SOVIET ARMY ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 54
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 1, 2013
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 17, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION
sEcRET/sEcuR L.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
INFORMATION REPORT
USSR/Germany (Soviet Zone)
Soviet Army- Antiaircraft Artillery
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.MIN!. h ?
ftsmit
COUNTRY
SUBJECT '
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED
AGENCY
REPORT
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/7 Dec 1952
at*
9 (4), (B),
(f), (0),
TO (1-1).(I)
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DATE DISTR.
NO OF PAGES
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
(C), (B), (E),
SUPPLEMENT
REPORT NO.
DATE OF
1.
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2, During World War II and at the present time, AAA has answered an extremely im-
portant role in combatting enemy air power. Technical progress in the field of
aviation and radio has posed a serious challenge to perfecting and developing AAA,
Soviet AAA always lagged behind the development of the air force. This lapse was
clearly demonstrated in World War II. AAA of medium caliber expenced up to 1200
rounds for each aircraft brought down and all caliber artillery up to 1.320. The
Air Warning system was badly organized. Such defense weapons as barrage ballons,
smoke screens and search lights did not prove effective. Taking this into consid-
eration, Soviet experts proceeded to perfect and rebuild the AAA during the post-
World War II years
3. The chief mission of AAA is to combat enemy airponer and destroy it. Ihe mission
is naturally not limited to the destruction of enimy aircraft but also to prevent-
ing the enemy from accomplishing his mission. AAA is also employed in eombatting
Airborne landings, including flares, tanks, armored vehicles and infantry, both
by direct and indirect fire.
4. In certain exceptional cases, AW is used against bunkers and blockhouses.
5. The AAA is divided into three categories:
(a) Small caliber AAA DEA)
(b) Medium caliber AAA (CZA)
(c) Large caliber AAA (KZA)
CLAS CATION SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
DISTRIBUTION
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ARCHIVAL RECORD
PLEASE RETURN TO
AGENCY ARCHIVES, BLDG, A-18
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SECRET/SECURITY IN1ORkATION
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Small caliber artillery consists of the ;ollowing: 25 mm AA gun M 1940, 37 mm
AA gun M 1939, 57 mm AA gun M 1950.
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Medium caliber artillery consists of: 76 mm AA gun M 1931, 76 mm AA gun M 1938,
85 mm AA gun M 1939.
Large caliber artillery consists of: 90 mm AA gun M (?), 100 mm AA gun M 1949.
6. Tactical doctrine divides AAA into two categories: Army AAA and Air Defense
Command AAA. Army AAA moves with the ground forces and fulfills the following
missions:
(a) Defense from air attack of ground unit formations.
(b) Defense of headquarters.
(c) Defense of areas of troop concentrations.
(d) Defense of tank and armored formations.
(e) Defense of positions of the GHQ artillery reserve.
(f) Defense of river crossings.
(g)
In self defense missions against tanks, air-borne landings and infantry
(direct fire). On orders from the senior artillery commander AAA can
be used in missions involving indirect fire.
Both small and medium caliber guns make up Army AAA. Small calfi-er AAA ,iue to its
mobility and rapid fire is used as cover for mobile troops, tank and armored for-
mations. Army columns are given cover both by small and medium AAA. The tactics
of the AAA depend on the circumstances at the given time and under given condi-
tions and are dictated by the senior artillery commander. Sub-unit commanders are
given freedom of action in order to permit maximum effectiveness under the cir-
cumstances and are dependent on tbe iniflative of the commanding officsrs.
7. The 4th AAA Division, presently stationed in Konigsbruch(?) (Moiselangar(?),
Germanycomes under the command of Artillery Headquarters 1st Mechenised Army
locrted in Dresden. Its table of organizetion is as illustrated, L5ee Enclosure
8. A regiment of army AAA medium caliber consists of 16 37 mm guns m 1939, 16 12.7 mm
machine guns, eight range finders type ZD, 12 radios type "RB" - 42 RB - 46, 30
telephones type UNA - F - 42, UNAI - 43 and 48 vehicles. All personnel are armed
with small arms, carbines and submachine guns PPSh and with gas masks. fersonnel
totals 430 men with the following TO/E:
(a) NCO School:
(0)
Commanding Officer - Major
Deputy Commanding Officer of NCO School, Political - MajorlDeputy Commands-
ing Officer of NCO School, Line - CaptaintFour platoon commanders, Lieu-
tenants or Senior LieutenantsiNCO's - nine sergeants.
Total personnel officers and NCO's included-- eighty-eight mer.
Officers - seven
Sergeants - nine
Enlisted men students-- seventy-two
Battery:
Commanding Officer of Battery - Captain
Deputy Commanding Officer. Political - Leior Lieutenant
Two platoon commanders - Lieutenants
Total personnel-- forty-eight
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SECRET/SECURITY IT4FORMATI3N
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Officers - four
Sergeants - fourteen
Enlisted men - thirty
Each platoon consists of two gun teams. Each of the teams consists of nine men.
Gun Team:
Gun team leader (37 mm gun)
No 1 Deputy leader - in charge of firing azimuth
No 2 Gunner in charge of angle of position
No 3 Gunner in charge of range an rate of fire
No 4 Gunner in charge of course of target and angle of trajectory
No 5 Gunner in charge qf loading
No 6 Ammunition loader
149 7 44111g#1391L 14iWer.
Driver
Each gun platoon has one range finder. Command squad of the battery 2onsists of
two liaison men, one radio operator and three scouts. One medic and one armorer
are also assigned.
(c) Machine gun company:
Total machine guns - 16
Dodge cars - 16
Officers - 7
Sergeants - 17
Total personnel - 72
(d) OVS (Supply Section)
Commander
One Clerk
? One Warehouse Keeper
(e) PFS (Food Supply Section)
One Clerk PFS
One Warehouse Keeper
(f) Motor Platoon
Commander of Motor Platoon
One Electrical Technician
One Clerk
One POL Attendant
Sixteen Drivers
(g) Armament:
Commander of Armament Section
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SICRETISERIV IA CAAIION
One Arm)rer ,ecnior)
Four Armorers
One Ammunition Dump Attendant
One Repair Shop Attendant
(h) Administrative Service Platoon:
Platoon Commander
Six Cooks
One Mess Hall Attendant
One PX Attendant
One Movie Operator
One Library and Radio Attendant
Drivers etc.
Total Personnel - (?)
Headquarters Platoon:
Platoon Coiaiitander
Radio Operators - 4
Liaison and Communications 5
Scouts - 4
(j) Staff:
Regimental Commanding Officer - Colonel
Deputy Commanding Officer, Political - Lt Colonel
Deputy Commanding Officer, Line - Lt Colonel
Medical Officer
Deputy Comnanding Officer, Supply - Lt Colonel
Chief of Staff - Lt Colonel
Assistant Chief of Staff - Captain
Section - Lieutenant
Secretary of Party Organization - Major
Chief of Communications Section - Major
Chief of Chemical Warfare Section - Major
Secretary of Komsomol (?) (Communist League) Senior Lieutenant
Clerks - 3
(1)
For work in the field two staff cars specially equipped. Regimental Commander
has a staff car for personal and official use.
9. An independent AAA Regiment Nedium Caliber (OZAP) has the following equipment:
The regiment aas:
32 - 85 mm guns M 1939
16 - 37 mm guns M 1939
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SECRET/SECURITY- NiKRMATAT
Coiputers type PUAZO-.J
16 Machine guns DShK
8 - 7.6 mm machine guns
34 - Radios
105 - Vehicles
1 Radar
16 - Range finders
12 - C TY)
abbreviations not known
14 - C ?
14 - Compasses
80 - Telephones
1500 - Personnel
(a)
Regimental Staff:
Regimental Commanding Officer
Deputy Commanding Officer, Political
Secretary of the Communist Party Organization
Secretary of the Communist Youth Organization
Deputy Commanding Officer Rear Services
Club Administrator
Propaganda agitator
Chief of Staff
Assistant to the Chief of Staff
Assistant to the Chief of Staff
Assistant to the Chief of Staff
Chief of Ammunition Supply
Chief of Motor Pool
Chief of Chemical Warfare
Chief of Special Section
Headquarters Platoon Commander
Chief of Supply Section
Chief of Food Section
Chief of Secret Section (Classified Documents)
Chief of Base Housing
Medical Officer
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
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SECRET/SECURII :INFCRMAII0a
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(b) Regimental Headquarters 1-.),?1.4?
Platoon Leader
1 - Master Sergeant
7 - Scouts
9 - Liaison Section
4 - Radio Operators
(c-) Medical Section:
Medical Officer
Medical Attendant
3 - Medical Instructors
(d) AAA Battalion - Medium Caliber:
Battalion Commander
Chief Adjutant
Deputy Commanding Officer, Political
Battalion Party Organizer
Armament Officer
Computor Equipment Technical Officer
Battalion Headquarters Platoon - 14 men
4 Battalions - 300 men
Service Section - 21 men
(e) AAA Battalion - Small Caliber:
Same number of officers as in medium caliber AAA Battalion
Smaller number of personnel - up to 250 men
(f) Fire Control Company:
Commanding Officer
Four Operators
Total personnel on receiver and transmitter unit and on
(g)
(h)
relocator - 41
(NOTE: This is the manning total for radar control (S0N-2))
NCO School:
Same number of officers as in NCO School of medium caliber
AAA Regiment
120 Students
Organization and personnel of machine gun company same as in medium
caliber AAA Regiment
(i) Battery of Medium Caliber AA Battalion:
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SECRET/SECURITY ISIORMATION
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Battery Commanding Officer
Deputy Commanding Officer, Political
Executive Officer of Battery
Gun Platoon Commander
Headquarters Platoon Commander
Fire Control Platoon Commander
20 Sergeants
28 Gunners
12 Computor Operators
3 Range Finders
3 Machine Gunners
9 Drivers
6 Liaison
3 Radio Operators
6 Scouts
1 Cook-
1 Medical Instructor
,1 Armorer
1 Electrician
1 Master Sergeant
Total personnel in battery - 75 men
In service units the organization is the same as in the small caliber AAA
regiment but personnel numbers twice as many.
