHeTO BbB BeprHKanHa nocoKa MOM(e Aa HaAMHHe I M Ha nnow c paAHyc Ao
20-25 u.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6nHua2-1
HHnKeHepHoreonoa ka KAacH4,HHan(H9 Ha rpa8HTa1WOHnHTe ABHH(eHH9 Ha ckaJHHTe MACH no CKJIOHoseTe
(npeAHMHO no r. C. 3oAOTapes)
BHA Ha
ABNH(eHHeTO
OCHOBHN 4)aKTOpH, KONTO npeA-
H3BHKBaT HAH noinOMaraT
ABN)KeHHeTO
06pyn1Bane Ha a) II3BeTpHBane Ha CxaAHTe
3ApaBH H pOXKa- npH CTpbMHH CKAOHOBe
BH CKaam. 6) FoaaMa CTpbMHHHa H BH-
1. CMbKBaxe Ha
CKaAHH MaCHBH
C Hanpo6ABaHe
no BpeMe Ha
CMbKBaHeTO
(CpyTHlua)
2. CMIKBaHe Ha
OTAeAHH 6A0-
KoBe (06pyn1-
Bane)
3. CHneH
COMHHa na CKAOHa
B) HanyKanocT Ha CKa.Hre
r) CeH3MH4HH yAapH
A) f1oAMHBaHe, ocoGeHO npH
HaKAOH Ha naacroBeTe H
Ha r)aBHHTe nyKHaTHHH
KIM AOAHHaTa
C i iu o
pH 6AOKOBe C TTOHM9K H 3eMAeCTa Maca McKay THR C
AocTa roAeMH H MaAKH KyXHHH, OCo6eHO npH no-npec-
HHTe cpyr9aHHA.,LBH1KeHHe Ha CpyTeHHTe MacH no
paBHa nnocxocT. CnyTBaHHHTa He ce noBTapsT, ocneu
B cJygaHTe, npexO)KAan(H KIM CBAagHn1aTa. MoraT Aa
ce CMATaT 3a CTa6HAH3HpaH Tepees ocBeH npH %HApo?
TexHHgecKH CIOpb KeHHA, KOHTO AoBe)KAaT CpyTHnlaTa
B AOnHP CbC 3aBHpeHN BOAHH Maces HAH MOraT Aa ce
o9aK8aT HaBJ1a)KHnBaHHA OT KaHamH HAH TyHe)H
)J.BHBCemHe no nAOCKOCT
OBAawHHBaT, xoraTO eAHH HIT ca
ce o6pa3yBaAH
2. Zia ce BHHMaBa npH noAcH4a-
Hero Ha CKaTOBe, oCO6eHO npH
HaKAOH Ha nnaCToBeTe H Ha rnaB-
HHTe nyKHaTHHH KIM AOAHHaTa,
3a Aa He ce o6pa3yBaT HOBH cpy-
THnUa
U. C B A a q H Hz a (CKOpOCTTa Ha ABH)KeHHe H A1A6ogHnara, AO KOHTO AoCTxraT, Ca pa3AHwHH, npeAHMHO 6bp3H ABHNCeHHA no gHKAOHaa
CiC CpR3BaHe; pa3BHBaT ce B pa3AH1HH 4)opMa4HH, HO npeAHMHO B rJHHeCTH)
4. CBAagHHua-
CpyTHHla
a) I43BeTpABaHe H o6pa3y-
BaHe B nyKHaTHHHTe H
AHaCTpOMHTe Ha osna)K-
HeHa rJHHecTa CMa3Ka,
no KOHTO 3anogBa OTKbC-
BaHe Ha CKa)HHA 6AOK
6) CTpbMeu cKAoH c Ha-
KAOH Ha nhaCTOBere H
rAaBHaTa nyKHaTHHHa CH-
creMa KIM AojHHara
B) Cessumqut ynapH
,jBH)KeHHe HO nAOCKOCT, B HagaAoTO Ha waTa Mama
MaCa, KOHTO no-HararbK ce HaApo6nsa Ha oTAeAHB
KICOBe
1. OrpamHgaBaHe AocTbna Ha
noBIpxHOCTHHTe H [K)A3eMHHTe so-
AK gpe3 KananKH H ApenaxCH
2. H36ArBane Ha noACHganHgTa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
11poAlaxceHNe
BHA Ha
ABHHCeHHeTO
5. C8na4HHla-Ra-
BaBnH
6. CBAa4Huia-nO-
TOIIH
OCHOBHH 4,aKTOpH, KOBTO npeA-
H3BHKBaT HAN noAHOMaraT
ABH)KeHHeTo
a) 14HTeH3HBHH BeprhKaaHH
TeKTOHCKH ABH)KeHHA C
pa3nH4eH 3HaK
6) CTpbMeH CKJIOH
B) CeH3MHgHM yAapH
r) r10A3eMRH BOAH, nOAMO-
KpAnIH nernoro Ha csJla-
4HHIeTO
a) H3MeHeHHA Ha KOHCH-
CTeHIIHHTa npH OBaaHCHH-
Bane C aTMoc4epHH,HOA-
3eMHH H Te%HH4eCKH BOAR
6) noAMHBaHe AOJIHHA Kpaf
Ha CBaa4HIUHHA HOTOK
B) yrn tuo KaBaHe Ha pacm-
TeaHaTa IIOKPHBKa
r) AOnbJIHHTeJIHO HaroBap.
BaHe Ha rOpHara 4aCT Ha
CKJIOHa
A) cTOnaHCKa AeaHOCT Ha
4oaeKa
CbCTOAT ce OT 3ApaBH IIAJOCTHH CKanHH MaCHBH C r0-
aeMH pa3MepH - MHOrO MHnHOHH M3, KOHTO ca ce ABH-
HCeAH no UJIOCKOCT C orpaHH4eH, AOPH MHHHMaaeH Ba-
KnOH. B MHOrO Cny4aH A2BaT BHA Ha HaBaauH, o6ycao-
BeHH OT TaHreai{HaaeH TeKTOHCKH HaTHCK
NMaT CpOpMaTa Ha JIeAHHK, C HeraTHBHa uHpKyCOnOA06-
Ha IpopMa Ha r0PHH9 KpaN, C Ho4TH OTBeCeH OTKOC OT
KIM 3ApaBHA CKaT. pipes 6bp3o ABHHCeHHe ce 06pa3y-
BaT 6naTa, a npH MHOro roneuH cBaM4aHHH AOpH H e3e-
pa. Haaoay CneASa e3HKIT Ha CBaagnu eTO C MHOrO-
6poAHH Hanpe4HH nyxHarHHH H BTOpHgHH cTbnana, a
RaN?OTAOny HMa H3AyBaHe. ,TIBHHCeHHe no UHKAOHAa Ha
HMnyACH, C HenpeKICHaro nOAHOBHBaHe Ha ABH%eHHeTO,
oco6eHO Koralo CBaa4HI11ero ce nOAMHBa OT pexa HAH
ce nOACH4a H3KyCTBeHO. Pa3MepH OT HAKOJIKO AeceTKH
McTpa Ao HAKOnKO KHd oMeTpa, o6HKHOBeHO OTHouleHHe
TO Ha AIJHCHHaTa CHPAMO WHpHHaTa is Aba6o4HHara
e 6: 3: 1. HaKJIOHIT, nPH KOATO 3an04Ba CBJIH4aHeTO,
3aBHCH OT ecTeCTBeHHH OTKOC,H brbJla Ha BbTpeIHHOTO
TpHeHe, KaKTO H OT HaJHgHeTO Ha C,HATpHpaULH naaC-
roBe, n03BOJIHBaIgH oBJaBCHaeaHe Ha-OCTaBaaaTa Mact.-
Crapes ABneHHR,? npH KOBTO Ca a3-
KaK)4eHH OHCHBAB3HHA H He Ca He-
06%O,AHMH HHKBKBH npeAna3HH
MepKH
L. OrpauH4aBaHe Aoc bna Ha nO-
BbpZHOCTHB H noA3eMHH BOAR
pea KaHaBKH H ApeHaNCH
2. EcxapnspaHe 3a HaMaJIABaHe Ha
Toaapa
3. 3ara3MCAaae Ha Cb3AaAeHHTe
HPH CBnH4aHeTO, HepasHocTH C
oraeA Aa ce orpaHHqu HaTpya-
BaHeTO H HH4)HATpHpaHeTO Ha
nOBbpXHOCTHH BORN
4. 3anecasaHe c Abpaecaa paCTH-
ZeAHOCT C A'ba6OKO npOaHKBan1H
xOpeHH (npH ManKH H nJIHTKH
CBaa4HWHH nOTOuH)
5. EneKTPOEHMH4ecxo yxpenasaae
-6. OrpaIuf aBaHe- aeAuaeaHC OTO H
H36ArBaHe Ha HaKyCTBeHOTO nOA-
cH4aHe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45000620001-3
BHA Ha
ABHHCeHNeTO
OCHOBHH,4,aKTOPH, KONTO npeA-
H3BHKBaT HAH noAnoMaraT
ABHHCeHHeTO
Ill. C o a ti c) a y x u H H (6aBHH ABH)KeHHH c nnHTbK 3axsaT H roaaM o6BaT)
7. Mac(,BO nov- 'a) 1'l3MeHeHHe Ha KOHCH-
BOTe4eHHe CTeHI(HBTa (pa3KHCBaHe)
npH npeoBAa)KHBBaHe Or
aTMOC4)epHHTe BoAH
6) Pa3Apo6HBaxe Ha Mare-
pHaaa H pa3pywasaee Ha
CTpyKTypHHTe Bpb3KH npH
3aMp'b3BaHe H pa3Mpb3-
BaHe, npH H3CbxBaHe H
HaMOKpHHe H noA Ael1cT-
BHeTO Ha KOpeHHTe Ha
paCTeHHHTa H )KHBOTHH-
CKHTe OpraHH3MH
8. gBm)KeHHe Hai a) Koae6aHHH Ha TeMnepa-
oTAeaHH Kanter-1 Typara
HH 6aoKOBe (Ka-1 6) OB4a)KH51BaHe Ha noA-
McHHH Mopera, no)KKara
KYPYMH)
BasHO ABHMceHHe, Ha MaaKH cKOKOBe npe3 Baa)KBHTe
ce30HH; nOBbpxHOCTHHre 4aCTH ce ABH)KaT Hatt-6bp30,
B Aba6o4HHa ABmmceHHero 3arabxBa nocreneHHO. 06-
wHpeH o6xBaT, 6e3 BCHH rpaHHUH, nopaAH nocreneHeH
npexoA KIM He3acerHaTHTe 9aCTH Ha CKIOHa
aBH)KeHHeTO ce H3mpwBa no or0aeHHTe CKaOHOBe u
npH HaxaoH Aopx canto 5-60
1. OrpaRHVaBaHe Aoc bna Ha no-
BbpxHOCTHH BOAR upe3 KaHaBK}$
H OTCTpaHHBaHe Ha nOA3eMHHTe.
BOAR C ApeHa)KM
2. EaeKTpoxHMHVecxo 3aKpenaaHe
3. OrpaHHVaBaHe Ha.noAMHBaHeTO
H H36HrBaHe Ha H3KyCTBeno nOA-
cH9aHe
13 HCTBaHe Ha CKaOHa OT 6aBHo
ABH)K LUH ce 6aoKOBe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
nocTo9HHO AeACTByBaIUH
(4BKTOpH
1. I7pOMeHH BbB 4 H-
3H9eCKHTe CBOACT-
Ba Ha 3eMHHTe
MaCH
,II. Ilpo.eiu B XHMH-
YeCKHTe CBOACTBa
Ha 3eMHHTe MACH
III. IlpoMerH B Ha-
ToBapBaHeTO Ha
3eMHHTe MacH
1. HaMaAABaHe Ha Koxe3HATa Me4&By OTAeaHHTeVaCTHIUH Ha 3euuata
MaCa H Ha brbJ{a Ha BbTpeWHOTO TpHeHe. roneMHHHTe , u Te3H
ABa nOKa3aTeAa MOraT Aa ce npoweHAT.3aeAHO HAM nooTAeJIHO B
3aBHCHMOCT OT caeAHHTe ABAeHHH:
a) YBeAHVaBaHe Ha BOAHoro cbAbpxcaHHe (nopaAH BaJIe)KH HAH CHe-
roronene).
6) Pa3TbpcsaHe (THKCOTponMA) npH 3eMeTpbC, ABH)KeHHe Ha CbOQ-
LUHTeAHM cpeACTBa, AaBMHH, o6crpeneaHe.
B) TeMnepaTypHM npoMeHM Hcebp3aHaTa C Tax nPOMAHa BbB BHC-
Ko3HTeTa Ha BoAaT$.
r) IIpoMAna Ha o6eMa nopaAx 3aMpb3BaHe, pa3ronasane H Ap.
Te3H npOMeHH Ca THCHO CBbp3aHH CbC CMHHaTa Ha ce30HHTe npe3
rOAHHaTa. CBAH9aHHA H CpyTBaHHA HaCTbUBaT HaI?4eCTo npH pe3-
KH npOMemx Ha BpeMeTO B Ha4aAOTO Ha npoJerra.
2. 5IBHBaHe Ha nyKHaTHHH B CKaAHTe BCAeACTBHe Ha TepMH4HO Bb*-
AeACTBHe HAH Ha 3eMeTpbC
1. B'bB Bpb3Ka C H3BeTp$BaHeTO Ha nOgBaTa ce 06pa3yBaT rJHHH,
KOHTO HMaT 3Ha9HTeAHO nO-ApyrH 4rn3H4eCKH cBOACTBA B cpaBHe-
HHe CbC CKaAHTe, OT KOHTO npOH3XOH.AaT
2. IIopani KOAe6aHns Ha HHBOTO Ha nOA3eMHATa BOAa HacrbnsaT XH-
MH9eCKH npOMeHH, BOAeWH AO npoMAHa Ha 4)H3H4eCKHTe CBOACTsa
Ha 3eMHHTe MACH B 30HaTa Ha KoJ1e6aHHeTO
1. ilonaraxe Ha HOB Tosap
2. HaMaAABaHe Ha XHAPOCTaTH'HOTO HaJAraxe, HanpHMep npoMeHH
BbB BOABHH noAeM nopagH nomoKaBaHe Ha BOAHOTO HHBO
3. HacTbneane Ha xHApoAHHaMHuHIH npouecH nopaAH nOHH)KasaHe Ha
HHBOTO Ha rpyHTOBaTa BOAa
4. YBeJIH4aBaHe Ha co6CTBeHOTO TerAO Ha 3eMHHTe MACH nopaAH
yCTAHOBHBaHe Ha BOAa HaA HOpMaJIHOTO HHBO Ha rpyHTOBHTe
BOAH
5. 4pe3 HaMecaTa Ha 9oBeKa, HanpHMep npH eKCnnoarawHM Ha Ka-
pHepH H MBTepHdJIH HAM H2pyAHH H pyAHH H3KOnaeMH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45000620001-3
EneMeHrH Ha 3aaHra-
He Ha naacTOBeTe
TeKTOHCKa o6pa6oTKa
reoaO)KRa Bb3paCT Ha
CKaJIHTe
1. npH XOpH30HTaAHO H Cy6XOpH30HTaJIHO 3aJIHraHe Ha nAacrosere
HMa c1BCeM MaJIKa onaCHOCT, H TO npH peAyaaHe Ha rxnHecrIc
naaCTOBe c BollOnponyCKAHBH naacroBe
2. npH HaKaOHeHO n0A0ffieHHe, axo nAaCToneTe 3anaAaT K'bM CKaTa,
HHMa HHKaKBa OnaCHOCT, HO aKO HMaT HBKJIOH, ycnopeAeH Ha Ha-
KJIOHa Ha CKaTa, HMa MHor0 roJHMa OnaCHOCT. B nOCAeAHHH CAy-
safl CBnH4aHero e HeMHHyeMO npH HaaHYHe Ha rAHHeCTH npO;AOfI-
KH B nAacTOBaTa 3aApyra. (CpyTHU(aTa OKOAO JIaKaTHHK Ce AbA-
)(aT Ha BOAOnpOnyCKAHBH naaCroBe OT CpeAHHH TpHaC, AewCautu
Bbpxy rAHHeCT pb0.)
3. npH BepTHKaJIHO pa3n0A0H(eHHe
H(0 MHHHMaJIHa
KoAKOTO CKaJHHTe Macm ca n0-HanyicaHH nOA BaHHHHeT0 Ha TeKTOH-
CKHTe ABH)KeHHH, TOJIKOBa n0-AeCHO Ce noAAaBaT Ha CBAHYaHe H
CpyTBaHe. O6HKHOBeHo eApo HanyKaHHTe CKaAHH MACH o6pa3yBaT
CpyTHn(a, a KOAKCTO TeKTOHCKaTa 06pa60TKa e no-CHJIHa, TO1KOBa?
n0-HCHO Ca H3pa3eHH CBJIagnu(aTa, oco6eno BbB Bpb3Ka C HO-IDH-
pOKH MHAOHHTHH 30HH. ETO 3aHi0 pa3AOMHTe AOPH H B Hall-3Apa.
BHTe KpHCTaJHHHH CKaJIH B 10H(Ha BbnrapHA ce MapKHpaT OT pe-
AHua CBaa9HWa
n0 npaBHAO KOJIKOTo no MAaAH ca AaAeHH CeAHMeHTHH cKaAH, TOA-
KOBa no-cna6a e TAXHaTa AHareHe3a H TOAKOBa n0-AeCHo ce noA-
AaBBT Ha CBJIH9aHe npH npoMeHHTe, onHcaBH B Ta6AHUa 2-2.
B I5bllrapHA nOAO)KeHHeTO e CAe)IHOTO:
1. Keameprepxu cedu.weHmu. OT TAX AenyBHanHHTe ceAH-
McHTH (cKAOHOBHTe HaHOCH) ce nofAaBar Hafl-AeCHo Ha cBAH9axe,
Oco6eHO KOraTO ce pa3noaarar Bbpxy n0-CTp'bMeH CKAOH,H3rpaAeH
or BOAOHenponycKAHBH cxaAH. ToraBa BaCTbnBa HaTpynBaHe Ha
Bona npe3 BAa)KHHTe ce3oHH McH(Ay AenyBHH H CKaAHara nOAAOH(Ka..
TaKHBa CBAagmiua ca 9eCrO BBAeHHe, HO HMaT MaAbK 06xBaT, KOfiTO
e 06yCAOBeH OT MOUIHOCTTa Ha AeAyBHH
2. DAuot(eHc1 u cedumeKmu. O6HKHOBeHO Te ca Cy6XOp&30H
TaJIHH, HO nopaAH TOBa, 4e Ha MHOro McCTa cbAbp)caT MOn;HH
rAHHeCTH npOCAOIIKH C BOjIOnpOnyc JIHBH nRCbUH noMexcAy HM, 8
TepeHH, H3rpaaeHH OT TAX, Ha MHOrO MecTa B CTpaHara Ce Ha6Juo
AaBaT cBAa4Hn(a, OcoOeHO HpH no-roneMH ep03HOHHH nOApe3H: no-
Kpafl ,I[yHaB (KbAeTO ()aKTOp 3a npOABABaHeTOHM e HaTOBapBaHe-
TO C MOLIHH AbOCOBH M3CH), C04)HfCKO, I43r09HHHT MapHmKH 6a-
cefiH H Ap.
3. Cap.uamcxu cedumeKmu. O6HKHOBeHO ca cy6xopH3oHTaA-
HH, HO BbnpeKH rosa npH n0-roneMH nOApH3BaHHA AaaaT eAgH or
Hag-roaeMHTe CBAa4Hn(a nopaAH HaJHtrHeTO Ha neCbgJIHBH BOAO-
HOCHH xOpH30HTH, Oco6eHo nOKpafl 4epHo mope H J(yHaB (3Aar-
HHTe ngcbI(H, BaJIgHK)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4. OAuwogeuciU cedu.ueKmu. B MHOro cay4an Te ca HHreH-
3HBHO AHCAOUHpaHH H BbB BCH4KH CAy'aH, KOraTO ce CbCTOBT OT
rAHHeCTH nAaCTOBe, AaBaT Ha4aAo Ha 6aBHO nba39UXH H nAHTKH,
HO C rOJIHM 06XBaT CBAagHLUa,:. OKOAO BHCTpHi(a H )Keae3HHUa m
c. KoxannHe - CO4IHACKO, MHOrO n0-pSAKO TaKHBa CBAa9HuUa HMa
B PoAOnwTe, x eio oAHTOUeHbT e npeACTaBeH OT KOHCAOMepaTH
5. EogeucKU cedu.lreumu. Ha Mecra B 143TO4Ha CTapa naa-
HHHa, xbAero Te ce CbCTOAT OT rAHHeCTH HacaarH, HMa nABTKH
cBAa4HUia CbC 3ua4HTeAeH o6xBAT
6. 1 opuoKpeduu cedumeKmu. Te He AaBaT HHKbAe B B%arapHA
CBAa4HHia,Tb11 KaTo ce CbCTOHT OT 3Ap8BH BaPOBHIIH H nHCb4HHUH
H ApyrH yCTOf14HBH CKaAH
7. Anmcxu n1cSeouqu. B CesepHa BbnrapHH O6HKHOBCHO Te
ca Cna6o AeHHBeJHpanH H naBaT Ha MHoro McCTa cBAa4HHja H Cpy-
THHia c roJHM o6xB3T (B CeaepoH3TOgHa BbnrapHB H Bpa4aicKo)
nopaAH HaJlHgHero Ha rAHHeCTH H M.epreAHH npOCJIOf1KH B nHCb4-
HHUHTe.KOBTO ca BOAOnpOnyCKAHBH no nyKHaTHHHTe.
no o6xBaT CBaa4Hwwa
8. Heo,cw cKU mepeeAu. B Cesepaa 6barapHH re, a na Mec-
Ta H HaM11paIUHAT ce nOP Tax THTOHCKH IpAHW 4ecro Basal MaAKH
9. TopuoAUUacxu-doauodoaepcxu eAuuecmu AucKu. B CeBep-
Ha BibarapHA npH HBKAOH Ha naacroseTe KIM AoAHHHTe re AaPar
MaAKH no o6xBaT CiMaq ma
10. Pbomexu xopu3oith ma doAnuri mpuac. BbnpeKH He3Ha-
4HTeaHaTa my MOUJHOCT, KoraTO e HaJIHUe H HaN-ManbK HaKJIOH
KIM AOAHHBTa, TOR npeAH3BHKB2 Orp0MHH o6xBaluauuH HHKOJIKO
KBanpaTHH KHAOMeTpa cpyTHLua. Oco6eHo xapaKTepny ca CpyTH-
iuara npH .iaKaTHHK H Ha 3anaA OT .1]aKaTHHK H OKOAO CTapHB Ty-
HeA Ns 12
11. RoAmompuaCKu nrics'iuuqu. Ha MecTa CIAbpHCaT npo-
CAONKH OT 4epseHn rAHHeCTH nKCb4HHUH, KOHTO npH nOAXOAAHi Ha-
KAOH KbM AOAHHBTa AaBBT 3Ha4HTeAHH no o6eM CpyTHHia
12. 17ep.xcKU cedu.+ieumu. Te ca, o6nio ssero, yCTOp4HBH
13. Kap6oxcKU cedu.lteumu. B 3anaAHa CTapa naaHHHa H KpaH-
Hlero re CbAbpHCaT AOCTa aprHJIOuIHCTOBH npocnofKH, KOHTO OC-
BeH TOBa BHHarH ca HHTeH3HBHO TeKTOHCKH o6pa60TeHH. ETO 3a-
ni0 AaBaT Hagaao Ha 3Ha4HTeAHH no.O6eM CBAa4Huta, KOBTO AO.
6HBaT rpaHAH03HH pa3MepH Ha McCTaTa Ha no-roieMHTe AHCJIOKaUHH
14. CUAy,7CKU AUCKU. Koraro ca no-HHTeH3HBHO TeKTOHCKH 06-
pa6OTeHH, AaBaT eAHH OT Hats-roAeMHTe CBJI VKLUa B BmarapHB :
cBaa4HHiero Ha CeBepOH3TOK OT Csore npH MaxanaTa E3epo,
csna4HHiara noA Bp. rpoxoreH H AP.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1 I 2
15. KpucmaAutcuume cKanu, BKnK)9HTeJHO H MaCHBHHTe cKa-
JH, npeACTasnHBaT CaMH no ce6e CH MHOro yCTOftgHB TepeH, B
KoIITO He 6H Tps6Bano Aa ce o'aKBaT HHKaKBH c8na4Hn[a. Bbnpe-
KH ToBa Ea MHoro McCTa B POAOnHTe, nO-psAKO B PHna H Ha HA-
KOH ApyrH MecTa HMa CBaagHiua H B KPHCTanHHHH TepeHH, Ha Me-
CTaTa Ha nO-3HagHTenHH AHC1[OKaUHH H n0-CneuHanHO HA MecraTa,
KbAeTO ce KpbCTOCBaT ABe AFCJOKaUHH C nO-WHpOKH CMneHH30HH.
THnH9HH npHMepH: CBnagHHleTo no nbTA ApAHHO - PyA03eM npH
BELL BenH H3BOp, CBaagHlueTO Halt C. CnaweH, FoueueageBCKO ;
orpOMHH CBnagaiua B Kp}CTaJHHa ce o6pa3yBal no AecHnf 6pcr
Ha P. KpH4HM Mc)K 1 McCTHOCTHTe Tewen H 3a6pan
SIBHO e, ge n0AO6HH ABneHH)I Mo)Ke Aa HMaT KaTaCTpO4)anHH nocnegHUH 3a MH)KeHep-
HHTe CbOpb)KeHHA H nopaAH TOBa BbnpOCbT, AanH AaAeH MaKponOpbO3eH CeAHMeHT nOAne)KH
Ha nponaAaHe, npeACTaBJBBa MHOrO rOnfIM npaKTHgeCKH HHTepeC H Tpa6Ba Aa nonygH BbB
BCeKH KOHKpeTeH ciygaft eAH03HagH0 pa3peiueHHe. To 6H MOrno Aa Ce n0ny4H 6H110 no nbTH
Ha na6opaTOPHO npoygBaHe Ha MaKpOnOpbO3HHA MaTepHan,6Hno gpe3 BHHMBTeJHH orneAH Ha
Tepefa.
1`13gHCJ1eHHS1Ta, KOHTO ce H3BbpWBaT npH HanHuHeTO Ha na6opaTOpHH
OnHTHH HaTOBapBaHBA, ca nOCOgeHH B rnasa IV Ha HaCTO$lWHA HapbgHHK.
Ha6aioAeHHeTO Ha nbOCOBaTa nOBbpXHOCT OKOJIO npOygBaHOTO MACTO HHyneCHABa C TOBa,
ge KBTO yCTaHOBHM eCTeCTBeHH nponaAaHHH Ha aboCa, HHe MO)KeM CbC CHrypHOCT Aa CM9-
TaMe, qe iue HaCTbnaT nponaAaHHB H n0A BJIHRHHe Ha MHHHManeH TOBap, aKO He ce OT-
CTpaHH HanbnHO Bb3M0)KHoCTTa OT nOAMOKpaHe.
A. CY(P03NS1
TepMHHbT e Cb3AaAeH B 1898 r. OT BHAHHH pyCKH reoaor A. 11.IIaBJOB H e o3HagaBan
nbpBoxagaaHo xHMHgeCKOTO pa3TBap8He Ha gacT OT cKanHTe noA AeACTBMeTO Ha npOTHga-
IuaTa npe3 Tax BOAa, npH KoeTO ce nonygaBa o6pymBaue Ha pa3nono)KeHHTe orrope CKanHH
Maca. 110-KbCHO noHATHeTO Cy4O3Ha ce pa3npocTHpa H Bbpxy HIBJCHgaHeTO Ha CKaJ1HH
gaCTHUH no MexaHHgeH nbT nOA AefyCTBHeTO Ha nOA3eMHHTe BOAH, a AHec C'bC CbLUHE Tep?
MHH ce 03HagaBa CaMO nOCneAHHAT npoueC, AOKaTO xHMHgeCKOTO pa3TBapaHe Ha cKanHTe
ce 03HagaBa KaTO KOpo3ua. HepaAKO, pa36Hpa ce, ABaTa npoueca MOraT Aa B-bpBaT 3aeABo.
143BJHgaHeTO Ha CKa)HH MaCTHUM no MexaHHgeH nbT, T. e. Cycp03HHTa, ce H3BbpWBa
CaMO npH CbAef1CTBHero Ha xHApOAHHaMHgeH Hanop H npH AaAeHa MHHHManHa CKOpOCT Ha
nOA3eMHHH BOAeH nOTOK, HapHiaHa KpHTHgeCKa CKOpOCT. Ta e pa3AHuEa B 3aBHCHMOCT OT
eApHHaTa Na CKaJHHTe gaCTHuH H o6cTaHOBKaTa, cpeA KOBTO ce HaMHpaT n011J1Wan1HTe Ha
H3BAHgaHe gacTHUH. TaKa Hafl-neCHO ce H3B11HgaT Ct)M H rnHHeCTH gaCTHuH, pa3n0J O)K HH B
WHPOKH nyKHaTHHH, npH HanHgHe Ha nOA3eMeH BOAen nOTOK C onpeltelieHa MHHHManHa CKO-
pOCT. IIpH TOBa nonoa(eHHe e AMH0, qe C yBenHgaBaHe Ha CKOp0CTTa Ha nOA3eMHHa BOAeH
nOTOK, HanpHMep gpe3 Cb3AaBaHeTO Ha H3KyCTBeH BOAeH HanOp, CycpO3HATa Moace Aa ce nOABH
TaM, KbAeTO npeAN TOM He e 6Hna HaJHUe, H11H nbK Aa 6bAe ycKopena CbuleCTByBa1uaTa
Cy4103Ha. .IZOPH H Haft-MaJKaTa npoaBa OT T03H POA KpHe B ce6e CH rOneMH OnaCHOCTH 3a
CTa6H11HTeTa Ha HHHceHepHHTe cbopb)KeHHA, Tbft KaT0, oco6eno npH AonbJHHTeJHO HaTOBap-
Bane, go-ace Aa npeAH3BHKa HeAOnyCTHMH 3a 6eTOHHHTe chopbaceHHa CAAFBaHHA.
IIpaKTHgecKO yKa3anHe 3a HanHgHero Ha Cy4103Ha Mo)Ke Aa ce nOaygH no BpeMe Ha
onaTHHTe BOAOHarHeTaBaHHs, HanpHMep K012TO B npoueca Ha narHeTaBaneTo BMecro nocTe-
neHHO HaManlBaHe H CTa6HAH3HpaHe Ha BOAonornbiuaHero npH eAHH H Chill Hanop ce no-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ayres yBenH4aBaHe Ha pa3zoua, a once no-cHrypHO yKa3aHHe HMaMe, KOraTO ce Ha6AfoAasa
HarHeTBBaHaTa BoAa Aa H3AH3a OT HAKOA nyKHaTHHa pa3MbreHa. EAHa or ocHOBHHTe 3aAa'H
Ha npOTHBo4,nJITpaI[HOHHHTe 3aBeCH npH BHCOKHTe aoionoAnHpaluH Cbopb)CeHHA e HMeHHO Aa
HaMaAH xHApOAHHaMHYHHa Hanop H orpaHHgH Bb3MOHCHOCTHTe 3a n0ABABaHe Ha Cytp03Ha.
3acHABaHe Ha Cy403HHTa Mo)Ke Aa HaCTbnH He CaMO BIB Bpb3Ka c yaeAHgaaaHe Ha
XHAPOAHHaMH9HHH Hanop, HO H 4pe3 cb3AaBaHe Ha H3KyCTBeHH YCAOBHH 3a nOCTOHHHO nOA-
AbpMcaHe Ha HOpMaAHHH xHApOAHHaMH9eH Hanop, HanpHMep pea nOCTOAHHO nOAMOKPHHe Ha
AaAeH CKBJfeH MaCHB OKOAO HAKOf4 npeJIHBHHK HAH OKOJIO HAKOA BOAonponycKaut KaHaa.
Oco6eno THHH4eH e CJIygaar C aBapHATa Ha BTOKOBOTO C'bopbNCeHMe Ha HBnOPHHA Tpb60-
npOBOA Ha BEI.U THTO" npH c. Kpaneaau, #taJMauHfl, Haft-ronaMBTa xHApoueHrpaAa B 10ro-
cnaBHH AO 1950 r. flopaJH HecnonyvauBo nocr aHe Ha npeJMBHHKa Ao CaMOTO cbopbwweHHe
H n04TH HenpexbCHaTOTO My 4)yH1CUHOHHpaae rAnHecraTa 3annbHKa B IIyKHaTHHHTe Ha K8p-
CTOBHA 6AOK, B'bpxy KOATO e 6HA0 pa3no)IOMCeHO CbopbNCeHHeTO, e 6HAa npOMHTa H CKBAHHTe
6AOKOBe ca Ce pa3MeCTHAH c oKOAO 3 Atm. TOM e 6HAO AOCTaTbgHO npe3 1947 r. Aa ce'ela-
nyHa usAoTO 6eTonoBo Cbopb)KeHHe H Aa cnpe excnnoarauusiTa my 3a AOCTa Abnbr CpOK.
CpyTBaHeTO Ha Ma.KaTa BoAHa neHTpana HaA rp. BaHCKO ce AbaDCH CbntO raKa Ha npo-
MHBaHeTO Ha 9aK%nHO-nACb4HHA HaHOC OT npeAHBBUIH BORN npe3 npeAHBHHKa Ao ueHTpaaaTa.
OCO6eH Ha4HH Ha npOaBABaHe Ha XHApOAHHaMHUHHA Hanop BIB BOAOH8CHTeHH CHTHO-
3bpHeCTH nMCbfH H THHH, KoeTO npeACTaBAABa CBoeO6pa3eH Cy4)03MoHeH npouec, e npOTH-
gaHeTO Ha 4)HHHTe nsCbuH H THHHTe, Koraro ce yBeAHUM no eAHH HAH Apyr Ha4HH XH-
ApaBAH4HHAT rpaAHenT, HanpHMep npH Hanpaaa Ha H3KOn 3a nOCTpOABaHe Ha HH)KesepHO
cbopbHCeHHe, npH Hanpaaa Ha myp4) HAH waXTa, npH npo6HBane Ha COHAa)KeH OTBOp H AP.
nPH coHAHpaHe no pee Ha npoy4BaHHA B KpaAAyHaBcKaTa HH3HHa TaKHBa BOAOHaCHTeHH
(4HHH flCbUH H TNHH HepsAxo ca 3anbJBaAH COHAa)KHHTe OTBOpH H 3aT AHSIBaAH COHAH-
paAero.
E. KAPCT
KapCToBHgT repeH HAH,KaKro ce Ka3Ba HaKparKO, xapCrbr ce xapaKrepH3Hpa CbC 3Ha-
4HTeAHa BOAOnpOnyCKJIHBOCT Ha CKaAHTe, OT KOHTO e H3rpaAeH, nopaAH BTOpHgHO, nOAygeHO
no xHMH4eH (Kopo3HOHeH) nbT, pasu puBaue Ha AHaxAa3HTe H AHaCTpOMHTe H ce npHApy-
xCaBa OT cneuH41N4eH 3a Hero nOBbpmeH H nOA3eMeH peae4). flopaAH roiAMara BoAOnpony-
CKAHBOCT Ha KapCTOBHTe repeHH 3a XHApOTexHH4ecKOTo CTpOHTeJICTBO re npeACraBBABar
CneuHaieH HHTepec, KaTO HrpauT B nOBegeTO CAy4aH oTpuuaTeAHa poll. OCO6eHO npH Cb3-
AaBaHe Ha BOAOxpaHHAllnta reOAOrbT Tpa6Ba Aa 6bAe BHHarH Ha HCHO AaJH B CbOTBeTHOTO
nope4He He ce HaMHpa KapCT. Toaa He e TpyAHO Aa ce yCTaHOBH, 71,t Karo KapcTbr e
npHBbp3aH KIM TOgHO yCTaHoBeHH CKaJHH THnoae.
1. CKAJIH, KOHTO CE IIOA1(ABAT HA OKAPCTf1BAHE
a) Kap6OHaTHH_cKaJIH
Eapoeuqu, o6uKKo8eHu u KpucmaAuuuu (.(pa uopu), CaCO3. OKapCTABaHeTO HM BbpBH
6aBHO, HO nopaAH MHOCO rojtworo HM pa3npocTpaeerne HrpaBr Hall-roJAMa poaA 3a ABA-
Bane Ha KapCTOBH Tepenu. C TAX Ca CBbp3aHH Hag-THnHUHHTe H Hafl-o6uHPHH KapcTOBH
paRoHH y HaC H no CBeTa.
,aoAomumu, MgCa(CO3)L. OKapCTABaHero HM BbpBH MaiKO n0-6aBHO, OTKOAKOTO npH
BapOBHUHTe H nopaAH TOBa B HAKOH CAy4aH AOAOMHTHHTe XOPH30HTH B Kap6onaTHMTe ceAH-
McHTHH 3aApyrH ca BOAOynOpHH.
Mavve3um, MgCO3. Ma MHoro orpaHH4eHo pa3npocTpaHeHHe H npaKTNgeCKH He Hrpae
HHKBKBa poAA 3a ABABaHe Ha Kapcron repeH. ,
Cudevum, FeCO3. 1lua MHOrO orpanHgeHO pa3npocrpanenxe H npaKTNgeCKH He Hrpae
BNKaKBa poAA 3a fIBABane Ha xapcroB Tepees.
6) CYJKDaTHH cKaAH
I'unc, CaSO42Ha0, asxHApxr, CaSO4. Y Hac HMar orpaxe4exo pa3npocTpaxeHHe H He
ca CBbp38HH C ABABaHe Ha KapCT. B 4y)K6HHa npH CpopMaUHH, B KOBTO HMa no-MOnIHH rHn-
COBH npOCAOAKH, ce ABABaT THHHMHII KapCTOBH 4)OpMH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
BCH4KH ocTaHanH CyA4 aTHH MHHepanH H cKaJIH HHaT owe no.orpaHH4eHO pa3npoc7pa-
HeHNe m npaKTH4eCKH HAMaT HHK2'(BO 3Ha'eHHe 3a pa3BHTHeTO Ha KapCT KaKTO Y HaC, Taaa
H B 4y)K6HHa.
B) XaJIOHAHH CKBJIH
Ka.ieaaa coA (xaAum) NaCI. HaBCAKbie, K7,AeTO ce Asaaa B no-rOneMH MaCH, o6pa-
3yBa THnHqHH 3a Hex KapCTOBH 4)OpMH, BKJHO4HTeJIHO H BrOpHHre 4aCTH Ha COJIHHTe n10KOBe
xaKTO T03H npH MHposo Y Hac.
3 a 6 e a e)K K H. 1. JIbOCbT C HeroBOTO eCreCTBeHo nponaAaHe, KOeTO HAMa BHUIO O6W0
CbC CbIIHHCKHA xafTcT, 4ecro e 6Hn CMBTaH 3a noAarius Ha oxapcTABaHe. IlopaAH TOW e
Bb3npHeTO 06pa3yBaHHTe npH nponauaHero HeraTHBHH 4)opMH Aa ce 03Ha9aBaT KaTO nces-
AOKapCT.
2. HAKOH ByJIKaxoreRHH CxaAH, HanpHMep paonHTHre; ca AOCra BoAOnponyCKJIHBH H npH
TAX ce rosopH noHHKora 3a nonyxapcr. FIOpaAH asncaTa, Ha KaKBaTO H Aa e reHeTHgHa
Bpb3Ka Me)KAy nyKHaTHHHTe BbB BynKaHoreHHHre CKaAH H KyXHHHTe B Kap60HaTHHTe H
cyn4aTHHTe CKaaH, )KenaTewo e Aa ce H36ArBa as Ce r0BOpH 3a nonyKapCT BIB ByJIKa-
HHTHTe.
XoAoKapcm - THnH4eH KapCT. O6pa3yBa ce WITH HaanK14HrenHo B 4HCTH BapOBHKOBH
MacHBH. OTnH4aBa Ce C HaJIH4NeTO Ha BCH4KH nOBbpXHOCTHH H nOA3eMHH KapCTOBH 4)opMH
H Ce Ha6JnoAaBa npH ManbK HaKJOH Ha TOHorpa4 CKaTa noBbpxHOCT. HMa n04TH nbJIHa HH-
(4HJITpa1jHA Ha Bane)KHHTe BOAR.
MepOKapcm - HeTHHN4eH KapCT. O6pa3yBa Ce B He4HCTH BapOBHUH H ApyrH Kap6o-
HaTHH H Cyn(4aTHH CKaJIH. HHKOra He npHTe)caBa BCH4KH THHH4HH nOBbpXHOCTHH H nOA-
3eMHH KapCTOBH (?OpMH. HH4)HATpaIHBTa Ha Bane)KHHTe BOAH HHKOra He e nbJHa.
Y(a8eK Kapcm - MOHce Aa 6bAe XOBOKapCT HAM MepoKapCT, KO11TO no TeKTOHCKH nbT
ce e 030Ban nOA HHBOTO Ha n0A3eMHHTe BOAH H nopaAH TOBa e H3nbJHeH OT TAx.rloAnea(H
Ha nOCTeneHHO 3aTna4BaHe.
3acunan Kapcm - 3aTnageH, nopaAH H3nbnBaHe Ha nyKHaTHHHTe H KaHafHTe C KanUHT
H pe3HAyaJIHa riinna. TIpnBHAHO 6e3onaceH OT 4n1ArpanHOHHa rneAHa T04Ka, 06a4e BHHarH
Tpa6Ba Aa ogaKBaMe, 4e ce HaMHpaT H He3anbnHeHH KaHanH, KaKTO H KaHaAH, KOHTO Mo1Ce
c Tegenne Ha BpeMero Aa ce OTBOpAT OTHOBO. ETO 3aIUO He rpa6Ba Aa ce AoBepABaMe Ha
3aTna4BaneTO.
3. 4 AKTOPH, KOI.ITO O6YCJIABRT XOAA HA EBOJHO[LHSITA
HA XHAPOCEOJIO)KKHTE OTHOWEHNA B KAPCTOBHTE TEPEHH
Ta6nHua 2-4
maKTOpH KaKTO oTpaKCenHe HMaT Bbpxy esonconHATa
1 I 2
I.OCHOBHH
(paKTopH
a) 1IeTporpacpcxo-ga-
uHanHH oco6eno-
CTH Ha CKanHTe
.JOnoMHTbT ce OKapCTHBa no-6aBHO H 3a6aBA npoueca. Cbluoro Ce
OTHaca H 3a HeBapOBHTHTe npOCJIOAKH, HO AOpH CHJIHKaTHH HHTep-
KanauHH, MQILHH.H AO 50 M, He Ca B C,CTOAHHe Aa OTAeisT Kapcro-
BHTe BOAH Ha eAHa BapoBHTa Maca OT BOAHTe Ha Apyra BapOBHTa
Maca
6) XapaKTep H pa3- IlpH BapOBHUnre nyKHaTHHHTe ca nO-IwHpOKH, OTKOJIKOTO npH AO-
Mep Ha nyKHaTN- AOMHTHTe H nopaAH TOM MHoro nosege nyKHaTHH1 BbB BapOBHUHTe
HHTe I Ca BOAOnpOifyi irn fl, 07KOA OTO B AOAOMHTHTe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1
, 2
B
) Je6eauna
Ha
AHa
-
ITo
-Ae6e
anre
AH2CTpOMH
npeAH3BHKB2T
eAHOnocogaa
aHH3OTponnu
CTpOMHTe
B Kap6OHarfuTe MacuBH no oruonlen;He Ha OKapcruaanero
, KOeTO-
BbpBH MHOrO no-6aono no nocoKa, nepneHAHKyaapHa Ha AHacrpo
Mare
r)
o6-
KoaHgecTBO
Ha
o6
T
b
HKHTe
Kap6OH2THH
HHTepxaaanHH B
CHAHKaTHHTe
CKaJIH
H MaA-
IuaTa Maca Ha CKa-
KHTe Kap60HaTHH MaCH ce KapCTHCpHgapaT no-6aBHO B CpaBHeHHe c
JIM
roxeMHTe Kap6OHaTHH MacH
A) TeKTOacKO pa3-
EAHa crapa TeKToHcKa 4opMa - HAKOft A-ba6oK rpa6eH Han Aba-
npeAerAHe Ha I
6oKa cHHKAHHaAB OT CHAHKaTHH cKanH B cpeAara Ha Kapcros repeH
CKaJIHHTe M2CH Ka-
HAH HAKOA aHTHKaHHaaa HRH XOpCT C BOAOHenponycKnHBa 'AAKa, ca
TO pe3yATaT Ha
B CbCTOAHHe Aa nocJlyHcaT Karo rrmaua Han gaCTHYHa nperpaua 3a
HAKOrawwHH, HO-
noA3eMHaTa KapcTOBa BoAa. CAeA KaTO 3anbJHH KYXHHHTe B Kap6o-
crapH TeKTOHCKH
HaTHHA 6a0K, KapcroBaTa BoAa H36HBa Ha noBIpXHOCTTa BIB BHA
ABHHCeHHA
Ha IC3 CTOBH H3BOPH, 6aara Han e3epa (aOAara Ha IICKpe1IKHA Kap-
CTOB H3BOP e nOAnpAHa OT aK)cna OT BOAOHenpOnyCKaHBH CHAYPCKH
aHCKH, BOA= Ha 311arHa laHera - or Mepreanre Ha HeoloMa B
6eaporo Ha TOpOCKaTa CHHKAHHana H T. H.
2. AHHaMHgHH
I
CpaKTOPH
a) fAHKaTHBHH ABH-
CbBpeMeHHHTe nAHKaTHBHn ABn)KeHHA ce npOABHBaT Ha MHOr0
ACenHA
MaJIKO McCTa H nOpaAH TOBa Hrpasr MHoro orpaHHgeHa pO/IA
6) PaAHaJHH ABH)Ke-
I4rpasT uaf1-roJHMa poan 3a ABHBaHeTO Ha AaAeao MHCTO Ha Kap-
HHA
cToBa BoAa c o61uo BOAHO HIM. HaCKOpO CTaHaao HaH npom a)Ka-
BaIuo H AO AHeC H3AHraue He nO3BoJABa HaTpynB2HeTO Ha KapCTO-
Ba BoAa H 3arpyAHABa OKapCTHBaHeTO H3BbH raaaHHTe KaHaan (Kap-
CTbT Ha KapCTOBHA H3BOp KaenTy3a npH BenHHrpaA). O6paTHO,
HaCKOpO CraHaao Han npOAbaacaBalxO nor'bBane npeiH3BHKBa o6pa-
3YB2He Ha KapCTOBa Bo11Ha Maca B yAaBenaTa cHCTena OT KapCTOBH
KYXHHH - Boma 6AHKa OT AHHef1HO pa3nOA01KeHH KaPCTOBH H3BOPH
B Ha1-Aba6oKHTe AOaHHH Ha HHBOTO Ha pe4HOTO KOPHTO (P. KpH4HM'
Hall McCTHocTra 3a6paa). I7pH noTbBaHe OKapCTABaHe'to e C reHAeH-
11HA Aa Ce pa3IDHPH aarepaaHO
3. BbHIIHH CpaK-
T 0 p H
npH n0-IoAAMO KOAHgeCTBO nOA3eMHa BOA&H npH eAHaKBH Apyrn'
a) KOAHYecCrBO Ha
yCAOBHA OK3pCTAB2HeTO npOTHga no-61.P30; npH eAHaKB0 KOAHge-
n0A3eMHO IipOTH-
CTBO npH no-rOAAM HaKaOH H no-roasMa CKOpOCr Ha BOAara OKap-
ganIaTa Boaa
CT5lBaHeT0 npoTHga no-6aBHo
6) PeHCHM Ha nog-
KOaKOTo e no-nocTOAHen pe)KaMbr, TOaKOBa e no-6bp3o oKapcTA-
3eMHO npOTHgalua-
BaHeTO. FlpH HaAHgHe Ha 3aCYXH npe3 rOAHHaTa MOBCe B nepno-
Ta BOAa
AHgHO n3nOa3yBaHHTe Kanaan Aa ce npeAH3BHKa OTaaraHe Ha CaCO3,
C Kom.TO Aa ce npeAH3BHKa npeKbcsaHe B pa3B0A H%4 Ha AbAHCHHa H
BCTpaHH
B) TeMneparypa Ha
ipH no-BHCOKa TeHnepaTypa Ha BOA= nopa4H HHCKHA BHCK03H-
n0A3eMHO nPOTH-
Tel H Bb3MOICHOCTTa H Aa nPOHHKHe H B Haft-TeCHHTe nyKHaTHHH
gatuaTa BOAa
Ha Kap6onaTHaTa Maca OKapCrsaaHero BbpBH no-61,p30
r) PaCTHTeAHa nc-
YCKOpnaa OKapCTABaneTO, Tbf1 KarO yBeangaBa arpecHBHOCrra Ha
KpnBKa
KapCTOBaTa BOAa pea OTAeaAHeTO Ha XYMHHOBH KHceaHHH H CO,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ha6nloAaBa ce 3HagaTeJHO c'bBnaAeHHe me)KAy pa3npoCTpaHeHHero Ha KapCTOBHTe Te-
peHH B BbarapHH H TeKTOHCKHTe paloHH B CTpaHBTa. ETO 3alu0 KaPCTOBHTe pa$IOHH BHa-
waTa CTpaHa Hal-aeCHo 6Hxa MoraH Aa Ce CHCTeMaTH3HpaT,KaTO ce paarneAar no TeKTOHCKHTe
30RH, AaAeHH B Ta6JH11a 1-21.
1. B o6cera Ha pOAOncKHA KPHCTanHH Kap60HaTHHTe TepeHH ca 6HJH CHJHO OKapCTeHH
caMO TaM, KbAeTO He ca 6HAH 3acerHaTH OT HHTeH3HBHH HaBJIH4aHHH: Jlo6pOCTaHCKH Mpa-
MOpeH 6aOK Ha IorOH3TOK OT AceHOBrpaa, MpaMOPHIJHT 6aOK Ha ior OT 3a6pan (.eBHH), Kap-
?CTbT nPH serJHKa H OTTYK no nOCOKa Ha KnenTy3a (BeaHHrpaJI). O6paTHO, orpOMHHTe Mpa-
MOpHH MACH Ha CpeAHop0AoncKHa HaBaaK HHKIAe He Ca AanH THHH4HH KapCTOBH TepeHH.
2. CpeAHoropHeTO Ce OTJIH4aBa c MHOrO OrpaHH4eHO pa3npOCTpaHeHHe Ha KapCTOBH
TepeHH C KapCTOBH BOAH. ToBa e CBbp3aHO He CaMO C npeo6naAaBaljeTO Ha BynKaHHTHTe H
rIHpOKnaCTHTe, HO H C HaJNVHeTO Ha NHTeH3HBHO nlocnyaaHe, KOeTO BIB BCH4KH cny4aH e
npe4Ka 3a O4)OpMHBaHe Ha nO-rOJIeMH KapCTOBH TepeHH C KaPCTOBa >)OAa: 004TH BCHKa no-
B'bPXHOCT Ha niocnyBaHe c rJHHeCTaTa 3aMa3Ka, KOHTO BHHarH Si npl4opy)KaBa (6e3 oraeA,
AanH e nbpBH4Ha, HaH OT TeKTOHCKH npOH3XOA), Ce HBHBa KaTO AbnrOTpalHa nperpaAa 3a
ABRH(eHHeTO Ha KapCTOBHTe BOAR.
3. B 3anaAHa CTapa nnaHRHa C HeIHHTe aHTHKJIRHaaonOAO6HH ndAyBaHHfi Cna6o AeHH-
BeaHpaHe Ha Me303OACKHTe CeANMeHTH HMa nOBe'e KapCTOBH TepeHH? OTKOJIKOTO B CpeAHa
H oco6eHO B 143T04Ha CTapa nnaHHHa, KbAeTO 4nNIHbT e C'bBCeM He11oAXoA5IIu 3a OKapCTH-
BaHe, a cpeAui4ir TPHaC H MaCTPHXTIT 3aeMaT C'bBCeM OrpaHH4eHH npOCTpaHCTBa (1lCKpeuKH
KapCT, KapCTbT Ha .ilaKaTHHIIKHH H3BOp B 3anaAHa CTapa naaHHHa).
4. fpeA6aaKaH'bT CIC caa6o AHCJIOUHpaHHTe nnaT43OpMeHH Kap6OHaTHH CeANMeHTH a
.30HaTa Ha THHH9HHH KaPCT H KapCTOBH BOAH, KOHTO npeMHHaBaT OT eAHH peen 6acelH B
Apyr H B TPeTH B nOCOKa, napaaenna Ha oTAeJIHHTe CTPYKTYPH (Bona OT OCIM BIB BHT, OT
BHT B rlaHera) H Ha uAnaTa CTPYKTYPHa 30I6, TeKaT HanpeKH Ha allTeueAeHTHHTe AOJIHHH.
5. MH3NfCKaTa nnoga C HetHHTe ouXe no-Cna60 AeHHBenHpaHH nnaT4)OpMeHH Kap6oHaTHH
ceAHMeHTH e 30HaTa Ha Hal-THnHgHHH KaPCT C KapCTOBH, H TO rPYHTOBH BOAH: KaipCTbT nO
CpeAHOTO Te4eHNe Ha OCIM oKono ceaaTa 'brneH H CaAOBeu, OKOJIO cpeAHOTp Te4eHNe Ha
OCbM (C. IeBeTBKH), OKOJO CpeAHOTO Te4eHNe Ha 9HTpa (J1PHHOBCKHsT HaBOp, C. MHXaJIUH
H np.), KaPCTOBHTe BORN B anTCKHTe BapOBHUH Ha CeBepHaTa 4a CT Ha BlnrapCKa 1I06pyAx(a,
xapCTOBHTe BOAR BIB BanaH)Ka Ha R3TOgHaTa 4aCT Ha 6bnrapcKa Ao6pyAN(a C Hal-roneMHTe
y HaC KapCTOBH H3BOpH npH C. )(eBHH, Ae6HT 3 M3/ceK, KapCTOBRTe BOAR B capMaTCKNTe
BapOBHUH B CIUi Ta qaCT Ha ,go6pyAB(a.
6. reTCKara AenpeCHH Ha 6bnrapcKa TePHTOPHH ce ogepTaBa HCHO KaTO TeKTOHCKa 30Ha,
H3rpaAeHa OT MnaAH KaaCTH4HH CeANMeHTH, B KOHTO He e MO%eJlo noHagan0 Aa Ce o6pa-
3yBa KapCT C KapCTOBa Bona.
KapCTOBH TepeHH ce HaMHpaT OCBeH TOBa B CTpaHA)Ka OKono MaaKO TbpHOBO H B
3ananna BiarapHH oKOno c. 3eMeH.
Karo B3eMeM npeABRA canto BaaKaHHAHTe H TBXHOTOnpeA3eMHe, Ha6JnoAaBaMe nocre-
nenno yBeJH4aBaxe Ha KapCTOBHTe TepeHH H Ha CIAbp)KaU[HTe ce B 'THX KapCTOBH BOAR OT
CpenHOropHeTO KIM MH3HlcxaTa nova.ToBa ce AsawH Ha ABe 06cTOHTenCTBa.
1. YBeaH4aBaHe Ha npoueHTHOTO y4acTRe Ha Kap6OHaTHH9 (pauiec no nocoxa or CI-
UUHHCKOTO re0CHHKJINHanHO KOPHTO KIM nAHTKOCTHTe Ha nOA3eMHeTO.
2. Ilo-cna6a TeKTOHCKa o6pa60TKa Ha ceAHMeHTRTe no nOCOKa OT reOCHHKAHHanaTa KIM
npeA3eMHeTO.
Pa3pyieHHHTa, KOHTO 3eMeTpbCHHTe nPOHBH npeAH3BHKBaT B HHKOH 4aCTH Ha bbnrapHH,
HaaaraT n pNnaraHe Ha aHTMceH3MHgHO CTpOHTenCTBO. B OCHOBaTa Ha TOBa CTpOHTeJICTBO e
n03HaBaHeTO Ha pa3pymHTeaHaTa CHna Ha ceN3MH4HHTe BIJIHH H306LUO H KOHKPCTHO Ha
HHTepecyBan10TO HE MHCTO. OT ceN3MH4HHTe BBJIHH Hal-rOJIHMO 3Ha'eHHe 3a CTPOHTenCT-
BOTO HMaT HaAXI)I(HHTe H nO-CneuNaJIHO YCKOpeHHeTO Ha 3eMHHTe 4aCTHuH HanpeA H Ham
no noCOKa Ha nbMa Ha enaCTH4HaTa ceI3MHgHa BIJIHa. ETO 3an1O TOB3 YCKOpeHHe e neruano
B OCHonaTa Ba MeicAyHapOAHaTa KnaCH(,HKaUHH Ha 3eMeTpbcwTe no HHTeH3HTeT (KnaCH(pH-
xauHHTa Ha MepKaaH-KaHXaHH-3Hl6epr), B13npneTa H B roCT 4537.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1. MEIK11YHAPOAHA CKAJIA 3A HHTEH3NBHOCTTA HA 3EMETPbCHTE
Ta6nHua 2-5.
BSA
J
CHna Ha
seMeTpeceHHero
Ycicopexee
aIM/ceK'
XapaKTepecTHHa
1
2
3
4
I
MHKpoceH3MH9-
HH
Ao 2,5
Moxce Aa ce yceTH caMO Cbc CeH3MHtIHH ypeAH
11
MHoro cna6o
2,5 Ao 5,0
Yceiua ce casO or xopara, KOHTO ce HaMHpaT Bba
BHCOKHTe eTaHCH H B nbneH nOKOA, KaKTO H OT OCO-
6eHo gyBCTBHTeJIUH H HepBHH AHUa,
III
Cna6o
5 AO 10
Yceuta ce or Aocra MHoro xopa, cbTpeceHHero e
eABa 3a6enexcHMO, He Bb35yxcAa HHKaKbB crpax H He
6H 6Hn0 Bb3npHeTO KarO 3eMeTpeceHHe, aKO CneA TOBa
He crane H3BecTHO, tie CbCTpeceMero e 6Hno no4yB-
CTBYBaHO H or ApyrH AHua
IV
YMepeHO
10 Ao 25
Ycelua ce of nosevero xopa, KOHTO ce HaMHpaT B
3AaHHAra, H OT HeMHOrO xopa, KOHTO ce HaMnpaT Ha
OTKpHTO. He Bb36y)KAa y)Kac. 4yBa ce CKbpuaHe Ha
BpaTH, np030pIH H rpeAHTe Ha KbuzHTe H ce Ha6nto-
I
AaBaT AeKH nOnn)JABaHHH Ha BHCHHUHTe npeAMeTH
V
I-IyBCTBNreJIHO
25 AO 50
Yceina ce OT BCHYKH JHUa, KOHTO Ce HaMHpaT B 3Aa-
HHATa, KaXTO H OT HHKOH, KOHTO ce HaMHpaT Ha OT-
KpHTO. HHKOH Ce H3naauBaT y icaCHO, CnAWHTe ce Cb-
6yxcAaT, BparH ce OTBapHT H 3arsapar, MaJKHTe AO-
MawHH 3BbHUH 3BbHAT, AOCra CHAHO ce nlpneHT BH-
CAWHTe npeAMeTH, cnHpaT gaCOBHHUHTe c Maxano
VII CHnxo
50 AO 100
Ycexua ce oT BCHgKH JIHUa, KOHTO Ce HaMHpar B
crpaAHre, MHO3HHa 6araT or crpax Ha yJHUHTe.1laAflr
oTAenHH npeAMeTH, o6pywBa Ce Ma3H3Ka OT CTeHHTe,
Ha MecTa ce Ha6Juo aBaT neKH noBpeAH Ha nO-cOAHA-
HHTe 3AaHHA
VII
Mnoro cuJIHO
100 Ao 250
06w yxcac H 6scrCTBO Or AoMosere, ycewa ce AOP%
H Ha yJIHuaTa, CaMOnpoH3B0nHO 3B7,HeHe Ha 4epKOBHH-
Te KaM6aHH, naAaT KOMHHH, nOBpexcaaT ce MHOro 3Aa-
HH51, HO iOBpeAHTe ca BHHarH neKH
VIII
Pa3pywiTe3HO 1
250 AO 500
IIaHHKa. 'IaCTHVHO pa3pywaBane Ha HAKOH Kb1uH H,
o61uH 3HagHTeAHH nospeAH Ha ocTaHaJIHre. LloseWKH.
,
1
xcepTBH HHMa, HO ce cny'Bar OTAeJHH Heu;aCTHH cny-
gaH
IX
OnycrOIHTenHO
500 AO 1000
I1bJIH0 HJIH nO'TH n'bJIHO pa3pywaBaHe Ha HHKOW
3AaHHH H TOnKOBM 3HagHTeJIHO nospextAane Ha OcTana-
J1HTe, qe crasaT Heo6HTaeMH. CMbpTHHTe CnygaH He ca
MHor04HCJIeHH
X
Heo6HKHOBeHO 1
1000 Ao 2500
Pa3pywasaHe Ha Mnoro 3AaHH9, MHOro goBeU1KH'
OnyCTOWHTeJIHO
l
xceprBH. 06pa3yBaT ce nyKHaTHHH B 3eMHaTa KOpa,.
o6pywBaHH9
Ha CBaJIHH MaCH B nnaHHHHTe H T. H.
XI
KaTacTpo4 a.HO
2500 Ao 5000
I1bnHO pa3pywaBaHe Ha KaMeHHKTe nOCTpOAKH.Pa3-
naAar ce MacHBHHTe KaMeHHH OnOPH Ha MOCTOBeTe.
9I30BHPH H AHrH ce pa3pywaBaT HanbJIHO, o6pa3yBaT
ce WHpOKH OTBOpH B 3eMHaTa KOpa, HMa MHorOgHCAe-
HH CBJHgaHHH H 06pyWBaHHH Ha cKanH
XII
Heo6HKHoBeHo
HaA 5000
Pa3pywaBaHe Ha BCKgKH, AOPH H Ha Hall-yCToIigH-
KaTaCTpo4,aAHO
BHTe Ha 3eMeTpbC nOCTpOflKN. B CKaJIHCTH paAOHH Ce-
Ha6AK)AaBaT 3HagHTeJIHH XOPH30HT3AHH H BepTHKaJIHH?
AncaonauuH. MHOr09HCAeHH o6pyWBaHHA Ha CKaJIH Ha
r0AAMo np0CTP HCTB0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. TABJIHL(A 3A CTOAHOCT14TE HA KOE41HIWEHTA HA CEH3MWIHOCT
B HH)KeHepHaTa npaKTHKa e Bb3npHeTO MaKCNManH"Te 3a Aa?geHO MACTO YCKOpeHHA Ha
3eMHHTe gaCTHUH Aa ce d3HavaBaT C TaKa HapegeH"A KOecTHUHeHT Ha CeH3MHgHOCT(HnH Koe-
4(PH4HeHT Ha CbTpeCe3MeTo) K H3pa3ABaH C OTIIOIlleHHeTO Ha YCKOpeHHeTO "m CpeAHOTO
3eMHO YCKOpeHHe g, KOeTO ce 3aKpbfnH Ha 10 000 MM/CeK. B Ta6JHua 2-6 e AaneH Koe-
bai
Koeg)mUHeHT Ha ceHSMH4H0cT
< L5, T. e. < 2,5
will K < 0,00025
10000
g
II
' HnH K=0,00025 _ 0,0005
5 T. e?
,5
g
0 00
10
9 000
H
5
5 10
1 T. e. "" K=0,0005 =0001
g
g 10 000 10 000
IV
10
25 T. e. 10 25 HnH K=0,001 _ 0,0025
g
g 10 000 10 000
V
25
50 T e 25 50 HnH K=0,0025 = 0,005
g
g 0 000 10 000
VI
50
100 T e 50 100 HnH K=0,005 ='0,01
g
g 10 000 10 000
VII
100
250 100 _ 250
' NJIN K=0,010 0,025
' T. e.
g
10 000 10 OOU
g
VIII
250
500, 250 _ 500
' HnH K=0,025 _ 0,05
T. e?
g
10 000 10000
g
IX
500
-
1000 500 1000
' K-0,05 = 0,1
-_-- ' T. e?
g
10 000 10 000
g
x
-1000
--- 2500 - T. e1000 _ 2500
.
' "n" K=0,1 0,25
g
10000 l0
g 000
XI
2500
5000 T e 2500 5090 HnH K-0,25-0,5
g
g 10 000 10 000
XII
> 5000
T. e. > _5000 mm K > 0,5
'
g
10000
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3. CTO%HOCT HA CE113MH4f IfSI KOE*HIUHEHT K B PA3JIH9HH CEH3MH'IHH
PAR0H14 B 3AB14CHM0CT OT A0HYCTHM0TO HATOBAPBAHE
HA CTPOHTEJIHATA H04BA
(eailcu 3a eCUVKU cJly+Lau, OCBeh 3a fi308U HU cmenu, Koumo
6apaaicupam nose-(e om I MUnu)k m3 eoda)
KrfcM'
VI
VII VIII
IX
15
He ce B3eMa no)
He ce B3eMa noA
I
I
BHHMaHHe
BHHMaHHe
40
20
8 Ao 14,9
He ce B3eMa noA
He ce B3eMa noA
I
I
BHHMaHHe
BHHMaHHe
30
15
4 Ao 7,9
He ce B3eMa not
I
I
I
BHHMaHHe
50
25
12
3 Ao 3,9
He ce B3eMa noA
I
I
I
BHHMaHHe
40
20
10
1 Ao 2,9
50
0
?
3
15
T
He ce AO-
1,0
30
25
12
nycKa
crpoe)K
AonycTwMo II TOBSpaaxe
Na crpoarenaaTa nogaa
3 a 6 ea e)K K H. 1. 3a Aa ce ycTaHOBH C KAKbB Koe4nIuHeHT Ha ceH3MHgHOCr K (Koe-
4)HIIHE'HT Ha ceH3MH4HO CbTpeceHHe) Tpn6Ba Aa ce npaBRT H34HCAeHHRTa 3a AaAeHO c opb-
)KeHHe HAH Aa)IeH CTpOe)K,TpR6Ba nbpBO Aa ce BHAH B KaK'bB CeH3MH4eH paAOH Ha crpaHaTa
nonaaa ciopbaceHHeTO, pecaeKTHBHO CTpQHTeacTBOTO. TOBa ce OTgHTa no npHaoxceHaT3 Ce-
H3MH4Ha KapTa Ha 6'bnraprR' (npHJIOI(eHBe 2-1), peayu.pana KbH CTpOHTeJIHa noqBa c
AonyCTHMO HaTOBapBaHe 3,00 no 3,90 Kr/CM2. Cae)j Toaa, Karo ce B3eMe npeABHa BbPXY
KBKBa CTpOHTeAHa no4Ba ine ce 4)yiAHPa cbopb)I(eaMerO H KaKBH Ca AOnyCTHMHTe BbpXy
Hero TOBapH, OTgHTaMe no ropHaTa Ta6AHga Koe(J)HUHeHTa K.
rl p m M e p. CTpOHTeaCTBOTO Iue ce H3Bbpn1H B Ka3aHA'bK Bbpxy 4eTBbpTHgHH HaHOCH,
KOHTO JIOII CKBT HaTOBapBaHe4,50 Kr/'CM2. Ka3aHAbK e B WeCTH CeH3MH4eH paRoH Ha BbA-
rapHH H OT Ta6AHIIaTa ce BHN(Aa, 4e KOe(f)HuHeHTbT K He Ce B3eMa nOA BHHMaHHe npH H3-
4HCJIeHHRTa. Ipyr npHMep: CTponTeACTBOTO me ce H3BbpWH B OKOAHOCTHTe Ha c. Tyioao,
Ka3aHAbIHKO, Bbpxy cy6peneHTHH KBapTepHCPHH aJIyBHaaHH HaHOCH Ha p. TyHA)Ka, KOHTO
AOnyCKBT HaTOBapBaHe Ao 2,50 Kr/CM2. Tyioao e n8K B WeCTH ceH3MH'(eII palOH H OT Ta6-
AHg8Ta OTgHTaMe, 4e Koe(j)HuHeHrbT K Me rpa6aa Aa ce npHeMe IJ51?
2. Ta6nHUa 2-7 H CeH3MH4HaTa KapTa InpHno KeHHe 2-1) IIpeACTaBJIRBaT 4aCT or r1pa-
BHJ1HHKa 3a auTHceH3MHgHOTo cTpoHTeACTBO, ny6AHKyaau B 6p. 63, 1957 r. Ha 143BecruRra
Ha rlpe3HaHyMa Ha Hap. c66paHHe.
3. nopb03HHTe CKaJH, KaKTO H CKaJIHTe c ManbK brbn Ha BbTpe W HO TpaeHe n0380-
MINT pa3BHBaHe Ha roneMH aMnnNTyAH H roneMH yCKOpeHHR. TbHKH naaCTOBe OT TaKHBa
cKaAH, pa3n0AOH(eHH BbpXy 321paBH CKanH C BKCOK MOAyA Ha eAaCTHgHO-T, nopaAH Heuo5para
CBpb3Ka Me)KAy I'HX H npOH3TH4at1(aTa Or TyK CB060Aa Ha ABH)KeHHe, nO3BOnBBat CbtUO
Taxa Aa Ce pa3BHBdT rOAeMH aMUJIHTyAH H CbOraerHH BHCOKH yCKOpeHHR. TaKHBa Mecra
OT CeH3MHIHa rAeAHa T04Ka ca MHOrO onaCHH.
4. rlnacroae, HanoeHH C BoAa, nopauH HaMamRBaue Ha BbTpeWHOTO rpxeHe o5ycnasaT
roneMH :MRAHTyAH H BHCOKH yCKOpeHHR. TOBa e rnaBBara npHglxa, KOHTO B ceH3MHUHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
o6nacTH HH npHHyw aBa aace CTpeMHM KbM CMbKBaxe Ha AenpecHOHHaTa Kpaea B HaCHn-
HHTe A3OBHpH, 6eHTOBe H AHrH, KOAKOTO MO)Ke nO-HHCKO.
5. FOnBMO OTPHuaTeAHO 3HaqeHHe HMa H3BeTP51AOCTTa Ha KOpeHHHTe CKaJH H nOpaAH
TOBa Tpa6Ba Aa ce CTpeMHM Aa OyHAHpaMe B ceil3MHgHH o6aaCTH Bbpxy CBe)CH KO-
peHHH CKanH.
4. 4bOPMYJIA 3A bFbJIA HA ECTECTBEHH51 OTKOC B 3ABHCHMOCT
OT CEH3MH4HOCTTA
tgds= Ig'1-K
I +Ktg,9
K3Aero d e brba Ha ecreCTBeHHB oTKOC;
Its - brbn Ha eCTecTBeHHH OTKOc npH AaAeHH CeH3MH4HH yCAOBHH
K- KOe4 HuHeHT Ha ceH3MHgHOCT (Koe4)HgneHT Ha CbTpeceaHe), KOATO ce a3eMa OT
Ta6AHUa 2-6
n P H M e p : 313OBHP IIaH9apeBo. CbCTOH ce or 4aK'baHO TBAO H rAHaeU eKpaH. 'brb-
nbT Ha eCTeCTBeHHB OTKOC npH HOPManHH yCAOBH9 3a 4axbna e 350, a 3a rJHHaTa - 19?.
Aa ce onpeneaH CbwHaT br'bn nPH AadeHHTe B pat ton CeH3MH4HH ycnoBHH : IX 6aa,.
K=0,1.
tg 35? - 0,1 0,60
3a 4aKbna : tgPs= 1-x-0,1 tg 350 ' tgos- 1,07 ; tgas=0,56
P5=29?20' inc ~ 1: 1,9.
tg 19? - 0,1
3a rnHHara: tgP,= 1--0,1 tg 19?' tg?,s=0,2372 HAH
95=13?20' HAn 1 : 4,25.
5. 4>OPMYJIA 3A H34HCJIABAHE TEFJIOTO HA CPABHTAgHHTE
BETOHOBH 130BHPHH CTEHH B 3ABHCHMOCT OT CEH3MH9HOCTTA
(2, 2) PS=KKEg,
KbAerO Ps e HHepuHOHHa cen3MHgHa CHna;
K- KOe41HuHeHT Ha ceH3MHgHOCT (Koe4)nuneHT Ha cbTpeceHHe), KOATO ce B3eMa
or ra6nnua 2-6;
-
xoe4)HI[HeHr, xofro xapaKrepH311pa BJIHHHHerO Ha rbBKaBOCTTa Ha CreHara;
- Koe4)HUneHT, KOATO xapBKTepH3Hpa BnHBHHeTO Ha CKaaHaTa nOAno]cKa Ha
cTeHara ;
g - Terno Ha cTeHara.
CTOAHOCTHTe Ha BenHgHHaTa ? ca aaAeHH B Ta6JHua 2-8 (no FOCT 4537).
Ta6nHua 2-S
3Apaea cKalla 0,70
Caa6a cKaAa, nnbTHa rnHHa,4aKbJ 1,00
CyxH nnbTHH MOpeHH 1,50
CyxH n$CbUH 1,75
3 a 6 e n e a K H. 1. CMHTa Ce, 4e cHnara PS e npHno)KeHa B ueHrbpa Ha Te)Kecrra Ha
cTeHara no HanpaBneHHe, HaA-yA06HO 3a HeAHaTa yCT094HBOCT.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. KaTo ce aaaiuanpa ropxara 4)opuyia, ce ycraHoBABa, qe Ta MoBce Aa ce H3pa3H
HaxpaTKo no cdeAHHfl HaqHH:
E(4eHTHBHOTO TerAO Ha rpaBHTagHHTe MaCHBHH H3OBHpHH CTeHH1HBMaAABa npH ceH3MHgeH
HMnyac C TaKaBa gaCT, xoaTO e paBHa Ha Koe4)muHeHTa Ha ceH3MHgHOCT K sa Amms
pagoH. Koegmi HeHrbT e, xoraTO Hua CTOAHOCT BSA 1,0, BHaca canto edeMeHT Ha AOn'i11HH-
Tealia CHrypHOCT H Ha H3JIHUHO OCKbnaBaHe, Tbn.xaTo ceH3MOTeKTOHCKHTe KapTH, OT KOHTO
TON ce HsBJIHga, OTp83BBaT B ce6e CH HaN?He6JIaroupHw HHTe reonO)KKH,yCAOBHH.
I
6. TABJIHIIA 3A 3ABHCHMOCTTA ME)CJtY CEH3MH4HOCTTA
K XHJ(POTEXHHgECKOTO CTPOHTEJICTBO B 6'bJII',4PHA
Ta6AHUa 2-9
Sad XapaKTepMCTHKa Ha CbOTIeTHMA paAOH C orJ1eA H2 xnAPoTexMHgeCK0T0 CTpOHTldCTB0
VI H rlpaiTHgeCKH,aceu3MHgHH o6Aacm.CeH3MHgmHTe HBAeHHH He ce ssevaT npeABHA
no- npH HagHCAeHHHTa Ha HH)KeHepHHTe, BKAIOgHTeJIHO H XHApOTeXHHieCKHTe CbOpb-
HHCbK )KeHHA
Cbopb)KeHHs, KOHTO He ce cpyHAHpaT BbpXy HeII3BeTpHAa xopeHHa cicada. fipi
93OBHPH BbB BCH4KA CAygaH ce B3eMa npeAsHA JIHHaMH4IHHAT yap Ha BOAHaTa
KOe4HubeHTbT Ha CeH3MHgHOCT K ceB3eMa npeABHA BbB BCHqKH caygaH. rlpH
513OBHPHH CTeHH ce 83eMa npeABHA H ,'UHHaMHUHHHT,yAap`Ha BOAHaTa Maca Ha
Bo1I0xpaHHAHiueTO. l436flrBa ce CTpOeHCbT na 6eTOHOBHrpaBHTagnH CTeHH Bbpxy
CeH3NOteKTOHCKH JIHHHH:"tyHAHpa ce no Bb3MOBCHOCT BbpXy CBe)KH KOpeHHH.
CKaAH
Koe$HUHeHTbT Ha ceH3MHgHOCT K ce B3eMa npeABHA BbB BCH4KH GIy9aH.,fpH
H3OBHPHH CTeHH ce B3eMa- upeASHA H AHHaMHgHHHT yAap,Ha BoAHaTa Mflca Ha
IX BOAOXpaHHAHineTo; 6eTOHoDH rpaBHTagHH H AbrOBH 3aTbHaTH H3OBHpHH CTeHH ce
CTpOHT CaMO-Bbpxy MBOrO 3ApaBH KOpeHHH cKaJnt- -B--HHKOn cJIygan Bbpxy cells-
MOTeKTOHcKH AHHHH. 3a npeAno HTaHe ca gaKbJIio-IiaCHHHHTe CTeHH
KOe4)muHembT' Ha` ce$3Miignocr K ce B3eMa nptxBu BbB BCH4KH caygan, Hada-
raT ce nOACHJItHH cede3o eToHoeH KOHCTpyIU*ko' H Ce Hs6ArBaT AOnmJIHHTejHo
BaHAanH cTeEA. HHKaKBa H30BHpHacreuaH AHC He AMONCe AS ce ocHrypH cpeiuy
n'bJIHO pa3pywasaxe m nopaAH TOBa He 6ne3'1(a CO CTpOaT HsOBHpH, KOHTO
6apa>KHpaT BOAHH Ko,HgecTBa-, gHeTo otnpHluBaHe Mouce Aa npeAH3BHKa KaTa-
CTpotpaAHO HaBogxeHHe
Cbwo KaKm npH X 6aM. )KedateAHo e BCHgKH HH)KeHepEH cbopbucenHa Aa ce
CTpOAT no Bb3MOacHOCT Bbpxy.3ApaBH KOpeHHH CxaaH. He, 6HBa B HHKOa CJlygaa'
Aa ce CTpOHT 930BHpH H AHri, KOHTO 3aBHpusaT noBege OT HHKOAKOCTOTHH
XHARAH M3 BOJIa
97 '
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
7. CEN3MNLIHH PAHOHN B B'bJ1FAPNA
CeN3MH9HN palOBH O6IBaT H xapaKTepMCTNKa
2
KaaHaKpa - Wa6aa
B 143TOgHa .gO6pyAmca. B HenocpeACTBeHO cbceACTBO c 6pera Ha
LIepHO Mope McHCAy HOC . KanxaKpa H c. IIIa6aa e Hafl-enaceH 3a
crpoxrencrsoTO. MaKCHManHHBT' Nit B 6aH3ocT c 6pera e X - Bbs
Bpb3Ka CBC CBBpeMeHHH TeKTOHCKH ABHHKeHHR - noTbBaHe Ha Ab-
HOTO Ha LIepHo mope
AyHaBCKH paflOH
I7pORBRBa ce raaBHO McNCay CHaHCTpa H Pyce c MaKCHMaaeH 6an
VII BBB Bpb3Ka IC HaaH9HeTo noKpafi Z(yHaB Ha no-caa6o cnOeHH H
HeCBbp32HH MaafH CeAHMeHTH
I'OpHOOpHXOBCKH
Flo nope4HeTO Ha p. SIHTpa, BKAK)YHTeaHO H nope'HeTo Ha p. Po-
paaoH
cxua. I1posBRea Ce Halt-HHTeH3HBHO OK0a0 fopla.OpaxoBRua H
TbpHOBO, KbAero AOCrnra X W. HaMHpa ce Ha KlfbcroBHuleTO Ha
eAHa crapa H BCe naK oule aKTHBHa CeH3MOTeKTOHCKa JHHHR C
npocrxpaHHe cesep - )or c enxa no-MaaAa cea3MOTeKTOkcKa aHHHR
c npoCTHpaHHe 700, KORTO OTAeafl Or ceBepHa crpaHa MH3HACKHH
AHaroHaneH Baa. He TpR6Ba Aa ce CpyHAHpa Bbpxy cMneH x n0A
CTpbMHH OTKOCH, KOJKOTO H cTa6HAHH Aa k3rae7KAaT, Tbll KBTo npH
nO-CHAHH 3eMerpbCH OT TRx ce CpHeaT'roaeMB CKaaRn 6aoKoBe
BM60ACKH pafiOH
Me]Kny rp. SIM604 H K))KHaTa 9aCT Ha CaIBeHCKOTO none. TyK
M3KCHMaaHHRT 6aa e VIII. PaaoabT e cBbp3aH cbc crapa, He oc0-
(SeHo cHARO npoRBRBama ce ceH3MoreKroHCKa alHHA - CbIUaTa,
KORTO npeAH3BllKBa TpyCOBeTe B I.OpHO0,psxoBCKHR paflox
I-OpHOrpaKHfICKH
O6xBaHua CpeAHara H H3T09Hara 9acT Ha I-OpHOTpaKHACKaTa HH3HHa
paNOH
H Cneuxaano paftona or oBere cTpaHH Ha Mapxua McNCAy naOBAHB
H AHMHrposrpaA. Mexcny HJIOBAHB . H IlbpBoIafl AoCrHra XI W.
3anaAHara vacr Ha ropHOrpaxxaCKka KAOH e npaKTHReCKH aceH3-
MxRHa. no speMe Ha 3eMerpecesHR7a or. 1928 r. cace o6pa3ysaaH
pasceAH Cbc CKOK AO 3 H..Pafloi br a H3B"6Hpe) aO onaceH cne-
uHaAHO 3a AxrH it n3oBBpa, KoxTO"nperpaxcAaT no-roneMH BoAHH
KOAH4eCTBa, Tbfl Karo ca ocbAeHH Ha HeiHRyeMo pa3pynleHHe. lpH
rosa rps6sa Aa ce HMa nF:.ABHA. Re KaraCTpo4)a71HOro 3eMerpeceHHe
or 14 H 18 anpHJ 1928 r. He e 6Hao Haft-cxaxoro, Koero e 3acer?
Hano paaona. NMa HcropHneciu H3BecTHR 3a oxle no-roaeMH pa3py-
weHBR. BHCoxara ceH3MHYHOCr Ha pafloxa ce AbaxcH Ha pa3ceAnTe,
no KOHTO noTbBa rpa6eHbT, Ha KOfirM OTroBapi fOpHOTpaKMAcKara
HH3HHa
COII)HACKH paflOH
3aCRra caMO ueurpaaHaTa 4acT Ha KOTaoBHHaTa - paffona Co4iHH -
xaTa ceH3MHgaoCT AocrHra X tan
M
K
axcHMaa
HAxceeo.
FopHa BaHR -
3ananxara vacr Ha KoraosxHaTa e npaKTHaeCKH.acex3MHVxa. CeH3-
MHVHOCrTa e ass Bpb3Ka c norbsaxero Ha KoTAOBHHaTa H ABH)KeHHR
no paacenx c npocrspaxxe 50 - 550 H 110 - 1200
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CpeAHOCTpyuCKaa
pafoH
O6xnawa HOAHHara Ha p. CTpyMa OT Bo6oweB0 AO rpbgKaTa
rpaniwa H cnewlaauo paAoaa Mea4Ay raps CHMHTAH x raps 17Hpiu,
KbAelO ceusuHgKOCTT* AocTHra Ao XI 6aa. Oco6eao HHTeR3HBHa e
rtpa c. KpynHHK, qa cauaa ceaepea KpaA Ha KpecaeacKHa npoaou,
KbAeT0 roaeMHAT 'CTpyMCKH pa3aoM ce npecaga oT Hanpe4ea
pa3ceA. TyK B 1904 r. ozaBHBaHeTo ma Hanpe'HHA pa3ceA e npe-
AH38HKaaO @peueaao 6apaZCHpaHe ua CTpyua H cpyTBaae Ha roaeaa
CKaJHH MACH, KaKTo n paapywaBBHe Ha nOAnOpHHTe suAOHe Ha -ao-
BHra. KbM T03H palm cnaAa m AO3IW T3 1 p. MecTa, B KOATO
CeH3MHR$OCTra AOCTHra B 11ro3anai[HBTa gaCT 'Ha P93nOKcKaTa Kor-
aoBaHa IX 6m.
po3artaAxa BbnrapASt (no nopegxero .Ha $MT H 3anaAHaTa gacr
3a6eis eHCKB. Celle
ma, nopegaeTo Na ? OcbM BKAKglaTemo), .1leBCKHrpaacKaTa H KasaaabwKara KOTJIOBHHa, ro-
jAMa 9aCT OT nopegaero Ha p. Kamm H u~aara CTpaaAHCaucva o6aacT ca npaKTHgecKB
2ceK3MHaa1! H npH Tax He e HyIRBO C6o6pas9Baae ma CTp0HTeaCTB0TO c c cexsuaura. 3a
o6xsara HaonHCaHHTe CeH3MHgHH paAOax BH% KapT3Ta 3a CeH3MH9HOCTTa, B Bbarapaa (npH-
AOM4eHHe 2-1).
1. 3 o a 0 rape B, r. C. OnbT KaaccH4plKauHH rpaanTau.OHHalx ABHMCeHHA roplbix
UOOOA Ha cKaoaax B HH%eHepHo-reonorivecKHx uenax, Momaciaf rocyA. y-T, Yvem je
aaiUCi4H. BHn. 176, 1956, crp. 135-173.
2. K it p o B. K..- lpHHOC KbM H3ygaeaaero Ha 3euerpeceaaara or 14 H 18 anpaa
1928 r. a lama Bbarapua, C6opHHK, Ha BAH, Kit. XXIX, CoCina, 1935.
3. K a p o B, K. - [IpHaoc KbM npoygaaaero Ha 3eMerpecehaaTa s Co4HAcKara KoTao-
BHHa, roAHWHHK Ha raaniara AHpeKulli 3a reon. H MHH. npoygaaHHH, T. V, crp. 407-
4.' ll o n o s, 17, B. - HHMCeHepHaa reonorHa, rOCH3AaT. rem. aHTepaTypbi, 1951.
5. R H K 0 B, K. - CeH3MH4HHTe npOBBH B Bbarapai, 1438. Bbar. reorpa4L A-eo, KH. V,
1937, crp. 27 84, Co$iui, 1938.
6. SI p a a o B, 1j. - MaaAHre TeKTOHcKH AeRmeR H a IOZea BbarapHa. Taxaoro
apaKTHgeCKO saageaae, C4is, 1957 (reo4)onA Eoeproxaaponpoexr).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 vo~~c~na,~oH~rrn aa~QHe3~3.9 ,i2
? JIPHAd}KEHHE 1-2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3 Na 0.
K PRY
X' 74? ,f-Dvf?
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
III. KJIHMATOJIOrI4SI ICI XI4.L POJIO1H 1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CJIeusamrre no-Aoay Ta&IHUH HMar 32 He. Aa yfeCKIlT HH)KeHep-reOAora m TeXHHK-
reoaora B Heroaara npoI3B0ACTBeHa pa6ora. McTeOpoaorH"xTe AaHHH, Heo6x0}1HMH npH
C'bcTaaHHeTO 118 XHApOreoJlO)KKHTe AOKaaAH, a B HHKOH Cay48H N npH H3rOTBBHeTO Ha lH-
)KeHepHOreOAO)KKHTe AOKAatn, Tps6Ba Aa ce B3eMaT OT H3AaAemm OT XHApoMeTeopoaorH9-
HaTa cAyiC6a 3a cayice6HO noaayBane MeTeoponormmeH HapbvHHK 3a BbarapIH?.
Ta6aHua 3-1
CpeAHO MecegHo aTMOC4 )epHO HaAHraHe, peAygHpaa9 KbM 00 C, H cpeAHo rOAHmHO
3a HHKO11 HO-XapaKTlpHH CTHHH,HH
CTBHMMM
C NBaMOQCX$TI MM
roaM-
.MCO9MM8
IMMO
,
M
I 1
11,
I 111
I IV I
V 1
VI I
VII I
VHI I
IX I
x I
XI I
X11 {
IlJIeBeH, 125
755,6
753,5
751,6
750,4
750,7
750,2
75D,2
751,0
753,3
754,7
754,9
1754,8
; 752,6
radpoao, 375
730,0
728,4
726,9
726,0
727,4
726,9
727,1
727,7
729,5
730,1
729,8
729,1
764,1
O6paau. gH{pANK;
153
751,1
749,6
747,8
746,1
746,8
746,3
746,1
747,1
749,2
750,5
150,5
750,3
748,4
BapHa, 35
762,6
760,4
758,9
757,8
757,8
757,2
756,7
757,9
760,3
761,8
761,8
761,9
759,6
Byprac, ;11
764,3
762,2
760,8
759,7
759,9
759,0
758,8
759,4
762,1
763,3
763,7
763,6
761,4
M0BAHB, 160
751,1
749,5
747,7
746,3
746,8
746,2
46,0
747,0
749,0
750,3
750,0
750,4
748,4
C4HH, 550
716,3
714,3
713,3
712,3
713,4
713,6
713,8
714,5
716,0
716,4
715,8
715,5
714,6
CaMOKOB, 950
681,8
678,7
678,9
678,1
80,0
680,5
681,3
682,0
682,6
682,6
680,7
680,2
680,6
fleTpoxan, 1400
643,9
641,6
642,1
641,7
644,7
645,4
646,3
647,1
647,1
646,6
643,7
643,7
644,5
XHxca C,TaJIHH,
2394
572,9
564,4
566,4
567,5
571,4
573,1
571,9
576,5
576,7
573,8
572,4
567,1
Bpbx CranHH
2394
572,9
1
527,61
53
532,1
1
533,7
538,5
538,4
-
1
537,4
3 a 6 e A e )K K H. 1. Ta6AHuaTa noxa3Ba HCHo, qe aTMoc4)epxoTO HaAHraHe B BbAra-
pHe e Haf6BHCOKO npe3 3HMaTa m Haft-HHCKO npe3 ABTOTO BbB Bpb3Ka c ycTaHOBJIBaHero Ha
allTmtHKaonaAHo CbCTOHHHe H CBbp3aHOTo C Hero 3acTyABBane npe3 3HMBTa Y Hac. TOBa
nexa3Ba, ge roaeMH gaCTH OT Hawara CTpana cnaAaT KbM KOHTHHeHTaJHHH H3TOgHOeBpO-
nefICKH KAHMaT Ha yMepeHaTa KAHMaTHVHa 3oHa.
2. C HaManiBaBeTO Ha aTmoc4)epHOTO HaAHraHe npH yBenigaBaHe Ha HaAMopcKara BH-
c04HHa BbB Bapna BOAara KHnH n H. 1000, B ConHH - npH 98,40, B CaMOKOB - npH 97,00,
Ha 17erpoxaH npH 95,4, Ha XHaca CTaJIHH - npH 92,00, a Ha Bpbx CTaAHH - npH Kpbrao 900.
BbB Bpb3Ka C TOBa ce Ha6AK)AaBBT CJIeAHHTe use HBAeHxH :
a) nO-HHTeH3HBHO H3napeHHe BbB BHCOKHTe nJBHHHH, Koero TpS6Ba Aa ce HMa npeA-
BHA npH pa3AHlHH CnygaH B npaKTHKaTa.
6) flo-TpyiHo caapnaaHe Ha xpaHaTa H CneUUH&AHO Ha BapMBBTa BbB BHCOKHTe naaHHHH.
3. 11o-HHCKO aTMOc4)eplo HaAHraHe B nJIaHHHHTe, KOCTO ce OTpa3aBa Me Bbpxy crpa-
AaIUHTe OT CbpAe'HH 60aeCTH H aKTHBHa Ty6epKyJ03a. TaKHBa AHUa He Tpl6Ba Aa ce n3-
nOA3yB8T npH npoygBaTeAHH H CTpOHTeAHH pa60TH B paf10HH Hu 1500-1800 M.
4. Bce nopaAH HaMaueHOTO aTMOC4)epno HaAHraHe BbB BHCOKHTe nABHHHCKH o6aaCTH ce
HBHBBT npOMeHeHH H yCAOBHBTa, npH KOHTO pa6OrHT Boxo epnaTeAHHTe noMHH, 3aluoTo Ba-
.KyyMbT OV ce 113Mepoa c pa3aHKaTa Mescny aTmoc4)epHoTO HaAHraHe (Pa) H 4IaKTH4eCKOTO
HaAHraHe (p)
PV Pa -P.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
AKO HCKaMe Aa onpeAeAHM? BHCO4HHaTa, Ha KOHTO Ige Ce H3AHCHe BOAHHHT cTbA6
nNe30MeTpH4HaTa KOAOHa, yCTaHOBABaMe, 4e TH e
hv= Pa-P_Pv
7 7
Or ropnoro cJIeABa, 4e BHCOYHHara Ha TeoperavecKHH BoAeii CTba6, KoflTo MOHCe Aa
6bAe H3AarHaT Harope C BaKyyMHa noMna(npH MOPCKOTO paBHHmIe 10 M), HaMaaasa C HaMa-
AABaHeTO, Ha aTMoC4 epHOTO HaisiraHe. OT TOM c ieABa, 4e H e(PeK'f'bT OT pa6OTaTa Ha BaKy-
yMHHTe noMHH npH eAHaKBO KoAH4ecTBo H3pa3%oABaHa eHepria, peCHeKTHBHO rOpHBO, I e
-HaMajsBa c yBeAH9aBaHero Ha HaAMOpCKara BHCogHHa. Tosa o6croATeacrso 4ecro ce 3a6paBH
npH H3n(M3yBaHe Ha BaxyyMHH nOMHH B.nAaHHHCKH o6AaCTH.
a) CAeA CRHpaHe Ha AaAeHO 6(HCTO TpH6Ba Aa ce H34aKaT HHKOAKO MHHyTH, KaTO OT
BpeMe Ha BpeMe Ce no'yxsa AeKO C npbCT BHCOKOMep?bT, 3a Aa ce yAeCHH npeoAOAHBaHero
Ha TpHeHeTO Me)KAy 4aCTNTe Ha HHCTpyMeHTa. H cm TOBa Aa ce OT'HTa.'
6) BpeMero Meaay ABe OTgHTaHHB TpH6Ba Aa 6bAe K03KOTO MOHCe nO-KbCO.
5. lipH H3nOA3yBaHe Ha BHCOKOMepa 3a OpHeHTHpaHe Ha Tepeaa He TpH6Ba Aa ce 3a
Hawlara crpaHa HMa MHoro pa3Hoo6pa3eH peJie(,, T$i Ce HaMHpa oCBeH Toga Ha rpaHH-
gara Me}.ay ABa OCHOBHO pa3AHgHH KJHMaTHgHH noAca - noaca Ha guKAOHHTe H nosca Ha
naCaTHTe. ETO 3aiuo ABH)iceHHHTa Ha Bb3AyunsHTe M$CH Y HBC, H3pa39BaUjH Ce Kal'o Berpoap,
ca npoMeHAHBH KaKTO OT MHCTO Ha MKCTO, TM H B TegeHHe Ha rOAHHaTa, H Td He CAMO
no OTHOHIfHHe Ha CKOpocrra,HO H Ha nocoxara. OcBeH TOM re He ifrpa2r Cbigec'r8eaa
P049 HO BpeMe Ha npOy4BaHHHTa OCBeH npH H34HCAABafe KOHCTPYpYKOH)ITa Ha 8HL'oKHTe KyJH
Ha AbJI60KHTe coHAaa(H, KoraTo TpH6Ba Aa ce H3non3ysa CHOM@HaTHHT ?MeTeOpmorugel
Hapb4HHK'. ETO 3anj0 He HaMHpaMe 3a gy)KHO Aa AaBaMe cneuuaaHH Ta6AHgH 3a BeTpoaeTe
B B irapas.
17pH COHAawHH npoy,4BaHHH npe3 3Huara ce Hamra H30Anpaae Ha BOAOnpoBdAHTe 3a
npoMHBHaTa BOAa HAH n0A8raHero HM B 3eMHT8, 3a Aa Ce npeAHa3HT OT 3aMpb3BaHe. ETo
3aigo,Ta6AHua 3-2 npeACTaBJIHBa 3a reo.ora-npoy9BaTeA npaKrH4eCKH HHTepec.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
?
Ta6AHUa3-2
CpeAHH OT a6coawTHHTe H a6coAlorNH MHHHMaJIHH reMneparypH Ha nogaara
Ha pa8JHI IHH A'b>16ogHm
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,
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3 a 6 ea e He r H. 1. Bcsi m C'ra81[HH? HMaT naQMOpCKa ?HCOVHHa OT 0 Ao 600' M. 3a
paaoHHTe c no-roaaMa Haj(MopcKa BHco'Hna reMneparypaTa Ha nogaara Ha CbOTBeTHHre
Ana6ogHHH we 6bne no-roaHMa, Ho 3a Abn6ogHua 2200 CM C He nonege or 0,50 no 1000 M
HaAMopcKa BHCORHHa H 1,00 - MU 1000 M, 3a A%1609HHa 35 CM - c 0,20 Ao 1000 H a 0,50
HeA 1000 H. B nO-BHCOKHTe paloHH BbnpexH 3Ha'HTeJIHO nO-HHCKHTe teMneparypa-Ha Bb3-
Ayxa npeuna3Ha poaa Hrpaar cHe)CHaTa H ropcKara noKpHBKa.
2. rlpH aRaJH3Hpaae Ha Ta6JIHgara ce ycraHOBBBa, qe npH nonaraHe Ha BpeMeHHHH
BononpoaoA as 20 Cu OT noBbp nocTTa.HHe H36araaue nom Han717IHo onaCHocTra Or 3a-
MpbaeaHe, a owe no-CHrypno e, aio tog ce noaOBCH Ha, 35 cm oT noBbpxaocrra. rlpeAno-.
aara ce, ge 3aCHnKara Ha HUM inc ce TpaM6oaa AOcrarbgao Ao6pe.
3. Ta6aauara noxasBa HCHO, ge Tp16Hte Ha nocroaaaHrre BouonpoeouM rpH6aa Aa ce
noaaraT. Ha Aba6ogH9a, no-roAaua or 35 CM, sa Aa 6'bAar OCHrypeHH, cpemy eBeRTyaJIHo
3aMp'bseaHe. B usaa CeBepHa BbarapHa, KOKTO H B IOxcHa 6barapns Ha BHCOtHH* am
600 M, re rpn6aa Aa ce nOCTaear Ha Aba6ogBHa Hag-Manxo 80 CM,, a B K)kcaa BbarapHa
Ha BHC04HHa noA 6W M - Ha 60 CM. H B T03H Caygag ce npeAnosara, ge 3acHIIKaTa {~a
BMara inc ce TpaM6oBa / ocraTbgHo Ao6pe.
Ha 5 ex
Ha- 10 CU
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He 35 cm
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cpeaaa
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cpeaea
a6coa.
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1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
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1
1'
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-4,7
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-12,3
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aautewIa
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-10,6
-8,2
- 9,1
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CyaopoBO (Hoarpa
ueu)
-6,8
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HA~ra Ha6
ma,tlHa
1l
oaaaoerpa4
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-1,6
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=12,2
-4,0
-11,3
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-3
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B
-2,4
- 9,0
-1,6
- 7,2
-0,7
-3,0
-0,3
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CaOOBO
-3,8
- 8,5
.-1,8
- 5,0
-0,5
-2,8
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K
bpAHCaJH
-
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- 7,2
-0,9
- 42
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aloAeasm
Ko3apCKO
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c
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- 8,6
-2,2
- 5,8
-0,6
kl
xrxMaH
-3,3
- 7,0
-2,0
= 5,6
-1,1
,
3aB
. B. Koaapoa?
-4,1
- 8,6
-2,7
-'7,0
-1,4
-4,1
-11,0
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-09
- ,
;
r. 3aropa
-3,4
- 8,2
,-2,6
- :7,1
-1,3
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lcoso
-1
-3,7
- 7,8
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- 8,6
-0,9
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H9eauH
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4. TEMr1EPATYPA HA Bb3.!WXA
rlpaaaaHOro, Hecuymaaano H eBTHao HaHCeaepHOreosoHCKO H xHApOreOaoHCKo npoyq-
Bane 33811CH AO COaAMa cienea Or npaBHaHOTQ noa6HpaHe - Koraro HMaMe Bb3MOHCHOCT -
Na ce3ofa, npes uogro we npoeeueM npoygBaseTO. ETO 3amo nOSHaBanero Ha cauMara a
Tlo-CneuHaJIHO Ha reuneparypara H BaaeKHTe npeacraBAHBa 3HaVHreJleH Harepec 3a reo-
nora-npoygaareo. B ra6naua 3-3 aMa AanaK 3a H$KO1I no-xapaKrepHH craHUae.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
i Ta6J1Hua 3-3
CpeAHH McCe4HH H CpeAHH rOABIHHH TQMnepaTypH Sa HHKOH XapaKTepHH
CTaHUHH B oC
CTauUNN C HeAMOp-
CKata HM BHCOVNHB
M
11 I 111
VII VII + V1111 IX I X I XI XI1
I I
flaeaen, 125 1
-1,2
0,5
6,1
11,7
17,020,6
22,8
22,0
17,4
11,6
4,9
0,7
11,1
24,0
I'a6poBo, 375
-1,3
0,6
5,5
10,1
14,8,17,9
19,9
19,5
15,7
10,9
4,9
1,1
10,0
21,2
06pa3I108 4H4)-
iHK, 153
-1,8
0,1
5,6
11,1
16,3'19,8
22,2
21,9
17,5
11,8
4,8
0,4
10,8
24,0
Bapia, 35
1,4
2,6,
6,0
10,3
15,419,7
22,1
21,1
18.3
13,7
7,8
4,7
12,0
20,7
Byprac, 1 l
2k
3,3
6,7
11,0
15,7 20,2
22,8
22,6
19,1
14,3
8,3
5,1
1.2,6
20;8
nAORAxe, 160
0,9
3,0
4
7
12,2
17,3 21,0
23,4
22,8
18,7
13,2
6,7
2
8
12,4
22,5
Coo i . 550
-2,5
0,6
,
4,6
9,8
15,3 18,3
20,4
20,1
16,0
10,9
4,0
,
0,9
9,4
22,9
CaMOKoB, 950
-3,5
-1,4
1,8
6,8
12,2
L15,3
17,5
17,0
13,1
8,6
2,2
-0,9
7,4
21,6
BopoBeu, 1340
-5,2
-3,7
1,0
3,5
8,8
12,1
14,4
13,7
9,9
5,8
-0,3
-2,4
4,6
1 ,6
CHTHAKOBO, 1740 -4,9
-3J
-2,6
2,1
7,4
10,2
12,6
12,7
8,9
5,(
-0,1
-2,8
4,2
1 ,6
XHMCa CTaJ nH,
2346 I-6,9
-6,7
-4,8
-2,4
2,2
4,9
9,6
8,0
6,8
4,6
-2,6
-4,3
10,7
16,5
I7eTpH4, 150 2,4
3,8
8,2
12,8
18,1
22,2
24,4
24,0
19.3
14,1
7,7
3,9
13,4
22,0
HHBepcHn (Tpba - Hall?C;TyAIHO).,
.lhH'H Ao6pe H3BecrHOTO npaBBJIo, 4e c yBeaH4aBaHe Ha BHCo4HHaTa ce HBMajIABa reM-
neparypara, Kato npH BCHgiK CTaHgNH HHyapu e Hall-cTyAeHHAT. He e TaKa C Hall-TonANB
Meceu. I1pa naaHHHCKHTe H iEpa9MOpcKHre CtaHaHH anrycr e no'TK TOJIKOBa Tom.% KOAKOTO
JOJiH, Ta AO}'IH H nO-ronba OT; Hero, KaTO Ha Cbu11HTe McCTa H rOAH1uiaTa aMIMHTyAa Ha TeM-
nepaTypaTa e no-Ma,nca. Haa+HHCKHTe a6COJI1OrHH Te4neparypH ca 611JIH yCraHOBeHK y Hac
B saTaopenHTe KOTJIOBHHH Ha!3anaAHa Bbirapaa nopaAH HacrhnB3HeTO Ha TeuneparypHa
- -- - Ta6nn ua 3-4
CpeAHH Mece4HH H CpeAHH rOIr(HWHH BaneMCH B HSKOH
no-xapaKTepHH CTaHgNH B B'barapHH.B MM
CTSHUHN C HBAMOPCKBTa NM BNCO9NHe, M
Meceux
JJ
I 11 III IV V VI VIIIVIIII IX X XI X11
MHxafinoarpaA, 160
26
23
35
42
. 77 78
59
52
42
56
49
28
567
flaeaeH, 126
30
29
40
49
73, 86
83
46
44
53
55
30
618
I a6poao, 375
49
40
, 62
78
113132
105
80
67
62
69
47
899
C+6pa3110B 4H4IJIHK, 153
32
28
38
41
61
90
66
54
40
41
57
36
584
Bapaa, 35
31
25
29
33
51 74
49
43
34
46
.46
40
501
Hece6bp,
10
34
33
31
38
43 64
40
33
33
44
51
42
486
1 1
Byprac,
40
44
38
44
52 81
49
30
29
45
57
51
560
MapHua, 90
38
35
39
40
49 72
40
38
26
40
53
38
505
Ka3aenbK, 372
37
31
36
49
88109
67
67
53
56
60
43
696
IlnoauHB, 160
36
91
39
40
59 62
52
41
3R
39
50
34
521
,
CocpKSi, 550
28
30
42
54
86 82
70
55
55
57
51
30
640
KrocreHAen, 525
38
33
.36
46
66 61
65
39
45
56
.55
43
583
35
36
45
62
73 75
57
47
48
65
70
43
656
17erpK4, 150
62
72
62
65
54 35
32
20
20
79
90
46
628
roue Aen4es, 566
65
471
50
59
52 49
60
49
25
70
70
42
638
J11o68Me u, 55
4&
45
39
55 58
31
27
26
43
.59
54
531
NBaNnosrpaA,'200
54
55
36
'621 56
37
25
20
5
64
68
590
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
J1HgH aaayHTeJmaTa pawn uca a pasnpeAenenmeTo Ma Baaexcwre no MeceuH. O6wo a Jim-
rapHa npeo6naAaaaT AeTTK,re 8aAewH, H TO c .IoNeriiyx npea Iona' H MaKHMyM npea >r -
apH H 4eapyapH, KoraTo BaJeacnTe naAaTnpeiHHwo. icattq cxeroaaae*H. O6age a nan-
)o&HHTe 9acTH Na crpaeaTa TbEMO AeTNHTe McCeIIH; H TO ABryCT x cenleMapH; nannicaaT
KaTo Hall-cyxH. AoHaTO Han?saAe KHHat Meceu e'HOeNBpH. 11pe3 SUKOH roAuHn. Aetna aacyltt!
Hac bnBBT H B no-CenepHH palOHH Ha CTpaxaTa, KOraTO Te nonaAHat a_o6cera Ha cpeAx-
3CMHOMOpCKOTO BAHBIHte.
6. KJIHMATN4HA ROAf1J16A HA B'bAFAPHA
KAHMamT Ha Bbirapna KaTO naao e yuepeBo-xonTHHeRTJlea,, HO nopaAH e4)a H
o6HtoTO reorpa4cxo noao*eHne Ha cTpanala ToA a 30a4xTeJHO AHCpepenuupaH. MoHCew Aa
pa3JIHMHM CaeABHre KAHMBTipCHH o6AaCTH.
1. CesepxoUa.azapcxa KoxmuxeumaliNa o6A6cm c die nodo6.aacmu,
a) KpalAyHaacKa Cyx,a H c-ryAen&. o6aacT, KOaTOA0k"I&a.?p4osa or
llyaaea Ha for AO JIHHHHTa Kyna-ilaeaex-koJapoarpaA. AMnJxryuTa Na cpeAHaT* . TeM-
neparypa Ha Hail-TOnnxa H Hai?CTyAeHHa Meceu aOcTHra -240,. cpeAHaTfl TeMnepaTypa as
Han-cryneHHu aeceu e noA 00, roAHwnara cyMa Ha BaaeHCHTe - OKOAO 500 MM, Baaexcaxar
MaKCHMyM - npe3 JOHN, MHHHMyMbT - npe3 asyapH - CpeapyapH..LIeCTO nbTH npe3 3HNaTa
odaarrTa noQaAa noa BAHHHHhTO Ha cx6Hpetimsi air6ur ion., pep6AaAaeaT ceaepoxaTO'HH
BeTpose B Ceaepoa3rovHa 6barapHa H ceaepo3anaAim aeTpose is CeaepoaanaaHa BbarapHu.-
6) IIpHnJaHHHcKa no-anaxcHa o6Aaci, HoHTOo6xaauuaCeaepna6wwapHa
Major T aBKHaTa Kyia-Meaen-KoaapoarpaA. MaaKo nVMaau roAanlna BMnAHTyAa ma,
Teunepa4TypaTa nopaAH nO-TOnAH 3)MHa Meceuf. roAHwHaTa cyua Ha eaaeicaTe e MeaCAy
600 it 700 MI , KHTO ce yee nt aaa no nocoica . na CTapa naanaHa:. lima no-caa6a aeTpoee
nopaAw 3afuJTsara PUB Ha Beparxre Ha 17pea6aaiaaa.
2. 06Aacm HO 6UC0xame xomAoauKU 6 33aIadxa BaAaapum C XOHTHHeHTRJI H KJ MMar,
noncHiieH OT mecrwre HHaepCHH npe3 3HM8Ta. AHalimryAara, H8 TeunepaTypara Me11CAy cpeA-
HaTa Mece4Ha TeunepaTypa ua Rail-cTyAeHna H -Hail-Tonana Meceu Aocmea Ao 230. Bane-
xCHTe ca OKoAO 650 MM FOlUtu o c neren MaKCHMyM! Hail-9eCTHTe BeTpoae ca or ce0epo-
sanaA : q boHoeeTe o6ave AyxaT of ior.
3. O6Aaem ma cpe+au3e.KKoAtopcKomo KAu.Iranw'xo eAuJlxue, KOSTO Moxce Aa ce no-
AenH Ha ABe nOA064acTH:
a) O6AacT Ha no-c ia6o npo?HBeHolro cpeAH3eMHOMOpcKO Kax-
M a T H 9 H 0 8 A H Si H H e - o6ZBanua ropHOTpaKHncKaTa. HH3HHa, JIeBCKHrpaACKaTa H Ka-
3aHJIbWKBTa KOTaQBHHa,,,ceBepHaTa 4acT Ha 6aceilHa Ha. ApAa H KOTaOBHHHTe no cpeAHa
CTpyMa. Cpe?aaTa uece9Ha TeMnepaTypa:ma Hail-ctyAefra Mecen e HAA 00. AMIUIHTyAara
Ha CpeAHaTa TeMnepaTypa Ha eKCTpeMiime Meceua e noA "20?. CpeAHaTa roAKwHa CyMa Ha
BaAe icHTe e MexCAy 550 H 650 Mu.' Meceu'KT C MUCBMaAHH BaAewa ce naAa npe3 AaTOTO B
rOANHHTe, Koraro npeo6aaaasa KoHTHHeHTazuoTO BBH*HHe4a 'apes aHMaia - Koraro ape-
o6AaAaBR cpenxselwouopcxoTo 8AHaHHe. fpe3 38Mara Baaeacure cbuao cam no'm. HMKAi04H-
TeJIHO BbB BHA Ha Ab*A.
6) O6AaCT Ha nO-CHJIHO nposBeHOTO cpeAx3eMHOMOpCKO KAH-
M a T ai 9 H.0 a A H a H H e- o6xsanua Hail-io1KHHre iarm Ha 'CTpaHaTa : AonnnaTa Ha CTpyMa
Ha ipr OT KpynHHwKHa nponoM; AOANHBTa Ha MecTa BHespoKOncKO x Io1KHHTe 4aCTH 88
AOJlHHara Ha Ape. CpeAHara roAmilaa TeMnepaTypa e max 130 C. CpeAnara ''reunepaTypa
Ha Han-cryAewaa Meceu.e HaA 20C. HMa 3acyxa npe3 AAroro. MeceuwTe B Ha'aAOTO Ha 3x-
Mara Ca C Hail-ronuma cy1Ta Ha aaaeware. CHeroaaaewCHre Ca pfAKOCT.
7. XHAPOJIONCKA pOILfIJ16A HA 6bJWAPh%
1. ,1avuas. PexCHM1T na Ta3H peKa e 06yCAoBeH OT 41H3HKo4reorpa4)CKaTa o6CTaIOBKa B
u4A0T0 it nopeeHe. foia3Ba rOAAM MBACKH MaKCHMyM gepemoua BOAH', OKTOMBpaocKH MH-
HHMyM HIBTopu9eH MaKCHMyM npe3 HOeMBpH - AeKenBpe. Ko4e6aHxara Ha BOAHOTo HHBO Ca
oT6AO9M.
2. Pexume a /IyHaecKama pasmuxa HMaT MBKCHMaHHA BH eOgHHa ua'BOAHOTO CH HH80
npe3 anpHA H Ma11 BbB Bpb3Ka C TOneneTO Ha exeroBerg no ceaepHHTe CKaonOae Ha Crapa
naauuxa H llpeg6anxana. Han-unicEo a mom HM apes cenreMapH' B oirouspw, trecto Htta
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
.,BHCOKH BOAR npe3 ABT.OT0 BbB Bp13Ka C OTAeJIHH EOPONHH Baae)CH. BTOpHAT?MaKI;HMyM e B
c$paH Ha eceHTa H HaganoTO Ha 3HMaTa. B Hafi-AonHaTa 4aCT npHTOUHTe Ha JjyxaB HMaT Ko-
Ae6aHH9 Ha BoAHor//o~ HBBO Ao 4-5,4 M BbB Bpb3Ka c nOAnHp3WOTO My AefICTBHe.
3. Pexume a rOrucHa 6sAzapuH HMaT- MaKCHMyM Ha BHCOKmTe croewH once npe3 anpHA
B AOPH MaPT BbB Bpb3Ka C n0-paHHOTO CTOnRBaHe Ha cHeroBeTe, a MBHHMyM - npe3 cen-
TeMBPH H AopH aBryc'r.
4. Pexume a 1OaOu3mo' Ha BaAaapuR u Haas-Iod/cHume omdeiza ma 6snaapurr HMaT
'Haft-roaeMH Kone6arHSI B orTOKa nopaAH AHnca ra Ha cHe)ICHO 3a,r pNCane. Haft-roJU1Ma onac-
HOCT OT 6bp3o npHHH(AaHe NMa cieA KaTO naAHe ae6eia CHexwa nOKpHBKa,lcoaro no Ha4aA0
He MOHCe Aa ce 3aAbp)CH A-baro BpeMe H Ji Ba BHCOKH BbJHH (BHCOKHTe BbnHH Ha Apua B
HagaAoTO Ha aHYapH npe3 nocneAHHTC HRKOJIKO I-OAHHH).
n03HaBaHeTO Ha pe cH a Ha AaAeHa peKa e OT ro Mo 3HageHHe sa reoAora-npoy4Ba-
TeA BbB BpbBKa C OnaCHOCTTa, KORTO BHCOKHTe BOAR npeACTaBARBaT 3a coHAa1CH1Te npo-
'y4BaHHR B KOpHTaTa Ha peKHTe.
Owe no-rOARM HHTepec npeACTaBJIABa pe)SCHMbT Ha peKHTe 3a xHAporeonora, KOfTO
npoy4aa UOApYCAOBHTe rpyHTOBH BOAH-H BOAHTe iia HHCKHTe TepaCH H 3aAHBHaTa Tepaca,
Tbfl KaTO TexHHRT pe)KHM e ladle CBbp3aH C pe)KHMa Ha peKara. B TaKHBa cayyai XPUIjO-
.reoAorbT Tpa6Ba,Aa norbpcH n0-KOHKpeTHH AaHHH or XHApoMereoponorHwwara cny>lc6a.
8. 143MEPBAHE H H34HCJl lBAHE HA TBbPJ1HA CTQK
Ilpo6neMbT 3a TBbpAHR CTOK e Bbnpoc npeAH BCHUKO OT Kpbra rya AHHaMHuHaTa reo-
JOrH9. HeroBOTO pa3peweHHe 6H rpa6Bano Aa ce?r'bpcH 4pea npeKH H3MepBaHH9.HICTauHO-
HapHH Ha6AK)Ae*H9 c uoMOnlTa Ha lnpeQH3HH ypeAH H Cb0TBeTHa MeroMHKa. npu TOBa
H3MepBaHH9Ta Ha TBbpAHR CTOK Tp96Ba Aa',6bAaT no-AbaroroAHmHH, OTKOAKOTO npH XHApO-
.nONCKHTe Ha6J HOAeHHR, 3a Aa ce nOny4aT no-peaaHH, nO-61H3KH Ao AeflcTBHTeJIHocTTa USIQ)pii.
TbKMO Heo6xOAHMOCTTa OT no-Abarocp04HH Ha6JK)AeHNa Ha TBbPAH9 CTOK Namara a HBKOH
CAy4aH H3130A3yBaHeTO Ha eMnH'PHHHH CpopMyam. B EHeproxHIIponpoeKT ce B3J10n3yBa 4Op-
MyaaTa Ha L. SIpaHOB, K09T0 nOny4H Aocera MHOrO A06pH nOTBbPH(AeHHa Or npeKHTe Ha-
?6Jn0AeHHa npe3 nocJieAHHTe 6 roAHHH. OCHOBHHBT BHA Ha d)OpMyJTaTa e
'M V
F. D,
KbaeTO: T e pee 3a KoJIMarepaHe Ha AaAenO BoAOxpaHMAHtue a rOAHHI%
V- o6eM Ha CbUOTO BOAOYpalHAHu(e B M3;
F - apeaA Ha Bodoc6opnara H TJIaKOC6op#aTa o6aacr B ICM2;
a - Koe4)HUuewT Ha AHcnponopuHOHaJHOCT ; OT'HTa ce or HapoveH rpa4SHK ;
DS - AeHyAauxoHeH MOAy I B M8/KM2/roaxHa, OT4HTa Ce OT HapoveH rpa4niK ;
`AM - o6eMHo TerAO Ha TAaKa ; -
Ac - o6er o Terno Ha npeneceHHa OT AeHyAauaoHHHre npouecH CKaneu MaTeplaA.
CKaAHTe, KOHTO ce pa3pywaBaT OT 4SH3HKO-reOAO)KKHTe npQS(ecH H 4HHTO 4aCTHUB ce
npenacaT CAeA TOBa OT TeganrHre BOAH, HMBT cpeAHO o6eMHo Terno Acp =2,64. Cbn1HTe Ma-
TepHaAH, caeA ifaTo MNHe HsBeCTHO BpeMe OT ovlaraHero HM, HMaT o6eMHo Terao atpp ma
1,50. OT TOBa cieAea, 4e 0,568 o6eu AeHyAHpafa MaTepH9 we 3ansaHH eAHHNUa oteM OT
BOAoxpaHHAHwero. KaTo ce HMa npeABHA OCBeH TOBM, 4e eAHa MaKap H He3Ha4HTeaHa?4acT
-OT CbmHa o6eM we ce 3anbJHH C THH9, OT KOITO OK0A0 200/0 npeACTasiaaaT opraHH4eCKo
BeweCTBO, noiy4euo 6AarOAapeHHe Ha acHMHJIauHOHHa"a AeAHOCT Ha naaHKTOHa H M306w0
,Ha MHKpOOpraHH3MHTe abB BO4OxpaHHAHweTO, H'Ce B MHOro ApyrH OTHOWeHH9 B pa3rAeMC-
AaHaTa 4)OpMyAa ce KpHRT 3H94MTexnH H3TOgHHUH-Ha HerognocTH, we 6bAe AocTaTb4HO Aa
-Ce npneMe, 4e TR HMa-CaeAHHR BRA:
_ 0,56 V
T- a.F.DS
Koe4w HeHTLT Ha AHcnponOpUHOHalHOCT a e Heo6xOAHMO Aa ce Bbbelle BbB Bpb3Ka c
o6CTO$Te,icr'BATO, 4e He cbweCTByBa nponopuHOHaaHOCT MexcJly roneuHHaTa ma BOAoc6op-
Hara o6aacT H KoAngecT8oTo Ha TB-bpAHa CTOK npH eAHaKBH ApyrH ycaoBH9. BoAoapaeBAH-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
mm c no-Manna BoAoc6opHa o6AagT ce KOJ.MaTHpaT no-6bpao or BonoxpaHHJIHnIaTa c- no-
roAana BOAOC6opHa o6AacT npH paenn`npnpoAHx ycaoBHa.H apn pasno ornoweRne Me*Ay-
apeaaHa BoAoc6opRara o6aacr H o6eM aa?eoAOxpaaatiwulero nopaAH BakoanTe Ha ZHApaB?,
nlncara. An" w mannocTia,o6a4e e o6ycaosena Ao roaaMa crenel OT peae4,a Ha
naaea patloH. JO oia Bwrapia Ta e'?no-roaaMa; olxoaxoro s Ceaepna BbarapHs nopaAH?.
Mo3aE98aTa 6AOKoaa TeKTOHMKa H aaaHgaero BBBBpb3xa C ToBa Ha MBOro6poAHH Winn
xoTAOBMHM, KonTO ce HDsISST Kamm aoKaaxH,KOaeKTOpM?HaTBbpAMM cTOK, nagpnMep npH BO--
Aox+paananMreTO Ha asosnp CTaJHH TaKHBa ca KOTAOBHaaTa 11aaaKapoa n CauotcobcKOro none.
TeayAaw1OHHHnT MOAya Dr npeAcrawiaua a6conoTHaTa cKOpOCT Ha AeayAannara, npe-
AHaBHKana OT noBbpxHOCTHO TegaMHTe Boan,3a eAMMMB.a spene m naonl, Halo o6x8BHIa4
CaMO TBbpAMa CTOK 6e3 xHYM4ecKHTe pa3lsopn. OT4HTaHeTo Ha MOAyna npH iiseecTeH Ha-
KnOM Ha TepenacTaBa no eAHa OT npasnre, AaAean B npHaoxceHHe 3---I. npaB4lTe ca one=
cairn is Ta6A. 3-5.
Ta6nnua 3--&
CKSAMM P&3HOU xOCTM - -
I Hume HM
11 MQarMra
TeKTOHCKM HeaaceraaTH BHcoKOKpucTanHHHH cKant it Cneraiaano raaScn, 6a3aaTH,
aBapIIHTH
3,0
TeKroHCKH He3acernaTH 6aaamrOHAHrr aHAeskTH, r'p*HHTH, BapoeHCIM, 1Cpanopii,
-
nopuo3HII _ry4iw
2,5
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npocaoib0, ICoHHraoMepaTM, AOJIOMIh'x
2,0
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giwo ni n. BKaiogH.Teaao agfIe3HTa 0r Cpe4MOropcKara
aeua
IlRC.
bgHHUH, KOHraonepam C OTAeann Mepreasir n -raHwecTM
npocno I n; TeKTOH-
CKH aaCerHarn CKaaH OT no-rope H36pOeHHTe CKaaMH BMAOBe
1,0
DJHW, TyCp t C T?MpHTH M MeprenrH npocioSKH
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'
rJHHecTH naccw
(aprHAOWHcmH), caa6o
cnoeaa ranHecrwnac,,'HHuH
0,6
KAaCTHgmm ceAHMeHrH B MeprenH
0,4
I7pH Harngwero Ha HamIiraTaTa no-rope AacnponopllHOnaanoCT e,asno, qe npH no-ro-
aeMH BoaoxpaHnannla, noAxpaaaaaa oT aan*1KKo npHTOKa,KbHYO Abcr*raT aanpaso AO BOAO-
xpaHHnHHIeTO, giopMyaara noayvasa CneAHHa BHA : '
0,56 V
T= a1 . F1 . D81+a2. F2. D3,+... +a3 . FR Dsn (3,31r
KbM TasH ocHOBHa lpopMyna MoraT Ax ce sHeCaT if3BecTHH KOpeKuHOHHH Koe4)HuaeaTa,
Mexcay KoHTO Ca GieAHHTe : _
p - 3a roAHWHHa xoA Ha Bane)KnTe (p= 1 npn OTnoenTejHO paBHonepno pa3npeAeneane
Ha Baxe)cHTe, p=1,5 npH HaaHwHe Ha a6coACOTHO Cyx ce3ou);
I - 3a 6poa Ha AHHTe c Koae6aHHe na TeanepaTypara Ha Bb3Ayxa oicoao 00 C:
.(30 AHM=1 ; 45 AnH=1,5 ; 60 Ana~2,0 is T. a.) ;
J - 3a 3aAeceHOCrra H 3arpesenocrra (0?/0 rope ii 'aaeaAH = 1,5; 50?/.=1 ; 100%=0,5) ;
a/ -3a paa.paaaTa naoau (45%-1, as acelm npogeHT -Hax 450/e ce npii68sa no 0,01 it
3a BCeKH npoueHT noA 45% ce MsBa1KAa no0,01).
11pH Toaa.Ila iraeHHe OKoagaTenHMRT BHA Ha' MrOpwyaaTa a CAEQIrHa7 :
0,56 V
T=B~.Fi.Da,?P1 ti ?1i a1+82.F2.Ds,.p2?t2?f2.as-I-. +aR.F..Ds,,pM.tn.fn.aff
I1pH nnnca Ha HBKOH OT AaHHHTe, KOHTO Ca Heo6xOAHMH 3a npbAaraweTO Ha ropaata
Mpopuyaa, HBKOH eaenerrH MNe, Aa ce H3nycKar, no Hetnare OCHOBHH enenenru cm
,
56 V
0
109'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3a nO-TOVHOTO x3UHCJIJBaHe Ha BpeMeTO Ha KOJIMarnpaHe e HeO6xoAHMO At NMaMe yKa-
3aHH9 H 3a HagHHa Ha eKCRJIoaTHpane Ha AaAeHo BOAOxpaaHAnn(e. 3aae ce,ge pacinBaHero
Ha no-eApHTe 4)paKuHH ce H3BbpiuBa B AeamH. Te ce ABaaaT KaTo noanop, Rofto o6ycaass
oTAaraHeTO Ha gaCT OT KOnMarauuonHHIl MBTepHaa H381.U BOAOxpaHBJnfLueTo. Ero 3azuo MOHCI
CbC CHrypHOCT Aa ce TBbpAH, tie npeuaraHaTa cpopMyaa Aaaa no HagaAo, no-$aAKa A'bAro-
BegHOCr Ba BOAoxpaHHAHIneTO - AM 3aaHMCeHH pe3yJTaTH.'ToBa e ecrecrBeHo BKatogeHa
CHrypHOCr B npen iaraaara 4)opMyaa. BbnpocHara aaHHnCeHOCT e npH Toss ToAKOHa u-uaaKa,
KOAKOro nO-HHCKC ce cnycKa no pee Ha eKCnaoaTaUHRTa HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa B AaneHO'.BO
1loxpaHHaulue, Tba KaTO no,TO3H HagHH CraBa Bb3MO%HO npeMeCrBaHero Na HauoCHTe Ha
AeiTara KbM AnA60KHTe gacrH Ha BoAoxpaHHAHHIero.
c1opMyAara AaBa 3aHIIHCe1H pe3yaTaTH H nopaAH TOBa, qe 'iacT OT cycneaawHre IIpCMH-
Haear TpaH3HT npe3 BoioxpaaHiinuiero. KoiigecrBOro Ha rpaR3HTHpanluu'5HbpA CTOK aa-
BHCH Cbi$O TBKa OT HaUHH2 Ha eKCnJIOaTaura Ha BOAoxpaHHAntueTO: npH u3TaKale Ha BO-
AaTa, KoraTO BeaaaMa Teuneparypa e no-BHcoKa, no-Maaxo KOAHgecrso cycneH3Ha we npe-
MHHaT TpaH8HT, Tba KaTO TonaaTa BOAa HMa no-HHC'6K BBCKO3HTer H 3aJrbpzCa no-KbCo
epeue AOHeceHHTe OT HPHTOUHTe CyCneH3HH; npH 6bp30 H3TaxaHe OT nO-HHCKa KOra tue ce
H3BaeKaT, T. e. Me. npeuHBaT TpaH3HT, noeege cycneH3H8. O6eM'LT, naou(Ta H A'bJI6O'HHara,
KaKTO H TeMnepalgpHOTI4:paacAoeHme H XHMH3MbT,na BOAaTa HCpBHT;Cbu.O?TaKa MFOro r0-
ABMa pots 3a npeMHHBBaae TpaH3HT Ba no-rOisMO HAW no-MaJiKO KOaHgecTBo Cy6`neH3HH
npe3 BohoxpaRHAHUIeTO. Taxa HanpHMep npa no-roaAMa coHaeirparua ma Ilona fbB BOABTa
Ha AaAeao BoAoxpaHainuue yra8eaaer0 Ha KoaoiAare ce H3(;bpwea n6-6bp3o; C,UHiST npo-
Karo npHMep 3a BIa9HHa, no xoaro MOxce Aa ce apHao*H npeMaranaTa $opuyaa, MO-
HceM Aa B3eMeM p. ApAa npN A3oBHp K%pAHCaAn. 17pH caeAHoTe AaHHH :
V-476500000 Ma ;
! -1882,4 KM2;
a1. 3a cauara ApAa Koe4n uaeaTbr Ha AHCnponopuHOHaAHOCT e no- aawc or 1,0,
06age 3a npexare npHTOrH Ha BoaOxpaHHAHinero, KOHTO ca Aocua, Ha 6poa H
HMaT Boaoc6opeH 6acetH c apean- ace noJX 200 KM2, C'bnniHT KOe4)HnaeHT e HBA
1,0, Taxa qe Moxceu Aa npHeMeM H3BeCTHO KouneHcHpaae. Haa-npaBNAHo 6m 68Ao,
pas6Hpa ce, aKO H3UHCaeHHgTa ce sanpasBr 3a BCeKH nPHTOK noorAeaHO;
Ds=180 (npH HaKJ10H Ha Tepena 17050' H allToAorHo 1,75) ;
P-1,0;
J_1,0;
f-1,016 (apH UaeceHOCT 48,6?/p N caa6a 3a~peeeHocT, KOBTO He 6e a3eTa npeABaA);
a,-1,0
3ah'wBaHero Ha BoJloxpaHHnHwXeTo Ha T03H II30BHp rue 6bAe :
0,56.476 500 000
T= 1882,4. 180.1,016 780 ron.
uec ce cnbBa o63ge npH HaJIagHSTO Ha noBege X MyCHH KaceauHH.
1larerpaJIHHTe KPHBH Ha KOJIMarHpaHeTO Ha HSKoi no-roJieMH aoAOxpaax#Hata noxa3-
saT, 9e npH nosegero or Tax e aacnnaao cc Bpeue 3a6aBaae Ha KOaMaTauaara. B pa3-,
raewAaHara 4)opMyna Tosa 3a6ae%He cbnto He e saerO npemscA, Koero npeACTasaasa eAua,
-1. McTeoponOrHgeCKH Hap'bUHHK 3a HP6bArapNa, 143A. XHApoMeTeopoAOrngecKaTB
cay*6a npN MHH. Ha aeueneJHeTO. Colt)Hl, 1954.
2. XHAponorageH cnpasoganK Ha pexnre s HP 6barapHa, T. I, COQI HI, 143A. HayKa
Fi H3KyCTBO, 1957.
a 1;0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
i
IV. OH3MKO-MEXAHJ4HH CBOhCTBA
HA CTPOI4TEJIHI4TE I1O4BPI
H TBXHOTO JIABOPATOPHO OIIPEJ EJIAHE
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
- A. 06Q3,HAgEHnf
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
G-Teruo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r
Go - Teruo Ha MHHepanHaT3 (TBLpAaTa) 41a3a Ha cTpOHTenHaTa n09Ba . . . r
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a, = o6eMHO Terao Na CTpoaTeJfHaTa nouna 'noA BOAa . . :. r/CMg`
i - Koec)HnHeHT Ha nOQHTe Ha CTponTeJHaTa noun BJ ecrecTaes*o C'bCi e 1
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6) KoceeHH --H3noA3yaar ce npH amc iaaHerq` Ha Apyrare uORa3are7 ;
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'(HHTe B Aa6opaiopHBTa ul~cppoxi noKasateaa as AaAexa, ueTporpa$lKH noose 'He 6HBa
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Haaaao-
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HecKaaHH BHAOBe, KaKTO H npH KaacHipmm panero MM (BHaC IV, 1). OnpeAeasHeTo IFy AaBa
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118
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Obaxa*nnoc1 a OT' 31pea c 4ev CAy
++ er etaesy
ce HapHga $pafisiaa. Ifara aid
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OT 0,1 MM no OKOAO 10 MM, T. e. or Jjpe6ei( 'MHtbu !ib owano Cpea& gaaba.
3a npoaeHKAaueTo na cBTOBHB aHaaH3 ca Heo6xoAMMH caenuwre Mpw6opu:
xa6op CTanuapTail CNTa n0 SAC 216-50), chcTOgtu ce of cwta cbC oaeTW oTaop
Ha AynKHTe' 10; 7; 5; 3; 2; 1; 0,5; 0,28 M'O,i MM';
cyuJHAeH wKa4) c nocTostHHa TeMhepaTypa 1064C;
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nopueaaHOBH 6nioAa Han aayMHHHeBH 6ioccs;
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Or H3cymeHaTa npo*a no MemAa. Ha wTe-bpryeaweTo ce oMHpa epe as OT
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cTpoHTeJHHTe no'BH, Cl bplKaLUM Ape6en ' aiba,Ao oxono 1001 -600' CMa ; OT CTpOff? -
HHTe nogan,:CbAbpH a1UH 1ape6eH H Cpe~ew 'Iakwr, no OKOao 30i -2000 CMS (2 a); npw no-
roafiMo cbAbpacaHHe - 3000 cMa (3 a). OT6paHara npo6a ce magma B Hat-eApore cm ma
nOCTaBeHHTe 8 HH3xoAam peA eueo Bbpxy Apyro CHTa m ce npecwaa pMUO HAM C
noMoutTa?Ha npeceanaTa Man1NHa, AoKaTO Ha$-rbCTRTe CH" He npony/cxaT HHKaNfH g30THUM.
npoBepsaa ce c plMHO oTeaaane Bbpxy 6su1 Ai1CT. xaprwl.
C noMonxTa ma npe?eraewfle ocrarbix i B%pxy Belke CMTO (g) H HagaaaOTO Terao Ma
cyxaTa npo6a ((7) ce H3'HCafaaa nponeNTso?o cbA'bpzaawe we aolpq41paicuwa (X) no Cae*-
HaTa 4lopMyaa .
(4,1) x=g'100 10/a1?
6) ApeaMeTTpOB 4MM3
B ocuOSara as apeeaerpaaasa MeroA aelicH ApxiseAoaHaT aaecM". H3Mepua ce i 4CHS-
uxaTa ce nabTHOCT Ha no9BenaTa cycneH3HA B Hp?MeCa as yTanaafe ita gacvagowe H. !4a-
gHCaaBaHeTo Ha AnaMeTpITe Ha norbaaiuHTe no'weaa gacrHUH 'ce 6a3apa Ha Sazowa Ha
CTOKC.
g.r'-7"=-'Ye,
(4,2) v-2 9
v e cKopocr na no mBawe Ha naeMUHTe as Tt lMCVTA B. cailceK ;
g - 3eMwf yCKOpeawe, 981 cu/c $ ;
r- paAHyc as 'i TMUMTe a cm ;
7 - cneUHd)HIHO Terao Ha gaCTYUMTC a r~cn8;
re - cneUy4lH4H0 Terao Ha BOAaTa1,0 B r'cMS;
71 - wKuwii e; Ha apAaca B CM . CeK
17px roan 2r e AHaMeTbpbT Ha oU,oBa MHC#aHO 3bpao cbc c4)epn4aa cpopMa, ' u$TO
cKOpOCT Hp noTbBaHe B novaena cycnen3a*.e p.ABHa ma AeUcTBMTeaaara CKOpOCT Ha +yTaa-
BaHe Ha AaAeaoTo abpao. CaenosareaHO H3UHCaeHHTe no ropHaTa 4lopuyaa AaaMeTpH Ba
sbpfaaTa we ce Ma?Ma koTe, a nrza aapegewHTe eximmaeHTIH' oare'rpM Ha c4)epw cbe
cbuioTo Cneum4m HO 1ara0 H CM6poCT as liOTbaafe, aammaTO npaaearaBa? MCTMHCKHTe nog-
Be= JISCT WI. Cbraacao onwisTe as i(asarpsam aaneabr Ha Caaic e uxmAe* ,3a vHBe-
paaMM a1j)Ha c Awmermp,'HO-MaabK oT?0,2 MM. [lBpanU 5payaOB000 llaaacaaiM gaonsuW.a
nwanemp OKOao, 0,2 p ciwo 'ae ce wo wnaeaT as CsoKeoaan 1awi. Taw w o6ascTTa IM.
11!
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
, npHAOx(eHHe Ha apeoMerp oBHH aHaJIH3 apu oape4eAaue ,Af~al eTSpa Ha novaeaure vacmwi
Ha CrpoaTeaaara no IBa AexcU B, rpaaBUHTe.ppad Meaty 0,2 MM H 0,2 p.
3a ;nposexcitae~ero Ha, apggaecpopxn, aHanxs` ca Vie Win' H6opB a Ao 10300 emp 3a sr puoMeTpxgeIL CbCTaB 200/200 C, C, Aarem ea 02 ok 0,9950
;
cywxaeu mKa4 C nocroHHHa TeMnepaTypa 1050 C ;
cTbKJIeH uHANHAIp C BMeCTHMOCt 1000 c 3,H AHaierbp 6?0,1 cm;
Mewa nca eJIeKTpHgeCKa ;
TexHaveCKa BeaHa C TerAOBxoCT 290 .50Q r H TOVHOCT 0,01 r;
nopueA HOBO BAH craKneao,6Aipao (H3napHreaHo);
TepMioMe?rsp c H3uepHTeaHa roquocT 0,50c;
KoA6a npTCKamca ;
nscbgHa HAM BoAHa 6awi;
aUTHKOaryJIaunonHO (,1(HCnep3HO) H KoaryaagHOHHO cpeacTBo (250/0-ei aMouBK H HCh,
epJleRMa6teposa Koa6a c o6pareH xAaAHHK ;.
ceIyHAoMep;
HoMorpaMa 3a H3gwcJBBaHe AwaMerpl(Te Ha vacTHUHTe (4)Hr. 4-1);
eKCHKaTop.
OT o6paseua ce B3eMa npo6a, KoHTO OTpa3HBa ocpe weHHa My 31pHOMeTpHVeH CbCraB.
AKO npo6aTa e ecTecTBeHo BJIaMCHa rJIHHa, napaae mo c B3eTHTe 20-25 r no'Ba 3a apeo-
McTpoB aHaAH3 ce ov eAH noqBa 3a onpeAeAHHe Ha BOAHoTO cILIpxcaHHe (B, T. 2). B3eTOTo
KOAHVeCTBo nocTaBHMe B Kon6aTaC o6paTHH6 SJIaAHHK, 3aJIHBaMe a C AeceTOKparno (no
Teruo) KOAHVeCTBO JiecTxaHpaHa BOAa H R BapHM c npH6aseaoTo aHTHKoaryAauHOHHO cpeA-
CTBO B npOJ(?bJIHCeHHe Ha T vac.
H3CTHHaaaTa cycneH3HH, 3a xo9T0. npegnonaraMe, ve He ICbnbpxca sbpHa, no-roJIeMH OT
0,2 MM, HalHBaue B e HOAHrpoBHA IIHAHHAbp m AoJHBaMe c j(ecTHAHpaHa Boua Ao 1 A.
CMecTa paa67.plcBaMe Ao6pe, nyCKaMe B KpaH- Ha pa36bpxBaxero .ceIyHAoMepa H c no-
MoulTa Ha BHHMaTeAHO B?bpeAeHHH B CyCIleH3HBTo apeoMerbp oTgHTaue rbCTOTaTa A caeA
30 ceK., 1, 2, 3, 5,15-H 30`MHH., 1, 2, 6, 24 x 48 vaca. O6HKnoseno 48 ' vaca ca Aocra-
T?bgHH 3a onpeAeasHe Ha KonoHAanaaTa vaCT Ha rAHHaTa. B npoueca Ha aHaAHsa ce HsMepsa
TeMrleparypara Ha cycneHsnclra, B CpeAara Ha uHJInHAbpa c rovaocr Ao 0,50C. 3a nbpsHre
neT apeoMeTpoaH orvera ce npaBH eAHH TeMneparypeH oTVer, a BnocaeAcTBHe reMnepary-
paTa ce H3MepBa npH BCHKO OTTRHTane Ha rbCTOTaTa Ha cycneH3HSIIa.
.lHaMeTpHTe Ha vaCTHUHTe onpeAeAHMe 6e3 H3gHCJIeHHe c noMonlTa Ha HoMOrpaMara Ha
HH)K. Tep-CTenaHAH, AaAeHa Ha 4)Hr. 4-1. 143nox3yBaHeTO Ha HoMorpaMara 3a apeoMeTpo-
BHA alaJIH3 MOHCe Aa cTaxe caeA npegBapHTeaHoTo A npHCHOCO6HBaHe (TapxpaHe) KIM
onpeAenea apeoMeT?bp. OTHOCHO TapHpaHero Ha apeoMerpx Bxxc B HHKON or necovexxre cne-
uHaAHH TpyAOBe B KpaH Ha Hacroawara raaea.
CyMapxoTO npoueHTHO CIJ(Ipxcauxe x Ha vaCTHuHTe B CycneH3HHTa H31IMCAABaMe no
cieunara 4)opMyaa:
(4,3) x? T p (R+m),
7-1'G
K?bAeTO 7 e cneum(pxvno Teruo Ha CTpoHTeAHara nOVBa B r/cH3;
p - npOUeHTHO CbAbpxcaHHe Ha vaCTHUaTe B cyCaeH3HHra KaTO vacT OT o6moTo
TerJO, a cayvaH paBHO Ha 100%; To e no-MaJKO OT 100%, Koraro HMaMe va-
CTHUK, n0-rOJIeMH OT 0,2 MM (BH)C nOATOgKa a na HaCTOHnlara TovKa 1) ;
G - a6cojnorxo cyxo Teruo HaB3eraTa npo6a B r;
R - oKoHwareneH orveT no apeoMerbpa;
m - TeMnepaTypHa nonpaBKa Ha apeoMerbpa (BHo( (Ow. 4-1).
A6coAI0rHo CYXOTO Teruo Ha ecrecTBeuo BAaxcHH o6pa3uH onpeAeJHMe c nOMOIUra Ha
BOAHOTO HM C1Jlbp)Kanxe (w) no (lopIyaaTa
(4,4) 100 Gm (r)
100+w
KbAeTo G e Teruo Ha B3eTOTO KOAHVeCTBo ecrecrseuo Bnaxcua CTpoITenHa nogBa 3a apeo-
Merpoa aHaAHs B r; oCTaHaAHTe o6o3HaveHHH Bnxc no-rope.
AKO obpaseubT,-OT KofTo cMe B3eax npo6a sa apeomerpoB auaAxa, He e ecTecTBeHp
BaaxceH, nnpeAeJwaeTo MB a6COJIioTHO CyxoTo Teruo Ha a3eTOTO KOAHVeCTBO cTpOHTeIHa
nogBa 39 sbpBOMeTpxveH aHaAH3.CraBa CAeA. 3aBbpwBaHe Ha aaaaxsa vpea -HSnapeMxe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
/I2?M08/UM7
J7,q ?W,VM, O/UM7M (7 11,0.?4W8#ll HO C/IlOlO
TuT-- I
d'?fat -d
ru r; I
L=? dat-d
Iu1l-,.L
Ta r- l
I&L+II
Ilrrd- I
T?
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
28
27
28
29
30
A,mw1n4l No
C=O,
L
4)Nr. 4-1. HoMorpaMa na Tep-CTenanan sa apeoMeTpoa aaaAH3 Ha CIpoMTenHH novae
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CycnenMH a s eAaomnposax w aiwAbp ce npecva .c . HoaryaauaofBnaoo cpegcrso,..nasy-
genara yraoxa ce o6e3Bojw a gpe3 sanapRBae na nacwaa mm BoJsJSSa Am it ce npM-
TerJi, caeA KaTO H3CrMHe B eKCHKarop.
3a CbKpaataaaae Ha BpeMero 3a nposeziaae as aawm3a as 38. e Ea. TOq-
.HocTra my a Heo6xoumco wbpaamere noWBM AA 6bnaT Haopon A a pa*ra cbc
Bana3eHa'saaacHOCT.
B) KOM6HBHpaH 3'6pfOMeTpR9eI aH 3
B npHpoAara p8AKO ce cpemar cTpoare m noggin, 3%pueMeTpagss:HRT cbcras as xenTo
Moore Aa ce onpeAeai canto c npMourra Ha apeowerpoean McTOL [lopeAM Tom ce naAara
Too Aa 6%Ae cbgeTaa c oHHCBBHH B noArogxa a cams anaatt3. Kou6HHapamui dRaAHs CO!
npoBeewAa Hall-yAo6no, KaTO oT cyxH$ H npereraeu earepaaa OTMaeu Bbpxy cHro C AHa-
Merbp Ha 'AynxxTe 0,1 MM- BCHIHOI no-$HHH UBCTHUH. Axo e Heo6xoAHMO gacTauiffe,' no-
roJSeMH Cr 0,1 MM, KOHTO ocTBBar Bbpxy cHTOro, npecswaMe npe3 ApyriTe Cara Ha na6opa
H no ?opt yaa (4-1) onpeAe i e npoueHraoTo cb)rbpxcauHe Ha 4)paKwtaTe. HpeMnfaaara
cycneuauf npes cHTOTO c AHaMemp Ha AynKHre 0,1 MM oTHea 3a apeoMeTpos aHIAHa no
noATogxa 6. fpoiteHTHOTO CbAtpacaHHe Ha nogaeHare gaCTHgn B WbTRAKaTa, H3pa3eno Te-
rJSOBHd no OTHOmeHHe Ha BaeroTO KoJHgecTBO cyx MarepHax, npe TaBasa 'CTOSHOCrTa p
BbB cpopwyna (4,3).
I7pH KoM66HHpaa aHaAHS Ha pa3aHgHH BHAoae crpoHTeaaa nogsa ce B3eMaT CAeAHHTe
KojHgeCTBa:
necbgaHBa rxHHa - oKOao 15-25 r (cyxo TerAo),
rAHHeCTH naCbuf - Ao 50 r,
4)HHH H npaxoaa nacbun Ao 80-100 r.
r) BH3yaaeH meTOA UHHII'PH ,
Ha AHCT xapmms ce HagepTaBa oxpbxcHocT, pa3AeneHa Ha oceu ceKTOpa, B KOH'ro ce
HaEacaT HarbCTO OKpbKCHOCTH CbC cneAnwre AHaMeTpH : 0,1 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 5 H 7 MM.
11SCbKbT Han Ape6HHAT gaK%x ce HaCHnBa B cpeAara Ha'OKpbzHocTTa.H c noMozuTa Ha Ayna
ce onpeAeaa nOCaeAOBareASO pasMspbT Ha 3apaara, CpaBHaBaosm ra C HagepraHHTe.oKpbX-
HocTH. HaSBaHneTO Ha nogeaTa ce onpeAeia no npeo6AaAaBasuaTa $paIculu cbrntaCHO caeA-
HaTa Ta6JJHgKa:
1. 17stcbx cHTeH - 0,05 Ao 0,1 MM ;
2. IInCbK Ape6en - 0,1 Ao 0,25 MM ;
3. 11ncaK cpeAea - 0,25 Ao 1,0 MM ;
4. ilscrbx eAbp --1,0 Ao 2,0 MM ;
5. 'IarbA Ape6en - 2,0 Ao 5,0 MM ;
6. '4aK'bJ cpeAea - 5,0 Ao 7,0 MM.
3 a 6 e Ji e HC K a. 4 paKw nTe,, no-roxeMH oT 7,0 MM (cpeAea n eA'bp gaKbJ), Morar AR
ce onpeueanr c noMOI Ta Ha KBaApaTHa Mpeaca cbc cb0TBeTHMTe pa3wepH, HagepTaaa ebsuo
Ha AHCT xapTna. 3a yaecneHne npH pa6oza cbc caeTbJS n1CbK OKpbMHOCTHTe Ha ma6aoua
MmJCe Aa 6bAaT gepHn Ha 6na 41on, a npn pa6oTa c rbMeH nsicbK - o6paTHo.
A) IIOACKH McTOA Ha PyTKOBCKH
T03H McTOA e HaMepHA WHpoKO npnaoxceuHe npH npe mapnTeJIHx If MacoBH aHaAn3H c
o} ., HTHpOVbgHa -ueA. C Heroaa4Iouonu Moxce Aa 6'iAe onpeAeaeno c% bpwaaneTo na caeA-
HHJ a (ppaxuns : ,
a) gaicbAecTm x eAponecbgJHBu c AMaMeTbp > 1 MM ;
6) nacbgaH 1-0,05 MM;
B) npaxoBx 0,05-0,002 aim ;
r) rJHHecTH < 0,002.
3a nposeiCAaHero Ha Meroia_ca Heo6xoAxuH cneAaare npn6opn:
CHTO C AHauerbp na AynJCHTe 1 MM ;
CrbxaeH rpaJprnpaa UHAHHAbp C BMeCTHMOCT 100 c&a, AHa&emp 2,25 cm H Bacognaa
Ha rpaAynpaHaTa gacT 25 CM;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
cTwcaesa npbvia t rymea,Ba1paHwwIK;
pa3mmop er Kaa.ea AByxaopiA (5,5 r me 100 cM3 noAa)
ceKyHAoMep HaH 9aCOBHHK CbC cexyHAapHHK;
nopueiaNOB Yasas c ryMeH netn'MK.
me) Or crew HaTa novae, xoATO e BbB BbanywHo cyxo CbqeAMMe, ce of6HpI cpeAUa
npo6a. CneneHHre 3bpHa ce pa3TpHBaT BHHMaTe3HO B nopueaaHOBHA xaeaH c ryMeaa He-
CTHx. OT TaKa npepa6oTeHara novaa c nOMOUITa Ha rpaAyxpaHH9 uwiHHAbp ce BseuOT
100 CMa. I.1HJHHAbp'b?T,ce a iwi in Medal nppaw HpM nacmoom yliapn C'aC crbxaeHaTa
npb9HUa c ryMeH MaKpaHnlHHK. OTMepeaaTa npo6a ce npecaBa. npea CHTo c Aaaxerbp Ha
AyBw4Tt I Mil. OcTarbKby Bbpa CJITO!O ce MBCMBBa - oTHOM B UH1MMBbpa H ce 7 $MHABa
HO MUM IjiU*'H. QTMCYbT M CM3 ON BanpiBO upO.ueLTWO C'barbp)KaHAe x no 408"-
uHHre C AMMM=%P, I1O-rOASM OT I MM, CbAbpxamn ce B O6BiOTO Kens4eCl9R app h.
66) Or npeMHHawa u, CHro'o Bpo6a ce HaCMnaaT 10 CM3 B cTbiuieaa =gHO alpi
neco ymbrHAaane. HMBwa ?ce 4HCTa BARB Ao 100 cM3 M CMec'ra- ce pa36zpc= r"piaKn m
CbC Cr'bjUIeHaTa np'b9Ka. CneA 90 ceK., C4HTaHH OT KpaB Ha 6t pKaie,n, OT ' MbTf7-Kan ce
OTaMBaa' 70--75 CMa, r. e. ci'i s6 c earn waa 18 CM, M3MepiUa eT nOBbpIHCcT a cyc-
neH3MATa (B gMcigATrpa OcTaiaT 25-30 CMa), Ic*T'O ce BHBMaMa' yTaf caTi its at ce a s6'bW
H H3iee. CneA Tow xaMOBR ce Hausa 4HcTa aopA Ao 100 .cm3. Two npo+Uec' Ma a+popm-
Baae npoAbAxtaaa Aororaca, AOKa'rO cTba67.T BOAS HaA yTafKaca CaeA H3MHHAMBCTO Ha 90 M.
cTaHe 6HCTbp. 3a KOHTpoia Ha npOMHBKaTa Ha HBKOJKO ITTH ce HanHB* werA sou AO
30 CMa, CyCneM3HAT9 ce pa36'bpKaa n CaeA xaro npecTOH 30 ceK., ce orrtiBa acwiKaTA cyc-
neHaNA AO yTaflKaTa.
KoraTO KOHTpOAHHTe npOMHBKH npHKAK)4aT, IIHAMHA'bp'bT Ce Hanbiaa C M" , it - CJIeA
15-20 MHH. ce OT4HTa 06eM'bT (V) Ha, yTaHAHA ? ce nBC%K. llpoueUM0To CSA#rp}KarHe.
Ha nACbKa B H3CJIeABaHaTa CTpOHTeJIHa nO4Ba ce onpeAeuu no 4opMynasa
y_V.(100-x) 10 (%),
K'bAeTO y e npOUCHTHO cb}abpBCa,He Na yacTHUHTe c d 1- 0,05 MM B H3cneABanara npo6a ;
V- o6em me yiawaHa,ce nICBK B cM3, onpeAeaeu cbrnaceo r. 66;
x - ApoueBTHO Cbmbp*aHMe as 4acTHUare C AHaMerbp, nO-ron*M or 1 MM, onpe.
Aenewo cbrAacao T. aa.
BB) B rpaAyHpanHA uHAHHAbp c o6em 100 CM3 HaCBIIBaMe 5 CMa OT npo6ara, npeMH-
Haia ape3 CHTOTO C AHaMeTbp Ha AynKHTe 1 MM, KaTO A ynAbTHABaMe. CaeA Halo IIO4B8Ta
CTaHe pOxKaBa, ce HaiHBaT 50-70 CMa BOAa H CyCneH3HHTa ce pa36bpKBa rprniai sO CbC
crbKieHa npb4Ka, cHa6AeHa c ryieH HaKpaJIuHHK, AOKaTO paaAeJHM rJHHeCTHTe 4acTHUH
OT neCbgJIHBHTe H npaxOBHTe. Paa6bpgaanero npoAbAMCaaa AO H34e3BaHe Ha cMa3BanIoTO
AeflcTBae Ha rnHHecTHTe 4acTHUH, CbJ p)KaWH C6 B nogaaT1, npH pa3TpHBaHeTO A 0 CTe-
HaTa Ha uHAHHAbpa. HanHBane 3 CM3 or HpErOTBCHHH pa3raop Ha xaiuHeBHA AByxnopHA,
AOnbJBaMe uHiHHAbpa AO 100 CM3*C BOAa H OCTaBHMe CyCneH3HBTa B nOKOf, AOKaTO yTafi-
KaTa npecraue Aa yBelln4aBa o6eMa CH. OTHocHTP.JIHOTO HapacTBaHe Ha 06eMa ma yrafKaTa
H34HCiiBaMe c noMomra CneAHaTa 4)opMyia:
(4,6)
KbAeTO I( e HapacTBaHe Ha o6eMa Ha 1 CM3 CTpoHTerHa n04Ba;
V - 06eM Ha )TaAKaTa B nHJIHKA'bpa cneA Ha6b6Baaero B NO Vo - nbpBonagaaen o6em Ha CTpoHTeAHara no4Ba, paaeH Ha 5 cM3.
C HOMOtUTB Ha Ta6Jnwa 4-2 OnpeAeisiue npOUeHTHOTO Cb]rbp1KaHMe (Zb) Ha,riHHecTH-
Te gaCTHIXH ( 1,1-0,05
H < 0,002 wt, r. e.
(4,8) 4= 100 - (x-f-y+z) 101-1
e) Tpa41HgH0 Hao6pa3SIBaHe Ha 3bpHOMeTpHgHHO cbcTaB
PeayrraTHre or aaOoparopHoro o eaaHe Ha 3bpnoMeTpagHH2 c'UCTaB ce H3o6pa3H?
Hap-9ec1'o rpa4pHVecxH B noayaoraparMHYea Mau;a6
to no opAHHaTHaTa oc
H
,
ce
Hfr
B McTpH9eH Manca6 HTe) sbpea 07
TCTJIOBHHTe npoueHTH Ha 3aAbpxcaHHre (Ran npeMHHaa
cnro c AHaMerbp d, a no a6cuicnara.oc ce Hafacar B norapHT$xgea Mania6 nHaMerpHre d
Ha 3bpHaTa B MM. KOAKOTO e no-Abara H c no-nocTOHHeH HaKIIOH KpHBara, roaxona MaTe-
pHaabT e no-pa3HoponeH. KT.cHre x crpI.MHH cyuapmi xpHBH HspaaaBar eAHOpOAHOCT Ha
3'bpROMelpHiHHH cbcraB.
Ha 4)wr. 4-2 ca 11aAemH HRKOJKO 3'bpHOMeTpRgHH xpHBH Ha pa3J fgHH cTponTenHH
nOgBH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
pc q
30
Yang
/IACbff'
flpir
rmw
fabp
Ems.
a
a s
~
ti'S
O
20
SO -
2
5
a7 qo2
? 45 4~
p 0
gal?
4Q2S
L
0! O
4.
Y/1
,
,
.10 p a
4Br. 4-2. XapaxrepaH 3bpHOMeTpH4uH xpHBH a nonynorapHTMHVen
Macua6
3a H3pa3naaaeHa no-ronaM 6pof 3bpaoreTpa1Ha aUanH3H ce H3noyaa TpHbrbnaa
AHarpaMa, KoRTO 3a cMecexH rnaHeCtH H nncauHH noqBH e npacnoco6eaa a pou6oaa AHa-
Aoae,,a B ApyrHH - Ha rnxaecmTe. B cayvaa Karo o6Hta cTpaaa Ha AaaTa TpabranaI4Ka ce
HBABa naxHHTa Ha HyneaoTO cbubpxcasae Ha rnasecTaTa d paxuan ( 0,25) - 3a nncbvHHTe BHAOae. 3bpaoMeTpwmuT/
cbcraa ce H3pa3KBa Bbpxy Ta3H naarpaMa c ToeKH, Karo Ha AHarpaMaTa ce aaaacn npoueHT-
HoTO c7 xl pNcaHae as Tpare OcaoaaH rpynH #aKuHH : nncbvaa (2 - 0,05 MM), npaxoaa
(0,05-0,005 MM) H 4 JrnHecTa (15
CpeAHo ?paeaosb HecTH (rmraecn 'nsesm raHgecT aioc}~ 15-5
Pasnosbpaecnl aioc, naCiuH, npaz) lsare Na. sbpao-
McTpaeaata cbcraY. ObtumT 9MocrarbK' Ha :TO3H areloA' ce Kpife u, asrumvila Sege
3BM$HA Na ARaCTaHTeJHiaTe pa*epw Na 3'bpHala ' C. an napelNate e*mmmmm ? c$lepa.
3a cpaaiaaele o6ace HOH7ReMHTe no To3H McTOA pesyaTata Moral Aa 6%*T a3nOA3yBaBH
C ycMaf.
3%pnoMerpagmvra [pilaf as AaAeRa cTpoinenna mm mom Aa 6aAe sekenena c Ao-
6pe npHAaraia KbM Rea noAaron (HagyneHa AHHHi), Ka*ro e AaupmHO Ha 4)Ar. 4- 5.
7- fT
1111 J.-I
.111-111 "ITUT Isil-
14 &1 40 1 qj '4Z 41 ,?a all
(bir. 4-5. npHMep 3a onpeAe3HHe cneun4)agaara no8lpXH000?
Karo ce HMar npeAVIa t4031IMHaa'I'!,'it(d1's',ca XaAlaa r u,--Ma(Me
pa ce, aanawaT ' $op-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 k
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
(4,12) s'lk= 7. ?_ U{k rte,'
icbAeTO Utk e KoHctaHTa, xapaxTepeaxpau*a cnege4xquaTa noebpzawia Ha 4 paKgaiTa C
axaMeTpH Ha abpHaTa di x dk;.
efk - cneux4x4Ha noaspxHmHa Ha *paicw ara or di Ad dk "e .tom fl bTHB ( Ba ;
e'lk - cb1UOTO, HO B eAWH rpaM nom;
dl - AoaeH (no-kaabx) npe4eaee ,1 aaerbp - er 4paKUHATa a CU ;
dk rO1eH (n9-roawM) npet[IeaeH Aaienp. ua $ asa a cM ;
7- cneux$a4_ao 'rer4o a& crpoarea & 4o4pa, . rte.., , I
CyMapHaTa cneuH$1, a p=HUHa 0 Ha ne7totynHata' nova o; 1 lcw nnbTSa us' ca e
paelt ha Oft" Of, cne * mqm, a tlae'a imisa ma aR1aMBeITe
{4,13)- 4,r* ?Pr~ta-tfeel)
rc'bAeTO pik e ppouearmoro CbAbpacaHxe ua 41paKUUara B aAca atH; ;
m - 66pO Ha ~~ppaaKgaxre; ocTanaauTe o6o3Hagepaa ca KaKTO npx gapapea?(#,12).
Na'lycaareienra padira ce a6aex'4aaa.aaiNTe'A1 ,, aKO 6aerr 1' 11t - Ha
TadaHua 4-4.
Ta6Aaga 4-4
dl-Vlb
U/k1
CM,
cut
aN
e?
ttt 3* y=2.11 as x,15
5-2'.
17
20
7?
7
2-1
40
43
16'
15
1--4
80
4
31
31
160 -
173
64
63
0,25x?-6~,a5
300
2
312
116
113
0,15-~A.f+6
486
2
492
182
179
0,1a -4,tl6
800
1
864
320
314
0,05--0,02 i
1714
3
,1,962
727
713
0,02--0,0'l
4000
721
4'326
1602
1573
0,01-0,005
8000
1 442
8652
04
3
3146
0,005-0,002
17140
:3.373
2
~
T 141
0,002-0,001
40000
7 212*
43272
1
6 027
f5 735
0,001-0,0005
80000
:14`424
880544
32,4
U47~
B TaKbs cny4a11 Or 3bpHOMeTpH'Hara Kpaaa OTRuT*Ke B a5coaq U eA(HHUH TerJOa
mere npoueHTIH cbAbpN u1 p a&, i I Ta s la6* * gIfl a axRTo ywaoxaaame cbc
cbomemwre cnenH4)a4uH noBbpAMBHH' elk or ra6.u uaTa (ao&oaa 4) a rH c%A1 paMe. iloay-
4eHaTa cywa npeACraeaana rspceaaTa Cneu ugaa nO*bVX4 Y*a,
CyMapaara cneLUCL H4Ha,it pxaAet'd AHI~ Ky6 then, thewMerbp crpoHreasa no'aa
' 1 qk
(4j14) P
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KT,Aero n e o6eM Ha nopnre a a6comotHM eANHHgn;
p - npoueHTHO CbA'bpxcaHHe sa $paxm+aTa cbc cpeAen AHaueTbp dip s a6co-
mOTHU eAHHHUH;
dp - cpeAeH AHaNeTbp
di sst dk BHHC npH Cpopiyaa (4,12).
d`p=dj+dk
2
(4,16) n)j 9ik.Prk
9x e Heo6xolulMa sa KoparHpaHara CpopMyaa as Kpsorep (4,72). 12 B Ta6JHUa 4-4 (KoaoHa 2) Ca AaAeHH croAHOCTO 33 =d xo MOra .A$ 6a-
JCaT H3HOn3yB3AH BbB Bpb3Ka c 4popMyna (4,14). dc P
EAHo cpasHeHHe Ha KoaOHa 2 c KOAOHa 4RoIa3Ba, 4e CrofHOCTHTe HM ce pa3nH9asaT
c 4-80/,. 'KaTO ce HMaT npeABNA' BautuTeAonycKarHB, HanpaBeHH npH H3BOAHTe Ha
4)opMyJHre sa cneua4flf'mHTe nosipikkEm, Tp86sa.Aa ce nocogx, 9e H sere 4sopMynH
(4,14) H (4,16) MoraT Aa 6'AaT HsnoasyaaHH sa onpeAeaaue Ha cneuu4ni'nara noabpxnuua
a 1 CMS novaa (saeAHO ' c nopuTe).
TIpuMe'p:.
HanoaayBaue s'bpnoxeTpwrnara KpaBaa OT Cnir. 4-5. 06ewbr Ha nopHr n-0,36. Pe-
meHHeTo e AaAeHO B Ta6aHUHa CpopMa (Ta6n. 4-5).
Ta6axua 4-5
Opskam.
dj--d~~ ' MM
('1.KbpMamm .Ha gp8X-
WnlTe, P
jdcP
"0
5-0
I
0,06
1,02
1,20
2-1
0,08
3,20
3,44
1-0
5
0,
10,32;
,
0,5-0,25
,
0,13
20,80
22,49
0
25-0
15
0,10
30,0Q
31,20
,
,
15-0
10
0
i 0,09
43,20
44,28
,
,
10-0
0
05
0,15
120,00
129,60
,
,
0
05-40
02
0,16
2T4,24
313,92
,
,
0,02-0,01
0,11
440,00
475,86
1,00 942,06 1032,31. '.,
1
170!, spopMVaa (4,14) 91942,06 (1-036)603 am
170 40puyaa (4,16) 91x1032,31.0,64=660 $
HIpexhrasnsma TernoTO Ha e.HHHUa' 06ex nm,rssta marepsisi 6es' B13Ayx `3 Rona. HdMHpa '
Ce B THCHa saBHCHMOCT OT MHHepanrHH CbC7aB Ha CTpOHTenHHTe nO'IBH.
YnoTpe6HBa ce B KagecTBbm !Ha 'noMouwa nejHqupa npH H39HCaeuHeTO ua HBKOH.
4nI3HYeCKH noKasaTenH H npH buelKiTa, na HHKOH caoACTBB Ha cTpoHTenmHTe no9BH (BH'uc
mass 1II).
a~ CIIe1(H( HgBo TerJlo, `)' I'/CM"
2. IIJf'hTHOCT HA CTPOHTEJIHHTE I1O'IBII .
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
peaeJmxero my ce Hanspmsa cbrnacno BAC 646. 3a sera ca seo61OAaMH''CMei{nMTe
Y
nHKHOMerbp OT 100 cM3;
TeXHmgecKa Be3Ha C TO'HOCT 0,01 r c rpaMone;
cymHnen IKa4) c nocToAHHa TeMnepaTypa 1050 C ;
repM99erbp;
OT Bb3AymHO cyxaTa crpoHTeana nogea ce oT6Hpa ` cpe wa npo6a no MeroAa as aeT
BbpTyBaneTO. AKO Ta CaAbp*ca 9aCTHIH, 'uo-roneuH 'or 2 MM, ce npecaBa npe3 ABYMB H,
MerpOBOTO CHTO. EApaTa gaCr ce pa3Apo6asa MexaawgecKH H ce Ao6aBa KT.M cpeA,
Hara ppo6a:
OT He9 Ce B3CMaT oKOno 15 r 3a BceKH nHKHoifer'bp H ce Hacywasar B CXInH
mKaq). tl3cymenara npo6a npererASAMe To4HO H nocrasnue B nHKHoMelbpa, HaauBaMe Ae,.
CTHAHpaHa'BOAa B KOAHgeCrBO, npH6AH3nreAHO I/3 OT BMeCTHMOCTTa My, p BapBM cuecn p
upoA axceHHe Ha n0AOBHH vac (nacbuu)'BJH eAHn vac' (rnnHH). Cneu KaTO Ce AOnbnHH C
AecTHaHpana BoAa, nHKHoMer'bp'br C npo6aTa Ce OCTaaa Aa H3cTBHe Ao 200C, nono)KemHeTo
Ha MeuHcKyca ce nonpasa c npH6aB5IHe Ha HSKOaKO KanKH BOAa H nHKHOMerbpb ce npe-
TefAA. AKo nnxnoMemp'bT He e Tapapan, npeABapareJHo ce Han'biBa C AecTHJH aHa BoAa
npB 200 C n ce npererna. Cnewi4ntgHOro rerno (1) ceonpeaena no (popMynaTa
(4,17) G+GI-Gz Tao' Ir/CMa,
K'bAeTO G e rerno Ha H3cymeHaTa Ao nOCTOawHO Ternonpo6a a r;
G1- Terno Ha nHKHoMerbpa, HanbaneH AO geprara c BoAa npH 200 C a r ;
Ga - rerno Ha nHKHOMerbpa c HacnnanaTa B Hero noqBa H BoAa npH 2M C,
Hamra go gepTara, B r ;
T?o - eneuH4)Hgno rerno Ha BoAaTa npa 200C, pasauBauno'ce Ha 0,998235 r/cuS.
T,,e MOMce Aa 6bAe npeHe6perHaro, 3aluoro CTofiHocrTa my e IIpH6AH3Hrenao paBHa Ha
eAHHHu,a. ToBa He ce orpa3sBa CbuLecrseno na pe3ynrara, Tbfi Kano CneuHtnigHOm jerao
ce H3'HCAsBa 06HKHOBeHO Ao ABa snaKa cneA AecemH3r'a TogKa.
lpH ronsMa TO'HOCT Ha onpeAenane ocaeH T=,? r$6aa Aa ce BaeMe npeABHA H'KOhn-
gecTBoro MoneKynapao cabp3ana BoAa. Toga o6CroaTencrBO BaHcn oco6eao MHoro nps onpe-
AeaaHe Ha Cnewn4)HVHOTO Terno Ha 4 nHoAHCnepCHH MaTepnaJIH. CneuH4usgnoro Terno Ha
4 HHOAHCnepCHH no'mH, HOgBH CaKTsaH$ KOIIOHAB H. 3acOAeu#i nOMBH ce onpeAena c ano-
Aapna TeUHOCT (Hanp. CC14, ra3, 6en3on HAH Ap.) BMecTO c BoAa. IIpH Tosa oTcrpaHaBa-
HeTO Ha Bb3Ayxa OT flOgBaTa crasa C IIOMOIITa Ha BaKyyM B npOA'bABCeBHe. Hain-Mamco Ha
ABa,HaAecer Baca.
CneuH ngHoro Terno ce A3gHCAHBa no lpopwyaara
CHTO C AHaMemp Ha AyUKHTe 2 MM ;
nopuenanono Han crE.Kaeno 6niogo;
xasaH 3aCrpHBane Ha npo6ara;
nECbgHa 6aHa;
BOAHa 6aHH.
G
= G+ G1- (it ? To (r/cM ,
u,bAero Ta e cneus4)siquo Terno Ha anonapnara TeuHocT a T/cu3.
OcranaJIBTe o6o3Bageum Ca KaKTO npH 4)opMyaa (4-17).
CnopeA A. E. IIOnwHH, Kofiro e o6pa6oTH4 MHOHCeCTBO Pe3yaraTH no MerOAHTe na Ma-
TeMarngecKara CTaTHCTHKa, aKO Mo)Kem Aa orHeceM o6paaeua Aoc arbquo AocTOBepao KbM
eAHH OT OCHOBHHTe BHAOBe no9Ba H aKO Toff He c%Abpxca.opraHHgeCKH BeulecTBa H BOAo-
pa3TBopiMH COAH, cneun4nsgnoro rerno MOBce Aa 6bAe npAero no caeAnuH HagHH (sa C'b-
BeTCKHa CbIo3) :
3a nac1,uH 2,66 r/cM3 c Bepoaraa rpemxa ? 0,36% ;
3a rJHnecTH nsCbun 2,70 r/cM3 C BeposTHa rpemxa ? 0,63%;
3a neCbMJIHBH rJHHH 2,71 ~rlcu3 c aepoarna rpemxa t 0,74%
3a '
I
2
74
3
I
HHH
,
r/cM
c BepoarHa rpemxa ? 0,990/.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HpxcbermieTo,ma Tema MHaepaAH '(APIMoMHT, nllpxr H Ap.) yaella4aaa O"Fec+lramOTO
Teruo, a OpraHH4eCKHTe npxMecu (xyMyCHH H Top4 eHH) ro HaManaBaT.
Ta6JHua 4-6
Cnen?H4)H4HO Teruo Ha MHHepaJIM, BJIH3aUkH B CbCTaBA ea milCnepCHHTe
CTpowre3IHH nO4BH
aBrHT
3,18-3,60
enHAOT
3,25-3,50
MycuomHT
2,76-3,10
aM(OH6oa
3,00-3,50
HJHT
2,80-2,91
Ht4mn S
2,55-2,65
alxHApHT
2,80-3,00
KanMHT
2,60-2,80
HOHTPOHHT
1,73-1,87
5
anaTHT
3,18-3,21
taoJINHaT
2,58-2,65.
OpTOU93
2,
54-2,58
aparoxar
2,92-3,00
tcsapu
2,50-2,80
niarxoKnaa
2,61-2,76
6a4AenHT
2;60"
JIHMOMHT
2,70-4,31)
cepnewHH
2,5p-2,70
'
6aoTHT
2,70-3,40
Marne3HT
2,90-3,12
Tam .
2,60-
2,82
rnnc
2,20-2,40
MarneTBt
4,50-5,30
xaaya3HT
2,00-2,20
rnayKMRT
2,20-2,86
MHKpOKAHN
2,54-2,57
XeMaTHT
4,50-5,30
A+w-OMnT
3,25-x,50.
MoHl*opnao- '
nJtopHT
2,60.3,00
mIT
2,00-2,20
6) O6eMHO Term, r$CMa
l1peAcTasnaBa TeraOTO Ha ejHHHga o6eM OT n04BaTa 3aeAHO C nopHTe a ci ab+pxCa*
HHeTo HM.
YnoTpe6ma ce npa BCHgKH 3eMHOMexaHH4HH H34HcaeHHM (BHxc rJI. 21).
PaanH4aBaMe HMKOaICO Blima o6eMHx Term.
O6emmo memo ma a daNcfta cmpoame ma nogaa
d, r/,093
UpeAcraBMHBa o6euSOTO Teruo BM Mawa, 'tact or Bopare Ma ienro ca 3 aaeaa c
BOA1. Oupemeaa ce c'ar aOBo SJL6 647.
c pent ilpbcreH
Heo6xo*HMK npn60pn:
Meranageciu npbcres cbc 3aocTpeH peJtent pb6, aaaMeTbp OT 5 Ao 15 CB, BKOagwUa
oT 2 AO 5=10 CM H Ae6enasa Ha creHara 1,5-2,0 MM ;
TexHS4ecKa Be3sa C'TeraossocT 200-500 r H To4HOCr 0,01 c rpaioae;
cTbKJleaa aAogKa c nerpaeBa nauwixa HAK Apyr C%A;
CCTbp HOMO C TBbpAa npaBa pexceean 4acr.
Bbpxy Hesapywessa o6pa3en ce nocta68 npbCTeHbT cac 3aocTpeaHH Kpaf HaAOJIy it
KaTO ce npiAbp)Ka, ce s3pftaBa crba64e or no4BaTa c AHaMeTbp, Mamo n0-roJHM OT T03H Ba
npbcTeHa. EAHOBpeMeHHo c Ton 'npbCTev*T nocrenenme ce naXJIy3u Ida crwi64eTS, )8bkaTO
ce 3arriaiH c npo6a. H3JIxu mKbT OT iio ia, HarH3Mu 'OTrOpe it OT* Iay or tepbcresa, ce
BspH3Ea B'saftaTenso c nom, tare ce mpaasnBa mo6pe c tlpawn ara n rlpbcTega. 06eM-
Iiaro Term (e) ta' npd6ara ce ottpeMe isi no g opuyIla?a
(4,19) A= `r/cm(,
wi teTo G e TeCJIOTO Ha BBa*Bara, aapa3aHa c npbcTeHa np36a, a r
o6eM Ha npbCTeHa B CMi:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
MeroA Ha niOgWWVatie
Heo6xogxrx npH6opw
xHApocrarHgna Rem c rpaMoee HAB Tezsagecxa He
,ma c npHCnoco6nenwe sa Hsi!
BaHe Ha 1101 TOneHN BIB ao)!a npo6a ;
? CTbK.eua Bana C BOAR;
HOW ;
KoHeu;
IHnrbpna xapraa ;
Hapa4HH;
ronsMO nopuenaHOBo 6AJOJO.
Ilpo6aTa OT nogBa c o0eg, Be no-ManbK OT 50 cM3, Ce H3rAawtga c fo c - mcTpanaaaT
ce HapapeRHTe gBCTA H ce npeTerml (Ga,.). Bp ea ce C Heq H CC noYana a pasronea na-
pacpHH (sarpar B nopueaaRoBoio 6nx)Jto Maji o R TogKaTa Ha paaROnfferq qty), =
20
CC
AbpHCH He noBege oT 1-2 ceK. B sera. IIapacpHBIT Tpa6ea Aa o6BBe npo6gT& tumi xo, 6ea
Bb3AyWHH MexypH. Cneg 3anapa4BnMpanero npo6ara Ce upe?erAu orROso (U2), noTOBRB$ Ce us-
alBno BIB BoRt H ce onpepean TegaoTO A nop aopa (Ge) CaeA Haaauaaero h or pona a
npo6aTa ce H3cywaea c 4HarbpHa xapTHs m Ce npererm nai, sa Aa ce y6e4m, qee X Hoq-
aaTa He e npORHKaana BOAa, KoA'ro 6H yBeJHgHna TerJoTo (B Cpaalienne c QQ ?v
Terjo ce H3gHCmHBa no d opMyJlara (4,19), Karo V ce onpe*eaa no Cae,Rmig Emma:
(4,20) . V_Gi-Ga-G1-G.
H'b)eTO 7n e caeuBIpngHo Teruo its papalpHBa, paano Ha 0,93 r/cMR;
? ?
To - Cnent #i1 o TerAo Ha aoaHTa npn lapeaa retneparypa, npa MM e nutaneaa
npl ,; np46nnair eaao paeno 9a I r/trla ; ocraa*axgTe odosgageHn
n 1141* B
O6exmo mezito Ka caeAema Na empoumeAmma no'eea
ZICAO
1-lpeacraanaaa o6euHoTo rerno na nogaa, gui,,o nepH MI ABHO Ca Mewbmgem eamo
C Bb3Ayx.
OnpeAena ce no $opMynara
(4,21)
A
T+ -w (r/cwJ.
Kbgero w e BOJHOTO Cbpbp IcaHHe Ha Bna*CnaTa crponreJHa nogea B a6coagTSx
4Hero o6eMHO Term e A.
O6eMMNo mezAo ma eodoaacumena noreea, a, , r/cus
IlpeAcraanaaa o6emmo rerno Ha nogBa,gHHTo nopH ca m JHH B3uaao C BOAR.
Onpepeis ce no ipopMyAara
(4,22) tre=a-+n (r/csa).
KbAeTO a e o6eMao rerno Ha cKeneTa a r/cm3;
n - o6eM Ha nopHTe B a6conloTHH eAHHHUH.
cl)'iaq qe cTpoiTeRHara no9Ha a aoAoaacIneza, onpegensBero HA A. CTaBa IienQ-
cpeACTBeBO no onKCaHHTe no-rope HfeToAH (c pe*cin npbcres NAB c napapnrnpale).'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
O6emmo memo ma cmpoumeiuama notea;, nod . eoda Sn, z/cru3
npeACTawIHea o6eMuo Terno Ha no4Ba, K09T0 ce HaMHpa noA HBBOTO Ha nOA3eMHHTe BOAR.
OnpeAeas ce no ipopMynaTa
(4123) . - a?=a T (1 n) [rIcM3j.
O603HageHHHTa BH% npH (popMyna (4,22).
OpHeHTHpOBbYHH AaHHH 3a CTONHOCTHTe Ha
A, A, H a, ca AaAeHH B Ta6n. 4-7.
O6eMHo mezjo 8 Haa poxKaeo cacmo3zHue
Ha cmpoumeAHama nouga smin , r/CM3
flpeACraBJIfiIBa o6eMHo reralo Ha cKeneTa Ha HecBbp3aHHTe no4BH (nMCbuH H Ap.), onpe -
Aeneno Ha 93ccycTBeno npHroTHexa npo6a B, Hafl=poxxaeo rbcroHHHe,,
He66xoAxMH npx60pH
CT bKJ1eH rpaAyHpaH UHJIHHJibp C BMeCTIMOCT 500 CM3 ;,
Tex$H4ecKa Be3Ha C TernoBjloCT 1000-2000 r H,T04HocT 0,01 r c rpaMose
npxcgoco6aeHxe 3a,pa3poxKBaHe
4yeH3 c, A'(+A('a AP'b)KKa ;
noOuenaHOnq 6nioAo. HJI4.Apyr noj(xomm cbA
CHTO C AHaMeTbp Ha AynKHTe 2 MM.
Bb3Ayunuo CyXHHT nHCbK,npeCHT npe3 CHTO 2 MM, ce HacHuBa c noMO1uTa Ha ()yHHBTa-
B CTbKneHHH UHJIHHA?bp, B KOf1T0 npeABapHTeJIHo e noCTaBeHO npHCnoco6neHHeTO 3a pa3-
poxxBaae. To npeucTaBnHBa Tenexa cnHpana c Ae6enHHa Ha Teaa 1,5-2,0 MM, YHHTO ropes
Kpaf1 H3AH3a H3BbH wHJHHJlbpa HAH TeJIeHa OKpb)KHOCT C AHaMeTpH, B npece4HaTa T04Ka
Ha KOHTO e 3anoeHa npaBa TeneHa Apba(Ka, H3nH3auaa H3B?1H un)HHAbpa (usindTo npxcno-
co6neHHe MOHce Aa 6?bAe HanpaseHo OT;ABe BenocHneAHH cnHUH). CJIeA HacHnBaierp Ha
oxollo 259-350 CM3 IIHCbK B' RMJIHHAbpa ROCpeACTBOM '6aBHO BbpTeHe H3BawAaMe BHHMa-
TeANOfIpHCHOCO6neHHeTQ 3a pa3poxKBaHe, OTxIHTaMe no rpaAyHpOBKaTa oOeMa, KOf1TO nSlCb-
KbT a 3aen cneA pa3poxKBanero (V), x npeTernHMe HaCHnaHHH B UHJIHHA?bpa TIHCbK Ha.
TexHH4eCKaTa Be3Ha (G). ToraBa onpeAeJIHMe Amin no 4,opMyJlaTa :
(4,24) smin= V jrjcM3j.
OnpeAeJHHeTO ce noBTapB Haft-MaJIKO TpH nbTH, Karo 3a oKOHialenxo 3HageHI4e ce-
npaeMa cpeAHOTO apHTMeTHYHO OT ABaTa no?MaJIKH pe3yJiTaTa.
B aHTepaTypaTa 4ecTo Ce cpeniaT Bb3pa)9eHH5I cpea y onpeAeJCHHeTO Ha o6eMHOTO
Terno no TOKy-HIO omit HH Ha'IHH, KOHTO ce nOTBbp]KAaBaT H OT Haulala npaKTHKa. 143C:Te)-
BaHHHTa nOKa3BaT, 4e Haig-nouoasuuHHT Ha4HH 3a onpeAenSfHe Ha o6eMHOTO' Terno Ha He-
CBbp3aHHTe n09BH B Hag-poxKaBO CbCTOHHHe e HacHnBaHeTO Ha H3CyuIeHaTa noqBa OT H3--
BeCTHa BHCO4HHa, KaTO Ce B3eMaT MO3KH'nO4BaTa Aa He Ce COpTHpa npH HaCHHBaHeTO.'no-
paAH TOBa B na6opaTOpHaTa npaKTHKa ca Bb3npHeTH caeAHHTe Ha'HHH 3a onpeueAHHe Ha'
o6eMHOTO TerJIO B Hafl?pOxKaBO CbCTOHHHe.
'NacyLneB HeCBbp3aHa no4B3 ce HacunBa BHHMaTeJIHO C HOMOIUTa Ha 4yHHA B CrIuae-.
HHH rpaAynpm uHJHHAbp. Flo rpaAyxpOBKaTa or4HTaMe o6eMa (V), KOfTo nECbKbT a 3aen:
HacHnaHHHT nsCbK ce npereraq (G), caeA KoeTO no (popMyna (4,24) ce onpeuenH Amin.
143eyweHa HecB'bp3aHa n04Ba C Terno G ce nocTaBH B CT?bKneHHH rpaAyHpaH ILHAHHAbp.
UHJIHHA?bpbT ce 3anyWWBa H ce TIpeO6pimia BHHMareaHO ) Ba nbTH. OTgHTa 'ce o6eMbT V,
KoflTO no4Bara e Mena cneA npeo6pbulaneTO, H no cpopMyJla (4,24) ce onpeuen5 smin?
O6emHo mezizo 8 mad-nlmm,o c1cmo3i iue Ha cmpoumeAHama no'Ba
rIcM3
f1perCTaBnaBa o6eMHO Term Ha CKeneTa Ha HecBbp3aHHTe noqBH, onpeAeneHO Ha H3Ky
CTBeHO ynnbTHeHa npo6a pea TpaM60BaHe HJIH BH6pxpaHe.
Heo6xoAHMH npH6opH:
McTaAH4ecKM uHaHHAbp c?.4BaMerbp, He uo-ManibK OT .7 CM, BMecTHMOCT, He nq-ManKa or
250 CM3, H C OTCTpauHBaiua ce HaFTapKa, #,,Hc6Ka OKoaO3 CM ;
132
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
cymnnea mxa4) c nocTOHn$a TeMnepaTypa' 1050 C';
.bpaeHa TpaM6oBKa HJm BH6parop;
Texmfgecxa.BeaRa c reraoanocr 1000-2000 r iM To4Hot 00OF r c`rp wom,-
nopaenaaoso 6JnoAo HJIM Apyr noa xoAauj CbA
cHTo c AHaae'rbp as aynxHTe 2 MM.
IlacymeaHHT a cywaaHHB mKa$ nscbx, npecaT npe3 caTo 2 MM, ce'Ha'Mnsa' Ha mmem
nopgaa B RHJHHA'bpa C HacTasKara, Karo ce ynn7.T6asa eaepra4ao c; TpHM6ASKaTa'Maff'HO`
epeACTBOM BH6pHpaae, Aoiaro ce 3anbaHH aeJHar CIA. HacrasKara- Sae o'; C H3tafilHHfir
nhCbK ce oTcrpaHHaa or uanaaa'bpa, ropHMaT Kpafl Ha MICbRa ce HspaHAaa'Ao6pe'c A-
aHHxa. C'bA'bp)KaHHeTO na I(HAMHAbpa ce npeTerna Ha ' Texasgecica seam ((I). ,C 110MOIRTI
Ha? o6eaa Ha MeraaHYeciHH ganHHAbp (V) no 4JopMyna (4,24) ce bnpeflexx ate: OltpeAe-
i uero ce noBTapH aall-Majco TpH naTM, xaTO 38 OKOHgaTemIO 3llageHae ce npif *'cpeit-
aOTO apHTMeTH9HO OT.ABaTa no-rOneMH pe3ynTaTa.
O6emrto memo &a uscytueHa cmpoumehtia no6a $ 'r/cMs. .
rAHHecTHTe no4BH npH H3cylpaBaHe ce CBHBaT, nopb03Rocrrra in ce naaaaana x caeaio-
eaTenHO o6eMHOTO TehJlo Ha cxeaera mm ce ysenH4aBa. 11pu ratcxaa nogaM Tp H6oa Aa ce
npaBH pa3JnlKa Me)KAy o6eaHo Term Ha cxener8 B ecrecrBeao I C'LcTOafHe (b) a o6eMao
TerAo Ha cxeaera s H3CymeMO cbcTOHHHe (a,,). loCjI IaTa Bejm mELa xapal(Tepn3Hpa` BbS-
MoHcHaTa MHHHMaJHa nopbo3HOCT Ha H3cymena npn 1050.C Ao nocTOSBHO Term no4Beaa
npo6a.
IIpH necbviHBHTe nogBH, KOHTO He H3}lernT nopbO3HOCTTa cH npa nacymaeaae, BenM-
+IHHHTe a Hatt Ca paBHH noMe)(Ay CH.
Heo6xoAHMH npn6opn:
)xuBageH o6eMoaep ;
cymnneH wKa4) C nOCTOaaHa reMneparypa 1050C;
TexHH4eCKa Be3Ha C TernoanocT 200=-500 r H TO4HOCT 0,1 r c rpauoBe;
9acoBHHKOBM crbKna HAH Apyrn nOO(xOAHIaH caAOae.
ECTecTBeao BAa)Kea Kbc oT cBbpaaBara CTpouTenHa novea no Bb3MON(Hocr c no-npa-
Bnnna, n3paBaeHa 4)opMa ce noACymaa Ha Bb3Ayxa, AoKaTO BIAHMO npOMemH gsera Ca.
CAeA Tosa ce AoH3cywaaa B cylrHAHHA UIKa4) npa 1050 C. C nowouxTa Ha Hcusa9HHa o6e-
MoMep ce onpeAensl ooeM1T na Hacyweaara-l[po6a (V0).
3 a 6 e a e Mc K a. OnpeAeauHeTO Ha o6eMa MOHCe Aa ce Haw pmsa TeKymo, Aoiaro rpae
H3cymaBaHeTo.
Axo Teraoro Ha H3cymenara npo6a, onpeaeaeao C TexHH4ecKa se3Ha, e G, a. ce H3
gHCAM a nO 4)OpMyJlaTa
1,0
1,0-0,75
0.75-0,50
6,50--0,2s
0,25-0
< 0
KOrSTO ZV>Hg, U TBbp4a - avraro e"C 'c flpH
HaaaeHOaaeae
as c*peateaaa
TO nOgaa
IIRCiwo
.I1boc, rJHHeCT
nRCb1
Flecu% HIBH rJla-
HK (nocTaa rJHI-
Ha)
raIHa Ma3H1
OpraHHgecIH
nOgBH
OawvelmR as
aaactagHecrra
MenJlaCTHIIMH
01860 nAWTUgArl
IaaYCTHgm
CHAHO nJIaCTHgHa
OTgaCTH nnaCTHq-
HH
rpasaua as rpaaNao aa?
apatagase arareaOae
trt~, a/a w, 3, di
-40
_80
0
-2110
10/25
25/50
IIOILaaaTenaT Ha KOHCHCTeHRHaTa HeCK 6eaeauTe Ha yCnoBNOCr m apota>aaaaCT, aaaer-
HaaF a Onpe1eJF1HeTO.151 cbCTaaz1HaTe rO rpaeaga as npolragaie tl 'it3rI aHe. Cwxacao
PeoaOWKHTe H3CJIeABaHaa npeXO bT or regHO Kbw Te!HO N* tii o Cwro*Hlre ce xapasre-
Pasapa c no$aara Ha B3BeCTao Hagajlo atelraeMle, qHm?O sems sia, TO I WIEa roJla-
IuTepH, ycaowo wore as 6sue npseT8 a Kavecreo o Na Iq)KIr Htt,.saro ce cnpepeam eaax-
nocTra. cboTBeTCTByaaIAa Ha TOM cbCTORHHe. TeopeTwwara o6ocHoBKa Ha acagso Taft ce
3aTpyAHRBa Or o6cTosTenCTBOTO, qe osue He e peiueHa npocrpancrBenara 3aAaga 3a nna-
cTHgHHTe ae4lOpwauHH' npH BHeApsBanero Ha Team c-aomlgecKa 4lopxa B eaacTHgHO-H3OTpOn-
HOTO noaynpocrpaJCTao.' OCBeK TOm aIeTOAbT 31 ompeaeABHe Ha rpaHauTa Ha msw* S He
e RBHO HeyAOBaeTBopITeaea.
CpeluaT ce rJHHH, npH KOHTO BaarHOcTTa B ectecTBeHO CbCTORHHe e no-roasMa OT
rpaaHUara Ha npoTHgaie. B Ta1ba cuygan noKasaTenaT Ha KOHCHCTeHUHHTa K1 6H sun
> 1,0 H 6m Tps6aano Aa ce.ogaxaa, qe nogBara ce HaMHpa B regHO CbCTORHHe. Bcbutuocr
raanara woaae, All HH1 *OCTITS'HO Ma CTpyl type H A8' -HOCH H3BeCTHH HewaIKH Tosapa.
Toga nporHBopegHe ce o6RCHRBa c o6crosrencraoro, qe npH onpe.aeaaHero Ha rpawsui na
HsrogaaHe a 0posagaae cvyiayparr NH arpegiTeaN?ca tlogaa ce tiapyuraaa. CaeAoBa't aao
CTPYKTYPHHRT enemenr He naMHpa orpamenae s,-otVtaeal mt, t at, en a Ha n Te rpanns p
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6AHUa 41-16
ECTeCTBeHa BJIaMtHOCT H KOHCHCTOHI(HA Ha HAKOH CTPOHTeJIHH HOgBH
,_
Haxoamie
C
o
r
10
am
rx
ma
.0
s=
a
m
a d
sf
d
w~
W
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,
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cr
C
cx?~
T
a
C
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ca?a
c
Oit
o
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u
c
Koxcerrexuxx
K
1
513. BaraK - KapHe-
3,00
rnHHa
Aeay-
17
34
15,5
18,5
naacrMqua
pars 3a Bauman
BHH
creaa
2
SI3. BaTaK - KapHe-
1,80
necb4-
14
29,5
14,0
15,5
Ha rpaHwuara
pars 3a HacHnnara
AHBa
MC)KAY TB'bp-
creHa
rnHHa
-
Aa H ruia-
cTHYHa
3
BELL Acenaua - -
0,70
rnHHa
,
24
62
17,0
45,0
? nnacrwisa
rnHHa, C KOBTO e
O6JIHUOBaH H3paBHH-
0,60
25
54,
17,0
37,0
naacrHwwa
TenHHAT 6acetn
4
SI3. J ocnaT
2,0
,
27,2
42
23,5
18,5
Ha rpaHHUaTa
(npoeKr)
necb-
28,0
37
28,0
9,0
Me)K) rsbp-
gJIHBa
Aa H nna-
rnHHa
CTH9Ha
5
513. TonoaAHe
2,00
rnHHa
nj1H-
25,7
55
22,0?
33,0
nnacrxgaa,
(npoeKT)
oEIeH?
6
.