Note: Independent artillery battalions have the same organization as the 4,ndepend-
ent regiment but would have three to four batteries of medium caliber guns and
one battery of small caliber guns. All other aspects of the organization would
be similar to the regiment of medium caliber guns. The organization of component
AAA regiments in the structure of brigades and divisions is the same as shown in
the chart for the 4th AAA Division nclosure A) (without the battalions). The
AAA brigade has a similar organization as the AAA divisions.
10. The chief mission of AAA is the defense from air attack of cities, important
strategic objects, railroad stations, war factories, port facilities, railroad
bridges, etc.
U. The Air Defense System (FVO) Artillery comprises not only heavy and medium caliber
artillery but also small caliber and machine guns. Small caliber artillery and
machine guns are often placed on rooftops of big buildings which increases the
effectiveness of their fire.
12. The Air Defense System comprises, besides fighters, VNOS posts (air raid warning
spotters), chemical companies, chethical warfare companies, smoke screens search-
lights, radar and barrage balloons.
13. The AAA of the Air Defense System is organized into separate regiments, regional
battalions, corps air defease units and army air defense units. In World:Wr II,
1941-1945, all air defense units were divided among four theaters: Northern,
Western, Southern and Far Eastern Air Defense Theaters.
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14. All the fileetcrl es 11:, sir Defense Syste e i tr the authofite cf the
Commander Ln-Ce el" see Iss,eenkeL Ait.se:ense, eoionee e-eneral Gramadin. At
present the USSR is subdivided into Air Dtfense Systems of the 1st, 2nd. and
3rd categories. The 1st category includes: Moscow, Leningrad, Baku, Sevastopol,
Khabarovsk. Two to three Air Defense Armies are stationed on the periphery of
these regions. The 2nd category includes. Gorky_ rtalingrad, Murmansk, Odessa,
Irkutsk, Riga, etc. Air Defense Units from Corp to Army are deployed to defend
those areas.
(Note: The Air Defense System areas are not confined by the boundaries of the
cities after which they are named but include in these areas other points of
major importance located within their boundaries.)
15. At the present time air defense areas come under the command of the Commanding
General of the OKRUG (Military District) in which they are located. However,
regions of 1st and 2nd category come directly under the command of the Headquarters
USSR Air Defense System.
16. The re-deployment of major and distant Air Defense Systems closer to the front
lines was not practised during World War II. After major cities were liberated,
independent AAA regiments and divisions were allocated to their defense from
units behind the front lines.
17. Three - four defense belts are organized around an objective of No 1 category
(Moscow) (Enclosure (E)). At a distance of 50 kms from the circumference of the
outer ring, radar installations operate. In these areas there are also fighter
squadrons operating against the enemy up to the outer limit of the medium and
heavy caliber AAA belts. Within the outer belt and up to the middle belt fighter
squadrons are active. Fire power is most concentrated within the center and inner
rings. Over the objective itself and along its approaches (three to five 'ems)
medium and small caliber AAA operate along with AA machine guns and fighters.
18. Joint action between fighters and AAA is worked by Headquarters AAA and Air Force
and all officer personnel is briefed along special lines in this type of operation.
lg. At present the following guns are allocated to AAA units of the Soviet Army.
(a) Heavy caliber AAA.
100 mm AA suns M 1949 with mechanical time fuze M.-48 with aut matic
. fuze setter.
Fire computor PUAZO-4 or radar unit "MAIAKHIT". Battery consists of
eight guns. Vertical range up to 14.5 kms - horizontal range up to
20 kms. Other ballistic data concerning this weapon are unknowr as
they have just recently been issued to AA units of Air Defense Areas
of Category No 1.
90 mm AA gun type ? has not received wide distribution and
has almost been withdrawn from use. It vas serviced by a SON-3 set.
(b) Medium caliber AAA.
These caliber weapons reneived the widest use during World War II and.
were evaluated as one of the best weapons to combat enemy aircraft at
high altitudes.
85 mm AA gun M 1939.
Weight - 4300 kgs
Vertical flight range 10.5 kms
Total range 15.5 kms.
3600 horizontal traverse
Vertical traverse +82? - 30
Explosive pressure 2400
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SECRET/SECURITY INITCMATION
-9-.
Initial projec cue ve1oci'4 600 meters per second
Velocity of fragments after burst 420 m/sec. Sliding-wedge-type
breh mechanism semi-automatic, with semi-automatic mechanism of
inertia type.
Rate of fire, 20 rounds per minute
24 riflings to the barrel.; uniform twist 2.6 turns; 30 24' 36" from
axis of bore.
Volume of fluid in counter-recoil mechanism 10.8 liters (glycerine
liquid).
Volume of liquid in recoil brake 7.1 liters
Initial pressure (nitrogen) 48 - 50 atmospheres
Distance of recoil 600 - 1150 mm
Installation on mount-type ZU-38
Solid tire
Ground clearance 400 mm
Time to change from march order to combat readiness, 1.5 - 2 minutes
Weight of fixed round 9.2 kgs
Fuze T-5 (165 calibrations). Each calibration corresponds to approxi-
mately 50 meters of flight.
Speed on paved surface road, 50 kms
Speed on dirt road, 25 - 30 kms
Speed cross-country, 10 - 15 kms
Towing truck Studebaker or GAS-63 (in wartime tractors 01% were also
used)
7 man crew services the gun
76 mm AA gun M 1931
Weight 5200
Projectile velocity, 850 meters per second
Ceiling of fire, 9 kms
Range, 14 kms
Fixed round with fuze T-ZUG
Time to change gun from march order to combat, five minutes
Speed on good road, up to 4o kms
Cross-country speed, 7 - 10 kms
Gun served by team of seven men and fire computor PUPW-2
This system was not successful in wartime and is at present almost
obsolete.
76 mm AA gun M 1938
Ballistic and construction characteristics were generally similiar
to AA gun type 1931 with the following exceptions:
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?S :RET/SECURITY flL;?A' TIOV
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Installea on typ ZU-38 mount
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Weight of gun decreased can be used in conjunction with computer PUAZO-3
Speed increased to 50 kms
(c) Small caliber AAA
57 mm AAA gun M 1950 with special installation designed for fire against
enemy fast-flying jet aircraft. The unit automatically computes firing
data regardless of plane or flight of target. This unit may be utilized
for firing on aircraft at medium altitude. Construction and ballistic
data of this gun are unknown to me.
37 mm AA gun M 1939 with automatic sight M 1939 and 1943. Was widely
used to cover movement to combat formations, tanks
Weight of unit, 2300 kgs
Number of riflings 16
Rate of fire, up to 140 rounds (theoretically)
Initial speed, 840 meters per second
Vertical range of projectile, up to six kms
Total range of projectile up to nine kms
Time to change from route to combat order, 40 - 50 seconds
Weight of shell with fuze type MG-8, 500 grams
Weight of liquid in recoil brake, 0.9 kgs
Counter-recoil mechanism spring type
Towed by any truck, mostly Studebaker and GAZ-63
Gun team eight men
Gun Commander
No 1 deputy commander and pointer of firing azimuth
No 2 angle-of-position pointer
No 3 gunner in charge of sighting
No 4 assistant gunner in charge of sighting
No 5 loader
No 6 and 7 ammunition bearers.
Driver
25 mm AA gun M 1940. Usually installed on vehicles.
Construction data similar to 37 mm AA with the exception of overall
dimensions. Velocity of projectile has been stepped up to 900 meters
per second.
12.7 mm AA machine guns type DSAKere used riinly against divine air-
craft and aircraft flying at low altitudes up to 2000 meters.
Rate of fire, up to 400 rounds per minute
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SECRET/SECURITY WORMATIOA
Carried on Dodge trucks anl monted on tripods. Are placed in firing
positions in trucks
7.6 mm AA 4 band machine guns type "MAXIM". In general is used to cover
. formations and dispositidn of medium caliber AAA batteries; fire only
on diving and strafing ground attack aircraft. Installed on GAZ-AA
vehicles. Three man crew. Presently almost obsolete in AA armament.
(Note: For World War II, 1941-1945, 76 mm AA guns M 1914 were also used on station-
ary mounts and on special moving platforms. Today they are completely obsolete.
AAA Fire Computer PUAZO-2.
Computes firing data for anticipated azimuth angle of elevation and fuze
setting.
Consists of firing chart, ballistic computer and central regulating
(distributing) box (TZRIA).
11 Man crew.
Carried in special boxes on trucks.
Eight minutes to prepare for combat readiness.
Placed at distance of no more than 30 meters in center of battery.
PUAZO-2 was designed for slaw flying aircraft hence is also obsolete.
Firing was synchronized with computer data or, as auxiliary means,
was transmitted by voice telephone.
Similar to PUAZO-2, PUAZO-1 of still older design was used.
AAA Fire Computer PUAZO-3.
PUAZO-3 has the widest use in AAA.
The 1940 unit is installed on one vehicle with the batteries
(accumulators).
Weight up to 1400 kgs
Serviced by 11 men (with electrician).
Suitable for transport and rapid operation.
Computation of firing data is performed by a conical system of coordinates
(H Dg B) H - altitude
DG- horizontal distance
B - azimuth
Computed anticipated position data are fed into the guns by a synchronized
system. The guns are situated 300 meters from the computer.
The basic computation is made by No 9 and reintroduced into the final
computer data.
PUAZO-3 is built of the following components:
Base and computer.