513. Ilanvapeso
3,80
AeJ1y-
26,5
77
23,0
57,0
nnacrHVHa
BHA
7 1
543. I7aHVapeao
5,00
,
,
17,3
47
22,0
25,0
rsbpAa
noxaaaren Ha xoHCHCTeHEIHATa. B'bs BceKH cnygal aKo noKa3aTenar Ha KOHCHCTeHquAra
K1 e no-ronaM or eAHHxua, TO TOBa Hal-Manxo o3HavaBa, ve HapymaBanero Ha cTpyKTy-
para Ha TaKaEla no sa Mo ice, Aa AoseAe Ao upespbruaHero 1 B nacTa, npHrewaBalua ronAMa
BHCK03HOCT. ToBa e OT 0006eHO 3HageHHe npH Ha6HBaHeTo Ha nHAOrH B TaKHBa rJEHHH.
)K) BOAOOTAaBaHe
llpeACraBnaBa xonugecrsoro BoAa, Koero Mowe Aa H3rege H3 Becsbp3aHara noyBaInoA
AefCraxero Ha co6crsenorO TerAO (rpasnra9Ho), T. e. Toga KonH4ecrao, Koer0 MOMCe' Aa 67 Ae
onOJ13OTBOpeaoHanpHMep npH BoAouepneHe.
Pa3nnvaBare BoAoorAasaHe B, xoero npeAcrasnuBa paaaarcara McH[Ay MaxcHMaJrnoTo
BOAHO cbA'bp)KaHxe wnqax B ecrecrseno cbcrollnxe H MaxcHManno mojieKYJI5IPHaTa Bummer
w,k Ha nogBara :
(4,48)
B=w,. - w.x (%)r
H. cueUHE))HVHO soAoorAasaHe b, npeACrasissauuo KOnmecreoro rpaBHrauxonna BoAa a AHrpH,
Koero Mo}ce Aa 6bAe nonyveno oT 1 M3 nOyIBa B eCTeCTBeHO cbcroAHHe.
B. a wuwx -, w.x
b=Ha ?.1oo a In/31
KbAeTO a e o6eMHoro Term Ha CKeneTa Ha nogsara B Kr/M3; ocTaHaMHTe o603HageHHn BH1K
no-rope.
51CHo e, 4e npH xIAporeoaD)KKHTe H3gHCneH11A, HanpHMep npH onpeAensae Ha 3anaesre
or nogBexa soAa, we Ha,MepH npunoweHHe, 4 opMyna (4,49).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
17pHMep. C6HT BOAOHOCeH nWCbK 'r=2,65 r/cu3, b=1,90 r/cua m mK=5 %.
n=0,283 ((popMyaa 4,26).
s=0,395 ((popiyaa 4,29).
wnt@x =14,9 % ((PopMyaa 4,38), caeuoBarenHO
B=9,9 0/o (4opMyaa 4,48).
b=188 n/M3.
AKO o6eMbT Ha BOAOHOCHHA XOpH30HT HanpHMep e 50 000 Ms, BOAHHAT 3anac e paseH
Ha 188.50000=9400000 a, HnH 9400 M3.
3 a 6 e a e )K K a. BOAooTAaBaHero MOIKe Aa 6'bj[e H3pa3eHO H B a6coatoTnH eAHHHUH, T. e.
6e3pa3MepHO, Karo 6ice pa3Aeneno Ha 1000. B TaxbB cnygag He e Heo6xoAHMo Aa patio-
THM npH H3UHGleHHeTO HenpeMeHHO B M3. Torasa, xaKBOTo e HaHMenosaRHeTO Ha o6njHA
o6eM Ha CTpOHTeJHaTa nogBa (HanpHMep CM3, AM3, 'M3 H T. H.), TaKOBB e HaHMeB0BaaaeTO H
na noaygeaoTO OT nogBara BOAHO KOJHgeCTBO. B Hamm upsuep Koe HenmbT Ha Boljoor-
AaBaHeTo Ke, KaKro we HapegeM 6e3pa3Mepnara BeaH'HHa, 6H ce nony'Ha paseH Ha 0,188.
no-rogHo;Koe4)HUxeHTbT Ha BoAooTAaBaHeTO (Ke) e paseH na
(4,51) 8-n - nW-n,4,
KbAeTO n e o6eeM Ha nopHTe ; K-
a,, - o6eu Ha nopHTe, 3anbanenn or BoAa, ocrauana B xpaa Ha BoAOgepneeero;
nL - 06eM Ha nopHTe, 3anbaHeHB OT 3aTBOpeHHA Wb3AyX B ocymeHara or BoAogepne-
HerO 3OHa.
KaKTO nOKa3Bar OnHTHTe, n4/ 'Hcaeio e HO-rOaAMO OT w,a, onpeneneHa no McTOAa Ha
BHCOKHTe KOaOHH.
3a npaKTHgeCKHneaa e Aocrarbgno '.ua ce H3imuffBa Cbc CTOIHOCTHTe, AaAeHH B
Ta6asua 4-17.
Ta6amna 4-17
-- Koe?agaexr xa BOAOOT aeaeero K.
CTpoI eaaa noses
a poncaao Cberoaaa+e it C62TO CbCTOaHM
EA'bp nsc'bx
CpeAeH nHCbK
Ape6eH nSSCbK
CHTeu nacbx
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,15.
0,25
0,20
0,15
0,10
3 a 6 e a e )K K a. AKO nACbUHTe ca rJmaecTH, Ke Mo)Ke Aa 4Ae B3eTO OT Ta6angxaTa,
aaro ce HaMaJH C OKOJO 0,05 HAH nosege B saBHCHMOCT OT creneHra Ha 3araHHABaHe.
3) CTeneH Ha 3R1Jr6THeHOCT.Ha rJHHeCTHTe CeAHMeHTH
YmmrHeHOCfra Ha raHHHTe, H3Bbpmsanja ce 3a CMerKa Ha nopbo3Hocrra, noA AeA-
CTBHero Ha co6cmBeHOTO reran na yrauHanjHre Ce gacmui, npeACTaBauBa eAHa OT HaA-
BaaCHHTe cTpaHH Ha AHareHe3ara Ha rnHHecTHre ceAHMeHTH. B TegeHHe Ha T03H npouec
yn.TbTHABanjara ce Maca npeMnHaBa npe3 ABe xapaltrepHH CbCTOAHHA,YIpH KOHTO CBOACTBBTa
a ce H3MeHAT pAaxo. Te3H ABe c%croaHHA ca npexoA%r OT Tegao B naacTHgHo cLCTOAHHe
H npexoAbr or naaCTHgHO B noayTB'bppo. 11opaAH ToBa npaxTHgecKH HHTepec or HHHCe-
nepnoreoaox(xo raeAH4xe npeAcTaBaASa xoaHgecTBeuara xapaxrepHCTHKa Ha C1CTOaanero Ha
AaAeH rAHHecT CeAHMeHT B Cpasaeaxe c nocogemore no-rope oco6eBH cbCTOBHHA.
flpHKaoHCKH npeAAara CaeAHHA noxa3area:
B -e
(4,52) Kd- - ,
as
xbAero Kd e noxa3area Ha ynabrHABalero;
env - Koe(pmwHeHr Ha nopnre npH rpaHHUara Ha nporagaae;
an3 - KOe4)HIIHeHT Ha nopnre npH rpaHHuara Ha H3To9Bane;
a - Koe4ixuneHr Ha nopHTe e ecrecrBeno cbcrog ne.
anp H aU3 ce H3gnc.Srnar no caeAnHTe (popuyiH:
.. 7 ,
0".,P 100
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
_wu3
s"a 100
KbAeTo ' e CneuurpHuHO TerAO Ha novsara B r1CM3;
wnp - rpaHHua Ha npOTHVaHe B 0/0;
wua - rpaHHUa Ha H3TOgoaHe B %
3 a 6 e A e xc K a. BI-13 IpOpMyAH (4,53) H (4,54) B 3HaMeHaTeAH 3a nO-KpaTKO ' e H3-
nycHaTo cneuH4)HrHOT0 TerAO Ha BoAara, Koero 1 r/CH3.
Ta6aHua 4-18
CbcToarae Ha crpoarenxara nogsa Ka I e
HeAoynAbTHexo Ka < 0
B HaganeH craABA Ha ynnbTHBBaHe Ka=O
1IAaCTHgHO 0 < Kd < 1
flpexoA KbM nonyTBbpAO Ka= I
IloaymbpAo (npeynm,THeHO) Ka > 1
a > a,Jp
a=anp
sag 80
4aKba C n9CbK
0,1 -0,2
80-17
rl9CbK eAp03bpHeCT
0,05 -0,01
40- 8
fl$ICbK CHTHO3bpHecr H rJIHHeCT nACbK pOXKaB
0,005 -0,001
4-0
8
IlHCbK raaaecT
0.002-0,0001
,
1,5-0,08
I1ACbK rJHHeCT nabTeH
0,0005---0,0001
0,4-0,08
rAHHa necbgaHBa
< 0,0001
< 0,08
fJIHHa
0,000001
S 0,0008
a) BoAOnponyCKJHBOCT Ha rnHHHTe %
tJMHHTe ce xapaKTepH3Hpar C MHOrO MaAbK KOe4 KII IeHT Ha 4)HJITpaa(HA BbnpeKH BHCO
K3Ta HM uopb03HOCT. ToBa npOTHBOpegHe Ha npia nOraeA Ce 06SCHHBa aeCHO, Karo ce HMa
npeABHA HauiO)KHBTa roaeMHHa Ha nopHTe H o6muTeACTBOTo, qe rJHHeCTHTe YaCTHIiH Ca
U
O
KpbxceHH cbc Caoii cBbpaaua BoAa, KOHTO
Ou(e noaege Hauaa9Ba BoAOnponycKJIHBocTTa Ha
MaTepHaaa. lpH rJIHHHTe AeficTBHTeAHaTa cKO-
pocT Ha fpHaTpaunaTa Ha BOAaTa, onpeAenena
cbraacao ypaaaeHHe (4,59) OTroBap9 Ha eao-
pocTTa, c KOATO CBo6oAHaTa BOAa ce ABHACH B
npOCTpaHCTBOTO Meuny 06BHBKHTe OT cBbp3aaa
eoAa. fopaAH Toaa Ae$CTBHTeaaaTa CKOPOCT
3Ha9HTeaBo npeBHluaBa 4)HKTHBHaTa cKopocT V.
TogHOTO onpenemiHe Ha AefcTBHTeanaTa CKO-
pOCT npH rJHHHTe e He8b3MO)KHO, Ou(e noBege
KaTO ce HMa npeABHA, qe npHABH)KBaHeTo Ha
BOAaTa npH 4JuHonMcnepCHHTe rjmHH craea oule
nO MHrpauHOHeH HIT H caeAOBaTeJlHo e cao-
)KeH H TpyAeH 3a MaTeMaragecxo H3pa3aBaHe
npouec. BCHVKO TOBa ce yCaO)KH$lBa m oT o6-
CTOSTeJCTBOTO, tie BoAaTa B raHHHTe 3anoqBa Aa
ce ABHHtH, caeA Karo 6bAe npeono rn o cbnpo-
(bHr. 4 -9. KoMnpecaoaen
anapar (cxeMaTHgHO
H3o6paMceHHe)
THBaeHHeTO Ha cB-bp3anara BOAa, T. e, gaK ToraBa, KorarO HanOpHHAT rpaAHenT npeBHWWH
x3Becraa CTotlHocT. Tam CrOtiHOCT ce Hapaga Hagaaen rpaAHeaT H ce 6eneacH c I..
KaKTo nolcaaBaT H3CaeAsaHHaTa Ha C. A. Po3a, HagaaHHaT rpanaenT 3aBHCH OT Ae6eAHHTTJI
Ha BOAHHTe 06BHBKH OT 3ApaBO CBbp3aHa BOAa H MO)Ke Aa HMa Haft-pa3JH9HH CTOAHOCTH
OT 0 (ABH)KeHHe Ha CBO60AHaTa a0Aa) AO 30 H noBege. IlpH AocTar6gHo AbaroTpaHHO Bbs-
AeOICTBHe Ha onpeneaeH HanopeH rpaAHeHT, 9H9TO CTOAHOCT e non Ta3H Ha Hag3AHH9 rpa-
AHeHT (I,),CBbp3aHaTa BOAa MOKe BbnpeKH TOBa Aa 3an04He Aa Ce ABHHCH. ToBa 9BaeHHe
npH cBbpaaaara BoAa e cBoeo6pa3Ha lpopMa Ha npoueca nbJlaeHe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
~gpye,ELeJIaHeTo Ra Koe4luuaepTa Ha (HJ~Tpa{1HA Ha CBbp 1HHTe CTpOHTeJHH nOgBH CTaBa'
11p,yaoHO c nowowTa 0a KOMnpecxoHHH anapaTN (oAoMeTpH). Ha 4)Hr. 4-9 CbBCCM Cxe-
MaT}1Huo e CKNUHpaa eAIiH TaItbB anapaT.
B npeiaap{ITeaap aanbaneHaTa C BoAa ocaoBa I Ce nOCTaBA AOAHaTa 4 ATbpHe nA04Ka 2.
CAeA ToBa ce Brpa)KAa np06aTa 3, xo9To ce M3pBaBa c noMoHuTa Ha peMCelu np'bCTeH OT
HeHapymeH obpaseu (MOHO)1HT), U060. ce ropaaTa ~HATbpxa naogxa 4 H Bbpxy Hen 6y-
T;IOTO 5. C noMoulTA Ha AocTOBa CHCTeMa npo6ara ce HarOBapBa AO ]KeAaHua BepTHKaAeH
Toaap H cAeu Karo BepTWKMHHTe AetpopmauHH 3arMxHaT, ce OTBapa xpaagero (Ifp), 3a Aa
cc cw py(e crbKaegaTa Tpb6MyKa (nuesoMembp'6r) 6 c npo6ara 3. Aico 3a Bpeue t (ceK.)
BOAHHHT cTbn6 B cmbxJIen8Ta Tpb'6H4Ka CnaAHe OT BHCOYHHa H1 (CM) Ha BHCOgHHa H2. (CM),.
KoeIQHUHeHmT Ha t(IHATpauuu MOHIe Aa 6bAe H3gncneH no (popMyaaTa
ko= t 1 (1+a) 1g .Ni
z
x'bAeTO t e BpeMe B ceK,3a KoeTO HHBOTO (Hanopbr) Ha BOAaTa B cTbxaeHaTa Tpb6H4Ka e
cnaAHaao OT H1 Ha Hz (cm);
C - KOHCT$HTa 3a AaAeua ypka 6e3 pa3MepHOCT H ce oupeAeAa no CpopuyaaTa
(4,61)
f 2,3
c= F
xbAe'O f e pa3MQp Ha Haitpe4HOTO cegeHHe Ha crbxaeHaTa Tpb6Hgxa B CM2;
F- pa3Mep Ha HanpegHOro cegeHHe Ha H3nHTBaHaTa npo6a B CMa;
hp- BHcouuaa Ha cyxara Maca B CM;
s - KoeCpn uieHT Ha nopxre 3a AaAeHHB BepTHKaxeH ToBap.
3a TeMnepaTypaaTa nonpaexa.BH)K T. B.
6) BOAOnpOnyCKJIHBOCT Ha HeCebp3aHHTe nO'BH
(I19CIAXH, gaK'bJIH H np.)
YIACbuHTe, gaK1.aH* H ApyrHTe HeCBbp3aHH nogBH ce OTangaBaT 06HKHOBeHO C AO-
6paia Cu BOAOnpOnyCKJIHBOCT, nopaAH TOBa onpeneAHaeTO Ha TeXHBB KOe(uHnHeHT Ha 4MJI-
TpaiH9 cTaBa Hatt-Ao6pe no nbTH Ha OHHTHOTO BoAOHaraeTaBaHe HAH Bouogepneae or cne
uxaJIHH H3pa6OTKH (Inyp4 oBe, COana)KM) (BH)K VI, r). KaTO ce HMa npeABHA, Ye 8 aa6opa-
TOpHa 06CTaHOBKa He MOHCe Aa 6bAe Bb3CTaHOBeHa CTpyKTyp8Ta Ha HecBbp3aHHTe nogBH B
ecreCTBeHOTO HM CbCTOHHHe, CTaBa JICHO, qe onpeAeauHeTO Ha kq Ha TaKHBa nogsH B aa6o-
paropiara MQ)Ke Aa AaAe canto opHeHTHpoBb"HH pe3yaTaTH. ETO 3anlo OCBeH nocogBaHeTo,
Ha McToAa, no Koflro e H3B'bpweuo onpe)eaflxeTO, AaHHHTe as Koe(pHuHeHTa Ha 4 HJITpa-
uHATa Ha HecBbp3aHHTe nOgBH Tpu6Ba Aa 6bAaT npHApy*erH HenpeMeHHO OT AaHHH 3a
o6eMa HanopHTe win 3a xoeCpiuHeHTa Ha nopnTe.
I'OpHHTe pa3Cj..mcAeHHA nOKa3BaT, qe Hal-noAxoAAn1H ca onnH McTOAH 3a onpeAea9He
Ha Koe4uHUHeHTa Ha (pHaTpauuATa Ha HeCBbp3aHHre n0gBH, KOHTO no3BOauBaT CpaBHHTeaHO
npocTO, 6bp3o H MaCOBO H3BbpnlBaHe Ha H3CaeABaHeTO. 110 TO3H HagHH Ce eJHMHHHpa OT-
gaCTH C'buIeCTBeHHHT HeAOCTam K npH aa6opaTOpHOTO onpe,eanne Ha ko - Hec'boTBeTCTBHe'
Me)xAy ecTeCTBeHHTe m aa6opaTOpHBTe (H3KyCTBeHHTe) nopbO3HOCT H CTpyKTypa. KoeCpH-
fMeHrbT Ha 4)HATpaUHH Ha BOAOHOCHHTe naaCTOBe, KOJIKOTO H xOMOreHHH Aa H3raeucABT Te'
HpH ecTecTBeHOTO HM 3ansraHe, ce McHH B IDHpOKH rpaHHUH. ETO 3amo e HSAHHIHa npeKo-
MepHaTa TOgHOCT H8 CK'bnH H CJIOHCHH aa6opaTOpHH OnHTH, KOHTO 6Hxa Aeau Koe4)HuneHTa
Ha 1uHJITpauH9Ta c roaAMa TOIHOCT C2MO Ha H3cae.aBauara TogKa, HO He 6Hxa o6xaaxaa1
ecTecTBeHHTe,oTKJIoHeHHH o'f Hero B npoy4naHHA BOAOHocel xopH3oHT.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
435
a 1pH6'JIHBHTeJIHH CTOSHOCTH Ha KOC4IHUHeHT; Ha 4)H.TpaUHA
B Ape6HO4AK-bJIeCT MaTepwaa
Ta6amna 4-21
KOe4-HUHeHT Ha 4)HJITpa14H9 Ha a*poMbpeeCTH eAHOPOAHH MaTepeaRM
CpeneH
a aMemp Ha
gacTHUHTe,
MM 2,00 3,60 5,85 5,94 7,26 8,86 12,50 14,60 16,40 22,00 35,10
KOefpHUHeHT
Ha
4nulTpaunsI k
cM/ceK
0,312
1,90
2,87
4,20
6,50
7,10
7,00
14,15
13,50
14,20
nepaTypa t=100, CM/cex
OnpeJ(easHero Ha Koe4)HUHeHTa Ha IpHATpauwA Ha HecBbp3aHHTe
nOgBH B na6opaTOpHa o6CTaHOBKa ce aaB-bpwBa Hall-yuo6HO B Tpb-
6aTa Ha KaMeHCKH HAH no HanpeaaaHeTo Ha KanHARpHOTO HaCHIuaHe 04
no Merona Ha Tepuaru - Ka3arpaene.
McTOA Ha KaMeHCKH
Koe
4mmmm
35,0
21,0 ,I
10,0
14,0
1 5,8
3,0
2,9
Koe4pIUHeHIT Ha pa3HO3bpHOCT U
2,7
2,0
2,0
6,3
5,9
3,5
2,7
06em Ha nopHTe n
0,38
0,40
0,40
ON
0,33
0,38
0,38
I
I I
I
I
.
I
ce HanbABa AO AeneHHe.10 cm c HHCbK, Bbpxy xoflro ce UOCTaBR
.6ylpepeH CJlofl' OT Ape6eH gaxbll. HaanBa ce BOAR Ha OKOUO
1-2 CM HaA HyACBOTO AeAeHHe!H ce 3aCHga CBC CeKyHAOMepa Bpe-
McTo, 3a Itoero HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa B Tpb6araCnaAa Or AeneHHe0
AO AeaeHHe 5 HAH 3 H ce H3Mepfa TeMneparypara Ha soma. Koe-
c4HUHeHT'bT Ha 4u lTpauuA (k0) ce H3gHCARBa no I$OpMyAaTa
-
)KHHa 25 cm Cbc cxana c
AeaeHHR or 0Ao 20 CM, cHa6AeHa 94
AOAHHH KpaH C MapJR mm MecaHroBa Mpe.ca (4)Hr. 4-10):
CraTHB 3a 3aKpenBaHe c My4)a;
crbIneHa BaHa;
cexyaAOMep;
TepMoMerbp;
CymnneH mKacp c nOCTOHHHa TeMneparypa 105?C ;
crbKAeHH HAH nopueaaHOBH 6AIoAa;
TeXHHgeCKa Be3Ha C TernoBuocT 500-1000 r H TOMHOCT 0,01 r
c rpaboae.
H3cymeHHHT nuCbK ce HaCHnBa B Tpb6aia H yIIJbTH$IBa pea
nogyceaHe,KaTo eAHOBpeMeHHO 'c TOBa ce HacHIUa c BOAa. Tpb6aTa
E~EHEB
4Hr. 4-10. Tpb-
6H9Ka Ha KaMeHCKH
sa onpeaeAAHe Koe-
$IIuHeHTa Ha 4HJI-
TpaUHR Ha ffCbuHTe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
ko t f. f h l ]c./ceK],
f(k)=-'-(I- h),
K1AeTO I e BHCO4HHa Ha 4)HnTpHpal;HS- moll B cm ;
i - BpeMe, Heo6xol(HMo 3a nOHHNcaBaHe Ha HHBOTO B Tp16aTa OT AeneHHe 0 AO Ae-
neHHe 3 HJH 5 B cew;
s - noHHHCelMe Ha HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa B rp%6aTa B CM;
h - m>pBonagaaeH Hanop B CM.
BenngnnaTa f h ! ce 83eMa or Ta6nxua 4-23.
CTOAHOCT Ha 4 yHKuHHTa f ( sh
h I
f h I
111
h
I f h
l/
i h I f h
111
0,00
-
0,33
0,400
0,67
1,109
0,00
-
0,34
0,416
0,68
1,139
0,01
0,010
0,35
0,431
0,69
1,172
0,02
0,020
0,36
0,446
0,70
1,204
0,03
0,030
0,37
0,462
0,71
1,238
0,04
0,040
0,38
0,478
0,72
0,273
0,05
0,051
0,39
0,494
0,73
0,309
0,06
0,062
0,40
0,510
0,74
1,347
0,07
0,073
0,41
0,527
0,75
1,386
0,08
0,083
0,42
0,545
0,76
1,427
0,09
0,094
0,43
0,562
0,77
1,470
0,10
0,105
0,44
0,580
0,78
1,514
0,11
0,117
0,45
0,598
0,79
1,561
0,12
0,128
0,46
0,616
0,80
1,609
0,13
0,139
0,47
0,635
0,81
1,661
0,14
9,151
0,48
0,654
0,82
1,715
0,15
0,163
0,49
0,673
0,83
1,771
0,16
0,174
0,50
0,693
0,84
1,838
0,17
0,180
0,51
0,713
0,85
1,897
0,18
0,196
%52,
0,734
0,86
1,966
0,19
0,210
0,53
0,755
0,87
2,040
0,20
0,223
0,54
0,777
0,88
2,120
0,21
0,236
0,55
0,799
0,89
2,207
0,22
0,248
0,56
0,821
0,90
2,303
0,23
0,261
0,57
0,844
0,91
2,408
0,24
0,274
0,58
0,868
0,92
2,526
0,25
0,288
0,59
0,892
0,93
2,659
0,26
0,301
0,60
0,916
0,94
2,813
0,27
0,315
0,61
0,941
0,95
2,996
0,28
0,329
0,62
0,957
0,96
3,219
0,29
0,346
0,63
0,994
0,97
3,507
0,30
0,357
0,64
1,022
0,98
3,912
0,31
0,371
0,65
1,050
0,99
4,605
0,32
0,385
0,66
1,079
3a yCKOp$1BaHe Ha H3gncaeHHelO ce H3nOa3yBa HoMorpaMara Ha BHHAeMaH (4 )Hr. 4-11),
C KOKTO ce onpeAeiw Koe4)HIuHeHr1T Ha 4/HJTpaUHATa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
fM]
j
-1
4 r. 4-11. HoMorpaMa Ha 6anAeMaa 3a
onpeAensIae as KoeInsgaeHTa as 40an-
Tpagn9 no KaMeHCKR _
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3a TeMneparypnaTa nonpasxa BHN( B T. 6.
CaeA 3aB'bpwaaHeTo Ha onHTa no4Bara ce H3CywaBa B cywHJleH WKal) H npereraH (G).
noMOIUTa Ha o6eMa Ha cmioieHaTa rpb6a V (OT AeneHHe10 Ao 20) onpeAea9Me o6eMHOro
Terao Ba cxeaera Ha no4BaTa no 4)opMyaara
(4,64)
a= v- [r/cMa].
HaxpaB ce onpeAeAB o6eMbT Ha nopiTe n HJIH Koe4uuHeHTbT Na nOPHTe s no 4wp-
4na (4,26), pecH. (4,29).
McTOA Ha TepuarH-Ka3arpaHAe
Heo6xoAHMH npH6opH:
crbxaeHa Tpb6a KaKTO Ta3H Ha KaMeHCKH;
CrbKAeHa BaHa C BOAa;
ceKyHAOMep (4aCOBHHK);
TepMoMerbp;
cywHAeH wxa4) c noCTOAHHa TeMneparypa 1050 C ;
uxeHra Ha 4)HJITpaUHA no TepuarH -
Ka3arpaaue
Tp'b6ara ce Han'bJIBa C HacyweHara B Cy-
wHAHHA wxa4) no4Ba, npereraH ce 3aenno c
rpb6ara (GI) H ce 3anynBa Ao6pe c rymexa
Tana, npe3 KOATO e npeKapaHa C7bKaeHa Tpb-
6HgKa, cbeAHHeHa c ryxee Mapxy4. AKO TapaTa
Ha Tpb6aTa e Ga H o6eMbT, 3aer OT npo6aTa
(V), ce M3qHCJIH, To o6eMbT Ha CKeaeTa Ha riA-
c xa ce H34HCAABa no 4)opMyaara
4',r. 4-12. Onpenearne Ha Koe4)H- (4,65) a= c'1 y Ga [r/cM3].
Tpb6aTa ce nocTaaa B CTbKaeHa BaHa C
BOAa H ce H3Mepsa HanpeA'bK'bT Ha KanxnHp;
HoTO HaMOKPAHe Ha npo6aTa CJIeA H3BeCTHH HHTepBaJH OT BpeMe (4)Hr. 4-12).
AKO cneA t ceK. npo6ara ce e HaMOKPHAa no KannixpeH n'bT Ha pa3CTO9HHe X CM oT
sanyweHHB C MpeN(a Kpat1 H axo o6eM'bT Ha nopHTe, H34HCaeH no (4,65) H (4,26), e n,
Koe4)HUHeHrbT Ha 4)HarpauHA MoM(e Aa 6bAe H34HCaeH no 4IOpMyaaTa
x&
(4,66) k0=1,36. 10-5 n t2 [cM/ceK] .
B) TeMnepaTypHa nonpasua
K(>e4)HUHeHTbT Ha 4)HATpafHA 3aBHCH H OT BHCK03HTeTa Ha BOAaTa.'fopaAH rosa e He-
06xOAHMO onHTHHTe AaHHH, noayueHH no aa6opaTOpeH HAH noaCKH nbT, Aa 6bAaT npHeeN(-
AaHH K'bM onpeAeaena TeMnepaTypa, 3a Aa MoraT Aa 67.AaT CpaBHHBBHH KaKTO no ex(Ay CH,
raxa H C ApyrH noAo6HH AaHHH. 11pHeTo e Ta3H TeMnepaTypa Aa 6bAe 100 C. PeAyKUHATa
cTaBa no 44opMyaara
(4,67)
1 Tena BbB B'b3AyuHO cyx0 CbcTOAHHe c OC Ha H3nHrBanero, ycnopeAHa Ha HannacTHBa-
HeTO Ha CKanara (Ha nbpBHTe 3 ocra e nepneHAHKynapaa).
CneA onpeaensaero Ha Hanpe4Horo cegeHHe Ha npo6HHre'Tena ce npacrbnBa KbM Crpo-
waaaaer0 HM c n0MOwra Ha npecara, Karo TOBapbT Ce noBHWaBa noCTeneHHO c OKOJIO
12-15 Kr/cM2 B ceKyHAa. SIKOCTTa Ha HaTHCK R, ce H34HCngBa no 4)opMynara
P
(4,95) R.=-p- (Kr,cM2),
Kb3eTO P e roneMHHa Ha pa3pywaBawara CHna B Kr;
F- Hanpe4Horo cegeaae Ha npo6HOro TAJIO B CM2.
3a AKOCT Ha HATHCK ce npaeMa CpeAHOTo apHTMeTH4HO OT TpH a3nHTBaHHsi. KoraTO
pa3nHKHTe McHCAy napaaenHHTe H3nHTBaHHH ca 3Ha4HTenHH, noco4Bar ce BCH4KH pe3ynrara.
BHHarn Tps66a Aa ce cbo6waaa 4opMara Ha H3naTaHHre Tena (Ky64eTa. uHnHHAPH), KaKTO
It pa3MepHTe HM B cny4att Ha OTKAOHeHHe OT CTaHAapTa no e1Ha HAH Apyra npa4HHa.
* no H3KJno4eHHe Ce AOnyCKaT LHJMHAPH C AHaMerbp H BHCo4HHa 50 MM.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Koe4niwIeHTbr Ha pa3MeKBaHe (P) npeaCTaBAABa OTHOnleHHeTO Me)KAy AKOCrra Ha Ha
TACK Ha npO6HHTe TeAa, H3nHTaHH BbB BOAOHanHTO CbCTOAHHe (Re)'H IIKOcTTa Ha HaTHCK Ha
npo6HTe, H3nHTaHH BbB Bb3AyIIIHO CyxO CbCTOAHHe (Re)
{4,96) f'= R
J1. M. BapoH pa3raeH(Aa Bbapoca 3a nOKa3aTeAA Ha HKOCT Ha HaTHCK npH CKaJIHHTe
BHAOBe (143BecTHH AKaAeMHH HayK CCCP, 1948, KH. 11, CTp. 1689) H HABa AO 3aKA104e-
HHeTO, 4e yCnenUHOTO KJIaCH4)HgHpaHe . Ha CKaJIHTe no T03H noKa3aTea e Bb3MOHCHO caMO
ToraBa. KoraTO ceH3nHTBaT none4e Ky64eTa (a He CaMO rpH) H pe3yaTaTHTe 6bAa;r o6pa6o-
TeHH no npaBHAaTa Ha MareMarnlecKara CTarHCTHKa. ToBa e oco6eMO Ba)KHO 3a XHApO-
TeXHH4eCKOTO CTpOHTeACTBO.
B uHTHpaHaTa CraTHA aBTOp'br nOKa3Ba, 4e Koe4)HUHeHT'bT Ha BapeaUH$1 Ha nOKa3a-
TeAA, OTHBCAU[ Ce 3a AKocrra Ha HaTHCK Ha HaA-pa3npOCTpaHeHHTe CKaJIHH BHAOBe, ce
icoae6ae or oeono 20 Ao OKO,no 30, AOKaTO CbIUHAT npH CTOMaHHTe HanpHMep ce ABBH(H
OT 5 Ao 6. npH tons OTHOWeHxeTO McMCAy MaKCHManxaTa H MHHHMaJIHara CTOIIHOCT Ha Ky6oBaTa
SIKOCT;B npeAemiTe Ha eAaa- onHTHA CepHil AOCTHra 2 :- 3. RO CbuuHfl pe3ynraT ce HABa
4t no Apyr u t (BHAC pa3A. V, rA. B, T. 1, no-cnew!aaHO ra6a. 5-1).
B Ta6a. 4-31 ca AaaeHH 4)N3HKo-MexaHHgHHTe ndKa3aTeaH Ha HAKOH cKaJIHH THnOBe B
BbJlrapHA.
E..1 OBABtgHH MATEPHAJIH 3A BJTOH
06HKHOBeHKAr 6eroH npeAcraBnaaa H3KycTBeH KaMbK, nony4en GIeA BTBbpAABaHero Ha
CMMC or n$CbK, 4aKbJU, uHMeHT H BOAa B nOAXOAHn1H CGOTHowneHHA.!XHApoTexBH4ecIHAT
6eTOH HMa CbwwHA C'bCTaB, Ho ,e c no-oco6ena xapaKTepxcTHKa. 1l3HCKBaHHATa IChU Hero-
9HTe noKa3aTeJIH (nlaCrHgHOCT, AKOCT, BOAOyCTO1lHBOCT, BoAOnpOHHUaeMOCT,wpaaoycrop-
4HBOCT H ToniooTAaBaHe npH BTBbpAHBaHe) ca cbluo no-oco6eHH. '
IlopaAH xapaKrepa na XKApoTexaxgecKns 6eTOH Ao6a6'64HHre MaTepHaAH, KOHTO ce
H3noaayBaT 3a HanpaBaTa My, Tps6Ba Aa oTroBapaTHa peAHua I(3HCKBaHHA. Ka4eCTaara
Ha naCbKa H 4aKbaa HMaT HSKAK)PnTeAHO Ba)icHO 3u 74eHHe 3a KageCTBOTO na 6erona. EKc-
nAOaTaUHOHHHTe Bb3MOMiHOCTa. H' HaxoAHn(eT0 Ha`?Te3H MaTepHaAH, OT Apyra crpaaa,
o6ycAaIAT Ao 3Ha4HTeJIHa CTeneH HKOHOMH4eCKaTa uenecbo6pa3HOCT Ha o6eKTa, 3a 4HeTO
H3rpaicAaae nie Ce ynorpe6H 6eTOH.
fAC1,K1T, 4aK'bJlbT H TpOIneHHAT KaMbK, ynOTpe6eHH KaT0;3anbJHHTeA Ha 6eTOHa,
npeucraBAAear 75 - 85 % Or o61ioTo my rerao. Te3H uH4)pH noKa3BaT, 4e Ao6aab4HHre
MaTepHaAH H3rpa*Aar OCHOBHaTa Maca Ha 6erona.
JfiuiCSK. 06HKHOBeHo 3a HanpaBaTa' Ha 6eroH de ynoTpe6ABa ecrecTBeH fHC1.K, KOHTO
ce noAyuaBa npeAHMHO OT H3BeTpHTeaHHTe IPOAyKTH Ha MarMeHHTe CKaAH, nperbpneaH
BoAeH TpaHCHOpT. fHC.K'bT 06HKHOBeHO ce CbCTOH Or KBapuonH 3bpHa, KHTO B uero
4eCTO Ce cpeluaT B pa3AHlHH npOUeHTH H ApyrH MHHepaJIH H CKaAHn ocTamw : 4eAAnlnaT,
cJuoaa, MbcgeTa Or BapOBHIlH, Mepreww H AP. 11pHCbCTBHeTO Ila HeKBapUOBH 3bpHa B
naCbKa noHHBCaoa HeroBaTa rOAHOCT 3a ynOTpe6aTa my B 6eroH C no-BHCOKa MapKa.
Pe4HH9T H MOpCKHAT fBC'bK o6HKHOBeHO cc CbCTOAT OT 3aO6AeHH 3bpHa, AOKaTO
oBpa)KHHAT, KONTO e no-cna6o TpaHCnopTHpaH, e no-6orar Ha pb6eCTH 3bpHa.
3a aanpanaTa Ha 6eTOH e )KeaaTeJIHO . Aa ce yuoTpe66 faCbK C p7.6eCrH 3bpHa,
KOHTO ce CBbp3BHT nO-Ao6pe C uHMeHTa H iaaar no-roAAMa AKOCT na 6erona. 06HKHOBeHO
cc H3nOA3yBa o6a4e peueH fHCbK, KOATO eC HO.3aO6AeHH 3bpHa, Bo e BHHarH nO-4HCT -
6eAeH Ha rAHHeCTa O)paKUHA H 3aTOBa ce npeano4HTa.
Koraro B 64M30CT CbC Crpoeata HAMa ecrecraeH-nXCi.K, ynoTpe6ABa ce H3KyCTBeH
nAC1K, nOAy4eH OT CMHJIaHe Ha 3ApaBH CKaAH : rpaHHTH, cneHHTH, 66rarit Ha KBapU raaACH,
TIACb4HHUH, MpaMOpH H AP.
B xHApOTeXHH4ecxoTo.CrpOHreACTBO noiy4aoaneTO Ha Ka4eCTBeH 6eroH npn MHHHMaAen
pa3zoA Ha uHMeHT ce noCTHra npH ynorpe6aTa ua nacbK c onpeAeaea 3bpHoMeTpH4eH
CbCTaB (Ta6AHUa 4-32).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3ary6a e
AKOCT Ha HaTHCK a
rleTporpalpCKO
O6eMHo
CneurpR9-
BoAonomtaae-
MOCT AO HOCTO-
TerAoTo
CM
CAeA
06em Ha
EAaCTH7eH
OnpeAeaeHHe
Ha:oaauie
TerAO,
HO TerJO,
anHO Terao,
25-Kp8THO
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of
38Mpa396a-
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Kr/CM2
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3
%
Kr/CM
He, %
Kr. CM
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
rpaHHT
rpaHHT
rpaHltT
aMlpH6on-
6HOTHTOB
rpaHHT
rpaBHT
rpaHHT
rpaHHT
6HOTHTOB
Ba3oarpau,
xapHepa
BoruaH
J1eBcxurpau,
Kapxepa
BOTeso
c. BHCTpH11a,
Coo nflcxo
c. Jluceu,
llauarlopcxo
93. aOCHaT
c. BeJH4KoBO,
1la3apn-
HCHIHKO
$13. rK)piH,
Ka3aHuT,mxo
C. r. J1oM,
Benorpu-
9H111K0
OcoroBo
2,59
2,63
2,24
2,63
2,66
2,70
2,74.
2,585
2,57
273
0,37-0,47
0,46-0,53
0,52-0,18
(5)
0,30-0,32
(4)
0,23-0,57
0,35-0,46
(6)
0,38-0,40
0,23-0,47
(4)
1690-1920' 1270-1600
(6) 1 (3)
935-1350
(6)
485-1300
(5)
690-1250
(4)
865-1007
(4)
520-930
(6)
835-930
(4)
2180-2540
(5)
1570-1900
(3)
1110-1300
(6) .
902-969
(3)
2020-2160
(4)
1620-1840
.(3)
939-1273
781-860
(3)
1320-1470
(3)
775-1920
(4)
360-610
. (4)
1450-2330
(3)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 I
11
rpamHT
c. KpynHHK
2,58
I
2,68
0,36-0,52
1299-1824
1266-1562
nop4HpeH
(3)
(3)
rpaHHT
C. BapyTHH
2,62
2,75
0,83-0,91
385-485
354-691
4,5
6soTHroa
(3)
(3)
i pawHT
c. Jjocnar
2,65
2,72
0,10-0,09
823.991
624-966
3
61IOTHTOB
---
--
(3)
(6)
--
1paHHT
c. KpecHa
2,63
2,68
0,26-0,38
0,04-0,12
163
0-2070
1250-2260
1050-2400
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93.1'. ,L HMH-
-
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.
44)
(4)
(4)-
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0,42-0,52
1210.1500
-
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691OmToB
AM6apsa-
-
-
(4)
rpaHHT
c. BHHorpa-
2,63
2,70
0,37-0,52
1120-1890
1230-1980
aM4H6oa-
1tea, r1a3ap-
(5)
(5)
600mT08
1UKHUIKO
rpa w
C. fpaslTOBO,
2,65
2,695
0,3^0,50
0,08.0,12
1880-2100
1320-1940
1630-1910
Enwww
2
-
rpaanT
l
Ben en,
2,53
2,69
0,07-9,6
560
1200-
2300
850
630-2120
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c. CecTpHMo
2,69
2,75
(104)
(104)
(114)
(73)
ran
-
(96)
(96)
-cpeiHo
Fpam4T
ia..10H1toaa
2,50
2,70
0,17-0,80
0,08.0,32
860-2170
690-1840
560-1400
rlalcyaaa
-
2,69
2,78
(47)
(15)
(59)
(49)
(32)
Fpai rz caeHC
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2,65
2,74
0,27=0,28
-
1243-1515
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-
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vs. r: AWAH-
--
-
-
449L-100
-
-
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Tp08:
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Fpaa11T usy-
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2,60
2,67
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985-1410
690-885
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-
a
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)
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2,64
2,73
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2,66
0,75-0,73
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731-881
623
677
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2,60
2,66
0,39-0,42
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97 -1230
906
1099
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81TOB
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2,64
2,68
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524-1071
498-711
1
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(4)
(4)
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c. F. AOM, Be-
2,600
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0,47-0,56
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991j_11701
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4,5
aorpu n uK0
(3)
(3)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1
I 2
I 8
I
I 6
6 I
7 I
8 I
9 I
10
11
TpaaonaopHT
c. F. JIoM, Be-
2,67-2,68
2,73-2,74
0,22-0,27
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1140-1520
1361--1620
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(6)
rpaaogHOpar-
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2,62
2,71
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755-920
594-720
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2,62
2,71
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460
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1218 1241
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TpaaoaaopxT
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2,69
2,74
0,33--0,47
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1540-1550
1130-1310
660-1190
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-
CHeHHT
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2,65
2,70
0,35
0,44
-
1740-2250
1830
2060
1860-1980
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(3)
0 )
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c. Mapvaeao,
2,64
2,69
0,24-0,49
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1820-2100
164
1930
1970
132
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Co u5cHO
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2,74
2,78
0,35-0,41
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1170.1940
940-2060
1290-2120
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paua, CO-
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c. P..[(acxa-
2,66
2,74
0,35-0,37
-
1610-1700
1560-1590
1240-1450
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-
11080 M By6a
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(5)
(3)
(3)
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c. BOB, Co-
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2,822,98
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1180-1670
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2,34
2,62
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1220
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660.1000
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750.1-170
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790
1040
1200
530-770
(4)
430--1030
(4)
700
1040
815
645-735
(4)
770-1020
(4)
727000
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1 I
2 3 I
4
i a,
6
7 I
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2,46
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
t I
2 I
a I
4
5 I
6
7
8
9
10
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710-910
820-960
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1810-1890
1500-1960
1470-1590
5,60-6,70
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0,10-0,40
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1110-1290
1100--1440
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(4)
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0,30
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74
1140
735--1150
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362-1270
340-1300
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(8)
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2,69
0,12-0,18
0,30-0,48
870-940
82
1780
740-790
(6)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3) __
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1 I
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6 7 --I
8
9
10-
11
MpaMOp
c. KpenocT,
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0,05-0,14
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1120-1280
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2,72
0,176-0,323
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1480.1600
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2,64-2,68
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0,48-1,81
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1190-1920
460-1410
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(6)
(7)
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2,80
0,34-0,40
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45.564
340-502
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(3)
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3,00
3,25
0,51-1,01
0,32-0,40
900-1200
500-925
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-
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(6)
(3)
(3)
(3)
rnaAcH
BEU BaTaK
2,615
2,69
0,22-0,44
0,03-0,07
1200-1450
1090-1610
955-1010
-
420000
(7)
(4) '
(4)
(4)
1-HaldcH
AeBHH
2,61
2,69
0,57-0,62
0,06-0,18
1770-2080
1600-2160
1150-2000
-
(6)
(4)
. (4)
(4)
(4)
rHapcH
AnapaTHa
2,63
2,68
0,10-0,32
0,04.0,08
1550-2060
1310-1880
1220-1660
-
_
Kauepa
(6)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
Wu BATaK
-
A8ycaloAeH
max. BpecKya,
2,65
2,72
0,249-0,415
-
2100
1160-1830
-
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Baaroes-
(3)
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rAcKo
BELT BaTaK
2,59
2,72
0,39-0,65
0,21
1090-1180
1080=1350
1390
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(3) -
(2)
(2)
BHOTHTOB
BaraiuKH
263
2,68
0,31-0,37
-
734-1316
951-1078
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(6)
(3)
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C. BaraK,
2,60.2,61
2,60-2,67
0,39-0,70
0,9-0,25
53&-1510
460-1370
0-1160
72
3
72000-:-sooa
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(4)
(8)
(8)
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2,57-2,60
2,65-2,66
0,14-0,56
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988-1192
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2,70
2,75
0,54 -0,95
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350-760
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(6)
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(4)
(4)
(4)
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0,44-1,25
0,09-0,11
1730-2290
1400-2300
_
-73Q-1845
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Batan1KH
2,61
2,66
(6)
(4)- . _ _
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}.
(6)
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
i
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a
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5
6
7
8
9
10
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BHOTHTOB
BELT Barax
2,66
2,68
0,47--0,66
0,11-0,17
1210.2320
1030-1730
650-690
-
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HaAc
(6)
(4)
(4)
(4) -
(4)
HaACH
C. KHHHCOBHHx
2,51
2,61
1,25-1,47
0,40-1,60
770-850
620-710
560-670
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XacmoBcxo
(6)
~
(3)
3)
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2,24
3,11-3,02
0,2?
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0,08-.0,17
1460.2360
1130
2550
1340-1740
-
-
IHCTH
BaTax, Ba-
(6)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
TaWKH BOAHO-
CHAOB n'bT
HOTHT013H
KapHepara
2,575
2,71
0,37-0,64
---
1470.2380
1460-2040
1410-2420
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BaTaK
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2,63
2,72
0,30-0,86
0,19-0,96
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0
580
780
1170'
780
1150
90
(7)
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7)
(3)
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BELL 1[eBHH
2,65
2,75
0,75
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363-
30
142
607
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(4)
(5)
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2,92
3,00
0,17-0,21
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658-758
480-537
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2,6
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CKO
.-
-
-
raAKOWHCT
93. Kbpm)Ka ui
2,69
2,74
0,48-0,80
-
900-1400
885-905
-
(2)
2)
11HCTH aMt )H-
C. ra6poBHua,
2,60-2,68
2,69-2,73
0,04-0,23
0,15
79
370
865-1900
710-1330
50AHTOBH
fIa3apA-
(5)
(8)
(5)
(3)
)KHuJ KO
5
B
CeAHMeHTHH CKa]IH
JJOAHOTpHa-
CKH nJC'b9HHK
M. CTyAeHa
map. PaAHVeBo
A3. CTyAeHa,
map. L[apciH
MOCT
513. CTyAeHa,
Kap. BapTaHo-
Ba Max is
2,58
2,69
2,69
2,80
0,44-0,53
(4)
0,25-0,55
(5)
0,14-0,17
(4)
975-1890
1610-2070
(5)
820-1120
(4)
1640-1990
(4)
4,55
4,1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
T
T
r
c
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1 I 2 I 3 , 4 5 6 7 I 8 I
9
10 I 11
,goaHOTpna-
H3. CTyneea
2,59
2,69
0,43-0,53
-
790-1370
-
-
7,44
-
CKH HHC'69HHK
-
Kypnno, Co-
2,65
2,69
(4)
-
-
(4)
865-1060
-
-
4-4,6
-
4WAcxO
C. JIaKaTHHK,
2,62
2,67
0,52-0,60
-
(4)
1890400
1470-2020
11HCb4HHg
C04)HACKO
BELL Ac6po-
2,62
2,73
0,68-1,25
0,09.0,69
1090.1180
630-945
360-950
-
-
(HeoKoM) .
I1HCb4HHK
naH
A6naHHua
c
70
2
2,73
(6)
0,21-0,35
(4)
0,04.0,15
(4)
1000-1710
(8)
830-1650
(4)
625-1220
-
-
BapoBHK ne-
,
.
TpoHHCKO
c. Kpaneu,
,
2,67
2,74
(5)
0,55-1,17
(4)
0,52-0,61
(4)
1200-1820
(4)
.855-1330
(4)
1350-1330
-
-
CbgJHB
Ha. Crynena
(3)
(3)
(3)
(cp. Hac)
OBHK
c. MpaMopeHe
2,58
2,72
0,94-1,61
-
945-1430
915-1200
-' -
-
z[oaHa Kpe.ua
BpauaHcxo
(3)
(4)
-
(4)
(6apeM)
BaPOBHK MCK
c. KpacHH,
1,74
2,725
13,3-16,6
18,3-20,5
61,5-95,0
5
60-100
(5)
20-41
5
O
(anT)
BapoaHK cna
PyceHCKO
M1THHKa,
2,66
2,71
(5)
0,43-0,92
(5)
0,12-0,24,
)
(
1750-2000
1530-1870-
-1370-1730
6o necbgJHB
BapoeHK Ke-
Konapoarp.
c. MoxacTH-
2,13-1,38
2,71
.1;92-4,85-
0,18-1,15
(3)
158-410
(3)
181.947
252-350
-
pynYecT
pxwe,
(4) _
(3Y
(3)
(capMaT)
BapoaHK Meg
OpHxOBCxO
c. 14rpann ue,
1,88
2,71
11,7-14,9
-
100-196
6
124-485
(6)
((anT)
BapoaHnc
PyceacKO
c. KHHHcoBHHK
2,01
269
-
-
144318
-
-
-
-'
(naseoreH)
BapoBHK
Xacxoacxo
C.l'no)KeHe
2,71
272
0,03-0,05
0,18.0,25
17(3)
1950
1480-1660
-1510-1850
(cp. TpHac)
BapOBHx Hy-
c. Manxoao,
2,52
2,74
-
-
(4)
640-1080
(3) _
-
(3)
- -
g~10
'-'
MIJHTOB
BapoBHK
BapHeacKo
93. PSKna,
2,63
273
0,70-1,63
-
1020-1560
1020-1490
1560-1650
necbgjHB
eu,
# e6en
c.
BapoBHK
acxo
KoTne
eposeee
c. r.L~
2,62
2,72
0,51-0,69
-
940-1400
920-1430
(5)
-
-
-
BapoaxK
.
MHxa#noBrp.
c. AeBHH,
2,61
2,72
0,93-1,02
-
1090-1360
635-950
1
-
-
-
(HeoxoM)
IBapaeacKO
(3)
(3)
(3)
3 a 6 e n e M K a. UH4,PHTe B CKO6H noKa3aaT '6pos Ha H3nHTaHHTe npo6n.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6aHUa 4-32
OnTHMaiHH nMemm, Ha 4rpaiawnre Ha nHc7-Ka, ynorpe6ABaH
sa xwApoTexnI4gecxi 6eTon
OCTarbK Bbpxy CHTOTO, no oTNomeHMe
Ha alaaoro Terao as npo6ara, 04
5 >5 ne noBeqe or 15
2,5 5 - 2,5 10-40
1.2 5-1,2 30-70
0,3 5 - 0,3 70-95
0,15 5 - 0,15 90-100
0,45), i mo o6eawo Terao (1,4-1,6 r/CM3), o6HKHOBeHO AHncsaT 4paKuNH
Or cpeuea n$CbK (>0,25 iii) =rope, npeo6AaAaBa eAbp npax (0,1-0,05 MM) HaA 658/0,
rams (Keuue
npH'H3gHCAHBaHe Ha BpeMeCABrBaHeTO . . . . .Kr/cMa
r - paAHyC Ha OKpb KHOCTra , Ha TpHeHeTo, UHAHHApHYHa
KOOpAHHaTa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
s -casrBane WIN npOnaAaxe . . . . . . . .cm
t - CbnpoTHBAemHe Ha nOgBaTa npnABHNceHHe Ha HoAaTa
npe3 )fea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r/CM2
HAH BpeMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ceK.
X - KOOpAIHiaTa Ha TOgxa B eaacTHVHO H3oTpOnHOTO no-
nynpocTpaHCTBO '. . . . . . . . . . . . CM
Y - CblUO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
Z - Cb)UO . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . CM
A - napaMemp Ha KoMnpeCHOHHaTa KPHBa . . . . . . 1
C - HHTerpaUHOHHa xoncTanTa . . . . . . . . . . . 1
D - cpenen Anauembp Ha 3bpxaTa . . . . . . . . . MM
E - enacTHgeH Mopyn . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
Eq - aKTHBeH 3eMeH HaT'HCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . T/M
Ep - 3eMeH HaTHCK B caygaff Ha nOKOf . . . . T/M
Ep - naCHBeH 3eMeH HaTHCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . T/M
f - nAOCKOCT (TOBapHa, Ha H3OXpOHHTe) cegeHHe . . .cMa
Fp - xoe4)HUHeHT Ha CbnpoTmBaeHHe Ha cpH3BaHe. . . I
ti-MoiuHocT, Ae6eamp_Ha'cAsmawwun ce H2H npona-
AanT naacT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
1- xHApaBAngeH HaKAOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KI - 6e3pa3MepeH Koe4(utuaeHT BbB 4)opMyaa (5;53) . . 1
K2 - cbu(o BbB 4 )opMyna (5,65) . . . . . . . . . . 1
K3 - cbcuo BbB 4)opMyna (5,66) . . . . . . . . . . 1
Key - Koe4)HUHeHT Ha carypnocT cpetuy Cy4)03H9 . . . I
L - A%ABIHHa . . . . . . . . . . CM
Ma - a6connoTeH MOAya Ha Ae4)opMawHBTa (cJHrBaHeTO) Ha
CTpOHTeJHHTe nO'BH . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
Mo - OTHOCHTeaeH MoAyn Ha CngrBaHero Ha CTpOHTeJHHTe
nOqBH . . . . . . . . . . ? . . . . Kr/CM2
A4,, - MOAyn Ha caarBaue.TO Ha CTpOHTenHHTenO4BH . . Kr/CM2
N - HopManHa CHna . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr
O - oneparop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
P-eAHHHVHa CHna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr
Q - Hanpevna CHna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr
R - paAHVC Ha oKpbMCHOCT . . . . . . . . . . . . CM
R, - AKOCT Ha HaTHCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
T - BpeMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ceK.
T,o - 4IaKTOp Ha BpeMeTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
U- CTeneR Ha KOHCOAHAaLHH . . . . . . . . 1
(s - -brbn (Ha OTKOCa Ha CTpOHTeAHaTa noYBa) . . . . rpanyCH
HAH 6e3pa3MepeH Koe4)HUHeHT . . . . . . . . . . I
-'brbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rpaAycH
HAH 6e3pa3MepeH Koe4auaeHT . . . . . . . . . . 1
cneuH(rH4HO TerJO Ha BOAaTa . . . . . . . . . . r/CMS
an - o6eMHO rerao Ha CrpOHTenHaTa no4Ba noA BoAa . . r/CM2
s - Koe44HUHeHT Ha nopHTe . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
$ - brbn Ha BHAHMOCTTa . . . . . . . . . Abra
s -- Koe4)HIIHeHT Ha MaKponopHTe . . . . . . . . . I
- BepTHKaAHa Ae$opMauHa (no BycaaecK). . . . . .cM
71 - Koe4nIuHeHT Ha cHrypHOCT . . . . . . . . . . . I
- OTHOCHTeAHa Ae4)opMafHA . . . . . . . . . . . .I
tL - KOe4IHUHeHT Ha I1oaCOH . . . . . . . . . . . . I
u - nHraropoeo 9HCAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,14159
p - brbn Ha BbrpeMHO Tpaeae . . . . . . . . . . .rpaAycH
p - Cbtuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Atira
pe - 4HIKTHBe$ brbn Ha TpHeHeTO . . . . . . . . . . rpaAycH
a - HOpMaJHO Hanpeacelle. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
at - Bag-roAHMO HanpeHCeHHe . . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
Cr. - cpeAHO raaBHO Hanpeaceme . .. . . . . . . Kr/cM2
a3 - Hal-ManKO CAaBHO HanpeiceHHe . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
a' - npHpaBHenO Hanpe)KeHHe . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
ah - AOnyCTHMO HanpexceHHe Ha Aba60'HHa h . . . . . Kr/CM2
aP - HanpeHCen ne, KoeT0 npeAH3BHKBa CjECBaHeTO . . . Kr/'CM2
or - paAHaAHO Hanpe%eHHe B AbA6ogHHa . . . . . . . KC/CM2
at - TaHreHUaaJHO Hanpe item e B Aba6ogHHa . . . . . Kr/CM2
ax - HanpexceHHe, ycnopeAHO Ha ocra X . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
ay - Hanpe2ceHtte, ycnopeAHO Ha ocra Y . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
0z - Hanpe)KeHHe, ycnopeuao Ha ocra Z . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
0633 - 6e30naCH0 HanpeHCeHHe . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
Croon - AOnyCTHMO Hanpe)CeHHe . . . . . . . . . . . . KrjcM2
a _ KpHTH9H0 HanpeKeHHe . . . . . . . . . . . Kr/CM2
'C - TaHreHUHaJHO (Cpa3Baulo) HanpeAceHHe . . . . . . Kr/CM2
Tfz - CpHBBanIO HanpexceHHe B paBHHHBTa rz . , . . . . Kr/CM2
TXZ - Cpo3BaIUO HanpeaceHHe s paBHHHaTa XZ . . .. Kr/CM2
? - MaKKCHMaJIHO oTKaoHeMe 4imaz . . . . . . . . rpaAyCH
- brbn, noA KOITo HanpeaceHHero p e HaKaOHeHo .
Cnp9Mo nepneaAHKyaapa IC6M AaueHa n*OCKOCT . . rpaAycH
d+P - brbn Ha CbnpoTHBneHHeTO HI cpHSBaHe . , ..rpaAycH
CO - WIOCKOCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CM2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
- Koe4 HI(f(eHT Ha CTpaHB'HO HajaraHe . . . . . . . 1
A - o6eMHO TeFAO Ha cTpouTeJHara nO'Ba B ecTecTBeHO
CbCTOHnHe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KrIcM3
A8 - o6eMHO TerAO Ha BOAOHaCHTeHa nogaa . . . KrJCM3
pi - cyMa Ha rJIaBHHTe Hanpeaceaxa (cnenH4)HVno BOAO-
nornbiuane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
6.O6IUH ,gAHHH
1. HA1IPE*EHNSI B CTPOHTEJIHIITE IIOgBH
a) HIOHBTHe 3a Hanpe)KeHNeTO B nOgBNTe
CTp0HTeJIHHTe nO'BH B MexaHHgecKo OTHomeike Tp66Ba Aa 6bAaT pa3rneM(AaHH Kara
arnoMepaT OT TBbpAH gaCTRUM, npe.aasaatw CHnere, c KoBTO ca Harosapeaa (HanpHMep co6-
cTBeso Terao, BOAeH HaTHCK, BbHMHO HaTOBapsaue) gpe3 TOgKHTe Ha cbnpBKoeeWBeHHe no
CAOicea H CAygaeH HaCHH eAHa Ha Apyra. Tbft KaTo nommeTO nanpe ceHHe, K$KTO e no,
seam OT EKOCT Ha MarepHaJHre, e CBbpaano c noHHTHeTO 3a KoMnaKT-
nocrra Ha MacaTa, Heo6xoAHMo e H3BecTHo yTO'HHBaHe Ha nOCTaHOBKaTa
Ha Te3B BbnpoCH C OrneA Ha npanoHCHMOCTTa HM npH AHCnepCHHTe HJH
nceBAOTBbpAHTe Tena.
Ita pa3rneAaMe gaCT OT paBHHHaTa a), KoATO pa3Ae]IA CrpoHTeiHaTa
novea Ha ABe gacTB (a H b), o3HageHa c do), H HMa IpOH3BOAHa 4)opMa
(ItHr. 5-1). r1o 3aKOHa Ha AefcrsHero H npoTHBOAefCTBHero CHAHre, npe-
AaBalI1H ce oT o6nacrta a Ha o6Aacrra b, Tpsl6Ba AR 6bAar paanH noMewcAy
CH H npOTHBOnOno)KHII. IIpH ToBa Mo)KeM Aa HaTIHlneM, ge paBHOAeACTBy-
BaMMTe Ha Te3H CHAR ca CbII[O paBHH noMemAy CH H npoTRBOnoJO)KHO
HaCOgeHH, T. e.
(5-1)
TbtI Karo TO4H6TO pa3nonoxceHne Ha YacriIIHre B nJOIUTa dm, rex-
HHHT 6pOft H 3aKOHHTe, no KOHTO e cbcTaBeHO cegeaMero, He Ca H3BeCTHH,
e HeO6xoAHMO 3a BCHYKH H39HGIeHHa, KOHTO me HsBbpumaMe, peaiHHre $Br. 5--1
Canes, AefCTByBanLH Ha OTAeJHHTe gaCTHHH, Aa 6bAaT 3aMeHeHH C Bbo6pa-
zaeMa CHAN (P,), paammepao pampeAeaeuH no I.UIaTa WAout d0). roAeuHHaTa Ha Te3H
oiAM, AeftcrayBaiaH Bbpxy eAHHHHa Hint OT dw, ce napHga aanpexcerHe (p) Ha CacTeMaTa
OT CIVIH P B cKeaeTB Ha nogBara
(5,2)
EP,
P= dm (KrjcM2).
11pH Ta3H Ae4 HHHUHA Ha HanpeMCeHHero MOKCeM Aa nony'HM B npeAenHTe na pa3raexc-
A anoro cegeHHe pa3JH'HH CTOI4HOCTH Ha p 3a HHK09 TOM B 3aBBCHMocT OT cpopMaTa Ha
1
Moiira do. Pa3nHKaTa CbrnaCHO TeOpHHTa Ha BepOHTHOCTTa npe)cTaBnaBa m -Ta 9aCT
roaeMBHaTa Ha onpeneJHHOTO Hanpe)KeHHe. IIpH TOBa
(5,3)
"Am
m 0,1
0,01
< 0,001
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3 a 6 e 11 t K< K a. IlapaMeTpHre A H a He 6HBa Aa 6bA8T OTb)KAeCTBaBaHH C allaAOrHq
I
HHTe TaKHBa OT ]lorapHTMH11HOTO ypaBHeHlle Ha xoMnpecxonaara KpHBa, KbAero a- A
3aTOBa.no-Ao6pe e nocaeAHHTe Aa ce oT6ensl3Bar C HHAexca a (a6coniorHo),xaxro npeA-
tiara roAAWTefiH : aQ H T. H.1
6) KOMapeCHOHHH MO11yJH
IIpH H3gHGIHBane Ha Ae4)opMaUHHTe B cTpoHTeJIHHTe n04BH (CJIarBaHHHTa) Ca Heo6zo-
AHMH peAHna noxa3aTeaH, KOHTO no aHaJOCHA c-bc CbOTBeTHHTe HM nOAo6HH noKa3aTeJIH H3
AKOCT Ha MaTepHaJHTe x TeopHB Ha eJ1aCTHgHOCTT8 Ce Hap1gaT MOAyJ1H Ha eAaCTHgHOC?ra.
O6HKHOBeHO cJIArBaHeTO Ha nOgBHTe He ce H3BbplnBa 3a CM TKa Ha eaaCTHgHOTO HM Ae$Op-
MMpaHe. Ilo-ro.SMara gaCT OT Ae4)opuana8Ta, HacmnBazna 11pH CA8rBaHe, e OCTarbgHa.
Ilopa)H TOBa, nbK H C oraeA Aa 6bAe no) epTaHa pa3AHKaTa B cb %px(aHHeTo?H gpe3 HaH-
McHOBaHHeTO no-yMecTno e noxa3aTeAHTe, 3a KOHTO rope craBalne AyMa, Aa 6bAar Ha-
pHgaHH MOAyAH Ha Ae4)OpMaUHHTe HAH MOAyJH Ha CJIxFBaHeTO.
Moa a na cJuz2eakemo Me4 npu' ea3npen. mcmeyeatio empauuwo
pa31uupemue na npo6ama
IIpeACTaBAABa orHOWeHHero Ha npHAo)KeHOTO nanpeHCenxe p K'bM o6111aTa OTHOCHT J1Ha
Ael[lopMaunsl ? no HanpaBJleHHe Ha AeAcTBHeTO Ha Hanpe>KeHABra npH Bb3npen8TCTByBaHo
CTpaHH4HO pa3WHpeHHe Ha npo6ara
(5,23) Me,~= P [Kr/cM2].
I'13gHCA9Ba ce no 4lopMyJH (4,78) H (4,79) (BHMc rAaBa IV)
M1,1= I +A A [Kr/cM2],
KbAeTo A H a ca napaMerpH Ha KoMnpecHOHHaTa KpHBa (BH)K npeAHWHara noATogKa a).
Omxocume.zeu .uodyuz ma cARmanemo MO (MOayJl ma o6u4ama
leg6op uaqusa, Moayii ua nbAuama aegop waqu5
npeACTaBJIaBa OTHOWeHHero Ha npHJI0)K HOTO HanpeMceHHe p KbM o6nlaTa OTHOCHTeaHa
Ae4opMannsl A0 no HanpaBAenne Ha AefICTBHero Ha Hanpe)KeHHHTa, HO npH nb3MOMCHOCT 3a
CTpaHH4HO pa3WHpeHHe
5,25) M0= E-- [Kr/cM2].
I1agncuisa ce no 4)OpMyaaTa
(I+1)(1-2?) 1+A
(5,26) - MO- `a [Kr/CM2],
Mo=Me... O [Kr/cM?],
xbAeTo: 0 e onepaTOp (BHMC c)opMyJa (5,33) HAH (5,34));
p - K0e4HqHeHT Ha 170aCOH; ocTaHaAHTe,o6o3RageHHx BH)K no-rope.
1 KaKTO 3HaeM, KOMnpeCHORRHTe KpHBH Ha reAnua gaCrOT CTpOHTeAHHTe nO'BH B He-
Hapyweao ebcTO4IHHe H Ha CB'bp3aHHTe nO'BH B Hapywewo C'bCTOAHHe ce xapaxrepwaxpaT
or ypaBHeRHeTO 0=41 - A In P +P., ?=y-as(Inp-lnpl), mfi Karo p?0.
!f1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
A6coAromeH Atody4 as 49eg6opMa4(jRma Ma
11peACTaBaSIBa OTHOIneHHeTO Ha 6e3KpagHo MaJIKO Hanpe)KeHHe dp KbM cboTBeTHaTa
6e3KpaAHO Mama Ae$opMauHA dA
(5,27) Ma= dpl [Kr/cM2].
(5,28) Ma=O a - (1+A-ap) [KC/CM2[.
IIocneAHHBT H3pa3 (5,28) e MaTeMSTHVecK} ToqHa HHTepnperauHSi Ha n0HATYeTO ?eAa-
CTH9eH" MOAya npH ueanaeAHa Aeq)opMauHB Ha TenaTa H e H3BeAeH Bb3 oCHOna Ha 3a-
aiHCHMocTTa MCHtAy nOpbO3HOCTTa H a6co,U0THHH MOAyn Ha Ae4,opMauHATa, OT eAHa cTpaHa,
H npHHUHna Ha I'epceBaHOB (BHN( T. 4 Ha HaCTOamaTa rnaaa), or Apyra crpaxa.
AKO B ypaBHeHHe (5,28) BeJWWHHaTa ap 3a uerHH AHana30H Ha yae'n1eNHe Ha xanpe-
M(eHHATa OT PO AO p ocTaHe MaJIKa B CpaBHeHHe c 1+A, ToraBa TH MOMCe Aa 6bAe npeHe-
6perHaTa H ce nony4ana OI'HOCHTeJIHHAT MOAyn Ha Ae4,opMauHATa Mo. AKO B ypaBHeHHe
(5,18) ap e MaJKO B cpaBHexxe c A, CTpOHTenHaTa no9Ba MoMce Aa 6bAe pa3rneacAaxa KaTO
nxxelHO 04)opMH()a1ua ce cpeaa,
Ta6nHaa 5-3 cbAbpica opxeHTHponbYHH AaHHH 3a MOAyna Ha cnAraHero MC3 Ha pa3-
Ta6aBIa5-3
Top4)
1-5
1-5
1-6
THHA
5-30
5-30
5-25
raHHa
MexonaaCTHgHa
15-40
15-50
15-40
raxHa
cpeAHOnnacTxiHa
40-80
30-100
40-80
I'JHHa noayTBbpna
80-150
70-200
80-150
I1BC'bK poxbK -
100-200
100-250
100-200
TIACbK C61iT
500-800
200-500
500-800
Baaacrpa
1000
500-2000
gaKbJI H 6anacTpa C6HTH
1000-2000
4aKba C6HT
2000-4000
1H3BelpenH pa3nyKaHH cKaaH
1000-5000
3ApaBH KOMnaKTHH cKanH
5000-100000
1000-100000
1000-30000
KaMbHH cpOpMeHH OT 3ApaBH cKaAH
100000--3,00000
3. KOE4)HLUHEHT HA OTPMIH4HO HAJ1 WAHE H -KOE4b1LlHEHT HA HOACOH
a) KOe(JHUHeHT Ha CTpaHH9Ho HaaAraHe
3a onpeAenAHe Ha CJBrBaHeTO no TaKa Hape4enxreTOVHH 4)opMyJH e Heo6xoAHMo Aa
Ce 3HasT H HAKOH ApyrH noKaaaTe,511, MexeAy KoRro H- xoe4 HUHeI mT fna CtpbHMiHO aiamH-
raHe E, KOATO no KQCBBM HIT noaeouaa Aa *BUT H3WCaeUH Rxcao o H KBe4rinLHeHTbT Ha
IIoaCOH.
Ilpx HaTOBapnaxeroaa cTpoHTeaHHTe nORBH B yCJOBBWTB Ha Bb3Spenrwrc ay8aHO CTpa-
HiI4HOIpa3wwxpexxe cbuuecTBeHa poba Hrpae Koe*fUHeHThT. Ha CTpaHHlfO-HauraHe.
AKO yBeJH4HM c dp BepTHKaJHOTO xanpewwexxep,?KoeTO AaAeH o6pa3eu, nOCTaBeH B
npbcTeta .H a-KOalnpecHoHeH anapaT,-?nOHacl, x4DpH3OHTMHOTO uanpeHceane q, Koero AegcT-
a"
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
ByBa B'bpxy np1CTeHa, cbuxo Iue ce yBenH4H C HaKamea CTOAHOCT, Hanp. dq. OTHomemmew
Ha Te3H Asa npApacTa npeAcraaaaBa KOe4aInx Hrbt Ha CTpaHH'HO Haisrase
(5,29)
CAeA HHTerpBpaHe noay4aBaMe:
(5,30) 9?g ?P+c?
14nTerpaIHOHHara KOHCraHTa c B TOBa ypasxeHHe 3aBHCH OT Ha'aAHHTe yCAOBHH.
3a ManoH BHCOgHHH Ha nO4BeHHa nJ,aCT H aKO Berosara reoao)KKa HCTOpH9 Rasa ocHO-
BaHHe Aa ce npennoaoicH, 4e TOA He e 6HJI HaroBapeH,C Q.
Cro nocrra Ha ? Ce ABHJKH OT 0 AO 1.
OT ropeH3AO)KeHOTO ce BH)KAa, 4e Koe4IHUHeHT'bT Ha CrpaHH4HO HaAaraHe e BeAH4HHa
npoMeHAHBa 3a AaAeBa CTpOHTeAHa nOUBa H 3aBHCH KaKTO QT reOJIOIKKHTe yCAOBHa, TaKa H
HIIMeHOaaHHe Ha
CrpoereaHara novas
KoecpIUHeKr ma
CTPIHHVMO HaAaraHe $
nacbK
nacr,x
s=0,6
nacbK s=0,7
a=0,88
nacbK
rAHHa gAaCTHuHa
rAHHa
raHHa TBbpAa
rAHHa cpeAuonaaCTHUHa
rAHHa nnacTHUHa
necb4AHBa CAtIHB
necb'JBBa rnHHa
BoAa
0,35-0,41
0,40-0,50
0,49
0,52
0,64
0,40-0,42
0,70-0,80
0;55-0,87
0,11-0,25
0,33-0,45
0,61-0,82 )))
0,49-0,59
0,50-0,70
1,0
no ByJIH4oB
no TepuarH
no BepHauHK
no BaaymeB
no TepuarH
no XropcneB
no Macios
noKpoecxB, JlaaeTHH, EpAKx
1-sin p
1+sin p
6) KOe4n1wleuT H 4HCJIO Ha 1loaCOH
Heo6xoaEMa BeJIHnnHa MR Hg4Hcaenl4ara Ha CasreaHHara no Taxa nape4eHHre '[o4HH
41OpMy7(H- e ItoelImuHenrbT ma noacoi.
noacoHoBOTo 4HCAo m npeACrasaasa ornoweHHero Ha HaAnb)KHaTa KIM Hanpe4Hara
Ae4)opManHa Ha HaroBYpeHO C haAJrb)KHH CHAR TIRO B'ycAOSHara Ha CH060AHO pa3[nnpenxe
PeuI}npo4Hara A CTOAHOCT (T. e. OTHomeHRHeTO Ha
?uAb)KHara) npeAcrasAasa Koe4 MUHeHTmT Ha Macon:
1
m.?.
CTOfHOCTTa Ha noacoHOBHa Koe4)HuHeHT e npoMeHIIMaa H 3aBHCII OT cBOACTBaTa Ha Ma-
TepHana H OT roneMHHaTa Ha HaTosapBaHeTO Ha CTpOHTensaTa no'aa,, Koeto 4ecro ITTH ce
aa6paBa. B 3eMHOMexanx4HHTe H34HCJIeHHa ce cpenxa BenimmHara 0 (oneparop)
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
_
(5,34) O-(1-9) (1+2$)
C noMOIUTa Ha CTOflHOCTHTe, AaAeHH B Ta6nnua 5-4, MoraT Aa 6bAaT H39HCneHH Cb-
OTBeTHHTe CTOflHOCTH Ha ll no cpopMyaaTa, AaAeHa n0-AOay (5
37).
,
HAKOH CTOAHOCTH 3a ?:
06eMH0 nOCTOHHHH TeJIa (BOAa) 0,5
MnaA 6eroH 0,100-0,143
cHHr -0,25
CTOMaxa - 0,35
3ApaBH cranes ??- 0,20-0,25
caa6H cxaaH - 0,10-0,20
IloacOHOBHAr Koe41HUHeHT Mo)Ke Aa 6bAe H34HCneH H c noMOLUfa Ha 4)opMynaTa
(5,35) / ?= I -sin p
KbAeTO p e w-ba Ha BbTpelUHOTO rpHeHe Ha HeCBbp3aHaTa nOgIBa.
B) 3aBHCHMOCT Me)KJIy, Koeq)HQHeHTa Ha CTpaHH4HO HaJISII'aHe
H Koe(wHttHeHTa Ha HoaCOH ?
(5,36)
(5,37)
copMyJIHTe MoraT MHOro neCHO Aa 6i,aT 3anaMeTenH, once nOBege 9e HMaT roAAMa
BbHIuaa npxnHKa C l4OpMyJHTe 3a Koe(MHUHeHTa Ha HOpHTe B H o6eMa Ha nopHTe n (BHHc
ra. IV, (popMyyJIH (4-32) H (4-33).
IlpaKTH9ecKH KoeI HUHeHTbr ? Mo?Ke Aa 67,ie npner 3a nOCTOAHeH B 06naCTTa Ha ,ena-
CTH9HHTe' Ae4)opManHH Ha nO9BHTe, 06ave B HHKaKbB cay4afl H B o6nacTTa Ha naaCTH-1HHTe
AecpopMauHH.
IIOBe9ero OT MaTeMaTH9eCKHTe H3BOAH npH onpeAeaAHeTO Ha HAKOH 3eMHOMexaHHUHH
BeJIHgHHH, HanpHMep Ha pa3npeAeneHHeTO Ha Hanpe)KeHHfITa B fOYBHTe, no9HBMT Ha M'bA4a-
.HBO HanpaBeHOTO npeAnoJloHceHHe, 9e 9=1, KOero 3Ha9HTeJIHO onpoCTABa H39HCneHHHTa.
4. IIPHHIjHQ HA TEPCEBAHOB
143MeHenBero Ha KoeoHUHeHTa Ha nopHTe B 061UHA CJIygafi Iue 3aBHCH He canto OT Bep-
THKaJIHOTO HaTHCKOBO Hanpe)KeHHe a , HO H OT HanpeA(eHHHTa, AeflcTByBamuH H B ApyrHTe
we fOCOKH Ox H ay. HeKa Aa nptleMeM, 9e KOe4 HUHeHrbT Ha nOpHTe B npOH3BOJIHa T09Ka
'
Ha nO9BeHHA MaCHB 3aBHCH B eAHaKBa CTeneH OT r0ae)NHHaTa
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIPII Ha BCH4KH rnaBHH Hanpe)(eHHA, AefiCTByBa[UH B Ta3H T09Ka,
es, Hanpe)KeHHSJ, HO He H OT CiOTHOIDeHHeTO HM. Ha 4 )Hr.
55 e H306pa36
-eHo eaeMeBTapHO Kyqe B n09BeHHA MaCHB,
OpHeHTHpano ycnopeAHO Ha cBo60AHaTa noabpxBnHa Ha Ma-
cHBa, Bbpxy KOATO AeflcTByBa paBHOMepHO pa3npeAeneHBHT
ToBap p,pa3npocrHpau; ce 6e3Kpa11HO BcrpaHH. 3aroBa Ha cre-
HHTe Ha TOB2 Ky69e Aef1CTByBar canto HopMaJIHHTe Hanpe)Ke-
McHTapHO Ky69e npH 6e3-
.JICACTBHH OT ropeica3aHoro ca
xpaeH paBHOMepno pa3-
(1)
C1=P
npeAeJleH rosap p
(2)
X2=Xs=0,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
(3) as=a,.
OTHOCHTeaHaTa Ae4opMauHa 12 ce onpeAena no npaBHJtaTa Ha ,HCLOCT Ha MarepaannTeb
(4) X2=Mo - (OIL +as)=0.
KaTO 3aMeCTHM B ypaBHeHHe (4) CTOAHOCTHTe Ha Apyrare TpH ypaBHeHHB, ce no-
Jty4aBa :
(5) 12ma3= F P,
HO 3aaeM, 9e
(5,36)
ToraBa
(6) a2=03=g . P?
B npneTHB or Hac cny9al cyMara OT rnaBHHTe HanpeNceHaH e
(7) E=a>_+as+as.
? HAH, H3no.n3yBaBKH ypaBHeHHATa (6) n (1),
(8)
OTKbAeTo
E=(1+29).p,
(9) P? 1+2t
KaTO 3aMeCTHM ypaBHeHHe (9) B (5,20a), Hue nonytHM
E
(5,38) s=si+a. 1+2 $ =const.
ToBa ypaBHeaxe noKa3Ba, Ye xoe4niuHeHTbT Ha nopHTe ce onpeAeAsr OT CyMara as
rnaBHHre HanpeweHBSI. B 06uuna CH BHA ypaBHeHHero (5,38) rnacH
(5,39)
x,bAero r e 4HCAO Ha H3MepenHHTa (npH npocrpaHCTBeaaTa 3aAaga, KOBTO pasrJeaaxMe no-
rope, r-3, npH AByRHMeHCHOHaJiHa aaaana - nAOCKOCTHa 3aAava r=2). Tbf1 xaro Kce4B
uaeHTbT Ha nopare npH BOAOaacHTeHHTe noqBH e Mepnno sa BOAHOTO HM CbAbpNCaHHe,
repceBanos npeanara cyuara 2 Ha raaBHHTe HanpeNCeaHH Aa 6bAe Hape9eHa cneua4HVHO
BoaonornbUaHe : xoaKOTO I B cxeAera Ha n04BaTa e no-roJHMa, TomoBa BA$NCHOCTTa B Ta3H
ro4Ka e no-Manna, H o6paTHO.
5. XHAPO,I(NHAMN!EH HATHCK B [IOPHTE HA CTPOHTEJIHATA IIOqBA
11pH ABHNCe}Hero CH npe3 nopare Ha noqBaTa BoAara cpeiua H3BecTHO cbnporHBAeHxe,
Koero TA npeoaoA9Ba 6naroaapeHHe Ha paBAHKaTa a HanOpHTe, npeAH3BBKBaH1a TOBa aBHNCe-
HHe. HaTHCKbT, MOATO BOAaTa OKa3Ba BbpXy 06Te'eHHTe OT Hes no9BenH 4aCTHqu, CTpe-
MeftKH ce Aa rH H3TAacKa B nocoxa Ha TegeHHeTo, ce HapH9a xHApoAHHaMH4eH BAH CpHATpa-
uHoHeH HaTHCK.
Ha 4ntr..5-6 e noKa3aH TaKba cnyua$I.
ABHNCeHHeTO Ha BOAaTa e npeAH3BHKaHO OT pa3ANKaTa hl - h2, KaTO HaTHCirbT
Pi=(hi - h2) F ? 78 In.
4uArpauuHra Ha BoAara cpeiua CbnpOTHBa OT crpaHa Ha no4BaTa, paBHa Ha
(2) Pa=t . F. I jr],
KbAero t e CbnpOTHBAeHHe Ha nousara.
Cbrnacno npasnnara Ha ABHaMHKaTa pasaoBecaero B ABHNCeiuara ce BOAa Moire Aa
6bAe Hanncaao no caeAHHB xagiH:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
P1- P2.H
(hl-h$) F.T,-t. F. I-,
WIN
(3)
xbAeTo H e anepgHara cxaa;
HHepgnara cHna Moxce Aa 67.Ae ItpH.
era paBHa Ha Hyaa, noHexce B CayvaHTe
Ha 4)vITpauHoHeH peHCHM ?(AaMHHapEo
ABHxceHHe) crollfocrra Ha !? e He3Ha-
cHTeJHa. Toraaa
(4) (hl-hoJ F.Te=t.F.l
1(eACTBHeT0 t=npoTHBOAeAcrBHero d
h1 1 h2
c eAHHHgHara CHAa P (5,41) d=I. T. ]r/cM3]
HAH aKO ce B3eMe npeADHA camo AeAcTBlteTo Ha BoAara B nopHTe n Ha nOgBaTa,
(5,41a) d=1.n.T8.
YpanHeHHe (5,41) noxasaa, ge xHApouaaaMHgHHAT HaTHcK e o6eiHa cHaa H sa3HCH OT
XHApaBAHgHHa HaKAOH I.
ToBa ypaBHeHHe n0Ka38a cbIuo, ge xHApOAHHaMHVHHAT HaTHCK He 3aBHCH OT BHAa Ha
no'BaTa, T. e. eAHarbB e H sa fACbUH, H sa raIBH. B%B cpopMyna (5,41) He ygacTB a
Kae ntuHeHTbT na 4)HaTpauHA. B AeACTBHTexHocT Banvanero Na Kt e Bsero KocBeno npeBA-
BHA,rd Kano To* OKaaea BAHAHHe Bbpxy xHApaBJnpnu HaKAOH I. Oco6efo aa*no e o6-
CTOHTedCTaOTO, qe 1HApOKKHHaMHgeH Hamcic MMeCTByBa H npH rAHHHTe, H TO B He no-
Maaae crenee, orlcoAKOTO npH nacbunre.
XHApOAHHaMHgHHAT HBTHCK Hrpae pOAA npH H3gHCAABaHe ycToa+HBOCTra Ha noAttopfH
CTeHH, BOAOHOCHI 3eMHH OTKOCH H npH npeueHKa Ha onacHOCTTa or BoAeH np06HB H
cycpo3HA.
BOAay.
45Hr. 5-6. HanpexceHHe B ToUara N
BcaeAcrBHe HarosapBaBe Ha eaacTH9HO-
H3OTpOnHOTO noJynpOCTpaHCTBO
6. KPHTH4EH fPA1I1EHT H KPHTHVHA-CKOPOCT
1lpexOA'bT or nauWHapeu KbM Typ6yneare$ pexcHM Ha 4HvTpattff CTaBa-npx H3AI uIa-
Bathe Ha onpeAeaeHa CTOAHOCT Ha xHApaBAHgHHA naKAOH, Hapegeaa KpHTHgeB rpaAHeHT.
(5,42) Ixpb 01001
k. D
Kbpero k e Koe )HuHeHT ma (]1Hnrpafus a cM/ceK ;
D - cpeaeH AHaMeTbp Ha 37,pHara B CM.
CKOpocTTa Ha npoTHgaluara BoAa, npH KOHTO ce 3anORBa H3HacgHero
CTHWH no aHanorHA Ha IK,j ce Hapnga KpHrHiHa CKOpOCT V,.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Kplll'NNB. CKOpOCT? SR' 06KOW`WO7 SWI $p*'
(OHITHH AaHHB)
Anauerbp Ha
sbpHaTa,
MM
KperHgsa CKOpOCT
yAp,
CM/ceK
3-5 18-23
0,5-1 7,5-10,5
0,1-.0,3 3,2-5,6
0,03-0,05 1,8-2,3
0,002-0,005 0,5-1,1
CTOtHOCTHTe i v p BaMCar sa cneult4ingH0 Terno i=2',65 r/cros.
Koe4)HQHeHmT Ha cnrypnOCT Ha cTpOHTeJHaTa nogsa cpenly Cy4)03Hm
67.e onpeAeaeH no cpopMyaara
(1-n) (T-1)
KCy=
Ixp?Te
KbAero
n e o6eM Ha nopHre Ha cTpoHTenHara nogBa;
.r - cneQH(pnimo Terno ea CTpoateiHaTa no'Sa B r/CM3;
Ixp- xpHTHgen rpaJHeHHT;
To - cnewf4,wt Ho Terie Ha BOAata`B r/ems.
K"y
B. PA3IIPEAEAEHHE HA HAUPEWEHHETO B fO'BA1 A
nOA OCHOBHTE
113ygaBaHeTo Ha noseueameTO Ha nOgBHTe, nOAAOmcenw Ha BbsdeAelsfe?o Ha' CHAOBH
BAHHHmm, e HeAeJHMa gacT OT 06U;OTO HM HHHceHepHoreoJxilKKO npoy'Bane H xapaKTepnsH-
pane. IIoAo6HO Ha Apyrnre cTponTeAHn MaTepnaJH, KOBTO noeMaT H npenacwr Ha9-pa3-
ABgnH CHAR, H CTpOHTeinHTe nOgBH nOeMBT H npeRSCHT Hat-pa3JnigHH CHAR. 11pH TOBa e
Heo6xoAHUO Aa ce no3HasaT saxoHHTe, no'KOErTO CraBa pa3npeAe'ANteTO Ha Te3H CHAR B
HOgBHTe, 3a Aa MOxceM c ycnex Aa pa3pemHM npo6aeMHTe, nponsTHgamH oT B3amM0AeA-
c'rBHeTO McHcJly (pyHJ1aMeHTHre n ecTecTBeHHTe OCHOBH.
3a pasaxxa OT Apyrxre cTpomreJ mf MaTepnaJH (A'bpso, c`rouana, 6eTOH) CT*TeJHaTa
nogBa Na ecTeCTBeHHTe OCHOBH e cWAHO H3MeHnu( ce MarepnaA no oTHouieane Ha 4)H3H4e-
CKHA, XHMHgeCKHA H MHHepaJHHs C'bcTaB. nopaAH TOBa He MoxceM Aa ogaxsaMe, qe H npll
Hem we yeneeM CbC CbUUara TO4HOcT W' npeQH3KOCr Aa ceII cnpaBHM C'BC clarHgeCKaTa Crpana
Ha npo6neMnTe KaKTo Hanpnmep npM CTOUanata HAH 6eTOHa. CTOMaHaTa ce nOAWHHABa AO H3-
Becraa rpaHnua Ha saxona Ha XyK. AopH H I yHAaMelTHTe ce noAgHH31BaT Ha MBCHpaSu' CH-
nOBH BbsAefcTBHs Ha TO3H saxom. He e Tana o6age CbC CTpOHTe.HaTa nogsa a ecTecTBeHHTe
oCHOBH. B H3BeCTeH HHTepBan HHe monceMAa npBeueM, qe saxOHbT Ha XyK e BaJHAeH H
npH BO4BHTe, BbnpenH ge Ae(popaamHHTe HM, orroBapmn(H Ha T03H HHrepBaaA, He ca
gncro eaacrmgHH (BHo raasa B, T. 2 Ha HacTonwHs pa3Aea). 06age Aaxce Aa npneMeM, qe
3aKOHbT e BanHAeR H B npOHSBOAHO Hs6panH rpaHHQH, HSRHCAABaHeTo Ha HanpelceHHmla.a
KOH H Aa e H36pana To4Ka or nOgBeHHSI MaCHB BCAeACTBHe AaAeno 11pOH3BOAH0 HaTOBap-
BaHe Ha CBO60AHara nOBbpxHOCT 6x npeACTaeJanaJIO- H3B7,HpeAHO Tpy,AHa H H3HCKBauja MHero
pee pa6oTa, aKo He 6bAaT nanpaneHH -CbUgeCTBeHH onpocTABanmm. flopaAH TOBa Hue
H3nOA3yBaMe TeopHiTa Ha enacTmgHocrTa, KOsTO AaBa Bb3MOHIHOCT Aa 6ibAe onpeAeaemo pas-
npeAeneHHeTo Ha,nanpeHceHHsTa B eilaCTHYHO-HaOTponHOTO nonyupoCTpamcrao H npena-
cliMe Toea no3HallHe wl.pxy peaAmRae CTpOHTeAHH nogBH. H3noA3yBaAKH -TeopxsTa He
naacTHgmocTTa, Erne ce Ao6Jfl zaBaMe owe nosege no AefctBitTeJaocrra, Tbf KaTO c npH-
AaraneTo i MomceM AO H3BeCTHa crenea Aa B3eMeM_ npeABHA bra Ha cTpoHTea-
nara nogna.
OcHoBnaTa sauaga e peniena 0T BycHmeCK npea 1885 F. H ce oTHacm Ao paanpeAeAAHe
Ha HanpexceHHeto noA TonKOBmAeH TOBap.
$17
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1. PA311PE1IEJMSIHE $A HAHPE) EHHSITA IIOA TOVKOBHAEH TOBAP
KaTO ce HMar npeABHA o603HaieHH2Ta Ha 4ir. 5-7, oCHOBHHTe ypaenenna or BycH-
HeCK 3a pa3npeAensHe Ha Hanpe)KeHHHra BCaeACTBHe npHnoiceHara eAHHH'Ha Una P Ha
(5,44) az= 2H z2 COSS cp ;
N
C, I
(DHr. 5-7. Hanpe-
)KeHHe B TOYKaTa N
BCAeACTBHe HaTOBap-
BaHe Ha eAaCTH9HO-
H30TpOnHOTO nOny-
HpocTpaHCrBO d eAH-
HHqHaTa cHaa P
Cost qp
2P [3COS3 q). sins qp - (1- Al) I +cosqP ;
P {COS3P cost q)
(5,46) at(1- 2) 2Hz2 - I+cosy
(5,47) crz= 2 cos'q). sinep.
IIpH H3BOAa Ha Te3H ypaBHeHH9 e npnero, ve o6eMHOTO Term
Ha enaCTHVHHH Marepxaa e paBHO Ha Hyna. llopaAH rosa, 3a Aa ce
noayYaT uHIOCTHHTe Hartpe)KeHH9 B H3caeABaHaTa TOYKa Ha enaCTHq-
HHH MaTepHaa c o6eMHO TerAO A, e Heo6xOAHMO rOpHHTe Hanpe-
BCeHHH Aa 6-bAaT KOM6HHHpaHH C AaAeHHTe no-Away :
(5,48) az=z . A ;
(5,49) ?r=at =9 - z - A;
- (5,50)
B ypaBHeHHHTa 0T (5,44) Ao (5,50)
? e Koed,HuxeHT Ha lloacoH;
Trz= 0
- Koe4)HUHeHT Ha Crpar1 HOro HanBrane; ocraHansre o603HageHHR BH)K B TeKCTa Ha
4 ir. 5-7.
HHTepeCHo e 06CTOHTeaCTBOTO, ve Hanpe)KeHHRTa B ROpH3OHTaaHHTe nnOCKOCTH cz He
3aBHCHT OT KOe4 HUHCHTa Ha IIoaCOH ?. CAeAOBaTeJHO pa3npeAen9HeT0 Ha HanpewteHHHTa B
Te3H paBHHHH 3a BCH4KH eaaCTH4HO-H3oTponHH Tena e eAHO H C'b[UO.
I B H3gHCAHTejHaTa npaKTHKa Hal-MHoro ce ynOTpe69Ba croluoCrra az. CAeA npepa6or-
BaHe Ha ypaaHeHHeTO (5,44) HHe MO)KeM Aa ro npeACTaBHM B CAeAHDB BHA:
(5,52)
P 3 1
Qz= z2 * 2a I 1 + (r/zr 2 ,
3 [1+ 1 l2
K1=2a (r:z)2J 2,
P
az=K1 ? y2 [Kr/cM2].
IlocaeAHHHr BHA e MHoro yAo6eH 3a pa6oTa, rbil Karo 3a K1 MoHte Aa ce C,CTaBB ra6-
AH11a (BH)K ra6jHua 5-5), or KOBTO Koe4n wHeHrbr Mo)Ke BeAHara Aa 6bAe oTVereH B 3a-
r
BHCHMOCT OT OTHOnIeHHeTO Z
I7pHMep. TbpcH Ce BepTHKanHOTO Hanpe)KeHHe B xOpH3OHTaAHa paBHHHB Ha Abn-
6O HHa 2,5 M OT CBO6OAHaTa nOBbp%HHHa,KbAeTo e npHaoiceHa eAHHHgHa CHAa P=80 TO-
P
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ha, AegcTBysam$o 1 M B crpaHH Or _ cHMeTpH'Hara- oc. Hanpexceinu ra OT codcTBexoTO
rerno ce npeae6perBar.
1jaAeHO z=250 CM;
r=100 cM ;
r 100
z 250 =0,4.
Or ra6naua 5-5 orgHTaMe 3a r z =0,4 -+ K1=0,3294.
CAeAOBaTeJHO no cpopMyna (5,53)
az=0,3294 250 =0,421 Kr/CM2. 80 000
no CbuuHH Ha9HH MoraT Aa 6%Aar onpeAeaeHH HanpexceHxHTa az H 3a ApyrH TOgKH,
pa3noAOxceHH B paBHHHaTa, AexcamH Ha AbA6O HH 2,5 M (KaTO ce McHH caMo r), H Aa 6bAe
Ha9epTaHa AHarpaMaTa Ha HanpexceHHJtTa 3a Ta3H paBHHHa, KOATo npHAHYa no cpopMa Ha
I'aycoaara KpHBa Ha gecTOTaTa. AKO HanpaBHM CbUIOTO H 3a ApyrH BeAH9HHH Ha Z, B KpafIHa
cMerKa Mo)KeM Aa nOCTPOHM KpHBHTe Ha eAHaKaH BepTHKaAHH ?HanpexceHHg, HapegeHH
H3o6apH.
~ ByCHHecK e onpeAeAHA CblUO H Ae4OpMauHHTe, Konro eAaCTH4Horo nonynpocrpaHCTBO
nonygaBa noA Bb3AefcTBHeTO Ha eAHHHgHaTa CHaa P:
P 1-E-?
2zopMyaara e as repcesaaoB H ce orEaca sa orbsaeia AeHTOBHAHH (OYHAaMeHTH npa
nagyneHa xab3raTeAHa naOCKOCT Ha HMTAK
M,CHHH MHTepsaA. 1
(5,98) aKp=c. ctg p [ts 14 + 2) . e~t? Q -1,O} .
4>opMyaaTa e Ha lpaHATA H ce OTHacq 39 OrbsagUH JIeHTOBHAHH 4)yHAaMeHTH npH xoM-
6aHHpaua panaHHHa H KpHHOnHHeAma zabaraTellHa n7lo1crect,Ha k3TJIacxaHHH MarepIaa.
(5,99) aKP=(hA+C. ctg P) [tgs(4 + 2 e"t9P -1,0] .
B MyansTa e Ha aoeoTopues a ce oTmaca m ori.Baf MH aeHTOBHmn tpyHAaMeHTH.
pH 4)opuy
c e cuenneaae B Kr ;
A -- o6eMao Teruo as CTpoNTeAHara nogsa B xr/cu8 ;
e - oeaoaa ma. HeneposxTe JlorapMruR ;
h - Aba60gHna as 4-yHAHpaHe a cm;.
p -' b,a us BbTpemHOro TpneHe.
3 a 6 e a e xc x a. BBB 4lopMymi (5,95, 5,96, 5,98 H 5,99) BeAHgHHara C. ctg p Monte
Aa 6bAe 3aieaeda'cbraacHo :ypabaewie (5,13) c p? B xaxmTo BHA ropnxTe 4apMyJw MO-
raT Aa 6bAaT CpeMN9TH H3 aHTepaiypara.
2. OflPEJLEJIf1HE HA AOl1YCTHMOTO HATOBAPBAHE HA HECflOEHHTE
CTPOHTEJIHH f1OVBH flO 3AKOHHTE HA 3EMHATA MEXAHHKA
no anaaoriA us seawnwaTa AOnycTHMo sanpelxeine, xoJTO aeWH s OCHOBBTa NO opaa-
Mep$BSaeTO Ha CTpoaTeaanTe KOHCTpyIUHH OT TrbpAH Tess (croaaaa, 6eroa, AbpBo) H npH
nceBAOTebpAHTe Teaa, e BbBeAeio noAo6no noallTHe. Heo6xoAaio e o6age aeAHara As ce
HsrbxaaT paaaeixaTa, KOHTO CbnlecrBeHO H3MeazT nocraaoeam 'ns' Bbnpocire npH. CTpOH-
TeAHHTe nogBH. Ha6-aanpeA AonycmMOTO HaT6iapiaHe Be e nocToaaa+o gacjo Sa AaAlna
no,aa, a t McHH cbo6pa3H0 Aba6o'HnaTa Ha'41yRAnpalle, 4opMSTa a roaeMluaTaHa 4yH-
AaMeHTHre, BHAa Na CaAoBoro AeAcm a (CTaTHgeu unit AHaaMHgen TOSap H T. 5.), reonoxc-
KHTe yqJOBHA H CBO2CTBaTa`na nogBHTe. OCBeH TON AOnyCTHMOrO HSToeap aae He Moxce Aa
6bAe eAHHCTBeH xpHTepiB sa MexaHauim a caoflcTm Ha notion" nopaA* cao more, MaOro-
o6paaHO H HenoAABBSn;o ce Ha TO9Ha MaTeuarxgecxa TpaKTOBK3 BAH9aae as Raft-pa3aKgRH
4,aKTOpa Bbpxy TesH CBOACTBS.
3a pa3ulca oT Apyrare crpo reaaa MaTepsaaa Mm crpoareJtaaTe nogaa onpee;nHeTo
Ha AonycTHMdTO naTosapoane ado. erase no ABA KpiTepaa: nbpBaUT Or TAE ce oruaca Ao
Ae4xlpuauHHTe Ha nogaaTa, a BTOp1IAT - AO TbpnHMHTe Aetp0pMaQaa oT nocrpoeaoTO Bbpxy
TaaH nogaa Cbopbxcerne, npHgxHasanto cureanem.
Meponaeno ute 6bne oposa AonycTnio naTosapeaae, xoeTo yAoBaersopasa c Heo6xo-
AHMara carypHOCT H AseTe yCJOBHB eiiospeieaso am no-TO'HO 4)gpMyaHpaHo - AUTa
xpsrepa*, C some 6opBBHM npH KOJaHueCmeHOTO yrogaaaaHe Na AonycmMOro HaTOBap.
sane coon, 9aRCXBBT To As 6bAe aa6piio Taxa, qe
1) no aura non 4)yaAaMeHTa As me ce paspywx H
2) CaBFBaaeTO Ha nogBaTa Aa ce noHece OT CbopbHCeRmeTO, nocrpoeao Bbpxy Heil,
6es asapum.
11bTsT, no xoeTO TpH6Ba As ce Onpeaeaa AOHyCTHMOTO H9'roBapBaae, cnopeA CeramROTo
c-bcTo iie Ha TeopIzTa e cauumm.
no xoacrpyxmaai Han Apyra (HmuouagecKH) cbo6paxeeBa ce onpeAeJA Harosapea-
HCTO P, Hapegeao cneu$n uo ;naTaeapsaHe (Baxc 4,opiyaa (5,7i) ynpuciBsano Or Aa-
AeH 4)ynAaMeuT abp y c{poaTeaaara noiBa Ha ecTeciBefara ocHoaa, EOM opa3Mepafaie.
C ileroea nOiOpi ce a3gat?`Saq aiep lteHHeTO, op, Koero npeAHadalada cJ-arBaHeTO Ha Cb-
opb)ceaaero (aHlx Oopwyna (5,100).
no 4)opnyaare, AaAemi B Togia 1 Ha HaCTOAet$T* raasa r, onpeAeaane xpHTwwoTo
HanpeaceHae a.C H TO cpaBaaeaMe C HagHcnegoTO'nanpeacenne ap. Axo aKp > op, no'BSTa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Knna Aa ce paspywH noA cpyHAaMeBTa, aKo a,,p < ap, Up TpH6Ba _Aa ce peAyuapa
(BN)c no-Aoay).
3 a 6 e a e xc K a. CTO 1HOCTHTe Ha axp, MMygeHH no 4)OpMyaHTe 34 BTOpHA CAygaf
(5,97, 5,98 H 5,99), npeAH Aa 6bAaT cpawrewn c HanpexceHHero ap, Tp96sa Aa ce pa3-
AengT Ha Kce4MwHeuTa,Ha cwrypnocT 71 (OT 1,10-2,50), aaauceiu or Kan0aaaoc'!Ta Ha
cbopbxceHHeTO. CTOAHOCTHTe Ha a*p, noaygeHH no t4opwyawre 3a 'nbpexH caygaq (5,93) 'AO
(5,96), ce cpaswasar Hanpaao C H3gHcneHoro lianpexceaae. /
CAeA roBa npHcrbnBaMe KbM onpeueaaae Ha cnBruagHAra, KOHTO no4Bara iue HiygH
aCaeACreae HaTOBapsaaero OT 4)yHAaMeHra. Tona craaa no owicaHH9 B HaCTOauuia pa3Aen,
raaBa Imo, TogKa 1, HagHH, KaTo ce H3nOA3yBaT AaneHHre 4)OpuyaH (5,74) iinI (5,75). 3a Aa
OnpeAenuM Cn9rsavero no reaH 4WpMynH, rp96Ba AR 3aaeM pa3npegeaenwe'l'o wa'kinpemellHaTa
no 4)yHAaMeara (BHxc rn. B) H Aa paanonaraLie c noxa3areAHre Ha xownpecufi, KOHTO onpe-
AenAMe cbrAacHO T. 2 Ha ra. B. CpaBHaBaMe noAygewoTo Caar8'aHe c AonycTHMoTo sa iiueuara
KOHCTpyKURA HAN Cbopb%eHHe. B Caygaf ge AeAcTBHTeAHoro CngrsaBe e no-ron9M0 oT
AonycTHMOTO, ce Hanara peAyKUMs as cnew4mi'[Horo Haipexcenme (o6WicaoBewo ipes yae-
nK9eHHe Ha 4)yHAaMeHTHaTa nAOCKOCT).
B raOAHux 5-10 ca AaAeHH CTOAHOCTH sa onyCTHMOTO GlflrBaue:ua'HAKOH KoaCTpyK-
uHH, KOHTO Morar Aa 6bAaT H3nonsyBBHH, B CAygaA qe He CMe TH:NS"CAHAN no npasanara
Ha CTaTHKaTa 8b3 OCHOBa Ha onpeAeneHOTO CAArsawe Ha no'BHTe. Hanp8Mep axO cMe NaMe-
pHAN, qe yCT09T Ha AaAeH MOCT, gHATO CHCTeMa, P, r,TarwieCKH McOHpeAQ1niMa, me ce caerHe
S CM, TO Bb3 OCHOBa Ha ToBa noAAaBaHe MOBCeM Aa onpeaeanM Hoaygaaa wwTe ce BbTpelHiH
yCHAHN (MOMeHT, llaRWRRn cH HaAab)KHH cm m). Axo nocaeAHNre npH'HHAT paspymaaaae Ha
KOHCTpyxunsTa MaKap' H eAHo 11acaeABaiO CegemHe, asno e, ge C49PBa$e'roS CM He sconce Aa
6bAe noHeceHO OT c'bopbxceHHeTO H o6parao. B nbpBH9, cayme paameTaoTo KanpexcenHe
TpH6Ba Aa ce HaMarH HAN KoacrpyKUHAra Aa ce yCHJH, aanpHMep gees C'bOTBeTHOTO
apMHpaHe.
Eaesaropno OTAeacKHe npw cHn03H, cpyHmpaHO Bbpxy eAin}Ha
cToMaHO6eToHHa Wioga ,
MOHOaHTHH CBOpbxceHHA C MODUHH 4yHAaMefTH - 4 a6pHuHH
KOMHHN, BOAHM Kyail,'crba6oBe Ha ppOCTH rpeAH
FIOCTpOAKH c HOCeuU,UH ryxaeHH CT HH
rIOCTpOAI(H C paMOB CKeaeT
4,yHAaMeHTH Ha UlH1[yCTPH&SHH C,rpaAH, en. UeHTpIH
Taoawua 5-10
AonyerHMo pasNOMepHo
cAaraase a CM
20-40
.12-20
8-12
5-8.
3- 5
B ra6a.-5--?11 Ca AageKH AOnyCTNMKTe croAaecrH na Haunoaa, orHocHTeunoro ol-bsane
u Hase)KABHe H pa3awxara s cnwrBaaeTO `Ha 4,yHAaMeHHre cHOpeA H H ,TY 127-55.
Ta6awua 5-11
CrporneaHa sovsa a.ocooBara
e no
pea
HopMHpasa seasveHa
vecbvotsa H {
raHneera, s
l
rassecra, C
naaeratpa
f
TabpAo
cbcroease
J
HONC TOHAM
i
2
4
1
HaKaoHt Ha KpaHOBH nbTHnia H Ha nbTauta sa Te)KKH
MOCTOBH xpawoee
0,003
0,003
2
PaaAwwa B cn9rsaaero Ha 4-yHAaMeHTunTe KOnoHH Ha
rpa)KAancxw H npoMauuneBH crpaaH :
a) Ha eTOcdaaeHB H CTOMaao6eToaHB paMOBH KoH-
CTpyxuNH
0,002.E
0,0021.L
6) Ha KpaAHH peAoan Kum c nweexc oT awAapkl9;
0,0007.L
0,0010.L
440
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B) Ha KOHCTpyKiHH, B KOHrO Be ce nonaaaar Aonba-
HHTeAHH yCHAHH npH HepaBHOMepHO cAgraaHe Ha
(pyHAaMeHTHTe
OTHOCHTeaao orbBaHe' Ha HeapMHpBHH 3HAaHH CreHH:
a) Ha MHOroeTa)KHH )KHAHIUHH H npoMHnlaeRH CrpaAH
6) Ha eAHoeraK(flHnpOMH1IAeHH crpaAH
OTHocnTeAHO HaBexcAaHe3 Ha MacHBHH HAH npbcreHo-
BHAHH (pyHAaIeHTH. C BIIcoxa KOpaBHHa (KOMHHH,
CHAOBH KOpnyCH H AP.) npH HaA-He6JlarOnpHHTHo
HaroBapBaHe
1 4
3 a 6 e a e )K K H: ) HaKAOHMT e orRolneHaero Me)KAy pa3aHKara B c.HrBaHHSTa Ha
(pyHAaMenTHre H pa3CTO9HHeTO Me8(Ay.THx.
2 OrHOCHreanoro orbaaHe e oTROIUeHHero MexcAy pa3AHKaTa B CaHTBBHHHTa Ha creRara
H AbancHHara Ha orbaa-IIHH ce yvacrbK.
3 OTHOCHTeaHOTO Haag uaxe e OTHOIDeHHeTO Mea(Ay pa3AHKara B CAHrsaHHHTa Na $yn-
AaMeHra H BHCORHHaTa Ha CbOpb)KeHReTO.
4 L e paxrosHHe MexcAy OCHTe Ha.$yHAaueiTHTe;
1- A'ba)KHHa Ha orbBanlHH ce ygacTbK Ha CTeHaTa;
h - BHcogaHa Ha CTeHara or crbnaaTa Ha,(pynAauenra.
CaeAoBareaHO, 3a Aa MOxceM Aa HsBbpwnM onpeAeanaero Ha AonycTHMOTO HanpexceHHe
npH HecnOeaHre CTpOHreaHH nogaH (CBbp3aHH H Hecwbp3awH) no 3aKoHHTe Ha 3eMHaTa Me?
xanaxa, e Heo6xoAHMo Aa pa3noiarane c:
1.14AeeH npoeKT Ha cbopb)ceHHero. Or Hero ce 83eMar: paaMepare H 4OpMBTa Ha
4)yHAaMeHrHTe, npoeKruOro, peon. npeAH3BHKB8n[OTO CJIHraaHeTO HaTosapaane, Ar.A6ogHHaTa
Ha 4VHAHpaRe, CTaTH9eCKaTa cHCTeua H KOHCTpyKTHBHHTe oco6euocTH Ha 4)yHAaMeHriTe,
BHAbT Ha HaTOBBpBaHeTO HM, HaaH'HaTO Ha B3aHMOAetCTSHe C ApyrH 4yHAaMeHTH, HaMH-
pantH ce Ha6JIHao, H T. H.
3 a 6 e a e )K K a. Hanpexceuneto, Koero IIpeAH3BHKHa casraaHeTo, ce OnpeAeaH, Kato or
cneuH(pHqHOTO HanpexceHHe p (5,71) ce H3BaAH reg2O)KKHHr Tosap p1 (5,21), AeACTBysaln a
xopesoHTaaHaTa paBHHHa Ha Aba609HHaTa Ha 4yHAHpaae h
5,101)
11O-TOVHO
(5,101,a)
op=p -,p, Kr,CM2.
M
ap =p - 1 - ~ Pr,
e MoAya Ha cA9rBaHeTO, onpeAeaeR #la rnaBHHH
npecnoaHaTa HBa;
M'cn - MoAya Ha caHlalleTO, onpeAeaeR Ha BTOpH9HH9 KAOH Ha HarosapBaHe, T. e.
CAeA KaTO BeAHb)a e ocbuleCTBeH eAHH UHK1JI OT HaroaapBane m. pa3roBap-
Bane Ha nogBaTa (npo6ara).
Koraro AbHOTO Ha lpyH)taMeHTHara: HMa Be Ha&l,6He (BCAeACTBHe pa3ynJT,THHBaHe), TO-
raBa (popMyaa. (5,101,a) CTaaa HAeHTHVHa c (5,101), c ApyrH AyMH Ka3aHO, M'C,--.
2. reoao)KKH H xaAporeoaoxcKH npofpxa as MHCTOTO Ha crpoexca. OT Hero ce BseMar
AAHHH 3a HanaacrexocTTa, McCTonoAoxceHHeTO Ha caa6HTe naacroBe H BHAa Ha CTpOHTea-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HHTe no4BH, MecronoJIoH(eHHeTO Ha 0CHOBHaTa CKa.aa (aKO HMa TaKHBa), HHBOTO Ha nOA3eM-
Hara BOAa H T. H.
3. Jla6oparopHH H3CaeAB8HHH Bbpxy HeHapytueHH o6pa3uH. Te o6xBailaj onpeAeAAHe
Ha o6eMHOTO Terao, brbaa Ha BbTpe(HHO TpHeHe H Koxe3HRTa, ecTecYBeBara BaaHCHocT, rpa-
HHUHTe Ha KOHCHCTeRgHATa, 3bpHOMeTpH4HH9 CbcTaB, 4)1t3HKo-MexaHtt4HHTe CBOf1CTBa Ha
no4BHTe nog cpyHAaMeBTHTe, KOMnpecHOHHHTe H3nHTBaHHH H Ap.
3 a 6 e A e MC K a. MOAyAbT Ha CA9rBaHeTO Mowwe Aa 6bae onpeAeneH H 4pe3 np06HO HaTO-
BapBaHe Ha IuaMn cbc ceqeHHe 5000 CM2 Ha CaMOTO MfICTO Ha (pyHAaMeHTa, KaTo ce Cna3BaT
cboTBeTHHTe npaaHAa (BHHC ra. VII, T. 3).
Tp96Ba Aa ce HUa npeABHA, 4e aKO AHnc8a eAHa OT TpHTe ropeH36poeHH TO4KH, Ao-
nyCTHMOTO HarosapBane He MOHCe Aa 6bae onpeaeJleHO. OT BCH'KO Ka3aHO AOTyK OTHOCHO
AOnyCTHMOTO HaTOBapBaHe e 9CHO, 4e CaMo npoeKTHpaauHgT CbopbMCeHHeTO HH)KeHep e B Cb-
CTOHHHe Aa H3BbpIHH onpeaeA9HeT0 My.
3. OIIPEAEJISIHE HA AOHYCTHMOTO HATOBAPBAHE no HOPMH
3a npeaaapNTeJHH, npH6AH3HTeJHH H OpHeHTnpOBb4HH H34HCAeHHSI Moxce Aa ce Ao-
nycHe H36HpaHeTO Ha AOnyCTHMOTO HaTOBapBaHe Aa crane OT CbIUecTByBaMHTe 3a Ta3H qea
Ta6aHuH. BHHarH o6a4e Tp96Ba as ce B3eMaT npeABHA orpaHH4eHHHTa, KOHTO onpeAeA9T
o6AacTTa Ha npHJIONCeHHeTO NM H KOHTO npnapyxcaBar Ta6AHUHTe.
rlo-AoAy AaBaMe ra6AHga 5-12 (no BorocnoBCKH), Ko9TO BaNCH npH CAeAHHTe yenoBHH:
1. EAHOpoAeH reOAOMcKH CTpOeIC H eAHaKBH xHApOreOAOMCKH yCAOBHfI noA ugnaTa cTpOH-
TeJIHa nuoIU.
C'bOTBeTHHH BHA noqBa OT HOpMHTe.
.3. Hapacraanero Ha ToBapa OT lpyHAaMeHTHTe
HOBpeMenHO.
noKa3aTeJIH Aa OrroBap9T HaTnaIHO Ha
4. AbA604HHaTa Ha CpyHQHpaHe Aa e 2,0 M noA nOBbpxHOCTra Ha repeHa.
3a cay4aHTe, H36poeHH no-AOAy, AOnyCTHMOTO HaTOBapBaHe He MOHCe Aa Ce B3eMe OT
ra6A. 5-12, a Tp96Ba Aa ce onpeaeAH no onucaHN9 Bege Ha4HH.
1. r1pH HaJHgHeTO Ha oco6eHH no4BH, HeygaclrayBaauH B Ta6A. 5-12, HanpHMep pox-
KBBH nJCbuH H neCb4AHBH rAHHH, rnHHH H nec'b4AHBH rJIHHH B Te4Ha KOHCHCTeHUH9, npo-
naAaIUH Aboco8e, Ha6b6BanrH no4BH, noqBH, CbAbpJCaIUH noaege OT 50/0 OpraHH4eCKH H
BOAnopaarBop}MH BeIUeCTBa, CNAHO H3BeTpeAH CKaAH H HaCHHH.
2. npH mocrpaHHO H3KAHHJIBaHe Ha nnacrosere.
3. nPH ANHaMH4eH H 6i.p3o HapacTBaut ToBap. -
4. 17pH KpaHOB ToBap noBe4e OT 20 TOHa.
5. IIpH xHApOTexHH4eCKH CbopbZeHH9 H HHAyCTpHaJHH crpaAN.
AonyCTHMH HanpeJCeHHH Ha noqBHTe npH 2,0 M AbA609HHa Ha tpyHAHpaxe
H npH cpeAHO 3HageHHe Ha MOAyaa Ha CAH1BaHe B M
1no
CTponrenea nogea
M
KrACM2
Gaon
KrlCM2
M
KrICM2
adon
Kr1CM3
3a6eaeecKa
1 1
2
3
4
5 6 7
A. CKaizu
I
Heo6xoAHMa e
npoBepKa Ha
HeH3BerpeAH CKaJH,
CpB3BaHe;
MBAKO HanyKaHN, 6e3
_1
y -Re
1
R
T
=
KapCTOBH KyXHHH
-
e
15
Aon
Rc - HBTHCKOBa
9KOCT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
a
f 4'
} 5
I 6
r 7
B. Hampouwuu cxaAu
,I10HyCTHMOTO
'laiCaAu
naupe*eHHe 3a-
BHCH 'OT 9KOCTTa
CHJHO HanyKaHa cKana
Ha cKeaerRara
(He rpyc)
15-6
4acT, or cacTaea?
'4aKlul H KaMbHH
650-540
6-5
Ha 3anblHHTeaa;
CpeAeH 9aKbu
650-290
6-4
npH n9cbgeH
11pe6eH YaKbR H 6aaacrpa
420-140
4-2
3anbaxNTeA oT
HerOBara nd'6T-
HOCT, a npH
raaaeCT 3anbA-
HHren - or He-
room KOHCH-
cTeHgHA
a) cyx
6) BRa)KeH HRH
HacnTeH
B. 17Rcal4u
I19C'bK eubp, 9aKbjeCT
He3aBNCHMO OT BAaHC-
HoCTTa
II9C16K CpeAHO3bpHeCT
He3aBHCHMO OT BRa)KHOCTTa
HHCbK Ape6HO3bpHeCT :
TI9CiK npaxoB :
a) cyx
6) BRaxceK
B) BOAOHaCHreH
1IACb& rJHHeCT :
a) B a)Iceg
B) BoAoHacareH
r. rAuHecmu llO'dU
raHHa
1'IROBHUa
2,5 BHCCH Hpa
rpaaHUaTa Ha
H3TOgBaHe wyy,
a 1,0 - rpaaH-
uara Ha nporHVa-
He W.P. 3a Mew-
(5,103)
3a 4lyHAaMeHTH
.(5,104)
iHO 4()OpMyaara
.(5,102)
3a no-mama Ala6OqHHa
480
4,5
360
3,5
420
4,0
310
3,0
360
3,5
250
2,5
310
190
2,0
210
3,0
175
2,5
175
2,5
140
2,0
140
2,0
9O
1,5
160
2,5
125
2,0
125
2,0
90
1,5
90
1,5
50
1,0
590-160 6,0-2,5
160-40.
2,5-1,0
390-160 4,0-2,5
1
160-40
2,5-1,0
AHHHH CbCTOlHH9
Ce HHTepnoaHpa
3 a"6 e q e* K a. ,TlamHHTe BaNCaT 3a uearpavHO HaroBapaale H cTarageH romp.
3a no-roasMa AbR6o9HHa Ha 4()yHAHpaHe AaHHHTe or Ta6RHUara Morar "Aa ce yaeJHVaT
ahAon=6Aon+O,1K. 0 (h- 2);
Hamm 4iopuyam
QhAOn-CA01 -0,5 (2- h);
Ha abHWHH 3HAOBe c H36a BaxcH 4))opMynara
?hAOn - aAOn +0,15A (h - 2) - 0;5 (2 --- hl),
CTOIIHOCTHTe 6,0
H 4.0 Bawar llpa
rpamwuara as
cBHBaae w.;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
BbscpOplynNre
ahAon e AonycTHMO HanpexceHHe Ha AbA6ogHHa h -, 2 M;
OAO? -. AOnyCTHMO HanpexceHHe, B3ero OT Ta6ANUa 5-10;
0 - o6eMHo Term Ha nbvsara no npore)KeHHe Ha h;
K - KoegPHAHeHT:
3a rnHHH K=1,5 ;
3a rJIHHeCTH n$CbUH H necb9AHBH rJHHH K=2,0 ;
as nscbui K=2,5.
h - AbJ609HHa Ha 4IyJANpaHe;
hl- Abn6o4HHa Ha 4lyHAaMeHTa, MepeHa OT nOAA Ha H36ara,
O[IpeAeAHHeTO Ha Aon3CrHMHTe HaTosapBaHH9, KaKTO H opa3MepaBaHeTO Ha (pyHAaMeH-
THTe Ha 06HKHOBeHH H HHA7CTpHaJRH 'crpaAH ce H3Bbpi Ba no H H TY 127-55.
Ilpi HsnoA3ysaaeTO Ha Ta6nHua 5-12 N H H TY 127-55 He 6HBa Aa ce 3a6pasa, we
Te.ca CbCtaBeHH 3a CTpOHTeJHHTe fOgBH B CbBeTCKHH C1.103 N orpaaslBar CTpOHTeJHHH
ORHT TaM C rHnHgHHTe nogseHH npeACraBHTeJH, cbAbpxcaw.H ce B Te3H HopMaTNBH.
4. OHPEAEJWHE HA AOIIYCTHMO HATOBAPBAHE UPH AHHAMH4HH TOBAPH
11pH AHHaMHgHH TOBapH (MaWHHHH 4)yHAaMeHTH H np.) onpeAenaHeTO Ha AOnycruMOTO
HaTOBapBaae CTaBa C OrneA Aa ce H.a6erHe npoTHVaHeww? Ha nOYBHTe noA t?ynAaueHrHre.
M 14. Mopo3oB Aasa cneAeoro ycnOBHe 3a paBHOBecHCTO Ha CTpOHTeAHHTe nO'BH npH Aefi-
cTsHeTo Ha AHHaMH4HH CHJIH:
(5,105) h. A (29, n+ 1) - (Pc+Pd) 0,
KbAero h e Abn6oquHa Ha 4yHAHpaHe;
A - o6eiHo Terao Ha nogeara no npoTe)KeHHe Ha h;
t - Koe41NHHear Ha CTpaHHVHO HansraHe (BH)t ra6n. 5-4) ;
P, - Hanpexceaae Bbpxy nogBaTa or CTaTHUHHH toBap (Monte Aa e pasHO Ha OAOR
onpeAeneao cbra. T. 2 N 3);
pd- HanpexceHHe Bbpxy no'Bara OT AHHaMHgHHS TOBap (o6HKa0BeHo ce AaBa or
npOH3BOAHTeAa Ha MaIHHHBTa).
B cayvaB ae AsccHara CTpaHa Ha ypaaaeHHe (5,105) crane < 0, T. e. ycnoBHerO He e
HanbJHeHO, ecrecrseHara ocHoBa me ce pa3pylllH. 3a Aa ce OCHrypH CTa6njHOCTTa Ha IpyH-
AaMeaTa, Tps6Ba HAH Aa ce'yBeAH'N Abn6OixHara Ha cpyHJ(HpaHe, HBH Aa Ce noHHxcH nOA-
3eMHara BOAa (aK6 c)yHAaMeHrbr e noToneH? B Hea), HAM Aa Ce HaMaJISIT Pc H Pa 'Ipe3.
yseJlH9aBase Ha l(IyHAaMe0T$ara nnoCKOCT.
3 a 6 e a e xc K a. MaKponopeCTHTe no9nH - Hafi?YeCTO abocosere, KOHTO nponaAaT, He
ce TpeTHpar B HaCTOsw aTa ToMKa, nonexce KaKBaTO H cTOBHOCT Aa AaAeM Ha AonyCTHMOTe
HenpexceHHe, Mahal) N MHOro nncxa, npH HaMOKpfHe IQyHAaMeHTHTe 3ano4Bar AB ce CJIHrBaT
MROro HHreH3HBIIO. 11p[t Tax AonycnHMOTO HaToBapsane e 6e3 3HaveHHe, AOKaro He ce or-
CTpaHH onacaocrra or nponaAaHe pea noAxoAaInH MeponpHHTNs. B cnyvaa ue toga ce
ocbluecTBH, AOnyCTHMOTO nanpexceHHe MOxce Aa 6bAe N36pano B C'bOTBercTBHe c H H
TY 137-56.
)K. YCTOh9NBOCT HA OTKOCHTE
ABHxceHHeToHa 3eMHHTe MacH a npnponara e nOCTOHHHO cpeutacuo ce H IIIHpOKO pa3-
np6CrpaHeHO 9BaeHHe. KaKTO 6e cnoMenaro a rA. B, T. 1 B, HKOCTTa Ha nOgBHre 3aBHCH OT
CbnporasneHHero HM cpenIy Cpaaaane. Bescnopoo e, ve HacrbnBaaero Ha raxona ABHweHHe
np 3eMaare MacH e CBbp3aHO C npeOAOnaBaaerO Ha CbnporHBAeaHeTocpeiuy cp83saHe B pe-
AHna T09KH Ha nogBeHHB MaCHB, nopaAH Koero YaCr or nogaaTa, orpanHleHa C HHKaKBa.
nAOCKOOT, 3an09Ba Aa ce xnb3ra no Ta3H. IMOCKOCT Bbpxy HenOABH]KHaTa, yCTOB4HBa no9-
aeHa Maca.
HaA-O6eKTHBHHHT Ha9HH 3a oueHKa Ha eBeHTyaJIHHre Bb3Mo)KHOCTH 3a eAHO TaKOBa
xjrb3raHe HAH CBJIH9aHe Ha KOAH4ecrBeHHTe MerOAH. KOAKOTO H Aa ca HeCbBbpileHH Te3H
McTOAH, npHAaraHeTO HM e Heo6x0AHMo m npeACTaBJIHBa AopTarbvHO HaAe)KAeH nOxBaT npH
H3CAeABaHeTO Ha yCTOf19HBOCTTa Ha 3eMHHTe OTKOCH 6HA0 npH eCTecrBeHOTO HM 3anaraue,.
6Hno B H3KyCTBeHH 3eMHH, CbopbxxenMa (3eMHOaacHnHH nperpaAfl, HaCHRH, H3KOHH H up.)-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Tpa6Ba Aa ce oT6eneHcH, qe TogHOro aHaAHTHgno pemeHHe, noayge9o no TeopnaTa Ha
rpaHHgxoTo paBnoBecae or B. B. CoKOnoRCKH no McTOAa Ha 6e3paaNepHHTe npoMeUAHBa.,
npeAcraaiaaa CAOHCeH H o6euHCT xmmc nTeaeH npogec, nopaAH KoeTo ce npBAaraT onpo
cTemHTe McTOAH, AaAeHH no-AoAy.
i. OIIPE)(F.JIAHE YCTOMMBOCTTA HA OTKOCHTE 11PH HECBbP3AHH IIOgBH'
lpM HeCBbp3aHHTe nogBH ycTOB HBHHr'OTKOC a e TbH(AecTseH c brbJa Ha BbTpeumOTO,
'rpHeHe p, B CaygaB qe OTKOCbT He e noAAOHIeH Ha AeBCTBHeTO Ha BbHuIHH CHAR H xBApo-
AHHaMHgeH HaTHCK.
B TaIbB cAygait Koe4)HHHeHTmT Ha ycTOfi4HBocT 77 ce onpeaena no cpopuyAara
(5,106) 71? tga:
AKo OTKOCbT e nOAAOHCeH Ha AeacTBHeTo ma xIApoAHHauKgen HaTHCK, Koe(nHAHe* mT
ea yCTOfi'HBOCT (7)) ce onpeAena no 4)OpMyAaTa
an.Cosa.,tgp
(5,107) "-- Te.n.tga-i-n.tgQL+Ox. sine
1uoM 17 > 1, OTKOCbT Ha HeCBbp3aHaTa nolBB, HaKnOHCH noA IrbA a, e ycTongHB.
BbB (rnpMyJHTe t? e o6eMHO Terno noA BOAa B rjcM3;
a - HaKAOH Ha oTKOCa;
p - brba Ha BbTpeuluOTo TpHeHe Ha HecBT+p3anaTa nO'Ba;
n - o6eM Ha nopHTe;
're - cnewi4,w nO TerAO Ha BOAaTa B rjcu3.
npE xseoaa Ha O pupa (5,107) ce upeanonara, ge, HanpaBAeHHeTO Ha xHIIpOAHHaMHg-
huB HBTHCK CbBnaAa c.HanpaBAeHHeTo na orKoca.
O6paTHaTa 3aaaga, T. e. onpeaenaHeTo Ha brbAa, a npx 3aaaAemKoeolUtHeBT Ha yCmn-
9HBOCT ?in ApyrHTe BenrgHHH (A,,n H p), Moxce' Aa 6bae peweHa epee onHTBaxe? c no-
MOWWTa Ha ypaaHeHHe (5,107). flpH Toes 3a>AecreaMe AaAenHTe BeAHgHHH B (5,107) H 3aAa-
aaMe nOCAe)OBareJHO pa3AHiuH 3BageHHa Ha a, AoKaro paBeHCTBOTO 6bAe yAOBAe'rpopexo..
2. I'PA4O-AHAJIHTHgHII HAtHHH 3A OIIPE,1(EJIAHE HA ?YCTOiR4HBOCTTA
HA OTKOCHTE 11PR CBbP3AHH IIO'IBH
fl p H M e p. Ra 6bae npoBepeHa ycTO6'HB0CTTa Ha AaAeHH6 Ha 4 )Hr. 5-16 oTKOC c
BHCOgHHa 30 M, C'bCTOHWI ce OT ABa naaCTa c MOIUHOCT 5 H 25 M, 'HHTO ()H3nxo-MexaHHHHH
noKa3aTeJH Ca AaaeHH Ha 4)Hrypara.
flpO4)HAbT Ha OTKoca ce HagepTasa., i, onpeAeaei mauxa6 (4)Hr. 5-16). CbulecrByBar
pa3AH'HH McTOAH 3a nponeHcAane Ha npoBepKaTa Ha ycr0B'HBocrra Ha OTKOCHTe.
McTOA Ha TepuarH-KypT.He
HagepTasaMe OKpb4CHOCT C ueHTbp 0 (3a H36npaHe Ha uenmpa BH)( T. 3), KOHTO MH-
HaBa npe3 nerara Ha orxoca, C paAHyC R H nonygasaue IUIOCKOcTTa Ha cBAHgaHe (Ha gepreMca,
pa36Hpa ce, naocxocTTa ce npoeicrHpa B AHHHH x nopaAH ToBa HaTarblc me roBOpEM canto
3a AHHHa). B natum cnygaf R=60 M. JIHHm1Ta Ha cBAHgaoe pa3AenBMe Ha I1OH3BOneH 6pofi
caCTH, KOHTO He e HeO6xOAHMO Aa ca c eAHaKBa HIHpHHa. Ha geprexca gacT'HTe ca eAHHa-
AeceT. HowepHpaMe rH nocaeAOBareenno, KaKTO e nolca3aeo, Karo npe3 TogxHTe - OT 0 JIO 11
npeKapeaue:paAHyox,AoueHTbpa!0'H BepTHKaJHH ,AHHHH, KOHTO npecHgaT KoirTypa Ha
OTKOCB B ToncE're OT 1' AO '10' (0' H 11' chanuaT C. 0 H 11). lpe3 ro'ucnre OT 1' AO 11'
cnyciaMe nepneWAHKYAapH KbM CThOTBeTHHTe. paAHYCH H no TO3H HagHH nonygaaane orceq-
KHre N H Q, KOHTO HoMepnpaMe c HugeKCH Or 1 Ao 10. OTCeVKHTe N ?HawacHMe no Bep
THKaAHw1e )%RluuIkarope or TogiHTe (or 1 Ao 10), aeicauiH Ha Kpnaara Ha caangane. Or-
cegKHTe''Q, AexcawH umenO OT paguyca,Kbn KolTO Te ca nepneHAHKyAapnn,-HanacnMe
CBHIO 'Barope or CboTBeTHara TOUKa Ha KpHBara na cBaHgaue, AOKarO,Tears, neH(antH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4 nr. 5-16. 143caeAeaHe yCTo AgHBocrra Ha OTKOCHTe no Tepnarl-KypTHe
BaMO OT paAHyca, KbM KoflTo ca nepneuAHxyJapHH, HafacsMe HaAOny OT CborBeTHaTa
roica no Bepm arnaTa JHHHH, MHHaeanxa npe3 HeR (Ha vepTe)Ka e uoKa3aHo KaK ce
HaHBCAT OTce9KHTe N H Q Camo 3a TO9KHTe 2 H 8). KpaHiuaTa Ha TBKa HBHeceHHTe OTce4KH
cbeAHHABaMe c nnaBHH kpuBH aHHHH - N H Q. IIaOCKOCTHTe, KOHTO TeBa KpwBH aaTBapar
C JHHHATa Ha CBiH4ane, ca F1 (3a JHHHaTa N), F2 (3a nOAO)KHTeAHBTa qaCT Ha'aHHHAta Q)
H Fa (3a orpnuaTeakaTa yaCT Ha aHHHATa Q).'4pe3 naauHMeTpHpawe HAx Apyr Ha'HH H3Mep-
BaMe aHnaTa Ha Te3H CLCOCKOCTH. B HaIHHA cayvaf : F1=2045 M2, F2=685 M2 H Fa=138 M2.
N3MepBaMe Han H39HcanBawe Abrara 0-11 =L H C ToBaa MoweM Aa onpeAenMM Koegnl-
UHeHTa Ha CHrypHOCT 7 no 4opMyaara
K bAeTO
(5,109)
(5,110)
L- AbJKHHa Ha AHHHATa
p - brba Ha BbTpeIIHOTo
C - KOxe3HH B T/M2;
IN. tg p+cL
7)=- 2 Q
BN=F1. A [T] ;
ZQ=(F2 - F8) ? A ITI
Ha xab3raHe B M
Tpwene ;
A - o6eMHO Terio Ha CTpoHTeanaTa
B Hawww Cay9af
2045.2,0.0,268+109.2
11 (685-138) 2.0
)j,.* KHHaTa Ha Abrara L=115 M, OT KOHTO 109 M B naacr II, a oKOao 6 M B naacr 1.
T'b11 KaTO npHHOC'bT Ha nOCaeAHHA 6a0K M 11 KbM o6nlaTa cyMa ma HOpMaaHHTe CHJH
IN e He3Ha4HreaeH, 3a brba Ha BbTpenIHOTO TpHene Ha ueaHA xab3ran( ce, MBCHB e Bb3-
npHera cToAHocTTa na npeo6aauaBawHH caoN 11, T. e. rp=150.
3 a 6 e a e BC K a. T03H Hav}H Ha onpeAeinne yCTOa9HBOCTTa Ha OTKOCHTe cTaBa owe
no?yAo6es, aKo aaaecei OTCe9KHTe N H Q He or KpHBBTa Ha CBAH9aHeTO, a OT xOpH3OH-
TaaHBTa A npoeKwHa, Bbpxy KOHTO CborBeTHo npoeKTHpaMe H TOVKHTe OT 0 AO 11. no T03H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HavHH nAaHHMerpHpaHeTO CTaBa no-aecHO H 9epTew6T no-nperaeAeH.
McTOAbT e npHroneH 3a eAHopoAHa no4Ba m MHOrO ycxopfea HsgHCaIBaHeTo, B CAyyaq
9e HscaeABaHHHT'npoanva e HavyneH.
McTOJ( Ha OKp'b)KHOCTT'a Ha TpHeHe
Ci,uu ui npoa,Ha e npoaepeH H no McTOAa na OKpbxcHOCTTa Ha TpHeHe (eepT. 5-17).
jlpe3 To4Ka 0 (onpeAeasHeTo at BHHC B T. 3) npeKapwawe OKpbHCHOCT C paAHyc R. C uea
3a cpaBHeHHe ca 3ana3eHH Cb1uHTe nOKa3aTeaH H KOHCTpyKTHBHM AeTafJH KaKTO H B npe-
t'Hr. 5-17. lbcaeABaHe ycTofl HBocTTa Ha oTKocHTe no McToAa Ra OKpbXMOCTTa
Ha TpHeHe'
AHWHHH npHMep. OnpeAea9Me a1AOCKOCTTa Ha cevemHeTO F, aexcaiuo MeacAy npoanHaa H AH-
HHAra Ha CBAH9aHe (vpe3 H34HcaeHHe, npeTerisHe Ha H3pB3aHOTO OT nOAKOJuWZ KapTOH
cegeHHe HAH HaaHHMeTpHpaHe) H onpeAeanMe HeroBHH ueHTbp Ha TexcecrTa. ToBa MoHCe Aa
CTaHe C nOAHrOHa Ha CHAHTe (Heo6xoaHMa a caMO eARaTa my KOOpAHHaTa - X) HAH* pea
ypaBHOBeCHBaHe Ha H3pA3aHoro ce4CHHe Ha Bbpxa Ha enHa TOnaH11Ka. B ueHTbpa Ha Te-
)KeCTTa BbB BepTHKaaHa nocoxa AeACTByBa G Ha cegeHHeTo
(5,111) G=F. A (T],
Kbnero
a e o6eMHO MAO Ha novaara B T/M3.,
PamoTo a Ha paBHoueBcTeyBaulara Ha icoxe3RATa K ce HaMHpa no QiopMyaara
(5,112) a=R FMJ,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KbAeTO R e paAHyc Ha AHHH9Ta Ha CAB' BfH4ane a M;
L - AwIwHHA Ha rata a M ;
L - AbnNCHHa Ha xopuara AB- B M.
11
B HawHA cJiy aH a=60,0 5=70,0 M.
rlocoKaTa Ha AefCTBHe Ha cHnaTa K e ycnopeAHa Ha xopAara AB, a BeaHgHHaTa A e
(5,113) K=c.L [T].
B HawHA cnyvait K=98,5.2=197,0 T.
llopaAH MaAKaTa A'bfBCHHa Ha AbraTa Ha xdbaraTeaHaTa Ammx B o6cera Ha nnaCT I as
CTOHHOCT Ha KOZe3Hara B ueXHA x maraiu ce MBCHB e Bb3npHeTa CTOHHOCTTa Il a npeo6na-
AaaawHA cnoH II, T. e. c=2,0 T/M2.
AKo HavepTaeM nom ma Ha CHAHTe (CmHr. 5-17) K2, G H Q, we nOJIyvHM roneMH-
HaTa H nocoKara Ha Q, npHioiceHa B npece4HaTa TOqKa Ha G H K.
C ueHrbp 0 OnHCBaMe olcpbHCHOCT C paAHyc
(5,114) r=R,. sin p
H BHNCAaMe,, ve cnnaTa Q A npecwla. ToBa we peve, me OTKOCbr HMa Koe4 HwseHT Ha CHryp-
HOCTTa, nO-rOJIAM OT eAHHHua, Tbf Kamm aKo cay4afHO Q TaRrHpawe Ta3H OKpb1KHOCT;, 11
wewe Aa 6bAe TOVHO paaeH H8 1,0. B cAyvaH ve Q He TaHTHpa HVH He npecH4a OKpbHc-
HOCTTa Ha TpHeHeTO, ToraBa OTKOC1.T e HeyCTOH4HB (71 < 1,0).
3a Aa onpeAeaHM TOqHO KBKBa CHrypHOCT npHTeicaBa OTKOCbT, HeO6xoAHMo e Aa H3-
BbpWHM CneAHOTO: 3aAaBaMe HAKaKBa CTOHHOCT Ha Koe4IHUHeHTa Ha CHryPHOCT, Hanp. 'i,
H onpeAeasMe 3a Hell c' H r' no C]$OpMyJIHTe
(5,115) ? c'= +71
H
(5,116)
K-bAeTo :
(5,117)
p'=arctg (tg? -P)
HaHacAMe B noJIHroHa Ha CHJIHTe HOBara CTOHHOCT Ha (]1HKTHBHaTa paBHOAeHCTByBawa
Ha Koxe3HATa
(5,118) K'=c'L [T].
OnpeAeaAMe c noMOlLTa Ha G H K' HOBOTO nono)KeHHe Ha Q' H RICO nocoiara }C TaH-
rHpa oKpb)KHOCTTa c paAHyc r', rorasa 3aAaAexara CTOHHOCT Ha Koe([1HUneura Ha CHrypHOCT
171 npeAcraaasiBa AeHcTBHTenHHAr KOed)HwHeHT Ha yCTOH'HBOCT. B cayvat ve ToBa He e
TaKa, 3aAaBaMe HOBa CTOHHOCT Ha Koec,HUHeHTa Ha CHrypHOCT H noBTapsMe H36pOeBHTe
onepaiHH, AOKaTO Q CTaHe TaHreHTa Ha CbOTBeTHaTa OKpb%HOCT. 3aAaAeHaTa CTOHHOCT Ha
xoe(QHUHeHTa Ha CHrypHOCT, npH KOATO Q Tampa cboraerHara oKpb)KHOCT, npeACraaasaa
Ae3CTBHTeJHHAT Koe4 HUHeHT Ha yCTOH4HBOCT.
11pHAouceHo 3a HaIH$I cay4af, ropHOTO' pa3c7,HCAenne gaBa Bb3MO)KHOCT Aa 6bAe onpe-
AKO ynOTpe6HM (popMynaTa, Aaueaa B aHTepaiypaTa,
Q.Rsinp+c.L.a
G.a
we nonyvHM 17=1,40, Koero e 3asxweao.
McT0A Ha Macnos (F-MeTOA)
Or 4,1r. 4-19, KOATO npeACTasiAsa AHarpaMa Ha Cps3BaHeTo, ce BHnCAa, ve brbnbT
Ha cbnpoTnBJIeHHe Ha cpA3BaHeTO (pp npH cBbpaaHHTe no4BH e npoMewIHBa BeaHgHHa. C
pacre1Ca Ha HopMaJIHOTO HanpeaceHHe p (raM a) brbnbT ~p ce HaManssa. 11pH HecsbpaaBHTe
no46H *P=p.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B ocuoBara HA cBOH N3HIUeW McToA MaCaOBnocTiIH N36OAa
(5,119)
HAH H3pa3eHo C AyMH: sa AaAeua TOgKa no oTKoca brwMT Ha yCTOtt4HBHH oTKOC Ha Cebp-
3aaHTe no'lBH,;ce pauHBea Ha brbaa Ha cbnpoTNBaenhe Ha cpxsaaHe Ha nogBaTa, RoAro ce
oupeAean no CAeAHHa HaqHH:
(5,120)
(5,121)
1
c
Fp=tg$p=tg P-F C; ,
Oro=arc tg Fp.
1,2?
142?
Ha 4)Hr. 5-18 e nposeAello x3cneABaeeTO Ha nO3HaTHH OT dnr. 5-16 H 5-17 orKoc.
OTKOCbT Ce pa3AeAa Ha XOPM3OHTaAHN HBHUN, KaTo ce B3eMaT npeatsaA pasANgaere
CTpOHTeAHH nORBH, KOHTO ro CbCTaBAHBaT. Te ce OTAeAHT B CaMOCTONTIAHH AaMelIH.
3a pasiNuHNTe AbA6ogHHH h OT nOBbpxHOCrTa Ha OTKOCa onpeAeJaMe reoAOMCKHH TOBap
no I,opMyaara
(5,21) pz =h . 0 [T/M2).
Torasa no 4,opMyna (5,120) x (5,121) onpeueAHMe Fp, pecn. Q+p.
Koe$HUHeHTbT Ha cHrypHOCT, KOt1TO ce H3gHCAHBa as BCBKa To9Ka nooTAeiHo, ce Ha-
71 = tga ,
KbAeTO a e brbabT Ha OTKOCa (Hanp. npH OTKOC 1 : 2 - a=26,50).
focTpoaBaaeTo Ha yCTOfl HBHH OTKOC 3anOgsa OT nerara Ha oTKOCa HAM OT JIOAHara
XOpH30HTBAHa rpaHHUa Ha'nocae uara HBMua. C TpaHCnoprhp Hanacane CborseTHHH brbj
Ha'cbnporHBaeHHe Ha CpHSBaHe 4'pl, KaTo npoAbAffiaBaMe nOABHHCHOTO panto Ao npecngaHe
C Hatt-6AH3KaTa Harope xopB3onTaaa. CAeA Toga HaHBCHMe caeABaluHH brba 4+p=, npoAbn-
)KaBaMe paMOTO My AO Hati?6AH3KaTa Harope XO H3oHTaJia H T. H.
H3gncneHHHTa 3a npHMepa ca cb6panH B ra6AHua 5-13.
T04K8Te
T~M]
M
P2 TIM]
t$ p
C TIM]
pz
FP
' p
tg a
r/
1
2,0
5
10,0
25
0,466
1,0
0,10
0,566
29,5
1,0 0,566
2
2,0
10
20,0
15
0,288
2,0
0,10
0,388
21,4
0,5 0;780
3
2,0
15
30,0
15
0,288
2.0
0,07
0,275
15,4
0,5 0,540
4
2,0
20
40,0
15
0,288
2,0
0,05
0,273
15,3
0,5 0,536
5
2.0
25
50,0
15
0,288
2,0
0,04
0,272
15,2
0,5 0,532
6
2,0
30
60,0
15
0,288
2,0
0,03
0,271
15,2
0,5 0,581
Caenosarenno no MacnoB oTKOCbT He'e ycrottgHB B uHro eAHa TogKa Ha Koarypa,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
S. OfPE,l EJIAHE UEHTbPA HA HAA-HE6JIArO11PH9THATA JIHHH$
HA CBJIH4AHE
McTOAHTe 3a onpeAenHHe Koe(pHUHeHTa Ha yCTON9HBOCT Ha OTKOCHTe, B OCHOBITa Sa
KOHTO ne)KH H360pbT Ha KpbroBO-UHAHHApH1Ha nAOCKOCT Ha CBAH9aHe, H3HCKBaT AOCTa.
BpeMe, TO KaTO ce Hanara MH01'OKparao Aa ce noarap! uHAOro HscneABaxe c pa31HUHo
H36paHH nHHHH Ha CBAH9aHe H pasJH9HH ueHTpoBe, 3amoTo e HesepOHTHO BeAHara Aa HO
naAHeM Ha Haft-He6aaronpHHTHHH Cny9af.
rlopaAH ToBa e N(enarenxo Karo nbpBO npH HMCeHHe Aa 6bAaT H3CAeABaHH AHHHH Ha
xlrbsrane, KOHTO ae1K3T 110 Bb3MO)KHOCT no-6AH30 AO Haft-He6aaronpH9THHf4 cIy9aft. Ha
(pHr. 5-19 AaBaMe rpa(p19ecKH Ha9HH 3a npH6JH3HTeJHOTO onpeAenHHe Ha uesTbpa Ha Ta-
4 Hr. 5-19. OnpeneAHHe uearbpa Ha Haft-He6naronpHHTHara
KpbrOBO-uHAHHApHgHa nJIOCKOCT Ha CBAH9aHe
KHBa .MHHH. UeHrbpbT Ha Haft-He6aaronpHJITHaTa OKpb)KHOCT AelCH Ha npasaTa (HAH 6AH30
AO Hes) OD, KOHTO Ce nOCTpOHBa no Ha9HHa, AaneH Ha jepTe)Ka. fpH ToBa brAHTe pl H ps
ce B3eMaT OT Ta6aHUa 5-14.
Ta6AHua 5-14
1,73: 1
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280
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pa 40?
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rlo-HaTaTbK H36HpaMe HRKO.KO TO9KH (3-4) no nHHHHTa OD 3a ueHTpOBe Ha AHHHH
Ha CBAH9aHeTO H npoBexCAaMe 3a TAR H3cneABaHe no OnHCaHHH see Ha9HH. Bbpxy nep-
neHAHKyARpa, H3AH1HaT OT ChOTBeTHHH ueHTbp Ha H3CneABaH$Ta OKP'bHCHOCT, HanacAMe,
KaKTO e noKa3aHo, CHAHTe, CbnpoTHBAHBaUGH ce Ha CBAH9aHeTO, a HMeHHO. 9HCAHTeAH Ha
H3pasa 3a n (5,108), m nony9asaMe Kpasa 1 u CHAHTe, npeAH3BHKBauxH CBAH9aHero, a
HMewHO 3HaieHBreas Ha H3pa3a 3a n (5,108), H noay9asaMe KpnBa 2. KbAeTO pa3CTORHHeTO
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Me y ABeTe KPHBH e HaA-Ma.Ko, ram ce,HaMHpa ueHTbpbT,O N Had-ae6naronpuafaa7a
JBHNH Ha cBiHVaue.3a yTo9HBBaae as 3aAavaTa Tpa6Ba Aa ce H3caeABar eAHa-Ase TOgKII
BCTpaHH OT npaBaTa QJ) 66H3o Ao ueHTbpa Ha Hall-He6aaronpHBTHaTa AHHHa as CBnN e.
4. H34HCJIABAHE YCTOf4HBOCTTA HA OTKOCHTE
fPH XI1APOAHHAMNgEH HATHCK
AKO OTKOCbT, KOIITO H3caeABaMe, e nOAAO)KeH Ha Ae11CTBHeTO Ha noA3eMen noTOx c
AenpeCHOHHa Kpisa, T. e. Ha XH,ApOAHHaMH9eH HaTHCK, H3CeeABaaHaTa Ha yCTOAgHaOCTTa Ce
npOsewAaT no 11340NLeHHTe no-rope HagHHH, KBTO BARNMU O Ha XHApoAHHa)IHrnHTe Cates
Howe Aa ce Bbaeae B HagHCAeuHero no ABa HAeHTHgHH aagHHa :
gpe3 Bbse*AaHe Ha BOAHHA noAeM;
r g 3 BbBe)KAaae Ha 4)HKTHBHHH w-A Ha TpHeHero.
flo nbpBHH HaU1H npH onpeAeAaaero Ha CbupOTHBHTenHHre YCHAHH (gHCAHTeAH as $Op-
MyJHTe 3a Koe4)HuHeHTa Ha cHrypnOCT) ce aaeua npeABHA AelcrBHeTO Ha BOAHHa noAei,
KaTO ce p86oTH c o6euHOTO Terao as nogBara noA aoaa a,,, AOK3TO HpH onpeaeJaleTo as
ABa)KeutiTe yCH4HH (3HaMeHBTeas Ha Cb1UHTe 4OpMyaH) BOAHHHT nOAeM He Ce a3eMa HpeA+
BHA, T. e. pa6olH ce c Ab?
17pH BTOpJA Ha'HH BJHBHHeTO Ha xHApo)HHaMH9HHH HBTHCK ce npeABx)KAa no KOCBeH
nbT, KaTO H9gHCAeHHHTa ce H3BbpwsaT c noMOIUT8 Ha TaKa HapegeuHa $HKTHBeH brba Ha
TpHeHe Pb BMeCTO C AetCTBHTeJHNB TBKbB P.
Tosa craaa no Ipopuyaara
(5,123) tg Pe= pB g P.
03 - MaxcHMBAHO 06eMHO Terno (BH)K pa3A. IV, ra. B, T 2) B r/cH3.
IIpH no.9yaaaeTO Ha McTOAa Ha MacaoB xHApOAHHaMH9HNaT HaTHcK ce B3eua npeA-
BHA Halt-Ao6pe gpe3 Bbaew(AaHe Ha 4)HKTHBHH$I7,rbn Ha TpHeHe. B Taxbs CAygap Tps6Ba
Caro Aa ce cbo6pa3HM c o6cToHTeAcTBoTo, ge ypaBHeHHe (5,120) ce BHaOH3MeHH Taxa:
I7oaewe rpeiKara, xOATO uie.ce HanpaaH, 06HxHOreao He HaaMxaasa 3-5%, ypaBHe-
HHe (5,123) MO)Ke Aa 6bAe 3aMeHeao c1,c CneAHOTO:
(5,124) a"
Pe=QB P.
B jpaBHeHHHTa an p o6eMHO Terno Ha no9BaTa (CKeneTa) noA BoAa (BH)iC pa3A. IV, rA. 6,
(5,125) Fpe=tg Pe+ PZ ' ,
BCHUKH H3UHCneHHH H n0?HaTa7bn1HH onepauHH ce H3BbpwBaT, KaKTO 6e noKaaaao
no-rope.
KaKTO 6ewe nOKa3anO B raaea E, OTKOCHTe Ha eCTecTBeHo o6pa3yBaHHTe HaH H3KyCT-
BCHO HaCHnaHHTe 3eMHH MacB npHTe)KaBaT yCTORYHBOCT AO H3BeCTHa rpaHN9Ha CTONHOCT Ha
brbna ma OTKOCa at. Ta3H rpaHHuHa CTOf1HOCT amps Howe Aa 6bAe onpeAeaeHa no npaBB-
aaTa Ha 3eruaTa Mexaaexa CbC 3aAOBOAHTe.Ha Aocroaepaocr Cbraacao AaAeHHTe 8 uHTH-
paHeTa raaaa yKa38HH9. Mom -brbAbT Ha OTKOCa a CTBHe no-ronHM or rpaHH'HBTa CTOA-
HOCT Amax HAH HaCrbnH Be6AaronpHATHO H3MeHeHHe Ha B%TpewHnTe HAH BbHLHnHTe CHAR,
uTKOCbT we 3anogHe Aa ce.pa3pywlaBa, KBTO H3BeCTHH HerosH gaCrH inc aan09HaT Aa ce
ABH)KaT AOTOraBa, AOKBTO OTHOBO HBCTbIH paBHOBeCHe. B MHOro CaygaH pasHoseCHeTO Ha
3eMHH9 MacHe Howe Aa 6bAe noaabp)KaHo c nOMOH[Ta Ha noanopao cbopbwtenHe, xoero
Tpa6aa jig 6bAe opa3Mepeuo HO.TBK'bB HagNH, Re Aa MoweAa noeMe c Heo6xojHMara CH-
rypHOCT HaTHCKa Ha CTpOHTeIHBT8 nogaa.
?OnpeAeuaeTO as 3eMHaa H8THCK e 88)1(03 H Heo6xoAHMa 4aCT OT Kpbra as saaausre
HO 4IyHAHpaHeTO na OuceBepBHTe cbopiaKeHNH. IIOpaAH TOBa Te3H 8bnpocn ca 6HAH Mnoro
ornaBHa'npeAMeT Ha Haygea H npaKTHgee1(H HHTepec. I3peAnonara Ce, ge 4penCKHHT 10e-
251
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
new NH)KeHep Bo6aH, KHBAn npe3 XVII CTOAeTHe; e pa3pa6oTHn HasecTna reoPHA 3a 3eM-
HH9 HATHCK, CbraaCHO KOATO e Opa3MepHBaa TeopeTH4eCKH BApno nOAllopHHTe cbopbHCew.A
(cTeaa), KOBTO e npoeKTnpaA H cTpo)A. B 1773 r; KyaOH nOCTaBA Ha4aAoTo Ha TeopeTHge-
cxaTa OCHOB8 3a onpeAeAAHe Ha 3eMHHA HaTHCK, Karo Cb3AaBa TaKa Hape4eHaTa ,KnacH-
4eCKa TCOpHH Ha 3eMHHA HSTHCK', 3ana3HAa H AO ACH Anelneft BaJIHAHOCrra CH. B HacToH-
InaTa raaBa Ha CnpaBOgHHKa we pa3rAeAaMe caMO Hesi. OTnpaBAMe BHHMaHHCTO Ha Team,
KONTO ce HHTepecyBaT noApo6HO OT AHeIUHOTO CbCTOAHHe Ha Bbnpoca, KbM o6HIHpBHTe
ny6aHKauHH, Ha 6pof noae4e OT 400, 4aCT OT KOHTO Ca UHTHpaHH B anrepaTypaTa K'bM Ha-
CTO9waTa rnaBa.
3naeM, 4e onpeAeAAHeTO Ha 3eMHHA HSTHCK B O6nwHA cayga3 e CTBTHgecKH Heonpe-
AeuNMa saAaga, 4HeTO TOgi0 penleHme e Bb3MON(HO canto Kalb Ce 83euaT npeABNA B3amM-
HHre Ae(,OpMauHH Ha nOAnopHOTO cbopbxceHHe H CTPOHTeJIHaTa no4Ba, ynpa)KHABauia Ha-
THCKa. He 6HBa Aa ce 3a6paBA, qe B T03H CMHCbA CTpOr6TO peuleHHe Ha Ta3H 3*Aaga
npencraBnsBa eAHH OT Hall-TpyAHHTe H. owe Hepa3pelnerH npo6AeMH Ha 3eMHara MexamwKa.
KAaCH4eCKaTa TeOpHA Ha 3eMHHA HaTHCK pa3rnex(Aa Bbnpoca 3a 3eMHHA HSTHCK KaTO
CTaTHgeCKN onpeAemaMa CHCTeMa (T. e. 6e3 Aa ce cnHpa Ha Ae(OpMauHHTe),npHeMBRKH HaA-
gecTo (popMara H IIOAOM(eHHCTO Ha nnb3rarennHTe nOBbpxHHHH 3a H3BeCTHH. Togno pelue-
iueHme Na saAauara AaAoxa B. B. COKOA0BCKH (amaAHTHgHO) H C. C. rOnyiuKeBHg (rpa4)o-
aHaAHTH4HO) Bb3 OCHOBa Ha pa3pa60TeHHTe OT TAX 061MH MCTOAH 3a pa3peulaBaHe 3aAagnTe
ma Te0PHATa Ha rpaHH4uo o paBHOBBCHe Ha CBbp3aHHTe H HeCBbp3aHHTe CTPOHTeAHM nOgBH -
,TeopHA Ha nAacTHgHOCTTa' (BHNC rA. 6, T. 1, 8). jlopaAM roneMHTe Tp3AHOCTH OT MareMaTH-
gen,xapaKrep, KOHTO Ce ABABaT npH TOuHOTO' TpeTHpaHe Ha BbnpodHTe OKOAO H34HCAABB-
HeTO Ha 3eMHH9 HATHCK, Ha/I1paKTHKa Ce Bb3npHeMa oupeAeAAIIeTO'My Aa CTBBa C nOMOHuTa
Ha OIIPOCTeHH c)opMynH H no rpa4)HgecKH Ha'WHH.
1. rPAHHgHH CTOtHOCTH HA 3EMHHA HATHCK
AKO ce HanbAHH eAHH CaHAbK CbC CTpOHTeJIHa JOxIBa (Hanp. nnCbK), TA we OKaa(e
H3BeCTeH CTpaHHgeH HATHCK BbPXy CTeHHTe my. T03H CTpaHH4eH HaTHCK Ha n04BaTa HapH-
NaMe B 061UHA CAy4a11 3eMeH naTHCK. roaeMHxara My 3aBHCH OT BHAa Ha nO4BaTa, HammHa
Ha 3anbABaHeTO Ha caHA'bKa, n0AaTAHBOCTTa Ha CTeHHTe My H T. H. AKO CTeHHTe ma C8H-
11bKa ca Hen0AaTAHBH H HeOI-bBaeMH, 3eMHHAT HATHCK B T03H cay4all ce HapH4a ,3eMeH
HATHCK B CAygaA Ha nOKOA' H rOneMHHaTa My He MoH(e Aa 6%Ae H3gHCAema, a canto eKcne-
pHMeHTaAHO onpeAenema.
1[a J4onycneM, 4e eAHaTa OT CTeHHTe Ha caHAbKa M0)Ke Aa 6bAe npHABH0BaHa KaKTO B
nocoKa KbM HacHnaHaTa CTPOHTeJHa no4Ba, TaKa H B o6paTHa nocoKa. AKO npHABHM(HM noA-
BH)KHaTa CTeHa Ha, caHAbKa TaKa, 4e HacHnaHaTa no4Ba Aa MOMCe Aa pa3IIIHPH o6eMa CH,
T. e. oTAaAeuaBaMe CTeHaTa OT n04BaTa, nPH AOCTaTb4Ho rOABMO npHABHNCBaHe (-0,0005
OT BHCOgHHaTa Ha CTeHaTa) H3BeCTHa 4aCT OT HacH(Ia we nocaeAea CTeHaTa. TOBa ABHMCeHHe
Ha n04BBTa we ce H3BbpfIH no nAb3raTeAHa noBbpxHHHa, 06pa3yBaHa B n04BCHHA MaCHB.
l.l.[OM TO Hac bnH, ,3eMHHAT HaTHCK B cayuaf Ha nOKOA' 3anouBa Aa HaMaAABa, 3a Aa Ao-
CTHrHe MHHHMaJIHOTO CH 3HageHHe, HapeueHO aKTHBeH 3eMeH HATHCK' (HAH CaMO ,3eMeH
HaTHCK'), 4H9T0 CTOAHOCT ce 3ana3Ba HenpoMeHeHa npH nO-HaTaTbIUHOTO OTAaaegaBaHe Ha
CTeHaTa OT n04BaTa.
AKO OT H3XOAHOTO nOAOHCeHHe 3an04HeM Aa IIPHABHMCBaMe CTeHaTa Ha CaHJ[bKa KbM Ha-
CHnaHaTa B Hero CTPOHTeJIHa nOgBa, T. e. 3aIIO'HeM Aa ynA'bTHABaMe no4BaTa, JIPH AOCTa-
Tb4H0 roaaMO npBABNHIBaHe (OKOJIo 0,03 i/ jJ3 - KbAeTO h e BHCO'HHaTa Ha CTeHaTa) BaBe-
CTHa 4aCT OT HBCHna we 3an04He Aa ce xAb3ra no nAb3raTeAHa noBbpxHHHa, 06paayBBHa'B
no4BeHHn MaCHB. B T03H Cay4aA nbPBOHa4aJIHHBT 3eMeH HSTHCK B CaHAbKa, Hape4eH ,3eMeH
HSTHCK B CAygafl Ha nOKOA', 3anogBa Aa pacTe, 3a Aa AOCTHrne MaKCHMBAHaTa CH.CTOAHOCT,
Hape4eHa naCHBen 3eMeH naTHCK' (HAH ,3eMHO CbnpoTHBneHHe'), 4HBTO CTOAHOCT OCTBBA
HenpoMemeHa npH no-HararLLuHoro npHABHMCBaHe Ha cTeHara KbM nOgBaTa.
Or Ka3aHOTO AOTyK e ACHO, ue CTOAHOCTTa Ha ,3eMHH9 HaTHCK B CJIy4afl Ha noKOA' ce
H8MHP8 MeacAy ABeTe rpaHHgHH BeJHgHHH - aKTHBHHR' H naCHBHHH^ 3eMeH oaTHCK,KONTO
3a AaAeH BHA no4Ba, AOCTaTb4Ho npHABH)Ks8He Ha CTeHaTa H onpeAeieHH rpaHHgHH yCAOSHB
HMBT onpeAeaeHa CTOAHOCT. OCBen TOBa e ncHo, 4e 3a HacTbnaaHeTo Na MBKCHMaJIHHTa rpa-
HN4Ha CTOAHOCT Na 3eMHHA HSTHCK (naCHBHHA 3eMeH,HBTHCK) e, Heo6xoAHMo noAnopHoTO
cbopbaceHHe Aa H3BbpwH 3Ha4HTeAHO nO-roAHMO.ABHMCeHHe, OTKOAKOTO e Heo6xoAHMo 3a
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
TcraHoaaBaaeTo Ha MHfHMaUHara cTOAHOCT - aBTHBHHA,semen HBTHCK. nocaeAnoro o6croa?
yeACTBO e HHBbnpeAHO eaHCHO a cay9aRTe, KoraTo HHaceaepaoTo C'bOpbacenae, Koran M3W
Caaeawe, TpR60a Aa Mo6HAH3Hpa ganoCTHOTO 3eMHo CbnpoTHBaeuxe as o6eane'alaEe ma Ao-
CTaTb4Ha CHrypEOCT, HO gecTO nbTH.He my ce oTAaBa HyIaoTO sHHMBBHe.
KoraTo abpxy CTeHHTe Ha CBHAbKa (Han Bbpxy HOAnopooro cbopbacewae) aeMsysa
.3eMHHnT HaTHCK B caygal Ha noKOW,E,,, BbTpeWHHTe Hanpe)KeHHH B nogeaTa(Cpasaanune
Hanpe)KeHHB) ca 6e3 onpeAeneHa opxeHTHpoBKa H ca pa3AH4HO roaeMH. nopaAH roBa,KaKro
6e H3TbKHITO no-rope, E. me Mo)xe Aa 6bAe onpeAeneuo. C Hacnnaasem Ha ABeTe rpa-
HagHH CbCTOBHHB o6age noAoncenxeTO KOpeRHO ce nanena. npH ycTanoBHBaneTo Ha semis
HBTHCK (aKTHBeH 3eMeH HaTHCK) E. CPH3BaIUHTe Hanpe)KeHHA B nabaraTennara noel pXHHHa
A06HBaT MaKCHMaAHO'3HageHHe m nocolaTa mu e m3secTHa (MaKcluaaaoTo oTKAOHeHHe or
nepneHAHKyaepa e paBHo Ha brbaa Ha BbTpeWHOTO TpHeHe Ha'nogaaTa). AaaAorBgeH e
CAygaRT H CbC aeMHOTO C'bnpoTHBA_eHHe E. (naCHBeH semen HaTHCK). fopaAH Toga seMHIHT
HaTHCK Ea H 3eMHOTO cbnpoTHBaeane L. moral Aa 6baaT H3gHcaeHH CbrJlaCHO npeAnono-
a(exHHTa Ha xaacngeCKaTa TeOpHf, T. e. on KBTO ca HaBecTHH : nOCOKaTa as seMHHA HBTHCK
(BAH cbnpoTHBBeHHeTo) Bbpxy cTeHaTa, 06eMHOTO TerJO H HK0cTHHTe ceoICTBa Ha nognaTa
(brba Ha BbTpewHO Tpnene, Koxe3HH) H (PopMaTa Ha nabaraitoro Ce TBAO (rpaHHgnnte
yCAOBHH H cpopuaTa Ha nubaraTeiHBTa nosbpxanna). 3a opaswepnaaaero Ha HHMceaepaiTe
csopbaceHHH ca MepoAaBHH rpaRHgHHTe CTOAHocTH Ea H Ep, AOKaTO Ea He e HHTepecHo se.
cbopbxcemIeTo. BaMCHOTO e, qe 3eMHHHT HaTHCK B CJIygan H8 nOKOA' Eo He Monte Aa HaA-
3a Aa ce'HalOCTpnpa no-HCHO Ka3aHOTO, me pasrnenaMe caeunoro non0)KeHHe. A a npeA-
nonoHcaw, ge BbTpeIIIHHTe HanpexceHHH s c%cTOHHHe Ha paBHOBeCHe Ha AaAeH nogmH macHB
ca no-roneuH H no-He6naronpHHTHO HacoueHH, OTKOAKOTO npH ycTasoanBBHeTo Ha AonsaT&
rpaHHgna CTOAHOCT Ea, aoKaTo MacHBbT e s pa6HOBecHe n noAnopHOTO cMOpbxceHae noA-
AbpIca CTa6HAHTeTa CH, Te3H s1 TpeIHHH HanpeHcennn He ca MepOAaBHH as paBHOBecHeTo Ha
cbopb)KeHHeTO. IUOM no H3BeCTHH npHYHHH HaCTbnK ABKHceHHe Ha CbOpbXCeHHeTO H CAeA
TOM ro nOCAeABa npHABHMCBaHe as 3eMHH9 MaCHB, TO aKO TOM ABHHCeHHe npeAH3BHKa yCTa-
HOBABaHeTO Ha MHHHMaJHaTa sejingHHa Ea (aKTHBeH semen HaNCK), HCHO e, qe Cbopbxce1
HHeTO TpH6sa Aa e opa3Mepeno TmKMO .3a Ta3H MnHHmaJHa BeJH4HHa, an Aa He HacTbnH
pa3py)neHHe Ha nO9BeHHH MacHB. AKO no Hagalio cMe opa3MepHAH cbopbRCeHneTO 3a Ea,
BbB BCeKH caygaf npH yCTaHOBHBaHe Ha aKTHBHHH 3eMeH HBTHCK TO me H3nbaHH npeAHa-
3HageHHlTo CH.
ABanorHYHH pa3c1HCAeuHH Moral Aa 6bAaT HanpaneHH H ca aaAHAHH 3a nacHBHHH semen
HBTHCK.
nAbaraTeAHHre nOBbpxHHHH, no KOHTO ce npHABHHCBa nO9BeHHHT MaCHB npH npeKpag-
BaHeTO Ha rpaHH9HOTO panHOBecHe, ca Hag-geCTO KPHBH nOBbpxHHHH. 3a OnpOCTHBaHe Ha
alaJIHSa, KaKTO H na Tpa4pm%HHTe McTOax npH onpeAeisHeTO Ha 3eMHHH HaTKCK Ea H 3eM-
HoTO cbnpoTHBAeHHe EE0 ocaoBonononcHHUHTe Ha KnacHgecKara TeopnH KynOH H PeHKHH
npaeMaT, qe nnb3rarenHHTe nOBbpxHHHH Ca PaBHHHH (naocKocTH). BnOCAeACTBHe 6Hxa cb3-
AaAexH peaxna AOnbaHKTeaHH weroAH sa onpeAenaae Ha 3eMHHH HaTHCK, npH KOHTO Ce
Bb3npaeMaT Hap-pa31HVHH'(4OpMH Ha nnbarareJHara noBbpxHHHa, Karo HanpHnep Ha9ynew
nOAHrOH OT niOCKOCTH, KpHBn nOBbpxHHHH (nHAHHApHMSH, unwoHAamns, aorapnTMH'HO-CnH-
pauHH H AP.), C-bCraBHH noBbpxHHHH OT KpaBH HOBbpXHHHH H P8BHHBH (npaBH noebpxHHHn)
H T. H. C ToBa 6Hxa BHeceHH B HHKOH Caygax 3HaUHTeAHH n0Ao6pennw s obn(ecTBynsaw e
McTOAH, KaTO noaygeHKTe pe3yiTaTH ce Ao6AHIKKia AO excnepnMeHTBaHHTe Aanmc, HO 32-
cAHO C TOSS 6e BHeCeHO neH36ex(HOTO yCAO)KHeHHe B HsgxcaxTeAHaTa u rpa4)HKO-KOHCTpyK-
THBnaT8 gaCT OT pemeHHero Ha npo6aeMaTa. nopaAH ToBa s no-saTaTbmHOTo H3aonCenae
me ce cnpem cacao Ha McTOAHTe, KOHTO npH onpeAeaHHeTO Ha Ea H EO H3nOA3yBaT nAb3-
rareiHH nOBbpxHHHH (npaBH paBHHHH). Tps6sa Ali 6bAe HaTbxnaro, qe 3a onpeAeanHeTo na
seuHHA HaTHCK Ea H3nOa3yBaHeTO Ha Te3H McTOAH e Hanbano OnpaBAaaO, Tbf xaTO noayge-
lHTe pe3yiTaTH npaKTH9eCKH He ce pa3AHgaBaT OT OHM, noaygeHH no apyrHTe HagHHH, H
Ao6pe ce nOKPHBaT C eKcnepHmearaaHHTe AaHHH. npn onpeAeAHHeTO Ha 3eMHOTO cbnpo-
rxsneHHe Ep o6age Tps6Ba Aa 6bae HanpaaeHO x3Becrno orpanageHHe. B CAygaHTe, KoraTO
brbabT Ha TpxeHe MewCAy noqBa m cTena a e nO-MaabK OT 1/3 OT brbaa Ha BbTpeIUHOTO
Tpnene Ha crponTennaTa 1OYB5 p, 3eMnorO cbnpOTHBaeHHe moxce As 6bae onpeAeaeHO no
McTOAHTe, H3nOA3yBan;H npaBH nOBbpxnHHH Ha nabarane - rpeuixaTa, KOHTO B Caygai Aa-
nycKawe, e MaaMa. B CaygaHTe o6age, KoraTo a > _-, rpewKaTa 6bpao Hapacrsa C HapacT-
Banero Ha a, nopaAH Tosa onpeaeasHero Ha 3euHOTO CbnpOTHBneane me 6HBa as ce Has-
bp-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4rBa no MeroAHTe, B OCHOBaTa H3 KOHTO Jie)KH H3nO1I3yBaIeTO Ha' npaw afb3raTeJIHK n0-
BbpxHHHH, a TPA6Ba Aa 6bAe npHJloHceH JAKOA OT McTOAHTe, H3nOA3yBaRi KplBH nJlb3ra-
TeAHH ROBbpXHHHH.
CaeA Te3N HAKOAxo npeABapareJlfH 3a6eAeNCKH MOHce Aa npHCTbnHM KbM onpereasHero
2. FPA4H4HH METOAH 3A OOPEAEJ1SWE HA 3EMHH%I? HATHCK
(AKTHBHHA 3EMEH HATHCK) EQ
a) KyjiMaHOBa allHHA Ha 3eMHa8 HaTHCK
KyJMaHOBHAr H3BOA, 6a3Hpaur ce Ha paBHoBecHeTO MexcAy Tpnre CHAR : Teruo Ha xAba
ran1HA to 3eMeH KAHN no npOH3BOJIH8 nA7iaraTeAHa nOBbpxHHHa, CbnpoTHBaeaxe BCAeACTBHe
Tpaene no Beg H 3eMeH HaTHCK, notca3Ba, 4e CHAOBHTe TpHbrbAHHUH, noayveaH 3a pa3-
nagHH nnb3rareAHH noB'6pxHHHH, ca nOAO6HH.
KyJIMan yMeao H3noA3ysa TOBa n0AOHCeHHe, Bb3 ocHOBa Ha KOero Harpa)CAa CJIeAHHA
rpac$HVeH McTOA 3a onpeAeaaHe as 3eMHHA HaTHCK E, (4)Hr. 5-20).
l1pe3 AoAHHA 3aAeH pb6 A Ha noAnopHara creaa ce npeKBpsa OTKOCHaTa npaBa? AD,
3iaxnoHeHa HOA brbn p CnpAMO XOPH30HTaAHaTa JIHHHA B nOCOKa, o6paTHa Ha 9aCOHara
cTpenxa, a npe3 rOPHHH 3aAeH pb6 B ce npeKapsa HanpaBAABanrara npasa? BL (Mo)ce Aa
6bAe npeKapaHa H npe3 A), HaKnoaeaa cnpHMO rbp6a Ha CreHara AB nOA brbi p+a CbuLO
B nocoxa, ,o6parHa Ha vacoBara cTpenKa. fpe3 A npexapBaMe npaBHTe AB , ABa H T. H.,
KOHTO pa3AenaT 3eMHOTO KAHHoo6pa3HO Tano ABD Ha OTAeJIHH npH3MH ABB1r ABB,2, ABB3
H T. L11 OnpeAeJAMe TernaTa Ha Te3N KAHH006pa3HH nPH3MH no 4)OpMyJaTa
(5,126) G?=F. .o [TIM],
K bmeTO G, e TernOTO Ha n-TaTa 3eMHa npH3Ma B T;
F? - AHUe Ha TpNbrbJIHHKa ABBB B M2;
s - o6eMHO Teruo Ha CTPOHTeIHaTa noqBa B ecrecrBeao CbCTOAHHe B TIM3.
1 A a ce HMa nperBHA, ve H3cJeJBaHeTO ce H38bpnlBa BHHarM 3a eaKH OTKBC OT nOA-
nOPHaTa CTeHa K cTpoHreJlHaTa logBa c UIHpO4HHa 1,0 M, H3pB3aH no AbANCHHaTa Ha cre-
Hara, T. e. B nocoxa, nepneHAHxyAApHa Ha vepre)KHara nAOCKOCT. TbN KaTO nice pa6orxM C
BeprBICaJlHaTa npoeKUHA Ha T03H OTKbC Bbpxy 4epre)KHaTa paBHHHa, TO BCHgKK nnb3raTeJIHN
nAOCKOCTH Ha 4epTeNCa Ca nHHHH, a BCNYKH 3eMHH npH3MaTHLIHH Tena ca H3o6pa3eHH C
TeXHNTe OCHOBH, KOHTO Ca TPHbrbAHHgH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
T ernaTa HaMacaMe s H3gecTea Mauxa6 no.yoTKocnaTa R*a,? OT rogKaia A, wraKro
uo aaauo as gepTe)ca, H noay'Iaa/a~Me cbomeTHO ToRaw Ch. O. Q3 H T. a. fIpE3
HHTe npeKapsaMe oTCe4KHre ~I, 0'J, 03 a T. A. ycn Ho Ha Manpapa9BaULITa npa*Sl
AO npecagaueTO KM c.C cbomeTHHTe npaaa AB,, , ABa H T. B. Closy9eRni a no T03H
Ha4HH T04KH 1, 2, 3 H T. H. C'beAKHHBaMe, C naaana Kpiaea it noaygaBaMe Taica HapeiesaTa
KyJMaBOBa JIHHH9 Ha 3eMHH9 HaTHcK. f1cuo e, lie KOJ UOTO nosege 3eMHB KAHHOBe g3eMajr
yviacrxe B onpeAeaBHero Ha KyaMafloaaTa JIHHHN, To/KOBa no-TogHo axe MoxceM Aa g Ha-
vepraeM. Ha npaKTHKa 4-5 TogKH ca AocraTb4HH. HaKpasl npeiapaaMe raHreHTa KbM Kya?
MafOBara KpHBa ycnopeAao Ha OTKOcHaTa npaaa? AD. I1pe3.TOVKaTa Ha TaarHpaHero C'
npeMHHaBa Hap-Be6aaron)HBTBaTa nab3rareaaa naoczocr AC, Ba KO$TO CborBercrsyaa HaII-
roaaMOro 3HaqeHHe Ha 3eMHH8 HaTHCK E, To ce oT+(HTa B MaIIIa6a, B Kof ro ca HafeceHH
reraara G, no aroegKaTa O' C', ycnopejua Ha HanpaHaRBauxaTa npaaa? BL. .
AKO 3eMHaTa nOBbpxaocT BD e paBHHHa (Ha gepre*a npaaa aHHNH), onpeAea9Hero ce
yaecHSaa, Tit xaro B T03H CJIygall BMeCTO TeraaTa Gi, Ga. N T. H. HaHacaMe orcegK&Te BBI,
BB2 H T. H. no oTKocHaTa npaaa?. IIpH OTgHTaueTO' Ha 3eMHHH HarHCK e Heo6IoANMo as
6r.Ae caMO H39CHen BbnpOCbT c Bb3npaerna Mama6.
CaeAOBaTeano 3a onpeaejnHeTO Ha 3eMHHK HaTNcK e Heo6x0AHMO Aa Ca H3BecrHH KOH-
TypHHTe ycaOBNA (T. e. HaKJIOHbT Ha noAnopnara CTeHB H HaKJIOHbT Ha 3eMHaTa noBbpx-
HNHa 3aA CTeHara), brbabr Ha BbTpeuiHOro rpaeHe Ha crpOHTeanaTa nogBa p, o6eMHoro rA
Terao B eCTeCTBeHo CbCTO$HHe A H brbabT Ha TpHene McH(Ay noAnopHaTa creaa (3HAapNA,
6eToa H np.) H CTpoHreaHara nogBa a. KoHTypHHre yCJOBHH ce B3eMar Or HAeAHH9 npoeKr.
brbabT Ha BbTpeiuHoro TpHeHe p ce onpeaeA9 no na6oparapeH nbT (pa3A. IV, ra. B, T. 2)
HJ1H ce H36Hpa B C1OTBercTBHe c BHAa Ha CrpoHTeaBaTa n04Ba OT Ta6a. 4-27. 06euHoTo
Terao ce onpeAeas Ha MHCTO NJIH B Aa60paTOpHATa no 3eMua MexaHHKa (pa3A. IV, ra. 5,
T. 2,6) HAH ce H36Hpa OT Ta6a. 4-7. 'brbanT Ha Tpxene MexcAy noAnopaara creaa H CrpoH-
TeaaaTa no'aa a Ce npaeMa Han?'iecro paaeH Ha Byaa. B no-BaxcHHre ciygan Mo/Ke Aa ce
HaJO)KH aa6oparopHoro my onpeAea9He HJrH yCTaHOBsBaHeTo My Ha repeHa.
IL o ce Kacae Ao onpeAea9Hero Ha npnaoH(uara T04Ka Ha 3eMHHH HaTHCK Bbpxy nOA-
nopHaTa CTeHa, BH)K nO-AOay (nOAT09Ka B).
6) KoHCTpyugHn Ha tioxcae
B caygan 9e 3eMHaTa nOBbpxHHHa MA, noAnopaara creHa BD e paBHHHa, IIOHCae
Hasa caeAHara rpa(pHgaa KOHCTpyIcnH9 3a onpelxeaHHero Ha Hag-He6aaronpH9raara nab3ra-
TeaHa UJIOCKOCT H Ha C'bOTBeTCTByBauxH9. )1 3eMea HaTHCK (BH)c 4)1W. 5-21).
HanpaBn96auxara n
aaa? bL
.
p
H OT-
KOCHaTa npaaa? AD ce Hanaclr KaKro
npH KyJIMaHOBH9 MerOA (noArogIa a).
Bbpxy AHaMeTbpa AD ce nOCTpo9Ba no.
Ayokpbx(HOCTra AID. Or TogicaTa L ce
H3AHra nepneHAHKyJHpbr U. fpasHM
AI-AO. llpe3 0 npexapsaMe npasara
OC, ycnopeAHa Ha HanpaBJnleauxaTa? BL.
AC'npeAcraBaaBa Ha9-He6aaronpH9T7
HaTe nab3raTejHa n.OCKOCT. OT TOgKaTa.
C cnyCKaMe nepneHAHKya9p CN KiM
.OTKOCHaTa npaBa" AD H noaygaBaMe
T09Ka N. 3eMHHJIT HaTHCK ce H3gHCJI$Ba
no 4)opMynaTa
(5,127) Ea b 2h 0 (T/M),
KbAeTo b e OCHOBa Ha ?TpH'brMHHKa Ha
3eMHHH HaMHCK" B. M;
h - BHCOgHHa Ha C%HuHa B M ; (PHr. 5-21. KoucrpyKww Ha Roucae_'3a onpe-
A - 06eMHO Terao Ha CTpOHTeA- Ae/x9He Ha 3eMBH9 HarHCK
Ha CbuuaTa (nwrypa a nola3aHa C nyHKTHP CxoAHa
KoraTO He pa3noaaraMe C AOCTaTbgHO MKCTO.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
PaaaHKaTa B ABere KOHCTpyKHHH e canto Tas,ve nocTpo BaMe nonyoKpb)KHocTTa LTD
wbpxy AHaMerbpa LD, a He Bbpxy AD H npeKapaaMe TaureBTaTa AT KbM Hes. npamHM
AT.AO. OCTHHaAOro e cbHloro, KaKTO 6e Hsno)ceao no-rope.
OCBeH pasrJeaasnTe McTOAH Ha KyAMaH H noHcAe HaBecTRH ca Onle MHorO ApyrB rpa-
H MH Ha9BHH (Ha EHrecep, BHHKaep, MyHA H Ap.) 3a onpeAeJBHeTO Ha 3eMRHA HaTHcK Ea.
fOAp06HOCTH 3a Tax MoraT Aa 6bAaT HauepeHH B uHTHpaHaTa AHTepaTypa.
e) IIOCOKa H AHarpaMa (nPHAOM(Ha TO'1Ka)
Ha 3eMHH9 HaTHCK
B H3HeceHoTo no-rope CTaBanle AyMa canto 3a roaeMHHaTa na 3eMHHH HaTHCK, a 3a
HeroBaTa BOCOKa, pa3npeaeneHaeTO My Bbpxy noanopnara cTeaa, a oTTaM H sa npxnoac-
uara my ToyKa Aocera He 6e cnoMeH2To HHUlo. eMHHara Ha F- 6e
Ha roA
4Hr. 5-22. 1lHarpaMa Ba
3eMHH9 HaTHCK npH 3aBbpT-
BBHe Ha noAnopeaTa CTeHa
OKOAO OC, HaMHpanla ce nOA
` cbopbHCeHHeTO
a
KaKTO 3a onpeAenaEeTO
Heo6xoAHMo Aa ce HanpaBir HalcoM npeAnOJIO)eHHn
3a HaBeCTHO npHmBHnlcBaHe Ha noanopHOtO cbopb)Ke-
HHe, TaKa H npH pa3Cb)KAeHHATa 3a nocoKaTa H AHa-
rpaMaTa Ha 3eMHHA HaTHCK e Heo6xoAHMO AR ce AO-
nycHe TBKoBa noAAaBaHe Ha CTesaTa.
OTMecTBafeTo Ha noAnopHaTa cTeHa MOMCe Aa ce H3-
BbpnnH no HAKOAKO HagaHa: TO MoMCe Aa 6iAe 3a-
BbpTaHe oxono eaaa oc, HaunpauLa ce noA noanopRO-
To cbopbaceHHe HAH HaA Hero, HAH Aa 6bAe napaAen-
no npeueCTBaHe. Ha resit TpH ocHoBHH BHAa oTMeCT-
Base cboTAeTcTByBar onpeAeneHR AHarpauH Ha p33npe-
AeAAHe Ha seMBHH HaTBCK (4)Hr. 5-22, 5-23, 5-24).
Ha npaKTHKa Haft-Yecro ce Cpe>Ra nbpBHSIT cayRafi,
noKa3aH Ha 4)Hr. 5-22, npH KofTo noanopuara creHa
e nocTpoeHa Bbpxy cpaBHHTeaHo 3ApaBa OCHOBa H TA
ce 3aBbprBa OKOJO oC, HauHpanla ce noA Hen. Ero
3anlo Hite pa6OTHM n09TH BHHarH c TpHbrbAHa ANa-
rpaMa 3a pasnpeAe.AHe Ha 3eMHH9 RaTHCK no rbp6a
Ha nounOpHOTO C'b0pb MCeHHe. OCHOBaTa Ha TOBH TpH-
brbnHHK ea (4)Hr. 5-22) ce H39HCJCABa no caeABHu
HagHR :
21a 11
ea= H f (T'M2I,
KbaeTO
Ea e 3eMHHssT HaTHCK, onpeAeAeH no Kyrnai HAH nOHcae B TIM ;
N - BucogHHa Ha noAnOpHara CTeHa B M.
Axo,Ea e onpeAeaeH no noHcAe, ToraBa nony9aBaMe
KaicTO noKa3sa (5,129), ea npeACTaaasBa
BmcogHHa OT creuara.
npHAOncHaTa T09Ka Ha 3eMHHA HaTHCK Ea ce BHMCAa OT 4)Hr. 5-22, 5,-23, 5-24.
ACHo e, 9e npH npHABHMCBaHe CbrAaCHO caygaHTe, nOKa3aHH Ha [pHr. 5-28 H 5-24, ycno-
BHATa 3a paBHOBeCHe Ha nOAnopHOTO CbOpb)KeHHe MoraT Aa ce H3MeaAT p93KO B He6naro-
npHHTHa nOCOKa B cpaBHeHHe c o6usonpHeTHA GIy9af Ha H3GleABaHe (4)HC.5--22). ETO 3anlo
e Heo6x0AHMo Aa ce M3SCHfIT noApo6Ho yCAOBHATa 3a BHAa Ha npHABH)KBaHeTO Ha cbOpb-
)KeHHATa. ToBa crasa Bb3 ocHOBa Ha H3yvaBaHe Ha 4 H3HKO-MexaHH4HHTe CaopCTBa Ha no9-
BRTe noA H 3aA noanopHHTe cbopb)KeHHA H KHHeMaTHgHHTe B'b3MOMCHOCTH Ha.CHCTeMaTa
Chop-baceHHe_nocBa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3a HpHMept ale nocogru Cam, me CaygaAT, noxa3aa Ha (bur. 5-23, aacr3naa aaA-
gecro npu yKpenaaaaero as (pyaaauenTai H A yra aMH, T. e. MepoAaaen e sa opasMepaaa-
Hero Ha.xopIaoagtauwje nopuq :(pa3noHKoTe) Ha Kpeuesca.
$Hr. 5-23. Anarpawa na sew-
Ban HaTHCK npH 3abbpTaaHe, a
nognopaara CTeaa oxoao oc,
aawapaiua` oe HaJi
cbopb)xeaHeTO
4'ir.-5-24. L aarpaMa Ha seM-
aHa HaTacx npa ycnopeAHO
npewecraaae as no,[nopHam
cTeaa .
Qocoxara Ha seunirn aarHCx abpxy noanopaoTo cbopIacesae sasica OT peaaTuBHoTo
naabceHHe uesiAy n"Ba a cbopbxcenae m oT xoe$HUHeara Ha Tpaeae MeacAy Tax. Axo
npexedperaeM Tpneae?O, T. e. aico npHeMew 8=0, 3eMHHar HaTHCK we AeacTnysa B npH-
JoHiBara rogKa e'noeoKa, ne
i
pnea
tHxynapaa.(ci, naAa
c aopwaJfeTa) Ha ROBbpXHIHara, pa3Aeaswa ,CbOpl.sce.
H11eTO H nogBara' (rbp6a' Ha CTeaaTa). B Caygafl me.
noNHara ce CwbKBa HaAO' y no Ta3H nos'bpxHHHa, sea-
HHAr HaTHCK B. e HaxaoneH noA . brba +a KIM HOp-
MaJiara; ' B 'caygaf, 'le TOBa cTaaa Harope no creHaTa,
E. e HaxJOHeH nOA' 'brba -e KIM HopmansTa ("r.
5-25). O6Hxnoseuo Ha npaKTHKa ce cpeuia caygaMT,
KoraTO seuanaT HaTHCK e aaKjioaea noA sr%n +a KIM
HopwanaTa. Tps6ea Aa ce awa npeABaA, me HaA-ae6aa-
ronpHATHO a nononcerHeTO, Koraro brbabT a e orpa-
nareneH. B TOM CaygaA CTORHOCTTa Ha E. e Han-ro-
JAMa, irbK H npa.H3caeABaHe ycrotgaaocrra Ha noA-
nopHOro cbopbxceme nocoKaTa Ha Ea e HaA-ae6aaro-
npHaTBa. CIpH H ROH Ha 3eMHHA HaTHCK +a CnpAMO
aopMaaaTa caygaar e Hag-6aaronpaBTeH. Koraro ce
npeae6persa rpHeueTO, T. e. 8-0, cue no-6JH3o Ao
BTOpHA OT Jura UHTHpaaH CAygaa. IIopaAa Toss wao-
rO gecro npa,rpaqKgeCKOTO H.H aaaauTHgaoro onpe-
Aennne Na seMHHH HaTHcK ce npaeMa 8=0, owe nose-
9e me ycraaoeasawero Ha 3BaKa H CTOAHOCTTa Ha
brbaal Ha' Tpeeaero wescgy HogBa ii cl~opIweaae l e
cAoacHa, AbaroTpafua i bKbna pa6ora. npH no-Raman
4Hr. 5-25. focoxa sa 3euHHa
aarHCK sbPKI iroanopasra creaa'
H roaeuu C'bopbHieHHJ ce npenoplwisa toBa q>p aeJ e
woxce Aa AoaeAe Ao 3HagirfeauM HKOHOMMH.
AR Ce HsBbpwa,
3a no-Maaosaacaa cayman OT upaKTaicara, aoraTO noanopHOro cbopbxceHae ce asrpaa
Bbpxy CpaBHHreaao 3ApaBa ocaoea, opaswepRBauero., my voice Aa 6bae H3BbpuleHO, am
Hs6epeii a or Ta6jHua 5-15.
17 HapbIMsi 00 mal ugun r~o~aaraa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Bo}loHacHTTeHH CwTbpaanH no9BH
OS+a< 3
BonosaclTeax HecBbp3aana no9BH
2 147)
y
(5,146)
tg (w+P)
H
b=(a . hq+ 2 +k . hq )
far.
5-33
= Q
(5,137) h
q
(
5,148)
-tgp+ se& - 2tV
(5'
)
4
H
17Da6neaarenno
5
sin p
tgw
9
1
sin co
oos
2tg 0
cos 0+0) tg (w+ P)
sin 2p
5-34
5,150 n H
( ) P P: 90?-P
(5,151) H=. 9.rns4p
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KaKTO npeAH, HO C o6paree
3Hax 3a P
H
3
Kaxro cayga1 5, no c
o6pareH sRax 3a p
(5,150)
11P" P?P; 900-P
OnpeAeaH ce 3ewwr HarmCx Ea Hspay eeprnxanHa crena
(cayga* 5). 3eMHHAr Ham cx oWpxy HaxnoneHara crena fae
5, 53 n Na
Pa- E a (1- tg 7 ? t8 P)
(5,152) H2a cos p
-2--
1 +Y-2. sin p
O6acReHHa x'LM- ra6HHRara:
P - Ibrwt ma empemaoro rpMeHe ;
s - o6eimo rerAo na crpoHreAHara nog a B ecrecrseno crcrcAHHe B TO
I
H
3
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
s'bpxaocrTa Ha no9BaTa H onpeAeaHMe 3eMHH9 HaTHCK HRH CbnpOTHBaeHBe) na nnoeiocTTa
AB1. NcTHHCKaTa roneMHHa Ha 3eMHH9 HaTHCK no HaKaoHenaTa IJOCKOCT AB noaygasaMe
KaTo reoMeTpHgeH chop Ha onpeAeneHHH HaTHCK H TernoTO HB 3eMHaTa npH3Ma ABB1.
BcecTpaHHOTO H3noA3yBaHe Ha Ta6jHaa 5-16 nponHRaBa Haii-HpKO OT 4 aKTa, qe TH
Moxce Aa 6bAe npHAaraHa H B Caygail qe CTpOHTenHaTa noqBa 3aA CTeHaTa e CBbp3aHa, T. e.
np}Te)KaBa cuenaeHHe (Koxe3HH). 3a uejTa bl"bn?bT p B'bB 41opMynare Tpc6sa Aa 6bnte sa-
McHeH C ?npHpaBHeHHH' brbn Ha BbTpeUIHOTO TpHeHe p', KOi1TO ce onpeAena no 41opMynaTa
V = 2 - 2 arc tg V tg (450 - 2) ? [tg ( 450 - 2 H. A
KbAeTO p e brbn Ha B'bTpenlnOTO TpHeHe Ha cTpoHTenHaza nogBa;
c - cuenneHHe (KoxesHH) Ha cTpOnTeAHaTa nogBa B T/M2;
A - o6eMHO Terno Ma CTpoHTeaHaTa nogBa B TIM3;
H - BHcogHHa Ha cTeaaTa B M.