Differential mechanism.
Mechanism of set forward point.
Mechanism for computing altitude, diving and climb (zoom).
Mechanism of spot (fractional) corrections.
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Mechaaism of colored discs. Tbia prepares data for time cyf rlight,
future azimuth and future elevation.
Parallax and wind computer.
Motor of constant rate.
Vehicle and electrical equipment.
PUAZO-3 is currently still used in the Soviet Forces.
AAA Fire Computer PDAZO4.
This device is similar to PUAZO-3, but is improved and somewhat changed
structurally; however, it has not proved itself and consequently only
few AAA units are equipped with it.
20. The following observer equipment of AAA of the Soviet Army is in operational use.
Binoculars: B-6, B-8 used by all the scouts, officers and gun commanders.
For use in target selection, approximate determination of distances to target
and location of bursts.
Battery Commander Scope: TM type 1944 used on command post and designed as one
one of the main means of judging burst deflection and obtaining correcting
data. It is manned by two scouts, has 12 power and is very handy and of
simple construction.
Binocular Spotter: Serves both for spotting the target and for determining
necessary data for correction.
Power: 6x, 8x, 12X.
Is operated by two men.
Is not convenient to use against fast-flying aircraft and therefore
gtadually becoming obsolete.
Compass, Aiming Circle type MIKHAILOVSKY - TOUROV. Serves in the disposition
of the battery to point the gun, place the computer etc. in position Used
with medium caliber AAA guns to lay the guns in indirect fire against ground
targets.
Operated by one man.
Transit (Theodolite): Serves for topographic orientation of battery and
aiming points, and orientation of certain optical instruments.
Is not always in current use in medium caliber AAA but is available in units
of instrument reconnaissance.
Range Finder "ZD": Is used by small caliber AAA and serves to determine range
to aircraft.
Is operated by No 3 man in crew.
Base one meter; determines range up to five kms.
Manned by one man (stereoscopic observer).
Range Finder DYA-11 DYA-2: Is in use by medium caliber artillery to determine
aircraft altitude as basic data for the PUAZO-3 computer to determine necessary
firing data. Consists of a complicated optical system and necessitates
thorough maintenance. DYA comes in two and four meter base dimensions. Radius
of action, vertical 20 kms, range 50 anis, maimed by crew cat -Jaree.
The determination of altitude for the PUAZO-3 is the basic factor in computing
firing data, hence the thereoscopic operators are particularly carefully
trained.
Radar: Heavy and medium caliber AAA as well as observation and warning
posts are equipped with the following radar:
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SECRET/SECURITY INFCR1A,2ION
_ )3
SON-2, SON-3, "PEGMAT1T", "MIS ' ' and also German radar of the WURZBURG"
type.
Some radar are located close to the batteries and are synchronized with
them, others give data through a relocation eerter to several batteries
simultaneously. AAA can fire at unseen targets at night and during the day
(in bad weather). Positive results have been obtained by their use.
The new regulations of medium caliber AAA include present instructions
on firing with "SON". It seems probable that with time thu "MALAKRIT" radar
will entirely replace the obsolescent PUAZO-3.
Instruments used in map work of the AAA include calaUloid protractor M 1939
or M 1942, coordinate measure, CURVIMETER, weems plotter, compass.
Maps were available to all officers during World War II; at present, however,
a map can be obtained only from a headquarters and has to be signed out for
a definite length of time (up to eight hours).
21. Basic data and resolutions covering AAA tactics are taken from project for training
manual of AAA 1950. An AAA formation is a disposition of vehicles, guns, computers
and personnel as detailed in the regulations.
They include: Extended formation, echelonned formations and route column
formations.
Extended formation: Units of a regiment or a battalion draw up in one line
in numerical order. On the right flank is the regimental (or battalion hq)
command platoon, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batteries, machine gun company, service
unit and communications unit.
Interval between vehicles, five meters.
Interval between sub-units, 15 meters.
Company (battery) commander stands on the right flank of his unit, platoon
commanders at the head of their platoons, vehicle commanders on tne right
side of the radiator of their vehicle)having behind them all even number
gunners (2, 4, 6, 8), the driver stands on the left of the vehicle vith the
range finder operator behind him and all odd number gunners following.
The battery is drawn up as follows:
On the right flank, the command platoon then the-battery computer platoon,
firing platoon in numerical order of guns and the master sergeant oi the
battery.
-pRIAR 0
RANGr riN1icr0
ODD
NOt
G rifIER
/GUN CON piANDER
0gGuriNER
?4c UNIER
06GUNNER.
08GLINVER
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DUAI
SON-2
type.
SECRET/SECURITY INFCdAAION
- 13 -
3ON-3, 'PEGMATII", "NAIAKEZ and also German radar of the kflURZBURG"
Some radar are located close to the batteries and are synchronized with
them, others give data through a relocation center to several batteries
simultaneously. AAA can fire at unseen targets at night and during the day
(in bad weather). Positive results have been obtained by their use.
The new regulations of medium caliber AAA include present instructions
on firing with "SON". It seems probable that with time thc "MAIAMIT" radar
will entirely replace the obsolescent PUAZO-3.
Instruments used in map work of the AAA include cdoffuloid protractor M 1939
or M 1942, coordinate measure, CURVIMETER, weems plotter, compass.
Maps were available to all officers during World War II; at present, however,
a map can be obtained only from a headquarters and has to be signed out for
a definite length of time (up to eight hours).
21. Basic data and resolutions covering AAA tactics are taken from project for training
manual of AAA 1950. An AAA formation is a disposition of vehicles, guns, computers
and personnel as detailed in the regulations.
They include: Extended formation, echelonned. formations and route column
formations.
Extended formation: Units of a regiment or a battalion draw up in one line
in numerical order. On the right flank is the regimental (or battalion hq)
command platoon, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batteries, machine gun company, service
unit and communications unit.
Interval between vehicles, five meters.
Interval between sub-units, 15 meters.
Company (battery) commander stands on the right flank of his unit, platoon
commanders at the head of their platoons, vehicle commanders on the right
side of the radiator of their vehicle having behind them ala even number
gunners (2, 4, 6, 8), the driver stands on the left of the vehicle with the
range finder operator behind him and all odd number gunners following.
The battery is drawn up as follows:
On the right flank, the command platoon then the battery computer pletoor.
firing platoon in numerical order of guns and the master sergeant of the
battery.
-op 0
RANGE FINPO
DD JG
NO'?
G UrsinERS
tGuri COHoANDER
RGUrINER
04GtUNNER
66UNNFR
o 8GliitiER
SECRET/SECURITY INFORIIATION
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SECRET/SECURITY FOM ION
Echelonned formation: This formation is employed when crossfng water
barriers, narrow defiles, sectors under fire, under air attack or when
occupying firing positions.
In those circumstances each battery commander Oirects his unit on his own
initiative and according to the situation.
Column route order: Employed in AAA when the situation necessitates change
of firing positions by all the regiment, relocation of the regiment to a new
sector of the front etc. The regiment can move in a column of mixed forma-
tions or independently, in both cases the regimental commander is responsible
for the preparation and execution of the march.
The control of units on the march is carried out by signals common to ground
units when in mixed formation but when marching independently particular to
AAA regiments and battalions. The signals used in AAA formations are:
ATTENTION:
VEHICLES TO BAT1BEY:
STAND BY VEHICLES:
White flag raised vertically.
07
Flags extended horizontally and
waved downward (for medium caliber
AAA this means board vehicles).
Flags extended horizontally
and stationary.
On this command personnel take their places by the vehicles and await the next
command. The gun commander supervises the position of the gunners.
MOUNT UP:
Flags waved overhead.
On this command all turn around and climb into the vehicles each man on board
takes the next man's rifle to.facilitate his loading.
READY:
START ENGINES:
White flag held obliquely.
Red flag revolved, signaler
extellAing hi o forward.
On this command all drivers start up their engines and await the next command.
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FORWARD, RIGHT
LEFT (MARCH):
HALT:
CUT ENGINES:
TANKS:
SECRET/SEM-MIT! ISFURMATION
-15-
Red flag stretched overhead
and waved in direction of
movement.
Red flag raised stationary
overhead.
Waved red flag in front of
signaler
Both flags held obliquely -
stationary.
On this command battery commanders take batteries off the road, prepare for
action and open fire on targets offering the greatest threat to the battery.
After repulse of tank attack, coluon resumes movement.
AIR RAID:
Red flag raised obliouely
from signaler.
Depending on the type of enemy aircraft and on their tactics; the colutart may be
echelonned out and may continue its march, but on being attacked will open fire
on the most suitable target.
GAS ATTACK:
Personnel int on gas masks and resume movement.
RIGHT:
1?1?111101e+mm.
Both flags raised stationary
overhead.
White flag raised vertically,
red lowered in direction of
movement.
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ETCRET/SECuRT(2y
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LEFM
OBSTACLE:
1pposite of above.
Flags crosse4 overhead.
(Note: Each signal is preceeded by the command "attention". The signal is
repeated until the signaler is convinced of its reception and transmittal by the
next signaler.)
22. During the preparation for'tht itirol) the regimentalAor battalion) commander re-
ceives briefing on the tactical(situatiel an&miiiion foruthe regiment tram the sen-
ior artillery commander. I4117M examining the situation ,and the given mLssion, the
regivental.headquarter4 PrOgeedig, to 1,04t 04t"the operation for each of the sub-units
or tile regiment. '
The briefing includes:
General data on the enemy.
Position of friendly and enemy forces.
Mission of regiment and its sub-units.
Route and order of march.
Location of last halt.
Chemical warfare defense enroute.
Signals.
Preparation of sub-units to open fire.
Each battery commander upon being briefed on the situation and LT= recf.. ring the
mission notes it on the map and advises all his command.