1. B a a y m e a, B. - 3eMHa MexaHHKa, go4)HH, 1952.
2. B e n d e 1, L. - Ingenieurgeologie I, Wien, 1944.
3. B e r n a t z I k, W. - Baugrund and Physik, 1947.
4. I e p c e B a H o a, H. M., - Cobpaaae cogHHeHHf, 1, 11, MocKna, 1948.
5. I e p c e B a H o B, H. M? A. E. I1 o n b HI H H, - TeopeTHVecxne ocHO>ira MexaHMKH
rpyoroB, MocKBa, 1948. '
6. T o q b A m T e ii H, M. H. - MexaHHgecKHe csoacisa rpyHTOB, MOCKBa, 1952.
7. K e 11, K. - Ingenieurgeologie and Geotechnik, Berlin, 1955.
8. K o 11 b r u n n e r, C. F. - Fundation and Konsolidation, I, II, III, Zurich, 1952.
9. Mac a o B, H. H. -- IlHxceaepxaH reonorMB, Mocxsa, 1941.
10. 0 p H a T C K H it, H. B. - MexaHHKa rpyHTOB, MocKBa, 1950.
11.' fI o n 0 e, H. B. -14HxceaepHaa reonorHH, MOCKBa, 1951.
12. 11 p H K A 0 H C K H it, B. A. - rpyHToseueHHe, I, II. Mocr-na, 1955.
13. C e p r e e B, E. M. - 06utee rpyHTOBeneBHe, MoCKBa, 1952.
14. T e r z a g h I, K. - Theoretical Soil Mechanics, New York, 1947.
15. T e r z a g h 1, K., R. P e c k - Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, New
York, 1948.
16. Ll b1 T o s H q, H. A. - Mexannxa rpyoroB, MocKaa-JIeHHBrpaA, 1951.
17.3rundbau Taschenbuch, Berlin, 1955.
18. CnpaBOgHHK no ,HHxceaepHoit reoaorM 1, MockBa, '1939.
19. CnpaBOgHHK no riApOTeXHHKa, Mocxsa, 1955.
20. TeXHHUeCKHI1 cnpaBOgHHK xcene3HOaopo)KHHKa, MocKBa, 1953.
KbM rnasa B 1
21. B e 3 y x 0 B, H. 14. - TeopxH ynpyrOCTH B naacTHUHOCTH, Mocxsa, 1953.
22. T o n y nI K e B H q, C. C. - IlnocKaH 3anaga TeopnH npeAeabaoro paBHosecna
cbinygeit cpenbi, Mocxsa-JleHWHrpaA, 1948.
23. )K e m o q H31 H H, B. H. - TeopxH ynpyrocTH, MOCKBa, 1948.
24. 14 n b 10 m H H, A. A. - IlJaCTHYHOCTb, MocxBa-JIeHBHrpaA. 1948.
25. M a c a 0 B, H. H. - fpHKaaunaH MexaHHKa rpyHTOB, MOCKBa, 1948.
26. C 0 K 0 n 0 B C K H A, B. B. - CTaTHKa cbinygeit cpeAbi, MocKSa, 1954.
27. T I m o s h e n k o, S. P. - Theory of Elasticity, New York, 1937.
28. T i m o s h e n k o, S. P. - Strenght of Materials, New York, 194repaartoB,
29. 4) HaoHeHK0-Bop0AHq H Ap.- yPc coupomaeHH9
MoCKBa, 1955.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
30.'K 6 g l e r- S c h e i d I g Baugrund Und Bauwerk, Berlin, 1948.
31. M a c a o s, H. H. =1IpHKaauaax' MexaHaxa rpyaroa, Mocxaa, 1948.
32. F r o h l i c h , 0. K. - Druckvertellung im Baugrande, Wien, 1934.
33. R p o n on b c x H A; ll. B. - OCHOBarns x 4pynAaueHTU, JleiHHrpaA, 1954.
K,bM rnasa r
34. A 6 ex e B, 10. M. - OCHOBw npoeKTHpoBaaHn Ha MaKpOnopHCTbu rpyfrax,
MocxBa, 1948.
35. B y a w q e B, B. r. - TeopHa ra3oaacwuieHHwx rpyHToa, MocKBa, 1948.
36..11 e H H c o B, H. 351. - CTpoHrenbHwe cBofcraa Aecca H AeCCOBHAHfX cyrAHHxoB,
MocKBa-JIeanurpaA, 1951.
37. A e H H c o B, H. 51.-O npHpoAe Ae4)opMaix4~ rfHHHCTwx nopoA, MocKBa, 1951.
38. K O g l e r- S c h e i d i g-Baugrund and Bauwerk, Berlin, 1948.
39. M a c a o B, H. H. - ApHKnaAHaa MexaHaKa rpyHToB, MocKBa, 1948.
40. P o 3 a C. A. - H3ygeHHe ynaoraaeMocrH H Hecyuwx csofcra rpyaTOa, cnaraK--
ulHx OCHOBaHHH coopymeaHA, JleaaarpaA, 1947.
41. BAC 2763 - ('yWAaMeHTH HJOCKH - H3UHCA$BaHe Ha CAHCBaHeTO npH paBHouepao
pa3npeneneH ToBap.
K1.M raaBa A
42. B y a m q e s, B. I'. - Teopaa ra3oHacwutembix rpyHTOB,M OCKBa, 1948.
43. K tag t e r- S c h'e i d f g- Baugrund and Bauwerk, Berlin, 1948.
44. T e r z a g h I- F r d h l i c h- Theorie der Setzung von Tonschichten, Leipzig,
Wien, 1936.
45. 4> a o p m H, B. A. - TeopHA ynnoTHemm 3eMaHaswx Macc, MocKBa, 1948.
46. 5 a p K a H, A. A. - AHHaMHKa OCHOBaHHR H 4pyauaMearoe, 'MocKBa, 1948.
47. T o A y m x e B H g, C. C. - IInOCKau 3aAaga TeOpHI npenenbHoro paBHOBecaa
cwnygeA cpenw, MocKBa-J1eHHHrpaA, 1948.
48. K 6 g I e r- S c h e. i d i g- Baugrund and Bauwerk, Berlin, 1948.
49. M a c n o B, H. H. - lpHKaaAHaa MexaaHKa rpyaToa, MocxBa, 1948.
50. Hopi a TexaagecKae yCAOBHa H T. H. 127-55 H 137-56, MocKsa.
51. P o 3 a, C. A. - H3yUeHHe ynioTHaeMocTH a Hecyutwx cBofcTm rpyHms, caaraio-
uiax ocaoBaHax coopyxceHaf, JleHHHrpaA, 1947.
52. C O K O A O B C K H A, B. B. - CTaTHKa Cwnygen cpeAw, MocKaa, 1954.
53. C T e 4) a H 0 B, r. - OnpeAeAAHe AonyCTHMoTo HaTOBapBaHe Ha nogBaTa, cn. ApxH-
TeKTypa H CTpOHTeACTBO, 1951, 6p. 11.
K1,M rnaBa }K
54. M a c n o B, H. H. - I1pHKnaAHaa MexaHHKa rpyaTOB, Moms, 1948.
55. M a c n o B, H. H. -YCAOBHa yCmf9HBOCrH CKAOHOB H OTKOCOB s raaposaepreru-
gecccoM cTpoareAbcTBe, MOCKBa, 1955.
56. H H g H U O p 0 B H g, A. A. ConpoTHaaeuHe CBa3Hbnr rpynms npa pacgere
rHApOTeXHHgeCKHx coopy .ceHHa Ha ycTOAhHBOCTm, MOCKBa, 1948.
K1,M rnaBa 3
57. A g a t z, A. - Der Kampf des Ingenieurs gegen Erde and Wasser, Berlin, 1936
58. C a q u o t - K 6 r i s e I- Traite de Mecanique des Sols, Paris, 1949.
59. C o 1 b erg, 0., M u n d, O. - Stutzmaueri Grandbau, Handbuch fur Eisenbeton?
bau, IV, Berlin, 1936.
60. F e 11 e n I u s, W. - Erdstatische Berechnungen, Berlin, 1940.
61. r o a y m K e B H g, C. C. --1lnocKaa 3agaga npeneAbaoro pasaoaecaa cwnycel
cpeAw, Mocxsa-AeHHarpaA, 1948.
62. foaywieBaq, C. C., X P H C T 0 4) 0 p 0 B, B. C. - rlpalmlUecxHe McTOAm
onpeAeneHHa AaBneHHa rpyHToB, BMY3, 1949.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
63. .4 a B H A o a, C. C. - PacgeT x npOeKTxpOBaxxe noA3eux61x KOaCTpyKUNA, CTpof
x3AaT, 1950.
64. K o 11 b run n e r, C. F. --r Fundation and Konsolidation, III, Zurich, 1952.
65. K r e y, H., Ehrenberg, I. - Erddruck and Erdwiderstand, Berlin, 1936.
66. R e n d u I I c, L. - Der Erddruck im Strassenbau and Bruchenbau, Berlin, 1938.
67. C o K 0 n o a c K H A, B. B. - CTaTKKa cmny4ea cpeAu, Mocxaa, 1954..
68. C6opxiK reoTeexHUKa, Kazan Boara-MocKaa, 1940.
69. R p o n o d 6 C K H A, H. B. - OCHO9axxft x 4)yHAaMeNTbl, Aexxxrpaa, 1954.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
VI. FEOJIOKKI4 I1POY'-1BATEJIHII PABOTI4
3A 'HY)KIU 1TE HA CTPOHTEJICTBOTO
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
06u4d no.zowcemuq
3a Aa ce npOBeAaT n(ACKH npoy9BaTenHH pa6oTH 3a. HyHCAHTe Ha CTpOHTeJICTBOTO, e
Heo6xOAHMO'Aa ce H3BbpWH npeABapHTeaHa noArOTOBKa, KOBTO e AaAena cxeMaTH3HpaBO B
Ta6A. 6-1.
Ta6JHua 6-1
ronorpa$Hs
'Ha6aaaae Ha Tonorpa#KH KapTH,H CHTyaUHH. Haaara ce Aa ce
yCTBHOBH MecronoAo)KeHHeTO Ha HaJIHgHHTe TpnaHryJia4HH TO9KH H
penepH, 3a Aa ce yneCHH Tonorpa#KOTO Cwbp3BaHe H HHBCAHpane
as H3pa6OTKHTe. npH Heo6xOAHMocT home Aa ce HaAONCH nocTana-
HeTO Ha HoBH penepH _
reonornn
Ha6aBAHeTO Ha reonoNCKH KaprH, Ha reoAONCKa H HHNCenepHo-reo-
AONCKa nHTepaTypa H apXHBHH MaTepHBAH 3a paffoHa. Paay3Hasa ce
3a C'bCTOBHHeTo Ha cTapHTe reonowxonpoygaaTenzH pa6OTH H pa3-
KpHTHa KaTO pyAHHUH, Kapaepp, Tyxnapnu. Cb6HpaT ce AannH sa
CTapnTe COHAawuH pa6oTH B pafdOHa H OKOAO Hero. BCH'KO TOBI
Tpa6Ba Aa, no3BoJH Ha Hnweaep-reoAOra Aa A66He npeAcTaBa 3a
reonONCKaTa HCTOpHJI Ha pafloHa Ha 6bnewoTo CTpoHTeACTBO
XHApoior n H
as ce H3AHpnT AaHHH 3a BBAe)KHHTe oTHonleHH9 B pafona H Aa
xHAporeoxorua
ce cb6epaT HaJ}C'HHTeAaHHH 3a Abi6o9HHaTa Ha noA3eMHHTe Bonn
H as TexHHTe roAHnIHH ICOAe6aaaa, KBKTO H 3a noCOKaTa Ha rpyH-
TOBHa DOTOK
TexiHeecxa npeA-
Cb6HpaT ce AanHH o7BOCHO eBeHTyaJHOTO HaaHRHe Ha CTaPH 3a-
HCTOpHS Ha pafoHa
CHnaaH BoAOenl, CTapH MIHHH H3pa60TKH H CBbp3aHH C TAX CAarBa-
HHa Ha 3eMHHTe Maces; KaK ce nOHaCAT nocTpoeHHTe nee HHweaepaH
rbopbweHMS B.oKoaaocrra; Haaaraao AH ce e B MHHaJOTO nonpa-
Beae Ha CbIUeCTByBannHTe HHNCenepnn cbopbweHHn no HHxCeaepao-
reOnONCKH npHgHHH; KaK H RpH KaKBH HxwenepHoreoJONCKH H XH-
AporeoAONCKH yCAOBHn Ca 6HAH 4)yHAMpaaH CbInnTe.CbopbwennX
TexaH4eciH BHA,
Cb6HpaT ce AaHHH 3a roneMBB.aTa, xapaKTepa H npeAHa3HaseHHe-
AaHHH 3a HOBH$
TO Ha mopbweHHeTO, MHHInaJIHOTO HaTOBapaaae, pecneKTHBHO xH-
cTpoeNC
ApocTaTn HHa.HaTHCK, CTaTHReCxaTB cmcTeMa, c06CTBeHH H AHHaMH9-
HH yAapH, BbmuHHTe CbTpecenBa, ceHsMa9HOCTTa, npOeKTHpaHOTO
nOHHNCeHHe Ha n0A3eMHHTe BOAR H np.
Chem KaTO'ce HsabpmH Ta3H nOArOTOBKa H cieA omen Ha MHCTOTO Ha CTpOHTeACTBOTO
ce H3pa6oTBa TexnwqeclH npoen sa npoyeaaaeTO H ce npacrbnBa ICBM canxre reonoNCKo-
npOygBBTeAHH pa6oTH. Te MOraT Aa ce npoaeAaT 9pe3:
1. IIBKOnmH pa6oTH.
2. CoHAaw nx pa6om.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3. T10ACKH H3nHTBaHHH Ha 4)H3HKO-MexamHuHMTe CBO$CTBa Ha CTpoHTeJHHTe n09BN.
4. OHHTHO BoaOHarHeTHBaHe.
5. OnHTHH npOTHBO4)HATpaIIHOHHM pa6oTH - HH)KeKI(HOHHM pa6OTH.
.B HacTOAnuHH pa3AeA we ce pa3raeaaT nocneAosaTeaHO HaKpaTKO H36poeHHTe BHAOBe
nOACKO-npoy4BaTeAHH GOTH. fopaAH cbBceM cneIuHaAHHH xapaKTep Ha reO4)H3H4HHTe noa-
CKH npoyquaTeaRH paoTH, KOHTO B AOCTa caygau ca OT MHoro roasMa nMA3a 3a HHNCeHepBo-
re0AOHCKOTO H xHAporeoAOHLKOTO np0y4BaHe, TyK HIIMa Aa 61AAT 3acernaTH.
A. H3KOIIHH PABOTH
OCHOBara Na reoaoMCKHre'npoy'BaTeJIHH pa6oTH 3a HyMCANTe ma CTpOHTeJCTBOTO a mume-
HepaoreoAoBCKOTO KapTHpaHe. OCBeH o6HKHoBeHoTo reoaOMCKO KapTHpaHe TO 06XBt a H
OT6tAa3BaaeTO Ba BCHgKH 4 H3HKO-reono*KH, MOpCpoJOHCKH H xHAporeOnO)KKH HBaeHHa H 4 H-
aMKo-MexaHNgHH CBOACTaa Ha CxaaHTe, KOHTO MoraT Aa HMaT 3HageHHe sa CTpOHTeaCTBOTO.
14meHepHoreonommoro KapTHpaHe npeACTaBAHBa KOMnneKCHa npoH3BoACTBeHa pa60Ta, KOHTO
nocTaBB Hpe)t npOy'a8TeJA BHCOKH N OTCOBOpHH H3HCKB2HRa.
KbM cnet{NowKara a8 HHMCeHepHoreOAO)KKOTO KapTHpaHe, ooo6eao npH npoyyBaHe 3a
no-aanpeAHaAH cam Ha npoeKTHpaHe Bbpxy TonorpaglcKN KIPTH H CHTyaUJH c,no-COAHM
Manla6, cnaAa cnewlaAHoTo BHHMaHRe KbM pasHoBHn0cTNTe xa KaarepHepHnre CeAHMeHTH,
K'bM CTeneHTa Ha H3BCTP9BBHe Ha OCHOBHRTe CK2AN, KbM xHApOreoaO)KKMTe npOBBH H Cb-
BpeMeHHHTe 4)H3HKO-reOAOHCKH aBAeHHH. TIKMO Ta3H cnewi4PHKa HaAara npH NHHCeHepHO-
reOAO)KKOTO KapTHpaHe Aa ce Cb3Aa.aaT nOBege H3KyCTBeHH pa3KpHTHH, OTKOAKOTO npH 06HK-
HoBeHOTo reo80HCNO xapTHpaue.
B Ta6A. 6-2 ca pasrneAaHH H3KyCTBIHHTe paSxpHTHH, H3nOA3yBaaH npH HH)ICeHepHO-
reOAOHCKOTO KapTHpaHe.
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ABASH CneunaJIHO HHTepeCyBaln HH naaCT
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yCTaHOBH MOIUHOCTTa Ha KBaTepHepHaTa
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CTHra Aa He npe9H rpyHTOBaTa BoAa.
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Ha IMHTKa H o6HJIBR rpyHTOBN BOAR
Mo)Ce Aa ce HPAO)ICH HanpaBaTa as wrHI(
H npH no-noJleaaT' CKAON
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
17poA%A)KeHHe
raAepnH XOpH3OHTaJIHH H3KOfN Cbc Ce- 3a npoyvaaue MOI11HOCTTa Ha KBarep-
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or ConnAHO yxpenABa71e - 2,0X 3OHa npH CKaT, no-CTpbMeH or 1 : 1, HAH
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Ta ; npH TyHeJIH - no nocOKa Ha 3 M ; 3a npoyYeaBe Ha TyneAH, Karo Ce 3a-
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yHeane Ha apyrH chop- npo3opuaTe; 3a npoyvnaHe cKanHaTa Oc-
nepneHAHKyAApHO Ha cKara Ao 1O- HOW Ha BHCOKH A3OBHpH ce npasAr
CTHraHe Ha CBeWIi cxaAH, cneA raJiepnH fOA pyCJIOTO, 3a nposepABane
Toga HanpeKH Ha npOCTHpaHHeTO Ha H8 ueJIHAnp04)HA, mfl KaTo npH T04KOBO
fJIaCTOBeTe HAH HBAJrb* no AHCAO- OHHnaafe "t COBAa)KH HHKOra He MO-
K9uHOHHHre AHHHH BCeM Aa 6bAeM CHrypHH AaAH cMe ycTa-
HOBHAH BCH'KH npoABH, KOHTO 6Hxa MOr-
AH Aa 6bAaT OnaCHN 3a CHrypHOCTTa Ha
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nbAHH no, speMe Ha nonCKHTe reoao)KKH npOy4BareJHH pa6orH, e B3eMaHeTo Ha cKaJHH,
3eMHH H BOAHH npo6H 3a Aa6opaTOpH0 n3caenaaxe. Karo ce HMa.npeABHJ(,lie H3caeABaxero
Ha npo6HTe B Aa6opaTOpnHTe H3HcKBa AOCTa BpeMe, e HcHo, Ye THXHOTO B3eMaHe TpH6Ba As
6'bAe OpraHH3HpaHO owe B HagaaOTO Ha IOJICKOTO reoJO)KKO npOy9BaHe. He TpH6Ba Aa ce
3a6paBA, me e )KeJIaTeJHO BOAHHTe npo6H Aa ce B3eMaT nePHOAHVeCKH B TeveHHe Ha eAHa
HAH HHKOAKO rOAHHH, 3a Aa ce nOAy9H no-HCHa npeucraBa 3a 3aBHCHMOCTTa Me)KAy pe)KHM
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CoHAa*HTe HMaT Toaa npeAHMCTBO npeA wypq)oBere m waxTHTe, 4e nO3BoAABaT Aa ce
npOHNKHe 6bp30 B Abj6o9HHa H MOraT Aa ce HanpaBAT n09TH HaBCBK%Ae, oco6eHo B McCTa
C nAHTKH H 06HAHH rpyHTOBH BOAR H KaPCTOBH BOAH, K%AeTO HanpaBaTa Ha wyp4)oae H
wax7H e MHOrO TpyAHO. OCBeH TOBa COHAaMLHTe ca cpaBHnTeJIHO nO-eBTHHH OT 3eMHOH3KOn-
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ca
Te HMaT nO-rOJIAMO 3HaqeHHe npH npoyv-
BaHe Ha PyAHH H HepyAHH H3KOnaeMH)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B 3aMBHa Ha Toga oolu a)KHTe HMaT H CBOHTe HeAOCTarbI[H. TpyAHO e Bb3 ocHOBa Ha
TAR Aa ce yCTaHOBH HCTHHCQOTO B3asMOoTHOHIeHHe Me)KAy pa3JIHIHHTe 4OpMaWHH B AbA60-
uHHa. O6HKHOBeHO TbKMO Te3H Ha&CTOBe H npOCJIOAKH, KOHTO ca Hag-TbHKH H npeACTaBJIB-
BaT,OT HHweaepnoreoAO)KKa rJIeAHa TOVHa Hap-roa}M HHTepec, He noraT Aa'ce npoygaT
KaKTO Tps16Ba; He e Bb3MO)KHO H B3eMaHero as HeHapylneHH npo6H. BbnpeKH TOBa COHAH-
paHeTo ce npniara MacOBO npH HH)KeHepHOreOAOHCKHTe npoyuBaHHA.
1. KJIACH(PHKALtHS1 HA COH1 A)KHHTE PABOTH
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HHB, 3a yCTaIOBBBane xapaKTepa Ha Tepexa npH H3rpaxcAaae Ha
eHeprHHHH cbopbuceHHn H H3KycTBeHH BoAOxpaHHAHIua, 3a ycraao'
BHBaHe KoAHgecTBOTO Ha noA3eMHHTe BOAH, 3a CTPOe)K Ha HanOH-
TeJIHH CHCTeMH, npH npoyuBaHe KoxHgecTBOTO, KagecrBOTO H THna
Ha none3HHTe H3KOnaeMH H np. Pa6OTHHAT HHCTpyMeHT HMa cpopMa,
yAo6Ha 3a H3Ba)KAaHe Ha npo6a. H3noJI3ysaHemo Ha npoyuBareJHHTe
COHAaMCHH np06HBH 3anOgBa OT HaganoTO Ha COHAHpaHeTO H HaH-
geCTO 3aw ptnBa npH 3aBbplnBaHe Ha coaaawwa
143pa6OTBaT Ce 3a H3nmtgaHe Ha nOA3eMBB BOAR HAH Ha TegHH H
Bb3Ayxoc6pa3Hx ropHBa, 6e3 Aa ce ueJIH H3BaxcAaHeTa Ha npo6H.
Pa60THHSIT HHCrpyMeHT e KOHCTpyHpaH TaKa, qe Aa OCHrypH HaH-
67.p3oTo npoKapaane Ha COHAaNCa. 143noA3yBaHeTO Ha Te3d COHAa)KH
3ano4Ba CAeA 3aBbpwBaaeTO HM H rpae AO H3gepnsaHeTO Ha ropn-
BaTa Han BOAaTa
YAeCHABaT npoH3BoACTBeHara AeiHOCT; uanpsMep HHMCeKTHpane c
UHMeRTOB pa3TBop'3a CaT.p3BaHe na o6AHUOBKara ckc cKaAHHTe MACH
npH B3oBHpHOTO H' TyBeJHOTO CTpoHTeacTBO, QTBOAHHBaaHe Ha tOA-
3eMHHTe H3pa6oTKH, npoKapBaHe Ha Ka6eJIH, H3BbpnlBaae Ha'B3pHBHH
pa6oTH B MHHHTe H TyHeAHOTO CTpoHrencTBo H np. H3nOA3yBaHeTO
3aaogaa cneA 3asbpn)BaHeTO HM H npOAbawaBa, Am= e Heo6-
KOAHMO
CnopeA H3noaayBaHaTa npH COHAHpaHCTO eHepron CoHAaNcHHTe pa6oTH ce pa3npeAeABT
Ha pbgHH H MOTOpHH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. KOMIIJIEKTYBAHE HA COHAA)KHHTE YPEABN
a) yaCTH Ha COHAawHaTa ypeA6a
9aCTH Ha toNAsHNaTa
ypea6a
1.
COHAawCHH KYAH
2.
110BAHraTeiHH H
CHAOnpeAaBBTenHH
1MexaHH3MH
a) pOIKH H CKPHn-
un
YAecHsBaT TosaponoAeMkHTe pa6oTH, T. e. CnyCKaHeTO H H3BaNC-
AaHeTo 3a pa6oTHHH HHCTpyMeHT H 06CaamnTe Tpb6H. Hall-4ecT0
ynoTpe69BaHHTe KyJH Ca AbpBean: sa no-nJHTKH COHAa)KH - TpH-
HOrH (4)Hr. 6-1) 1! sa cpaBHHTeAHO no-Jrba6oKH couaaMcn - veTHpH-
Horn (4)Hr. 6-2). I7pH com)xaWCH c AbA6ognHa HaA 500 M ce yno-
Tpe69BaT H McTaAH4eCKH KyAH (4)Hr. 6-3) C BHCO'BHa 28 H 41 M
Il3nOA3yBaT ce 3a yneCHBBaHe Ha onepalHHTe npH cnycKane m
BAHr8He Ha COHABHCHHTe C'bopbweems ; KyAHTe Ce CHa6A9BaT 'HAH
caMO C HenOABHHCHH, NAH C nOABHHCHH N HenOABH)KHH po4KH. B n?bp-
BHH cxy4aM Ha B'bpxa na KyiaTa ce nocTaB9 caMO ma poAKa
(4)Hr. 6-4), 4n9To OC? He npoMeHnl nonoacemHero CH UPH
ToBaponoAeMHHTe onepausu. rlpe3 poi aTa ce npoKapBa BbMCe - Ha
eAHHH9 Kpat ce 3aKa4Ba ToBapbr, a Ha ApyrHH ce npsAara Heo6x0-
AHMara cHAa: AeAcTByBan1HTe- CHAH sbpxy HenoABHM(HaTa poAKa
(4)Hr. 6-5), oico.o KONTO e -npexabpneao BT,xceTo, ca TOBapbT Q H
CHAaTa P. AKO He ce B3eMa noA BHHMaHHe CbnpoTNBAeHHeTO, pa-
BeHCTBOTO Ha CHCTeMaTa Hue 6bAe
Q.r-P.r=Q HAH Q=P.
CAeAOBareaHo nocpeACTBOM HenoABnwCHaTa poAKa ce H3MeHH no-
coxaTa- Ha CHaara, 6e3 Aa ce negeAH TaKaBa. HaTOBapBaHeTO Ha ocra
Ha poAKara npH Ae3cTBHeTO Ha Q H P B ycnopeAHa nocoKa e paBHo
Ha TexHH9 aMre6pH4eH chop P+Q. Koraro Q H P AepcTByBar B
pa3AH4HH nOCOKH, HaTOBapsaHeTO Cue e paBHO Ha TexmH9 reoMeTpn4eu
chop R (4Hr. 6-6).
YnoTpe6aTa Ha eAHa poalca ce AonyCKa, KorarO ToBapbr, 3aKaqeH
Ha sbxceTo, e no-ManbK OT AOnyCTHMaTa TOBapOIIOAeMHOCT Ha Ae-
6eAKaTa. - : 1.
IIpa no-roaeH! HaTOBapB8HM9 Ha Bbpxa Ha Kyaara ce MOHTHpaT
ABe Han nogege pOAKH. IIOcpeACTBOM o6MKaA9Hto s- ce re ce cBbps-
BAT B 6AOK OT eAHa HAM nosese p0AKH, KOHTO ce ABHNCaT BepTH-
Kanao npH BAMraHe H cnycKaae Ha Tosapa (4)Hr. 6-7). CHCTeNa
oT nOABaHCHl x Heno ZHH po1KN ce Hapa4a CKPHneu (noancnacT).
CHAaTa P, KoAro rp96sa Aa ce,npHAOHCH KbM pa6oTHHA Kpa9 Ha
BbxcerO, 3a Aa npeosonee Tosapa. Q, 6e3 Aa Ce B3eMa npeAsKA
Koe4)Hunenrbr Ha noxesnO AeNcTBMe, ce oinpeAea9 Or QlopMynara
P=Q
n
K-bAeTo n e 6poNr Ha crpynHTe.
fbTHnlara, H3MHB3TH OT CHAara P H roBapbr Q, ce H3pa3asaT C
paBeHCTBOTO
H=n. h,
"Am H e nbr9T, H3MHHar.OT Cnaara P ;
h Ir6T T, H3YHH8T OT TOBapa Q
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
6) J1e6eAKH
(BHH4oBe,pyAaHH)
O6HKHOBeno npH MOTOpHHTe COHAH ne6eAKHTe ca MOHTHpaHH Ha
paMaTa Ha 6opanapaTa m ce 3aaHH)KBaT Or HerOBHH XOPH3OHTaneI
Ban. npH pb4HHTe COHAH Haft-4ecro ce ynorpe6slBar CTPOHTenHHTe
ne6eAKH (C Hr. 6-8). CTpaHH4HHTe CTOAKH npeAcTaBnsiBaT 4yryHeHH
OTJIHBKH HAM ca Or Ae6eaa )KeJH3Ha naMapHHa c brnOBH OnOpHH
)KeIe3a. Bapa6aHbT, rOAHMOTO 3b6H0 KOneJO HaeHTOBaTa CHnra4Ka
ca MOHTHpaHH B AonHaTa 4acT. HaA TAX ca pa3n0n0)KeHH npeBoA-
HHTe BanOBe cic 3b6HHTe Koneaa. CnopeA 3auenBaHeTO Ha eAHH Halt
ApyrH 3b6HH xonena ae6enxara Mo)(e Aa pa6orH C eAmHHqHO Mall
ABOAHO npepaBaHe
npH BCH4KH BHAOBe COHAa)KHH pa6orn ce H3nOn3yBaT CTOMaHemr
Bb)KeTa, HOHTO ce H3pa60TBar OT Ten C AHaMeT?p Or 0,3 Ao 2,0 MM,
H3TerneH OT THreJHa CTOMaHa C'bc CbnpOTHBaeHHe Ha CKbCBaHe
120-200 Kr/MM2. OnpeAeaeH 6p0A TeJOBe ce yCyKBaT Ha CHongeTa,
KOHTO OT CBOA CTpaHa ce yCyKBaT OKOJIO KOHoneHa cbpueBHHa H.o6-
pa3yBar Bb)KeTO.
KOHCTpyKUHATa Ha BbMCeTO ce H3pa3ABa c 4)opMynaTa
K'bAeTO a e 6pOAT Ha cHonueTaTa ;
n - 6poHT Ha relOBeTe B eAHO cHonue;
b - 6poHT Ha KOHOneHHTe cbpueBHHH.
HaA-ynoTpe69BaHHTe CTOMaHeHH Bb)KeTa ca KOHCTpyKUHH
6X19+1 H
6X37+1
YnoTpe6HBaT ce npH noaAHraHe Ha roneMH ToBapH (HanpHMep npH
3aKnelua2He B cOHAa)Ka Ha o6caAHH Tpb6H HAM Ha uxaHCOBHH nocT).
KpHKoBeTe ca ABa BHAa - BHHTOBH H xHApaBJIHgHH. nbpBHTe ca
3a no-MaJKH TOBapH - AO 40 TOHa,a BTOpHTe - Ao 200 H noBege
Toxa.
BHHTOBHAT K HK (4)Hr. 6-9) npencraBnsBa tlnbreH CTOMaHeH uH-
AHHAbp c eApa npaBObrbnHa pe36a, KOHTO ce'BbpTH B HenoABH)(Ha
raAKa H npHeMa noc bnaTenHO Bb3BpaTHO AB1)KeHHe. npH 113CerJHHe
Ha Tpb6H ce HOMBar no ABa KpHKa, Me)KAy KOHTO OCTaBa Tpb6ara.
KpHKoBeTe TpH6Ba Aa CT HHT Ha 3ApaBa OCHOBa, 3a Aa He nojuaBaT
B TepeHa. noB1HraHeTO Aa CTaBa paBHOMejHO H eAHOBpeMeHHO
B npOTHBeH cayuaf Mowe Aa ce noayuH OrCKa4aHe Ha KpHKa, KoeTO.
Aa npH4HHH Te)KKH 3JIOnonyKH.
XHApaBAHuHHTe KPHKOBe npeACTABnHBaT KOMnneKT Or ABa xHApaB-
AH4HH UHJIHHAbpa C ABH)KeIUH ce B TAX nnbTHH CTOMaHeHH UHJIHH-
ApH - nnyawepB, nOMna H CbeamHHTeJHH Tpb6HuKH 3a BHCOKO Ha-
aslraHe. Ynorpe6HBaaaTa Te4HOCT e Macao HAM He4T.
3a 3ana3BAHe Ha o6Cny)KBaIUHH nepcoHan or 3n0n0nyKH noMnara
ce nOCTaag B-bH Or COHAawCHOTO roMemeHHe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4Hr. 6-4
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
6) CTOMaHeHH B b*eTa 6x19+1
AnaMe-
Tbp Ha
4,8
6,2
7,7
9,2
11,0
12,5
14,0
15,5
17,0
18,5
20
0
21
5
23
25
26
28
Bb*ero,
,
,
AHaMe-
Tbp Ha
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
Terra,
I
,
,
,
,
MM
I
Hge Ha
J1
--
-
-
-
~
8
14
22
32
44
57
73
90
108
129
151
176
202
229
259,
290
Ha
BbMCe
:
TO, MM2
-
-
-
17pA6nH3x-
-
-
-
renxo
Ter-
no Ha 1 A.
.
0,13
0,20
0,29
0,40
0,~2
0,65
0,81
0,92
1,20
1,30
1,60
1,90
2,10
2,40
2,70
M, Kr
B) CTOMaHeHH B'bB(eTa 6x37+1
ABaMe-
Tbp Ha
8,8
11,0
13,0
15,0
17,0
19,5
21,5
24,0
26,0
28
0
30
0
32
5
Bb)KeTO,
,
,
,
MM
AHaMe-
rep Ha
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
1,2
1
3
4
1
1,5
Terra,
,
,
MM
.Throe Ha
ceveHHeTO
28
44
63
85
112
'141
174
211
251
295
342
392
Ha Bb)Ke-
TO, MM2
11pH6nH3H-
TenHO Ter-
no Aa 1 a.
0,24
0,38
0,57
0,77
1,00
1,20
1,60
1,80
2,30
2,60
3,10
3,60
M, Kr
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
a) TeXHH9ecKa xapaKTepHCTHKa Ha COH.ga)KHa anapaTypa,
KOMnJIeKTyBaHa c 6opanapaT KA-2M-300, npoMHBHa
noMna M-100/30 H JBHraTe.n H-22
Ta6nHua6-7
,abn609HHa Ha COHAHpaHeTO
Ha4aneH AHaMerbp Ha COHAMpaHeTO
KpaeH AHaMerbp Ha COHAHpaHeTo
Bpofl Ha o6opoTHTe Ha 3aABHNCBaIuHA Ban
Bpofl Ha o6opOTHTe Ha HIHHHAena
AHaMerbp Ha OTBOpa Ha mnHHAeaa
XoA Ha mnHHAeaa
AHaMerbp Ha IIIaHCHTe
AHaMerbp Ha npeBoAHaTa mafl6a
IUHPHHa Ha =116=
TosaponoAeMHOCT Ha ne6eAxaTa
AHaMerbp Ha 6apa6axa Ha ae6eAKara
CKOpoCT Ha HaBHBaHe Ha BbxceTO
AHaMerbp Ha HHAHHAbpa .
XoA Ha 6yTanoro
BpOfl Ha ABOfHHTe XOAOBe B MHH.
llpoH3BOAHTeJHOCT
Hag-roJIAMo pa60THO HanaraHe
AHaMerbp Ha CMyKaTeIHHA OTBOP
AHaMerbp Ha HarneTareanHa OTBOp
HopManHa MOH(HOCT npH 500 061MHH
Ta6apHTH: AbJNCHHa
wMpO4HHa
BHCOgHHa
300 M
116 MM
56 MM
285 o6/M
180 06/M
44 MM
300 MM
42 MM
780 MM
100 MM
1500 Kr
220 MM
0,65 M/ceK
1800 MM
1090 MM
1360 MM
750 Kr
500 MM
220 MM
200 MM
240 MM
22 KC
5'24 MM
500 MM
1410 MM
1050 Kr
6) TeXHH9ecKa xapaKTepHCTHKa Ha COHAa}KHa anapaTypa,
KOMnJ1eKTyBaHa c 6opanapaT KAM-500, npoMHBHa noMna
3W1 P-200/40 H ABHraTeJl H-22
noMna 1 ABBraTen
240 o6/M
400 MM
120 MM
70 MM
110 MM
75
100 HIM
30 aTM
50 MM
38 MM
1435 MM
840 MM
1270 MM
565 Kr
nOMna IaBnraTeJI
2 I 3 I 4
Abn6o4HHa Ha coHAHpaHe 500 M _ I -
Ha4aneH AHaMerbp Ha coHAHpaHe 190 MM -
KpaeH AHaMerbp Ha coHAHpaHe 76 MM - -
Bpofi Ha o6opoTHTe Ha 3a) 8H)K83LL HH Ban 120 o6/M - -
Bpofi Ha o6opoTHTe Ha mnHHAena 72, 120, 200 - -
o6/M
AHaMerbp Ha OTBOpa Ha mnHHAena 53 MM - -
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3 I 4
XoA Ba mnHHAeAa
AHaMeT'bp Ha IuaHCHTe
AHaMeTbp Ha npHBOAHaTa uiaff6a
111HpO'HHa Ha wafl6aTa
ToBaponoAeMHOCT Ha Ae6e.AKaTa
.gHaMeT'bp Ha 6apa6aaa Ha Ae6euxara
CKOpOCT Ha HaBHBaHe Ha Bb)KeTo
AmaMerbp Ha HHAHHAbpa
XoA Ha 6yTaAOro
Bpof Ba ABofHBTe xoAOBe B MHHyTa
11pOH3BOAHTeAHOCT
Hafi-roAgMo pa6oTHo HaJAraHe
AmaMerbp Ha cMyKaTeJHHSI OTBOp
AHaMeTbp Ha HarEerareaHHH OTBOp
HopMa.Ha MOInHOCT npH 500 o6/MHH
ra6apHTH: AbJHCHHa
IBHpOIIHHa
BHcOYHHa
B'LTpeHIeH 0 B MM
119
104
89
77
67
57
47
37
137
118
99,5
81
65,5
49,5
37
500 MM
220 MM
85 MM
140 MM
80
200A/M
40 aTM
76 MM
45 MM
1670 MM
890 MM
1550 MM
850 Kr
200 MM
240 MM
22 K. C.
524 MM
500 MM
1410 MM
1050 Kr
B) C'bopsx(euuf npH AAKOBO COH,gHpaHe
O6cadku mps6u
CTap CTaHAapT
127
112
97
83
73
63
53
43
146
127
108
89
73
57
44
][e6eJMHa Ha creHaTa ? MM a Terao Ha I JIM ? Kr
350' MM
50 MM
1010 MM
140 MM
2000 Kr
482 MM
31,87 cM/ceK
3415 MM
1830 MM
1900 MM
1900 Kr
4,7
4,5
4,25
4,00
3,75
3,75
3,5
12,6
11,1
9,6
6,0
5,3
4,6
3,7
2,9
15,7
13,59
10,87
8,38
6,4
4,92
3,49
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Sopnu mpm6u
HpeAHa3HaveHHeT4D HM e:
1. as BOAAT KOpoaHTenpaBOJHHetHo a cOHAa)KHHA npo6HB, Karo ro npeAna3Bar OT H3-
KpHBBBaHe.
2. ,la 3aAbp)KaT B ce6e CH AAKaTa, KaTO A 3ana3BaT OT pa3pywaBaHe H yJ1ecaosaT H3-
B3M(A8HeTO N.
OCHOBHBTe pa3MepH Ha 6opHMTe Tpb6H ca AaaenH B Ta6A. 6-11 H Ta6a. 6-12.
Ta6JIHLI a 6-11
BbHweH 0 B MM {
129
114
99
84
74
64
54 j
44
BbTpeweH 0 B MM
121
106
91
77
67
57
47
37
BbnweH 0 B MM
146
127
108
89
73
57
44
BbTpeweH 0 B MM
137
118
99,5
81
65,5
49,5
37
HopMalrHaTa AbJnKHHa Ha 6opHHTe Tpb6H e 3 M H B peAKH ciygaH e 4,5 M.
nPH 3ano9BaIw!sl AHaMeTbP 60pHHTe Tpb6H ca Abnrn AO 0,5 M, 3a Aa Moace Aa ce
HocTaBAT nOA nHCTOHa It C TBX Aa ce coaAHpa, AoxaTO ce noAyvH Aba60tHHa Ha coHAaMI-
HHB npo6HB, B KOHTO AM ce noMeCTH HOpMaJHa 6opHa Tpb6a.
11pH COHAHpaHe B McKH H CHAHO H3BCTpe]IH HAH TeKTOHCKH pa3pyweHH cK$AH ce npH-
68rBa Ao cbeAHHABaHe Ha ABe, a Aawe H Ha TPH 6opHH Tpb6H nocpeACTBOM cbeAHHH-
TeAHH HHneJIH, 3a Aa cejnpe11OTBpaTH H3KpHBBBaHeTO Ha COHAa)KHHH npo6HB.
nPH MHoro caa6o dnoeHH CKaAH H nPH H3BeTpeaH HAM TeKTOHCKH pa3pyweHH CKaAH,
3a Aa ce oc rypH H3BaH(AaHeTO Ha siAKa, ce ynoTpe6ABa AByCTeHHa 6opna Tpb6a. Ta ce
CbCTOH OT ABe OTAeAHHBMbKHaTH eJHa B Apyra Tpb6H C H3BeCTeH Aycpr noweHCAy MM,
Koero OCHrypaBa npeMH1?aBaHeTO Ha npOMHBHaTa Te9HOCT. 110 T03H HaWHH npoMHBHaTa Tev-
HOCT HBMa Aocer c BAKaTa. 11pM pa6oTa c AByCTeHHH 6opHH rpb6M ce ynorpe6sBar H cne-
UHaAHH nyAeTa H KOPOHH 3a AByCTeHHH 6opHH Tpb6H.
Kopoxu
OCHOBHHHT -pa60TeH HHCTPyMeHT npH AAKOBOTO COHAHpaHe e KOpOHaTa.
BHAa KOpOHH.
AHaMaHTOBH KOPOHH ((4nr. 6-10)
H3nOJf3yBaT ce MHOro p$AKO - Koraro COHAHpaHeTO C Apyr BHA KOpOHH e Hesb3MO)KH0'
T. e. npH Hal-TBbpAHTe CKaJH. CTlHAapTbT HM' cnopeA BbHwHHA J1HaMeTbp e : 36, 46,
56, 66, 76, 86, 101, 116, 131, 146 H 168 MM. flopaAH BHOBrIfara neHa Ha AHaMaHTOBHTe KOPOHH
Hal-ynoTpe69BaHHTe AHaMeTpH ca: 36 H 46 MM npH n0A3eMHO COHAHpale H 56,-66 H 76 MM
npH COHAHpafe OT nosbpxHOCTTa. KopoHHTe c no-roneMH AHaMeTpH cE H3noA3yBaT CbBceo
PBAKO. KOHCTpyKUHATa HM He ce pa3AHVaBa OT ApyrHTe BHAOBe KOpOHH. Pa3AHKaTa e CaMO
B TOM, ve 9esoTo e apMHpano C AHaMaHTOBH 3bpHa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
TB'bpAocnnaBHH KOPOHH
L1eaoTo HM a 3apeAeHo c pe3uH BAH nxacTHHIH OT TBbpAH CnJIaBB. Ynorpe61rsar ce
cAeAHHTe TBbpAH cnaaBH: BHAHH,.no6eAHT, TpHaMaHT, peJHT H AHBBeiT. 113nOAayBaT ce npir
cpaBHHTeAHo no?MexH cKaAH, TB'bpAH HanyKaHH cKaJH, H3BeTpeAH HAH TeKTOHCKH pa3pyweHit
cKaJH H rip. To3H BHAICOpOHH HINT Hail-IHHpoKo npHAo*eHHe npH BAKOBOTO COHAHpaHe
OCHOBHHTe pa3Mepu Ha TBbpAOCnAaBHHTe xOpOHH (HOB cTaHAapr) ca AaAeHH B Ta6A. 6-13.
Ta6aHua 6-13
0 Ha 6opaara
Tpb6a, MM
,,gxauerbp Ha KopOHara
BbHnleH
'd, MM
BbTpemeH
0, MM
BHCOgiHa as
KOpOHaTa 6ea
pe36ara, MM
Teruo Ha Kopoeara,
Kr
44
45,5
33
0,250
57
58,5
45
9,385
73
75
61
0,500
89
91
77
0,860
108
110
96
0,920
127
130
116
1,080
146
150
136
1,114
WPOTOBH KopoHH (4)Hr. 6-11)
KopoHHTe sa uipOTOBO coHAHpaHe ca C Ae6eJHHa Ha creHaTa 8-12 MM H AbAHCHHa
400-500 MM. Ha ropHHR CH Kpaf re HMaT npaBObrhJHa pes6a no pa3MepHTe Ha pes6aTa
Ha 6opeara Tpb6a, a Ha AOJIHHH CH Kpa$k HMaT npope3 - MarasHH, 9HHTO 4OpMa'H paswepH
Ca AaAeHH Ha (OHr. 6-18.
17yAema
lpeAHa3Ha9eHHero Ha nyneraTa e Aa CBbp3Bai 6opHHH cnapgA c IUaHroBHH AoCT. 1te-
ABT Ce Ha 06HKHOBeHH H yTatiHHKOBH. O6HKHOBeHHTe nyJleTa 3aBbpwBaT Ha ropHHH CH Kpa 1
C KOHYC H pe36a 3a CBbp3BaHe C maHrOBHH AOCT, a Ha AOAHHH - C pe36a 3a H8BHBane s
6opHara rpb6a (oar. 6-12). YTafHHKOBHTe nynera Ce pa3AH4aBar OT o6HKHOBeHHTe no
TOBa, 9e ropHHHT HM Kpai1 3aBbpnlBa IIHAHHApH4HO C BbHWHa Am pe36a 3a HaBHBaRe Ha
yTafHHKOBa Tpb6a (4)Hr. 6-13).
IljaH u
11pesna3HauenHero Ha nlaxrHre e Aa npxeMar BbpTeJHBOro ABHMCeHHe Ha innHHAeAa H
Aa ro npeAaAaT Ha 60pHHB CHapHA. OCBeH TOBa CAYHCBT H 3a npeMNHaBaHe Ha npOMHBHara
re4HOCT npe3 TAX.
PasMepH Ha'uaHrnTe
Ae6enHHa Ha crenara,
MM
Teruo Ha 1 A. M, Kr
33,5
4,75
3,6
42
4,50
4,2
50
5,00
5,5
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
parr-~'F':~f~
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HHnejH (c)rr. 6-14)
CnyIcaT 3a cBbp3naHe Ha n1aHrHTe eAHa c Apyra. npeACTaBJABaT Ae6eaocreHeH UHnHH-
Abp C OCOB KaHan 3a npeMHHaBaHe Ha npOMHBHaTa Te4HOCT. ,1sara Kpas HMaT BbHIHHH
npaBobrbnHH pe36H, CbOTBeTCTByBaIu4 Ha Te3H. Ha H1anrHTe. fopaAH nO-MaAKHA AHauerbp
Ha TexRHA KaHan H xaHana Ha maurAre, 3a An ce HaMMaJH cbnpoTHBaeuHeTO npH npeMHHa-
BaHe Ha npOMHBHaTa Te4HOcT, KpaHluaTa Ha KaHaaa ce pa3WHpABaT KOHH4HO noA uearpa-
aeH brbn OT 900.
r) H3KpHBABaHe Ha COHAaIcHHA npO6HB
fpH4HHHTe 3a H3KpHBABaHe Ha COHAaacHHA npO6HB ca Hall-pa3JIH4HH. BCH4KH npH4HHH
Moral An ce pa3AeJSIT Ha ABe rnaBHH rpyfH - reonowKH H TeXHH4eCKH.
IZbpBHTe ca jle3ynTaT Ha CTpaTHrpa)CKHTe OCO6eHOCTH Ha npoc0HAHpaHHTe CKanH.
O6HKHOBeHO H31CpHBABaHe Ha COHAawnHA npO6HB HaCTbnBa npH npecH4aHe Ha nnacroBe c
pa3rH4Ha TBbpAOCT, npeMHHaBaHe npe3 npa3HHSH, npec64aHe Ha ACHO 04epTaHH nyK1[aTHHH,
cpeiuane Ha TBbpAH BKn104eHHfI B CpaBHHTeJHO McKH CKanH H Up.
17pMMep. Bbpxy KopoaaTa (4 )Hr. 6-15) Aetlcmysa cxnara C. Bbpxy acelcH 06 (4HtlTo
6pof e m) me AetlcTByaa cnna
s H '
c ana a a. 3b6bT. on oaui ce Ha . ` :. U!
C
Co- .
AKO KopoHara npeMHHaBaOT
meKa B TBbpAa cKaaa, Karo rpa-
HH4HaTa noBbpXHHHa McHCAy TAX
e HaKAOHeHa n0A CpaBHHTenHO Ma-
nbK brba, 3b6bT, nonaAHan B
TBbpAaTa cKana, me ce 3a6He no-
MaJKO or 3b6a, nonaAHan B Mcxa-
Ta CKaaa.
3a6HBaHero Ha 31,6a B cKaaa-
Ta 3aBHCH OT 'HaaxraHero CO, 'brb-
aa Ha 3aOCTp9HeTO P, A1)MCHHaTa
no-rwbpAaTa cKaaa, me ce 3a6He
B HeA Ha Abn6ognHa
Co
fpi npeMHHaBaue Ha KopoHara OT TBbpna B no-MeKa cxana ce nonygaBa o6paTHOro
ABneHue.
KoraTO KOpOHaa npeMHHaBa OT HO-MeKa KbM no-TBbp)a CKana npH MHoro OCTbp brbn
Ha 3ana)aHe Ha rpaHH4HaTa noibpXHHHa Melcay TAX,KOpOHara 3ano4Ba Aa ce ?Rnb3ra no
HeA H ce nony4aBa H3KpHBABaHe Ha COHAaHCHHA npo6HB B nOCOKa, ycnopeAHa Ha rpaHH4-
HaTa nOBbpXHHHa (4)Hr. 6-16). LIeCTO ce HaMIOAaBaT o6a4e H nOnOHCeHHA, To4HO o6paTHH
cKana, me ce 3a6He Ha
Co
h2=
a2- b. tg
B ABere 4lopMyJIH npH OCTaHaJIH paBHH BeaHgHHH al e n0-ronAMO or a2 H
renno h2 me 6bAe f10-r0J MO OT hl.
Ta3H TeopeTH'Ha nOCTaHOBKa.
no-rnaBHHTe TeXHH4eCKH npH4HHH 3a H3KpHBABaHe
1) neno6po uenrpnpane Ha 6opanapara;
2) He1o6po uenrpnpane Ha nncroHa;
3) coHAHpaHe c Kbca 6opHa Tpb6a;
4) npexoMepao HanAraHe Ha 3a6os;
5) COHAHpaHe C H3KpHBeHH nmaHrH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
6) coHAHpaHe c KopoHa, 4Hero 9eno He e nepneHAHKyJApHO Ha HaAnbHCHaTa A OC;
7) npeMHHasaHe KbM no-MajIbK AHauer'bp 6e3Hanpaanaeauja 6opHa Tpb6a H AP.
Hafl-TOVHOTO H3MepBaHe Ha H3KPHBHBaHeTO (KaKTO Ha brbna, TaKa H Ha nOCOKaTa) Ce
H3abpmBa C HHKaHHOMeTbp.
A) H3KyCTBeHO H3HPHBHBSHe Ha COHAa}KHHA npO6HB
H3KyCTBeHOTO H3KPHBHBaHe Ha COHA2HCHHa npo6Ne ce npwnara npH
caeAHHTe Cny'aH:
1. 1-1pH aeapHA, Koraro a HeBb3MOH(HO Aa ce H3BaAH OCTaHanHHT B
3a6OH HHCTpyMeHT.
2. 11pH H3npaBBHe Ha H3KpHBeH COHAa)KeH npo6HB.
3. Koraro Or npeMHHara 30Ha He e H3BaAeH AocTaTbveH npoueHT
BAKa H ce Hanara 3a npasiura AOKyueHTauHA Aa- ce npeMHHe 30Ha-
Ta nOBTOpHO.
Haft-ciBbplneHnHT Ha4HH 3a H3KPHBABaHe Ha COHAa4CHHA upo6HB
e gpe3 KAHH OT o6caAHa Tpb6a (4 Hr. 6-17). KJHHbT ce CnyCKa
pea KonoHaOT o6caAHH Tpb6H Ha Heo6aoAHMara Abn6ogHHa. Ilpe?
MNHaBa ce c Kbca 66pHa Tpb6a, KOBTO HMa AHaMerbpa Ha cneAea-
ujara cnyceaTa:o6caAHa KOJIOHa H ce, COHAHpB C HaManeHO HanAra-
He H npoMHBHa ITegHOCT. Caei H3aH3aHero Ha 60pHara Tpb6a or
KnHHa ce cnycia HOpMaJHa 6opna Tpb6a H B uagaaOTO Ce pa60TH
CbUXO C HaManeHO HaJHraHe.
4. Pb4HO COHAHPAHE
AsHraTeaHara cHna e pbvHa, nOPaAH KOero npHnOH(eHHeTO My ce orpaHHVaBa KaKTo
OT rabpAOCTTa Ha CKaaHTe (AO IV KaTeropHH), TaKa H OT Aba6ogHHaTa Ha coHAHpaHe (Ao
50 M H B peAKH Cnygan AO 80M)..
a) OCHOBHO KOMnJIeKTyBaHe
Ha p'bgHa COHAa
Kyaa (o6HKHoBeHo 8-MerpoBa, AbpBeHa), 60nr H o6HUa 3a KynaTa, poaKa, ne6eAKa
Cbc cTOMaHeHo Bb)Ke, H(aHrH. ApeMK, o6caAHH Tpb6H, AOJHH H ropHH CK06H, cspeAeJH,
)KanOHKH, npOWHPHTenH H Aaera.
6) OCHOBHH pa3MepH Ha C'bop b)KeHHATa
BbHweH d,
127
168
219
254
273
305
O6caAHH
MM
-
Tpb6H
BbTpeweH 0,
. 115
154
203
238
257
289
MM
CBpeuenHl
0, MM I
100
140
190
225
245
275
)K3JOHKH
~ 0, MM
100
140
190
225
245
275
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
WxpHHa Ha
105
144
193
228
-247
179
TAJIOTO, MM
[i pOHIHpH-
TeaH
Ha H3pA3-
~
Baxe Ha NO-
137
178
237
269
288
320
)KOBeTe
Aaera
WHpHaa, MM
108 I
147
195
230
I 249
281
3 a 6 e a e IK K a. WHpHHara Ha JuleTara, AaAexa B Ta6axuara, npeACTaBaABa H TaxHaTa
MaKcHMaJINa UIHPHHa He3aBHCHMO OT IpopMaTa Ha pexceluwA HM 3b6.
B) COHAHpaHe npH pa3JIH9HH reOJIO)KKH yCJIOBHB
Hsic bitH
AHo nncbuHTe ca raHHecrH HJIH n"THH H BaaJKHH, Te ce COHAHpaT Cbc cspeAea,
BoAoxocHHTe. naC'bua ce npeMHHaBaT C I(aaaOHKH ; ,cyxit f acbgv ce npeuxaaBaT C MCaJIOHKa
xaTO B coHAa)ICa ce HaJI4Ba BoAa Haa raUaecT pa3TBop.
C yA%a6o9aBaHeTO Ha coHAa xa ce H3B'bpwBa H 3aTp'b6ABaHeTO C O6CAAHH Tpb6H.
fopHHHT Kpaf Ha pa6OTHHa HHCrpyMeHT He TpA6Ba AK H3ax3a noA O6yBKara Ha o6caA-
HaTa KOJIOHa.
,L pe6HO3'bpHeCTH 9aK bJIH
11peMHHaBaT ce c mcanorKa, KaTo cbinespeMeHHO Ce 06CANCAaT. C6HTH vaKT.nH ce pas-
-pOxKaaT npeABapHTeJHO CbC CBpeAea. AKO ca cyx-N, nycka ce raxxa H ce Bar cbc
cBpeAea.
EAp031.pHeCTH 4aK7.aH
11peMNHaMT ce cpaBHHTea'HO MHOro TpyAHo. Pa6QTx ce C McTO, KoeTo rn H36yTea
BCTpaHH H pa36HBa no-eupHTe or TAX. 1'13BaNCAaHeTO N cTaBa nocpeACTBOM JICaJIOHK# HAN
cBpeaea AKo ca CyXH, nycga ce rJIHHa H Ce Hanna 1iaaKI Bo,ia.
KoraTb 3anoqBaT uenocpeACTseeo noA nOsippzBocn* Ce npenopb'lBa npaMHHaBaHeTo
HM AN craea c u~axra, B KOATO ce 3aKpenaa B~ptlfx it 96ca4Ha TPb6a x npe3 Beg ce
TIpoTaIKaBa coHAHpaxeTO.
IraHHH, neC'bgJIHBH r.HHHH, JIbOC
npewiuaBaHeTO HM cTaBa aec o nocpeACraoM- CI"Aea. 3aTpb6NBaHe He e Heo6zoANMO.
AKo coHAaMrbT npQAbJDKaea UOA TAX H cTHrMe a'h! &Wi(OCeH XOPR30HT (uAc'buH, vaKbai
H Ap.),.ToraNa ce H3BbpmBa o6caxcAaHe
I'JIHHH, C-'bAbpxcaIUH Ape6HOaap'HecT 4aKba
CoHAHpaxero um ce H33bpWHBa cbc cBpeAea. AKo Ca-c6H7H, HaAHBA ce no MaJKO BoAa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
rJIHHH, c'bA'bpxtaunH eAbp qax'b,ii
npeMHHaBaT ce CbC cBpeAen, KaTo eApHTe Man aH npegBapHTelHo ce pa36xBar C
AneTO. Tpsi6Ba Aa ce'pa60TH C o6caAHH Tpb6H c rOneMH AHaMerpH.
3 a 6 e a e He K a. npH npoyvBaTenno coHAHpaHe connara Tpa6Ba Aa ce KoMnaeKTyaa
CBC CboplHceHHH 3a npeMHHaBBHe Ha BCHKaK'BB BHA CKaan.
5. nPOMHBAHE HA COHAA)KHHTE IIPOBHBH
npH npoMHBane Ha COHJ)KHHH npo6HB ce cb3AaBaT Asa noTOxa OT npoMHBHara
TegHOCT - HH3XOAHH1 H BbaxoAAnt,C HenpeKbcaaTa UHPKynauHH npe3 BpeMe Ha coHAH-
paneTO.
3HameHHeTO Ha np0MHB3HeTO ce CBCTOH B CneAHOTO:
1. nogNCTBaHe Ha 3a60A OT pa3py1IeHHTe CKaJHH gaCTHUH;
2. H3HaCBHe Ha CKaJHHTe gaCTHUH Ha nOBbpXHOCTTa;
3. oxnaHCAane Ha pa6oTHH9 HHCTpyMeHT ;
4. Cb3AasaHe Ha nporHBOaaJflrane Bbpxy cTeHHTe Ha COHAaHca.
npH cneunaJIHO' npntoTeeHH npOMHBHH re4HOCTH cTeHHTe Ha coHAa)Ka M0)KC Aa ce
npeAna3BT or o6pylwBane pea Cb3AaBaxe Ha rnHHecTa Kopnua Bbpxy THx H noAAbp)Kane
B naaBaluo CbcTo9HHe Ha cxaJHHTe rI?CTHUH npH BpeMenno cnHpane Ha uapKynaIIHHTa.
143non3yBaT ce CneAHHTe npOMHBH:a TLIInocTH :
1) 'HCTa BOAa ;
2) HOpManeH rnHHeCT pa3TBop;
3) XHMHqeCKH o6pa6oTeH rnHHeCT pa3raop ;
4) y7e)KHeH rnHHeCT pa3TBOp.
Oco6ena Baw(HOCT npHA06HBaT npOMHBHHTe TegHOCTH npH npeMHHaBBHe Ha TpyAHH
TepeHH - M01UHH f$ICbUH, CKaJIH,noAAaaaIuH ce Ha o6pyiuaane, H np.
a) Ha9HHH Ha UPOMHBaHe
TJpaeo npoMuaake
npoMHBHara Te'HOCT, 3acMyKaHa OT noMnara, ce Harmon npe3 HarHeTaTeAHHH
MapKyg H npOMHBHaTa rAaBa B n1a$roBUH? .OCT. Ilpe3 Hero npoMHBKaTa AOCTHCa AO pa6oT-
HHH HHCTpyMeHT H npOMHBa 3a60H. Bb3xoAsIIuHAT nOTOK yBAHga pa3pylneHHTe cKanna
gaCTIIUH H npe3 npbCTeHOBHAHHB OTBOp Me)KAy cTeHHTe Ha coHAa)Ka H IAaHrOBNA JOCT
H3JIH3a Ha nOBbpxHOCTTa.
O6pamHo npomueane
npOMHBH3Ta TegHocT ce HarHeTBBa B o6caAHaTa KOJIOHa, ABH)KH Ce HaAOny nO.CTeHHTe
Ha COHAa)Ka' H 'caeA npOMHBaHe Ha 3a60a npeMHltaBa npe3 pa6orHHa HHCTpyMeHT, HaBAH3a
B LUaHrOBHH .OCT H npe3 Hero HBAH3a Ha noabpxHocrra. npH Toan Ha'HH Ha npOMHBaHe
e He06xoAHM6 yCTHeTO Ha COHAana Aa 6bAe xepMeTngeCKH 3aTBopeHO, KoeTo ce noCTHra
gpe3 npoMHBHa rnaBa chC CaJIHHK, 3aBHHTeHa Ha o6caAHaTa Tp16a. 11).aHroBHAr JOCT
npeMNHaBa npe3 CaaHHKa n ce BbpTH CBO60AHO.
npeHMylueCTBaTa Ha o6paTHOTO npeA npaBOTO npOMHBane ca caeAHHTe:
a) nopaAH TeCHH$1 OTBOp Ha n1aH OBH$1 JOCT npOMHBHaTa TeuHOCT yBenHgaBa CKOpOCTTa
CH, 6AaroAapeHHe Ha Koero ce nonygasa no-6bp30 H no-nbaHO nogacTBaHe na conAaHc-
HHB $a6op.
6) nopaAH yaenngenaTa CKOpOCT Ha Bb3XOABn1HB nOTOK ce HaManABa KOAH9eCTBOTO Ha
npOMHBHaTa TeqHOCT.
B) FnHHeCTHHT pa3TBOp, nOCTbnBa111 B COHAa)KHNB OTBOp, e 6e3 npHMeCH OT CKanHH
gaCTHUH, KoeTO cnoMara 3a no?CHrypHOTO yKpenBaHe Ha cTeHHTe Ha COHAa)KHHB OTBop.
O6paTHOTo nl)OMHBaHe HMa CneAHHTe HeAOCTaTbuH:
a) XepMeTHgeCKOTO 3aTBapHHe Ha yCTHeTO Ha cOHAa)Ka npeACTaBJIBBa 3HagHTenHa
TpyAHOCT.
288
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
6) Iloaygaaa ce gecTO 3anyuiBane na nlanrOBHII AOCT OT yTaAKH, MaKap H npH xpaTxo
cnapaHe Ha uHpIyJIanHaTa.
HeAOCTarbwe Ha o6pam oTo npoMHBaHe orpaHH9aBaT AO roJIAMa cTeneH B3nOA3yBa?
Hero my. HaA-4ecT6 ce ynoTpe6HBa npaaoTo npoMHBaHe.
6) TnHHeCTH npOMHBKH
CJHHecTHHT pa3TBop npeucraeJIaBa cpaBHHTeJIHO rbcTa, Ho Aecno HOABHHKHa MezaHH-
9ecKa CMec Ha rJIHHeCTHTe 9aCTHUH c BoAara. 1'nHHecrHre 9aCTHUH Ce naMHpaT B paaTBOpa
B naaaaiuo cbcToaHHe H CpaBHHTeJIHO AbAro pee He Ce yTaHBaT.
CMeCHTe Ha Te9HHTe H TBbpABTe Tena Ca AM BHAa: KoaoHABAeH pa3TBop H Cycnena .
Pa3AHKaTa MexcAy TAR Ce CbCTOH B cTeneHTa na pa3Apo6uBane Ha TBbpAOTO BeIUecTso.
Pa3MepHTe Ha 9aCTHUHTe Ha TB'bpAOTO BeruecTBo .npH KOJOHAanHHU pa3TBOp ca noA
0,0001 MM, a npH cycneH3HUra - HaA 0,0001 MM.
rrpH KoJOHAaJHHS pa3TBOp vacTHUHTe H8 TBbpAoTO Beu ecTBO npeMHHaBaT npe3
QIHATbpHa xapTHA, AOKaTO npH CyCneH3HHTa He npeMHHaBaT. 11pH cycneH3HHre TBbpAHTe
9aCTHUH Ce nOAgHHABaT noBeqe HAH n0-MaAKO Ha 38KOHa Ha 3eMHOTO npHBAHYaHe H nopaAH
TOBa ce yTaABaT no-6%P30 HAH no-6aBHO.
1'AHHeCTHTe pa3TBopH npeACTaBAABaT cycneH3HH H MHOTO MaAHO npHAHYaT na HOJIOH-
AaAHHTe pa3TBOpH. L1aCTHUHTe nOA 0,0001 MM AOCTHraT eABa 3 o/a. r'AHHeCTBTe 4aCTH11H
HMBT nAOCKa, AIOCnOBHAHa Q)opMa. XapaKTepHO e, ve KOAKOTO n0-roJ1eMH Ca rAHHeCTHTe
9aCTHUH, TOAKOBa no-3aKpbrAeHa e TAxHaTa cpopMa, npH KoeTO H yTasBaHeTO HM CTaaa
no-6bpao.
FAHHaTa 3a npHrOTBAHe Ha rAHHeCT pa3TBOp Tpu6Ba Aa 6bAe Ma3Ha Ha nHnaHe H
naaCTHgHa. ,1ja npHTe)KaBa CBOtrCTBOTO Aa ce Ae4opMHpa, 6e3 Aa ce noAyvaBar nyKHamHHR,
H Aa 3ana36a AaAeHaTa h 4)opMa. A a He cbAbpxca MexaHHVecxH npHMecH, rpaaHti, pacrt-.
TeJHH OCTaTbiH H AP. Oco6eHo BpeaRo e cbAbpacarHero Ha CaCO3, NaCI H ApyrI
BeluecTBa, pa3TBOpHMH a'bB BOAa.
B) OnpeAen9He noKasaTeauTe Ha rJHHeCTHA pa3TBOp
3a Aa ce noiz pica KageclBeHocTTa Ha rAHHecTHA pa3TBop, npe3 BpeMe Ha pa6oTa ce
npoBepsBaT CAeAHHTe noKa3aTeAH.
OmkocumeAHo me2.'to
OTHOCHTeJHOTO TerAO Ha rAHHecTHA pa3TBOp ce onpeAeiA HaA-yA06HO, KaTo Ce H3n0J1-
3yBa nHKHOMeTbp. Ton npeACTaBJ1BBa cmKAeHHUa c IIIAH4)OBaHa 3anywaaKa H' nAaBeH
npexoA K,M IIIHPOKO rbpao. 3anywanxara Tps6Ba Aa 6bAe c KanHAHpxa HAH c M(JIe6,
OTKcAeTO Aa H3JIH3a H3JIHHIHaTa Te9HOCT.
Hatt-HanpeA nHKHOMerbpbT ce npeTerAA npa3eH - upeABapHTeAHo Ao6pe noAcywen,
cjieA ToBa ce HarrbABa c AecTHAnpaHa BoAa c Teuneparypa 150C. 11pw 3anyuzBane; CbC
3anywaAKaTa H3AHIHHaTa BoAa H3AH3a. CAeA H36bpCeaHe oTBbH Ao cyxo ce npeTerAH.
CbiuoTO ce npaaH n c rAHHecTHA pa3Teop. OTHOCHTeJIHOTO Terao Ha rAHHecTHA pa3TBOp ce
onpeueas nocpopMyaara
Po-Pa _ Pp-Po
7p = P. - PD V
KbAeTO yp e TbpceHoro OTHOCHTeJHO TerJIO Ha rAHHecTHA pa3TBOp;
f'p - TerJOTO ea HanbAHeHHH c rAHHeCT pa3TBOp nHKHOMeTbp B rpaMose;
PB - TerJOTO Ha HanbJIHeHHH C BOAa nHKHoMerbp B rpauoBe;
PD - TernOTO Ha npa3HHA nHxuoMerbp CbC 3any[Hancara B rpaMOBe.;
V
- o6eMbT Ha nHKHOMerbpa B cM3; L =Pa - Po.
IZpH HOPMaJIHH yCJIOBHH Ha cOHAnpane Ce pa6OTH c rAHHeCT
Teruo 1,10 = 1,20; npH no-cno)KHH ycnoBHA OT 1,20 - 1,35.
19 Hapb?ulnc DO HH)KeHepHa reoAoraa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3a 113MepBaHe, OTHOCHTeJHOrO ?rerno Ha rJHHeCTHTe npOMHBKH 4ecroce,ynoTpe6ABa
apeOMembpbT Ha MHaanaOB.11pH conAHpaHeTO OTHOCHTejHOTO rernoHa rANHeCTHH paaT80p
ce.onpeuenA as BCeKH ABa 4aca.
I7sicakKo cadap. icaruue
TOBa onpeAen$He crasa c McH3ypKaTa Ha JIHCeHKO. TA npeAcTaanAea CTbKaeH 6yTHIKo-
o6pa3ex CbA C OTBOP Ha AbHOT0. B Hero ce HanHBaT 50 CM3 OT H3CneABaHHA rIHHeCT pa3-
TBOp. AonHBa ceBOAa Ao 500 CM3, pa367,pKBa ce Ao6pe H ce ocraBA 3 MHHyTH. B ToBa
apeMe ce yTafBaT BCHqKH 4aCTHUH C pa3MepH, He no-roneMH OT 0,02 MM. KoaH4eCTBOTO Ha
yTaeHHTe 4aCTHUH ce OTqHTa no AeaeHHATa B ao.Hara 4aCT Ha McH3ypKaTa. KaTO ce yMHO-
)KH OT4emr (B CM3) Ha 2, ce noay4aBa np0UeHTHOTO CbAbp)xaHHe Ha nacbKa B rJIH-
HeCTHft pa3TBOp. IIpo6HTe ce B3eMaT OT Cb6HpaTeJHHA pe3epBoap, OT KOfTO BCMyKBa
noMnaTa.
11pM HOpMajm yCnOBHH Ha pa6oTa cbAbp)KaHHeTO Ha UHCbKa He TpA68a Aa 6bAe no-
Be4e OT 4?/9, a npH CneUHaaHH - AOpH no-ManKO OT 1?/?.
Aa ce onpeueiH BHCK03HTeTbT 3Ha4H Aa ce onpeAeaH TpHeHeTO, KoeTO ce nopa)KAa
Me)KAy 4aCTHgKHTe Ha ABHM(e[uara ce Te4HOCT.
11pH rnHHeCraTa npOMHBKa ce onpeAenH.OTHOCHTenHHAT BHCK03HTeT, T. e. BpeMeTO, 3a
KoeTO OnpeAeneH pa3TBOp 1ue npeMHHe npe3 AaAeH OTBOJ. 3a uenTa ce H3n0n3yBa CTaH-
AapTHHAT nOJCKH BHCKO3HMeTbp c 5-MHJHMeTpoBa Tpb6H4Ka (CIIB 5). Ton ce CbCTOH OT
cneAHHTe 4aCTH:
1. JlaMapHHeHa 4)yHHfI, KOATO 3aBbpwwBa C Tpb6H4Ka c BbrpeweH d 5 MM.
2. MepxreaeH,cbA c Me)(AHHHO AbHO, KoeTO ro pa3AeJA Ha ABe 4aCTH C BMeCTHMOCT
500 CM3 H 200 cM3.
3. Mpe)Ka C 30 Tengera Ha I".
OnpeAeJBHeTO Ha BHCK03HTeTa CTaBa no CneAHHH Ha4HH. CneA no4HCTBaHe Ha 4)yHHATa
B HeA ce HaJHBaT 700 CM3 npeueAeH rJHHeCT pa3TBOp, KaTO OTBOpbT Ha Tpb6H4KaTa npeA-
BapHreJlHO e 3aTBOpeH C npbcT. CneA roBa cnaraMe CbAa OT 500 CM3 nOA (()yHHATa H ny-
cKaMe pa3TBopa Aa H3TH4a. Cbc ceKyHAOMepa 3aCH4aMe BpeMeTO, He06xOAHMO 3a H3TH4aHe
ma 500 CM3 pa3TBOp.
500 CM3 Boaa H3TH4aT npe3 Tpb6H4Ka c B-bTpenIeH AHaMeTbp 5 MM 3a 15 CeK., a f Cb-
nIOTO KOjH4eCTBo rABHeCTa npOMHBKa- npH HOpManHa pa6oTa B 3aBHCHMOCT Or npeMHHaBa-
HHTe CKaaH TpA68a Aa H3TH4a 3a caeAHOTO BpeMe:
npe6HO3'bpHeCTH CKanH 3a 18-20 CeK.
cpeAH03bpHeCTH CKanH 3a 20-22 ceK.
eAp03bpHeCTH CKaSH 3a 22-24 CeK.
cMa4KaHH H HanyKaHH CKaJH 3a 24-28 ceK.
BOAOHOCHH XOPH30UTH 3a 30-35 CeK.
Koraro npOMHBKaTa ce ry6H 3Ha4HTenHO, BHCK03HTeT-bT Mo)Ke Aa AOCTHTHe AO TaKHBa
CTOIIHOCTH, 4e H3TN4aHeTo Aa CTaBa 3a 40 CeK.
IIpe3 BpeMe Ha pa6oTa BHCK03HTeTbT TpA68a Aa ce 3aMepBa Ha BCeKH ABa qaca.
3a CreneHTa Ha yTasBaHeTO Ce CbAH OT yTaBBaHeTO Ha rIHHeCTHTe 4aCTHUH 3a 24 4aca.
3a uenTa a eAHH rpaAyHpaH Ha CM3 CTbKaeH UHJIHHAbp ce HannBmT 100 CM3 OT rnHHeCTHA
pa3TBOp. CneA TOBa uHAHHAbpbT ce OCTaBA B noKOn 24 qaca. 11pe3 Tosa pee rOpHHTe
cnoeBe Ha pa3TBOpa 3an04BaT Aa ce H36HCTPAT; OTgHTa ce Ae6enHHaTa Ha H36HCTpeHHA Cnon.
3a HopMaJHa rnHHeCTa npoMHBKa Ae6enHHaTa He TpA68a Aa 6bAe noBeqe or 1-2?/0, a nPH
no-CneUHanHH Cny4aH TpA68a Aa 6bue He noaege OT 1-20/0.
KonOHAaneocTTa Ha pasrsopa ce onpeAeiA eAHH naT Ha 24 4aca.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Bodoomde1ti,re. :, ,
3a onpeaenaae Ha BOAOOTAenaHeTo Haft-4ecro ce ynorpe6HBa npa6opbT Ha A3H14W,
Kogro ce CbCTOH or eAHa McTasra KyTHa, 3amBapsnua ce xepMeTH4ecKH?., Ia a cbeAHHeaa
.nOCpeACTBOM Mapxy4 C eAHa pb4Ha Bb3AyWHa noUna. 3a npennOgHTaHe eMewAY THx ha
HMa H3paBHHreaeH McTaAHVecKH 6anon c BMecmMocT 6 ao 8 JL
B,bpxy peweTbYHOTO McHCAHHHO A"bHO Ha (pYHHATa ce nOcTaBs HanOKpesa 4IHJITbpna
xapTH9,KOsTO Tpa6Ba Aa ce IIPHTHCHe Ao6pe KbMIAMOTO, 3a Aa ce H3roasT BCH'KH uei
xypveTa nOA Hen. B KaMepaTa ce HanDBaT 100 CM3 npegeAeH rnHHecr pa3TBOp C OrHOCH-
'TenHO Terno 1,15. C Bb3AywHaTa noMna ce nOBHHIaBa HaAaraHeTO B KaMepaTa Ha 4)yHHnTa
AO 1 aTM. FIOA 4 yHHHTa Ce nocTaBA rpaAyHpana CTbKAeHH4a. Cm naAaaeTO na nbpBaTa
'xanKa Ce 3aCH4a BpeMeTO. OnarbT npoabaacaaa 30 MHH. HOpMaJIHHHT rAHHeCT paarsop npH
((1HATbp c nOBbpxHOCT 100 CM2 (AHaMeTbp 11,3 cm) Tpa6Ba Aa OTAeAH 3a 30 MHH. 20-25
CM3 BOAa. I1pn Te1KKH reOAOMCKH yCAOBHn 3a 30 MHH. OTAeAeHBTa BOAa He rpa6aa ?Aa 6bAe
noBege OT 3 Ao 5 CM3.
11pe3 BpeMe Ha BOAOOTAeJBHeTO Bbpxy 4)HArbpaara xapTaa ce o6pa3yBa rn wecra KO-
pHH,a, KOBTO e noKa3aTen 3a KOJIOHAHHTe CBOfICTBa Ha rAHHeCTHH pa3TaOp.
KOAKOTo nO-TbHKa H no?nA3THa e rJHHeCTaTa KOpa, TOAKOBa n0-BHCOKO KOAOHAeH H 00-
Ka4ecTBeH e rAHHeCTHBT pa3TBOp. HHCKOKageCTBeHHTe rJIHHeCTH pa3TBOpH AaBaT Ae6eAa H
nOpbO3Ha KOpHgKa.
1'AHHeCTHTe pa3TBOpH, ynOTpe696aHH npH aAKOBO COHAHpaHe, He Tpa6Ba Aa AaBBT KO-
pn'Ka, no-Ae6ena or 2,5-3 MM.
r) OnpeRensiHe Ha Heo6xoAHMoTo KonHyecTBo rJIHHa
3a noayyaBaHe Ha rJHHeCT pa3TBOP
KOAHVecTBOTO cyxa rnnHa 3a nonycasaae Ha rAHHecr pa3TBOP C onpeAeneao OTHOCH-
TenHO rerno ce H34Hcnasa no (popMynara
Tz - Te
KfAeTO . e KOJIH9eCTBOTO rJIHHa B T, Heo6xoAHMO 3a npMCOTBBHeTO Ha I M3 pa3TBOp;
7z - OTHOCHTeAHO TernO Ha rAHHaTa;
Tfp - aceaaHOTO OTHOCHTeAHO Terno Ha rAHHeCTHa pa3reop;
To - OTHOCHTeAHO Terao Ha BOAaTa.
3 a'6 e A e MC K a. 06MKHOBeHO OTHOCHTeAHOTO Terao Ha ranHara Ce KOJIe6ae McMCAy
2,1 H 2,7.
A) npHrOTBSIHe Ha rJIHHeCTH pa3TBOPH
rIpxroTBAHeTo Ha rJHHecTH pa3raopx ce H3BbpuIBa no ABa Ha9HHa: pbgeH H MexaHH-
YeH. O6HKHOBeHO ce, np)IAara p'b'HHaT HagwH.
B AbpaeH HAH MeraJIH4eCKH CI, ce HacxnBa rAKHa H ce 3aJIHBa C BoAa. CAeA A06po
pa3KHCBaae raHHara ce pa36bpKBa c nonara. floay4aaa ce rbcr pa3TBOp, Koftro ce H3nHaa
B yraflHHK n ce Ao6aBe TonKOBa BOAa, 4e pa3THOpbr Aa Ao6He Heo6xOAHMaTa rbcrora.
1 bCTHSIT pa3TBOp, npeAH Aa ce H3nee B yTaftHHKa, Tpa6Ba o6a3arenao Aa ce npeueacga.
IIpH MexaHWIHOTO npHrOTBMHe Ha raHHeCT pa3TBOp ce ynOTpe66Ba rAHH06bpKa9Ka. TH
Ce CbCTOH OT AaMapHHeH uHAHHAbp, B KO11TO e MOHTHpaHa oc, a KbM Hen ca npHKpenenH
nepiH. 3apeMCAaHeTO Ha rJHHO6bpKa4KaTa CTBBa c rJJHHa H BoAa. 3aABHMCBaHeTO Ha OCTa ce
nOCTHra pea ABHraTei nocpeACTBOM peMb4Ho npeAaBane.
3a Aa ce ycicOpH npouecbT Ha pa36Baaae Ha riHHara, raHHo6bpxa4Kara ce 3apexcAa c
rJIHHa, HaKHCHaTa npeABapHTenao BbB BOAa.
Heo6xoAHMOTO pee 3a pa36HBaHe Ha rJIHHaTa e OKOJIO 1,5 Y. O60pOTHTe Ha rJIHHO-
6bpKa4KaTa He Tp516Ba Aa HaAMHHaBaT 60 06/MHH.
11pHroTBeHHfIT pa3TBOp B raKH06bpKaVKaTa e rbCT H 3aTOBa ce pa3pe)KAa C 4HCTa BOAa,
AOKaTo nony4H acenaHaTa rbCrOTa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
e) IIp04HCTBaHe Ha i'JIHHeCTH51 Pa3TBOp
r1oHence no OpeMe Ha coHAHpaneTo rAHHecTHHT pa3TBop ce HaTosapsa C aCTH H or
pa3Apo6eHnTe npH cOHAHpaHero cxaAH, Heo6xoAHMo e Toff Aa ce n04HCTH, 3a Aa Ao6He OT-
HOBO BCHUKH KageCTBa, KOHTO e HMaa. ToBa ce nocTHra 4pe3 CHCTeua OT KaHaaH C AbA-
H(HHa OT 25 Ao 35 M. Te ca pa3AeaeHH C nperpaAH Ha ceKAHn. BCAKa CeKuna e no-HHCxa.
OT npe.BHHIHaTa, 3a Aa MOHce pa3TBOpbT Aa Tege.
Heo6xOAHMo e KaHBAHTC H yTaflHHUHTe 4ecro Aa ce nO4HCTBaT OT waaMa.
B. IIOJICKH H3HHTBAHHSI HA *DH3HKO-MEXAHHqHHTE CBO1CFBA
IIOACKHTe OnHTH 3a onpeAeAHHe Ha 4)H3HKo-MexaHH4HHre CBO#ICTBa Ha CTpOHTeJIHHTe
nO4BH AaoaT B HAKOH CAy4aH nO-TOIIHH noKa3areAH OT Aa6opaTOPHHTe, TO KaTO Te ca pe-
3yJITaT OT TexHHTe CyMapHH H3MeHeHH51 H 04)opMaI1HH B yCJIOBHHTa Ha ecreCTBeHOTO HM
3anHraHe. Te ce npOBexcABT HenocpeAcTBeHO B OCHOBara Ha cbopb)KeHHeTO, H TO B CTaAHH
Ha npOy4BaHe 3a TeXHHqeCKH npOeKT HAH 3a-pa6oTHH 4eprexcH, KoraTO MHCTOTO Ha CbOp-b-
)KeHHeTo e HanbJHO onpeAeJeHo. 3aTOBa BceKH OHHT TpH6Ba Aa OTCOBap$1 Ha OnpeAeAeHa
TexHH4eCKa 3aAa4a, Bb3HHKHaAa B npoueca Ha npoeKTHpaHeTO.
B npaKTHKaTa npH HH)xeHepHoreOAO%KHTe npoy4BaHHA o6HKHOBeno ce npoBe)KAar
rJBBHO ABa BHAa nOACKH OnHTH: OnHTHH HaTOBapBaHH$I B IHaXTH H COHAaKHH npO6HBH H
H3nHTBaHe Ha CTpOHreAHaTa nO4Ba Ha CpH3BaHe. B cneuHaJHH CAy4aH ce npeABH)KAaT n0A-
CKH OnKTH, 3a Aa ce yCTaHOBH H3BeTPHBBHeTO Ha MepreAHH cKaAH, TeMnepaTypHHHT pe)(HM
Ha CTpOHTeAHaTa n04Ba H Ap.
3a nposexcnase Ha onHTHHTe HaTOBapBaHHH B auaxTH e Heo6xOAHM n1aMn (4)Hr. 6-18),
c'bCTOHau ce Or : neTa, nnara(IopMa, TOBap (TeMceCTH), H3%epHTeJHH npH6opH (HHAHKaTOpH),
BpeMeHeH penep H BpeMeHeH nOKpHB HaA OHHTHHH y4acmx. Flo CTaaAapT neraTa TpH6Ba Aa
HMa nnocKOOr 5000 cM2. TH npeAasa TOBapa Ha no4Bara H TpH6Ba Aa 6b11e npaKTH4ecKH
neorbBaeMa. rblaT4)OpMara 3a HaTOBapsale 3aeAHO C BeprHKaAHHH CTbA6 TpH6Ba AecHO Aa
ce ueHTpHpa no OTHoweHHe Ha neTaTa. Te)KeCTHTe TpH6Ba Aa ca C npaBHAHa 4)opMa, 3a Aa
Moral Aa ce nOCTBBHT CHMerpHuHo Bbpxy nAaT4)opMaTa H Aa ca yAo6HH 3a MauHnynauHH,
ocBeH TOBa Te TpH6Ba Aa HMar rOAHMO o6eMHO TerAO (o6HKHoBeHo ca 4yryHeHH OTJIHBKH).
143MepHTeJIHHTe ypeAH TpH6Ba Aa AaBaT TO4HOCT AO 0,01 MM.
3aaunTHHHT noxpHB HaA OHHTHHH yuacrbK npeAna3Ba or AbicA H BHrbp. TO MO)Ke Aa
HaKAOHH yCTpOf1CTBOTO H Aa Cb3Aaae eKCUeHTPH4HH TOBapH.
11.[aMnbT ce HaTOBapBa Ha CTeneHH OT no 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 HAH 2 Kr/cM2. HaTOBap
BaHeTO npoxhamcaBa Ao MOMeHTa, B KOf1To ce nOHBHBa CTpaHH4HO H3rAacKBaHe Ha n04BaTa,
3anOgBa 06pa3yBaHe Ha nyKHaTHHH, cbnpoBoAeHH c pe3KH CKOKOBe B casrBaHeTO HAH rHa-
CTbnBa npOAba)KHTeAHO CIIHCBaHe (CTpeAKaTa Ha HHAHKaTOpa 3an04Ba Aa ce BbpTH neape-
KbCHaTo).
Pe3ya7aTHTe Or npo6HHTe HBTOBapBaHHH ce H306pa3HBaT rp4H4eCKH ((PHr. 6-19) H
no-HaTarbK ce npaBHT caeAHHTe H34HCAeHHII.
1. Flo rpa4HKa ce onpeAeas rpaHHuara Ha npOnopUHOHaJIHOCT Me)KAy caArBaHe H ToBap.
3aKOHbT na XyK B CAyuaH ce H3pa3ABa c 4lopMyaaTa
(6,1) S=c(p-po),
KI,AeTO S e cJSIrBaHe Ha neraTa B CM ;
p - HaroBapBaHe Ha neraTa B KrICM2;
po H c ca napaMerpH, KOHTO ce onpeAeAHT or rpa4)HKa Ha 4)Hr. 6-19 ;
c=ctg a
2. OnpeaeAA ce MOAynbT Ha Ae4)opMauHB Ha crpOHTeAHaTa no4Ba:
P
(6,2) E.ak S , ,
Kb)ero E e MOAyA Ha Ael))OpMauHHTa B Kr/CM2;
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1-M2
k- ? v- ,
KbAeTo k e Koedn uHeHT Ha CTpaHHYHO pa3WHpeHHe Ha CTpOHTeJIHaTa nogaa. 3a nuC6gH ce
P - nuaeH ToBap m neraTa, KOATO npeAHSBMKBa c'wTBerao cauraaHe a. Kr;
S - cauraane B CM ;
a _KopeKUHOHeH KoelpageeHT, KofTO oTgHTa pa3AM4HHTe Ae opMaquH npK H3IHIT-
BaHMH Ha noBapxHOCTTa (B u yp4) H B A-ba6ognHa (a COHABMCeH npo6Ma) ;
k -- Koe(muuHeHT, KoRTo ce onpeAena no 4)opuynara
a
W '
?Hr. 6-18. Cxeua Ha H3nHTBaHe Ha I)Hr. 6-19. rpa4 uK 3a 3aBacM-
cTpoHTeJHaTa no4Ba ypes OIIHTHH HaTO- MoCTra s = t (P) npH OHHTHH
BapaaHHA c ulaMn B myp4oBe HaTOeapaaHHB
CTOfHOCTHTe Ha k n a ca AaAeHH a Ta6JHUa 6-16.
Ta6aHUa 6-16'
Baa Ha
H9nHTaaHeeTo
fowbpxuOCTHo
(a wyP$))
B A1.a6ogHHa
(B coHAaNC)
. 4 Opxa
Ha naTaTa
Paarep Ha
neTaTa a CM'
0,0115
a I
17po6HHre HaTOBapBaHK$ B coHAamcHH npo6HBH C aHaMeTbpp 325 MM te M3BbpWBaT C
utaMn (4)Hr. 6-20) C AHaMeTbp Ha nerara 277 MM (600 cM2). 06pa6oraasero Ha pesyfira-
THTe e AaAeHo no-rope.
203
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Oco6enaa CTOtjnoCT HMa'r onnTHHre HaTOBapMaRHn B MaKpOnopBo3HHTe CTpOHTeaux n09BH
(AboC H JIbOCOBHAHH necb9AHBH rJHHH) 3a onpeAeaa a Ha nponaAaxero HM npH HaMOKpBxe.
Cnopejt 10. MW. A6eaeB xpwTepH1t 3a nponanaxero Ha AboCoBeTe HH Aasa c'boTHoMeHHeTC>
(6,4)
M- S.
S31-S.,
xbAeTq S, e nbrHO casrBaHe Ha neTara cxeA HaMOKpfIHe;
S? - CAarBaHe Ha nerara npeAH HaMOxpaHe.
AKO M > 5 H S3 S? > 3 cm (npx nera c naoiu 5000 cM2), nogBara ce oueHABa
Karo MaKponopboaHa, nponaualua.
OniTHTe Ha Cp93BaHe B nOACKH yCAOBHfI ce npoBeHciar BbpXy MOHOAHTH, H3cegeHH'
HenoCpeACTBeHO B OCHOBaTa Ha Cbopb)KeHHeTO CbC cp66auia nOB1 XHOCT 600 CM2. Ypea6a
3a CpsBBaHe e fOKa3aHa Ha ())Hr. 6-21.
Pe3yATaTHre OT OHHTa ce H3pa3HBaT rpa4na no. 3aBHCHMOCTTa MeacAy BepTHKaJ1H4CI1 TO-
Bap H Cbnpo'rHBAeHHeTO Ha n09Bara cpeiuy CPH3BaHe e npaBa AHHHB (4)Hr. 6-22), 9neTO
ypaBHeHHe e cneAHOTO.
(6,5) 2=c+ptgp,
K'bAeTo T e CPH3BaIiO Hanpelc HHe B Kr/CM2;
C - KoxeHH ;
tg p - xoe4 HuxeHr Ha Tplexe ;
cf --brbJbT, KotTO CK4Ia npaBara c a6cuHcxara oc ;
p _BepTHKaJHO HaTOBaK)9BpeaHe B Kr/cM2.
J'opHara 3aBHCHMOCT MONce Aa 6-bite noay9exa, npH ycaoBHe 9e KOecIHUHeHrbT Ha no-
pHre ? HAH Bna)KHOCTTa w ca nOCTOIIHHH BeJIHgHHH.
T. BOAOHAFHETABAHE
4 HATpauHBTa npH noAnpHlUMTeJIHHTe cbopblceHHK npH onpeAeneH Hanop H THn Ha
Cbopbxceaxe MUCH npeAa BCH4KO OT HanyKaHOCTTa Ha.CKajHara oCHOBa. 143CAe$BaHeTo Ha
nyxHaTHHIfte - KoJ1134eCTBO, npoCrHpaxae, naaeHHe x xapaxrep Ha 3anbAHHreAx, e B3)KHa
3aAaga Ha reoJIora-ilpoy9BareJl.
HanyxaHOCTTa Moxce Aa ce npoy9H Hat-Ao6pe 9pe3 npoxonaBane Ha InaxTH, ranepHH
H AP., KOHTO no3BOAgBaT HenocpeACTBeHO Aa ce H3MepST HelHHTe eaeleHTH. HanpaBara Ha
THa MHHHH H3pa6orKH no ABaTa CKaTa e AecHO ocbuieCTBHMO, HO 3a H3KOna B OCHOBBTa Ha
Cbopb)KeHHeTO e 3aTpyAHeHO HAH ee ocyeTaBa OT BeH36excHHTe BOJ[oMepneHHx H 3amHBaHHA
npH H880AHeHHa. B?peAHua cny9aH 6xno nopaAH paHHHR craAHO Ha npoy9Baxero, 6HAo no-
paAH HHCKaTa KABCa Ha CbOpb)KelHero ce Hanara Aa Ce orpaHH9aBaMe AO Bb3MO)KHHH MH-
HHMyM OT TaxHBa CKbnH MHHHH H3pa6OTKH.
BoAonarHeTsBaHero AaBa Bb3MONCHOCT no eAHH npocr, AeCHO AoCT'bneH H CpaBHHTeAH(>
6bp3 H eBTHH Ha9HH Aa nOJIy9HM 3aAOBOJHTenxa npeACTaBa 3a OTHOCHTejHaTa HanyKaHOCr
Ha CKaJIHTe.
B pe3yirar Ha onxra ce noJly9aBa oTHOCxreJHo BoJOnornbIUaxe, Koero no3BOAlIBa Aa
ce onpeneaH 4)HATpaUHOHHH9T npo4)HA.
OTHOCHTeaHOro BoAonorAbluaHe ce H39HCJIaBa no l)opMynaTa
(7,6)
q=1 Q
[A/MHH/Ml,
K1, MTO Q e BOAHO KOAH9eCTBO B A/MHH ;
H- Ha'nop ;
1 - A%aWHHa Ha H36paHH9 HHTepBaJl OT coHAaeca B M.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
cIHr. 6-20.
CxeMa Ha
niaMn 3a OHHT-
HH HaToBap-
BaHH9 B COH-
I'Hr. 6-21. CxeMa 3a H3nxrsaHe Na CTpOHTeaHaTa nogBa
Ha CpR3sane
a) norAeA orrope; 6) paspes no A-B; s,) paapes no C-D; 1 - rop.
Ha onopxa rpeAa; 2 - Abpeela CroAKa a 0 20-25 cm; 3 - AoMKpaT;
4 - agcrosa croMaxa 5-7 MM; 5 - uyarn; 6 - Meraaxgecxs KorKa;
AaHCHH np0- j - ropxo canAbge; B - AOAHO cmumue; 9 - 6HTyi; 10 - AbpBexx
6HBH nOAAOMntH; 11 -- CagMH; 12 - nenxa1 Ha sa saJRaaHe C Bose;
13 - Hexapyweaa crpoxreaxa nogaa (MoxoaHr); 14 - AOAHa onopa
4Hr. 6-22. rpa4HK Ha 3aBHCHMOCTTa t=f (p)
3 PMP
296
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Koraro BoaoxarHeTABaHeTo ce npoaeicAa npH paanHYeH Hanop H, OTHOCHreaaoTO BOA0-
nornbnlaHe ce H34HCJIHBa no no-CJIOxcHH IpopMyJIH, a BCHKa CTORHOCT Ha H ce HapHqa cre-
neH Ha BOAOHarneTHBaHeTo.
TaKoBa MHorocTeneHHO BOAonarHeTaBaae ce npoBeHCAa B CTaAHH Ha npoygsaHero. ilo
C'bnina Ha4HH ce BoAOHarHeTgBaT H 10-15%% OT McTpaMCa Ha HHNCeKgxoHHaTa 3aaeca x
KOHTponHHTe l4 ApexaHCHxre cOHAaHCH.
fl 4ecrO ynorpe69Baaara npH H3rpa)KAaae Ha 3aBecH MHMCeKHHOH-
I~ym raTo BOAaTa AoCTHra Ao counaxca no rpaBHTa4eH ITT. EaHpape-
MeaHo C TQBa T03H Ha4HH e H Hatt-eBTHH.
3a Cb3AaBaHe Ha HajlflraHero ce H3HOn3yBaT BOAHH nOMflH Half
pe3epBOapH, pa3llonoxceHH Ha AoCTaTb4Ha BHCOgHHa, a npx pe6oTa
cbc - crbCTeH Bb3Ayx - 3aTBOpeHH HanopHH Ka3aHH (BHHAKeceaN).
W,Ow
Haft-Ao6pH pe3yaraTH npH BOAOHaraeTBBaHeTO ce Ap6HBaT, KO-
B6P//1Lrc BoJaTa ce AOBexCAa Ao coHAaxca C TpbrH H MapKy4H c d
e77 1"-2".
BOAHOTO KOZH4eCTBO Ce H3MepBa 4pe3 BOAOMepH HJIH TapnpanH
.
BOAonarHeTHBaHeTo ce H38bpwBa Ha11-MaJIKO' Ha Tpu crenenH.
~~drfJy .Ja vxpannYaaanc na nnICp winIC 3a Hal"HCTBHdHC CC H3IIOJI-
3yBaT CneuxaJIHH TaMnoHamcHH yCTpollCTBa - naKepH (TaMnoax).
Pa3aH4aBaMe naKepH c e uuc qna (06HKHOBeH naicep)' (4)Hr. 6-
231 H C 06p3THa nHoKyaanHY
HarHeTBBa npx HaJC9raxe OT 0,5-1,5 arM. (5 AO 15 M BoaeK,
crbn6). JIIOxcOH npenopb46a 10 arm., a PoxcAecreeacKH 1, 3 H-
5 aTM. HanocaeAlK Bce no-4ecro ce HarueraBa npH HanBrane,
cboTBeTCTByBan(O Ha BOAHHR Hanop Ha 6bAemoTo Cbopb)KeHHe.
}IaraernBaneTO ce 3an04Ba OT H,111-HHCKaTa creneH Ha HaJIH-
raHe, KaTO ce npeMHHaBa KbM no-BHCOKHTe. IIpH HeyaoBAerBo-
pHTeaHH pe3yJTaTH To ce noBrapB no o6pareH I1'bT.
Z11QUV
Up xecHe xa Bcexx nHTepnaa ce BoaoaarneTHBa. 11PH nbpBKH
HaqHH AOJHHTe BoaoHarHeTeHH HHTepBaIIH Tp$l6Ba Aa ce TaMno-
HHpaT C rAHHa HAH Aa ce uHMeHTHfMT
no ABa Meroaa : OTAOJIy Harope-, KorarO C0HAaxcbT Ce npooHBa
OrYEYG Ao n%a ara CH Abjl6o4HHa H oTrope Haaony', Koraro cAeA
4 Hr. 6-23. BOAOHarae- 11pH Bcaxa CTeneH Ha Hanaraxe ce BoaoHarHeTABa, AoKaTo ce
TaTeaeH naKep noay4H CTa6HJIH3HpaHo BOAHO KOJIH4eCTBO, CJIeA KoeTo BOAOHa-
rHeraBaxeTO npoAbaxcaBa 3-4 qaca npH CTa6HAH3auHA. Heo6xo-
AHMOTO Bpeue 3a BOAOHarHeTBBaHe npH AaAeHa CTeneH Ha HaisraHe ce ABH2KH B MHOro
HIHp0KH rpaHHUH - OT 4-5 Ao 30 n noBe4e qaca.
Ho BpeMe Ha BoaonarHeT9BaHeTO norabn(aHOTO BOAHO KOJH4ecrBO ce OT4HTa H 3anHCBa
HenpexbcHaro B cnegxaaeH KapHeT (BHK ra6a. 6-17). OrgerHTe ce npaanT npes pa3JH4HH
HHTepBaJIH Or Bpene B 3aBHCHMOCT or BoaonornblgaHero. TaKa HanpHMep npH caa6o npo-
nyCKJIHBH CKaJH Te ce H3BbpIUBBT npe3 10-15 H noBeqe MHHyTH, a npH CHJIHO nponycK-
nHBH - npes 5, AOpH a 2 MHH.
CaeA 3aBbpWWBaHe Ha BOAOHarHeTRBaHeTO npH n0CaeJHaTa crenen Ha HanaraHe 3a Aa-
AeHHll HHTepBan ce Ha4epTaBa rpa4 nKbT Q=f (H) (4)Hr. 6-24), KbAeTO
Q
QO= 1
,
K'bAeTO I e AbaxcRHa Ha HHTepBana.
Ta3H 3aBHCHMOCT Moxce Aa 6bae: npaBOJIHHe11Ha (1) HJIH KpHBOJHHe118a (2 a 3).
flpH noay'aBaHe Ha KpHBa, Hsmicnaaa HaAoiy (2), O11HTbT Tp96Ba Aa ce HOBTOpH no
nocogeHx8 Beqe Ha4HH. 3a Aa ce nony4H TaKaBa KpHBa,Moxce Aa HMa aBe np H4HHH:
1. HenpaaNJIHo perHcrpapaHe Ha BOAHOTO KoJIH4ecTBo.
2. L eKOAMaTauHH Ha nyKHaTHHHTe.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
O6pa6omka ma pesytmamume
3a H3'HGIeHHKTa Ce HaxowAa oT xapaKTepa Ha 3aBHCIMOCTTa
Qo=f (H)?
I cay'aA - npaaa, xuxaaausa npe3 Ka'Ia wmo ($xr. 6-24, KpHBa 1)
Qo-aH,
,ff
a=Qo =q?
e
kv" ei
ooa
7 t~' -60
y
?Hr. 6-24.
rpa4 HK Ha
3aBHCHMOCTTa
4)Hr. 6-25.
rpat4HK Ha 38BH-
cHMocTTa Ig Q0=
(PHr. 6-26.
rpa4)HK Ha
3aBHCHMOCTTa
HO=f (Q0)
CDHr. 6-27.
rpa4)HK Ha
38BHCHMOCTTa
Q0 -f (Ig H)
II cay4aA - xpuea, u3a6KHaAa Kadony' ($Hr. 6-24, KpHBa 2). KpHBara e Heo6pa6oT-
BaeMa. I7pH Hee'b3MON(HOCT Aa ce noAy4H npaBHJHa 3aBMCHMOCT 3a q, OpHeHTHpo8'b4HO Ce
TlpxeMa Hat-ancoKaTa CTOAHOCT OT TpHTe CTeneHH.
III CAygat - xpuea, u3nsi1. aaa Kawpe ((PHr. 6-24, KpHBa 3).
3aBHcHMocTTa Qo= f (H) Moxce Aa 6%Ae cTeneHHa, napa6oJIH4Ha HJIH aorapHTMHnHa.
a) CTeneHHa (no CMpeKep) IgQo=f(1gH).
AK0 TO4KHTe OT OTAeaHHTC CTenelH Ha 3aBHCHMocrTa Ig Qo= f (IgH) JleacaT Ha eAHa
npaaa (4)Hr. 6-25) H ce cna3ea ycnoBHeTO
Ig H'
1 IgQo -Igq < 2,
K'bAeTO Q,' H H' ca TeKyn(H KoopANHaTH, OTHOCHTeJIHOTO BOAOnOrabuxaHe npeACTaBJIBBa
aHTHJIOrapHrbMa Ha OTce4KaTa OT OpABHaTHaTa OC, KOHTO Ta3H npaaa orcK4a.
6) flapa6ouH4Ha (no JjionIoH)
Ho=.f (Qo) - npaaa ((4Hr. 6-26).
AKO To4KHTe oT oTAenHHTe cTeneHH (Ho, Q0) Ce napeAHT Ha eAHa npaaa, oTHOCxreJl-
HoTO BOAonorA%i axe ce H34HCJIHBa no IpopMyJlaTa
raa+4b - a
q= 2b
KbAero a H b ca napaMeTpH.
fapaMeTbpbT a e OTce4Ka OT OpAHHaTHara oc, KORTO npasara OTCH4a.
napaMeTbpbT b ce onpeAeau no ?opMyaaTa
'/o
B) JIorapHTMHgHa (no AJITOBCKH)
Qo=f (Ig H) - npaaa (4)Hr. 6-27).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
/ypo ~9o=fllgH)c msa~a i~%V1
/~ua9rUeroC~J
YcJOdael< 2
9Qo- 9Q
,V 11=!,0
l9Qo=16y c=0147-
?.~ !q9 4I3
10 00 40 ,sa 0 To /l~W/
Zx4 QZ
i-S
1S*16 5 7
8 ' ' H
oo To 10 JOQn/.~ti
,
SO ~? MO 3 a~f
IS
p7pD~~
X~8
I,0 1,0 ~H Q
4xr. 6-28. 4Hcnek npHMep 3a H3yacn$eaHe Ha orxocerensoro BoAonorn'bulaue
0 1,0 ?,OOH O,S7-192
1K, Aa He MOWS Aa npoHHKHe B ApyrHA. fpo6NBHTe OT BTopa m CJIeA-
saH1HTe nOpeAHOCTH Ce npo6HBaT H HHHCeKTHpaT no cpgAaTa MWy HpeAWeCTByBaI(NTe.
ToBa c6AHACaBaue upoAbancaaa, AOKSTO ce y6eAHM, ve cKaaaTa MemW Kpa*HHTe coHAaHCN?e
ynJrbTHeHa. McTOAbT Ha C6AHxcaBaHe HMa coon oco6eHocrn B 3aBHCNMOCT or 6poa Ha pe-
AoseTe (Cpir. 6--36).
lpH eAHOpeAHa 3aBeca 6poAT Ha COHJ(aHCHTe B onNTeK y'acT?6K, MaKap H B Ilpoe3BOA
CTBeHH YCAOBHA, He rps68a Aa 6bAe no-ManbK or 6-9. MCTOA?bT Ha c6 unica68Ne Hauaanaa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
ab3MONCHOCTra 3a H3TH4aHe Ha pa3TBOp OT eAHH COHAWK B Apyr, cnoMara Aa ce nOBHWW
aaaaraneTO npH caeaBaIuHTe nopeAHOCrH, KbAeTO ce H3non3yBaT H ChOTae THO no-peAKH
pa3TBOpH. fpocaeAHBaHeTO Ha H3MeHeHHeTO Ha MHHyTHHH pa3i0A Ha pa3TBOpa, KOHCH-
cTeHuHHTa My H HajgraHero AaBaT Bb3MO)KHOCT pea McTOAa Ha C6AHxcaBaHe Aa ce H3-
BbpWBa KOHTpoA H Aa ce npoBe)KAa no-HaTaTmK UHMeHTaRHHTa.
2. BHCOKO Ka4ecTBo Ha ynnbTHaBaxe Moice Aa ce nOCTHCHe, KoraTO COHAa)KHTe ce pa3-
AeAAT npH BOAOHarHeTHBaHeTO H UHMeHTauHHTa Ha HHTepBaAH. ATh)NWaaTa Ha HHrepBaaHTe
J
1 8
d J
9 S N 2 t
8 1 4 7
6 17
18 4
11
AF V? 1
CPHr. 6-37. CxeMa 3a no- Ha uHMeHTOBHH KaMbK. flocaeAHHfIT ce npocoHAHpa 3a-
CAeaOBaTeAHOCrra npH HH- eAHo cbC caeABau1HH HHTepBan, KO1TO HenocpeACraeHO Ce
)KeKTHpaHe Ha COHAaNCHHTe BOAOHarHeTHBB H UHMeHTHpa (cnopeA cpwr. 6-37, UHCppnre
npo6HBH no HHTepsanH B oTAHBO). 1.lpoileCbr npoAb.AcaBa, AoKaTO ce AocTHrne ace-
OnHTHHH (pa60THHH) aaHaTa A-ba6o4HHa. McToAbT pOTrope HaAOay" HMa GIeA-
y4acrbK mire npeHMyluecrBa:
1(H4)pHTe OTAABO ce oTHaceT'aa 1. IlpeAoTBpaTHBa Ao roaHMa creneH H3TH4aHHHTa Ha
MeroAa oTrope_ HaAOdy". LUHta- uHMeHTOBO MAHKO Ha noBbpxnocTra npH HH)KeKTHpaHe Ha
pare 0TAaCHO ce oTHacar sa Me-
TOAI OTAOAY Harope-. 1, 11, 111- gT0PHH H CACABaUIHTe HHTCpBaaH B AbA6o4Haa.
.
nopeasocr npH HHBCexTHpaHe Ha 2. 1.103BOnHBa noBHWaBaHe Ha pa60THOTO H KpafHOTO
coHAaHCHTe; 1, 2, 3-20 - nocae- HaaAraHe.
AOBaTeAHOCT npH HHHfeKTBP2He
Ha HHTepBBAHTG 3. 170380AHBa Aa ce yAba6ae 3asecara A0 He06XOAHMara
AbA6o4HHa.
CbLUeCTBeH MOMeHT B noArOTOBKara 3a UHMeHTaUHB e
npon}BaBeTO .Ha HHTepBaxa OT yTafKH H npoMHBaHeTO Ha nyKHaTHHHTe.llbpBaTa 3aAa4a
ce H3BbpniBa C BOAHa npOMHBKa npe3 IuanrOBHH AOCT Ha COHAa)KHaTa ypeA6a HAH o6paTna
IIpOMHBKa AO H36HCTpSHe Ha npOMHBHaTa BOAa. CKaJIHHTe nyKHaTIIHH.ce npoMHBaT pea
HHTeH3HBHO BOAOHarHeTHBaHe. 11oKa3aTen 3a A06bp e4)eKT OT BOAOHarHeTSIBaHeTO e nOBH-
W aBaHeTO Ha BOAOnOrabluaHeTo.
4. 1IOA6opbT Ha nOA%OAHIuH HaraeTaTeauH MaWHHH e Ba)KeH MOMeHr npH OCbIUeCTBH-
BaHeTO Ha KagecTaeHa H CpaBnHTeJIHO eBTHHa npOTHB04IHATpauHOHHa 3aBeca. MOIUHOcTTa Ha
HarHeTaTeJHHTe nOMflH no Ae6Hr H Haa9raHe BAHHe Bbpxy paAHyca Ha pa3npOCTpaHeHHe Ha
pa3TBOpa H Bbpxy HKocTTa H naTTHOCTTa Ha W4MeHTOBH51 KaMbK. Aocera Y Hac ca BbBeAeHH
a ynorpe6aeHne canto HarHeTaTeJHHTe nOMnH THn XeHHI. Te pa6orsr C MaKCHMaAHo HaaH-
raae Ao 42 arM. H MaxcMMaaeH Ae6HT 50 q/biHH. T03H ran nOMfH ca fOAXOAHUIH 3a caa6o-
apOnyCKAHBH Maim, KaKBHTO Ca Te3H npH H30BHpHTe r. j(HMHTpOB",CTaAKH", CTyAeH
KAa)eHeu', ,TonoanHUa', ,KbpA)KagH' H Ap. Te He 6H-xa nOA%oAHIUH 3a CHaaO HanyKaHHTe
KBapUHTH Ha A3. CTyAeHa' H pHOAHTHTe Ha 5I30BHp .B. Konapoa'. B nocaeAHHH cay4a1
GHxa ynOTpe6enn no-BHCOKOAe6HTHH noMnH THn EKM (200 a/MHH H 70 aru.).
5, PewaBaiuo yCAOBHe 3a KageCTBOTO Ha ynabTHHBaHeTO e npaBHAHOTO nQoBe)KAaHe Ha
HarHeTaTeaHHH npouec. 11peABapHTeneH naaH 3a Hero He buonce Aa ce AaAe. ()CHOBHaTa 3a-
Am Ha Ma2CTOpa-HH)KeKTbop e Aa HarHeTH MaKCHMaaHO KOAH4eCTBO pa3TBOp n()H Bb3MO)KHO
Hat-rbCra KOHCHCTeHUHH H MaKCHMaAHO AOnyCTHMO pa60THo HaAHraHe. 3a pbKOBOAHO Hagaao
ce npHeMa cpenxo 5 M. IIpH CHAHO BononponyCKAHBa cKa-
Aa H HHcxoAe6HTHa HR)KeKUHOHHa noMna HHTepBaAHTe Ce
CKbCHBBT Ao 2-3 M, a npH CAa6oBoaonponycKaHBa cKa-
aa - Ao 8-10 H.110-KbcHTe HHTepBaAH OCHrypHBaT nO-BH-
cOKO KageCTBO Ha H3nbAHeHHe. Heo6xOAHMO e npH ToBa
Aa ce OTAeaar 3oHHTe c pa3JHuna?4)HATpaUH9, KaKTO H
CTpHTHTe 30HH H pa3CeAH OT OCTaHaAHH nO-3ana3eH MaCHB.
B TOBa OTHOWeHHe MHOrO BHHMaTeAHO TpB6Ba Aa ce no-
CTbnBa npH yraeHHTe CKaAH, oco6eHo Koraio ce peuy-
BaT nSICb4HHUH H BapOBHUH C MepreJH H AP. CTpeMeNCbT
e no Bb3MONCHOCT pa31H4HHTe naacroBe Aa ce OTAeAHT B
OTAeaHH HHTepBaAH.
nocaenoBareaHOTo COHAHpaHe H HH)KeKTHpaHe Ha OTAeA-
HHTe HHTepBaAH Mo)Ke Aa 6bAe H3nbaHeHo no McTOAa
,OTrope HaAony' (4)Hr. 6-37), UHtppHTe. OTAHBO (HAH OT-
Aoay aarope' (6-37, uH(ppHTe OTAHCHO). T1bpBHHT McTOA
HMa peA npeAHMCTBa npeA BOMB H MaKap 4e B HHKOH
c iy4aH e no-cxbn, TO ce npenop34Ba, 3aWoro OcHrypsBa
no-BHCOKO KageCTBO Ha ynabrHHBaBeTo. Cm uHMeHTa-
iHHra Ha Hat-ropHHTe naaCTOBe ce noay4aBa BTBbpAHBaHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B Toea HaupaBnerne TpR6Ba Aa HR.CAyWH MHHyTHHHT pasxoA Ha pa3Taopa, KoATO MHyse
nHgaB81U0 ce nunraHe Tpa6Ba nOCTORHHO.Aa HauaARBa Ao oTKas ((0ir. 6-,38)* HAK ce HpeA
tiara npeAenno uKMeHTonorabntaHe 0,01 a/MHH. B HawaAOT0 ce 3an09Ba o6HKHoeeNO c paAKa
KoncmcTeHUBH (1 :10-1 : 8) cnopeA Ta6nwwa 6-22, cneA Toga ce cr6CTRBa n rim xpaa Ce
OTHOCHTeAHO BOAO-
OTMOeHTeJHO B0AOno-
norAbn{axe npeAH
Ma9seHa KOHCHCTeHuHa Ha
rAbluaHe npeAH
Teraosso orHOweHae-
HHMeNTIUHHTa,
pa3TBOpa (uHMeIn: BOAC)
UHMeHragsaTa,'
uameHT : fICbjr: saiaa
a MHH
A/MHH
1
1:1:0,7
CpeAHaTa KoHCHCTeHUHH Ha pa3TBOpf ce npxema B 3aBHCHMOCT oT oTHOCHTeIUOTO BOAC
nornbIuane no Ta6AHUa 6-23.
6. BHcoxoTo pa6oTno H KpalRo Hanuraxe npx HH-
]KeKTHpaxe o6HKHOBeHO ocxrypRea BHCOKOKa4eCTBeHo
ynnbTHaeaHe. Onyx cneABa, 9e MaACTOpbT HHHcexrop
Tps6Ba Aa ce CTppeMH Aa pa6oTH C MaKCHMaJHOTo Ao-
Ta6AHUa 6-23
OTHOCHTeAHO BOAO-
norxbwaHe,
A/MHH
CpeAHa KOHCICTCHUM,
aIMCHT : BOAn
1,0
1:1 -1:0,7
44
l,T .w4v
(Par. 6--39. OnpeAenBBe
MaKCHManHOTO AOnyCTHMO
HaARraHe npH EmKexTHpaHe :
I - IuaHrB AOCT ; 2 - 3aKOTBa-
He Ha IMARMOAH AOCT 9pe AK-
McInIpaHe c penep ; 4 - soaO-
HarHeraTeAeH naKep ; 4 - MIAn-
nycTHMO HaJCaraHe npH KOHKpeTRaTa o6cTaHOBKa. B o61uRR CAy4a1 TO He e o npaBOnpO-
nOpuHOHaAxa 3aBHCHMOCT OT pa3CTORHHeTO McHLAy UHMeHTBpBaHHH HHTepBan H nOBbpxHOCTTa
Ha Tepesa. B o6paTHa nOCOKa BJIHRRT H3TH4axnRTa Ha pa3TBOpa. MaKCHManHOTO AonyCTHMO
HanaraHe ce oupeAeAn onwTHO 4pe3 nocTaBRaxe Ha nOA3eMeH penep (4mr. 6-39). To e or
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
0006eHa BaNIHOCT 3a n-bpaHH .HHTepBaJI. Axo 3a nbpBNA HHTepBaa To e 5 aTM., B cJ1 BaniHA
HHTqpean Monte Aa 6bAe nowirHaTO Ha 10 ATM. Cbc oco6eHO BHHMaHHe rpB6BaAa ce OT-
HaCAMe KbM YTaeHMTe CKMH.
flpx OTcbcTBHe Ha OHHTHH AaRHH MoHce.Aa ce H3nOA3yBa Ta6nHUa 6-24.
T a6AHua 6-24
COHAa)KeH npO6H8
KONCHCTHHUHH
MHKCHMHAHO
m
C
O
Xapairep Ha CKHAHT* H OCHONITI
AOn]CTHMO
m
o.
MlffraHe
*
0 m
0 H
Y
0,25 am Ha
YTaeHH cxaJH C XO H3oHTaaHO Hanna-
1 M oT Aba-
1
1
25
1
5
1
0
1
5,
CTAaaHe HAH xOpB30BTaAHH nyKAaTHHH
60gHHaTa Ha
,
,
,
,
coNJ a)Ka
MaCHBHH KPHCTaJHHHH CKaJIH CbC cia-
0,5 aTM. Ha
6a HanyKauOCT
I M OT Abn-
6ovHHara Ha
1
1,50
2,0
1,0
1,5
coHAaxta
3a6eaeHCxa.
CTONHOCTHTe Ha MaKCHMaJIHHTe AOnyCTHMH HangrannA B Ta6nnuara TpA6Ba Aa ce yMHO-
waT c xoe4niw eHTHTe, AaAeHH B uicnaTa Crpana Ha Ta6niuara.
1lpHaararHTe HaJArannA ce KaaCH4)HUHpaT no CAeAUHB HaqHH
aTM.
MHoro HHCKO - < 3
HHCKO - 3-7
cpeAHO - 7-15
BHCOKO - 15-30
MHOrO BHCOKO - > 30
7. N3BeCTHH ca ABa McToAa 3a HarHeTaBaHe Ha pa3TBOPH - UHpKynaUHOHeH H 6e3uHp-
KyJIaUHOHeH. flpH uHPKydaUHOHHHA McTOA B conAa)Ka Ce BKapBaa no-ronAMO Konaaecrso pa3-
TBOp, OTKOJIKOTO nyKHaTHHHTe ca B CbCTOAHHe Aa nOrbJlHaT. 143AHWbKbT cc Bpbiua B Kam,
OTKbAeTO noMnaTa vepnx pa3TBop. fIpH 6e3uapKyJlauHOHHH9 McTOA HHxKeKgHOHHaTa noMna
HarHeTABa TOAKOBa pasTBOp, KOJIKOTO Monte Aa norbJne HHTepBaJbT. CneAOBaTefHO Pa3TBOpbT
T3K ce ABHNCH KbM HarHCTABaHHA HHTepBaan, 6e3 Aa ce Bp?blua.
Be3wipKyAauHOHHHAT McTOA ce npnJara npH COHAa)KH C Aba6o9HHa AO 15 M, none)Ke
Ha no-rOAAMa AbJ60YHHa pa3TBOpbT cc yTanBa.1-10 T03H McTOA cc pa60TH npH roanMO no-
rnbulane Ha pa3TBOp H He e Bb3MO)CHO Aa ce ocbiuecTBH nHpKynauKA. CnopeA 3. 3. AAac
H A. H. MeluepaxoB we ce npeMHHe KbM uHpKynafHOHHHH McTOA, axo MHHyTHHBT pa3xoj
Ha pa3TBopa cnaAHe KbM 15=5 AIMHH. CnopeA CbIUHTe aBTORH KbM UHPKYAallHOHHHA McTOA
MONCe Aa cc npeMHHe HanpaBO, aKO npN BOAOHarHeTABaHe HaisraHeTO ce AHra Ao 2-3 aTM.
8.`Ba)KHo ycAOBHe 3a BNCOKOTO Ka-ieCTBO Ha uHMeHTanHATa a Aa ce OCHry H Henpe-
K'bCHaTOHarHeTABaHe. flpH TOBa e Heo6xOAHMO Aa cc paaan4asaT AN Cay9th. flpH cna6o.
HanyHOHH CKaAH HAH npH CKaAN C MHO)KecTBO TeCHH nyKHaTHHH HarHeTABaHeTO Tp96Ba Aa
Ce nposencAa HenpexbcHaTO, H TO oule OT HagaAoto C AOnyCTHMOTO BHCOKO HanaraHe. C
oco6eao BHHMaHHe TpA6Ba Aa ce noA6Hpa H H3MeH5I KOHCHCTeHUHATa Ha Pa3TBOpa; sa Aa He
ce nOAyyH npe)KAeapeMeHHO 3anynlBane Ha nyKHaTHHHTe,HaMHpannH ce 6AH30 AO coHAa)KIHA
npo6HB, CAeA xoeTo no-HaranmHNTe onaTH 3a ornyluBaneio HM we ce oKa)KaT 6e3pe3yA-
TaTBH. O6HKHOBenO npN TaKHBa CKaaH nOrJbwUaHeTO Ha uHMeHT He npeBHIUaBa 50 Kr/M H
He CbH(eCTByBa OnaCHOCT OT H3AHIHHO H3pa3x0ABane Ha uHMeHT. flpH CKaiH, npece4eHH OT
IHHpQKH H OTBOpeHH HyKHaTHHH HAH C KaBepHH, HarHeTABaHeTO TpA6Ba Aa ce npose)KAa c
npeK'bCBaHHA CAeA BKapBaHe Ha 400-500 Kr uHMeHT Ha AHHeeH McTbp OT HHTepBana. 3a
pasJBiKa'OT nbpBHA cny9af no npaBHJIO TYK ce H3nOA3yBaT rbCTH KOHCHCTeHUHH, pa36Npa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
ce, CuOpeA Bb3MO%HOCTHTe, KQBTO AaBa HH)KeKuNonum.nOMna B TOBa HanpaBaexae. rlpi
xpaTxoTpattm4 npeKbCBaHHA e Heo6xoAHMo Aa ce npOMHAT HHCTAAaUHHTe H Aa ce npOAbA*H
alMeHTanMATa c no-pAAKa KOHCHCTeHUHA.
9. 143TH9aHHATa Ha UHMeHTOB pa3TBOp npe3 cof)[a) H,'nyKHaTBHH HAH ApyrH MecTa ce
oTpa3ABaT He6aaronpHATHO Bbpxy KagecTBOTo Ha ylt bTHHBkHeTO, 3aI1oTO, ocBeH 4e HMa 3a-
ry6a Ha UHMeHT, pa3TBOpbT ce Haco46a,KbM MAC7 &0' Ha ~IsTH98He, HaAnraHeTO naAa H o6-
)UHAT MaCHB OCTaBa HeynAbTHeu. Heo6xoAHMo e Ai to BSeMBT He3a6HBHH MepiH 38 3anyw-
BaHe Ha Mecrara, OTKbAeTO H3TH9a pa3TBOp, c KAHH6be, ooj~IOBHa BbJHa H Ap. UHMeHTOBHAf
pa3raop ce crbCTABa, KaTO ce Ao6aBAT H ycKops7!TAlf.` AkO Team Mepxe ce oKalcaT 6e3pe-
3yATaTHH, HarneTABaneTO Ce CnHpa, a HH1(eKTNpa T HHTepBan ce npxela 3a Heninuo
ueaeH.
10. 17opaAH CKpHTma xapaxrep Ha ynabrrHTeAHHA npouee BalCmo ycAOaxe as npeueH-
Kara Ha KaveCTBOTO Ha' ynAbTHABaHeTOH npaBHnHOTO My ?pbxoaoJteHe e BoAeHeTO Ha no-
Apo6Ha H To4Ha AOKyMeHTaUHA. TA Tpn6Ba A& bAbplca: H3MeHeaHeTo Ha MHHMHA pa3xoA
Ha pa3TBOpa, KOHCHC4eHUHsTa My, HaanraaeTO, npexbcBaHHATa, npounBKHTe, H3T7{4aHHATa Ha
pa3rBopa - Bbo6we BCngKH ABAeHHA, HacrbnNAB no BpeMe Ha HH1(ex1HpaHeTO ((Our. 6'-38).
e) 06pa6OTBaHe H8 HbpHM' 11`a-
AOKYU01itagHA
3a pe3ynTaTHTe OT uHMeHTauHATa Mo)Ke npaBHnHO"Aa Ce cT.AH, axo e BoueHa nrjHa
H T04Ha AOKyMeHrauHn', KaTO AaHAHTe OT Hen CeCHCTeMaTH3HpaT B CaeAHHTe 4epTe)KH H
Ta6AHUH no yuaCrbuH:
1. CHryauHs H Hanpe4HH H HaAAb)KHH HHwcenepHOreoxoN(KH npo4)H11H Ha 3aBecaTa HAM
Ha 4aCTH OT Hen, B KOHTO Aa 6bAaT HaHeceHH coHAaicHHTe np06HBH C 03HauenHA Ha HHTep-
BaaHTe 3a UHMeHTauHA.
2..CxeMaTHgHH p33pe3H no ocra Ha 3asecara C yxa3aHHe no HHTepBaAH 3a OTHOCHTex-
HOrO BOAonorabwaHe, xOAH4eCTBOT0 norbJHar UHMenT,CpeAHara KOHCACTeHUHA Ha pa3TBOpa,
pa60THOTo HaaoraHe, npoueHTa Ha H3BaAeHaTa AM npH COHAHpaHCTO H AP. (4)Hr. 6-40).
3. O6nxa (C6opHa) Ta6aiua 3a OCHOBHHTe nOKa3aTeJH Ha UHMeHTaUHATa no HHTepI2AH
(Ta6n. 6-25).
4. Fpa4)HuH
CHCTeHUHATa my,
(4)Hr. 6-38).
3a xoAa Ha uHMeHTauiATa no HHTepaaan m no BpeMe 3a pa3raopa H KOH-
HaaAraHero, MHHYTHHA H CyMapHNA pa3x0A H KoAN4ecTBOTo cyx aHMeHT
5. 14HweHepHoreoaO)XKa Kapra Ha KOHTpOAHHTe H3KOnHH pa6OTH.
6. Ta6iHUa 3a pe3yaTaTHTe or Aa6oparopHNTe HBHHTBaHHA.
3a6eae)xKH: 1. B CTaAHA Ha onHTnaTa uHMeHTaUHA AOKyMeBTauHATa, onHcaHa
HHTe T04KH,ce AaBa 3a BceKH OnHTeH yuacmic noOTAeJHO. BCH4KH onHTnH yuaCTbuH
HacsT Ha o6Hia CHTyauHA H Ha eAHH paape3 no ocra Ha 3aBecara(4)Hr. 6-40).
B rop-
ce Ha-
2. B npOH3BoacTBeiH yCaOBHA H3,HCK8aHHnTa no T. 4 ce OTHaCAT CaMO 3a no-xapaK-
TepHH cnyuan.
)K) 17,nOIUHa UHMeHTaUHf1 (3a CBpb3Ka)
1.tHMenrauHnra 3a cBpb3Ka ce c'bcTOH B HarHersBaHe Ha uHMeHTOB pa3TBOp B Hat-rop-
HHre naaCTOBe Ha oCHOBara Ha 6eroHHara creHa npe3 CHCTeMa OT HeAbn6OKH npo6HBH. Tom
BHA ulmeHrauHA npeAcTaaaa8a xopH3oaraaHa npOTHBO4)HJTpanHOHaa 3aBeca nog A30BHpHaTa
CreHa HAH cbopbweHHeTo. no Ta3H, npHuHHa nao)uHaTa uHMeHTaUHA npHAaBa BoAoHenpo-
nyCKAHBOCT H 3ApaBHHa Ha OCHOBaTa. r1AOU1HaTa UHMeHTaUHA Howe Aa ce H3BbpWH no HA-
aOro npOTe)KeHHe Ha ci opb)KeHHeTO HAM Ha 4aCT OT Hero.
rIpO6HBHTe Ha naOniHaTa uHMeHTaUHA ce pa3noAaraT B waxUaTeH pea HAH no KBaApaTHa
Mpe)Ka. Pa3CTOAHHeTO Mescuy TAX ce H3MeHA o6HKHOBeHO OT I no 3 M. Abj6ogHHaTa Ha
COHAa)KHTe Ce Bb3np'NeMa Cbo6pa3HO C reoiowxHTe yCAOBHA or 5 Ao 8 H noBe4e McTpa. Te
ce npo6HBaT 06HKHOBeHO C BbauyWHH nHCTOaeTH. KbAero CKaaaTa e no-BOAOnpOnyCKAHBa,
Harpowena H H3Berpnaa, npo6HBHre Ce 3aAbJ6OgaBaaT H AO 15 M, a pa3cTO5JHHero noMeH(Ay
HM ce HaMaAABa KbM AOAHaTa rpaHHUa.
Pa3TBOpbT ce HarHeTABa o6HKHOBeHo npe3 CaOR OT 6eTOH c Ae6eiHHa 2-3 M C oraeA
TOR Aa ce cabpice C OCHOBHaTa CKaaa, 3a Aa ce H36ArHaT H3TH4aHHA H Aa ce npHAOxcH no-
BHCOKO,HaAAraHe. HaasraHeTO Ce H3MeHA OT 0,5-2 aTM, a a cneuNaa" Cay9aH npH no-
rOaAMO noKpHTHe TO Mowe Aa ce nOBHWH.
311
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3) 3aBHCHMYIOCT Me)KAy pa3XOAa Ha uHMeHT H OTHOCHTeJHOTO
BOAOnorJn IuaHe
KoJH9ecTBoTo Ha norbanaTHH UHMeHT e B 3aBHCHMOCT npeAH BCHUKO OT HanyKaHOCTTH
Ha CKBAaTa, CbCTOeHHeTO Ha nyKRaTHHHTe, BHAa H xapaxrepa Ha 3anbnHHTeaa,CKOpocTTa Ha
nOA3eMHH9 HOTOK, KaKTO H OT Ha9HHa H Ma3CTOpCTBOTO Ha H3n'bJIHeHHeTO. PasxoAiT $a
uHMeRT B 3aBHCHMocT OT nanyraHOCrra Ha CKanaTa,' H3pa3eH epe3 OTHOCHTeJHOTO BOAOHO
r rbnlaHe, e KpHBa JIHHH$l, nocTpoeHa OT BHI4J4P1 Bb9 oci a Ha Aujtbr OnHT (4)Hr. 6-41)-
i
lw
0 4d9/23SIMp3S74s13J1y13S1.~6?3Sl,~o
car. 6-41. rpa(pax Ha r3aBHCHMOCTTa
Mee(Ay OTHOCHTeJwoTo BoAonornbluaHe
H norabnlaHeTO Ha fHMeHT
3a CTMAHB Ha NAeeH npOeKT Bb3 OCHOBa Ha oTHOCHrenHOrO BOAOnornbnnaHe no nocoge-
HaTa KpHBa MoHte lla ce onpeaent c H3BecTHO npH6nH)KeHHe KOnnveCTBOTO nornbtuaH uH-
McHT 3a JHHeeH me by OT coHAa)(a.
Bp'b3KaTa Ha 3asecara C 930BHpHaTa CTeHa Ce OCbujecTBHBa nOCpeACTBOM 6eTOHeH 3b6..
COHAa)KHHTe npo6HBH npeMHHasaT npe3 6eTOHHHB 3b6. Toil CJI)CH 3a nporHBOTe)(eCT npH
HarReTABaneTO, KaKTO H 3a npeAOTBpaTHBaHe Ha H3TH9aHHHTa. ,jbn6o9HHaTa Ha 6erOHHH9
3b6 ce onpeAeAH OT Aba6ovHHaTa Ha 3anarane Ha no-caa6HTe CnoeBe, Bb3MOH(HOCTH1e 3a
npoKonaBaHeTO HM H ABAeHH KOHCTPyKTHBHH cbo6pa)CeHHH.
HawHAT OnHT nOKa3a, 've Haft-cna6oro MHCTO Ha npOTHB04)HaTpaunoHHHA KOHTyP e
KOHTaKT'bT Me)KAy 6eTOHHHA 37.6 H 3aBecaTa. B Ta3H 3OHa 3aBecaTa Tps6Ba Aa ce pa3uulpH,.
KaTO ce nOCTaBHT owe ej1HH HAH HHKOAKO peAa COHAaHCH (4)mr. 6-42).
3. LWMEHTA11HS1 11PH CTPONTEJICTBOTO HA XHaPOTEXHHEIECKH TYHEJIH
B 3aBHCHMOCT OT HHB(eHepHoreoao)KKHTe H xHAporeono)KKHTe yCJOBHH B CKBAHHTe Ma-
CHBH, B KOHTO ce H3rpa)KAaT TyHeJHTe,_H ueiTa Ha uHMeHTauHHTa, TH Mo)Ke Aa ce npoaeAe
n0 CJIeAHHTe McTOAH :
1. AKO XHApOTeXHHYeCKHHT TyHea e CbC CB060AHO BOAHO HHBO HAH e cAa60HanopeH, a
cKanaTa e MOHOAHTHa, cna6o BoAonponycKAHBa, C He3Ha'HTeneH nAaHHHCKH HaTHCK, ynnbT-
HHTeAHHTe pa6OTH ce OrpaHH9aBaT CbC 3anbaBaHe Ha npa3HHHHTe Me)(Ay 06JIHUOBKaTa H
cKaAaTa. O6pa3yBaHeTO Ha npa3HHHHTe,e HeH36eH(HO, oco6eao B CBOAOBaTa %aCT, KbAeTO
Ce c-bcpeAOTOYaBa uHMeHTauHHTa. TH ce npOBeacAa npe3 McTaJHH Tpb6H, nOCTBBeHH B 06AH-
uoexaTa HAH npe3 nep4)opaTOpHH npo6HBH Ha pa3croaHHe 2-4 M C AaaMeTbp OT 38-50 MM.
HpaKTHKaTa Y HaC HaJOH(H Aa He.ce nOCTaBHT npeABapHTenHO Tpb6H B o6JIHUoBKaTa, a
Aa ce 3aMeHHT c nep(poparopHH npo6HBH no cieAHHTe npn9NHH. Ha nbpBO MHCTO He e
Bb3MOH(HO npeABapHTenHO Aa ce OnpeAeJIH npaBHnHO )B3CTOHHHQTO Me)KAy rpb6HTe. B cnyvail
9e ce?OHa)xaT H3JHWHH HHKOH npo6HBH, TO Te ce H3oCTaBHT, KaTO ce peaJIH3HpaT HKOHOMHH.
rIpeABapMTenaoTo nOCTaBHHe Ha Tp7,6H B 06AHUOBKaTa Cb3AaBa 3aTpyAHeHHH npH H3AHBaue
ff*flI 49
1111111
s *WR
}
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ha 6eTOaa. ~OcBew H36poeiwre HeAocTambulr, xaTO'ce HMa npeAUHx m croftacrra Ha Tpb6*Te,.
e acHo, 9e He e HKOHOMH9eCKH H3rOAHO Aa ce nOCTHBAT npeABapHTlSK90 tp'b6n B 06AMg0H 1`a.
HarHeraTeanHAT Map.y9 Horace Aa ce 3anpeln B npe6Hea? Hall-CHrypno c'nanepao
yclpoacTBO. npeAH Aa aanogae' unaaenauwIITB, npo6HBaT ce a3MHBa ctapalenno C BOAR.
nbpno ce uHMenmpaT npO6HBHTe, .eHcaaux aaA-HHCKO, x nocTeneano ce CTHra AO Ka1o90-
BHTe nPO6HBH. HarHeTslBaHero B AaAea COHAanC npOA'bnHCaBa AO OTKA3 Han AO H3THgaae Ha
pa3TBOpa B c'bcej[eH npo6HB, caeA KoeTo HarHeraBa6HHT npo6ne ce 3anywaa H 3ano9Ba Ha-
rHeTaBaaeTo B CbceAHHB no XOpH3OHta np06HB. OcTaHaJHTe npo6HBH oCTasaT OTBopeHH.
(.x' K
26 o,:5 024 23 072 027 0 0 o2 02 02 073
O58 P .048 47 A o4' 041 .47 0A? 047 00
, I-0 -0 -0J,~7 --dfs ?-
o .28 o' -V o'er .72 e v 0,74 07S r 07
0'7 0 o 06 o 8 o 21 .11
11
HO AUM
RLt~dH17//l71 5i lr Y/7 ~/fl'I W
t nr. 6-43. CxeMa 3a HHHCeKTHpaHe Ha TyaeaeH yuacTbK 25-30 M no McTOAa Ha
peAoBe?
3a trsper eran coiAaiCHHTe npo6H r ca c veTHa Honepa, a as grope eran - e He'leToN Honepa;
I, II, III, IV H V - HOrepa Ha peAOeere
YnoTpe69BaT ce uHMeHTonnc-bvnn pa3TBOpH, H3MeHHIUH ce B wnpoicH rpaHH'uH cnopex
MHHyTHHA pa3x0A' 07 1 : 3 : 1 (uHMenT : nsic g : BOAa) Ao 1 : 7 (nnmenT : BoAa). L[HMeHto-
nHcbVHHTe pasTBOpH ce npHnaraT B MecTa, KbAeTO HMa no-BHCOKO nnMelrronornbwaHe. OcBeH
TOBa B TaK'BB Cny9aH npo6HHHTe ce yA'bx6aBaT H pa3nonaral nO-rbcTO, a Hajaraaero ce
nosawaBa.
2. IIpH BHCOKOHanOpHH xHApoTexHHVecKH TyneJH,MHHasawH npeacpaBHHTefHO HanYKBHa
H BoAonponycxJHBa cKana C npoAaa Ha niaHHaCKH HaTHCK, WIMeHTauHATa ce npoaeacAa Ha
ABa eTana. 3aAagaTa Ha nbpBHa OT TAx e Aa ce H3nbnHHT npa3HHHHTe Me)KAy o6&HUOBKaTa
H cxanaTa. Ynorpe6AHa ce IMMeHTOInAC'bgeu pa3TBOp ICaKTO B T. 1.
BTOpHAT elan Ce npoae)KAa caeA BTnbpASlBaHe Ha pa3THopa, Hal-HeTen npe3 nbpBHA.
elan. C UHMeHTaUHATa npe3 BropHA eran ce uenH Aa ce yna'bTIH H 3a3ApHBH cKaaaT'a Ha
HCeaaHaTa AT+A6o naa, KaTO no T03H HaqHH TA ce CB1,p3Ba c 06JHUOBKaTa H cnonara 3a noe-
Mane Ha BbHIIIHH H BbTpewHH HaTOBapBauHH.
Pa3CTOAHHero Me)KAy COHABncHTe Bapupa OT 2 AO 6 M. Tona pa3CTOAHHe MOHCe
npHeMe no CreneHTa Ha Bna)KHOCT Ha 06JHUOBKaTa, a HMeHHo:
npH Moapa o6iHUOBKa Ao 1,5 M
npH Bnaacaa 06RHUOBKa 2,0 M
npH cyxa o6aHuoBKa 2,5 M H nosege
A-bn6o9HHara Ha npo6HBHre o6HKHOBeao e 2-4 M, a B no-Cno)KHa reoao)KKa o6CTaHOBKa
AG 10 H noneve McTpa. TK Tpa6Ba Aa ce onpeAeis 3a BceKH no.TpyueH o6eKT Talca, we Aa
6bAe HKOHOMH4eCKH naroAHO. TyK Tps6Ba Aa Ce B3enaT npeABHA KaKTo CTONHocTTa Ha HH-
HCeKUHOHHHTe pa6OTH, TexHHHT e4)eKT no OTHOweHHe 3a3ApaB9BBHeTO Ha cKajHHA MacnB,
noBHwasaHeTO Ha enaCTHgHHH My OTnOp K H HaMaJABaHeTO Ha CpnaTpauHHTa, TaKa H CTOn-
HoCTTa Ha o6aHUOBKaTB H HCene3OTOpKpeTa H Ap.
KOHCHCTeHUHATB Ha UHMeHTOBHA pa3TBOp ce H3MeHH OT 1:7 Ao 1:0,7 (I[HMeHT:BoAa),
Tb11 KaTO ueaTa e Aa ce 3aTaMnonHpaT H Haft-4)HHHTe, nyKHaTHHH.
1'OAe.MHHaTa Ha pa6OTHOTO H KpafHOTO HaJAraHe 3a nbpBHH eran o6HKHOBeHO He HaA-
BHwasa 5-6 aTM., a 3a BTOpHH eran 10-12 an.
focaeAOBaTenHOCTTa Ha HHnceKTHpaHeTO B OTAenHHTe COHAa)KH ce AaBa BbB Cnry-
pa 6-43.
CbweCTByBa H Apyr Me-OA Ha C6rHsceHHe,' npHIo)aCHM 3a ryHenHH y+lacrl.ua, Abnrn or
25 Ao 30 M (4)Hr. 6-44). npH Hero MerOAbr Ha c6nH aceaae ce npnaara rrbpso B OTAeaaare
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
npbcreHH, a caeA rOBa H McH(Ay TBx. He Mowe Aa ce KaNCe Koft OT ABaTa McTOAB e no-
AO6bp. sbAeluHTe OnHTH we noKawaT TOBa.
nbpBHUT elan Ha HHHCeKTHpaHe ce H3sbpwBa c PHeBMaTHQHH nOMIIH (eABOKaMepHa
TopIpeTHa nopna) H cacao npH cAa6o HanyKaHa cKana npH BTOpHS eran ce H3nonaysa 6y-
R l ~ Z' A s f 7/. ~! / X.1 ~L ~? r ~i H O~/ f (7L Y~ O
44Hr. 6-44. CxeMa 3a HHHCeKrHpaHe Ha TyHeneu ygaerbK 25-30 M no MeroJ[a
.Ha c6nHHCeMe?
TaaHa Ham Meu6paHHa noMna. Y Hac HenpaBHnno ce ynOTpe6ABaT HHHCeKUHOHHHTe noMnH
THn XeHH" 3a CHAHO BOAOnpOIIyCKJIHBH cKaAH (pHOnHT, MpaMOp, BapOBHK H Ap.). Te ca
MaAKOAe6HTHH H C T8x ce noJly9asa cna6 UHMeHTOB KaMbK.
3. UHMeHTaUHHTa cc npnaara 3a H30JHpaHe Ha 3a6oH OT npHTOKa Ha soda npn npOKo.
naBaHe Ha TyleaH B CHAHO o6BoAHeHH ygacTbuH. B Te3H Cny4aH cc nposencAa npeABapH-
TenHa uHMenTausa Ha 3b6a npe3 COHAa)KHH npo6HBH, KOHTO ca yCHOpeAHH, paAHannH H Be-
TpHA0o6paaHH no oTHomelHe Ha TyHeAHaTa oc. CAeA uHMeHTauHHTa ce npoKonaBa y9aCTbK
C AbnllcHHa 70-80%/p OT ynJrbTHeHaTa cxaaa, a OCTaHaaaTa YaCT OCTaBa KaTO TBMIIOH 3a
moBa UHMeHTaUHA. Te3H onepauHH ce peAyBaT, AOKaTO ce npeMHHe 06BOAHeHHBT y4ac bK.
nocogeHHSIT McTOA Ha pa60Ta e CKbn, Ho ce npenopb'Ba npH nocogeHHre ycJIoBHa. Ton ce
npmara H npH npOKOnaBane Ha WaXTH B TeXCKH reofOHCKH yCJIOBHA.
rnnHH3auHaTa ce CbCTOH B HarHeTBBaHe Ha pa3rBOp oT necb9JIHsa CAHHa npe3 CHCreua
4T COHAa)CHH npO6HBH B HanyKaHa, BoAonponycKJHBa cKana no onpeAeneH peA H HaAAraHe
C Ilea Aa ce-3anbnHBT nyKHaTHHHTe H Aa ce o6pa3yBa nporwao pHATpaaHOHHa 3aBeca.
rnHHeCTHAT pa3TBOp, KaTO HaBJIH3a B CKaAHHTe nyKHaTHHH, 3an04Ba.Aa cc yTawaa
BCAeACTBHe HaManBBaHe Ha HaA9raHeTO, a OTTaM H HaCKOpoCTTa Ha ABHHCeHHe. no T03H
Ha9HH TOR 3anuBa 9acT OT nyKHaTHHHTe H Cb3AaBa AonbJIHHTeAHO CbnpOTHBneHHe Ha ABH-
)xeluHA cc pa3TBop. npeA H 3aA TaKa o6pa3yBanaTa nperpaAa B nyKHaTHHHTe Cc c7.3AaBa
pa3JHKa B HajsrHHeTO, T. e. CB3AaBar cc yCAOBHS 3a npeMHHaBane npe3 nperpaAaTa na BOAa,
KORTO BbBAH9a Cbc ce6e CH nOA HaagraHe neCbgAHBH H rJHHeCTH YaCTHYKH.TaKa TaMnoHbT
noCTeneHHO cc ynnbTHABa H cc CTHra AO 3Ha9HTeJIHO HaManHBaHe Ha C?HATpauHHTa. B Cb-
IIjOTO BpeMe rnHHeCTHAT pa3TBop, KOfTO e npOHHKHan 3aA nperpaAara npeAn o6pa3yBaHeTo
}C, ocTaBa MaJIKO ynJmTHeH. OT Ka3aHoro aocera cc BHHCAa, ke e He06xOAHMO :
1. A a ce pa6orH C MaKcHMaAHoTo AOnycTHMO HanHraHe.
2. A a ce nOAAbpHCa TOBa HaAHraHe H3BeCTHO BpeMe, CAeA Karo cc AOCTHrHe MHHHMBAHO
noramHtane (OTKa3) Ha pasrBOpa, 3a Aa ce ocnrypH Heo6xOAHMOTO H3CTHCKBase Ha BOAaTa
OT pa3rBOpa H npecosaHe Ha rAHHecTHH 3anbJIHHTen.
3. A a ce ynOTpe6ABaT B H3BeCTHH HHTepBanH OT BpeMe BeuiecrBa, yCKOpABaUW yTaB-
BaHeTO Ha paaTBopa (KoaryaaHTH).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
a. 11puaoxceHHe Ha rmnH3auHf Ta
raHHHSaUHATa ce npHnara s xHApOTexHHgeCKOTO crponreJcTBO B CAeAHHTe enygax, Ko-
raTo e Heo6xoAHMo AS ce noc?HrHe caMO ynn.THRBaHe Ha CKBnara, Ba AS ce H3rpaAH npo-
TABO4)HITpanHoHHa SaBeca
1. nPH CIMHO arpecHBHH 80AH, Ha KOBTO He MOraT AS yCTORT AOpH CnenHaAHH BHJ[OBe
UBMeHT..TIHncaTa Ha TMKHBa BHAoseuHMeHT y sac Hanara AS ce pa3y4H no-ocHOBHO rBB-
HH3aUHBTa, 3a AS NOHCe AS ce BHeApHBa no-wHpoKO B HaweTo BHCOKOnAaHHHCKO CTpowTeactao.
2. npH CHAHO HanyKaHH H OKapCTeHH cxa.H. MAeTo H3nO33yBaHeTO Ha uIMeNT H
ApyrH ynAbTHHTeAHH MBTepH8JIH HKOHOMHgeCKH He e uenecbo6pasHo.
fAHHHaauHaTa MOHCe AS 6bAe c nOCTOHHHO H BpeMekno npeAH83nageHHe. BpeMeHHaTa
rAHHH3aUHH ce H3nOn3yBa,3a HenpoAbnHCHTeneH nepHOA 0T Bpeue, HBnpHMep npH rAHHHSa-
UHATa Ha OCHOBHTe Ha BpeMeHHHTe 6eHTOBe, npH npOKOnaBaHe Ha A-bJ6OKH H3KOHH H AP.
1'13rpaHCAaHe Ha nocTOAHHa npOTHBo4)HArpauHOnHa 3aBeca nOA xHApoTexHHgeCKO CbOpb-
xceHHe 4pe3 rAHHH38UHR ce AOnyCKa, aKo KOHCTpyKUHHTa H yCAOBHHTa Ha eKCnAOBTaUHH Ha
CTeHaTa n03BOnaaaT rJHHH3aUH9Ta Aa ce nOBTopH npH OTCJ1a6BaHe Ha Ae11CTBHeTo A c Te'e-
HHe Ha BpeMeTO.
Karo ce HM8 npeABHA, ge B 3aBHCHMOCT or HBnopHHH rpaAHeHT rJHneCTHHT 3an-biHHTe.
C TegeHHe Ha BpeMeTO Mo)Ke AS 6bie H3HeceH OT BOAHHTe TOKOBe noa cbopb)KeHHeTO HAH B
o6xoA Ha Hero, ce npenopbvBa rAHHH3auHaTa Aa ce npHnara npH H3rpawAaHe Ha 6peroBn sa-
Becn (H3BbH o6cera Ha B3OBHpRBTa CTeHa) HAH nOA H3oBHpnH CTeHH C Hanop 20-25 M. Ta3H
rpaHHUa e B 3aBHCHMOCT OT wHpHHBTa Ha 3aBecaTa B 3oHaTa Ha HaA-roneMHH HanopeH rpaAHeHT.
T1pHaoHCemHeTO Ha rJIHHH3auH5ITa B cKaJH C Te4au[a noA3eMHa BoAa Tps168a AS ce ycra-
HOBH Bb8 BCeKH OTAeaeH cayga11 011HTHO. Tom HoMeHT OT OHHTHaTa rJHHH3auHH e OT OCO-
6eHO 3HageHHe H Tps6Ba AS My Ce o6pbuta Heo6xOAHMOTO BHHMBHHe.
6. KaqeCTBO Ha MaTepHaJHTe, ynOTpe69HaHH npH rAHHH3auHHTa
KagecTBaTa H rOAHOCTTa Ha nec-bgAHBaTa rAHHa x rJHHeCTHTe pa3TBOpH, KaKTO H BHAbT
H KOAHgeCTBOTO Ha HeO6xOAHMHTe KoarynaHTH sa rJHHH3auH)I Tpu6Ba Aa ce yCTaHOBHT npeA-
BapHTeJHO no na6opaTopeH n'bT. Heo6xoAHMo e AS ce H36bpwaT caeAHHTe onpeuenefHH.
1) 3bpHOMeTpHgeH cbcTaB;
2) eCTeCTBeHa Baa)KHOCT;
3) o6eMHo Terao ;
4) naacTHuHOCr (no ATep6epr).
1, KounpecuoHHHre KpHBH sa pa3TBOpHTe c nbpBOHaganna BAa1CHOCT 200%/a (no Terao),
3a HaJBraHe OT 0 Ao rpaHHuHOTO, Ha6eJHSaHo 3a rJHHH3aiHRTa.
2. KpHBHTe Ha CBHBaHe 3a pa3TBOpH c nbpBOnaganaa Bna)KHOCT 200/Q (no TerAo) npH
nOCTOHHeH TOBap OT 5 xrJcu2 AO HaroBapBaHe, OTroBaprluo Ha Ha6ein3aaoro rpaHHNHO Ha-
AaraHe npH rAHHH3auHHTa.
3. Koe(pHUBeHT Ha 4HATpagH6 3a aa6opaTOpHH 06pa3uH, nonygegH npH HalsiraHe OT
5 Kr/CM2 AO rpaHHYHOTO, Ha6eagaaHo 3a rnHHH3auH9Ta.
Heb6xoAHMo e npH H3CAeABaHHHTa Ha rAHHeCTHTe pa3TBOpH AS ce npH6aBAT KoaryiaHTH
KaTO KanuxeB AByxdopHA, KanuHeBa OCHOBa, HaTpHeB CHAHKOC)JCyopHT H Ap. H1H nbK BOAHO
CrbKJIO, Koero AeICTByBa AxcneprHpauxO. 3a AS ce onpeAernT HeO6xOAHMHTe KOrHgecrRa
npH npeABapHTeJHHTe npecMATaHH)C, ce npxeMa, qe pa3XOAbT Ha KaJUHeB AByxAOpIA e or
3 Ao 5%, a Ha BOAHOTO CTbKAO 3% OT KonH9eCTBOTO Ha H'b3AyWHO cyxaTa rJHHa.
3a rnHHH3auHA ce npenopbgsa AS Ce H3nOn3yBBT neCbgnnBH rJJHHH C gHCAO Ha naa-
CTHgHOCT OT 10 Ao 20, cbAbpacauIH naC'bK (0,25-0,05 MM) OT 4 Ao 6D/0; npaxoBH gacTHUH
(0,05 - 0,005 MM) or 70 Ao 755%/p H rAHHecTH gaCTHUR (< 0,005 MM) He no-MSAK0 OT 20%.
Axo ca Hanuue ABa HAH noBege BHAOBe necbgnHBH rnHHH C pa3nHgeH npOH3XOA, KOHTO OTro-
Bap)IT B eAHa HAH Apyra CTeneH Ha rOpHHTe H3HCKBaHHH, TO H36OpbT no-HaTaTbK rpsl6sa
AS ce OCHOBaBa Ha H3cneABaHHATa 3a rnHHeCTHTe pa3TBOpH. 143nOn3yBaHeTO Ha nOCTHH rnHHH
C nO-BHCOKO C-bAbp1CaHHe Ha IHCbK He e AonycrHMO, rafKaTO Te AaBaT HeAOCTaTbgHO nab-
TeH 3anbnHHTea H AonpHuaCS)T 3a 6bp30 H3xa6HBaHe Ha 6yranara H ApyrH 9acTH Ha noM-
nHTe. TnbcTHTe rAHHH Chino He ca 3a npenopbgBane, Tb11 Karo pa3TBOpbT HM TPYAHO Or-
AaBa soAara, a nOnyveHHHT 3anbnHHTen e HecTa6HneH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B. EaeMeHTH Ha npoTHBO(PHJITpaUHOHHaTa aaBeca
11poTHBo4)HnTpaufOHHaTa 3aBeca, OCbn(eCTBCHa no McTOAa Ha rJIHHH3aUHaTa, ce Hs-
rpa)xAa npe3 COHAa)KHH npO6HBH, pa3nonoxceHH Hal-ManKO B ABa peaa. 17pu BceKH CJIy4al
TPHpeAHaTa 3aBeCa e no-nJr6THa H nO-wHpOKa. a OTTBM H n0-nOCTOAHHa, Ho ecreCTBeHO H
no-Cana. B CTBAHH Ha TexHM4eCKHa npoeKT eneMeHTHTe Ha npoTHBo4)HnrpauuoHHBTa 3aBeca
ce onpeAeinr no OnNTeH nbr Hal-MaJIICO Ha TPH OIIHTHH y9aCT wa - B Texcxi, CpeAHH N
nexn reOAQ*KH yCJOBHH. CbIuHTe eaeMearu ce.onpeAedar ofue no-KoHKpeTHo,3a Bce&M yVd-
?CTbKnpH CaMOTO M3nbnHeHNe B MAIM Ha pa6oTHHTe 9eprexcH.
AOKaTO Te3H BeJHYMMH Ce yCTaHOBBBaT B OHHTHH HJIH npoHaaoACreenn yCAOBNa,.38
.CTaAMa Ha Hjle4 us npoeKT pa3CroaHa 1'a4Me)Kay peAOBere yH! COHAaMClTe .B Tax ; Moral A8
Ce npHeuar 8 34SHCHMOCT OT OTHOCHTe, H07'O . ao) onornbn[8He'no Ta6JIHua 6-26.
YCAfMBO OTNOCareAHO BOAOno-
I PaacroQxxe Me)cpy counaacn-
Te, M
I PasCTonxee weucay ,cpalHTe
If . peAwe. M
0,1
1,5
.0,1-1
2,0
1-5
2,5
5-10
3,0
>10
4,0
Abn6ogHHaTa Ha
caygal OTAeaHO,KaTO
3a IISOBHPHH CTeHH
0,5 H Ao H.
npoTHBOCpHJITpauHOHHBTa 3aBeca cc onpeAena 3a BceKH KoEKpeTeH
ce cna3a8T npHHUHnHwre n?noNCeHu , noc09eHH nPH uHMeKTafH3Ta.
c nanop H ao 25 M Tall Abn6o9HHa Moxce A8 ce npneMe OT
r. I1poBeHCUaHe Ha rneHH3auHHTa
3a KpaTKOCT TYK n(e ce pa3rneuaT caMO Te3H oc06eHOCTH Ha rAHHH3awlara, no KOBTO
TH ce pa3iHYasa Or aHMeHTaumgTa.
flpexbcaaHHaTa B HarneTaTeJ afH nponec npH raNHH3auH9ra He Ce OTpa3NuT He6naro-
npHHTHO Bbpxy Ka9eCTBOTO Ha yw bTHHBaHeTO, HanpOTHB, Te Ca )KenaTeaUH, 3a Aa ce AaAe
Bb3MOMcHOCT Ha rJHHeCTHH pa3TBOp Aa ce yTBH. npe3 BpeMe Ha npeCTOHTe cbc cwtera Itea
ce HarHeTHBa pasraop OT KanuneB AByxnOpHA HAH Apyr Koarynanr.
11oKa3areaH 3a KOHCHCTeHUHSTa Ha rJIHHeCTHs Pa3TBOp Ca oTHOCKreXHOTO My Terao
(KoeTO CbBnaAa c o6eMHOTO Term) H BHCKOsuTerbT My. OT ABaTa noK83arena no-Ao6bp e
BHCKoBHTeTbT, 38IUOTO TOR AaBa o6pa6OTBaeMOCTTa Ha pa3TBOpa, HO Tbl KBTo cbcuecTByBa-
luHTe BHCK03HMeTpH Ca no-Hen0Ax0AuIUH 3a nOACKH ycaoBHa, e UPHeTO Aa ce HBnoJlagBa
OTHOCHTeJIHOTO My TerJIO. B Ha4aJOTO Ha rJHHH3auHHTa HagaaHaTa cOHCHCTeHumn Ha, FAHHe-
CTHa pa3TBOp 3a BceKH HHTepBan cc OnpeAena B 3aBHCHMOCT OT OTHOCHTeanoTo BoAonornb-
lua He Ha CKanaTa npeaH rJIHHH3auHHTa no Ta6nuua 6-27.
5,00
1,5 H noaeve
Ma)CCHMaaHO aonycruMO Hanarane npH rnnHH3auHHTa ce onpeAeau no CbIUHH Ha'NH
KaKTO npH uHMenrauxara. 3a pa3JIHKa OT HeH noBHlnaBanero Ha Hanaraaero B Abaft' Ha
TYK Tpa6Ba Aa ce H3B'bpUlBa MHOrO no?BHHMarenxo, raft Karo npH raHHH3aUHHTa He ce?no-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
. iy!iaaa aaajfpaaaui ue pa cWire ao: wa o a .vTCOpe H y?. B .TpiIH..qKpuC;bJi?)TpH. yxHH-
aauHaTa..e Heg6xo IMO Aa.,Ce,iipQSej{aT,.onaj'H as OppRa[enpt+e ea,? P~aCMW HPTO?J9~PWffiT~iMo
HaJaraBe H AS ce UOCT BHT nOAaeMHH,;KQfrjpoapH pcnepil?np", ,pa ,
rnxerapitaa 3H r~a6.aloJ,tawlae,Ha eae ya 1#aaAaw lit A
XH ececsaT cbci gy,fs spy~ara He.*We ,ua ltaq@I TO a,.Ha, PlfiyeaCrlla ,.app7n lateJl.
1lpl ranmiaania CaeA noxyvasane oa,4e-i+cs3., ~pa,,;aceKx., a . KPA MA1iCH-
1Maaao HaAnrpHe rpa6sa,. Aa ace mf*tbpxca : a no 4a c pie ,, pa He ; :A M31pKO~, o r, 2, ii.,. ,aa AS
,ce oTAeAH BKapaHara BOAR B nyIcH$THHHre H Aa ce npeCOHaT axapMwrq r a TH MVT *JIH
A. Pa3xoA Ha HarHeTeHHA MaTepHaJi
KoaHgeCTBOTO Ha HarneT aHsI aiaTepua i. 3d=ca' OT HanyxaHoCTTa Ha. cKanaTS, OT ' Haaa-
raHeTO H OT HOHCHCTeHUHaTB Ha paaraopa. To ce onpeaena no onHTeu nbT. 3a npeABapH-
'TeAHH npecMnTaHHa Ha paaxoAS, Ha rAHHecfua pasrsop MO)KeM Aa ce p'Licoao iu.OT:OTHOCH-
TeAHoTo Bo) onora bu aae ma cHaAHTe..(ra6a.. 6-28).
YCAO.NO OTHOCNTBAHO BOAonorabn a-
OTHOCWMJMO TerAO Na rANNe-
norJrbu(aHe Ha rANNecT pas-
He upeAN
rAaxgaau.ITI, A/MNN
CTNS pasTBOp. T/M3
TBOp. A/M couaesc
5,0
OT 1,5 uo,B1aa$Q*$OT0, UP94eaep
3000
5. c HKA' 13AUHSl
CHAHKarxaauHara ce aaKAlbgaBa B TOBa, qe a HeCb9AHBHa aiH CKSAHHR rpyaT nocAeAo-
BaTeJiHO ce HarHeTsBaT npes CHCTeMa OT Tpb6H ABa XHMHgecKx paaTBopa - BOAHO GTKA0 H
KanuHes ABy7UlopIA. B pe3yaTaT Ha B3aHMoAelcTBHeTo McHCAy Te3H pa3TBOpH ce:oTAeas rea
Ha CHJ1HUHe3aTa KHCeAana, KOf1TO 3anbABa nopaTe, nyiHaTHHNTe' H KaHaaHTe B .nogBBTa,
acaTO fti npHaasa nJIbTHOCT H 3apaBHHa.
1?lpH onpeAeaemH yCaOBHa CHJI KaTH3aunara Mo)ICe Aa 6%Ae ocbluecTBeHa gpe3 HarxeTJI-
eaHe CSMO H8 eAHH CHaHxaTeg pa3TBOp (eAHopa3TBOpHa CHAHKaTH3auua).
CiummHaauHwra..Mo ae Aa,6iAe Upaawiceua. KaKTO ?Bb6. IHCOKOTO, TaKa H B. JjpapOTex-
migeCKoTO CTpOHTeJCTBO, H TO CbC CneAHHTe ueuH:
1. 3a H3rpaIcAaHe Ha BOAOHenponyCKAHBH npOTHBOd HATpauuoHHH 3aBeCH s Mecra, Kb-
Am He MO2K Aa ce 3a61Ie IunyHToBa orpaAa, a e Bb3MO)KHO Aa ce COHJIHpa HJIH AA ce 3a-
-6HBaT Tpb6H (B xxAporexHxgeCKOTO CTpOHTeACTao ce.npnaara oTCKOpo).
2.3a HauajuBaxe HAH JHKBHaxpaHe ma 4)HATpauHATa UOA ClulecTByealuH cbopbuceHHs.
3..3a cb3AaBaHe HAH Bb3cTaHOBHBaHe Ha BOAOHenponyclc/xaocTTa Ha tunyHTo8H oFpaAH,
H
r(OraTo Te ca
3nbJHemH AowoxagecrBeHo.
4. 3a yseaa asane TOBapocnOCO6HOCrra
HeTO Ha aboca.
5. 3a Cb3JIaaaHe Ha BOaOHenponycKANB cnofi (Boar) npH npOKonaaaxe Ha InaxTH, Ty-
Hem H,Ap. n0A3eMHH cbopbxceH s, pa3noao)KeHH BbB BoAOHacHreIH nogBH.
(;{iJIHKaTH3augaTa MO)Ke Aa 6bAe H3nOn3yBaHa npH BecBTp3ar# CTponTeiiHH nogsi OT
THna Ha nnCbnNTe. 11pHAOM(HMocTTa Ha cHJCNKaTH3auuaTa, KaKTO H HefiaTa uenecb06paSHOCT
Tps6Ba Aa 6bAaT nposepeHH_,onHTHO.
llpilvlolcuMocTra Ha. cEAHKaTH3auHfTa B eAHa HJIH Apyra nossa Ce onpeAene, or easa
CTpaHa, OT.H3HCKBaBHBTa, _KOHrO ce npeAaBABaT Kbu nogeara, H, or Apyra crpaxa, Or Bb3-
MO)KHOCTHTe, KOHTO HH AaBa CHAHKaTH3auHaTa. CHAHKBTHiawHATa He e npHJCO)KHMa B Cyxu
H BOAOHaCHTeHH n$C'bUH C Koe4)uuueHT Ha 4)HATpauxa noA 2,.m/24 Baca. C,HnHKaTa,3auw1!r'a
o6a4e He Moxce Aa ce npenopbga npH KoecpHUHeHT Ha 4PHATpauNA, no-roJIRM OT
80 m/24 Baca, B caygafl ge ce H3HCKBa nOBHLAaBaHe Ha TOBapOCUOCO6HOcTra Ha CTpOHTeA-
H8Ta nomsa.
319
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CHANKaTH3aWIHTa MOHe Aa 6%Ae npHJlo KeHa npH nnaBaws nnc bua c Koe4)HUHeHT Ha c(1BA-
TpauiA oT 0,5 Ao 5,0 M/24'vaca ii npH JIbOCOBH nO'BH, HaMHpan(H ce HaA rpyHTosaTa BOAa
c KoeiplluHeHT Ha 4nvirpaulll OT 0,1 Ao 2,0 M/24 qaca.
KoraTO CKOpOCTTa Ha rpyfTOBHA nommic e no-roJIAMa oT 20 M/24 9aca,:Bb3MOHCBOCTra
3a Manon3yBaHe Ha cHJIHxaTH3auHATa 3a cb3AaaaHe Ha npoTHBO4,BJITpaunoHHa 3aBeca nOA
cbopb)KeHHeTO TpA6BaAa 6bAe yCTaHOBeHa OnITHO.
CHaHKarH3aWI9Ta He ce npenopb'IBa 33 nO4BH; ObAbpHCaIuH He4TemH npoayKTH, CMOAH
H MaCna H BO H C pH HaA 9,0.
51KocTTa Ha HaTHCK Ha 3a3ApaBeHaTa n04Ba B 3aBHCHMOCT OT Koe4)HUHeHTa Ha 4)HJITpauHH
Moire Aa ce npaeale no Ta6naua 6-29.
Ta6JIHua 6-29
Koe4niuaeHT as ?HarpauHa, M124 Baca, l Ky6oaa aKOCT Ha 28 Ha Jcea. Kr/Cu'
17ACbuH
5-10
10-20.
20-80
TevauLH nacbuH
0,3-5,0
Jlboc
0,1-2,0
35-30
35-30
30-20
20-15
11,onyCTHMOTO HaTOBapBaHe MolKe Aa ce npHeMe, 4e a 115 OT Ky6oBaTa AKOCT.
ilpH H3rpaHcnaHe Ha npoTHBOtpHATpauHOHHa 3aBeca 4pe3 CHJHKaTH3auHA HeflHHTe KOH-
CTpyKTHBHH eAeMeHTH ce onpeAeiAT OT THna Ha Cbopb KeHHeTO, rojieMHHaTa Ha BOAHHH Ha-
nOp H BHAa H KaueCTBOTO Ha nogBaTa. Ha npaKTHKa 3aBeCawa ce npasH Haft-MaJIKO ABy-
peAHa, a AbA6o4HHaTa A c orJIeA Ha npaBHAHOTO 3a6HBaHe Ha HHHcexuMOHalTe Tpb6a He e
noBeve OT 12 AO 15 CM. Pa3CTOAHHero MC1CAY COHAa)CHTe B oTAeneH peA HAH Me)K)y peAO-
Bere Ce npHeMa TaKa, 4e Aa 6bAe c 0,10-1,15 M no-Manxo oT yABoeaHA paAayC Ha pa3npo-
CTpaHeHHeTO Ha pa3TBopa.. Toga ce npaBH C orneA Aa Ce nOAyuH eAHOpoAHOCT Ha aa3Apa-
BeHHH Maus.
B ciy9aft 4e AHHCBaT OHHTHH AaHHH, paAHyCbT Ha Aef1CTBHe 3a npeasapHTeAHH H34H-
cneHHH MOHce Aa ce npHeMe so Ta6nnua 6-30 H 6-31.
Ta6AHUa 6-30
PaAHyC Ha AefCTBHe B 3aaHCHMOCT OT 3bpHoMeTpH4HHH C'bCTas Ha no9BaTa
XapaKTep Ha nogeaTa
PaAHycMC Ae*CTHae, M
jjpe6Ho3,bpaecT nscbK (re Morar Aa ce H3noJC3yBaT 6Bry'MHre Mapxa III, IV H V. 4)H3HK0-Mexa-
HH9HHTe CBONCTBa Ha re3H 6HTyMH no OCT 7296 Tpsi6aa Aa orroBapsT Ha HBHCKBaHHATa,
AaAeHH B Ta6aHua 6-37.
4
5
6
OTHocHreAHO Terao
IleHeerpawHA (npoHHaaeMocT) npH 250 C
Paarsirane npH 250 C
TeMneparypa Ha.pa3Mexaaae no MeroAa
.n bCTeH H ca4Ma'
Pa3TBOpHMOCT B, cepoB'bt'aep0A H xmopo$opM
3ary6a B TerJSO npH 1630 C sa 5 g.
fleHeTpauHa Ha ocTBTbia ^' Caem onpeAeJCnHe
Ha sary6ara no T. 6 npH' 250 C H npH roaap
100 r a reueHHe ma 5 ceK.
TeMneparypa Ha KHneae no BpeHKeH
Boma
oKOno
50-55
He no-ManKo
or 40 cm
He no-ManKo
OT 506 C
He no-MaJIKo
or 99%
He noaege
OT 1 O/o
oKOno 1
10-25
He no-MaJIKo
OT I CM
or 9OAO I106C
He no-ManKo
or 99%
He noBege
OT 1%
He no-ManKo or 60% Or'nbp-
BOHaganHOTo
He n0-ManKo He nO-MaJIKO
or 2000 C or. 2300 C
HHNa
B) EaeMeHTH Ha 3aBecaTa
BpoaT Ha peAonere ce onpeAeaa or aanopa Ha a3oBHpHara crena H paAHyca Ha pa3-
npocrpaneHHe Ha 6HTyMa. B oKaperean cKanH 3aaecarae eAHOpeAHa.
B Sa6mHua 6-38 ce Am OpHeHTHpoBb4HO paAHyCbT Ha pa3np0CTpaHeHHe Ha 6HTyM8
cnopeA B. 11. Il(paf6ep.
WHPHH* Na nyKHaTHHHTe, Haaarane npH HarHeeraaaHe Ha 6Hryxa, ATM.
MM
cpeAHO Hpaaao (MBKCHMBAHO)
8-10
X15
8=15
> 20=24
25
30
10'
6
1,4 = 1,85
0,35 -L 0,45
PascroiHHero McMCAy ormejHHre npo6How Bb3 OCHOBS Ha aMajns3a, Hanpase m or l[pall-
6ep, MOace Aa ce BaeMe npiH6AHBHrenH0 no Ta6aHma 6-39.
Paaayc Ha QAS PO paxeHHS
Ha 631TyMa, m
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
IIIHpHHa Ha cKaaHaTe
nyKRamnu, MM
20
10-20
5-10
1,5--5
0,2-1
Pa'scrosaHe MezAy
coNAaz re, m
3-4
2-8
01,5-2
1-1,5
0,5-0,8.
1FopeuuaTa 6HTyMHHH3aUHH HMa cnoH oco6eaocTa no oTROmeHae aa'ocraHaJnne MerOAR
Ha ynA'bTHHBaHe, a HMeuHO :
1. PeJrlT Ha npo6HBane Ha cOHAaiK*Tt ce"HS6apa TaKa, 4e Aa ce COHAapa io Bb3-
MOxcHOCT B He6HTyMHnH3HpaHa cKana. npH cHAHO HanyKaHu CKaAH pa3CTO$IHHetO Mexcay
6HTyMHuxsHparni comm H HOBw coHAaxc Tpa6Ba ? Aa' 6bAe oT B Ao .8 M. 1'1poftai eto as
coHAaxcuTe npH no-caa6o nanyKarHTe CKaaH ce H3BbpwBa npes eAKH, Hanpiuep negeTHHTe,
a caeA 6RryMHHH3awHaTa ce npo6HBar H 6HTyMHagsHpaT *THKTe coHA8WH.
B cayltaA ee nponRKHe 6HryM B coHAaxc npes Bpeue Ha npo6xaBHe;21 pa6oTara ^
no Aaara COHaaaaa ce cmtpa) a 6opaaTa KoAOHa ce Hseaxcia 'AegHara or Ba. 17oAeoaa-
BaHeTo Ha npo6iBHRTe pa6oTH e Bb3MOxcHp canto caeA HBCTRB*He Ha 6Hryua H axo npourc-
naioro xona9eciao a cORABBCl e aesHa9BTeAno. .
2. B cpaBHeHHe c gaMeaTauHATa Haraerareaaara xoaoHa e no-TexKea, sacu0TO B Hen ce
'nOCTaBM eaeKTpa4eCKn HarpeaaTea (MCeansao Bbace c 0.6-7 MM c nopnenaHOB R3oaarop).
~.
llpenopb4Ba ce HarHeTaTeanITe KOaoHU Aa HMaT AGSM TpMte, 1aABHa s Ta6n. 6-40.
'Ta6auua .6-40
,AbA6o4HHa Ha 6HTyMHHHSSIUHITa ST nosbpxHOcTta, H
AO 10
Ao 40
HaA 40
0 e
25
38
50
3. ryMeHHTe TaMnOHH npH uHMeRTauHnTa ce 9aMeRar c uHMeHT08? TaMnoR, KoAro ya S-.1 1
xcaea nposteca ua pa6oTa,
4. npa Il9TH9aHe Ha 6H7yM Ha noBbpxnOcTTa RarReTaeanero ce cnapa m MOxce Aa Ce
nOAROBH CAeA BTBbPAHBaHeTO My, 3a KOeTO Ca Heo6x0AAuis or 10 Baca Ao-3 AeROROUtaa
r) KOnRgeCTBO Ha H3pa3XOAaaHusl 6HTyM
06ntoTO KoJHuecTBo 6HryM, Heo6xoAHMo sa;sau-baBake nanyKHamaaTe, Moxce Aa 6bae
onpe4 eaeno npH6Jfl 3HTeJHo no caepRaTa 4opuyaa :
Q Vnk MeL
100
KbAeTO Q e KoaI4eCTBO 6HTyM B Ma ;
V - o6eM Ha cxaaara B Ms;
n - o6eu Ha npa3HHHHre B M3;
k - Koe4)HUHeHT 3a 3ary6H 1,3-1,5.
B Ta6aHua 6-41 Ca AaAeHH AaHHH 3a pa3xOAa Ha 6HTyU sa 1 M coHAaxcea np06Hs
caopeA B. n. ll[paA6ep.
Ta6nnga i-1
AO 10
Ao 1,5
OTHOCHTezHO BnaonorAbolaue,
A/MHH.
0,0009-0,2
0,005-0,008
nor6AHaTo KoAH9ecT* ?.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
A) XJIaAHa 0HTyMHHH3awH8
XAaAHara 6HTYMHHH3aUHSC ce CbCTOH B HarHeTaBaHe Ha x]faAHa 6HTyMHa eMyA3Ha 6ea
npe)BapHTeAHO 3arpflBaHe Ha cou a)KHAw npo6Ha. BHCKOSHTeTbT Ha 6HTyMHaTa' eMyA3Ha e
nO-BHCOK OT 1,5 Ao 4 nbTH OT BHCK03HTeTa Ha BOAaTa, BCAeACTBHe Ha.KoeTo 6HTyMHaTa
eMYA3HA MO)Ke Aa RPOHHKHe B no-TeCHH nyKHaTHHH, OTKOAKOTO ufMeHToBO1o MJIHKO. 3a
Ta3H ueA 6HTyMHHTe eMya$HH TpH6Ba AA ce CbCTOHT OT 4aCTHUH,He no-rOAeMf OT 2-3 MM.
CbAbpwaBHeTO Ha 6HTyM B eMyA3HsiTa He Tp516Ba Aa HaABNmaBa 25-50a/p, Tbfl KBTO BHCKO-
3nTerbT HaA 50% 6bp3o pacTe.
I. A.A a M 0 B H 4, A, H., K o A T Y H O B, 1.j. B. - L[eaeiTauHH OcHOBaHHll rHApocoopyM(e-
Hap, roc9HeproasAdr, 1953.
2. B a il n o A H H, A. 4). H 11 H 6 y A b c K H 9, B. A. - Ilpoxomca maxi cneuaaab-
HbIMH cnoco6aMH, Meramypy3AaT, 1947.
& r a e 6 o B, A. ,IL ...: PbKOBOACTBO no crpoeac Ha MCene3olrbTHH TyHeJH, 414 HayKa
H HBKyCTSO' 1952.
4. HHMCeHepHo-reoaorH4ecKHe HccamBaHHH Ann rHApo9HepreTH4ecKOro CTpOHTeAbCTBa
TOM 11, rocreoAH3AaT, 1950.
5. HHCTpyKHHH no OnHTHa UHMeHTaUHH H r.HNH3auHH HaCKanHHTe OCHOBH Ha XHApO-
TexHH4ecxHre Cbopb)KeHHH,,rl:Apo9HepronpoeKT, 1946.
6. HHCTpyKUHH no CHAHKaTH3aUHH rpyHTOB, rncynapcraeHHoe H3AaTeAbCTBO AHTepaTyphl'
no c.TpoareJlbCTBy H apxHTeKType, 1952.
7. K 0 T Y A b C K H A, B. B. - 06 OCHOBHUX npaBxnax npOH3BOACTBa ueienTauHOHHdx
pa6oT, rwApoTexRH4eCKOe CTpOHTeabCTBO, M 11, 1948.
8. K 0 T y A b C K H il, B. B. - CoapeMeHHde McTOAb ueMeHTa4HH B pa3AH4HbIx reono-
rH4eCKHx yCAOBHAx. rHApOTexnauecxoe CTpOHTenbcTBO, M 8, 1947.
9. 0 r H H H 0 B, CT. - CoHAaaCHO Am, H3A. HapoAHa npoceera`, Co4,aa, 1955.
10. P )K a H H It d H, B. 0. - CNAHKaTH3auH51 nec4aadx rpyHTOB, MamCTpO lH3-
AaT, .1949.
11. Cnpaso4HHK no rHApoTexHHKe, rocyuapcraeHHoe H3AaTeAbcrBO AHTepaTypu no
CTpOHTeamTiy m apxareKrype, MOCKBa, 1955.
12. TexHH4eCKHe yCAOBHH Ha nPOH3BOACTBO rHAporexHa4eCKHx pa6OT, BIaycK V -
LteMeHTauHH ocHoBaHan, fOCSHeproasnar, 1941.
13. TexHH4eCKH yCAOBHA H HOpMH aa,,rAaBrHJIpo9HeprOCTpOft* - rrHHaaauaa Ha OCHO-
BHTe - TY-26-16-41.
14. TexHH4ecIHe yCAOBHH Ha npOH3BOCCTBO rnApoTexHH4ec ize . pa6OTH, BdnyCK VI,
BHTYMH3auHH OCHOBaHMR, rOC9Heproa3AaT, 1942.
15. TexHH4eCKHe yCAOBHA Ha npOH3BOACToo rHApOTeXHH4eCKHe pa6oTH, BdnycK VIII -
CHAHKaTN3auHH OCHOBaHN1, rOcsneprOH3AaT, 1952 r.
16. IJ.1 H m 0 B, E. A. - TaMnOHa)K ropHbix nOpOA Cno006oM rJIHHH3aUHH, YrAerexH3-
AaT, 1951.
17. W p e n 6 e p, B. f. - ropsmaa 6H1yMH3auHH B rHApOTeXHH4eCKOM CTpOHreAb-
cTBe, roc9HeproH3AaT, 1951.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
VII. OBLUA ICI CI1ELUTAJIHA xFwporEOJ1On1$
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
A. OCHORHN f10JIO}KEHNSI
1. PA3IIPFJtEJJEHHE HA BOaATA BbPXY 3EMHATA KOPA
BoAara Bbpxy 3eMaara Kopa, HaMHpania ce B Tegao cbCTOHHHe, no cBOeTO noao)Ceaee
cnpaMo 3eMHaTa nOBbpxHOCr ce pa3Ae8H Ha we CABBHH rpynH:
a) noBbpxnocTHa BoAa, KOHTO ce HaMHpa HenoCpeACTB4uo pbpxy 3eMHara nOBbpxHOCT, H
6) noA3eMHa Boa - axyMyJinpaHa B npa3HHHH, HaMHpanul Ce B noBbpxHOCTHHTe vacrn
Ha -AeMHaTa Kopa.
2. FEHE3HC HA fOJj3EMHHTE BOAH
H37o4HHwHTe 3a cpopMHpaHe Ha nOA3eMHHTe BOAR ca ABa:
a) aTMocfpepHaTa BAara H
6) nenpara Ha 3eMHTa.
3a aTMoc$epHHHfPOH3XOA Ha noA3eMHirre BOAH'Cbn[eCTByBBT ABe TeopxH: HHIpHATpa-
UHOHHa H KOHneH3aIIHOHHa
CnopeA HHCpHJrrpafHOHHara TeOpHa ATMoc4,epaaTa BOAa, naAHaaa Bbpxy 3eMHTa, ce
pa3AeJIa Ha geTHpM 4acTH: eAHa gacT or Heg ce orrHga no 3euHaTa nowbpxHOCT H"cTHra
AO BoAHHTe/6acefHH,BTopa ce H3napaBa, Tpera ce norjrbnja oT pacTeHHHTa, a gerabpra B3aBHCHMOCT OT CbCTaBa Ha CKaJIHre ce HHcpHJITpHpa.
4oarep ce npoT,HBonocTaBs Ha reopuara 3a HH4mjiTpaIIHa Ha aoAaTa H n Heua, ie/.no
TO3H Ba4HH He e Bb3MOJKHO npoHHKBaHeTO $Ha rOAHMa Aba6ogHHa, KOeTO 6n n03aonaao
fpOpMHpaHeTo Ha n0A3eMHI1 BOAR. Ton npaexa, Ie H3TOgaai 3a o6paayBaue Ha nOAaeumi
BOAH e HBCHTeHHHT C BOARH napes Bb3Ayx. KoaKoro e no-mama pa34HKaTa B TeMnepaTyppTa
Ha Bb3Ayxa, B nogBaTa H aTMoc(pepaTa, Tozxoaa no-MaAKO KOAH4ecTBo KOHJIeH3Hpaaa BOAa
ce nonygaBa. Mnoro ApyrH aBTopH Bb3 OCH0B2 Ha MHOroroAHIHHH Ha6AKJAeHH$ AOKa3BaT,
qe Hag-ronaMo KomgecTBo KoRaeH3Hpaaa BOAa ce noAygaBa npe3 CTyAeHHTe 3HMHH Meceux.
TeopuHra Ha 'oJrep ce ocnopaa oT MHoro aBTOpH.
3ioc npaeua, qe rnaBeH nbpBOHaTOgHHK Ha noAseMHBTa' BOAa npeicTBBAaiaT aeApara
Ha aeMaTa.,BOAara, KOHTO BOAR npOH3xOAa CH or aTMOc(pepara, Tog HapHga aaAo3Ha, a
Ta3H, HABau[a OT HeApara Ha 3eMara - ioBeHHAHa. 1OBeHHAHaTa aoAa ce o6pa3yBa OT cBbp3-
BaHeTo Ha KHCJfopOAa H BOAOpOAa npH nocTeneHHOTO oxnaxcABHe Ha MbrJlaTa H ce aaaaa
KaTO HoBOO6pasyBaHa. Ta yBeJHgaBa BoAHHTe pecypca Ha xHApoc(pepara. 10seHMAHHTe BoAB
ca npHBbp3aHH KbM pagonuTe c ByJIKaaCKa AeRHocr.
a KJIACHOHKALU HA 1IOA3EMHHTE BOA H
J[Hec AHncBa eABa eAKHHa KAaCHOHKauHa Ha noA3eMBaTe aoAH. OTcbcmBHeTO Ha eAHHHa
xwAporeoAOMCKa TepMMHOAOCHS, KaKTO H HeBbauOMcHOCTTa Aa Ce HaMeplT ewaKBH eJIeMeHTH
3a c aBHeuxe ca AoBeini AO cbsABBaHeTo Ha pa3AH'HH KAaCH4)HKauHH Ha noA3eMHHre BoAH.
B 1928 r. reoaoi ecxaar KoMHTer B CCCP cb3AaBa rrapBaTa Kaacx4,uxauxa Ha noA3eM-
HHTe BoAH. B 1939 r, npo4-. (P. II, CaHapeHcaI Bbp ocHOBa Ha ?6HlonpH3HamH B npaKrH-
KaTa Ha xHAporeoJIo)KKHTe npOygBamis npH3H8uH pa3Aeaa.noASeuHHTe BOSH Ha neT OCHOBHH
THna. A. M. OBUHHHKOB, OCHOBBBafKH ce na Hag-nom AaHHH, noiygern npu xHAporeo-
AOacKHre H3CJIeABaEHa, Aaua Hoax cxeMa sa KJIaC1I4 iKafHa. Tog paaaugaBa rpa OCEOBHM
THna noA3euHa BoAH, a MMeuHp:
a) BOAH B soaaTa ua aepautara u ce3oHHH BOAR -- HaMBpaT CO 'B nouemsi csoH.
6) 1-pyHroBH BoAH - npMBbpsaHH ca raaB o KBM paxiHre KearepuepHH oTAo*evmx.
Te HMaT cBo6wzHa BoAna noBbpxH9cr H ca B HenocpejzcmeH4 "aHApaBaHgecxa BpbaHa c
noabpxaocTHwre aoAx Ha peKHTe, e3epara H uoperaxa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
s) ApTesaaHCKH BOAR - npfo6danaBar B npeAKBaTepHepHH cKaiH H HMar Hanopxa no-
BbpxHOCr.
O. K. JIBHre e c craaHA RarJIeAHa cxeMa 3a cborHouieHHero Ha pa3AH4HRTe rNnoae
nOA3eMHH BOAR (4)Hr. 7-1).
4Hr. 7-1. CxeMa 3a cboTHoweHReTo mew.Ay pa3AHg-
HHTe THnose noAaeMHH Bo)uI (no O. K. JIaHre) :
I - BoAonponycKAasa cKaJH;2 - BoAOynopix MKaAE ; 3 - rpyn-
TOBa HI3XOAauta BOAa IA); 4 - MexcAyndacTOaa aa3xOAaa4a
BOAR (B); 5 - BbszoAaua aprea.axeKa BoAa (B)
Hall-npocra KASCH4oKawHSI, B xonTO ce Aaaa H peMCHMbT oa nOA3eMHHTe BOAR, e Ta3H
Ha H. H. BHHAeMaE (Ta&a. 7-1). -
TaQaoua 7-1
CXeMa sa K1aCN4)NKaIW2 Ha nOASeMHHTe BOAR H 1'SXHHH pewnm
(no H. H. BHHAeMaH)
YcAOBaa as UOAAQSHBUHI KaTeropaK Ha IOAaeMHITA BOAS 0co6dK6CTe Ha pSiHMa
O6JIaCT Ha CbBnaAa C
pasnpocrpa- o6Aacrra Ha
Hem e Ha nba- noAxpaneane
3eMHHTe BOAR
Ha MaAKH Be-
AoynopHH Ae-
Ce30HHH BOAR 11H.
B npocnOAKa
chc cAa6a ao-
AonpoHHuae-
MOCT
no-roARMa oT
06ASCTTa RB
noAxpanaaae
CTOBH BOAR
HHBOTO Ha Roma e noAAO-
Hiexo Ha nOCTOAHHO KoAe6a-
Hne noA HaHBHMC Ha BepTH-
KaAnoTo npaABHMCeaHe na BAa-
raTa B 3041M no aepauxim
IlpenaBaHeTo J(orn+rane Ha
Koae6aHSerO BbJHHTe
Ha _ HHBOTO
ce iocb)ue- 71peAaaane Ha
cTBRaa gpe3: Hanopa
4. YCJIOBHA HA 3AJUITAHE HA flOA3EMHHTE BORN
CKBAHTe B 3eMHaTa Kopa CbAbp)KaT noBeqe HAH
BOAoxacurenocrra HM pa3AHgaBBMe ABe 3oHR:
a) sons Ha aepauHATa - B Hen CKaAHTe ca HeHACHTeHH C BOAS H
6) 3oHa, a xowTo CKaJIHTe Ca HBCHTeno c nOA3eMHa BOAS % Hr. 7-2).
ropHOTO noApa3Aeinne.Tbpnf peAHUa OTKAOHeHHa.,H3BecT H ca CaygaH, Koraro nOA
rpyuTOBHTe BOAR ce CpeII1aT BOAOHOCHH nnacroBe, KOOTO He ca Hanbano HaCHTeHH C BOAS
H o6paTHO, BSA rpyHTOBHH BOAOHOcen XOpH3OHT ca HaaRue HanwAno nacoreHH C BOAS yga-
3o
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
cTbmin (CeroHHR BOAR). Ten oTuoRe*Hl1 ca npMuua ropenocogenlia KAa*uKa ra As ce
npueoe Kato ycaoau.
3oRa ma IcanuAmpHama aoda. To ce orpaowgana or HacHTeHRo m Heoacareun caoa
H 3aeua OHB3H gaci, KOnTO AeZZR Merry HNBOTO Ha rpyHToaaia sOAI H rpaEHuara u no.
nHAMpHHB noAeu.
IIpHgaaaTa sa Helium $opMHplwe e uxr 3KOHBHra CHAT MexcAy soAaTa m cre ure Ha
KannnapHTe B cyxara Maca Ha paza ne CKaaH KoAKOro uacrauHTe, or xoNTo ca CbcraBeIR
TesH cKaux,. ca no-MaAKH H c6RTH, romcoea sa-
nhaApnnoT noAeo e no-roaBM. BoAaTa me ce
HsKayea AOTOraea, AoxaTO co6CrseHoro TeraO Ha
BoABHa crm6 He npeoAoaee cbniecmyeanjaTa
aAxesHouna ceaa.
11opaw( npsKaTa xwApaBAHaecxa Bm 3xa c
rpyoroaaTaMOAa HHeoro K8 BOAara a xam anp.
HaTa soya caeABa Koae6aHMnTa Ha BoAKOTO orae-
AaAO
3ouaTa Ba KannJapHaTa BoAa cn
HCH sa
.
y
npexoA KIM sonata Ha aepauwsTa AMC, 7-2. Pas AeAeHBe Ha soma -a
.
3oHa ma aepal;UK. ?HenOCpeACTBeso HaA ropHHTe gacTH Ha 3eMHITa Kopa
3OHITa Ha KanHAapbaTa Bona ce HaMRpa BOHaTa (no A. M. OBgRHMK08):
Ha aepauHBTa. TA e MewARHeH CAOa, CBb BBaH( 1- RACUT *a soea; 2 - sons - Ha aspaUwra;
a - notwHa Ha H 5 - DeAH; 4 - nporsHSty-
eTMO4epaTe c nOA3eonara EHApOClpepa. 1yK Be 7wia
momma; ; xsmmmpna nomona;
BCHgKH n0PH M npa3HHHH ca san'bAHeHH C BOAR. 6 - 6dawo
EAHa o000eHOCT 33 somas Ha aepanoaTa e, qe
g e3 Hen e Bb3MOHCHa BepTBKaABa HBCpHATpanHo Ha BTMoc4)epMHTe H nogBeHHTe BoAH.
TIpH roaeoR HanapeooB . HMa npHABHHCoaoe Ka BoAa or no-A'bn6oiH H Bnaicm c naacTose
KbM nosbpxnocrta.,
B To3B BepTMKaieo paspe3 Ha MHrpanHoTa Ha BOABTI aKTHBHO ygacTHe Bseuar 03na-
peRReTo or. seMHaTa noBbpXHOCT, TpaHCnhpawuna Ha pac?'eaHnra H. xcu3Heu8Ta AefHocT Ha
opraHH3MHTe.
K'io 'soxaTa Ha aepauxoTa Ce 0TH8CAT cesoonoTe BoAM. Te lea pe3yrTar Ha ceaoami
BaieocH H ToneHe Ha CHeroBeTe, Koralo He e Bb3VOHCBa 6%psa aepTHKaAHa ciooiAi'psuan
Ha BogaTa npe3'n0ACTMAawH7e OTAOAy cna6o BoAonponyciAHSH mm eoaooenponyc&AHSR
Aemu, NAB MaAKH npocaofKH, HBMHpan(H ce HenocpeACTBeHO HaA HHBQTO Ha rpyHTOBHTe
BOAR. CeaOHHHTe BOAR Haa?gecTo noaxpaRsaT rpyHTOBHTe em HAM H31aAo cc H3napoaaT.