ORDER: (SAMPLE)
Elevation 204.3 12.1! 1952
Village Milchailovka 19.20
Enemy in strength of two tanks, one mechanized and two infantry divisions with
air support, intends to take Dresden and surround our units in the Leipzig -
Chemnitz - Meissen sector. Our forces are heavily engaged in defensive action
in the zone Niederlatz, Mentzhorri and 120-135 kms further north. Enemy air-
craft type Boston, Manchester, B-26, etc) are carrying out heavy bombing of our
troop dispositions and artillery positions. Our troops detrained tonight at
railroad station in Dresden. Their mission is to stop the enemy and counter-
attack. Mission of our regiment, to cover the 11th Tank Division enroute and
in the assembly area.
Order of March: Advance party: 1st Battery, advance guard 2, 3 batteries, main
body 4, 5, 6 batteries and machine gun company. Battery commander will open fire
independently if attacked, guns to be readied for firing on the move. If attacked
by tanks, open fire and act according to the sittation. If subjected to chemical
attack take countermeasures and proceed with march.
Signals: According to regulation, battery commanders to detail observemon each
vehicle to scan the sky and land and to observe the signals along the cniumn5oxi
Synchronize watches, it is now exactly 19:30.
rief our ?ersonnel on situation and mission.
of regimen nl units
SECRET/31CURITY INFORMATION
cation of last halt,
to be reached at 21:45.
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I
SECRET/SECURITY INMAATIO);
- 17
Readiness of units to open fire, 30 men .s
Units to be completely serviced and ready by daybreak, carry on!
50X1
24. When a regiment of medium caliber AAA is on the move whether in a combined arms
formation er independently, in both cases battery commander's parties and patrols
are sent out. Close reconnaissance patrols are detailed by battalion (or battery)
commanders when sub-units are involved in a march of no more than 24 hours. The
patrol consists of three to four scouts, with entrenching tools. They also function
as guides.
25. Long distance reconnaissance patrols are detailed by the senior artillery commander
when the movement involves no less than two or three 24-hour marches. The long
distance reconnaissance patrol also performs, as a rule, the function of the
battery commander's party. Its mission consists of selection of the bese routes
(determining the condition of the roads and waterway crossings for the artillery).
It must also select the firing positions of the batteries and the command post of
the regiment(hattalio). The long distance reconnaissance patrol consiste of:
Patrol Commander, Deputy Chief of Staff, all the headquarters platoon of regiment
(battalion)) one scout from each battery, one medic, one chemical warfare specialist
and the Deputy for political control from one of the batteries.
26. When selecting a firing position, the location must be satisfactory for occupation
and defense. The ground must not be stony and suitable for entrenching. Revealing
signs or features must not be in the vicinity. Site of mask must not be above
0-50- to permit good field of observation. Depth of site must be 25 meters (for
medium caliber AAA) to provide concealment of the equipment and of dust anti flashes
from the guns. The firing position must be satisfactory for antitank combet. All
natural obstacles must be utilized. It must provide for easy dissipation of gases of
a chemical attack. It must have easy access and natural camouflage (if euch is
available).
27. Following the examination of the area, and in conjunction with the given mission,
the commander of the patrol selects the firing positions of the batteries and the
regimental (or battalion) command post. The scouts from each battery arrange the
battery fronts, taking into consideration the fields of fire alloted to each battery.
The battery front is deployed with the aid of compass in accordance with the trape-
zoid or rectangle pattern and the guns numbered from right to left.
45-- so m ?431 0
z R ae.) t?i? /NI
11)
TO Pik 147('
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SECRET/SECURTT1 itilohmATIoN
Rectangle System
- 18
The scouts select an area for parking the towing vehicles which should he no
closer than 800 meters and would afford cover to the vehicles and be accessible
to the position of the batteries. For orientation of batteries and adjustment
of range finders, each battery selects two to three check points, which should be
closer that 10-15 kms. The command post of medium caliber AAA is at a distance
of 300 meters from the firing platoon. In small caliber AAA the battery command
post is in the immediate vicinity of the fire platoons. Each battery selects one
or two auxiliary firing positions.
Machine gun company
(14 medi,Im caliber AAA regiment)
Command Post
Signal
Center
6;1
Medium caliber AAA batteries are located arun,71 the ot,jective deperling )Apon
its importance. To achieve a zone of fire with range spread between three
batteries, the latter are located at distances not greater than six kms. Small
caliber AAA batteries are placed three kms from one another.
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SECRET/SECURITY INFOIMATiON
- 19 -
TACTICAL SYMBOLS USED IN AAA
Medium caliber AAA battery
Small caliber AAA battery
Machine gun company
Radar
Observation post of battery
Battery Command Post
Alternate battery position
Towing platoon
Ammunition service platoon
Individual gun medium caliber AAA
Individual gun small caliber AAA
Individual machine gun
Radio station
Radio center
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
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SECRET/SECURITY INF .)RICATION
TH
mc?
PKr1
On
- 20 -
Aiming point
Principal direction of fire
Battery command post
Battalion command post
Fire position
Note: All tactical symbols are drawn With plain black pencil; command posts of
regiment (battalion) and battery are drawn in red. All inscriptions are in black.
The majority of maps used in AAA are scale 25 - 50,000. Accentuation of lines of
communication is done with a brown pencil on the right side. Friendly units are
drawn in red, enemy in blue.
After selection of fire positions and command posts, each of the battery scouts
stakes out positions of guns and command posts, tow vehicle parking area, one or
two alternate firing positions and dummy position. After deployment of the battery
front, trenches are marked out if time permits.
Dimensions of Trench Medium Caliber AAA
L5/1
t`j 1- tit
4"
M
DEPT ii
69 ri
Z.671
36t4
1Slust
Otprx,
NZAI
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, SECRET/SECURITY IYFORMATION
- 21 -
Time to dig the emplacement with concealment for gun crew, in hard ground up to
10 hours, medium hard ground 8 hours, soft ground up-to 6 hours. Generally the
battery completes all work for preparation of firing positions in 8 - 10 hours:
Small Caliber AAA Trench
TOTAL LENGTH
UP -r0 511
28. The order of occupying a firing position is as follows: sub-units of a regiment,
or battalion, upon reaching the last halt position on the march, are met by
scouts from each battery and these lead their respective units to the previously
selected firing positions. Guns and instruments are taken to the firing position
at speed and in echelonned order. The gun commanders personally Lead their details.
On reaching the gun position and at a distance of four to five meters from it, the
gun commander commands, "Halt!' and the vehicle comes to a standstill. Or the
command "Dismount" the crew quickly climbs ont and unloads the necessary gun
equipment and ammunition. On the command "Uncouple" No 1 and 2 gunners take the
drawbar and uncouple the gun from the vehicle (towing). On execution, No 1 gunner
reports "Ready" and raises his arm. On this command the vehicle moves forward 0.5
meters to one meter and waits until unloading is completed, whereupon the gun
commander commands "Right," "Forward" etc,, towards cover and the driver then
drives off in indicated direction. After unloading the vehicle, the command "Ready
for Action" is given by the fire platoon or battery commander. At this command
all gunners ready the guns for firing. Gun commanders are responsible for getting
the individual guns ready. Each gunner knows his duties thoroughly by learning
them in daily training. An 85 mm AAA regiment with well-trained personnel is made
combat ready in 50 secs. A small caliber AAA regiment with type 1939 gun in 30 to
40 secs.
29. The order of getting guns into combat ready position is as follows: At the command
"Back of the gun" all gun personnel form one to two paces behind the gun facing
the direction of fire in the following order:
At the command:
"Back of the gun"
O
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At the command:
"Ready for action"
3ECRET/3ECURITi Lt
In guns of medium caliber the gun crew forms by the number upon the command,
"Back of the gun". On the command "Ready for Action", even numbers to the left
and odd numbers to the right of the gun facing in the direction of fire. Gun
cover is removed. On the command, "Lower", the gun carriage is lowered to the
ground. The system is unlocked according to march order [sic). Covers are
removed from the sights on the breech and the muzzle brakes (or the flash hider
in small caliber AAA). Elevation is set at 30 degrees. Platform is suspended
according to level of platform ic). All instruments and sights are set at
zero. Safety lock is changed from "march" to "combat" position, also the stop-pawl
of the semi-automatic breech. In small caliber AAA, "Combat ready" position is
assumed only on opening fire.
As soon as the guns and instruments are placed in combat position, the thorough
process of horizontal leveling with the aid of quadrRnt or with clinometer takes
place. The gun muzzle is placed in a horizontal position in the direction of the
main guides. All instruments and sight readings are set at zero. The -plane
[literal - platform) on the breech (and in small caliber AAA on the gun muzzle)
is carefully wiped off. The quadrant is set and the bubble set at mid-puint by
means of the elevating mechanism. The entire system is traversed 180 degrees and if
the bubble is off center it is returned to center partly by means of the elevating
mechanism and partly by propping up the girders. The traversing and the procedure
that follows is done until the bubble remains stationary. After this system is
turned 90 degrees, the bubble is returned to center Entirely by means of propping ?
up the girders. The system is then considered as Level horizontally. If the
level bubbles on the platform are off center, then they are moved to center by
the rotation of the hubs. If the indices on the instruments and sn the sight do
not correspond, they are brought to zero reading (i e index has to stand at zero).
30. After the horizontal setting, the line of eight setting at zero is chec1-Ed. The
commander of the fire platoon commands: "(heck the line of sighting at kero setting".
Gun commanders command: "Lateral lead zero - aiming point check.' No 3 gunner sets
lateral lead at zero and reports "0-00." Sticks cross hairs on muzzle face aiteral
translation. No 2 gunner takes out the firing meehanism. No 1 gunner aims the
gun at aiming point. No 2 gunner directs No 1 and 4 "up, down, right, left'',
until the cross-hairs correspond with the aiming point. In cases when the gun
telescope does not point at the aiming point, it is adjusted by regulating serews
and by the objective nut; first adjusting the nut in the vertical place then
setting the screws in the horizontal plane. All procedures are checked personally
by the gun commander.
For the normal operation of a gun the pressure in the counter-recoil mechanism
should be 48-50 atmospheres.
The gun is given three to five degrees elevation. The plug from the air valve is
removed and a pressure gauge is screwed in. Pressure on a released knob makes
the gauge register. In case of weak pressure, more n trogen is added from a
special bottle. Weak pressure accounts for t1 lor-z -eco41 if the barrel, At this
angle of elevation the volume of reccil. brake is al:;(, checked. The
cap is unscrewed and the eontrol rod taken rnt, if lisuid is seen at that angle it is
sufficient, if not, liquin is added through the sere opening by means of a special
can. The normal roluttie of liquid is 7-3 2.1.er. c;3J.-: -rine liquid), Volume of
liquid in ,he coentee-iee,s naLisI. eA3c,ea 6,; levatIon angle of zero. The
gauge without a dial is screwed in. On relsase of a knob, nitrogen and a spray
should come out. The normal volume of liquid is 10.8 liters. If the volume of
liquid Is insufficient, -rfre iechanism s taken out and liquid Irqerted
sEcitbet*rcoVrrt IIMFMATION
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213
through an opex in the gasket of the Til :o in -the gun recoil meeharism.
Insufficient amount of liquid produces noisy irregular recoile and eounter-recoils.
If the amount of liquid in the recoil buffer is insufficient, the recoils will be
long. Time and condition permitting, the following checks are also made:
Backlash of traversing mechanism (1/8 turn of fly wneel)
Backlash of elevating mechanism (1 turn of fly wheel)
Synchronization of azimuth made and receiving (,SIA azimuth plus -0-02.
Synchronization of elevation angle quadrant and receiving LDiej of elevation angles
(up to 45 degrees 0-02 from 45 degrees to 82 degrees plus. -0-04)
Synchronization of angle of position tape with sighting arrow Bic).
Synchronization of adjuster and sighting arrow [Sia.
Synchronization of angle of sight micrometer and sighting arrow
Synchronization (parallel) of line of sighting at zero setting and reading on
arc of gunners' quadrant. The check is done at different angle settings (O. 15.
35, 45, 50, 75, 82 degrees).
Parallel of zero line of barrel and the control platform Oidof the gun scope.
Check is done at the same angles as when using the quadrant.
Backlash of drum for lateral lead.
31. By orientation of batteries is meant the adjustment of all guns and instruments
to parallel line of sightings at zero setting. Orientation can be by reciprocal
sighting or by sighting at a distant point. The most common means in medium
caliber AAA is by reciprocal sighting. After checking the line of sighting at
zero setting, the fire platoon or battery commander commands "Sheaf as per instru-
ments" in3. Commander of No 1 gun commands "lateral lead zero train on azimuth
sight". No 1 gunner turns the flywheel of the traverse mechanism, trains the
scope into the azimuth sight and reports) "Ready". The azimuth reading is then
given for the gun; it is corrected by 30-00 and is set in the gun. After the
setting, the gun commander commands, "Ready". Each gun is trained in a similar
way and on execution the platoon commander reports, "Ready".
32. There is a similar laying for binocular spotter, range finder and for gun comman-
der's scope. After the notation of all guns and instruments, the command to
"coordinate transmission" is given. On this command, mechanical and electrical
indicators on receiver aid of the guns are set at zero. When eaeh gun is ready,
the gun commander reports "1st, sne Dig] Ready." When all guns are ready, the
command "Check transmission" follows. Each gun in turn reports its settings:
"Fuze setting 0-00","Azimuth 0-00","Elevation angle 0-00.2t After each setting
the instrument reports correct or not correct. Check of transmission follows until
gun setting and instrument setting correspond. After transmission check, zero
setting is determined (basic line). Guns are set at zero (direction south) as AA
azimuth reads from South counter-clockwise, at a 45-00 angle of elevation. When
training batteries on a distant point, the instrument is trained on the indicated
point, azimuth is read off and is set without changes on each of the guns. This
is rarely used due to the absence of aiming or the inability to see them.
33. After orienting the battery, it is ready to fire. For spotting the target, spotters
are placed at the guns and at the command posts in the following order:
North No 1 NorthWest No 12
West No 2 Southweet No 32
tr.. SoutheaTA t
East No 4 Northeast TIG 14
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?
AECREIVSEC:URiTt LIA)EY,A.TA-5
34. The order of field work on firing positions is as follows:
(a) Digging of slit trenches for gun crews.
(0) Digging of trenches for ammunition
(c) Digging of gun pits.
(d) Digging of trenches for the instruments, range finder, communications
set etc.
Preparation of fox holes for infantry defense of battery.
Camouflage of fire position.
Digging and camouflage of alternate fire position.
Preparation of side tracks.
Preparation of antitank obstacles.
Preparation of dummy fire positions.
All of the above enumerated work is carried out completely when time and
conditions permit. The first five points are carried out in all eases of combat.
35. In order to provide ground defense for the firing positions, foxholes
are dug for riflemen (instrument operators, scouts, liaison and communications
personnel etc), and a scheme of ground defense is prepared. Sketch of ground
defense of battery:
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1.0("1
SECRETtECUBLg kiNA" f-OL
For firing against ground-attack aircraft, tanks, and ground targets, each gun
is assigned a primary and a secondary fire sector and a range card is made out
for ground defense of firing position.
Range Card for Defense of Fire Position (Sampls1
Check point No 1 - factory chimney stack,2500 meters.
Check point No 2 - separate tree71800 meters
Check point No 3 - cross roads,,2000 meters
Check point No 4 - church 280 meters
Check point No 5 - Windmill)1000 meters.
Additional sector ftelel:E11:111.
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
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SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
- 26 -
The range card for the ground defense of the gun is made up by the gun commanders
and approved by the fire platoon commander. If no visible check points are avail-
able within the sector, artificial ones are erected. For firing against attack
aircraft, the gun commander makes out a fire plan according to firing regulations
which are always carried with the gun.Nos 3 and 4 are expected to learn these by
heart.
36. Before firing, the gun is thoroughly cleaned and checked by the platoon commander
and gun commander for functioning of the breech and of the semiautomatic breech
mechanism; normal emergence of the firing pin 1.72 - 2,25 mm; depth of wedge slid-
ing in wedge type mechanism - 0,5 mm tolerance; connection of counter-recoil buffer
rod with lug in breech ring; connection of recoil brake buffer rod with nut of
lower lug on breech ring; fastening of muzzle brake and its condition (absence of
cracks); cleanliness and condition of gun barrel; check for presence of cracks,
pits, fouling or burn of powder chamber, dilated barrel; wear in the firing chamber
is checked by a special mechanism (tolerance to 1/3 caliber); functioning and
condition of traverse and elevation mechanism; condition of trim mechanism; presence
of all screws, nuts, pins, and sufficient oil in grease cups; functioning of buffer
action in breech lock; fastening of platform to the mount; function of revolution
counter of cradle; condition of linear recoil guide; check of lighting and communi-
cations; check of traction gear.
37. Results of firing depend much on the quality of selection and preparation of
ammunition. Ammunition (fixed rounds) AA carefully wiped free of grease and
dirt. Markings on each shell are checked; in their absence the round is not
used. Check that the fuze is fully screwed in. Check for damage to and scratches
on the casing, particularly on the bourelets (in case of major scratches the
round is not used). Correct fit of shell and casing (absence of play and deforma-
tion). Checks are made for scratches and dents in the shell casing and flanges
and to assure that the primer cup is screwed in. Ammunition is selected in cate-
gories and weight markings which are found on each round and on ammunition boxes.
Markings on shell casing
130 - 365
SV - 14/7 KN
0745
OS Ul 52
130 fixed round - antation
fixed round - fragmentation
365 - nomenclature number of round
SV - Fresh - perexiline powder BIZ.
l4 - length of charge in mms.
7 - number of orifices in powder fig.
KN - Name of manufacturing factory.
0745 - Series of charge with which shell loaded
OS - final charge
Ul - Sixth month.
52 - year of charge
- Number of depot at which shell is finally assembled.
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50X1
38.
SECRET/SECURrTY INFORMATION
- 27 -
Markings on shell
0-365
Either / or -- or N
- - 11
5/
0 - fragmentation
365 - Nomenclature number of shell
4-7 Weight index - showing heavier than normal weight of shell within 1/10%
7 Shell lighter than normal,
N - Normal weight of round
57 - Number of factory manufacturing shell core.
T - Trotyl, name of explosive charge
The round may further have the following markings on the metal (particularly on
its base)
00354413 - Number of steel melt
1- Inspector
da!kr Dept of technical control
141.- War Department
Such signs can be found on the flange of the casing; furthermore a mark is put
on the flange denoting the number of times the casing has been used. A casing
is not used more than two or three times after which it is sent to be recast.
Preparing the IT= - computor for firing is as follows: After all:the field
work hal been completed and the battery oriented, the PUAZO is inspected, and
if time and circumstances permit, the following checks are made:
Check of parallax and wind
Check of function of colored discs (made up according to distance).
Check of functions of ballistic drums.
Check of No 3 mechanism (Mechanism of set forward point)
Check of mechanism of spot corrections 1, 5, 7.
Check of keys computing time of flight, future azimuth and future elevation
data.
Check of sights.
Check of constant speed motor etc.
Installation of base and azimuth reader and parallax.
Speed and azimuth of wind.
Angle neadUrement, final 0 connection and variation of time against actual
time.