CeaoHBHTeROAR gecTo npR4HH0B1T 3a6AaTBBBHHSI. Tom THn ceaOHHR BoAH ce xapaKTepR-
3HpaT C'bC cgwu 4)IL' HO 3u&raae Bpe*MM, KoaT'O o6yeaano upTeH8N8sa 6AaTHa pacrmeA-
HOCT. 3a6maTSBBHMnra ca TnCHO cabpsaHM, or- eAHa cTpaHa, c noebpxHOCTHBTe aTMOCCpepHR
BOAR, a or Apyra,cTpaua, c uaxoAHCUara Ha rpyHTOBH MAN AHaKAasHR nyKHBTHaxR BOAR.
kw soma Ha aepauHaTa cnaAaT H nOgBeHHTe BOAR, npeACTaBAHBaIuei KOAHgeCT'BOTO
BOAS 8 pogaemm caoa, KoeT'O y4acaysa B onpeAenanero Ha crpyKTypara, cRoacTBUTa H
peMCHMB Ha RQ*BpTa.
3oHa Nacumekac nod3e ua soda. Tyx,cnagaT rpy$TOBBTe a apre3HaacxaTe BOAR,
Kongo HaCHiuaT nJacTOBeTe, H3rpIAeHH OT pa,AB (s'bpHecTH, o6soM'bcHH) HAM HanyHIHH
CKIAH. BOAonpoIRUaeMOCTTB Ha TBKa o6pa3yBaHRTe BOAOHOCHH EOpH3OHTR ce 1OAAHHBBa Ha
H3BeCTHa 38KOHOMepHOCT.
I' p y H T 0 8 R T e; s 0 A R o6MIKBOBcIO o6pa3yBaT nbpaau Heaauopeu BOAOHOCeH xopH-
soar, KolTO ce cpeuua Ha pa3AR'Ha A%A6ognH8 OT 3eoHaTa noBLpxHOcT. Ton mu C8o6OAHO,
rpsBHTagao HOBO Ha 9OAare H Raa-gecrO sanbaBa paxrH KBaTepHepHH K no-pOAKO Apyrn
OTAOHCeHRS. HHBOTO Ha rpyHTOBara BOAR CbBnaAa c ropuaTa rpanuua ma Hacmuaae. ona
ce BHHCAa Han-AO6pe B npOygBBTeJIHHTe HAH excnaoaTauHOHHH7e H3pa6oTKH, KbAeTO HRBOTO
Ha BoAaTa Cbsnapa C rOpHHB npeAea Ha BOAOHaCHTeHOCT.
foA3eMHR Bba; MOOTo saAAMrar MezAy ABa soAOynopna nAacta m KOBTO npR pasKpR-
Base C p83angHH pa3pa6oTKH OUT Banop, ce HapugaT a P T e s R a H c K H (B an o p x u)
opoupaaero Ha apTesnancunTe BOAR o6aicao e$O tTa$a a OTAOHCeURn, nO-CTapX OT KBB-
7epnepa. Y nae spTesxancKH BOAR Haft-9eCTO Ce cpeu(aT s cpeAHBw eouen Kpa* rp. $a'p.s.
B nJcoueacKHTe oTAOHCemiu B Co$uacKoro neae H Mapona4isroK H itp. Huaoro, Ha
Kom ce yCTBBOBABai HanopHBTe BOAR, n oepeoo a a6cok ma loam ornociteana aHcogioa,
ce Hapuga nne3oMeT?pHgHO HHHo. fpx'ecTecTBeHO pasapuTHe Ha AHeBHBTI noabpxaocT apTe-
3HaHCKRTe BOAR o6pasysaT Bb3E0AAn1R R3BopH.
OcBeM naacTOBHTe BOAM CbnlecTByBaT H nyKHaTRHBR, KapCT'osM H MRHepaAHH BOAR.
01,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
n y K H a T H R H H T e a o A H ca Cbluo TaKa noA3eMHH BOAR, Ho ca npHBbp3aH KIM
nyKnaiHHRTe Ha HHTpy3HBHHTe, e4)y3HBHHTe, McTaMOp4)HHTe H CBbp3aHHTe ceAHMeHTHH
CKaAH. 14306HAHH TIyKHBTRHHH BOAR y nac HMa B cpeAHopoAonCKHTe ?pHOJHTH. Oco6ea0 TH-
nR'HH?Ca H3BOpHTe, KONTO H3AH3aT Ha rpannuaTa Ha pHOJIHTa H naaeoreHa. TaKHBa Ca
CAygaHTe C H3BOpHTe HaA C. 1je6pa1IRua - neluepcKO, H3BOPHTe B neluepcKHTe pHOAHTH B
cbceACTeo c AepHBaz aara Ra, BEU ?AxeKol H Ap. ,L e6HT'bT Ha BOAaTa TyK Bapapa or 5 AO
30 a/ceK. H e B 3aBHCHMOCT OT rOAHizHRTe Ce30HHH Bane)KH.
K a P C T 0 B H T e B 0 A H ca Apyra pa3HOBHAHOCT Ha r nOA3eMHHTe BOAR. Te H3nbJBaT
KapCTOBH npa3HHHH, KaTO 06pa3yBaT fI0A3eMaH peKH H e3epa c pa3AHVaa copMa. Y Hac
HMa Aocra KapCTOBH patoNH. THnHVHH KapCTOBH H3BOPH ca H3BOpHTe Ha p. 1[eBRA, JIeAAe-.
HHKa - BpaYaHCKO, H3BOpa npH MaparHAHx, OT KOATO BOAR Hagaaor0 CH p. Tlaca, TpReo-
AHItH - na3apA)KHiuKo, KAenTy3a - BeAHHrpaA, H380pIT Ha 3aaTHa naHera H Ap. B rope-
n000YeHHTe H3BOPH Ae6HTIT Ha BOAaTa Bapnpa Or 200 Ao 2000 a/ceK.
M H H e p a a H H T e B O A H MoraT Aa 6ijaT rpyHTOBH H apTe3KaHCKH.? Oco6eno MHorO
Ca pa3npOCTpaHeHH nyKHaTHHHHTe H HyxHaTHHHOnJIaCTOBHTe MHHePaJHH BOAR. O6HKHOBeHo
Ca npHBIp3aHH KIM pa4OHH C o1KHBega i TeKTOHcxa AeflHOCT, xaKbBTO e CAy4aAT C naH'la-
peBCKHH MRHepaaeH H3BOp, 9HHTO BOAR HABaT OT CeHOHCKHTe aHAe3HTH H H34H3aT Ha rpa-
HHUaTa c OKapCTeHHH AOAOMHTH3yBaH BapOBHK Ha TpRaCa. noAo6eH e cayuSIT H C KIOCTeH-
A$ACKHR MHHepaaeu H3BOp, KOftTO AaBa eAHa AR4)y3Ha CHCTeMa OT rpM4OHH, pa3noAoxceHH
B Abr08HAHa pa3ceAHa 3oaa Ha rpaHHUara Me)CAy KpHCraJHHa H uaaeoreHa.
TepMOMHHepaJHH BOAR ce HapR4ar 6HOnoragHo aKTHBHRTe m oKa3BauxH 4,H3HOnorHgHO,
Haft-Yecro Aege6H0 BI3J[e1CTBHe Ha YoBewxHfl opraHH3IM, BOAR, KOBTO CbAbpMCar XHMH;,
vecxH COAH, opraHH9eCKH BeiuecTBa H ra3OBe,H HMar nOBHuIeHa TeMneparypa.
B. 3AKOHH 3A 1(BH)KEHHE HA HO113EMHATA BO11A
1. ABIO1 EHHE HA nOA3EMHHTE BOAR B CKAJIH, HE+IACHTEHH C BOAA
K&KTO 6e CHOMeHaTO, 3OHaTa Ha aepauHATa o6Bawa T03H CAOft Ha 3eyHaTa xopa,
KOATO 3an04Ba OT noBbpxHocTTa $,HCTBra AO HHBOTO Ha rpyHTOBaTa BOAa. BoAaTa B He-
HaCHTeHaTa 30Ha ce pa3Aeas Ha 9eTHpH BHAa: a) napoo6pa3Ha; 6) XHrpocKOnNHHa; B) uH
neCTa H r) KafHAApHa.
a) ABH]KeHHe Ha BOAaTa B napoo6pa3HO C'bCT09HHe
BOAaTa B n8p006pa3a0 CbCTOHHHe ce ABH)KH aaeAHo c S1 3AyXa Han He3aBHCHMO OT
Hero. TA ce IPHABHHCB8 OT yuaCTbuH C n0?rOABMO Haaaraae KIM TaKHBa CnO'MaAKO Hann-
raHe. HaauraHeTO B rpyara ce o6ycAaBA OT TeMnepaTypara H BAawwHocrTa my. npH eAHaKBa
BaaucHOCT Ha rpyHTa napaTa ce ABHHCH OT yyaCT-buH C n0-BHCOKa TeMnepaTypa KIM ytla-
CTbuH C nO-HHCKa"TeMnepaTypa H o6paTHO - npH eAHaKBa TeMneparypa ABHMCeHNeTo e OT
yRacTbuH C no-BRCoxa KIM yYacTIgH C nO-HHCKa BAa)KHOCT.
6) 1[BHNCeHHe Ha XHrpOCKOfH9HaTa BOO
XHrpOCKOnHtHaTa BoAa uowe Aa ce HPHABHHCBa canto noraTo ce npeBbpae Bbs
BOAHa napa.
B) ABH KeHHe Ha BozIaTa B uHneCTO C'6CroslaHe
npuBHMCBaHeT0 Ha BoAara craBa or no-BAawwHHR KIM no-cyxun rpynT. JIe6eAeB.e yera-
HOBHA, 9e TOBa ABHRieHHe e pe3yaTaT Ha MOAeKyJIR HH CHAR, 4HATo roAeMHHa HBAMHwaaa
10 000 aT, a paAHyCIT HM Ha AeftCTBHe e H3BbHpeAHO MaAbK H e OT nop6CAIKa Ha HRKOAKO
AecerH Or MHKpoBa. ToBa ABNHCeHHe ce H3BbpHwBa H3BIHpeAHO ?aBHo.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
ABHHCenaeTO Ha xanHnapHaTa Bona Mowe Aa ce H38bpnIH Mope HaaoJIy, a B cay-
vaHTe Ha KanxnapeH noAeM npH noBHIHaBaue (Ra HHBOTO Ha rpyHTOBara BOAa - oTAaay Ha-
KbmeTO H, e BHCOgHHa Ha KannafpHHH BOAeM B CM;
n - HOpb03HOCT Ha CKaAaTa B 4aCTH OT eAHHHIA;
do - AelCTBHTeaeH AHaMeTbp Ha 4aCTHUHTe B CM.
B TaGJI. 7-2 ca AaAeHH opHeHTHpOBb9HH AaHHH 3a BHCO9HHaTa H CKOpOCTTa npH Ka-
r) ABmKeHHe Ha KanHJIApHa soAa
1-n
H,,=0,446 n d
nHaapsaa noAeM cnopeA r. H. KaMeaexH.
MAKCHMIANa SNCOgHH2 Na
KanNAHQHNK noAeM, cm
BpOa H& AHKTe, Heo6xOAHMh 3a AO-
cTNraHe Ka MIKCIIMLAHNH KanIAapel
noOeM
11HC'bK, 9HHTO 37,paa HMaT
cneAHHTe pa3MepH B MM
2
11,4
80
24,1
100
0,5
27,9
138
0,3
33,0
188
16
0
48,9
191
,
0,12-
66,7-
158
072
0
88,8
144
,
047
0
135,2
160
,
025
0
266,7
300
,
0,016
309,9
475
11ecb4AHBa
CAHHA
132,1
144
raHHA
153,7
350
OT Ta6AHuala ce BHH(Aa, 4e KanuaHpHHHT noAeM e B npMK3 3aBHCHMOCT OT 3bpHoMe-
TpHvHHH C6craa na rpyara.
2. ABHWEH14E HA 17OA3EM)iHTE BOAR B CKAJIH, HACHTEHH C BOAA
OCH08Hu 3aIcoua 3a aeuxceuue ma noO3emHUme 60(3u
a) JIaMHHapHO (CTpyfHO) ABHSKeHHe. 3aKOH Ha Aapcfi
KoraTo ABHxceHHeTO Ha nOA3eMHHTe BOAR ce H3BbpwBa B MaAKH nyxHaTHHH HAH 4)HA-
TpawRgTa cTaBa npe3 MaAKH nOpH, TO aanoA065IBa ABrnKeuaeTO Ha BoAa B CHCTeMa OT Ka-
nHA9prH Tp16H. Toaa ABHM(eHHe ce HapHYa A a M H H a P H 0 R ce H3BbptuBa no 3aKOHa. ua
AapcH
(7,2) Q-h h F.
9T 4IOpMynaTa ce BHN(Aa, 4e xojH9eCTBOTO BoAa Q, KoeTo npoTmqa npea cxaaara 3a
eaHHHua Bpele, e nponopuHOaanHO Ha Hanopa h H niowTa Ha aanpegaoTO cegeane F H
o6paTHo nponopuHOHaAHO Ha Abna(HHaTa Ha 4)HATpauHHTa-1, HaMepnaaa no nOCoxa Na ABH
HLeHHero na BoAaTa. Koe(pHuuenmT Ha 4IHATpawuila k 3aBHCH OT 4)H3H4ecKHTe caogcTBa Ha
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CRaaHTe H or xapaKTepa Ha npornvaluara
ce HapHYa HanopeH rpaAHeHr.
regHoCT. OTHOuleHyerO =I e npHeTO Aa
CAeAOBareaHO (popMyaaTa MOHce Aa noay4H caeAHHA BHA :
(7,3) Q=k. F. L
Koraro I=1 H F=1,
(7,4) Q =k. Koe4)HUHeHrbT Ha 41HJITpauHA e paaeH Ha KoJH9ecrBgrO BoAa, Koero npomH4a 3a eAH-
HHUa BpeMe npe3 naozu c Hanpe4Ho cegeHHe Ha I,Hnmbpa eAHHHUa H npH HanopeH rpa-
AHeHr cbiuo eAHHHUa. KoraTo BbB 4)opMynaTa v=k .1, I=1
(7,5) v=k,
T. e. npH HanopeH rpaAHeHr, paaeH Ha eAHHHUa, Koe4)HUHeHTbT Ha 4HaTpauxI cbHto e
pa Yen no cicopocTT
..n .i...-...........--
a
6) Ae'lcTBHTeJHa CKOPOCT Ha 4MITpaUH9
CKOpOCTTa Ha ()HJTpaUHA v=k. I He npeACTaB.ABa AeNCTBHreaaara CKOpOCT Ha Boaara
a nopHTe Han nyxHaTHHHTe. BOAaTa B cay9an 3aeMa CaMO VaCT OT cegeHHeTo, a ocTaHaaara
9acT e nsIbaHeHa or 3bpHaTa Ha rpyHTa. B cay9an AetCTBHTeJHaTa CKOPOCT Ha 4)HATpa-
~~,~~ u= F. n
KaTo ce sanecTH Q c HeroDoro paaxo or 4ppMynara v= , ce noay4aaa
(7,7) v=u. n.
Orryk ce am ma, 4e cKOpocTTa Ha 41HJITpauHA e?paBna Ha npoH3BeAeraero OT Aegcr-
BHTeaHara CKOpOCT Ha BOAaTa B nopHTe H o6eMa Ha nopHTe. Ta3H AeACTBHTeJHa CKOPOCT
Bapepa oT Hyaa AO HAKOH MaKCHMaJHa Crot1HOCT H BbB BCHUKH cnyvaH e no-rornna Or
CKOpOCTTa Ha (PHJrrpanns, 3aiuoTo n e BHHarH no?MaJIKO Or eAHHHUa.
rl p H M e p. AKO AeACTBHTeaHaTa CKOPOCT e paBHa Ha 30 Mj24 Y. H o6eMI,r Ha no-
pHre e 0,30:
v=u. n=30. 0,30=9 M/24 v.
B) HeJIHHeeH 3aKOH 3a 41HATpaUH9
1.1pn roJIeMH nyKHarHHH, KapCTOBH xoAOBe, eApo3bpHecrU paRAH, OTJO)KeHHA HAH npH
nOCTbnaaHe B pa3JH'HH BOA0B3eMHH cbopbnceHHA cxopoC,rra Ha BoAara Hapacraa H Ce no-
nyvaBa Typ6yaeHTHO (BHxpOBO) ABHHCeHHe.
3aKOHbT 3a ryp6yaeHTHOro ABHKeHHe ce H3paSABa c 4)opMyaaTa Ha We3H
(7,11) v=cVR .I
.
HbAero v e CKOPOCT B M/24 9.;
R - xHApaaAHHeH paAHyc, paBHABaru ce Ha orHoweHHero Me)KAy naoiura Ha
cegeHHe H MoKpHA napaMerbp B M ;
c - eMnnpH9eH Koe4HUHenr;
I- HanopeH rpaAHeHT.
11pH eAp06aoK08H H HanyKaHH Maim Typ6yaeHTHOTo ABH)KeHne ce H3pa3ABa C ypasue-
aaero Ha KpacHonoJlcxH
(7,12) v=k,,V ,
KbAero kK e Koe4)HUHenr Ha 4)HnrpauHA Ha cKaaara,
k,,=cam .
Or 4opMyaara ce BHxcAa, 4e CKOpOCI a Ha Typ6yaeHTHOro ABH)KeHHe e nporapuxo-
HaaHa Ha HanOpHHA rpaAHeHr Ha CTeneH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
r) KPHTH9Ha CHOPOCT,Ha ()HATpa1(H9
f]pa roAAMa cKOpOCT Ha ImHJlrpawia ce Ha6AloAaaaa MaaoHeHHn oraakoaa Ha Aapcm.
Tea'H orxnoHeHaa HacrbnaaT, npH onpeaeaeaa CKOpOCT Ha ABHIKeaue, KoaTO ce HapHB
K P H T H q H a C K 0 p O C T. flpH CKOpoCT, nO-roAaMa or KpHTHgHaTa, aacrbnaa ryp6y-
ACHTeH peAHM.
no onHTeH nbT e woKaaaHo, ee,npi eApoabpHeCTHTe mcww xparHgaara cKopocr e
paena Ha 0,5 cM/ceK. Hnn OKOAO 400 u/24 g.,.3a ropna rpaaaua Na AeacTBHTeaHaTa Cxo-
pOCT ce npaeMa 1000 y/24 g. npn o6eu as, nopwre n=0,40.
KpiTngnara CKOpocr Ha 4wirpauHn Ce' onpeAean no $opMysara Ha H. H., Ifaaaolaca
lpH d=0,57 MM v,,p=1,03 cM/ceK.
d-0,90 MM %,p=0,61 cM/ceK.
d=1,35 Mat v,p=0,85 CM/ceK.
(7,9) V p=0,002 (0,75 n+0,23) d
OT OnBTHB AaHHH e Hseec mo, qe CbmecTByea 3aBHCHMOCT
HaTi H rOA0MHH$T8 HaAKpnrngHaTa cxopocr:
d - aeacrpnTeaeu AHaMerbp Ha 3bpHATa B CM ;
R, - nOCTORHHO gHCAO, Koero cropeA flasaoacKH 3a nncbuHTe e 50-60.
ju'dt 3a TeMneparypa Ha BoAara, paaHa Ha 100, cpopMyaara ce onpocTnaa no cAeAHmn Hawn
:
? R,
(7,8) vKp=6I 1
5 (0.75 n+0,23) D ? d [cM/ceK.],
KbAeTO n e o6ea na nopare;
1L - BHCKO3HTeT Ha BOAara;
P - nAbTHOCT Ha BoAara;
A) CMeCeHO ABIuKeHHe
C.Keee,o deumenue HMa, KOraTO B no-roneMnTe nopn H nyxaaTwaa 'HapeA C AaMHnap-
HOTO ABHMteane cbnuecTByaa H ryp6yaeiTio ABHacbnne. To ce onpeAeAn no $opnyaaTa Ha
Q,F.kk.Im ,
(7,10)
K%Aero m HMa CTolHocT McACAy 1 H 2,
-8. YCTAHOBEHO H HEYCTAHOBEHO ABH KEHHE HA ilOA3EMHHTE BOAR
YcraHOBenoTo iBHHCenne as noaseaHHTe BOHH ce xapaxrepnaapa c nocTOnHHm crofHocTH
Na Mon(aocTTa, nanOpHan rpaAHCHT H paaxoAa Ha BOAOHOCHHA XOPH3OHT B AaAeHO cegeHHe.
KOeTO He ce HaMexn 3a npOAba*HTeaeH nepHOA OT BpeMe. 06paTHO, KoraTo Te3H BeAHgaHM
ce npouennT no BpeMe, nOA3eMHHTe BOAR HMaT HeyCTal0BeHO ABHHCeaxe. H3MeHeHHero na
CnOMeHBTnTe eejngnnH Mo)Ke Aa 6iAe pe3yJTaT Ha ecTecTaeaa HAH H3KyCTBeKH npH9HHH,
Kwro aTMoc4lepmc aaAeaa, H3MeHeHHe 'a H3napennero, Toneae 'Ha cneroae, eKCnaoaTamm as
nOAaeMHH aoAH, OpOCABane HAM OCymaBaHe Ha naOMH H Ap.
4. OfIPEAE]IAHE HA f1000KATA H CKOPOCTTA HA ABH)KEHHE
IIPH fOA3EMHHTE 130AR
coMAaMCa, paanoaoacemi na Bbpxoaere as euw paanocrpaaen TpmbrbMHHK c A16AHCHHU Ha
CTpaHHTe, He no-mama OT 100 M. 14aaepaa ce Aba6oganaTa AQ WWOTO Ha BoAaTa, Caea
xoeTO ce npen3gmcnaBa a6cojornara Han oT$Q,cnreanara ancogana na aoanara nOB'bpIHOCT.
B 3aBHCHMOCT Or aba6ogHHara Ha rpynrorHTe Bonn ce H3pa6oTBar rpM myplpa Ham
flocoKaTa Ha ABHHCeHHe na rpyHTOBHTe ROAM ce onpeAenn pea Tpibrba9Hxa Ha
nOMOnnTa Ha KapTH C xHApom3oxHHCH.
V6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CAeA HHTepnonHpaHe efHaKBtire no BHCOgHHa TogKH ce cbeAHHABar H ce nonygaBaT H30-
JIHHHH, Hape4eHH XHApOH30XHnCH. JhHHNATa, nepneIAHKyJIapHa Ha XHApOH3oXHHCHTe, AaBa
nocoxaTa na ABHH(eHHe Ha rpyHTOBHaI' LOTOK (4)Hr. 7-3).
n, r~cn
ik 8,
G ne +IQ00
13,0014,40 J. x 11,00 1100
4Hr. 7-3. OnpeAeAAHe nocoKaTa Ha
ABH)KeHHe Ha nOA3eMHaTa BOAa d0
TpHbr1AHHKa Ha T mm
u
k=1
Apyra Bb3MONCHOCT 3a onpeAeasHe SIOcoxaTa,
B KOATO ce ABH)KH rpyHTOBHAT nOTOK, e Kap-
TaTa C XHApOH30XHnCH. qpe3 Hen ce H3acuaBa
o6Hiara ndcoxa Ha ABHMCeHHe Ha AOAara no
uauara naoiu Ha rpyHTOBuTe BoAH. KapraTa ce
H3pa6OTBa c noMOIuTa Ha Mpeaca or H3pa6oTKH,
KOHTO BnocaeACTBHe ce HaHaCAT IbpXy TOnO-
rpa4)CKa OCHOBa H gpe3 HHTepnompaHe ce no-
Jlygaaa nOCOKaTa Ha rpyHTOBHA nOTOK BbB BCHg-
KH ygaCTbuH.
OnHTHOTO onpeAeaAHe Ha cxopocrra na ABH-
]KeHHe Ha rpyHroBHre BoAH CraBa pea HHAHKa-
TopH. 3a ueara ce 3aaaraT KOHTponHH ulypq)oBe
nAH COHAa)KH, B KORTO ce Ha6JHOAaBa nbpBaTa
nOHBa H H3MeHeHHATa B CbCTaBa Ha 6arpHAKaTa.
4pe3 nocrpoABaHero Ha rpa4)HKa ((rHr. 7-4) 3a
H3MeHeHHeTO Ha HHAHKaTOpa ce onpeueAA CKO-
pOCiTa, C KOSITO ce ABH)KH rpyHTOBHST nOTOK.
4pe3 4)opMynaTa Ha L apcm Moze Aa ce H3-
4HCAH Koe4rnnHeHmT Ha 4IHaTpauuaTa
KBAeTO u e CKOpOCT B M/24 q., nonygena no onHTeH ImT ;
I - Hanop6H rpaAHeHT.
Hall-gecro ynorpe6aBaHHTe HE HKBTOpH ca:l4layopecuHH, eo3HH, nHKpHUOBa KHCeJHHa,
McTHAeHOBa CHHKa, rOTBapCKa COJT,, COAH Ha AHTNA H AP., KOHTO ce OTKpHBBT no cneKTpaaeH
X30 - - --1- -- ~- -
1@ 1011111 Z 3.4 5 6 7 8 9 1011
4 ur. 7-4.
nbT. OCBeH Tom ?Ce H3nOA3yBaT
aMOHHeB XAOpHA H ApyrH CbeAB-
HeHHH, noaHwaBau(H eaeKrponpo-
BOAHMOCTTa Ha BoAara. flpaBHAHO-
To npoae)KAane Ha OnurHre e B
3aBHCHMOCT OT TO4HOTO onpeAPAa-
He Ha nocoxara Ka rpyBTOBHa no-
TOK H reoJO3SKHA CTpoe)K Ha H3-
cAeABaHHSI ygacrbK.
KOAHgecTBOTO HHAHKaTOp, KoeTO
Tp068a As ce ynorpe6H nPH npo-
.BeacAaae Ba onHTa, e B 3aBRCH-
mocT oT BoA0nponycISAHsocrTa Ha
CKaJHTe H ce onpeAeaa npH6AH3H-
reAHO? no Ta6AHua 7-3.
rpad1NK 3a H3MeHeHeHHe Ha HHAHKaTOpa I7pH npoaemcaaaero us oTAeAHiI-
Te OnHTH C nOMOIUTa Ha 6arpiAHH
Beuiecraa, rOTBapCKa COA BAH no eJIeKTpH4eCKH McTOA ce noCTpOSIBaT CneUHBAHH rpa4ntxu
B pe3yJITaT Ha BOAeHHTe Ha6uoaeHHA, 4pe3 KOHrO cc onpeAeAA AeAcTBHTeJuaTa CKOpocT
Ha ABHHCeHHe.
KaTO ce Mae pa3cTOAHHeTO MeucAy ABere H3pa6oTKN 1. H BpeMeTO, 3a KoeTO Ce e
npHABHHCNA aHAHKaTOpbT McHCAy TAX t, MOBCe As ce onpeAeJH AeflcranreAHara CKOpOCT Ha
rpyHTOBHa nOTOK no CpopMyaaTa -
CKOpOCTTa Ha 4)HATpanHA v ce onpeAeaa no ypaanenaeTO
(7,15) V=u. n,
KbAero u e AeNcTBnrenna cKOpocr;
n - o6eM Na nopnre Ha 8OAOHOCHHSI naacT, onpeAeaeH.HO Aa6opaTopennaqun.
i6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6aBua7-3
Ko HReeTOO Ha HHaHK$TYpa (B r cyzo T4rAO)
as BteKH 10 M ALaIkHHI or Hbta
HaKMeHOBaHHe Ha HHAHKarO
a
p
36 rAHHecTH
CHUM
Si HHCb4HH
cKaAK
3a HaU7KIHH
CKMAH
3a KapCTOHH
CK$A
9PayopecuHH
5,20
2,10
,
2,20
2
10'
fayopaHTpoH
5,20
8
10
2,20
,
2
10
E03HH
5,20
2,10
2,20
,
2
10
EpHTp03HH
I
1x,40
10,30
10,40
,
10
40
lepaeHo Koaro
20,80
2080
,
20,80
,
20
80
McTHaeHosa boa
20,80
20
60
20,80
,
20,80
AHHJIHHOBa He6ecHa
20,80
20,70
20,80
20
80
9epeepo nOHCO
10,40
10,30
10,40
,
10;40
HanopHHHT rpaAHenr ce onpeAeaa 0T 4nopuyaara
(7,16) 1=h1 L,
ICbAeTO h1 H h2 ca HHBOTO Ha BonaTa B onnrHaTa m Ha6JuonaTeaHaTa H3pa6oTKa;
L - pa3CToaHHe Me)KAy Tax
5. ,1 BH?KEHHE HA IlOA3EMH 1TE BO,IUI B E1 HOPO) HA CPEaA
B 3aBHCHMOCT OT eAHOpOAHOCTTa nO OTHOweHHe Ha JHTOJIOMCKHSI CbCTaB Ha BOAOHOCHHH
x0PH30HT B xOpH30HraJHO H BepTHKaJHO HanpaBJleHHe pa3awgaBalde ABa THna BOAOHOCHH
naaCTOBe : eAH000ABB H HeeAHOpOA1# 1. BOAOaOC11NTe IIAaCTOBe MOraT Aa 6bAaT pa3AeaeHH gpe3
BOAOyY!IOpHH caoeBe OT rJHHH, rJIHHecTH nsc i, n, AOJIOMHTH, HJTTHH BapoBH11H, 1WHCTH H Al).
R0raro TOKOBHTe alFHH B XHApOHaoxHnCHTe Ce npeCHtIaT noA npae brba, nOTOKbT Ce
Hapkga XUIOCbK (4)Hr. 7-25). TaKns cIIy'all Moe Aa ce nra6aioAaea npH rpyaroa norok
UPOTH4BIU B CpaBHHTeAHO Tecen ygactBK Me*Ay pexa m xanaa.
4Hr. 7-6. Exena Ha naocbx rpyHTOB 11o10K
B npHpoAara Hail-gecTo ce cpeluaT paAHaaHH rpyHTOBH noroun, 4HHTO xHApOH3oxHHCH
npeacraBARBar KPHBH aHHHH. JIHHHHTe Ha ToKa, xOBTO ca BHHarEHepneaAHKyAHpHH Ha xH-
ApoH30XHHCBre, HMBT Bette BHA ma paQHycH. B TepaclTe Ba pezHTe-(iiw. 7-6) ce na6aloAa-
Bat pal&Haam notouN. PaAHaaHH noTOUH ce Ha6anoAaBaT N npH npHTOK na BoAa KbM:KmeBHH.
Pa4XoAbT Ha rpynToBHs nOTOK (4)Hr. 7-7) ce onpeAeaa no OCHOBHOTO AH4)epeauaaaHo
ypaaaenne Ha 1UoniOH
(7,17) Q_-k. FdJ,
KBAeTO Q e pa3xoA Ba rpyHTOBBB nOTOK B MB/24`.g.;
k - Koe4BuuIeBT Ha 4niaTpauBa B M'24 g. ;
F - nnow ma Hanpe'BOro ceveme s Ma ;
H- ine3oMeTpHgeH Hanop a M;
S - paacroaune no nbra Ha 4nfatIM=nTa s M.
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a) BOAOHOCeH XOPH30HT C XOpH30HTaJIeH BOAOynop
Pa3xoA'bT Ha rpyHTOBHA nOTOK npH XOpH3OHTaaeH BOAOHOCeH CAOa 3a eAHHHL[a BeAH-
4HHa OT UIHPHHaTa My H npH yCTaHOBeHO ABNHcenHe, noAgHHABaH;o ce Ha AHHefHHa 32KOH
Ha AapcH (4)Hr. 7-8), ce H3pa3ABa C ypaBHeHHeTO
(7,18) q=k hil-he
21
HAN
(7,19)
q=k. hi/' 2 1 Ico=k hl+h2 hl-h2
'
KbAeTo q e eAHBB4eH pa3xoA Ha rpyHTOBHA nOTOK;
k Koe4,HIW)IeHT Ha dniaTpagHA ;
hl H? - MOII;HOCT Ha BOAOHOCBHA IIA3CT B Abe cegeHHa - I H II ;
l - pa3CTOAHHe Me)KAy CeueHHATa I H 11;
hcp - CpeAHa MO1(HOCT Ha BOAOHOCHHA nnaCT,
hehl+h2 .
p c 2
hcp - cpeAeH rpaAHeHT Ha pa3rae)KAaHH9 y9acmx,
hl-h2
Icp= 1
OnpeAeJAHeTO Ha I(HJOCTHHA pa3XOA Ha rpyaTOBHA noroK Q ce H3BbpwBa,
yMHOMCH eAHHH9HHBT pa3xoA q c WHpHHara Ha nOTOKa B.
(7,20) Q=k. B hcp . Ip.
6) BOAOHoceH XOpH3OHT C HaKJIOHeH. BOAOyHOp
Pa3xoAbT Ha rpyHroB nOTOK C HaKaoHeH BOAOynop ce onpeAena npH6AH3HTenHO c npeA-
noaceHHTe OT r. H. KaMeHCICH H H. A. IInoTHHKOB cpopM AR.
Karo H3noA3yBa OCHOBHHA 3aKOH Ha 1IapCH, r. H. KaMeHCKH npeAnara eAHHHgHHH pa3-
xoA Ha rpyHTOBHB noroK Aa cc onpenena no o6o6u eHaTa cpopMyAa Ha AlonIOH (4)Hr. 7-9)
(7,21) q=khi+ha . H1-H2
2 1
Ta3H cpopMyaa e npeno)KHMa H 3a HaUO HH BOAR.
H. A. FInoTHHKOB npeAAara onpeAeJAHeTO?Ha eANBH9HHA pa3xoA Aa CraBa no cpop-
Myaara
(7,22) q,.:k. hip . lcp , cos a,
KbAM a e brbAbT, n0A KOaTO e HaK,OHeH BOAOynOpbT WbM xopH3oHTa.
'opMyJara rpA6sa Aa ce H3nOa3yBaa npH HaKAOH Ha Boiloynopa Han 100.
Ilpn no-ManbK HaKJOH C ycnex MoHce Aa ce H3ROA3yBa 4)opMyAaTa
(7,23) q = k hcp . Icp.
.I(BH)KeHHeTO Ha rpyHroBRre BOAH npH HaKAOHeHH eAHOpoAHH BOAOHOCHK nAacroBe c Haa-
rOnaMa rogHOCT onpeAena aKaA. H. H. ClaBAOBCKH. CbKpareHRBt BHA Ha ypaBHeHHeTO e
CAeAHNAT:
it
P (n2) - ~ (711)?
KbAeTO i e HJKJOH Ha BOAOHenpOnyCKAHBHH nAaCT;
l - pa3CTOAHHe McMCAy pa3rae)KAaHHTe ce9eHHa B M;
ho - npBBeAeHa MOIHHOCT Ha rPyHTOBHA nOTOK, KOATO 6H HMaA nOTOKbT npH paBHO-
Mepno ABH)KeHHe B AaAeHHA naacT; OnpeAeAJI Ce OT`ypaBHeHHero
q=k.hoi;
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
SSo
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
III H '12 - oTHOCHTerHa MOn1HOCT Ha rpyHTOBHH nOT010 B Ce9eHHHTa I H II; onpeAeJH ce no
cpopMyaHre ,
h2 hl
Yla= ho H 'qi= ko
hl H h2 - MOHIHOCT Ha nnacTa B cegeHHHTa I H ll.
Ql
1Hr. 7-10. a) Mon{HOCTTa Ha BOAOHOCHHA cnofi no nocoxa Ha nOTOxa ce
yseAH9aBa; 6) MOIUHOCTTa Ha BOAOHOCHHH moil no nocoxa Ha noTOxa
ce HaManasa
Kaxro ce snHCAa OT par. 7-10, npH npaH HaxnoH Ha soAoynopa ca Bb3MOHCHH Asa
cayvaH :
1. 1IpH h1 > h2 - MOIUHOCTTa Ha BOAOHOCHHH Cn0I1 no nocoxa Ha MOTOxa ce HaMa,ABa
(7,25)
2. Ilpa hl < h2 - MouuHOCTTa Ma BOAOHOCHHH moot ce ysennvasa
(7,26) (~=~+In (+1-1).
4Hr, 7-11. ABHxceHHe Ha rpyHTOB no-
TOx npH o6pareH HaMOH Ha eol[oynopa
IIpH o6paTeH, HaxnoH Ha BoAoynopa (4 nr. 7-11) cp ce onpeAerH no cpopMynara :
(7,26) (p (,1)= -,q+ In (I ++1).
3HaneHnsTa Ha cpyHICUHHTe 3a 4p('q) ce AaBaT B npMnoNCeHne 7-1.
3,40
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KaTO ce x3noa3yBaT 4)opMyJHre sa HepasxoMepHoTo ABHNCeaxe as H. H. faBJIoBCKH,
Mo)Ke Aa ce onpeAeAH pa3XOA'bT Ha rpyHTOBHH noTOK uMxAy ABe ceveHHH, Aa ce nocTpox
AenpecxonaaTa KpHBa H Aa ce pewlar ApyrH BanCml aaaa'x npu nosuwasaHe HHBdw Ha
rpyHTOBHTe BOAH.
a) PaA Aea ? HOTOK
Pa3xoA7,T Ha paAHaaeH (Reno-bi) nOTOK npH xOpx3OHTa8tHaoAOynop ce
npemoMceaara or 1'. H. KaMeHClcH 4)opsyaa
b1-b2 h1i+h2$
Q=kln b1-In b2 ? 2L
K?bAero k e Koe4)HuxeuT Ha IpHATpanBH ;
b1 H b2 - IIIHPHHa Ha rP3(HTOBRH nom B ABe eanpe'fH cegeaMH (I H II) ;
h1 H by - MOIUHOCT Na BoAOHOCBHH naBCT B CJ,u1HTe cege$HH;
L - pascToHHae Me2KAy ce9eaHHTa I H !! (4IIr. 7-12).
9V
Our. 7-12. I7aaa ua paAHaneH noTOK
(no 1'. H. KaMeacKH)
ropxoro ypaaxeBHe e nosy9eHo ropes HuTerpupaHe as Am4epesuaa uaro ypaaBeule na
JionroH.
3a HenaoC'bK rpyHTOB nOTOK 4)opMyaaTa ua J1.iomoH npxeMa caeAHHH BHA :
blh$ka , tfi-H2
2
K?hAeTO H1 H H2 ca BHCOMHHH Ha HHBOTO Ha BOAa13 B rop}ioTO H AOJIHOTO ce9eHHe Ha nO-
TOKa B M (4)Hr. 7-13).
3a =f-o6BaHx cay+Iaa m rpy$TOB nosou ce BBaosayla ypeaueHCro
Wi+a-2 H1- H2
Q=k 2 ,
KbAeTO COI .H 0)g npeACTBBAHBaT IIJIOHIH Ha nbpBOTO H BTOpOTO ce9eHHe B M?.
r) OTMHTaHe Ha noB'bpxnomaTa HH(#lHATpaLH9
1IBHNIeHHeTO Ha rpyHTOBaTa B o n a B M e * A y p e M e a l CHB, ApeHHpaux ce oT ABe CTpaHH,
npH xopH3oHTaneH Boaoynop H npH naMHHapHo ABHacerne ce H3pa3HBa C ypaBHeHHeTO Ha
r. H. KaMeHCKH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Pa3xOA'br Ha rpyHTOBHa nOTOK 3a 1 M oT HeroBaTa lIHPHHa B Koero H Aa e HerOBo
ceveHHe ce H3pa3s,Ba C 4ropMyaara
h2 l
(7,30) qx=k hI 2 h2 - w 1 2 - x) [M3/24 y.] ,
xbaero k e Koe4)HgaeHT Ha 4)Hhrpa?HA B M/24 v.;
h1 H h2 - MOUIHOCT Ha BOAOHOCHHA naaCT B CICeACTBO C n?bpBaTa H BTOpaTB peKa? B M ;
w - KojHQeCTBOTO BOAa, nporH4alua npe3 eAHHHga nnou1 or rpyHra 3a eAHHHua
BpeMe, H3paseHO KaKTro npH k ;
1 - pa3cro9HHe MewwAy peKHTe B M;
x - pa3croaHHe or nbpBara peKa AO pa3rneacAaHOTO cegeHHe a m
4Hr. 7-14. aenpecaoaaa KPHBa npH
McHCAypegeH MacHa
PasxoAbr Ha BoAara B ce4eHHero, cbceAHo Ha nbpBara peKa, e paaeH Ha
(7,31) 41=kha_ 21-u- 2
Pa3xoAbT, npoTHqaut npe3 ceveHHero Ha BTopara pexa, e
(7,32) hi - h22 1
9a=k 21 +00
B 3aBHCHMOCT OT sHaKa (nOaO)CHTeaen aaH orpuuaTeaeH) ce onpeAeaq nocoxaTa, B KOBTO
Te4e rpyHTOBHAT nOTOK. IIpH noao*CHTeJIeH 3HBK BOAaTa Te9e B Ta3H nocoKa, B KOBTO ce
MepH X (KIM BTopaTa peKa) H o6parHO nPH OTpHgaTeneH 3HaK.
AenpecHOHHara KpHBa npH oTquraHe Ha HHITHJITpaIZHBTa OTrope as KOHTO H Aa e T09Ka
Ha rpyHTOBHH HOTOK OT MelcAype9HH9 MaCHB ce onpeAe!H no CAeAHOTO YPaBHeHHe Ha
F. H. KaMeaCKH.
(7,33) h=V h2 hl l h2 X+ to
(I-x) X.
O6o3HageaxsTa ca Kaxro BIB cpopMyaara (7,30).
MAN
6. ABH)KEHHE HA I'PYHTOBH BOAH B . HEEAHOPOAHN IIAACTOBE
IIpH H3MeHeaHe Ha BogonponycK,H3OCrra Ha nnacra B XOpH3OHTanxa H BepTHKaaHa
nocoKa (lpxr. 7-15) pa3xOAbr Ha rpyHTOBHB nOTOK sa 1 M mapHHa ce onpeueaa no ypae-
HeH8eTO Ha Aapcu
(7,34) 9akcp hcp . I-k1c, h +k'acp ha h1+h2 hI - h2
1+h2 2 1
(kic.hi+kacp ha h1-h2
2 l
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KbAeTO k1p it kkp ca cpeAHH tcoe$lnqueHT na 4w"Oft s cegexaata 1 H II H ce HagH-
kk'h1+ka hs+ ... +kn hn
kcp:rucc h1+h2+ ... +hn
h1 H h2 - MO1U$OCT Ha BOAOHOCHHH naacT B cbn[nre cegeHna;
1- paacronnxe Mexcay cegenaaia:
ropnaTa cpopMyaa noxce Aa ce npxnara H npH nanopnn BOAR.
QBH)KeHReTO Ha rpyHTOBHTe BOAH B nAACTOBeTe c pasfta cMana Ha aoAonponyCKAHaoc7Ta-
B 1opH3o0Taana notate ce cpeata npa nOKpHsane na gate or KopenwiTe cKMH, c icoe411-
cDxr. 7-15. ABnacenne na rpynoax BoAH
B neeAaopOAen ntacT
1 nr. 7-16. AaalKemle na
rpynTOaH BOAR npn pa3Ka
c7tnna na aoAOnponycKAH-
aocna na nxacra
(no F. H. KanencKn)
Wien na 10HATpaWi51 k1 Ha AaAen CKJ1OH C anyBHanHH OTAo iceHHR c xoe4 onoenT Na (OnATpa-
qHn k2 ((rHr. 7-16). AKo HanHmeM ypaBneHHeTO 3a AaH)KeHHe Ha rpyHTOBHTe BOAH a KO-
penaHTe cKaAH, ute noaay9HM
h2
- h$
y~k1 21,
2 2g 11
s= k1
3a anyswaAaaTa Tepaca anafOrHgHO ce nonyRaua ypaBHenneTO
2q 12
(7,3b) "t - ,.2- ka .
Karo ce cb6epaT ropHHTe ypaanenxa, ce nonygaea:
2
11 18
2
)
(7,37)
h
1 -
=
q (k1.1 k2
, .
h2 h2
1-
Ill k1+k2I
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B. AOAll"Qp IAA I'PYHTOBHTE BOAR
KoraTO ce Cb3AaBaT HOBH BOaoxpaHHJIHma HJIH Ce noBHUlaBa HHBOTO Ha BOAara B pe-
KHTe, CB7,p3aHHTe C TAR rpyHTOBH BOAH H3MeHBT CBOH pe)KHM. BOAHTe Ha OTKpHTHTe 6acefHH
nOAnnpaT rpyHTOBHTe B0AH H TA%HOTO HHBO Ce nOBHInaBa. B 3aBHCHMOCT OT nponwnKHreJ1-
HOCTTa Ha ROAnopa Mo)Ke Aa ce nonygH rIOCTOHHHO HAH HenOCTOAHHO noAnHpaxe Ha rpyH
TOBHTe BOAR.
TeopHAra 3a noAnopa Ha rpyHTOBHTe BOA1I npH pa3JIHIIHH ycaoBHH e pa3pa6oTeaa OT
r. H. KaMeHCKH.
1. ROAi1OP HA I'PYHTOBH BO,IjI 11PH XOPH3OHTAJIHO'fOJIO)KEHHE
HA BOAOYr10PA
E
H
H
Jj
OPOAFH BOAOHOCEH fIJIACT
Hall-o6111HST BRA Ha ypaBBeRHero 3a noAnopa Ha rpynTouHTe BOAH Cnope,q r. H. Ka-
McHCKH e CJIeAHHaT ((Our. 7-17) :
y=V ha+(( j~ x
/11) I ,(Y2 - h2)
KbAeTO h e HHBO Ha royRroBara BOAa,
HaMHpalwa ce Ha pa3CTO8HHe
x or 6pera Ha peKa A (Bo-
AOxpaHHAHnje);
y - HHBO Ha BOAara CAeA nOAHO-
pa Ha pa3crosuHHe x or pe-
Ka A ;
h1 H ha -- HHBO Ha BoAara npH pecca A
YI H ya - CbIHOTO, HO ?CJ1eA nougopa ;
OHr. 7-17. lloAnop Ha rpyxrOBH BOAW # - pa3croaHxe McHCAy ' ABere
B Me)KAypegex MaCHa peKx.-
(PopMynara e npxn0)KHMa B cJlyganTe,
noBHlxaBa B ABere peKH, 6e3 npeMecrBaae $a cegeHHeTO (px CTpbMHHr6peroBe)a BOAa ce
rlpx nOBHmenHe Ha HHBOTO B eAHa Or pexxre H npH 3ana38aHe Ha nbpBOHa4aJiRH9 pe-
)KRM Ha Apyrara pexa (y2=h2) (4)Hr. 7-18) ypaaxeHHero 3a noAnopa Ha rpyxroeHH rtOTOK
HMa CJeAHHSI BHA.:
7,40
Y= Y,42+/.. '- hi) I-X
AKO B 3onara Ha noAnopa ce cpeuua cyx OBpar ((JHr. 7-;9), AenpBCHOHHaTO KpHBa'
H34HCACHa no eAHO OT AOCeramaare ypaBReaHA, nie H3Jle3e 170?BHCOKO OT HeroBo7o AbHO
(o3xageHa e C nyHKTHp). B T03H cAygafl ce H3nOJl3yBa Caej(xara (popMyna:
(7,41) y-yjta h(yI hl) I X+(yo-hp) x
1'
Kum h0 @ MOH(HOcr Ha BOAOHOCHHR fJlacr IIOA CyXOTO ABHO Ha OBpara, npeAH noAnopa;
Yo - C I.IHOro, Ho caeA noAnopa ;
- pa3cro11HHe Or oBpara AO 6pera Ha BoAOxpanHAHwer0.
KoraTO IIIHpHHaTa Ha MexcAypegHeTo e MHorOKpaTHO HO-roJaMa OT IIIHpHHaTa Ha 30?
HaTa X, Amu m e Bb3MOacn0 Aa Ce'nOJlygH HOAnOp Ha rpyHTOBHA nOTOK, ()OpMyJIara npHeMa
CAeAHHA BHA:
344
V=Vyi+ ha - hi.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. I OLLnOP HA CPYHTOBN BOAR IPH HAKJIOHEHO IIOJIO)KEHHE
HA BO.aO 'tiOPNUg fIJIACT N > K pPgAflh ._
Karo ce Hanon3yBa ypaanexxe1o Ha aKaA. IIaBAOBCKH (7,24) 3a noAnopa
rpya roBH BOAR, Ce noAygaBa CaeAHaTa 4lopMyna :
(7,4 ) as l 1 - a fa...' \ - !_ .. e %
ho -- nopMaJHa AbA604Ima Ha noTOKa ;
EP -- 3HaK Ha 4lyHKuH9ra 3a KplaaTa Ha nOAHOpa, 3Ha eNHAra Ha
KOHTO ce BSeMaT of npHaonreme 7-).
4Hr. 7-18. Ilonnop Ha rpyntem, BoAH npR noBHma-
BaHe ma HHBOTO Ha BoAara B e,AHaTa'peKa
1Hr. 7-19. floAnop Ha rpyHTOBH BoAH,
KOraTO e HaJHge Cyx OBpar
4Hr. 7-20. iloAnop Ha
rpyHTOBH BOAR P H HaIUIO-
HeH BoAoynop,H npp.eAHO-
poAna cpeAa
HopMaaaaTa A%A6oenna ce onpeAeeH no 1OpnyaaTa (4)Hr. 7-20) :
(7,44) 10 6-ho 19, (th)- t(01,
Kum h1 ha
/hi - Aba6OYHHa Ha rpyHTOBHB nOTOOK B ropEkOVO ce9euHe
hs ;
- Cbn(0, HO B AoAHOto CeleHHe;
Io - HaKnou Ha BOaoynopa,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
F. ABH)KEHHE HA [lO113EMHHTE BORN KbM BOAOB3EMHH
C ,OPb}KEHH51
1. BHAOBE BOAOB3EMHH CbOPb)ICEHH$1
EKcnnoaTaI*HATa Ha noA3eMHHTe BOAH Mo)Ke Aa ce OCbIUeCTBH pea BepTHKaJIHH HAH
xOpH3oHTaAHH BOAOB3eMHH Cbopb)KeHHA KbM BepTHKaAHHTe BoAOB3eMJIH cbopbWCeHHH ce OT-
HBCAT pa3AHgHHTe BHAOBe KJIaAeHI(H, IIIaxTH, Iuyp4K)Be H COHAa)KHH npO6HBH, a KbM XOpH-
3oHTanHHTe - 3aKpHTMTe ApeHa)KH, KanTaNCHHTe raaepIH, ApeHa)KHHTe KaHaBKH, CTpOHTeA-
HBTe H3KOnH H AP.
B BacTOHIUOTO pbKOBOACTBO m e ce pa3rAeAaT CaMO BepTHKaJHHTe BOAOB3eMHH C?bopbHCe-
HHH. B 3aBHCHMOCT or eKcnaoaTHpaHHH BOAOHoCeH XOPH30HT Te ce pa3AeJIHT Ha rpyHTOBH
H apTe9HaHCKH. B Cay4aaTe, KOraTO nHe3oMieTpH4HOTO HHBO Ha aple3HaHCKHTe BOAH ce no-
HH)CH nOA rOpHHHH BOAOynop, BoAoB3eMHOTO cbopblceHHe ce HapH4a rpyIToBo-apTe3HaHCKH
KnaAeHeu.
no Ha4HHa Ha sanaraneTO BbB BoAOHOCHHH Cnofl KAaAeH Te ce pasAeAHT Ha CbBbp?
nleHH H HecbBbpIHeHN. CbB?bpweHH CO TesH, Ha KOHTO AbHOTO e AoBeAeHO AO AOAHHH
Bonoynop Ha BOAOHOCHHH XOpH30HT H o6paTHO, HeCbB-bpuIIeHH ca Te3H, Ha KOHTO AbaoTO
He e AoseAeHO Ao BoAOynopa.
BoAOnponycKAHBOCTTa Ha cKanHTe ce'onpeAeJH..C noMOIIIra Ha nOJICKK OfHTHH pa6oTH
HAH 9pes npoBe)CAaee'PO Ha aa6opaTOpHH H3cJIeABaHH9.
no OfHTeH nbT npH noncxa o6CTaHOBKa uo)Ke Aa ce onpe)lenH Koe4)HUHeHTbr Ha 4)Hn-
TpauHHTa no eAHH Or CneAHHTe McTOAH:
1. OnHTHH BoAo4epneHHH Or COHAaNCH;
2. onHTHH BoAogepneHHH or wyp4)oae ;
3. onHTHO HanHBanega BoAa B c09Aa)CH;
4. HaAHBaHe Ha Bona B wYP4)oae ;
5. OnHTHO BOAOHarHeTHBaHe B coHAa)Kn.
OIIHTHHTe BOAogepneHHH (eAHHH4HH HAH rpynOBH) ce npoBe)CAaT B CTaAHH Ha npoy9-
BaHe 3a HAeAHHH H TeXHH4eCKHH npOeKT. 11pH npoy9BaHeTO 3a TexHH4ecKH5I npoeKT pa3no-
ao)KenHeTo Ha onHTHHTe yuaCTbUH CbBnaAa c 6bAenIHTe BOAOB3eMHH CbopbNCeHBH. Ha6no-
AaTeAHHTe coHAa)Ku npH OnnTHH BOAOYepneHHH ce 3anaraT BbB BHA Ha 1 Ao 4 am a
(4)Hr. 7-21).
/a _~ifnay
0
r?
; ~1/by
da / /
~
(PHr. 7-21. CxeMa 3a pa3nonoxcewHe Ha Ha6AIOAaTeAHH coHAa)cH npH OnHTHH BoAo4epneHHH
2. YPABHEHHSI 3A OIIPEAEJIS1HE kOEdHILHEHTA HA bHJITPALkHSI
B Ta6nuuM 7-4, 7-5 H 7-6 ca AaAeHH 4)opMyAH 3a H3sIHCJIHBaae Koe4nluHeHTa' Ha
CwHnTpauua k no peByJITaTH OT OHHTHH BoAo4epneHHH.
a346
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ogee BoAogepseHH2 oT eAHHHgeH CBbpasauL xuaAeaeq
as paanoa x emmwe
l
EBApaB.wIeexw THB Ma
Cxeiu
OOPMY I
ABTOp
eBp~o BOA eoaoew
BOASeuaITa Bona
1
2
a
4
5
366
0
Q
R
A10n10H
Hanopaa Bona
,
(7,45) k-
.
Ig
Aaae9 OT
aonoeua
?ar. 7-22
-
Besaanopaa aoAx
N i
(7,46) k= 0,732. Q Ig R
Alonlox
Ow'. 7-23
Ena3xo Ao
Hano ea aoAa
p
(7,47) k= 0,366. Q 1 2a
m s
g r
'opxaauep
so oeue
?
?
Oar. 7-24
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
I
BAH3KO AO
BonoeMa
Pa3noAOaceHHe
Ha KAaaeHusTe
XHapaBAH9ecKH THn Ha,
noaiuw*Ta :abAa. J U-
-
C1eMH
40pMyAH
ABT0p
CnpfMO BOAOeMa
npaBAenHe Ha Abva
cnpHMO BOaOeMa
2
3-
4
5
HanopHH BOAR
(7,49) k= 0,366 . Q Ig ra
m (sl-S-2) rl
llaae4 or
(PHr. 7-26
AionIOH
BOAOeHa
S,
Be3uppu NOAH
N
(7,50) k- 0,732. Q r2
lg
(2H-s1-sa) (s1-s2) rl
r
*Hr. 7- 27
(7,48) k _ 0,732 . Q lg 2a
(2H - ,o)so ro
EAHHH4HR1 BOAO epHeHHfl npH OBH'[HH y4acTbu,H cbc cbBbpmeHH KAaAeHUH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
4 opMyAa 3a eAHH Ha6111oJ[aTeAeH xnaneHeu
(7,51) k- 0,366 . Q , ig 2a ? ,1
m s1 r1
4opMyna 3a AHa Ha6moj[arenHH xaaAeaeua
(7,52) k= 0,366. Q . 1g 2a f r1 1g 2a f r2
m (S1-S8) . r2 r2
f]ORO CHTeAHHHT HAH OTpIU TeAHHAT 3Hax npeA r1
H r2 e H 3aBKCHMOCT or paMONON(EHHeTO Ha Ha&iio a-
TeAHHH KAa)(eHeu cnp9Mo HoAOeMa H ueHTpaAHHH KAa-
AeHeu; npH oTpnuaTeieH 3Hax Ha6n1o)(areAHHAr xAaAe-
Heu e Me)KJ(y Hoj[oeMa n ueHTpaAHH% KAaAeHeu H o6-
paTHo npH nono)KHTeAeH 3HaK
(PopMyia 3a eAHB Ha&zw aTedeH KaaAeueu
0,366. Q 1 V4aa+ri
m 81 g rl
4'opMyia 3a Apa Haft='Team xAaueneua
(7,54) km 0,366.. Q rr 1 1 4as- r12 +1 rz
m (s1-s~ 12 g ' a_ r? 8-'1)
a e pa3cTOAHHeTo Me)K)[y BoAOeMa H ueuTpaaHHA
KAaAeHeu
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1
I 2
I 3
5
9)opMyna 3a eAKH xa6moAareaen Kaaueneu
Sa6ywKnn
Se3nanopEm BOAR
0,732. Q 2a ? rl
(7.55) k-
g
na6JnoAaTeaan9r
nbq e pa3noJloxcen
77.
Ir
I
rl
sl(2fi-s1)
na 3a ABa na6moAarennx Knaneneua
M
4 o
ne
neu
BK
A9
xo
S
L1=J L>
p
y
p
y
p
A
xa opera na
- fr2
k= 0,732. Q (~ 2a?r1 2a
(7,56 . L g
H
BouoeMa
r.. H'
-s1 s2) r1 ra
(s1-s2) (2
B ropHHTe cpopMyax 3HaKr,T (+) xnx (-) npeA r1
Q r
H r2 ce OnpeAen9 B 3aBBCBMOCT OT nonoxcexxeTO Ha
ea6moAarenxx9 KJIaAexeu cnp9MO uempannx9 Kna-
(Pxr. 7-30
Aeneu H BOAOeMa
BaaaKO AO
MAW"
c1opiyna 3a eAnn uaftomaTeaen KaaAeneu
Se3nanopax BOAS ;
732. Q ~4a$-Frl
0
(bopxafMep
xa6moMTemmirr
n? 'i e ycnopeAeu
.
r
,
(7,57) k- lg - r
s1( s1) 1
na opera Ha
l
t
4opMyaa 3a Asa xa6moAarennx KaaAexeua
BOAoeMa
H
0,732. Q? 1 4a-}-r12
(7,58) k= -
1+
L
1g
4a-f-r2
(s1-sa)(2Hsl-s2)
2
+lg r$ }
1
(Dnr 7-31
a e paacro9nxe or BoAoeMa Ao ueHTpaJxx9 KaaAexeu
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Paano-
AoKCe-
Ate Ha
KAUtea-
mrre
enpaMo
KoaaNa
jWe4
OT BO-
Aoeaa
43opMy.H 3a H34HCA9iaHe HOe+HgKeHra Ha 4)HATpaUHH k npH eAHHH4HH H rpynosH
y4aCrbgH C HeCbBbpmeHH HAaAeHaH
BKA a ynaCrbKa
K paanoAOaze-
Ute Ha 4KArb-
EAHHHUHO
BOAo4epne-
He: 4ma-
rbpbT e B
CbceACTBO c
rOpHHA
[pag Ha Bo-
AOHOCHH$
nnacT
EAHHHuEo
BOAo epne-
He : 4)nnrb-
pbteis
cpeanaTm
4aCT Na Bo-
AOHOCHHA
naacT
'Hr. 7-35
(7,59) k_0,366 . Q1 1,32.40
4o s0 g ro
(7,60) k=0,366 . Q 1g0,66.10
40.50 ro
ftpmyaaTa ce H3noa3yBa p npn HoA-
pycioBH BoAOuepneHHH, afro $aarb-
pbT e noA AbuOTO Ha pexaTa Ha
pa3CTOOSIHHe
., to
2,3.1810
ro
Ea6yuucHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
xnrbpbr e
s cbceACTBO
C BOAO-
ynopa
apbT e
s cpeANaTa
4acT Ha Bo-
AOKOCgHA
XOpN30RT
~nJ~SlrifiYffi'mn>
4 HJlmpbT .
e B cbceA-
CTlO c DO-
Aoynopa
(7,61) k= 0,366. Q Ig alo
toss , ro
(7,62) k_0,16 Q 2,3 lg,66to
10 so (-
ro
-arsh0,451o
a
k_Q16 . Q 2,3 Ig 1,30 -
lo so ( ro
- arsh 0'9 to
a
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1
2
I g ~ 4 l 6
f 6
OnnrHO BO-
Aoyepnene
c Ha6Aloaa
0
16
Q a l
TeJIHH Ab9H
,
.
(7,64) k= (2,3 Ig
0
+I
i
~
I
S S
0(0-1)1 r0
i)HATbpbT
He e H
?: 1'-+i - '
I
I
h !0
a-
:
-ars
r
nbAHO no-
1
TorreH
(I)Hr.
m ..
7-40
zm
a
V
m_
4axATbpIT e
'.S,
_ Y`_- t,1 - --- ---
, !- T is
S 7
a) UIpH eAHH Ha6111oJlareaeH xnaneHeu
(7,65) k=0,16 . Qarsh i0
to S1 ri
rHpHHCKH
F x
B CbCeA-
4
:' y
6) llpH ABa Ha6nlouaTeAirH xnaueueua
i
1 1
e
crao C BO-
uoynopa
0,16. Q
(7'66) k 1
m
:, n 2
0(x1-s2)
a
!_-~ ,
(arsh 0 - arsh 0)
Ba6ywxun
O s
ri -a
c
(PHr. 7-41 (PHr. 7-42 .
o
m
4'HATb
b
1 S;
k- Q (0,366
l0 (so-s1)
p
T e
pasnoao)ceH
B cpeAHara
4aCT Ha Bo-
}
(7,67) 1 066 la 0,16 arsh 10
g ro 2r1
0 16 Q
(7
68) k
r
h
AOHOCHHA
nA
CT
? , f--
,
s
= (a
10 (Sl-S2)
a
10
r
h
l
2r
_a
s
_r
1 a
fur. 7-43 4)Hr. 7-44
3 a 6 e a e w x a. rlbpBHllr Ha6AaAareaee xauAeaeu e NO pascroliHHe r1=(0,3-0,5) 1o, a xpaAHHXT r2 .(1,2 - 1,5) lo.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
m
t
s
N
~
q
$
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
YCJIOBHH o603HameHHA B'bB 4 OpMynHTe B ra6n. 7-6:
k - KOec1HUHeHT Ha 4)HJITpaL[HATa B M/24 9. ;
Q - Ae6HT Ha KnaAeHeua a M3/24 w.;
m - MOtUHOCT Ha BOAOHOCHMA XOPH30HT npH HanOpHH BOAR B M;
H - MOIUHOCT Ha BOAOHOCHHR XOpH30HT 3a 6e3HanOpHH BOAR B M;
10 - A'bnHCHHa Ha rpHarbpa, B KOATO CC npOBexcAa Bouoyepnesero B M ;
r0 - paAHyC Ha cpHnrbpa B M ;
rl - pa3cTOHHHe or ueHTpaJHHH Ao Ha6moAaTenHHA Knaueneu B M;
rg - pa3cT0HHHe OT ueHrpanHRH AO Kpa1Hts KnaAexeu 9 M;
h - paAHyC Ha BJIHAHHe npH BOAogepneHeTO B M;
s0 - noHH)KeHO HHBO Ha BOAaTa B ueHrpaJHHH KnaAeHeu B M ;
sl - noHH)KeHHe B n'bpBHH Ha6n10AaTeneH KnaAexeu B M;
CKani, Hsrpa)KaautH
aopoHOCHU nAaCT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
sa - noHH)KeHHe B KpafHHA Ha6aK)AaTeaeH KAaJeHeu B M;
a - p83CTOHHHe or ueHTpaaHHB KaapHeu AO BOAOeM8 B M;
CC - Koe(pHuxeHT BbB 4)opMynara 3a Ae6HTa upH Hems-hp ueXH KaaAemi4+ ; cnopeA
H. K. rHpnHCKH e 1,60, a cnopeA B. A. Ba6ywKHH - 1,32;
arsh - 3HaK, onpeAeaAiu ce no npHaoKeHae 7-2.
3. YPABHEHHE 3A OIIPEJ EJIf1HE AEBHTA HA KJIAAEHQHTE
OCHOBHHTe ypaBHeBH9, onpeaeaIwH Ae6Hra Ha KAaAeHgHTe npH AaMHHapaOTO H Typ-
6yaeHTHOTO ABH)KeHHe, ca yCTaHOBeHH OT IjanIOH, IHe3H H KpacHOnoJCKH. B ra6aHtW 7-7
ca AaaeHH (popMyaHTe 3a aaMHBapHO H Typ6yaeITBo AWHMCeHHe Ha noA3eMHHre BOAR.
Ta6AHua 7-7
a) I1pH ygaCTbK or eAHHH9eH coH))
(7,69) Q=1,36 k s (2M - s)
1g R
r
6) IIpH ygaCTbK c Ha&wAaTeaHH Kaanenwi
a) 11pH ygaCTbK OT eAHBHgeH coHAaMc
(7,72) Q = 2,73 k . M . s
ig R
(7,74) Q=2,73 "k . M(sn-1-sn)
lgxn-lgxn-1
k (2M-s?-1-sn) (Sn-1-sn)
mopMyJH 3a onpeaeAgHe Ha Q no
nAOUXTa Ha (bHArbpa H BaoAHara
CKOPOCT Ha aoaaTa BbB 4HATbpa
(7,70) Q=2 ?J1kI=2+v(M-s/k1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
BHCOKOHanopeH BOAOHO-
CeH niiaCT
Caa6OHanopeH BOAOHoceH
nAacT
ME/
1Hr.
7-52
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Q/ 0,7 q3 04 #0. 46 47 48 q9 1
(7,75) Q= k 1 s
0,366 [Ig (1,321)-r[
1 M
SI.
3
2
1+2,3 M Ig 2M
(7,83) Q-4. r. s
357
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
I 2 3
Ee3HanopeH' I __ I F- -
CHnuo HanyxaHH,
9aKbAKH HJIH eApO-
6nOKOBH CKauH
7-53
Tpb6HH KnaJ(eHUH B HanyxaHH cKanH,
pa3HIHpeHH B AOJIHaTa 'JaCT H6 pa3-
AH9HH Ha4NHH
YCAOBHHTe 0603HageHH51 BbB 4opMyuHTe OT Ta6a. 7-7 ca KaKTO Te3H B Ta6n. 7-6
CbC CneAHHTe AOnbnHeHHA:
C e KoeIpiuneHP Ha 4)HJTpaUHA npH Typ6yueHTHO ABH)KeHHe B M/24 v.;
C1 - cbuuo, o6aye B npH3a6ofiHTa o6aaCT, caeA B3pHBABaHe H Ap. B M/24 4. ;
C2 - Cb1u0, HO 3a xpaflHHA npeuen Ha pa3pylneHaTa 30Ha B M/24 9.;
M - MOIUHOCT Ha BOAOHOCHHH XOPH30HT B M;
S - nOHH)KeHHe Ha HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa B KnaAeHeua B M
Sn-1 - nOHH)ICeHHe Ha HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa B npeAnocneAHHA Ha6nloaaTeneH KnaAeueu B M;
S, - nOHHN(aBaHe Ha HHBOTO Ha Bo1aTa B nOCneAHHB (Haft-oTAaae'eHHA) Ha6jK)AaTeneH
KnaJtexeu B M ;
h - A%a60MHHa OT HHBOTO Ha BoiaTa B Hec'bBbpuleHHA xnaAeneu Ao Bonoynopa B M
r - paAHyc Ha xnaAeHeua B M
1 - AbJ)fCHHa Ha 4)HuTbpa B M ;
-3,14
I - xHApaBJIH4ecKH HaKAOH Ha HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa ;
R1 - paaayc Ha pa3pyluenaTa 30Ha npH B3pHBABaHe B M;
xn_1 - pa3crOsme Ao npennocneJHHA Ha6nloAaTeneH KJIaAeHeu B M ;
xn - pa3cTOAHHe AO Haft-OTAaneveHHB Ha6nlonare.TeR KaaueHell B M.
4. OIIPEAEJISIHE HA PAWYCA HA BJIHAHHE. 3ABHCHMOCT
HA 1IEBHTA OT AHAMETbPA HA KJIAAEHEgA H PAAHYCA
HA BJIHSIHHE
OCHOBHHTe 4opMyJH,vpe3 KOHTO npH6nH3HTeJIHO MO)Ke Aa ce H3'HCJIH R, ca cueAHHTe:
KycaKUK
(7,91)
?368
R=575 s VHk ;
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
ks (2M-s) 1+0;5 r
(7,85) Q=1,366 7/
2 R-Ig r V h
V 2h-I
h
(7,87) Q=2 nMc V -r-. s
(7,88) Q
=
2
ar
Mc
V
l
(70) Q=2nM 1
/
S
(7,90)
Q=
2
ar
Mc
l V
1 1
c i r
1
R
l I
l 2 (Rl
/6Hkt .
11 ,
? - BoAOOTAaBaHe.
Tu.K-i(ronlou
a) 3a KnaAeHeu B HeHanopHH BOAR
nk (H2 - h2)
Ig R= 2.3 . Q~ +Igr
2nxM(H - h)
lg R= 2 . 3 . Q +lg r.
KaxTO ce BH)Kna or caennaTa 4)opMyna:
(7,95) Q=1,366 k(2H-s)s
BejHgnHaTa r BnH3a noA 3HaueHaren9 Ha ]IorapHTbMa
H oxa3Ba cna6o BAMHHe Bbpxy npOH3BOAHTeJuiocTTa
Ha xnaiteHeua. OT rpa4n4ka Ha 4)Hr. 7-54 ce BH>xna,
ve AHaMeTbpbT Ha xnaAeHeua c WHpHHa Ao 0,2,u HMa
no-cbtuecTBeHO 3HaveHHe 3a Ae6HTa My. CneAHHHT
30
2
X10
4UOAI Eg 4OAt7,Y/. V'WIid"
4Hr. 7-54. aHarpaMa 3a 3aBHCH-
MOCTTa Ha ne6HTa Q OT 1[HaueTbpa
as xnaAeHeua(no r. H. Kaiencxa)
359
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
npHMep oHarneAHBa 3aBHcHMocTTa Me%ay r H Q.IIpH eAHaKBa MouWHOCT Ha BOAOHOCHHH
nAaCT ce nony9asa
Q1 Ig R2 - lg r2
Q2 1g R1-1gr1
rlpH ycnoBHe me R1=R2=100 Y H r1=0,10 M, a r2=1,0 M
Q1_Ig100-Ig0,10 _ 2+1=115.
Q2 Ig100-Ig1,0 2-0
I73BOAbT e, me npH yaenH4aBaHe Ha paAHyca 10 nr.TH Ae6HTbT Ha KnaAeueua HapacTBa
eABa 1,5 n'bTH (3).
Cibu(OTO BJIHHHHe oKa3Ba H paAHyChT Ha BJIHHHHe R.
He e raKaBa 3aBHCHMocTra Me)CAy r H eKcnnoarauaoHxoro BOAOnOHHHCeHHe, xoero
rPH68a Aa ce HMa npeABHA KaKTO npH HanopHHre, TaKa H npH 6e3HanOpHHTe noA-
5. OfPEAEJISIHE KOEONUHEHTA HA ONJITPAUNSI 4PE3
HHOHJITPAIM51 B WYPOOBE
IIpeAaaranHTe McTOAH 3a onpeAeaaHe Ha Koe4)HuaeHTa Ha CpHATpaUHH no BonAHpeB,
3aMapHH H HecrepoB 1109TH He OTgHTaT KanHAHpHOCTTa Ha CxaaaTa, BcaeACTBHe Ha KOeTO
Ca HeTOYHH. KaTO OTgHTaT KanHAHPHOTO BnHHHHe nPH npOBeNCaaHe Ha OnHTHTe, npo4).
H. C. HeCTepoB H H. f1..CIeHHCOB H H. H. BHHAeMaH npeanaraT no-3aAOBOAHTeJHO yCTaHO-
BHBaHe Ha 4HnTpauHOHHHTe CBOI{CTBa Ha CKaJIHTe.
a) MeroA Ha A. K. BoJiAHpeB
B npoyvBaTenaaTa H3pa6oTKa ce npaaH 3yMn4) C AHaaemp 0,50 M H AT,n6o9HHa
15-20 CM..II'bHOTO Ha 3yMn4)a ce nOKPHBa CbC 3acxnKa OT ape6eH YaK'bn C AHaaeT%p Ha
3'bpaaTa Ao 2 CM, caeA KoerO ce npoaeacAa OnHTHOTO HanHBaae. rloAA'bpHCa ce nOCTOHHHO
HHBO Ha BOAHHH cl-bn6, xOflTO HMa BHCOgHHa 0,10 M. 1Ipe3 BpeMe Ha onHTa ce 9eprae
rpa4 HK 3a 3aBHCHMOCTTa Ha pa3xoi a Ha BOAaTa Q (CM3/MHH.) OT BpeMeTO L (MHH.). OnHT'bT
ce npeKpaTABa, KOraTO CpeAHHHT pa3xoA Ha BOAaTa, H3MepBaHa npe3 30 MHH. B TegeHHe Ha
ABa qaca He ce pa3iH9aaa C noBege OT 10 %.
OpneHTHPOB'b4Ho npOA'bJHCHTeJIHOCTTa ma OnHTa 3a nAC'buH H 9aKbnH e OT 8 Ao 12 q., a
3a neC7,4AHBH raHHH H rAHHeCTH fiC'buH - I - 2 Aeaouou HH. KoeC?HuueHTT,T Ha 4)HATpa-
UHH ce onpeAeAH no 4)opMynaTa
(7,97) k=Q CM3/MHH.,
K'bfeTO Q e noCTOHHeH pa3XOA Ha BOABTa B CM3/MHH. ;
Z - BHCO9HHa Ha HaMOKpenm CTpaHa B 3yMn4)a B CM;
F- nnout, npe3 KOHTO ce 4JHJTpHpa BOAaTa; paBHa e Ha MoKpaTa HOB'bp%HOCT
Ha 3yMn4pa B CM2.
B Cny'aHTe, KOraTO CTeHHTe Ha 3yMn4)a He Ca 3axpeneHH
F=Ar (r+ 2z).
rlpH yKpenABaHe Ha cTeHHTe Ha 3yMn4!a (nac'buH, 9aKbJH, rnHHeCTH WHCUIH H AP.)
naoiura F e paBHd CaMO Ha AT.HOTO
6. MeroA Ha H. C. HecTepoB
5e3 Aa ce Hapywaea CTpyxrypara Ha cxanara, Ha A7.HOTO Ha wyp4a ce Ha6HBar Ha
AT.A6OgHHa OT 0,05 AO 0,08 M 'ABa CTOMBHeHH IIHJHHA'bpa, BHCOKH OT 0,20 AO 0,22 M, OT
KOHTO WBRWHHHT e c d=0,50 M, a B'bTpewaHHT - c d=0,25 M (4)Hr. 7-55). 4pe3 AM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
eAHaKBH cbAa Ha MapHOT ce noAAbpwa nocroaHen BOAeH crbi6 c BHCOVHHa 0,10 u.
KaKTO npH OnHTa Ha BOJAHpeB H r7K ce Haceprasa CMUMHT rpa(HK 3a paaxoAa Na
BoAaTa. Koe4PHUSeHmT Ha (nHATpaun9Ta ce onpeAem no QopMynara
(7,98) k=Q [CM~MHH.),
0
KbAeTO Q e pa3xoA Ha BOABTB B CM3JMHH,
F0 - nAOlu Ha AbHOTO Ha 3yMn4)a, KOB-
TO ce BKnWVBa BbB BbTpeniHHH
URJHHAbp B CM2.
llonyceHHTe AaHHH 3a k no T03H McTOA Ca
3aBHInenn. 11pH OTcHTaHe Ha KanHnapHHB no-
ACM H A'bA6OcHHaTa Ha OBaa)KHABaneTO Koe4)H-
wieHTbT Ha 4)HATpanHa ce onpeAeaR C no-ro-
JBMa TOqHOCT
l
(7,99) k-q z+I+Ha [CM/MHH.],
0
KbpeTO z e BHCOgHHa Ha BOAHHH crbi6 B 3yMn-
4)a B CM ; 9PHr. 7-55. CxeMa 3a OHHTeH ycacrbK no
BOAaTa, MepeHa OT AbHOTO Ha 3yMn-
4,a B CM.
Ha - KanHAApeH noAeM, onpej(ensi ce no Ta6nHua HAH ce npneua, 4e e 500/0 OT
MaKCHMaJHHa KanHAApeH nOAeM B M;
3a onpeAensHe Ha l ce npaBAr ABa conAaica - eAHHHBT B 3yMji4)a Ha Abn6o4HHa
3-4 M, a ApyrHAT Ha 3-4 M pa3CTOHHHe OT Hero. llpe3 20 cm ce B3eMaT npo6H 3a
aa6oparopHO onpenenane Ha Baa)KHOCTTa, KOHTO ce cbnocraBHr c orAeA-Aa ce onpeAeiH
Abn6ogrHara Ha HH4)HITpauHHTa.
4)HATpauHOHHHBT pa3xoA ce pa3rnenc-
Aa KaTO HH4)HATpafH$l Ha BOAa BbB Bep-
THKanHa nocoia, nponopuHoHaJHa Ha Q
nnoiuTa Ha A?bHOTO Ha 3y14)a H npo- Q~~M
TH4aluaTa BCTpaHH BOAa, 9HeTo KOAH-
ceCTBO OT CBOB CTpana e nponop-
uHOHanHO Ha napaMerbpa Ha 3yMn- ~~ 'n - - - - -
4 a. 4)opMyaaTa, no KoHTO ce H34HCna-
Ba Koe4)HUHeHT?bT Ha 4)HATpauHA, e n04
B) McTOA Ha H. SI. ReHHCOB - H. H. SHHAeMaH
Heo6xoAHMnTe AaHHH 3a onpeneJAHeTO Ha 4)nuTpauasTa ce nonycaBaT cpe3 Hanpasara
Ha ceTHpH luyp4)a c Kpbrno cegeHHe c d=0,25, 0,50, 0,75 H 1 M H Ha pa3CTOAHHe eAHH Or
Apyr, He no-ManKO or 5 M. OnHTbT ce npoaencAa KaKTO npH Mero)a Ha B(nAHpes, canto ce
{7,100) k-Ro(z+Ha+1) ? 0,03
?COHAHpaHe B CM;
q0 - npxBeAeH 4)HATp3UHOHeH 40,
pa3xoA, KOf1TO ce onpe-
AeAH no 4)opMyaaTa
q=0,3154 ,
G %Ro
O,Gt5 0,10 Vi 0~0 q25 OJO R
4Hr. 7-56. Tpa4)HKa 3a 3aBHCHMOCTTa Ha
npKBeAeHMH pa3xoA Or xnapaBAncecKHH paAHyc
361
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KbAeTo Q e 4)HJITpannoHeH pa3XOA B CM3/MHH ;
d - nnaMeTbp Ha 3yMn41a ;
C - OTPH37,K OT opAHHaTaTa (4)Hr. 7-56),;
Ro - XHApaanxgex paaHyc B CM (Ro=P =4~d=0,25d) ;
Z - BHCOgHHa Ha BOAHHH cTbn6 B CM ;
Ha - xanKampeH noneM, onpenerHUm ce no Ta6n. 7-8.
11CcbgnHBa CJHHa (TeN(Ka)
fecbgJHBa rnnna (aexa)
4 HH rnHHeCT nHCbx (TeMMK)
4PHn rnHHeCT nfICbx (nex)
).pe6H03bpHeCT rnHHeCT nsCbK
,t[pe6HO3bpHeCT nftcbx
EaposbpHecT IHCbK
CpeAH03bpHeCT nHCbX
1,00
0,80
0,60
0,40
0,30
0,20
0,05
0,10
r) McTO1 Ha E. A. 3aMapHH
rlpoBe)KAaT ce peAHua onHTH xaXTO npH McTOna Ha BoAAHpeB, Kato ce B3eMaT 3eMHH
npo6H 3a onpeneJHHe Ha o6eMa Ha nopHTe n, eCTeCTBeHaTa BAa)KHocT m H o6eMHOTo
TerJlb a, lpHeMa ce, qe npe3 BpeMe Ha onHra BOAOHacHiuaHeTO ce H3E bpiuBa noA 4)opMaTa'
Ha HapaCTBauIa c4)epa (4)Hr. 7-57). FoaeMHHaTa Ha paAHyca 3a nbpeaTa c4fepa ce-
onpenenn no ypanneHHeTO
(7,101) w1=4,19Ri - 3,14r2z - 0,52h1 (3ri-h~)p.,
pee t H oTroBapaula Ha paAHyca R1 B CM3;
r - paAHyc Ha uryp4)a B cm ;
Z - MOUIHOCT Ha BOAHHH CJIOLI BIHIyp4Ja B CM
h1 - BHCOgHHa Ha CerMeHTa HaA c7bn6a BOAa B
Euyp4ta B cm; onpeAenH ce no ypaBHeHHeTG
Kb)[eTo
w1 a o6eM Ha
hl =R1-; R2 - r2,
4)Hr. 7-57. C4)epa Ha Bonona-
cHiuane (no E. A. 3aMapHH)
PauHycbT Ha BTOpaTa.c4?epa ce onpeAenH no 4)opMynaTa
R2 VR+4, 92 [cm],
x'bAeTO w2 e o6eMbr Ha BOAaTa, norbaHaia OT cxanara 3a pee
Koe4KiuneHrbT Ha 4)HJITpauHH ce onpeAenH no ABa HagnHa
362
2? (R2 - Ri) (2R1- hl - z)
1. k= 12 1281- hl)
? - CBO6OAHa nOpbO3HOCT Ha cxanara, H3gHCAH-
Banla ce no 4iopMynara
I KanwaapeH nOAeM Na, M
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. no npeABapHTenHO onpeaeJHHe nosbpxHocTTa Ha c4 epara Ha HH4)HATpanHBTa c
c?opMynxre
(7,104) 91=2 % R1 (2R1- h1) [cMI,
(7,105) 82=21t R2 (2 R2 - !'2) H T. H.
CAeA onpeneiwHeTo Ha 01 a 6a H T. H. 3a CbOTseTHOTO pee 11, 12...3aMapHH AM
cneAHHTe 4)opMynH 3a cpeAHHTe CKOpOCTH Ha HH4 HATpaUHATa
0
Koe4MuneHrbT Ha 4 vITpaunH no AaHHH Ha OHHTHO HaJHBaHe Ha BOAa B xaaAeHeu ce
H3gHCAABa no 4 opMynHTee, AaAeHH B Ta6n. 7-9.
IL. YPABHEHHSI 3A )(BWd{EHIIIE HA IIOA3EMHHTE BOAR
B IIOrJI%IUAIUH KJIAAEHHLIH
1 I 2 3
1. 3a rpyHTOBH BOAH
1. CbBbpLueH KnaAeHeu
IgR-Igr
(7,108) k=0,73 Q h2 - H2
va =(0 + 02)
2w3
'3 (02+00 H T. H.
IIpH HaAnvneTO Ha Asa Ha6AK)AaTCaHH
KaaAeHeua
I 22
19 k=0,73 Q y,2-y2
lg x2 - 19 x1
0,73 Q .(2H+sl+s2) (s1- s2
363
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. HecbBbpweH KnaRexeu c pa6oTeluH.
cTeHH
(7,110) k=0,366 Q Ig R - lg r
ho (ho - H)
flex Hanx4He Ha Aaa Ha6JHoaareaHH Kna-
Aexeua
(7,111) k=0,366 Q 19 x2 -1g x1
ho (V1 -Y2)
=0,366Q lgx2-lgx1
h0 (s1 - S2)
4)Hr. 7-60
B3aHMoueAcTByBaIUH KJIa-
.aeHUH, pa3nono)KeHH J(a-
nev Or BOJ1oeM
It. 3a apTe3HaHCKH B0,LH
1. C%Bbpulen' Kaaaexeu
(7,112) k=0,366 Q Ig R - ig r
M (h -H)
I a
fl pH HaiH9He Ha ABa Ha6JnoAare.IHH
Kaaj eneua
(7,113) k=0,366 Q 19 x2 -1g x1
M (s1- s2j
E. H3KYCTBEHO IOHIH)KEHHE
HA HHBOTO HA (1O113EMHHTE BOAH
143'ucJABaHero Ha H3KyCTBeuHTe noHH)Kerns e CJIO%Ha 3aAaga, Kofro HMa oco eno
BaKHO 3HageHHe 3a npaBHJIHOTO nOCTp0ABaHe H B3aHMoAef1cTBHeTO Ha BOAOB3eMHHTe CH-
CTeMH. 1'13KyCTBeHHTe HOHH)KeHHA HaMHpaT oco6eno roaAMO npxaoBceHHe npH OTBOAHABaHe
Ha nOae3HH H3KOnaeMH HAH 3a6aareHH o6pa6otBaeMH naOUxx, npH ApeHHpane HJIH nOHHN(a-
BaHe Ha noA3eMHH BOAH B CTpOHTeJIHH H3KOnH, KaKTO H npH H3nOa3yBaHe Ha n0A3eMHHre
BOAH 3a npOMHWaeHo HAH nHTef1HO BOAocHa6AABaHe.
CbuxeCTByBaT HAKOJIKO McTOAa, c fOMOUxra Ha KOHTO e Bb3MO)KHO Aa ce H3YHCJIH nO-
HH)KeHHeTO Ha nOAaeMHHTe BOAR. 3a rpYHTOBHTe BOAH Haft-Vecro npHaaraHHAr MCTOA e T03H
Ha copxaftMep, AonbnHeH OT 14. H. KycaKHH H Ap., a 3a H39HCJHBaHe Ha apre3HaHCKHTe
BOAOB3eMHH CHCTeMH Haft-Yecro ce.npHaaraT MerOAHTe Ha llveJIKa40B,..J1e l6eH3oH, MaCKeT
H AATOBCKH. YnoTpe6HBaHeTO Ha eAHH HJIH ApyrH 4opMyJIH e B 3aBHCHMOCT OT pa3nonoNCe-
HHeTO HaKnaAeBuHre, TexHHA 6poft H yCnoBHAra, npH KOHTO ce ocbuxecTBABa noaxpaHBa-
HeTo Ha BOAOB3eMHOTo Cbopb)CeHHe. IIpH H3KyCTBeHHTe BOAOHOHHNCeHHA e_OT OCO6eHO 3Ha-
9eHHe To4HOTO OnpeAeJ1AHe Ha paAHyca Ha BJHAHHe. 3a uenra 'ra3H BeJIHMHHa He 6HBa Aa
Ce 3aBHWaBa, TO Karo MOHCe Aa OKaNCe BJIHAHHe KaKTO Ha H36opa Ha Heo6xounMnTe arpe-
raTH, TaKa H Ha 3aAaAeHOTO BOAOnOHHNCeHHe. O6paTHO,npH eKCHnoaTaUHA Ha nOa3eMHH BOAR
3a pa3JIHgHHTe BHAOBe BOaOCHa6AABaHHA ce AonycKa roaeMHHara Ha paaHyca Ha BJHHHHe Aa
ce yBenHgi, noHe)Ke C Tosa ce yaeaH4aBa csrypxocrra Ha BOA0B3eMaaeTO.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
1. OCHOBHH YPABHEHHA 3A O11PEAEJIAHE BOAOIIOHH)KEHHETO
BbB BOAOB3EMHA CHCTEMA B HEHAfOPHH BoAH
KaKTo 6ewe oT6eas3ano, H3non3ysa ce McTOAbT Ha 4opxafluep, KOATO e AonTAHeH
rnaBHo oT KycaKHH. T03H McTOA e npnnoBKHM 3a H3gHCARBaHe Ha BoAonoHH)KeHHR npH oT-
BOAHaBaHe Ha CTpOHTeAHH H3KOnH H MHHHH H3pa6oTKH.
CyMapHHSIT Ae6HT npH MCeaaHO pa3nono)CeHHe Ha rpyna B3aHMoAeAcTByBau(H COH,ga)KH
(4Hr. 7-61), HaMHpaIUH Ce Aaneq OT BOAoeMH, ce H3pa3RBa C ypaBHeHHeTo
1,36k(2H-s)S
Q ? ig R - Ig xo (M3124 q.],
KT,Aero H e MOUJ.HOCT Ha BOAOHOCHHR naaCT AO BoAoynopa Ham Abn6ogUHa Ha H3pa6orxaTa.
H3MepBaHa OT HHBOTO Ha BoAaTa B M;
s - noHH)KeHHe B neHTbpa Ha BoAoB3eMHOTo cbopb)KeHHe B M;
R - paAHyc Ha BnHRHHe, H34HG)eH no KycaKKH B M;
xp - cpejHo pa3cro9HHe OT ueHTbpa Ha BOAOB3eMHOTO cbopb)KeBHe no OTAeJIHHTe
COHAaMCH B M.
OnpeAen9HeTO Ha Ig xp CTasa gpe3 ypaBHeHHeTd
)g xo= n lg XI, x2, x3 ... xn,
KbaeTO n e 6poRr Ha conAa)KHTe;
x1, x2, x3, . . . xn - pa3cTORHHe or ueHTbpa Ha CoHAaHCa B M.
OTKpHTHTe BOAOeMH OKa3BaT BnHRHHe BbB pe)KHMa Ha BoAOB3eMHOTO Cbopb3CeHHe, KO-
KaTO paacr09HHeTO McHCAy BoAOeMHre e no-Manxo OT noJOBHHara OT paaHyca Ha BAHnune
b s.2 R?
11pHTO"T Ha BOAa 3a I JIHHeeH McTbp OT JIHHHRTa, B KORTO ca pa3nOJIONCeBH COHAa-
)KMTe, ce onpexeJl9 c ypaBHeHHeTO
k (H2 - Y2)+2 qo b M3I24 q. ,
(7,116) Q(oTa.)= 2 b I I
K7,Aero H e HHBO Ha BOAaTa B pexara, MepeHO oT BoAoynopaB M
Y - BHCOgHHa Ha HHBOTO Ha Boma, MepeHO B, cpeAaTa Me)KAy COHAaMCHTe B M;,
qo - eCTeCTBeH pa3x0A Ha rpyHTOBHR nOTOK KbM pexara, H3gHCAR8aH Ha 1 M
B M3j24 q.;
b- pa3crosHHe OT COHAaXCHTe AO pexara B M.
BHCogHHaTa, C KORTO ce nOHH)KaBa HHBOTO Ha BOAaTB B Haf1.6JIH3KHTe HAH KpaflHNTe
coaaaMCH, ce onpexenx no ypaBHeHHeTO
(7,117) Yo=VH2-1,36 k (1g R - n 19x'), x'2, ... x', -1. r [M],
KbxeTO Y'), X'2 . . . x',-1 e pa3cTonHHe OT eawH COHAa)K, 3a Koflro ce onpeAean YO Ao
BCHMKH OcranarH coHAa)CH B M
n - 6pofl Ha coHxaMCnre.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
(/, ~1tS) ~_ R2n - fen [M3/24'.),
Ign.Rn.ln-)r
KbAeTO n e 6p0AT Ha coHAa?cHTe;
l - pa3CTOsHHeTO OT COHAaH(a Ao ueHTbpa Ha MHO-
robrbjHHKa.
IIpH pa3noaarafe Ha COHAa)KHTe na BbpxoaeTe Ha paBHo-
CTpaHeH TPHbj-bJHHK ce H3non3yBa 4)OpMynaTa
'2,73 kMs
(7,119) Q R3 [M3124 q.),
Igd2 r
2. OfPEAEJ1SIHE 1IEBHTA H 1lOHH KEHHETO HA IPYIIA APTE3HAHCKH
KJIA,1 EHUH, PA3HOJ!O)KEHH B OrIPEREJIEH PEA
KoraTO cOHAa)KHTe 3aeMaT BbpxoBeTe Ha npaBHneH MHOrObrbnHHK, ce H3nOA3yBa ypaB-
HeHHeTO Ha lll'renKa'roB :
7,121) yo=H- 2,7 2kHH I IgR - lg ~/'x1', xi x'n-l ro, .
.KbaeTO H,, e MOLUHOCT Ha HanOPHHS BOAOHOCeH nnacT;
r0 - paAHyC Ha coHAaaca; oCTaHaJHTe 0603Ha'reHHH Ca KaKTO BbB cpopMy-
naTa (7,117).
R it d ca nos(aaaiH Ha cpwr. 7-62.
llpH npaBOAHHefHO pa3nonom(eHxe Ha coHAai(HTe 3a ocylnaBane Ha H3KOn OT 'reTHpH
LTpaHH roneMHHaTa Ha nOHHH(eHHeTo ce onpeaeasc no ypaBueHHero
(hHr. 7-62 KbAeTo d e paaCTOAHHe McK(Ay COHAa)KHTe B M ;
CxeMa 33 KBaApaTHO pa3- [IpH KBaApaTHO pa3nonofceHHe Ha COHAa)KHTe Ce H3n0n3y-
nonOaceHHe Ha B3aHMOAefI- Ba 4)opMynaTa
cTByBanxx KnaAeBuH 2,73 k M s [m3/24 q.J.
B 3aBHCHMOCT OT pasnoaoxceHHero Ha Bb3AyxonoAaBauxaTa H BOAOnQ eMHaTa Tpb6a ep-
.AH4)TOBHTe ypeAH ce AeiHT Ha CaeAHHTe crcTeMH:
1. EKCUeHTpH'rHO pa3nOAOBceHHe Ha pa60THHTe Tpb6H. Bb3AyxonoAaBanlaTa H BOAOnpO-
BOAHaTa Tpb6a HMar ycnopeAHO pa3nonoHCeHHe (4)Hr. 7-63,a).
2. [IpH KOHueHTpHgHO pa3nonoaceHHe Ha Tp'b6HTe Ca H3BeCTHH CneAHHTe ABa Cny'aB:
a) B'b3AyxOnoAaBanxaTa Tpb6a ce pa3n0aara BbTpe PbB BoAonOAeMHaTa.
6) BoaonoaeMHara Tpb6a 3aeMa ueHTpaJHBTa 'raCT Ha Bb3Ayxono) aBawxara ((mwr. 7-6'3,4
[1pi KoHueHTpHYHO pa3nonoxceHHe Ha ipb6Hre e Bb3MO)KHO Aa. ce H3n0n3yBa eAKa
OT o6caAHHre Tpb6a KaTo pa6orHa 3a epnnlpra. YAO6CTBara B cnygai ca re3H, 're Ce noeB-
THHABa BogOB3eMHOTO cbopb)KeHHe, a CbIueBpeMeHHO e Bb3MO)KHO nony4aBaHeTO Ha no-ro-
]ISIMO KoameCTBO BOAa k ce yCKOpiBa H3rpa)CAaHero Ha ep.H4)TOBBTa ypeA6a.
CKOpocrra Ha ABH)KeHHe B CMeCHrenr ce npneia 3a 2-2,5 M/CeK., a CKopocTTa Ha H3-
AHBaHeTo OT 6-12 M/ceK. IlpH yaeJB'rasaHe ceveHHeTO Ha Tpb6HTe ropHHTe CKOPOCTH
Cbn10 TaKa HapaCTBaT. CKOpOCTTa Ha ABHMCeHHe Ha crbCTeHHi Bb3AYx He 6HBa Aa HaAaH-
lnaBa 10 M/ceK.
06HKHoaeHo nnOfura Ha cegeHHero Ha Bb3AyEuHara Tpb6a e OKOJIO )/4 OT nn0)WTa Ha
ceveHHero 3a rpb6onpOBoaa, vpe3 Koflro ce H3xagBa cMecra or Boaa H Bb3Ayx.
3a npoyvBarennx ueJH Hall-'recto ce ynoTpe6BBaT epnH(pTOBH ypeA6H C KOHneHTpHgIo
pa3noAo)KeHHe, Ha Bb3AyxonoAasanxaTa H BoAonoaeMHaTa rpb6a (4)Hr. 7-63, 6 H 8).
Heo6xoAHMOro KonxvecrBO Bb3Ayx ce onpeAenss no 4)opMynara
(7, 122) P= k.h 23 ]g H? 10 [M3/M3 Boaa],
10
2,73 kMs
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
KbAeto h e BHCOgHHa, Ha KOBTO ce H3KagBa CMeCTa B M;
H - Abn6ogHHa Ha noranaHe B M;
k - KOe4 HgxeHT, 3aBHceu1 oT BHcogUHara Ha noueua h, (k=2,17+0,0164 h).
1-lanpe4HOTO ceqeHHe Ha BoAonpoBoAHaTa Tpb6a ce onpg eni no ypaBHeHHero
F= Q+P
V
KbAeTO Q e KonngeCTBO Aa H3gepnBaHaTa BOAa B M3/ceK.;
P - ceKyHAeH pa3XOA Ha CB060ASHH B'b3Ayx B M3/ceK.;
v - CKOpOCT, C KOHTO ce ABH KH CMecTa ; v=79 M/CeK.
a)
6)
Z['bn6ogHHara, Ha KORTO Tpa6Ba Aa ce noTOnH cMecxrenflT, ce onpeAeAR OT AHHaMHgHOTo
HHBO Ha BOAaTa H e B 3aBHCHMOCT Or OTHotueHHero
H
X=h ,
Ha BoAara B M ;
h - AHHaMHgHO HHBO Ha BOAara B M.
B Ta6inua 7-10 ca AaAeHH OpHeHTHpOB'bgHH CTONHOCTH Ha x
h
8
15
25
30
40
50
60
X- H
2,6
2,3
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,35
1,25
O6uxara nAOIU Ha OTS"bpCTHATa, npe3 KOHTO npeMHHaBa Bb3AyxbT, CyMapHO Tpn6Ba as
HaABnmaBa cegeHneTO Ha Bb3AyxonpOBOAHaTa Tpb6a 1)/, Ao 2 nbrH.
Epna4,TOBaTa ypeA6a ce H3nOA3yBa npn no-cnenHaJlaH XBAporeoJO)KKK yCnOBHH H HMa
cneAHHTe npeiuMCTBa:
1. Onpocrena KOHCTpyKUHH C Ao6po .ReRcTBHe.
2. Bb3MO)KHOCT Aa ce nOCTpOH B COHAawCH C ManbK AHaueTbp H noA H3BecTeH HaKJOH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
3. Mowe Aa 4epnH BoAa, B KOBTO HMa roneMH KOJHgeCTBa OT IHC,K H Ape6HH rJHHeCTH
4paKUHH, CbAbp)xaiuH ce BbB BOAOHOCHHB nnaCT.
4. 11pH n0ixoasnjo yBeiHVaeaHe Ha KOnHgeCTBOTO Ha CrbCTeHHB IF13Ayx MOHCe Aa ce
n0Ao6pH npo 3BoAHTenHOCTTa Ha epnH4)Ta.
5. Moe HenpeKbCHaT0 Aa ce vepnH BOAa gpe3 BKJnogBaHe Ha 3anaCHH KOMnpeCOpH.
EpJHq TOBHTe ypeA6H HMaT H roneMH He) oCTamrH. llpH TAR He e Bb3MO%HO :
1. Aa ce H3nOn3yBaT COHAa)KHH npo6HBH, B KOBTO HHBOTO Ha BOAaTa He e Ha ronJMa
Abn6OgHHa OT AHeBHaTa noBbpxHOCT.
2. KOe()HUHeHTbT Ha none3HOTO AeAcTBHe e MHHHManeH (0,1 0,3).
3. (PHJITPH
EAHa OT Hafl-Ba)KHHTe gaCTH npH o6opyABaneTO Ha Tpb6HHTe KaaAeHUH e 4HJTbpbT.
HenpaBHJHHBT nOA60p Ha 4)HnTbpa Mowe Aa AOBeAe He CaMO AO gyBCTBHTeJHO nOHH)KaBaHe
Ha npOM3BQAHTeJHOCTTa Ha KnaAeHeua, HO H AO npeKpaTHBaHe Ha nPHTOKa Ha BOAa 030610.
IloA6opbr Ha cpnnTbpa e B 3aBHCHMOCT OT eApnnaTa Ha 3bpHaTa, KOHTO H3rpa)(AaT BOAO-
HOCHHB XOpH3OHT.
.QHaMeTbpbT Ha 4)HATbpHaTa Tpb6a ce onpejens no 4)opMynaTa
Q
K-baeTO Q e Ae6HT Ha Mum B CM3/ceK. ;
h - Abn)KHHa Ha 41HnTbpa B CM ;
m - oTHOLUeHHe Ha nnOnjTa Ha CBeTJIHTe oTBOpH KIM unnaTa nnoiu Ha 4)HJTbpa;
v - cxopocr, C KOBTO noCTbnBa BoAaTa B KnaAeneua B cM/CeIS. ; 3aBHCH OT eapHHaTa
Ha 3bpHaTa (Ta6a. 7-11).
KojneaecTBO,
uI,
CKOpocr Ha nocrbnaaee,
cMIceK
60 no-ManKH OT 1 0,2
40 ,, 0,5 0,1
40 0,25 0,05
l'poc npeAnara cneAHaTa 4opMyna 3a onpeje.BHe Ha AHaMeTbpa Ha 4)IIATbpa, npH n0n0-
)KeHHe qe He ce OT9HTa m :
EApHHa Ha 4,paKuHHre,
MM
x.h.v
06o3HageHHBTa ca KaKTO BbB (popMyna (7,125).
11noIuTa Ha OTBbpCTHBTa BbB q)HJTbpHaTa Tpb6a ce onpeAenBT OT ypaBHeHHeTO
(7,126)
KbAero r
Q
V
F Q
n=
U.r2 _ a.r2.v
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3a HanpaBa Ha 4 HJITpH ce H3n0n3yBaT MpeM(H C KBaApaTHO, KHnepHO H pHHCOBO H3-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B aaBHCHMocr OT Me:FaungHHA CbcTaB na BonoHocmia naacr e Bb3MO*HO H3tOTBAHeTO
Ha 4HaTpn c c aacwwa, KORTO Mo)Ke As 67,Ae eAHor, Han mBorocaoABa. IIOA6op%T HM aaCHn-
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KbAeTO OT AbA6ogiHa OKOAO 400 M ce H3nOa3yBaT HanopHHTe Bom Ha eoneHa. IIpR 6ea-
4HATpOBHre KAaAeHUH nOA ropHHH BoAOynop ce o6pa3yBa, KoHyc,BbB BOAOROCHHB UHCbK,
BbpxbT Ha KotTo e o6bpnaT HaAoay. flpH 6e34RaTpoBoro BoAo9epneHe ce noayyaBa n no-
roA9Ma npOH3BOAHTe1IHOCT Ha KAaAeHeua, KOaTO B HHKOH Caygau Mo*e Aa ce yBeJR9H OT
5 AO 10 1TTH CnpAMO Boao epneHeTo c 4nampH npH cbuuHTe yCaOBBB.
1. B H B A e m a u, H. H. - Cnpaao-rkxK no IwI eaepHo-ruporeoaorIl ecKHM pacVeTaM
npH H3hICKaHHRx Ana rHAposHepreTH9ecKoro cTpoa7eabcma, rocsHepron3AaT, 1955.
2. B O a O A b K 0, 14. (b. - HCnonbsoBamie nggaeuibll1: BoA AAA opouieHHa H BOAOCHa6-
)KeHHn, CeAbxo3rH3, 1953.
3. K a m e H c K H a, 1'. H. - OCHOBbl AHHaMHKH n0A3eHHbIZ BOA, rocreoaxaaaT, 1943 r.
4. K o p o r e e B, A. 11. - CnyruxK ruporeoaora, OHTH-HKTf, 1936
5. 0 B y m H H H K O,B, A. M. - O661aa rxAporeonorH, rocreoAH3Aar, 1955.
6. O B q H H H H K 0 B, A. M. - 061ua5 rHAporeoaorlH, rocreoawsaaT, 1949.
7. n P H H u, E. - rHaporeoaorHa, CeabxosrHS, 1933.
8. C H a H H- B e K q y p H H, A. H. - CneuaaabHas rrAporeoaorHa,, rocreoaHSAar, 1951.
9. C K a 6 a A A a H 0 B H 9, H. A. - rHApOreonorH9eCKHe pac9eTbl, YraeTexBSAaT, 1954.
10. CnpaBo9HHK no rHApoTexHHKe - BOTrEO, rocHaAareabcTBo AHreparypbl no crpoH-
TencTBy B apxHTeKrype, 1955.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
17PH/f03KEHHE 7-1
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0,51
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0,12
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0,910,
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0,13
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0,53
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
fpaB H&KAOH Ha BO,4OHOCHNN EOPH3ONT (L > 0)
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6,2610
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49,8067
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4,9647
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11,5
13,8514
3,8
4,8296
42,0
45,7136
11,0
13,3026
3,7
4,6932
41,0
44,6889
10,5
12,7513
3,6
4,5555
40,0
43,6636
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3,5
4,4163
39,0
42,6376
9,8
11,9748
3,4
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41,6109
9,6
11,7518
3,3
4,1329
37,0
40,4835
9,4
11,5283
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3,9885
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3,1
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2,7365
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31,2958
7,6
9,4871
2,3
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7,0
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7,4
9,2563
2,2
2,3823
6,0
29,2189
7,2
9,0246
2,1
2,1953
25,0
28,1781
7,0
8,7918
2,0
2,0000
24,0
27,1352
6,8
8,5579
1,9
1,7946
23,0
26,0910
6,6
8,3228
22,0
25,0445
6,4
8,0863
1,80
1,5769
21,0
23,9957
6,2
7,8487
1,70
1,3433
20,0
22,9444
6,0
7,6094
1,60
1,0892
19,5
22,4178
5,8
7,3686
1,50
0,8069
19,0
21,8904
5,6
7,1261
1,49
0,7766
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
9,67)
1,48
0,7460
1,24
- 0,1871
1,050
- 1
9457
1,47
0,7150
1,23
- 0,2397
1,045
,
- 2,0561
1,46
0,6835
1,22
- 0,2941
1,040
- 2,1789
1,45
0,6515
1,21
-0,3506
1,035
- 2,3174
1,44
0,6190
1,20
- 0,4094
1,030
-21.4766
1,43
0,5860
1,19
- 0,4707
1,028
= 2,5476
1,42
0,5525
1,18
-0,5348
1,026
- 2,6237
1,41
0,5184
1,17
-0,6020
1,024
- 2,7057
1,40
0,4837
1,16
- 0,6726
1,022
- 2,7947
1,39
0,4484
1,020
- 2,8920
1,38
0,4124
1,15
- 0.7471
1,018
- 2,9994
1,37
0,3757
1,14
- 0,8261
1,016
-3,1192
1,36
0,3383
1,13
- 0,9102
1,014
-3,2547
1,35
0,3002
1,12
-1,0003
1,012
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1,34
0,2612
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- 3,9548
1,30
0,0959
1,085
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1,006
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1,29
0,0520
1,080
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1,005
- 4,2933
1,28
0,0069
1,075
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1,004
- 4,5175
1,27
0,0393
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-1,5893
1,003
- 4,8062
1,26
0,0871
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5,2126
1,25
0,1363
1,060
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- 5,9068
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0,095
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0,24
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0,055
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0,16
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0,31
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0,060
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0,17
-0,0130
0,32
-0,0424
0,065
-0,0020
0,18
-0,0144
0,33
-0,0448
0,070
-0,0024
0,19
-0,0160
0,34
-0,0473
0,075
-0,0027
0,20
-0,0177
0,35
-0,0499
0,080
-0,0030
0,21
-0,0194
0,36
-0,0525
372
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
9P '91)
(17)
0,37
-0,0552
0,82
-0,2212
6,5
- 4,485.1
0,38
-0,0579
0,83
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7,0
- 4,9206
0,39
-0,0607
0,84
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0,40
-0,0635
0,85
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- 5,8028
0,41
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8,5,
- 6,2487
9.0
- 6,6974
0,42
-0,0693
0,87
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9,5
- 7,1486
0,43
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0,88
-0,2487
0,44
-0,0754
0,89
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10,0
- 7,6021
0,45
-0,0785
0,90
-0,2581
10,5
- 8,0577
0,46
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0,91
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11,0
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11,5
- 8,9743
0,47
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0,92
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0,93
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0,50
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0,95
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0,51
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13,5
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14,0
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0,97
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0,53
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0,98
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0,54
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0,55
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0,57
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1,3
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0,59
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17.5
- 14,5822
0,60
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1,5
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18,0
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0,61 '
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1,6
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18,5
-15,5297
19.0
-16,0043
0.62
-0,1376
1.7
-0,7068
19;5
-16,4796
0,63
-0,1414
1,8
-0,7704
0,64
-0,1453
1,9
-0,8353
20,0
-16,9555
0,65
-0,1492
2,0
-0,9014
21,0
-17,9090
0,66
-0,1532
2,1
-0,9686
22,0
-18,8645
23,0
-19,8220
0,67
-0,1672
2,2
-1,0369
24,0
-20,7811
0,68
-0,1612
2,3
-1,1061
0,69
-0,1653
2,4
-1,1762
25,0
-21,7419
0,70.
-0,1694
2,5
-1,2472
26,0
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0,71
-0,1735
2,6
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27,0
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0
2
0,72
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2,7
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2
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0,73
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2,8
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0,74
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2,9
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30,0
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0,75
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3,0
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31,0
--27,5342
0,76
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3,5
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32,0
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33,0
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0,77
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4,0
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34,0
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0,78
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4,5
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35,0
-31,4165
0,79
-0,2078
5,0
-3,2082
36,0
-32,3891
0,80
-0,2122
5,5
-3,6282
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6,0
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37,0
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rlponl,JHCe HHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
38,0
-34,3365
45,0
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60,0
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39;0
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100,0
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,
,
0,181
0,191
.0,2
0,201
0,212
0,222
0,232
0,24
0,253
0,263
0,273
0,284
0,294
0,3
0,305
0,315
0,326
0,336
0,347
0,357
0,368
0,379
0,389
0,400
0,4
0,411
0,422
0,433
0,443
0,454
0,465
0,476
0,488
0,499
0,510
0,5
0,521
0,532
0,544
'0,555
0,567
0,578
0,590
0,601
0,613
0,625
0,6
0,637
0,649
0,661
0;673
0,685
0,697
0,709
0,721
0,734
0,746
0,7
0,759
0,771
0,784
0,797
0,80
0,822
0,835
0,848
0,862
0,875
0,8
0,888
0,902
0,915
0,929
0,942
0,956
0,970
0,984
0,998
1,012
0,9
1,027
1,041
1,055
1,070
1,085
1,100
1,114
1,129
1,145
1,160
1,0
1,175
1,191
1,206
1,222
1,238
1,254
1,270
1,286
1,303
1,319
1,1
1,336
1,352
1,369
1,386
1,404
1,421
1,438
1,456
1,474
1',491
1,2
1,510
1,528
1,546
1,565
1,583
1,602
1,621
1,640
1,659
1,679
1,3
1,69
1,718
1,738
1,758
1,779
1,799
1,820
1,841
1,862
1,883
1,4
1,904
1,926
1;948
1,970
1,992
2,014
2,037
2.060
2,083
.2,106
1,5
2,129
2,153
2,177
2,201
2,225
2,250
2,274
2,299
2,325
2,350
1,6
2,376
2,402
2,428
2,454
2,481
2,508
2,532
2,562
2,590
2,618
1,7
2,646
2,674
2,703
2,732
2,761
2,790
2,820
2,850
2,881
2,911
1,8
2,942
2,973
3,005
3,037
3,069
3,101
3,134
3,167
3,201
3,234
1,9.
A,268
3,303
3,337
3,372
3,408
3,443
3,479
3,516
3,552
3,589
2,0
3,627
3,665
3,703
3,741
3,780
3,820
3,859
3,899
3,940
3,981
2,1
4,022
4,064
4,106
4,148
4,191
4,234
4,278
4,322
4,367
4,412
2,2
4,457
4,503
4,549
4,596
4,643
4,691
4,739
'4,788
4,837
4,887
2,3
4,937
i 4,988
5039
5,090
5,143
5,195
5,248
' 5,302
5,356
5,411
2,41
5,466
1 5;522
5,579
5,635
5,693
5,751
5,810
5,869
5,929
5,989
2,5
6,050
' 6;1.12
6074
6,237
6,300
6,365
6,429
6,495
6,561
?6,627
2,6
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6,695
6;7.83
6 832
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6,901
6,971
7,042
7,113
7,185
7,258
7;332
2,7
7,406
7,481
7
557
7,634
7,711
7,789
7,868
7,948
8,029
8,110
2,8
8,192
8,275
8;359
8,443
8,529
8,615
8,702
8,790
8,879
8,969
2,9
9,060
9,151
9,244
9,337
9,432
9,527
9,623
9,720
9,819
9,918
3,0
10,018
10319
10,221
10,325
10,429
10,534
10,640
'10,748
10,856
10,966
3,1
11,077
11,188
11,301
11;415
11,530
11,647
11,764
11,883
12,003
12,124
3,2
12,246
12;369
121494
12,620
12,747
12,876
13,006
13,13
13 269
13,403
3,3 `
13,538
13,674
13;812
13,951
14,092
14,234
14,377
14,522
14,
14,816
3,4
14,965
15,116
15 268
15.422
15,577
15,734
15,893
16,053
16,214
16,378
3,5
16,543
16,709
16, 877
17,047
17, 219
17,392
17,567
17,744
17,923
18,103
3,6
. 18,285
18,470
18,655
18,843
19,033
19,224
19,418
19,613
19,811
26,010
3,7
20,211
?20,415
20;620
20,828
21,037
21,249
21,463
21,679
21897
,
22,117
3,8
22,339
22,564
22;191
23,0
23,252
23,486
23,722
23,961
24
,
24,445
3,9
24,691
24,939
25;190
25,444
25,700
25,958
26,219
26,483
26,7119
27,018
374
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
9 arch a l
0 I 1 I
2 I
3
4 I
5 I
6 I
7 I
8 I
9
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27,564
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28,122
28,404
28,690
28,979
29,270
29,564
29,862
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30,162
30,465
30,772
31,081
31,393
31,709
32,028
32,350
32,675
33,004
4,2
33,336
33,671
34,009
34,351
34,697
35,046
35,398
35,754
36,113
36,476
4,3
36,843
37,214
37,588
37,966
38,347
38,733
39,122
8
39,515
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39,913
112
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40,314
44
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4,4
40,719
41,129
41,542
41,960
42,382
42,808
43,23
43,
,
,
4,5
45,003
45,455
45,912
46,374
46,840
47,811
47,787
48,267
48,752
49,242
4,6
49,737
50,237
50,742
51,252
51,767
52,288
52,813
53,344
53,880
54,422
4,7 -
54,969
55,522
56,080
56,643
57,213
57,788
58,369
58,955
59,548
60,147
4,8
60,751
61,362
61,979
62,601
63,231
63,866
64,508
65,157
65,812
66,473
4,9
67,141
67,816
68,498
69,186
69,882
70,584
71,293
72,010
72,734
73,465
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74,203
74,949
75,702
76,463
77,232
78,008
78,792
79,584
80,384
81,192
5,1
82,008
82,832
83,665
84,506
85,355
86,213
87,079
87,955
88,839
89,732
5,2
90.633
91,544
92,464
93,391
94,391
95,281
96,238
97,205
98,182
99.169
5
3
100,166
101,173
102,189
103,217
104,254
105,302
106,360
107,429
108,509
109,599
,
4
5
110
701
111,814
112,938
114,072
115,219
116,377
117,547
118,728
119,921
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,
5
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122
344
123,574
124,816
129,910
131,215
132,534
133,866
,
6
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135,211
186,570
137,943
139,329
140,730
142,144
143,573
145,016
146,473
147,945
,
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432
150.934
153,583
155,531
157,094
158,673
160,267
161,878
163,505
,
5,8
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165,148
166,808
168,485
170,178
171,888
173,616
1
175,361
177,123
178,903
180,701
5,9
182,517
1184,352
1186,205
1188,076
1189,966
191,875
193,804
195,752
197,719
199,706
375
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
VIII. IIPOY1-IBAHE HA CKAJIHATA OCHOBA
C OrJIE. L IIPOEKTHPAHETO H 3ACTPORBAHETO
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
OCHOBBaTa 3aAa9a Ha reoaoH(KOro m HHffieaepnoreOAOHCKOTO npoy'IBaue 3a HyHCAHTe ma
xxApoTexHBgecKoTo CTpomt'eacnct ce H3paanBa riaaao B KageCTBeHO H xoaHgecTBeHo onpe-
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Aa ce:MeTa9T npaSHaHO reonoMCKHTe OCO6eH6CTH na Tepena c THna, KOHCTpyKUPAT* H. na-
paNeTpHTe?Ha H3rpaHCAaeoTO CbopbHCeNHe: Canto ToraBanpo6AeMHTe sa cerypxocTTa H HKO-
HOMH1HOCTTa npn sacTpoHaaHeTO we Morar:'Aa ce H3NCHHT oCHOBHO H HsgepnaTTJHO H Aa
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ce rpynapaT B HHKOAKO rpynn.-rpyaupaReTo Ha TesH 11OKa3aTeaiH e B 3aBHCHMocT OT nerpo-
rpaCpCKHa, AHTOAO)KKHfI, crpaTHrpa4ICKHB N TeKTOHCKHM 06JHK Ha CKaAHTe H TeXHHTe 4,H3HKO-
MexaHHgHH H XHMHgeCKH CBOACTBa.
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cpeAaTa, oapbHCaBawa CHaan&re. Pa3AHhHBTa noAaTAHBOCT Ha MNHepaaHHTe KOMnOHeBTH KbM
TennepaTypHH pa3WHpeHH9 H CBHBaHHH pa3pyHqaBa TaxHaTa HHTHMHa Bpb3Ka.
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6) 17pn 3aMpb3BaHe Ha BOAaTa B CKaaHHTe m MNHepa.HH nyKHaTHHH pa3pywHTeaHaTa
CHaa Ha am e oKOao 6000 KrjcM2.
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OT CBeTA06ofHHTe.
r) EApo6aoKosHre H eAP03bpHeCTHTe CKaaD H3BeTpnaaT n0-6bp30 OT Ape6no6aOKOBHTe H
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eaHH,$HHepaAex BHa.
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H?inoAAeuw t* BOAR, B ,KOHTO ca paaTBopeHH B ,pa3AHgHH xoaagecTBa' C02, 0, `:.pa3HH '? COAH,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
2. XHMHgecKoTo H3aerps8aRe e TOAKOBa no-HHTeH3HBHO, KOAKOTO aTBKyeMaTa CUM
Ban MHHepaaHB nOBbpxHOCT e no-roJBMa n KOAKOTO UHpKyAaUHBTa Ha BoABTa e no-6bpsa,
3. IIpn csonTa gHPKyAOLWH nOA3euHHTe BOAR BAN3aT B KOHTaKT C pa3AngHH CKBAH H
MHOPOKPaTHO npOMeHHT CHABTa Ha arpecHRTa CH - HaH oraaraT, HAH pa3TBapaT B pa3AHHHa
cTenen xHMHgeCKH aKTHBHH Bewecrsa.
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e Beqe HanpeAaano.
B Ta6A. 8-1 ca AaAenn rnaBHnTe CKaJ[o06pa3yBanuH MHHepaaH, KOHTO npH o6HKHOBeBH
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Ha CKaaHaTa ocHoBa.
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CKBAHaTa OCHOBa. _
2. BCAeACTBHe CHAHOTO nOHHHCenne Ha BbTpewaoTO TpHene a HSBeTpeJHTe cepneHTRHH
Ha 1. XII. 1923 r. e pyxHana a 0BHpHaTa CTeHa FAeHo, cpyHAxpaHa Bbpxy Roches vertes'
B o6AacTTa Baa KonoHHxa (HTaaHaacKHre fi=n).
3. r1NpHTbT H RHpOTHRbT npeMHHaBaT. B JIHMOHHT no cAeAUHH rrbT :
2FeSa+2H2O+7Oa=2FeSO4+2H2SO4
2FeSO4+H2SO4+ O = Fe2(SO4)s + NO
Fea(SO4)3+6H2O=2E e(OH)3+3HsSO4
AHMOHHT B pa3TBop
Pa3TBapHHeTO Ha KaJwneBOKap6oHaTHHTe cKaAH CTasa no caeAHHs Ha9HH:
CaCOS+COa+HaO'Ca(HCOB)2.
nPH MaaKO Haaarane Ha cbAbpxcawna ce BbB Bb3Ayxa CO2 It, npH TennepaTypa 200 ce
pa 3TBapaT oJOno 80-96 Mr1A CaCO,. nPH TOBa OCBOBHOCTTa na BoAaTa ce yaean aaa - pH ]8.
llpH Pco,= 1 aTM., paamopHMocTra Ha CaCO3 AocTHra Ao 1100 Mr/n, a npH Pw,=
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B pe3yJIT3T Ha TOBa OT Hacarena9 C KaAIjHeB 6nKap6oHaT soliea pa3Tsop npH HHCkx
CTOAHOCTH Ha Pco, 3 anogBa 6aSHO OTAeAaHe Ha CaCO3, OTAeAaHeTO ce y8enngaBa It C
yseaxgasanero Ha pH.
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noBxwaaaxe Ha TenneparypaTa TN Hanaaasa.
SIBHO e CJICJIOBaTenao, ue B MHOrO CnygaH Hacnrenwre C KaJIUHeB Kap6onar BOAH Aeq-
CTByBBT 3a3ApaBHTeAHO H ynnbTHHTeaHO Bbpxy cKanxaTa ocaoaa. YnJIbTHBBaxeTO a 3a3Apa=
BBBaHeTO ce xspa3sBaT B 3anbnsaRe Ha wynAHTe a nyKHantaNTe c KaawleB Kap6oaar.
CKAOHOBHTe Hacnarx, KOHTO ce pa3aonaraT OKOAO H3xOAHwaTa Ha Tar.HBa BOAn, cbllj0 ce
HHKpyCTHpaT C Kanl(Hes Kap6oHaT H npH noACHgaHe nOHaCaT nogTa BeplHKaaeH OTKOC. Ta-
KNBa OTAOnCeHHs MOraT As ce oCTaBAT Kpajl R30BnpHHre KpHAa Bbl BOAOxpaHHAHweTo 6e3
oco6eaa onacaocr or o6pywBaae.
2. BOAOIIPOIIYCKJINBOCT
BoAonponyciAHBocTra Ha CKaAHHre Macn, H3nOA3yBaHH Kato CKanHa ocaoaa Ha asoaupwTe,
e nbpBocTenexeH H Ba)cea reorexawgecKa noKaaarea. TB ce nponsaBa raasao 8 ABe HBCOKa:
a) Cb3Aaaa yCAOBHa 3a 3HagHTeAHH (nHATpauHOHHH 3ary6H Ha Mara3HHHpamHTe a3o-
BHpiH BOAR;
6) c73Aas8 ycnoana3a noHHHCaBawe Ka reorexHxgecinre KBgecmBa H yCT099H000rra Be
OCHOBaTa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
B HAKOH CAy4aw, xoHTO ca TBbpAe TexcKH 3a A30snpnoTo CTpolreACTBO, Bb3Aef1CTBHeTO
Ha BOAOnPOnyCKAHBOCTTa nPOTH4a w B ABeTe Hacoxi eABoBpeMenRo.
06xoAHaTa dnuiTpawx ce o6ycaaBa rnaBHo or HanyKaHOCTTa m 4)OpMUTe Ha 3aAaraHe
Ha cxarHHTe MACH. OT' Apyra cTpaHa, BOAHHHT Hanop Ha $l3oBHpHHTe BOAR MoHce Aa noA-
CHAH cpHATpauHsTa HAH Aa H HanpaBH Bb3MONcHa, axo Ta He ce e npoaaasaaa npH 06HKHo-
BeHH, ecTecTBeHH yCAOBHa.
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HHeTO Ha CKaJHaTa HanyKaHOCT. B ciiy4aa Haft-CBAHO H 6bp3o BOAHTe ce 4IHATpHpaT apes
KOHTpaKUHOHHHTe CKaAHH nyicHaTHHH, Tbft K TO B nOBegeTO CAylaH Te ca npa3HH, qHCTH H
WHpoKO omopeHH. no-MaaKO BOAa nponycxaT H3BeTpwTeAHHTe nyKHaTHHH, KOHTO B no-
BbpWHHTe CH OTAeAH ca 4aCTHgHO HAH H3UBAO 3an%4HemH C pb6ecT, AeaysHaaeH MaTe-
paaJ. TeICTOHCKHTe nyKHaTHHH Ca Haft-8oJ[OnAbTHH, KoraTo ca o6pa3yBaHH B pe3yATaT Ha
HaTHCx.
RpH CeAHMeHTHHTe CKaAH yCJ1oBIHTa 3a 4IHATpaUHn Ce OnpeAeAAT ocBeH OT HanyKa-
HOCTTa H OT 3aaaraneTO Ha naaCTOBeTe. AKo, BCHqKH Apyro ycioBHa ca eAHaKBH,MaKCHMaAHH
BoAOHsragaHHa HaCTbnaaT, KoraTo nnacToRete Ha BOAOHOCHHTe H'BOAOH3HOCHHTe XOPH30HTH
Ca C HaKAOH KbM BOAOxpanHAHnieTo. O6paTfio, KoraTo HaKJIOHbT Ha niacTOBeTe e KbM ab3-
AyWHaTa CTpaHa Ba 51308HPHaTa nperpaAa, KOJW4ecTBOro Ha 4JHArpHpaurHTe ce BOAH we
6bAe Haft-MaAKO.
McTOAHTe 3a KOAH9ecTBeHOTO onpeAeJIHHe Ha (nHATpaWHOHHHTe H3TH4aHHA npe3 Hany-
KaHHTe HAH oxapCTeHHTe CxanaH TepeHH He ca owe TeopeTH4ecKH H npaKTH4ecxH 06ocuo-
BaHH H we rpa6sa Aa?ce Bb3npneMaT canto:KarO ycnoBHH.
OT AbaroTpaftHaTa apaKTHKa B A308Hp1OTO CTpOHTeACTBO ce'yCTaHOBBBa, 4e BOABH 3a-
ry6H OT o6xoAHara IlHJITpafHa MoraT Aa p AonycoaT, aKo npH OnHTHO aOAOnarneTasane a
onpeAeAeux CKaMHH 3oHH BOAonornbIuauero He e nO-FOABMO OT 0,01 A/M npH HajJiraHe or
1 arM.H MomHOCT Ha H3npo6BaHHa cnoll 1 w- Tau crotlaoCT Ha OTHOCHTeaHoro BoA6norAb-
mane o6a4e e KpaftnoyCAOBHa H Tpa6Ba Ai ce ob3npoeMa BHHafH B TacHa 3aBHCHMOCT OT
CbmecTBysamuTe o6mH reonowmi yc zousi Ha TepeHa.
Heo6xonnMO e Aa ce BbanpneMe raeAHmero, 4e B noBegeTO cny4aH (pnJrpaunoHHHre
3ary6H OKOAO a30BHPHHTe nperpaAH, KOAKOTO H rOAeMH Aa ca Te, Morar Aa 6bAar HaManeHFY
HAH Hanb.no OTCTpaHeHH pea HanpaBa HajpewHUa H3nnTaHH B HpaKTHKaTa npOTHBO4lHATpa-
UKOHHH Cbopb)xeHH0,
IIo-BaicHHTe OT THa Cbopb)KeHHs H MeponpHBTHa ca caeAHBTe:
1. YAbA)KaBaie H,3aAbA6o4aBaHe Ha npeAHHa a30BHpeH 316.
2. HanpaBa Ha HH)KeKUHOHHa 3aBeca.
3. H3rpaxcAane Ha 3amHTHH, npOTHBo4 HATpauHOHHH noaeTa noaypH, 4pe3:
a) HarpynBaHe Ha CHAHO i}OAOynopHH rmHHH H neCb4AHBH rJlHHH B 30HHTe Ha MaKCH-
MaAHaTa QIHATpauua ;
6) H3rpaN(Aane Ha.)Kene3oTOpxpeTHH .IAH CTOMaHOropxperHHi noxpoBHH cJOeBe;
B) TaMnOHHpaHe Ha OTAeJIHH, orBopeHH3acnnTpauHa CKaA44 KaHaJH,OMH HAM KapCTOBH
xoAOBe.
BoAonponycKAHBocrra e OT oco6eHO 3HageHHe, KoraTO OK83Ha pa3pyWHTeAHO J4efCTBHe
H HaMaiasa aKOCrra H; cbnpoTHBHTeaaara Cnoc06HOCT Ha CKaAHaTp ocHoBa.
Pa3AHiHHTe BHAOBe BAHHHHHHa 4lHATpaUHBTa Bbpxy ctcaAnaxa ocHosaMo3Ke Aa ce rpy-
nHpaT no CAeAHHs Ha4HH:
1. floona Ha MexaHH4Ha Cyip03Ha.
2. Pa3KHCBaie, Ha6b6BaHe H yHHuioicaBaHe Ha coAHTe Ha
BaHe Ha CHANTe Ha TpaeHe.
3. XHMH4eCKa Pa3TBOPHMOCT Aa
HAH 3eMHH HaCHnu.
CuenaeHHe, KaKTO H HaMaAa-
4. YnpaicHABane Ha onacoo n0AHaJNraHHI B OCHOBHTe Ha Cb011b)xeHN5ITa.
roneMHaara H BpeMeTpaeHeTo Ha THfi BpeAHH Bb3AeftCfBHa Na 4HJITpauHara Ha BOAaTa
Tpa6Ba Aa ce H3y4aBaT H AoKa3BaT rAaBHo no onHTeH nIT, a Como H 4pe3 Aa6opaTopHH
H3cneABaHHa.
3. YCTOf9HBOCT HA OTKOCHTE
B xHAporexHH4eCKoTO cTpoHTeicTso npH HanpaBaTa Ha Ala6oKH
sae nOAPa3BaHeI Ha HaMHpamH ce noA HanpexceHHe cKaAHH caoese mom 4ecTO ce CTHra
Ao Hapyniasaue ycTogkHBOCTra Ha cianmiTe Maces.
381
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
IIpi asaHMO,aeigraMe c OKOAHITa cpeAa
CKaa006pa3yaau1 MHHepa.a
Mea4{HHeH OpOAYKT
Bum
OT3ena
1
2
3
4
KangHr
CO2+H20
C02+H20
Ca(HCO3,
CaCO3
H2SO4+H20
1-120-(C02
IjOAOMHT
CaMg(CO32
C02+H20
C02+H20
Ca(HCO3)2
Mg(HCOa)2
MarHe3Hr
C02+H20
CO2+H20
Mg(HCO3)
Mg CO3
CHAepwT
H2O+C02
FeCO3
+0
CO2
Fe(HCO3)2
IlHpHT
________
FeS2 H
H2O+0
H2SO4
FeSO4
fHpoTMH
F
s
e
Oproxna3
H2O
OKOAO 100/0 -
CepnuHr
K2A12SJ6O18
1(20 H 40%
KAI2 (A12S13010)
S102 .
(OH)2
HarppooHoproKna3
Na O, K20
(Na )A1S13O6+
- H2O Ao 3%
OKow 40%
CSO
02
H
A
H2O+02+CO2
or 5 Ao 20%
-
i O
Ca
( 2$2 a)
CaO
JjpyrM naarHOKna3H
H20 +Fe203
Or 5 AO 10%
Cap
5103 H 10-15%
2.
JIeBQHT
OKOAO 250/0
K(A1S10206)
H2O
SiO2 H 21,5%
K2O
He4eJHH
Na(AIS10
)
H2O
OKOAO 1/3 OT
-
4
aAxaAHHre OKHCH
BHOTHT
4/6 AO 1/20/0
K(Mg. . Fe)3
H2O
02, 1/2 OT
MgO
. F
( 3 10) (OH. F)2
aU[KaiHHre OKHCH,
3/ MgO, gFe204,
aO8
OJIHBHH
OKOno 120/a MgO
S102
(Mg. Fe)25i01
H2O
HAH 150/0 MgO
pne HH
OKOno 44%
MS6( 4 10) (0H)3
CO2
S102
ABrsr
BCHVIHSI MgO
Ca [Mg. Fe,- . -,Mg ? ? ?j
(S106)
H20+02
H pa3AH9HO KOAH-
4ecTBo CaO.
382
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
UGH3HT
Ca2A13$i3013(OH)
EHHJIOT
Q2 (Al. Fe)3. Si3Ou(OH)
K
paes upoAYsr
Cucroreee a aawluwe Ha 4pOUBRWTe s cRaaoo6pa3ysauiare
MHHepaaH .spay,.3ApasmaTa w.ycroAvwgocrraas cxaaNTe
b
6
CaCO3 - Kaa11HT
HenpoMelnHB HvH pa3TBOpHM.
CaSO4.2H2O - rHnc
YBeJni aBa o6eua cu, c KOeTO ,geACTBysa pa3pyuuTeano
CaMg(COa)~ - AoaoMHT
HenpouexaNB HAH pa3TBOpHM
MgCO3.31120 -
Hamann o6eMa cH H norm Casa CbnpGTHBNTeaHara cHaa
MgCO3 - MarHe3Hr
Ha CbAbpJKaIuHTe ro CxaJIH
Fe2O3.nH2O - iHMOHHT
JLeAcrsyBa Bpenno-Ha 6eroxa. Pa3pywaBa CKaaHaTa
CTPyKTypa
Fe$O3.nH2O - aiMOHHT
L etcrsysar BpeAso Nbpxy 6eToia
Paspymasar c cannara. CTpyK+rypa
KaoinuH
Hamann TpReHeTO Meixuy OTAenHHTe CKaJHH 6aoKoee
A1203.2SiO2.2H20
HM Meicgy 6eTOHa H CKa,maTa my nORnOJKKa
KaODHH
,11efcTBysa npH pa3JJaraHeTo CH Kano O TOKJIa3bT
A1203. 2SI02.2Hs0
KaoiHH
Hamann TpHeHeTO Mexcuy oTAenHHTe CKaaHH 6aoKoae
Also, . 2S102.2H2O
HaMaAABar sxocrra Ha cKazwre, KaKTO K T,xnaTa
ycro t HeoCT
Kaoa,m
IIpH HaaHgHe Bbs BOj[Hre Ha Na2COg, aeaiu r cbibpwaamwm
A1203.2S103. 2H,0
CKauN 6bp30 H33BTpgBar
XHApoHe4eaHH
-
MyCKOBHT
IIOHHacaia TosapoHocHMocrra Ha CKaaHTe
Xaopnr
CepnenrrH
CHAHo nonikaBa CNaHTe Ha TpHeue Mexcay OTAeJHHTe
Taax'
cxaaun 6JOKOBe H HaMauHB5 RKOCTTa HM
Marne3Hr
Cbmoro
MgCO?,
Em AoT
-
Ca2 (AIFe)8SI3012 ]OH]
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
a) YCTO*4HBOCT na OTKOCHTe npH XOPH30HTa.mo nonoHCeHHe
Ha nnBCTOBeTe
YCTOAgHSOCrra Ha CKBAHHTe Maces npH xopuaowranHO nono)KeHHe Ha nJBIcTOBere e HaA-
roABMa H 3H8VHTeaHO no-AbaroTpaAHa. B npHpoAHa o6CTaHoBKa npH noApasaaae Ha cum c
xopH3oHTaneu nnacTopeA OTKOCHTe AocTHraT AO 85---90D, a He ca peAKH cny9aHTe, Kor8To
Ce Ha6Al0AaBaT H o6paTHH OTKOCH, T. e. o6paayBa ce CKaJHO HaABeCBaHe (d1Hr. 8-I).
a)
(PHr. 8-I. a) HpOnOM Ha p. BHT npH C. CaAoBen B MaCTpHXTCKH
BapOBHIIH ; 6) fponou na p. KpH9HM npH c. Temea B MpaMOpH3H-
paHH SapoBHuH
I7pn peAyaaHe Ha 3ApaBH CKanHH CAoeBe c MepresHH HAH rAHHeCTH nnacrose ce nOny
gaBaT HeycTongHBH OTKOCH. HeycTOAgnBocTTa ce Arazn Ha BRUMuBaHe Ha CHARM Ha H3
fpbHCAHBOCT B no-CAa6HTe cioeae BcmencTBHe 6bp3or0 H3BeTpJBJHe H AefcTBHeTO Ha Ha
npeuceHHHTa Bbpxy'H3BeTpHTeAHHTe nOBbpXHHHH.
(PHr. 8-2.. nponoM Ha P. Pocuua Me>1cAy c. FopcKo
Koc0B0 H KpacHo rpaAHlue B anrcKH MepreJH, n9Cb9~
HHUH H BapOBHuH
npHATHB:
a) 3ana3BaHe Ha AeayBHaaHaTa
BeTpSBBHe CKanr B onoca.
B cJlygaa, AaAeH Ha 4nHr. 8-2,
oTKOCbT Ha BapoBHTHTe nKCbgHH-
nH ocraaa nogri BepTHKaael u ce
o6pywaa eABa caeA paspywaea-
Hero a epoAHpaaeTO Ha 3oHHTe
Ha H38eTpHBaHe B rnHHecrnre Mep-
reAH, KOHTO ce pa3KpHaar noA TBE.
3a Aa He ce o6pywBa OTKOC'bT
B noAo6eH repeH npH HanpaHara
Ha H3KOn, H3oBHpeH ab6 HAH Abn-
6oKa rpaHtues 3a cpyaAHpaHe Ha
Apyro Cbop'buceHHe, 3ana3BaneTo
Ha OTKOCa me Tpu6Ba Aa craHe
sa CMeTKa Ha noACHrypBBaHeTO Ha
cna6wTe CKaaHH caoeBe OT H38eT-
pBBaBe.
H3pa3AT raaBHO B H3BbpUIBaHe Ha caeAHBTe Mepo-
Bbpxy nOAaTAHBHTe Ha 6bpso 4IH3HgecKo H3-
6) I43KycrBeHo 3aCKaJHBaHe C yCTol'HBH Ha H3BeTpuBaHe MaTepHaJH.
B) .IZpeHHpaHe Ha Me)KAYnABCTOBHTe BOAH H H3BeMCAaHeTO HM 6e3BpeAHO H3BbH orxoca.
r) TaMnoHHpaHe Ha nyKHaTHHHTe B 30HHTe Ha o6pyIHBaHe.
A) AHKepHpaHe 3a CMeTKa Ha oTKOCHpaHeTo, aKO HanpaaaTa Ha CTa6HneH OTKOC e CBbp-
3aHa C H33eMBaHe Ha roaswa Ky6aTypa CKaia.
e) nPH Hy)KAa OT BpeMeHHO 3ana8BaHe Ha OTKOCHTe (Aolcaro ce 6eroHHpa HAHCe B3?
rpaAH WBIOCTHO CbopbxceHHeTo) noaae)KanHre Ha H3BeTp$BaHe MepreJHO-)'aHHecrH caoeae
Moral Aa Ce Hama IcaT nbpBoaagaaHo c ac4lanToBO neneno, a Bnocae) crBHe c ac4)aar.
KoraTO HMa onacHocr C'bnuecTByBan(HTe OTKOCH BnocJIeACfBHe Aa ce o6pyulaT OT AeA-
_CTBHero Ha B30BHPHHTe BOAH H e He06JC0AHMO Te Aa ce 3anas8T, OCO6eHO B 6AH3OCT C HH-
KOH CbOpbHCeHHB KaTO 51308HPHH Kpaaa, BOAOB3eMHH KyAH, npe)IHBHH opraHH H AP., 3a npeA-
nogNTaHe e npeAnasuHTe MepKH Aa ce H3pa39T B yCHneHO 3acKangBaHe. 3acKaauBaHero MO)Ke
Aa CraHe 3a CMeTKa H8 H3KOHHTe npH 4)yHAHpaHeT0 Ha CbOpbHCeHHHTa HAH Ha H3KOnHTe
Ha AsOBHpHBTa CTena.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
16) YCTOb'IHBOCT Ha OTKOCHTe npii AHCAOL(HpaHN, Or'bHaTH
WIN HaKAOHeKH HJIacTOBe
npH naacToBe, H3BaAeHHor cbCTOHHHe Ha noKOA, ycToA9HBOCTTa Ha OTKOCHTe ce Ha-
PYanaBa B IiHpOKH rpamruH ((nHr. 8-3).
B cnyva9 HaKAOHbT Ha OTKOCHTe Ce o6ycnaas-OT HaKAoHa Ha MexuU acioen a nosbpx-
HHHH B 9eJIHOTO 3a6HBaHe Ha oTAeJHHTe CAceBe. npH noApaaeaie Ha onoPH l CKaJHH
30HH (9eAHHTe sons HAH nAaCTOBHTe rnaBH') H non AeACTmreTo Ha He6AaronpmxTnHTe CHAR
Ha co6cTBenoTO TerAo, CKaAHH-
re MACH ce oruenBaT H ce
npHABH)KBaT AO HenOAps3aHHA
no-AoneH CAOt. B T03H CAy'acf
CHAHTe Ha cuenllenne H BbT-
peIDHO TPHeHe B 3oHHTe Ha
McHC,uynaaCTHHTa ca TBbpAe
MBAKH H He3Ha9HTeAHH H He
MOraT Aa oKa)KaT nOgTH-HHKBK-
BO BAHAHae Bbpxy ycTOt14H-
BOCTTa Ha CKaTosere.
CneA o6pyuusauero ocra-
BaT CTa6HAHH OHHI OTKOCH, (DHr. 8-3. npoaoM Ha p. 4)Hr. 8-4. npoaoM Ha p.
KOHTO ca ycnopeAHH Ha He- Tbwwa npH BEL[ TbHCa* Bb'a HaA -BEL[ Bbga' B
noAp)13aHHTe nAaCTOBH nOBbpx- B naae030uCKH UJHCTH KpHCTaJHHHH CKaAH
HMHH.
Oco6eHo OnaCHH ca n0ACH9aHHara nPH tpyHAHpaHe Ha B30BHpHHTe KpHAa HAM ApyrH
ji u6ox0 3aao)KeHH cbopbKCeHHH OKOAO CTeHaTa. Maxap H He3aaefCTByBBAH npes BpeMe Ha
CTpOHTeJCTBOTO, nOAPH3aHHTe CKaAHH nnacToBe MoraT Aa 3aAefcTByBaT npea BpeMe Ha eKCnAO-
aTauHATa Ha cbopbMCeHHeTO H Aa my npeAaAaT HeCBO#cTBeHH 3a Hero Aon%AHHTeJHH roBapH.
npH CHAHO AHCAOUHp8HH cKaJHH naacTose roAeMHHaTa Ha oTKocwTe cc o6ycaaBB rJaBHO
OT HakJOHa Ha TeKTOHCKH CTpHTHTe 30HH, TeKTOHCKHTe nyxnaTHHH, paaCeAHHTe noBbpxHHHH
H THXHOTO IIPOCTpaHCTBeHO pa3n0A0)KeHHe ((rHr. 8-4).
YCAOBHHTa Ha o6pycusaae npH MaCHBHHTe $ McTaMop4)HHre CKBAH He cc pa3AH9aBat
CbuieCTBeHO OT yCAOBHBTa 3a HapyuiaBaHe Ha OTKOCHTe nPH AHCJIOUHpaHHTe H TeKTOHCKH
CMa9KaHH CeAHMeHTHH CKaAH.
TOBapOHOCHMOCTTa Ha CKaAHHTe MacH ce H3pa3HBa B Cnoco6HocTTa HM Aa nOHaCHT
AnArOTpafHO H 6e3BpeAHO CHJIOBHTe Bb3AeACTBHA Ha CbopbHceHHaTa, B3eTH nooTAeJIHO HAH
3aeAao. TOBapoHOCHMOCTTa cc H3pa3HBa B,nOHaCAHeTO Ha Bb3AeACTBHHTa Kano Ha cTaTHqum,
Taxa H Ha AHHaMH9HH TOBapH, KOHTO MOraT Aa Bb3HHKHaT npe3 Bpeue Ha CTpOHTeACTBOTO
HAH ca npHCbIUH Ha Cbopb)KeHHeTO npe3 pee Ha HeroBBTa eKCIIJIOaTauHA.
Bb3npHeTo e TOBapOHOCHMOCTTa Ha CKaAHTe Aa
cc H3pa3HBa B Kr/cM2.
3a Aa ce yC7aHOBH Ae9CTBHTeAHaTa TOBapoHo-
CHMOCT Ha CKaJHara OCHOBB no nnouu H AbA6o9H-
TpA6Ba
Ha npH Q)yHAHpaHeTO Ha 5130BHnHH CTeHH
,
--y~ _
Aa ce B3eM3T nOA BHHMaHHe npeAH BCHgKO reOAORC- Q) 6'~ OJ
KHTe H xHApOreOAOHCKHTe yCAOBHA, KaKTO H KABCbT
H KOHCTPyKUHHTa Ha cbopb)KeHHeTo. 4PHr. 8-5. BHAOBe CKaJHH nyKHaTHHH
npH MOHOAHTHOCT Ha CKaAHaTa OCHOBa HefHaTa
TOBapOHOCHMOCT 6H Tps6Bano TeopeTH9ecKH Aa ce
upHOAHHCH AO Ky60BaTa 9KOCT Ha CKaAHTe BbB BolonanHTO CbCTOAHHe, upaKTH9eCKH 0689e B
npHpoAHa o6CTaHOBKa, 6naronpuHTHHsT e4)eKT OT MOHOAHTHOCTTa Ha ckanaTa no ornoaneiMe
Ha AOITYCTHMHTe HaTOBapBBHHH ce orpaHH9asa OT:
a) (DH3H9eCKOTO H xHMH9eCKOTO BAHBHHe Ha BOAHTe Bbpxy MHHepaJHHTe KOMHOHeHTH
H CHONKaTa nOMe)KAY HM.
6) TeKTOHCK3TB npepa6oTKa H CTpaTHrpa4)CKHTe B3aHMOOTHOWeHHH.
B) Bb3Mo)KHocTTa OT nOABa H Bb3AefCTBHe Ha HOBH CHAOBH HanpenceHHH: CeH3MHgHOCT,
IJIPHHHCKH HaTHCK, xHAPOCTaTH9eH HaTHCK H Ap.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HanyKaHOCTTa HaCKaJHTe HBMaJHIBa raxnara TOBapOHOCHMOCT AO 3Ha4HTeJHHpa3MepH.
nyKHaTHHHTe Hapymaaar MononHTHocrra Ha CKanara H.Cb3A8BaT yCAOBHa 3a ycHaeHO ara-
KyBBHe Ha CKaAHaTa OCHOBa OT BOANTe. B CAy4aA npOH3XOAbT H CbCTOHHHeTO Ha nyKHaTR-
mire oKa3$aT CbnjeCTBeHO BJIBAHHe. CnOpei CbCTOAHHeTO co (())Hr. 8-5) nyKHaTHHHTe ce Ae-
ABT Ha : %
a) HanbnHO OTBopeHM, 3eeiuH nyKHaTNHH;
6) nOJly3aTBOpeHH, nOnyTaMROHHpaHH nyKHaTNHH;
B) HanbJIHO TaMROHMpaHH, 30TBOpeHH nyKHaTNHH (C H3BeTpHTeJIHH npOAyKTH, MHHepaAHH
Haaeni H AP.);
r) 3aTBOpeHH KaBepHH.
OTBOpeHHTe, nOJIyT&MnOHMpaHHTe H;TYMnOHHpaHHTeC B3BCTPHTeJlHH npOAyKTH.nyKHa-
THHH OKa3BaT H3KJIIO'BTeJHO ne6aaronpH4THO BANAHHe BbpXy TOBapoHOCHMOCTTa Ha CKaJHTe.
nyKHaTHHHTe, Sam memit BTopl4Ho C KBaplj HJIH KaJIUNT, 3a3apaBBBaT CKanHaTa OCHOBa H B
T03H CMHCbJI ca aaB(e MKeJaTeaHH.
3arBOpeHHTe KaBepHH OKa3BaT BJIHAHHe B 3aBHCHMOCT OT pa3MepHTe NM H 4eCTOTaTa Ha
pa3npOCTpaHeHHe.
KpHCTaJIHaTa HanyKBHOCT Ha MHHepaJIHHTe KOMnoHCHTH yAeCHBBa HaMaJIABaHeTO Ha HKOCT-
Ta 4pe3 Cb3AaBaHe Ha KanHJIBpeH BOAeH HaTHCK H 6bp3O H3BeTpHBBHe Ha cbpLIeBxHaTa`
Ha 3ApaBHTe no BbHIneH BRA CKaJIHH Mac4.
r(JIHM 6pof1 CKaJIHH BHAOBe, B rpaue)Ka Ha KOHTO yuacrByBa H rJIHHeCTa KOMnOHeHTa,
nOAAOH(CHH -Ha Aef1CTBHeTO Ha HaTHCKOBH yCHAHR,ce Ae4JopMHpaT H H3MeHAT o6eMa CH.
?nbpBOHa4aJIHHTe Ae4)OpMaUHH ca or xapaxrepa Ha ejlaCTHgHHTe (Bb3BpaTHMHTe), Ho npH npe
KOMepHO ynpa)xHeHH CHJIOBH Bb3AeRCTBHH 3a AaAeH cKaJIeH BHA Bb3BpaTHMHTe Ae4lopMaLURH
npeMHHaBaT 4aCTHvHO HAH H3Ij1JIO B HeB'b3BpaTHMH (nnaCTHgHH) Ae4)opMa4HH. Mo)Ke ? Aa ce
Ka)Ke, 4e npH nO'TH BCH'KH CKaJIHH BHAOBe nnaCTHgHaTa Ae(popMaixHa ce npOABABa CAeA
npeOAOJaBaHe Ha Taxxara enacrHgHa cBHBaeMocT.
OTHOmeHHero Mei(Ay ynpa)KH$BaHHre Hanpe)KeHHH H roneMHHara- Ha noay4eHara ena-
CTH4Ha Ae(popMauHa B CKaaaTa Mo)(e Aa ce H3pa3H pea 3aKOHa 3a nporlopuHOHaJlHOCTTa npH
pa3TaraHeTO Ha AaAeHO TARO no HeroiaTa HaAnbMcHa OC cbC caeAHaTa 4)opMyAa:
(8,1) a =Es,
KbweTO a e Hanpe)KeHHe;
e - Ae(?opMauHs (yAbn IceHNe) ;
E - Koe#uEeHT Ha nponOpl(HOHaJHOCT HAM MOAyn Ha eAaCTMuHOCT (MOAyn Ha K)Hr).
AKO AaAeH CKaaeH Kbc npeAH noAnaraHeTO My Ha CHAOBO B'b3AeflCTBHe e HMan CAHH
pa3MepH, a CneA HaTOBapBaHeTO My e nony4HA ApyrH, OTHOCHTeAHOTO CAHCBaHe jue 6%Ae:
d-doAd
do d '
(8,2) Bg = . _
o
KbAero do e pa3MepH. Ha Hanpe4HNa pa3pe3 Ha CKaAHH5I KbC B CMa npeAH HaroBapaaHero;
a - pa3MepH Ha Hanpe4HHa pa3pe3 Ha CKBAHHH KbC B CM2 CneA npoaaeHaTa Ae-
r(JopMauHa ;
Mg -.OTHOCHTeAHO H3MeHeHHe B Hanpe4HOTO cegeHRe.
OTHOmCHMeTO Meway OLHOCHTen8.OTO CBHBaHe H OTHOCHTeaROro pa3TBraHe e KOHCTaHTHa
BeJR4HHa H ffOCM Ha3BaHHeTO KOe4)HRHeHT Ha foacon.
(8,3) s =?- const.
4HcJleHaTa CTOf1HOCT Ha Koe4)HuHeHTa Ha noacoH 3a BCH4KH CKaJIHH BHAOBe e BHHarH
no?MaJIKa OT 0,5 H 06HKHOBeHO ce ABH)KH Me)KAy 0,20 H 0,25. -
B CpaBHeHHe c enaCTHgHaTa Ae(popMaUHA, KOIITO e Bb3BpaTHMa, nJlaCTHgHaTa Ae(popMauiic
ce 3ana3Ba H OCTaBa caeA npeMaxBaHeTO Ha CBAOBHTe Bb3AeftCTBHa BbpXy cKaaHTe.
npH MHOCO CKaAHH BHAOBe caerBaeMOCTTa MO)Ke Aa HaCTbnH 3a CMeTKa Ha npOMeHH OT
CbBbplneHO Apyro eCTeCTBO, HanpNMep HaManaBaHe o6eMa Ha CKaAHaTa Maca BcaeACTBHe Hy
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45000620001-3
Ta6nHga'8-2
CTORHOCT Ha Mouyaa Ha IOHr 3a HHKOH MHHepBAHH H CKSJIHH BHJ[oee
(no Wpefnep)
MHHepaaeH HAH
MoAyA Ha IOHr,
MHHepaeeH HAH
MoayA Ka }OHr,
CKaAeH BHA
Kr,'MM'
CKaaeH BHA
Kr/MM'
KBBpu
7 850-10 000
BapoBHUH
no 8500
4)eJAmna..
. no 8000
KBapUHTH
no 10 000
KanUHT
5800- 9 000
11ACb4HHUH
naA 5 000
rHnc
1 200- 1 500
I-nnHecmH HIHCTH
1500-2 500
KaMeHHa con
no 4 000
IlaCbHH
no 500
rpaHHTH
no 6 000
rJIHHH
no 150'
Ba3anTH
no 9 700
QeicAaHe Ha BOAara OT KanHJIHPHHTe nyKHaTHHH, nOPHTe H ManKHTe H1ynaH Han 3a cMeTKa
Ha HBManBBaHeTO Ha o6eMa Ha CB011CTBeHMTe 3a CKanaTa H1ynaH.
BCH4KH THB CBOlcrBa 6Hxa HMaJH CBOeTO HeOUeHHMO 3Ha4eHHe KaTO BancHH noKa3aTeaH
3a H34HCnBBaHe, aKO CKanHTe B npnponaTa ce epeinaxa CaMO B cBOH MOHOJIHTeH BHA. B
npnpoAaTa 06aue BCHqKH CKaJH ca nOBege HAH no-ManKO HanyKaHH, pa36HTH, cMeceHH H
acpalHO pa3H006pa3HH no C'6CTa6 H BHA, KoeTO 06CTOHTeaCTBo npaBH ropHHTe H3BOAH 6e3
oco6eHO npaKTH4eCKO 3Ha4eHHe.
6. rOAHOCT HA CKAJIHTE 3A OCHOBA HA I3OBHPH
CKaanHTe BHAOBe Ca pa3ni4Ho rOAHH 3a OCHOBa Ha H30BHPHMTe CTeHH B 3aBncHMOCT
oT TexHHH CbCTaB, 3aJHraHe H yCT0114HBOCT Ha AeACTBHeTO Ha pa3pyHlHTeJHHTe CHaR.
Macuetiu cxaizu
IHTpy3HBHH
I-paHHTH, CMeHHTH, ra6po, .I[HOPHTH, [IepHAOTHTH
H npeXOAHTe Me?KAy TSIX
1. 17peHMyitecTBa :
a) 11paKTHgecKH Hepa3TBOPHKK H HecnerBaeMH.
6) 3ApaBH, nnbTHH H yCTOA4H8H Ha AbnrOTpaf1HH
cpaBHHTenHO roneuH06eMHH Tern.
B) 1IOHacsT Abnro BpeMe CTp'bMHH OTKOCH.
r) IIpH cna6a HanyKaHOCT HMaT TBbpAe HHCKa BononponyCKAHBOCT.
A) IlopaAH nHnca Ha HannacTeHOCr nOHacsT BHCOKH HaaaraHHH npH HHWeKTHpaHe.
YnnbrHHBaT ce Ao6pe.
e) roAHH ca 3a 4)yHAHpaHe Ha BCH4KH BHAOBe H3OBHPHH CTeHH.
2. HeAOCTarbUH :
a) reoao)(KM CTapHTe H 113nHTajIHTe TeKTOHCKO Bb3Ae11CTBHe H3BeTP5IBaT Abn6oKO'no
npeapbutanero HM B rpyc.
6) 143BeTpsBaxero H pa3pywananero HM Ce o6ycnasH Hag-Bege OT HanyKBHOCT1a H
ce pa3nPOCTHpa HepaBHOMepHO B Abn6o4HHa.
B) IIpH ynnbTHBBaHe 4pe3 UHMeHTauHH BcpaBHeHHe CnpyrNTe CKaaHH BHAOBe noeMaT
roaeMH KOnH4eCTBa UHMeHT.
r) IIpH 6aOKOBO (C(pepH4HO) H3BeTpsBaHe ce nOHacAT Karo pa3HOpoAHa cnaJHa OCHO-
Ba - TOBapOHOCHMOCTTa HM e pa3AH4Ha no nnOIU H Abn6o4HHa.
A) BpH3aHTHOTO B3pHBHBaHe rH pa3nyKBa CHJHO H Ha AbJI60KO.
OT MaCHBHHTe CKaJH CpaBHHTeJHO no-6bp30 H3BeTpsBaT OHBH, KOHTO cbAbp)KaT nOBe4e
4IeMH4HI1 MHHePaJIH H KanUHeBH 4)enAlHnaTH, a HMeHHO AHOpHTOBHTe H ra6posnre CKanH.
B Ta3H rpyna no CBOIICTBaTa cH H3KJU04eHHenpaBHT ynTpa6a3H4HHTe CKanm. TBXHaTa
cnOco6HOCT KbM CepneHTHHH32UHH H OTAenRHe Ha MarHe3HeBH H TaJIKOBH BeuteCTBa BOAR AO
387
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HaMaxsBaHe Ha yCTON98BocTTa Ha CKanaTa H Ha brbna Ba TpHeHe B 30HHTe Ha pa3J1OMHBa-
HeTO H KOHTaKTHTe C 6eTOHa.
3a 3ApaBH H He3acerHaTH OT H3BeTp$BaHeTO Tps6sa Aa ce npHeMaT OHHB HHTpy3HBHH
cKaAH, KOHTO npHTeacaBaT:
1) cpeAHa xy6oBa HKOCT BIB BOAOHanHTO CbcTOHHHe HaA 1500 KrJCM2;
2) cpeAHa HKOCT Ha cpM3Baxe HaA 150 KrJCM2;
3) cpeAHa CTOAHOCT Ha KOe(pHUHeHTa Ha rpaeHe McMCAy
cxana H 6eTOH 0,65
E()y3HBHH (ByJIKaHHTH)
Ba3aIITH, .IaHa6a3H, nop4 HpHTH, aH,z e3HTH, pHOJIHTII
(JIHnapHTH), TpaXHTH H TeXHHTe pa3HOBHAHOCTH
1. fpeHMyiuecTBa :
a) IlpaKTHVeCKH. HeCAerBaeMH H Hepa3TBOpHMH.
6) 3ApaBH H yCTOA4HBH Ha AbJrOTpaf4HH Bb3AeACTBHH.
B) 110HacsT A'6Aro pee cTpbMHH OTKOCH.
r) roAHH ca 3a (pyHAHpaHe Ha BCHKaKBH BHAOBe a30BHpHH CTeHH, HO npH onpeae-
AeHH yCAOBHH Ha 3aaHraHe H HanyKaHOCr.
2. HeJJOCTarbuH :
a) I1aaeOByJIKaHCKHTe, H3nHTaAHTe TeKTOHCKH Bb3Aef1CTBH9 H HanyKaHHTe HMaT CHAHO
nOHHM(eHH reOTeXHHHHH CBOi1CTBa.
6) IlpouenBaT ce OT TpyAHO yCTaHOBHMH nAaKOpHH nOBbpXHHHH; C7,rgeCTByB3T He-
6narOnpHHTHH KOHTaKTH C ApyrHTe CKaAHH BHAOBe, 06pa3yBaHH npH H3AHBaHeTO
Ha AaBaTa.
B) MHoro YeCTO HanyKaHOCTTa e nbpBHHHa m e 3acerHana CKaaHHTe MaCH Ha rOAHMa
A%A609HHa, oco6eHO npH CTbKAOBHAHHTe pa3HOBHAHOCTH.
r) I1pHTew(aBaT 3HaYHTeJHa IuyfAHBOCT, KOHTO yBeaHYaBa BOAOHOHHBaeMocTTa Ha CKaA-
HaTa Maca H HaMaAHBa CbnpOTHBHTeAHOCTTa A KbM TeMnepaTypHHTe KOAe6aHHfl.
5. nPH KOHTpaKUHOHHa HanyKaHOCT uyKHaTHHHTe ca OTBOpeHH (3eelUH), Ko2TO CnO-
Mara 3a n0BHHIaBaHe Ha BOAOnpOnyCKJIHBOCTTa HM (pHOAHTOB, 6a3aAToB KapCT).
6. 4eCTO HMa BAOMCeHH' Ty4)03HH 30HH HAH ApyrH 4y)K4H CKaJIHH OTAO%eHHH.
7. KaKTO HHTpy3HBHHTe norabluaT roneMH KOAH9eCTBa UHMeHT npH ynJbTHHBaHe.
8. 3aaBraHeTO HM e HepaBHOMepno H HenpaBHAHO.
3a 3ApaBH H He3acerHaTH OT H3BeTpHBaHeTO Tps6Ba Aa Ce npHemaT OHHH e4)y3HBHH
CKaAH, KOHTO npHTeucaBaT:
1) cpeAHa Ky6oBa BKOCT BbB BOAOHanHTO cbCTOHHHe HaA 800 Kr/CM2:
2) cpeAHa HKOCT Ha CpM3BaHe 100 Kr/cM2;
3) Koec4HUHeHT Ha pa3MeKBaHe 0,90;
4) BoAOnonuaaeMOCT AO 2%/0
5) cpeAHa CTOAHOCT Ha Koe4)HuHeHTa Ha TpHeHe Me)KAy
cxana H 6eTOH 0,65.
MemaMopg6tHu cxa.itu
rHaj cH, MpaMOpH, KBapLJHTH, HIHCTH, 4)HJIHTH H j[p.
1. 1lpeHMyuleclBa :
a) rIpaKTHYecKH HecaerBaeMH H Hepa3TBOpHMH (C H3KAK)4eHHe Ha Kap60HaTHHTe).
6) 3ApaBH H yCTOAYHBH Ha AbnrOTpaNHH CHAOBH 8b3Ae9CTBHH.
B) CaMO aM4}t6oJ1HTHTe, KOHTO ca 4)eJAHInaTH3HpaHH H ce H3rpawCAaT OT 4epeH am-
(1)H6oA, ce npx6AHM(asaT n0 CBOHTe KaveCTBa AO HHTpy3HBHHTe CKaAH..gpyrnre
McTaMop(lHH CKaAHH pa3HOBHAHOCTH 3aeMaT cpeAHO nono)KeHHe Me)KAy HHrpy3HB-
HHTe H CeAHMeHTHHTe cxaAH.
2. HeuocraTbuu :
a) Ka'ucTBara Ha MeraMOp4IHHTe CKaiH ce BAOH1aBaT C yBeJHVaBaHe Ha KOAH1CCTBOTO
Ha CAx)AaTa B TAX. BbB BCHgKH CAygaH cJK)AaTa CAy)(H KaTO cMa3ogHo Ben1e-
CTBO' H yAeCHBBa CTpHBaHeTO H XAb3raHeTO Me)KJy OTAeJHHTe 6AOKOBe HAH
CKaJIHH KOMnAeKCH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
6) HMaT BTOpHgHa caoHC7ocr N KAHHaHCHa HanyuHocT.
B) IIpH noACHgaHe Na nRaCTOBHre rmasH? MHOrO gecTO 3HBRHTeAHH CKaJHH MacH
ce o6pywsar HAH ynpaacHaeaT AOn'hRHHTeAHN HanpexceHHN Bbpxy cbopbxceHHATa.
r) TpyAHo noAar]MBH Ca Ha ynubsHaaHe nopaAN CHAHO 3armum aHe H KoAMaTH-
pase Ha nyxaamHHHre C nPOAYKTH OT H3BerpaeaHero.
A) CbntecTsyBa oxapcTNBaHe Ha Kap6oHaTHHTe pa3HOBHAHOCTH.
e) B KOHTaKTHHTe 30HH HAH B nyKHBTHHHTe HMa nHpNTH3aun.
Bc) IIOAaTAHBH Ca Ha MHAOHHTH3aUNH, KOHTO e HIHPOKO pa3npoCTpaHeHa B TH*.
Karo 3AP8BH H He3aCerHaTH OT HSBeTPABBHeTO Tpa6Ba Aa Ce CMNTaT OHHH McTaMOp4LHH
CKaAH, KOMTO npHTeHCasaT :
1) cpeAHa Ky6osa BKOCT BbB BOAOHanHTO cbcToaHHe HAIL 800 Kr'cM2;
2) aKOCT Ha CP93B2He HaA 100 Kr/CM2;
3) cpeAHa CTOAHOCT Ha Koe()HQHeHTa Ha TPHeHe McXCAy
CKana H 6eTOH 0,55
Cedu.Keumua cKanu
BapOBHTH CKaJH
1. llpeHMyluecrsa :
a) 11paxTHVeCKH HecaeraaeMH.
6) 3ApaBH H YCTOf14HBH Ha ATArOTpaAHH CHAOBH B'b3AeACTBNA.
B) nPH xopnaoaTaJHO noaoHceHHe Ha naacToBeTe AbAro BpeMe noHaclT orpbMHM, AO
BepTHKaJHH OTKOCH.
r) TpyAHO ce nOAAaBaT Ha 4)H3HgecKo H3BeTpHaaHe.
A) 11pH 0TCbCTBHe Ha OKapcTaBaHe aeCHO Ce noAAaBar Na ynnbiHHBaHe pea uNMeH-
TauHB, r.HHH3anHA HAN 6HTyMMHH3auHH.
2. HeAocrarbuH :
a) Pa3TBOpHMH H noAaTAHBN Ha KapcToo6pa3yBane.
6) 4auHaAHO H3MeHUHBH Ha66AN3KH pa3CTONHH$ KaKTO B x0pu30HTaaHo, Tama H BbB
BepTHKaJHO HanpaBAeHHe. BCAeAcTBHe Ha Te3H NM KagecTBa NKOCTTa Ha HaTMCK H
CpB3BaHe ce ABH)KH B n1HpOKH rpaHHUH - OT 100 Ao 2500 Kr/CM2.
B) nPH HHHCeKTNpaHe norJrbnLaT roneMH KOAHgecTBa uHMeNT.
r) I1pHCbCTBHeTo Ha rAHHeCTa KOMHOHeHTa rH npaBH HeyCTOAYHBH; HeyCTOA4NBOCTTa
HM ce yBeAH4aBa C yBeaH4aBaHeTO Ha rAHHecT(YTO seu(ecrso 8 TNx.
TepHreHHH cKanH
HosraouepaTH, 6peK9HH, nHCbgHHUH H AP.
1. HpeHMyluecTBa :
a) 11paKTHgeCKH HeCAerBaeMH H Hepa3TBOpHMH, KoraTo CROAKaTa Me11Ay OTAe1HHTe
MHHepaAHH 3bpHa H CKBAHH KbCOBe e CHAHUHeBa.
6) 3ApaBH H yCTOA4HBH Ha IOCTOHHHH CHAOBH B7.3AeACTBH5I, KoraTo AHHCBa rAHHeCTa
Has ranHecTo-BapoBHTa CnotKa.
B) IIOHaCAT CTI'bMHH OTKOCH.
2. HeAocraTban :
a) 11oAAaBar Ce CpaBHHTeJHO 6bp30 Ha 4)L3HVecKO H3BeTpsBaue.
6) 4auHaAHO H3MeHgHBH B xopH3oHTaAHO H BepTHKaAHO HanpaBAeHHe.
r) nPH HaAHgHe Ha rAHHecra KoMnoxeHTa ca cAa6o yCTOAvIBH Ha HaTHcK H CpS3BaHe.
A) 11pHTexcaBar BHCOxa nopbO3HOCT H BOAonponyCKnHBOCT; 6bpso ce noAAao&T Ha
pa3pywasaHe nPH pe3KH TewneparypHH KOAe6aHHa.
MepreaH H rJnHeCTO-uepreAHH CKaaH
1. 17peKbLuecTBa :
a) fpaKrHYecKH TPYAHO pa3TBOpHMH.
6) TeKTOHCKH HenapycneHHTe MeprelH H rnHHeCTO-MepreAHH cKaaH npxreHCaBaT BH-
coma BOAOynOpHOCT, KONTO e WHOM nOAXOAHW,a 3a BOAOEPBHHAHn18Ta H$ Q3OBH-
pHTe. HeOKOMCKHTe MepreAH nou Pa6HCBKoro e3epo H AHeC Ca CyxH Ha AbA60-
gHHa 20-25 M.
2. HeAocraTbuH :
a) B OBnaacHeHHTe 30HH MepreaHTe ca cnereaeMH H Ba6b6ear.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
6) B7.p3o ce nOAAaBaT Ha 4)H3H9ecxo H3BerpABaHe, oco6eno B KOHTa1(T "C Bna)Kei
Bb3Ayx. (Ky6ve OT HeOKOMCKHTe rJHHeCTH MeprenH OT BOAOXpaHHJIHuxeT0 Ha $130-
BHp AneKcaHAbp CTaM60AHf1CKH C pa3MepH 10 X 10 X 10 CM, nOCTaBeHO Ha Bb3-
AeftCTBHeT0 Ha Bb3AywHO TeqeHHe H Baara ce pa3naAa 3a 38 4.)
B) KOe4,HUHeHTI T Ha TpHeHe Meway OTAeJIHHTe MeprenHH CJ[OeBe, Me)KAy Hepa3rBO-
PHMH H Hepa3MeKBaUiH ce CKan)1 H Mepren HJIH Mc)Kfl 6eTOH H Meprea e TBbpAe-
ManbK H npOMeHJIHB. TpHeHeTO H CnenaeHHeTO no4TH OTCbCTByBaT, KOraTO Mep-
-reJIHaTa TIOBbpXHHHa e BOAOH3HOCeH xOpH30HT.
r) 1lyKHaTHHHTe B MeprenHTe n rnHHeCTO-MepreJHHTe CKaau ce ynnbTHABaT Kpaf1Ho
TpyAHO no KOflTO H Aa e McTOA.
O6uio MeprenHTe H rJIHHeCTHTe MeprenH Ce CMATaT KaTO HenOAXOAAnia cKai[Ha,OCHOBa'
3a H3rpaNCAaHe Ha A30BHPHH nperpaAH, oco6eHO npH nO-BHCOK KnaC Ha cbopbHCeHHeTo.AKO-
e HanOHCHTeJHO Aa ce 4)yaAHpaBbpxy TAX, re TpA6sa Aa ce nouno)KaT Ha BHHMaTenHO reo-
Ulucmu
IVlepreJHH, cepHUHTOBH, rnHHeCTH H AP.
JlpeHMyiueCrBaTa H HeAOCTaTbUHTe Ha Te3H CKanHH BHAOBe KaTO OCHOBH Ha 5j30BHpHH
CTeHH He ce OTJIH4aBaT CbuieCTBeHO OT npeHMyIUeCTBara H HeAOCTaTbUHTe Ha MeprenHTe.
B HAKOH cay9aH TNA CKaAHN BHAOBe cbAbp)KaT 3Ha9HTenHH KoAH4ecTBa BapoBHro Be-
lieCTBO, nHpHT, rHHC, aHXHApHT, BbrJIHI1iHH 4epHHAKH H ApyrH npHMecH. Te3H BpeAHH 3a
CTpOHTeJCTBOTO BeniecrBa npH AOCTbn Ha B01 a H KHCJ1OpOA BJIH3aT B XHMH4eCK0 B3aHM0-
Ae13CTBHe noMeacAy CH H 06pa3yBaT HOBH MHHepanH HJH 9aCTH4HO npOMeHAT cbHieCTByBa-
IUHTe"TaKHBa. TOBa npeo6pa3yBaHe Ha MHHepaJHTe e CBbp3aHo C npOMeHH B o6eMa Ha CKa-
nara H BOAR Ao pa3pyuiasane Ha CTpyKTypara A. TaKa o6pa3yBaHeTO Ha aHXHApHT B
cbAbp)KaulHTe nHpHT caa60 BapOBHTH IUHCTH e KpaftHO onacHO 3a XHAp0TeXHH9eCKOT0 CTpOH-
TenCTBo. B cny4aA aHXHApHT'bT H3KpHCTaJIH3Hpa BbB BHA Ha MaJKH np0AJIFOBaTH KpHCran-
4eTa, KOHTO ce pa3nonaraT aHH3oTpOnHO Cnp$MO cuarnaTa CTpyKTypa H A pa3pywasaT
6bp30 H CHAHO. CKaaaTa yBesn1aBa o6eMa CH Ao 303/e H npHAasa TosapH OT rOJ/AM pa3Mep
BbpXy c-bop-baceHNATa, H3rpaAeHN BbpXy Hell. t-tpoueCbT npoTN4a B caeAHHA pea :
1. 2FeS2+2H20+702=2FeSO.1+2H2S04 ' B pa3TBOp
2. -H2SO4-f-CaCO3=CaSO4+H2CO3
3. CaSO4+2H20=CaSO4.2H20
reono)(KH no-CTapH're IuHCTH npHTe)Ka63T CpaBHHTeJIHO no-AO6pH reOTexHngeCKH CBOfi-
CTBa (HanpHMep CHJIypCKHTe H Kap60HCKHTe JIHCKH).
Tyg5u u myg5umx
Ty(pHTe H TY[pHTHTe 06pa3yBaT OHa3H rpyna CKaJIHH OTao)KeHHA, KOATO He MO)Ke Aa
ce npHgHCJIH HHTO KbM rpynaTa Ha TepHreHHHTe CKaJIH, HHTO KIM rpynara Ha MeprenHTe H
rJlHHecrnTe 11HCKH. Ito OTHoweHHe Ha CBOATa rOAHOCT KaTO OCHOBa Ha A30BHpHHTe CTeHH
Ty((1HTe H TyIpHTHTe npHTe)(aeaT CBOflCTBaTa 6Ha0 Ha TepHreHHHTe, 6HJ10 Ha MepreJ[HHTe H
rJIHHeCTO-MepreiHHTe CKaJIH. B MHOrO cay4aH Te HMaT CBOH cneUH4)H'HH oco6eHOCTHn HO-
paAH TOBa KbM TAXHaTa reOTeXHH4ecua apeiieuKa we. Tp516Ba Aa ce nplCTbnsa He no Me-
Tona Ha auanorHAra, a ca6A BHHMarenno H3y4aBaHe.
Ky6osara AKOCT, brbA'bT Ha rpnene McKl y 6erosa H CKanHTe OT ceAHMeHTea npOH3-
XOA, KaKTO H CTONHOCTTa Ha HAKOH apyrH nOKa3aTeJH OT T03H pOA nOKa3BaT H111POKH OT-
KAOHeHHA npH yTaeHHTe CKaJ)H H He MoraT oiue Aa ce AaAaT B o6o6uieH Ta6nHYeH BHA.
7. BHAOBE 3AJIACAHE HA CKAJIHTE B OBCEFA HA OCHOBATA
HA 930BHPHHTE CTEHH
Pa3nMgHHTe BHAOBe 3aneraHe Ha CKanHTe B o6cera Ha A30BHpHHTe CTeHH, TeXHHTe ripe -
HMyIUeCTBa H HeAOCTaTbnu, K$KTO H npHCOAHOCTTa Ha pa3JIH4HHTe THnOBe 930BHpHH CTeHH
KbM THnOBeTe CKaJIHa OCHOBa ca pa3rneAaHH B Ta6nuua 8-3, 8-4 H 8-5.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6AHua 8-4
npeHMylueCTBa H HeAOCTamUH Ha CKaJIHa`ra OCHOBa
THnHgHH BN-
AOae aaAara-
He Ha CKa-
AHTe B o6ce-
ra Ha OCHO-
eaTa Ha
B3OBHPHHTe
CTeHH
3ona Ha CKaAHOTO YCTO139HBOCT Ha
N3BetpaBaBe ' OTKOCHTe
MaCHBHH cKanH
Tim a He3Ha4HTejIHa MHOro rWIAMa MHOrO roam ma He3Ha4HTe7Ha'
THn 6 B rpaHHUHTe HaI3aAOB07HTe.Ha rdJIAMa MaJIKa
AOnyCTHMOTO
THn 8 3Ha4HTeJHa CJIa6a MaAKa roaAMa
Thu 2 IMHOrO ro.7AMa MHOro cna6a IMHOr0 M2JIKa roasima
McTaMop4,HH CICaJH
THn a
THn 6
THn 8
THn 2
THn a
THn 6
THn 8
THn 0
THn e
THn a
THn 6
THn 8
MaAKa MHoro roJAMa
He3HaqHTeiiHa roam
He3Ha4HTenxa roasima
B rpaHHUHTe Hi MaJIKa B cKaTO-
AonycTHMOTO here
ronAMa caa6a
ToBapo-
HOCHMOCT
MHOro roasima
roJ)IMa
roJHMa
Manxa
BoAonpoHH-
uaeMOCT
Cnoco6nocT
KbM NH)KeK-
THpaHe
MHOrO Ao6pa
Ao6pa
MaJIKa
TBbpAe MaJIKa
He3Ha4HTeaHa Ao6pa
He3Ha4HTenna Ao6pa
He3Ha4HTeJlia Ao6pa
cpeAHa TpyAHO ce HH-
)KeKTHpar
roJIHMa TpyAHO ce HH-
)KeKrapaT .
cpeAHa MHOrO TpyAHO
Ice HH)KeKTHpa
MHoro ronAMa IiMHoro caa6a IMHOrO MaJKa
C e A H M e H T H H C K a A H
MHoro MaJIKa MHoro roasima roasima
MaJIKa roJIAMa Majwa
roAAMa Manxa pa3JIHgHia B
o6cera Ha
npoc4Hna
MHOro MaJIKa MaAKa npH IIOACH- roasima
4aHe Hi
CTOBeTe
roagma
B WHpOKH rpa-
HHUH
ronsiMa
H3Meri4HBa B WH-iao6pa
pOKH rpaHHUH
MaJIKa B AbJf6o-IHaMaJIKBa B
4HHa
pa3nH4Ha B o6-
cera Ha npo-
c)Haa
H3MeH4HBa B WH-
pOKH rpaHHUH
AbA6o4HHa
nono6psiBa ce
B AbJI6o4HHa
roasima t roliAMa Ao6pa
pa3AHgHa 3a ABa- MaJIKa t H3MeH4HBa B W H- TpyAHO ce HH-
Ta. CKaTB pOKH rpaHHUH MCeKTHpaT
MaJnca Maaia rojisMa TpyAHO ce HH-
)(eKTHpaT
MHOrO roJIAMa orpaHH4eHa orpaHH4pIHa roasiMa. MHorO TpyAHO
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
THn a
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
HanpeseN paspe3 s o6cera ma 11309epsaTa flpo4,Hx no HUJrsxcsara OC Ha a3o.UPHITa
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
CKanHTe TeKTOHCKH pa3-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Hanpeven paspe3 B o6cera Ha 5130HMPHaTM
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Tun
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HanpegeH paspes B o6cera Ha aaoHupHaTa ]lpo41Ha no HaAabHcHaTa oc Is asoaaiPHIT$
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
Cedu.KeRmreu
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
Hanpe9eu paape3 B o6eera Ha 930BHpHaTI
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Tam
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
P O A havienae
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(bur. 8-19
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no WIMtaa T& at na ==spun
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
TAR
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Hanpeaen paapea a o6eera as asosepeara iipoQ,
cte a sa no HuxU,wRJTa oe sa?asosapaura
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Trn Xsp i(Tep hi~..cria to A9orrpHr eTeHa y mac r pa3raeHUaxrre TSHOre
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
Hanpeeas, pampa a 06ean ma ?aoupnan
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
Ta6nxua 8-5
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
THnx nH aH-
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
T a 6 a B is 8-6
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HMYMOaam w Tao a
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WBepuapHx
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6eT0nHa
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o6nexviela
h=87
rpaOITs, Cum
aanyxaMI
3ipastt aM4a6o-
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h-21
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6eIOHBa,
aexo B x&ra
h=103,7
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h=115
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h-22
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roaa
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roaa
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k-40
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48TO 0 nOrattuaae Ha umaeaT
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30 Y, a B KopBTOro Ba pexara so 41 u
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e 6Haa cpyHAHpaHa gpe3 Abroad npe-
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41Maao e roneRS 3aTpy1{HeHHA npit':ytun,T-
HaBaHeTo m HHmcexmpaHero
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xcettTHpaHeTO Ha cxaaawre nylHaTAHH
c cuwear
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gpea HHacelcmpaae Ha uHMeRT, Meprea-
Ha mHa H f mm (6eHTOHHT)
Or reonoiaco rneAtime 6e3 aarpyAHemlx.
6e3 TpyAHOCTH OT reonoxcxo ecTecTBo
OT reoaoxcxo raeAKH[e e 3acrpoeHa
KpaAHO 'ypa'Ho
6e3 o006enH 3aTpyAHeui a
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HanMelOBalHe Ha
agOBHpHrTa CTBHa
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h=110
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nyxaHx aapo-
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ecTecrBO
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creHa C KBattpaTypa oT oKOno 40 000 Ma
e 6Hna H3WIJ10 nOKpHTa C T'bHKa cro-
MaHOTOpHpeTHa nOKpnaKa
UeHeH npnMep KaTO Kpa1ao_ yQa4H0 3a-
cTpoexa BHCOxa B3oBxpHa creHa 6e3
yWFbTHHTeJIHa uHMeHTaUHOHHa 3aseca
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crpoexa
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H TO B xopH3ouTanen nnacTOpeA C Men-
KB MOIUHOCTH Ha oTAenHBTe AOnOMHTHH
CnoeBe., J ,J16ovKHa Ha 3asecara 200 M,
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240 Kr Ha nHHeeH? Memp Or COHAa>K.
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AQHN IHHCTH,
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HH9eCKH- HeB'b3Mo)Kao.1110 THH npn4HHH
creHara e 6Hna H3ocTaBeHe H BnocneA-
crane narpauena Karo 3eMHOnacxnxa c
HaManeha BHCO4HHa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246A045000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
HeBMeHOeaNHe na 7bn a
93OalpMaTa creaa 1 MKOgaaa, M
/laaauaxaa
CAIN
LUaxe
4)pauuHA
h= 17
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Pbmaxui
4 panUHSI
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a Cpecaaara TpyanocTm OT reoaoxao
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npnaTHA aa. .4yHl(HpaHe H3KycTBew
4YHAanear, CTORM Ha 6eToHHH BHKepa
l'yHAaMeHTaTe Ha cTeaara ca 6 mm as
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6eTOH He)R Hero
MontHH. pegFm HaHocn. Z('ba6ogHHa Ha
QIyaAHpaHe B KOpHToTO Ha peKaTB MH-
HBMyM 20 M, MaKCHMyM 44 M
Pa3pymela Ha 13. VIIL 1935 r. 'BCaeA-
cTBxe npeanaaue H nOAMHBaHe Ha Kpx-
aaTa
Tom A308Hp He e 6xa npoy'BaH H reo-
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OT KapcToBAre 30Hx ca H3THgaJIH OKOao
14 000 a/cel. Boca, KooTo sary6a e 6Haa
HaMaaeaa no 500 A/ceic. Ilo npoeiT cre-
HaTa a rps6Baao As Ce 3acrpon as mono
3000 000 Aoaaps, Ho nopaAH ycaoixxe-
HHre reOJIOM(KI yCAOBHH, KOHTb He Ca
6Hax Ao3HaTH npe,aBapHTeJmo, nocTpoB-
Banero as crexara e crpyeano 11 500 000
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S. 3EMHOHACHIIH I CTEHH
3eMHOHacxnHHTe CTeHH ce CTpOBT npeAHMHO B Cay'BHTe, KOraTO B onpetteaeHxg CTBOp
3a 5130BHpHaTa CTeHa CKaaHre ca 3HagnTeaHO BOAoaponycKJHBH, no-caa6o TOBapocnoC06HH,
nOKPHTH OT MOIuHH aayBHaaHH uaHOCH HJIH pa110HbT e CHJm0_Cew3MHgen H TeKTOHCKH o6pa-
6oTen. TaKHBa CTeHH ce CTpOHT H BbpXy 3ApaBa CKaJIHa ocnosa, KoraTo 6AH30 AO 93oBHpa
HMa AoCTaT'bgHO H KagecTBenn MarepHaaH 3a 3eMHOHaCHQHa CTCHa H TA ce ABOBa nO-HKO-
HOMHgHa OT ,gpyrHTe THROBe A30BHPHH CTeHH. 3eMHOHacHHHHAT THn CTeHa ce Haaara H K0-
raTo ocHOBaTa 38 (pynnHpane B onpeAeaeHHA 3a A3OBHPHBTa CTeHa cTBOp ce xapaKTepH3Hpa
C HepaBHOMepHo caarBaHe (B cAygaHre Ha TeKTOHCKa HapynIeHOCT HJIH XOpH3OHraJHO pa3-
Hoo6pa3He B CKaaHHA naacropeA).
HHiceuepnoreoaOB(KHTe npoygBaHHa 3a 3eMHOHaeHnHHTe CTeHH ce npoBeIKAaT no o61uaTa
McTOAHKa 3a npoyqBane Ha A3oBHpHa cTeHa. OCHOBHHAT BbnPOC B Cayga9 e Aa ce yCTaHOBH
CBoeBpeMeHHO, oiue B n-bpBHA craAHa Ha npoeKrxpaxero, KagecrBOTo (npxronuocm) Ha ma- -
repAaaa as H3rpa)KAaHeTO us,TaKbB iHn CreHa. OT CBOA crpaaa 3eMHoHacInHHTe CTeHH He
MOrar Aa ce noaarar BbpXy CKJOHOBe, I(OHTO ca oo-cTpbMHH or 1:1,5. AeaaTeJHo aTo3H
xa
a
n
rz
o
As e oU a no-Naar,.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
a) BHAOBe 3eMHOHaCHnHH CTeHH
3euBoHacxnHnTe AaOBxpHH CTeHH MoraT Aa ce noaeAAT no CJIeAHNA HaquH:
A. B 3aBHCHMOCT OT MarepHaaa 3a CTenaTa H KOHCTpyKUHATa Ha Hanpe9HHA npdtpua
1. EAHOpOAHH. HsrpaAeHH OT cpaBHHTeaHo ej[HopoAex MaTepHaa - pecb9AHBa raxaa,
nacbK, rAxxecT naCbK (4 Hr. 8-28, a).
II. CMeceHn, i c'bCTOAT ce OT KaMeHHOx3CH11HH
yeacrbux H y'IacTbuH,HsrpaaeHH OT pa3HOpoAHH
rJHHeCTO-neC''C4HBH MaTepHaAH (4 )Hr. 8-28,6).
III. CTeHH C ?AApo oT rAxxecT MarepxaA 4(4)1r.
8-28, B).
IV. CTeHH C T3'6pAa AHal4parMa or 6eToH,
NCene3o6eTOH, McTan H Ap. (4)Hr. 8-28, r).
V. CTeHH c nAacTHgeH eKpaH OT rJHHa HAK
neC6'AHBa rAHHa (Q)Hr. 8-28, A).
ZJ VI. CTeHH C TBbpA eKpaH OT 6eTOH, )KeAe30-
6eroH, McTaJI, AbpBo H AP. (4)Hr. 8-28, e).
B. no HagnHa Ha H3rpawAaHe:
I. HacHnHH ynAThTHel{H - H3rpaMKAaT ce OT
rAHHecTOnecb4JINB MarepaaJi apes Hacxnsaae Ha
CTpoHTeAHHA MaTepHaA, CaeA KoeTo Tofl ce
/ TpaM6yBa.
4Hr. 8-28. BHAOBe 3eMuoHacHnHH II. HaMHBHH - H3rpa)(AaT ce OT necb9AHBH
CTeHH MaTepNaAH, KOHTO ce nonaraT Ha MACTOTO Ha
CTeHaTa c noMo.LuTa Ha XHApOMeXaHH3auH9.
111. 17oayMaMHBHH - CbIUO ce H3rpalKAaT npeAHMHO or neC'b4JIHBH MaTepNaAH, KoiTO ce
HaCHPaT Ha MACTOTO Ha CTeHaTa H cAeA rosa ce yna-bTHABaT C nOMOn1Ta Ha BOAa, KOATO
OTMHB3 rAHHeCTBTa 4,paKIXHA.
fopaAH CBOeTO ecTeCTBO 3eMHOHacHnHHTe CTeHH Ce CT?OAT rAyXH - npH TAX He ce
AOnyCKa npeaHBaae Ha A3oBHpHHTe BOAR.
I436HpaHeTO Ha THna Ha npoeKTHpasaTa 3eMHOHaCHnHa CTeHa.CTaBa rxaBHO Bb3 oCHOBa
Ha reoJfNCKHTe H XHApOreOJIOHCKHTe yCAOBHA B OCHOBaTa Ha cTeHaTa. OKOH9aTeJHHAT H360p
OT B13MONCHHTe THnOBe ce npaBH B 3asHCHMocT OT HaJIHgHeTO Ha.HaMHpaluHTe ce Haa?6AH3KO
KageCTBeHH MaTepNaAH.
6) Ho,u'OTOBKa 3a (PyHAHpaHe
I]paKTH9ecKH 3eM HoxaCHnnHTe CTeHH ce CTpOKT Bbpxy BCAKaK%B BHA OCHOBa. Te ce
tpyHAapaT ? 6e3 oco6eHH H3IICKBaHHA. IIo![roTOBKaTa 3a TAXHOTO CpyHAHpaHe ce H3pa3ABa
caMO B B33eMBaHe Ha no9BeHH51 CJIOII H H39HCTBaHe Ha BCH'IKH paCTHTeAHH OCTaTbuH.
B cay9aHTe, KoraTO cxaAHTe B ocHOBaTa ca BOAonponyCKAHsx H HMa H3raeaH 3a 31ta-
'CHTeAHa 3ary6a na BOAa, HacmnHHTe CTeHH ce Harpa%Aar CbC 3b6,' KoaTO Ce cnycKa Ao
Aeffi8IAHTe OTAOAy BOAOHenpOnyCKAHBH CKaax. B cay4afl ve TOBa He e NsroAHO KbM cTe'-
HaTa, ce ycTpo#Ba npOTHBOCpNATpauRoHeH, noHyp, c KOmTO ce yJrbmKasa IrbTAT Ha 4)HA-
TpauHATa.
B) H3HCKBaHH9 KbM HeCKaIIHHTe OCHOBH 3a 4 yHAHpaHe
B CAy'aHTe as CpyHAHpaHe Ha 930B}Ipxa cTeHa Bbpxy nonycKaJnn H HecKaJIHK BHAOBe
-re Tpa6Ba Aa oTroeapAT Ha caeAHHTe N3KCKBauHSi:
a) no Bb3MONCHOCT Aa ca eABOpoAHH H Aa HAMa AecHopa3TBopHMH naacTOBe;
6) Aa ca AocTaTb'mo BOAOycTOAeHBH, TpyAHopa3TBOpRMH H Hepa3MemMu.I ce. Has-
He6AaronpHATHo e npHCbcTBBHeTO Ha naflCTOBe maw enoAKa or rHnc, alxmzpHA Ham KaMesaa
COA, KONTO ca AeCHO nOAaTAHBH Ha pa3TBapsHe H H3HaCAHe or 061uaTa CKBJHla 3aApyra;
B) Aa He CbAbplCaT no-CAa6H npOCAOttKH, no KOHTO eBenTyasno ua cTaae nounsuYft
Ha 4aCT OT OCHOBaTa Ha CTeaaTa;
r) Aa ca AocTaTb9Ho ToBapocnoco6HH.
412
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/23: CIA-RDP80T00246AO45000620001-3
r) CTponreaw. MaTepHaJM 3a 3eMrnoucHmIH cretin
flpH upoexTapaaeTO Ha AaAeH BHA seanoaacam a crela as ITbpdo MRCTO CTOH B'bnpo-
cbT as Hangzelo'Ha noAxOAB[1l xa'ecr ea MaTepuan.'Kagl,C'TB07'o. a KoJIH4ecT8oTo Ha Ma-
TepHaaa H pascTQHHHeTO AO KapHepaTa ca"rxamRN?$a nape npa..onpeAeauae as THna Ha
3a Harpa)KAanero Ha 3eMHOHacHnHHTe CTeHH cc ynotpe6asaT ramm, neC'bq HBH 1*HH,
nac,buH, 6aaacrpa x Ap. -
raHaeCTo-nec'Idia1IBATC MaTepaa ni KOITO ce HgnOJIS T :aa
Y~ daoopoAda 3etrtaoaacriliaa .
Clem, Tpa* Aa OTroBapaT Ha BHCOKH HSACKBaHH$ no O'THOitleude aa' BOAOnponyCttal?OCTTa,
BOAOyCTOdgnBo{TTa, BlTpeunmTo Tpaese a cuenaenHeTO. to ipa6ea Cbi$o AR ce noii iaar
Ha A06po ynJb1Ea He. 3a eAaopoAai cTeHH OTinecvviada raa9H Had-nos.xo m a aBTe-
paaai t, a xoR'rb ciXbp)KaHHeTO Ha raaseci'fTe Sac ngxa x'0,005 Mw) ce ABHMCH B. rpa-
aauare oT 10 Ao 25%. Had-Ao6pe ce ;ynabmumaT necl rJIHHH, ' KOato MdT roe-
$HuHei r as easopoAHoct . Z 30 - 100 npa di ~ 0,0(5 MM: Te He 6HBa Aa c w 'apxaT
BOAaopasTBOpaMH npuuecn noBeze OT 2a/o H opraHH9ecxH BenxecTSa noae9e OT 10/9. MaTe-
paaax C Koe4WumeaT Ha eAHOpoaHOCT < 5 = 10 ne ce nolAaBaaT Ha Ao6po yndaTHasaae, xa-
paKTePHaapaT ce C roaAMa n0pbo3HOCT H ne ce npenopmmaT 38 aanpaea Ha eAaopOJIHa
cTeaa.
flpH onesaBaHeTO Ha?npxroaeHociia as CTpoHTenHHTe MaTepHBAH 3a paaa rnme BHJ(oae
3eMHOHaCann a CTeHH ce HSUOnsyBO npeA1io ceaaaT rpa4mic or y. An ($ur. 8-29) gpes.
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