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JbCRT/ULLi
50X1
39. After chea-m he norizentai setting of tile range iti.nder and of the check
ruler 15iqj which is placed at .a distance 4)11 50 m from it, the range is checked
for altitude and range. The best means of checking the range finder is on points
of infinite distance, the moon, the stars. Check is performed every two hours
in view of the constant changes in the currents of atr and atmosphere. The check
is done by taking 10 graduations towards oneself and 10 away. An average figure
is worked out which serves as a cheek number. In case of bad weather and non-
visibility of a distant object, the range finder is checked against the check
ruler in a similar fashion. The difference tn check of range finder against a
distant object and the check ruler is indicated by.4.-- in further work with the
range finder. Time permitting, the height finder is checked, also the accuracy
of distance scale etc.
40. Reconnaissance and liaison (communication sections) of AAA have the mission of
collecting data on enemy air and ground activity and utilizing it in the best
means possible for combat. Recon and liaison (communication) for the battery
(battalions or regiment) is the responsibility of the command platoon leader.
After setting up the observation, the command post platoon leader mans the command
post as directed by the battery commander
isteniag
Pit Operations
Roam
Scout
Battery CO
and
Scouts
The command platoon leader details a scout and gives directions on setting up
communications between the command post of the regiment (battalion) and the
commander of the ccmbined arms unit (if circumstances warrant it). Communications
are established within the observation post of the battery. In each direction of
communication there are a commander and two men, whose problem it is to establish
through which points to lay the lines of communications and at Which time these
have to be ready. Communications set up in AAA is from higher headquarters to
lower (regiment, battalions, battery).
After the establishment of communications, the command platoon leader sets up a
communications procedure which is confirmed by the battery commander. For tele-
phone or radio communications, the command platoon leader of regiment or battalion
establishes call signs for each sub-unit; for example:
Regimental CO - Wave
1st Battery - Snore
2nd Battery - Don etc.
Officers are assigned call numbers.
Regimental CO - 010
Chief of Staff - 011
Deputy Chief of Staff - 012
Deputy Commander, political - 013
1st battery Commander - 20
Platoon commander - 21
Command platoon leader - 22
2nd battery commander - 24 etc.
Call signs are changed. no less than once a month. Call signs for battery obser-
vation posts are established by the command platoon leader of the battery.
For transmissich ,;,t ,=;c cift by z7etJ.iccue i. ikaule up, tae cipher- being
changed often as is tae entire code.
TNFORMATION
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04
05
o6
07
SECRET/SEC'elirrY'. OEMATION
50X1
Open fire Report situation Tanks on battery
Leave firing
position
Advise losses Surrounded - Need ammo,
Help
Say it again -
did not understand
40 ?
_ 41
e
42
43
A cipher is given each 24 hours to the code form (vertical and horizontal).
The code form consistsof 16 horizontal boxes and eight vertical - order of
transmission: 04 - 40 - open fire
05 - 42 - need ammo
For transmission of top secret data a numerical coded form is used (four or
five numbers).
24-27
314-8
14.152
4394
2201
2784
2953
6109
5532
8231
3349
5163
7140
1947
9214
11.587
Special attention is given to the training of radio operators in AAA. All radios
are divided into categories:
1st category radio operator - Morse transmission up to 24 groups per min.
2nd category up to 16 groups per min.
3rd category up to 12 groups per min.
Check of ground communications is made on the hour; radio communications a:re
,tested every two or three hours.
At the command post of the regiment, one station with a senior artillery commander
on duty stays constantly in operation. In case of damage of telephone communications,
radio communications are immediately used until repairs are effected.
41. The battery commander and the command platoon leader are responsible for reconnais-
sance work in the battery. Reconnaissaince is carried out on a 24-hour basis under
any circumstances and weather conditions. Before sending the unit observer on duty
to the observation post, the reconnaissance section leader briefs him on the follow-
ing: All data on flights of friendly aircraft, time, heading, altitude and type of
aircraft; main and alternate aircraft recognition signals; checks observers knowledge
of every aircraft silhouette and their characteristics; the use and adjustment of
observation instruments; state of maintenance of warning signal eciripment; new data
regarding the enemy and his tactics; the main sector of the battery
On assuinnk., piE ,1-ty at the Observation poet, the observer Boons all around with
the aid of binoculars. He scans the sky in successive sectors from right to left
or vice-versa. On spotting the target he reports: "Aix", this being the signal
for alert at which all the personnel of the batter/ eseime their positions; "Above"
one, two JUO3 altitude 1O Chectometere) heading 180
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SECRET/SECURITY 1117,)R1ATI0N
All instruments and guns scan for the target in the sector shown by the spotter.
If the target is spotted by one of the guns, target data are given to the PUAZO
and range finder prior to their tracking the target.
"Azimuth 32-40, right, angular height 4-4o."
"Azimuth 32-15, right, angular height 4-8o" etc.
When the target is tracked by the instruments and range finder, the operators
report: "Target tracked" and continue tracking it into the zone of fire. The
observer reports all important changes in the target: For example: "Target
dives over 32", "Target loses altitude", "Target proceeds towards battery",
"Target shot dawn". Al]. insturments track the target until its disappearance
after which the operators report "target lost".
All reports of the observer are relayed (doubled) by telephone to the eommand
post of the regiment (battalion) where contact is constantly maintained with each
battery. During the alert, all radio stations are also on stand by.. The regi-
mental command post receives information regarding the time that the battery
opened fire, correction data, and the number of rounds fired. In the case of
bombs dropped on the battery, losses and damage sustained, is also reported.
During the flight of friendly aircraft, the scout reports: "Friendly over '14
altitude 20".
At night the observer reports, "aircraft engine noise over 2 altitude 40". "Target
dropped flares over 4, range 80" etc.
During an alert, all battery scouts observe in their assigned sectors. In order
to determine the heading accurately, the scouts have a heading indicator (see
sketch).
860
5
,The arrow is set in the direction of aircraft flight,i e parallel to it, and the
heading of the aircraft is read off from the index.
42. The command platoon leader keeps the following logs: Log on flits of friendly
aircraft shoving type of aircraft, number, altitude and heading; log o, enemy
flights and spottings showing time target spotted, by whom, number of aircraft
and their type, altitude and heading, time and heading, when target loEt; log of
receipt of meteorological bulletins; log of receipt of recognition signal3 from
friendly aircraft; log of telephone and radio checks; log of receipt re;' tranaeribed
telephone messages; log of observers on duty.
Example of report on friendly aircraft:
- 13.45 - 16.20 - 2385 - 2590 - 2695
- 14 - 018 - 35.
- from 13-45 to 16-20 in squares 2485, 2590, 2695, -14 aircraft type 018.
(coded) altitude 35 - flight will be made.
Squares on the maps and types of aircraft coded.
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SECRET/SECURITY iruoINATIoN
Example of code of aircraft 3.4.52
4.4.52
5.4.52
6,4.52
LA-5
018
017
016
015
TU-2
019
018
017
016
TU-4
020
019
YAK-9
021
020
YAK-13
022
021
MIG-15
023
022
MIG
024
023
etc
025
024
Example of friendly aircraft recognition signals
Dates
Time of day 4.4.52 5.4.52 6.4.52
(Basic-rocking the Basic - red rocket
Day ( wings
(Alternate - yellow rocket Basic-rocking the wings
Night
(Basic-Red Rocket
(Alternate-Green Rocket
Basic-Blinking navigation lights
Alternate-White rocket.
For the code of VNOS (air spotting service) maps a cipher is given for a certain
time (both a basic and an alternate cipher). The transition from one cipher to
another is made by signals from the command post of the regiment by radio. To
determine the heading accurately, data is recorded on the plotting board of the
regimental (or battalion command post).
8o
85
90
95
06
08
l2
4
-.....
3
XII-
7
s1K 5,
010
C
12
Example;
o8-8o-A-6
010-80-0-3-4
012-85-D-7
Using such a map the exact course of a target may be shown. Such a map may
also be coded to transmit data to other points.
43. The choice of an observation post for the battery I.E; made by the command platoon
leader in the sector designated by the deputy chief of staff of the regiment or
by the battery commander. The requirements for an observation post must conform
to the prescribed regulations of the field. manual.
(a) - Good all around field of vision.
(b) - Site of mask 0-15, 0-20
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SECRET/SECURITI lAi01411AIION
L)G,
(c) - Good meam of camouflage and observation.
(d) - Facility of establishing cotmunications. One or two battery observation
posts are chosen per each battery at a distance of 20-25 kms, in most
cases in the direction of the enemy's lines. The observation post is
manned on a 24-hour basis and under any conditions, The commander of the
observation post (sergeant) is responsible for the reconnaissance work;
he transmits personally all data on the enemy and keeps the necessary
documentation.
?
Example of transmittal of data:
"Air, second 2 - M - 109 - heading 135, altitude 20, right/left/straight.
Heading 180
C.40P
From left
to right For OPlright
1 For OP2left
?
?
3ig \ I
?
\ I
fi
90 \k, ?
2 le
\
? I \
\ /35
1W I \
N
Battery
Straigbt
I
ZS. OP2
Based on the reports from different OP's, the regimental (battalion) CO determines
in what direction the target moves and takes the necessary action for tracking it
in the anticipated sector. On receipt of signlas from VNOS (air spotting posts)
that enemy aircraft have appeared in a given area, all observation posts are
warned, they are also advised in the event of a state of alert at the battery and
the presence of targets. Reconnaissance work in the regiment (battalion) is the
responsibility of the regimental command platoon leader under the supervision
of the deputy chief of staff for reconnaissance. Both in the battery and the
regiment, scanning is done on a 24-hour basis. Sometimes the regimental command
platoon details an (observation post but this is done very rarely. NCOs are
employed in plotting work in case of an alert and combat firing.
Plotting board of fire control of AAA.
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SECRET/SECURIM INeORMATIGN
?
45
On appearance of a report of a target from one of the VNOS (aircraft spotting
service) posts, heading and location of target (distance) are determined by the
aid of a special ruler. During the report from one of the observation posts,
scanning is carried out in the given sector. The course of the target is con-
stantly tracked on the plotting board, on the approach of the target into the
firing sector of one of the. batteries, the command "Target in sector is given",
and on tracking it, the command, "Fire", follows. If the objective is protected
by several regiments each regiment has its basic sector. The batteries conduct
fire within gun range, but in order to reach the maximum of efficiency in the
reconnaissance work of AAA and to confirm the responsibility of the commanders for
the security of the guarded objective, each battery is given a basic sector. If
an enemy aircraft crossed a sector without being Subjected to'fita by tlie aisigned
battery, the battery commanders and occasionally the regimental commanders were
court-martialled.
The 253 Guards medium caliber AAA regiment stationed on the outskirts of Darnitz
Station (Kiev) in 1943 allowed an enemy aircraft to pass and cause enormous damage
and destruction of the station; for this all officers of the regiment were court-
martialled and the guards denomination withdrawn from the regiment.
44. In the case of several concurrent targets from different directions, they are
designated target No 1, 2, 3, etc, and each operator on the plotting board follows
only his target and reports on its changes. In regimental headquarters (battalion)
there are three to four plotting boards and a VNOS (air spotting service) map
where the target's course and location are plotted on an acetate covering the map.
If a radar set is available in the regiment, a plotting board is used in coueenction
with -it.
45. Medium and heavy caliber AAA fires according to main and auxiliary systems. The
main system of firing combines the use of PUAZO or radar. This system of firing
is the most accurate and effective and is constantly the most often used in medium
caliber artillery. The accuracy of fire depends on: Accurate determination of
altitude of target (error not more than two theoretical errors [sic ; on condition
and state of readiness of guns and instruments; on team work of battery i e the
rapidity and accuracy of work by the personnel of the entire battery. Po-ror in
height gives an error in range. In view of the fact that the accuracy of deter-
mining the height of the target is of decisive importance, in the result of firing,
particular- attention is given to the traiteng of Stereoscope operators. The ster-
eoscope onerator is relieved from other assignments and details and works constantly
on improving himself.
With the advent of radar, the importance of range eirders and stereoscopists
diminished, but in medium caliber AAA the stereoscope operator still plays a role
of paramount importance. The state of readiness Of guns and instrument e also has
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SECRET/SECURITY I1SF0RMATION
- 34
much bearing on the effectiveness of fire. Inaccuracies in orienting, horizontal
leveling, readiness of ammo, ballistics and metereological estimate of conditions,
the variability of angle and time and total 0 correction all combine to cause
enormous dispersion of shells and lower the effectiveness of fire. In view of
this, particular attention is given to the training of the battery which is carried
out thoroughly and meticulously. Effectiveness of fire depends on the team work
of the battery's entire personnel. In AAA, inaccuracy in the work of one of the
gunners or particularly of one of the PUAZO operators, reflects on the firing
capability of all the battery, therefore, the team work of gun crews, platoons and
batteries is allocated almost 70% of all training time per year.
46. On the appearance of the target and prior to its tracking by the range finder and
instruments, the battery commander commands: "On aircraft (or group of bombers)
above 2, shell - height, rate 5 - Fire!" On the command "On aircraft above 2"
all guns and instruments scan above the designated sector and immediately on spot-
ting the target with a computor or range finder, report "Target tracked." Height
is then read off, "42-50, 42-00, 43-00", the battery commander selects the average
and commands "height 42-50." At the same time, after the target has been tracked
on the computor, the commander of the computor section gives the correct data on
speed of wind and azimuth, at the given height, and this data is fed into the
parallax by No 9 gunner. In case several targets appear from different directions,
the battery commander selects that target which gives the greatest threat to the
objective or the battery, Or the target which can be fired upon most effectively.
At the command "Shellfire" 60 the gunners detailed for fire setting select the
designated ammo; if only one type of ammo is available at the battery - the command
is not given. An approximate height is given for the computor because without it
it is almost impossible to track the target. Therefore an estimated height is given
first, and after range finding computation, a correct height ie set. After the
insertion of height into the computor, each operator reports "Superimposed", after
the report of No 2 gunner "Ready" on the fuze setting, the battery commander orders
"Salvo fire" or "Sustained fire". Salvo fire is carried out by all guns on the
signal given by the platoon leader in the prescribed 5 secs tempo. Tn the case of
"Sustained fire" command, the guns fire according to their state of seediness. If
No 2 reports "Not superimposed" 00 firing stops on the command "halt do not
reload." "Original settings" azimuth 35-00 is given when all guns and enstruments
report "1st Ready", the commands "Back of the gun" are followed by Into cover."
.When firing has stopped the commanders report ammo expenditure "1st expended 20".
When during the process of firing one of the guns jams or some other mechanical
difficulty occurs, the gun commander reports "1st jammed" he then repairs the defect
and when ready resumes fire. If circumstances and time permitgthe firing results
are examined by battery and platoon commanders and the basic defficiencies dis-
covered during firing, plus the good work of the better crew member is also noted
and commended. Such practise often gives positive results. On termination of fire,
guns and computors are checked for horizontal leveling, line of sights and general
orientation of the battery. On completion of this work,, guns are cleaned and
ammo readied for next firing. During major raids and in other circumstances, when
all the regiment fires at a given target, fire results are evaluated on a regi-
mental basis.
47. An auxiliary system of fire is used in extreme circumstances when firing by the
main system-is impossible (breakdown of synchronized transmittal system. rupture of
cables etc). In such cases, the command "Auxiliary" is given, at which gunners
No 1, 4,3, put on earphones while computors'operators take microphones. Data is
transmitted by telephone in the following order: "124, 35-20, 4-4o" Fuze 124 -
azimuth 35-20, angle of eleVation 4-40. The gunner setting the azimuth and angle
of elevation operates the flywheel in such a fashion that the following readings
of azimuth and elevation angle setting would 'correspond. This method of firing was
almost entirely unsuccessful in World War II and is now almost never used. In case
the battery fired on a group of aircraft, and some of these started to dive, the
battery commander would order "1-2 fire at diving." The designated guns then fire
over open eights but the computor still tracks the target and at the earliest possi-
ble moment, the guns revert to the basic system of fire.
48. The effectiveness of AAA fire is measured by: Number of targets brought down, violent
evasive action and changes in heading of targets, the location and symmetry of bursts
around the target not exceeding circle 0-20. With an effectively trained and manned
battery, the bursts will always spread as iadicated aeove. The most productive burst
is short 30-50 m ahead of the target. This is a sign of correct firing,
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35 -
Targets engaged in evasive action (change of heading 3-6 degrees and zoom or dive
10-15 degrees) are fired upon with dispersal bursts. Range corrections are made
after two to three deviations and are made by changing height "Height over 50."
Commander of the computor detail commands "Height 43-00" and firing continues.
Correction in azimuth is made after two to three deviations and when the bursts
are out of the 0-20 circle. In World War II, due to the great spread of aircraft,
corrections were seldom made due to the short time of targets in the zone of fire.
Therefore, the main mission of AAA is to make certain of the first salvo. In view
of the aircraft's evasive action, successive salvoes will never be as successful as
the first.
AAA will fire on diving aircraft in cases when the target is diving on the battery
or on a nearby objective which is no further than 500 to 700 meters. In case of an
attack on the battery from all directions, the battery (or platoon) commander com-
mands "Fire on diving aircraft in individual sectors." The gun commanaer commands
"Fire on diving aircraft" (indicates by hand) fuze 13, down 20, fire:" As soon as
the target is tracked at maximum intensity, the fuze is set according to data worked
out by the computor. The vertical lead is set by No 4 on the adjustor. When the
target comes out of the dive, firing is resumed according to the basic method.
49. Ground attack aircraft are those which operate at low altitudes, 200 to 500 meters
not exceeding 700 meters. Firing is by individual guns under the direction of gun
commanders at a signal from the platoon commander. The gun commanders have the
firing chart for defense of the battery and establish in advance the lines of de-
fense for firing against ground attack aircraft. According to these lines, fuze
settings are determined in advance, 1000, 2500, 3000 and 4000 meters. Vertical anti
lateral leads are set by Nos 4 - 3 according to the firing charts which they have
in constant possession and which they know by heart. Vertical and lateral leads
are set from the firing charts in relation to the speed which the gun commander
orders, as an example: "Ground attack aircraft over; Fuze 13, speed 120, Fire;" The
signal of target reaching boundary lines can be given by the range finder which on
tracking the target at the furthest boundary line reports "On." At the signal, fir-
ing is started and the next curtain of fire ais) is laid. No more than two curtains
ale.] are laid as the gun is not able to make more than two. Firing is done at
maximum intensity and no correction is made. When t'-c target is downed, the gun
commander tracks the next target independently (if such a target exists ir the
vicinity). It is almost impossible to fire on fighter aircraft flying at low alti?
tude, due to their elcessiye speeds, _Therefore, those aircraft are subjected to fire
from small caliber AAA an4loachine ppm' with more effect.
50.. Firing with radar is also considered a primary means of firing if the battery is
synchronized with the radar set. If one radar set is available per regiment, all
batteries are connected with it by telephone and computed data are relocated through
relocator unit to the PUAZO unit and thence to the guns. The radar set transmits
to each battery the height of target azimuth, angle of elevation and fuze setting.
Base line radar battery is set into the Parallax indicator by No 9. All data from
the radar set go through the relocation unit where the data is reworked on special
firing charts. This means of firing was used at night and in cloudy weather. Due
to the relocation of firing data through a whole network of relocator points, firing
was not always effective.
Ptopfl
Sketch of communications SON -battery I. L1
1')------------1
W?tip
Po K2-
(spy AO
foSi-
RA2-0
cooliA0
lacsr
'SgpET/SECURITY INFORMATION
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- 36 - 50X1
51. At the present time medium and heavy AAA (particularly eight-gun batteries) are
being equipped with radar sets of the "MAIAKHIT" type. It computes firing data
in day and night conditions. The new batteries are not equipped with range finders.
Correction is almost never made in firing with SON. The order to commence firing
is given from the regimental command post. When a regiment fires on one target with
radar-controlled fire, it is very hard to determine the individual battery bursts,
and therefore correction cannot be made in such cases. For firing under night condi-
tions, the battery is made during the day (lights are set up and checked). Storage
batteries of the N-10 type are mounted on the guns and are connected to a junction
box from which lights branch out to all computor dials and scales. To check light-
ing equipment the command "Light up" is given; No 4 switches on the lights and all
gunners report if the lights are on. The gun commander reports "No 3 gun lights OK".
During night conditions firing with the PUAZO computor is carried out with the target
illuminated by search lights, the firing procedures are then the same as in daylight
firing with the PUAZO.
52. This means of firing is used when no radar sets are available and also when the
objective is of particular importance and warrants curtains of fire set to impede
the passage of night bombers. Firing charts for barrage firing are made from
topographical maps from which data for cardinal points and barrage zones are taken.
The zones are given code names "Lion", "Tiger" "Bear" "Falcon" etc. The data taken
from the topographical maps are transferred to overlays which are available at each
battery. For each point, an azimuth, an angle of elevation, and a fuze setting
are worked out and put down in the firing charts for barrage firing. Tae signal,
at which the time to open fire is determined, is relayed from the Observation post
when the target is overhead. At the command "overhead" time is taken and an esti-
mating time of flight fire is opened.
The command to open fire is given from the command post of the regiment (battalion)
"Barrage Tiger." The battery commander looks up in the firing charts the data for
that curtain of fire and commands "Barrage, azimuth 0-00, fuze 0-00, angle of eleva-
tion 0-00 - fire." To obtain dispersal of bursts, each gun, after each round,
effects an azimuth charge left or right through 0-50 degrees. Nos 4 and 2 guns to
the right, Nos 1 and 3 to the left. The calculations for zones of fire and firing
points is made for medium heights at intervals of 500 meters.
Firing is continuous to the maximum capacity of the guns. The angle of elevation
varies also. ?'Iri is effec ve +pay when sufficient AAA is available.
0
Defended objective
Points
0?
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53. Firing on airborne landing and flare bombs is over ooetesights by a battery or by
individual guns and aimed at the denser groups of parachutists. At the command
"Parachute landing - over: fragmentation down 10, Fuze 0-00 fire" guns are aimed
at the center group of parachutists and the report, "the target tracked" is made.
The range is determined by the range finder and the fuze is set accordingly. Fire
is continuous to the maximum capacity of the gun. Correction is made if bursts are
out of 0-20 circle beyond the main group of parachutists. When the target has
landed, firing is over open sights as against infantry. The aiming point is the
mid-point of the body of parachutists. Firing on flare bombs is the same as on the
parachute landings with the exception that the setting down 0-05 is made in small
caliber AAA. Velocity in meters per sec is also taken according tc the wind. Aiming
point is the central group of flare bombs. Light filters are used to prevent glare
when aiming at flare bombs. Commands and corrections are the same as when firing
on parachute landings.
54. Machine caliber AAA is a powerful weapon in combatting tanks and armored vehicles.
With an armor piercing shell and a muzzle velocity of 800 m per see, thSs gun
pierced the armor of a heavy tank with a battle sight shot. Battle sight shot
is that distance at which, with the sight at constant settling, the trajectory of
the shell at all points crosses the target. An 85 mm gun has an armor-piercing
shell with an MD-type fuze set in the base of the shell.
For convenience and effectiveness of firing, an antitank firing chart 1.:; prepared
with indicated check points distance to them and sighe settings. "'Lc 3-f_c:ct setting
in an 85 mm Pt gun is at -2 for medium ranges. All gun crews are well trained in
the use of antitank charts. Time permitting, each gun prepares antitank obstacles
in its firing sector so that enemy tanks in avoiding them might preEent their most
vulnerable points to the AA guns. For firing against tanks the battery cr platoon
commanders command "At tanks in individual sectors." The gun commander commands
"On tank check point 2, armor-piercing, right 0-00, sight 0-00 - fire:" When tanks
advance on the battery at angles from 0 degrees to 30 degrees no lateral lead is
given but the sight set and the aiming point moves slightly over. When the pointer
reports target tracked, fire is opened. Firing starts from 2000 meters in order to
leave time to knock out all tanks, if there are only a few tanks they are allowed
to come in closer to insure hits. Sights and lateral leads are set from firing
charts depending AZ1 the speed of its heading. Frontal movement of tanks is con-
sidered as that within the angles 0 to 30 degrees and 150 to 180 degrees. In those
cases the pointer moves the aiming point to the length of the tank at distances
of 800 meters and to one length of the tank at distances over 800 meters-- Oblique
movement is considered at an angle of 30 to 90 degrees and up to 150 degrees.
Lateral leads are then set to the angles of movement: 30, 45, 60, 90 and, according
to the speed of the target, up to 36 kilometers per hour and higher. Firing is at
maximum velocity, and on destruction of one tank is transfered to the next one.
When firing is short, the aiming point is raised. In the case of overs up to 1000
m the aiming point is lowered, overs more than 1000 meters necessitate lowering of
the sight by 0-02. At these ranges deflections are corrected by variations of the
aiming point to from 0.5 to 1 length of target. At ranges of more than 1000 meters,
deflections are corrected flp to one length of the target by a change of at... Ling when
greater than one length by lateral lead of 0-02, 0-04 (right or left) and depending
on the amount of deviation. Small caliber AAA hardly ever fires on heavy tanks.
55. Medium caliber AAA fires on infantry at ranges up to 3000 m if the target is well
observed. Firing is with :'ragmentation rounds in bursts of three to four rounds.
Sights and fuzes are set ,'cording to range. Range adjustment is made with the
range finder or any of the other optical instruments. Firing from indirect laying
positions is the same as for field artillery with the only exception that medium
caliber AAA has other ballistic charts and its own chart ZAMP (abbreviation unknown.
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DUA I
Just as in field artillery, there eXist three states of preparation of fire,
estimation by eye Oic) three to five minutes; abbreviated preparation and com-
plete prensrstion, usually when firing on a regiment is involved (preparation of
all data, four hours). Firing procedures, range adjustments, etc are almost identi-
cal with field artillery (76) guns ZIS-3 100 mm gun type 7944). AAA fires from
indirect laying positions only on orders of a senior artillery commander and in
extreme cases.
56. AAA will leave its firing positions if these are discovered and subjected to
incessant air attack or artillery fire. Also, in cases of advance or retiring of
units and subject to changes in the tactical situation. Order to leave firing
position is received from HQ by telephone or radio in coded form. On receiving
orders to leave position, the battery commander commands: "Recall - ready for march."
At this command all guns and instruments are made ready for march and the towing
tractors are called. When all loading has been completed and time is available, the
trenches are filled in. The battery forms into a column at a point indicated by
the battery commanders and at the time indicated by the regimental (battalion)
commander, it arrives at the assembly area of the regiment. (This is when the
march involves the entire regiment). The battery is permitted to change on its
own decision from main to alternate firing position. If the battery (regiment) has
to make a march of 24 to 48 hours, the mission and situation is fully explained, and
all planning and preparations are carried out as explained above. The first halt
is for 10 minutes, after 30 minutes of march?at whioh time equipment is inspected.
Subsequent halts are made after two to three hours of march,to reform the column
and rest personnel. A long halt is made during the second half of the 24.-hour march
for meal, rest and service of vehicles. Location of sleeping quarters is made by
an advance party sent out ahead. Its duty is to find places for the equipment and
quarters for personnel. The advance party consists of the Commander (Assistant
Chief of Staff) Deputy for Political Affairs, Medic, Chemical Warfare Instructor,
and scouts from each battery. Their mission is to select places for parking equip-
ment, quarters for personnel, inspect wells and ascertain their servicability, and
check on the political reliability of the population of the village or town. In
case the populated area is not suitable for the requirements, units are trained and
were trained in World War II to halt in forests and other unpopulated areas. To
insure that no vehicles lag behind in case of breakdown or other mechanical deficien-
cies, a trail detail is organized which is commanded by the regimental (or battalion)
chief of the motor pool.
57. The work of the regimental (or battalion) HQ staff in combat is as follows: On
arrival at a new area, the regimental HQ occupies and mans the location selected by
the chief of the advance party. It indicates the communications procedure, to
whom and when; organizes the observation service in the regiment, and gives dir-
ections regarding the selection of observation posts for the batteries (indicates
areas). Having received the dispositions of the batteries, it compiles the disposi-
tion of the regiment, indicates the main sectors of fire to the batteriesland organ-
izes the topographical orienting to the main check points; indicates the process
of call signs and codes; advises the batteries of the recognition signals of friend-
ly aircraft, communications procedures and joint operation plans with friendly air-
craft; advises of barrage firing plan and gives all neccessary details regarding it;
Indicates to the batteries,air lanes for flights of friendly aircraft; organizes
staff duty officersicontrols ammunition, food,etcpsupply services; checks the com-
bat preparedness of the units and organizes their training; keeps the necessary
documents pertinent to operations of the regiment and excerises operational con-
trol of its units in combat f the regiment is assigned to an infantry fcrmation,
the regimental HQ ascertains the situation and the mission and coordinates tne
plans of the movement (operations) of the regiment).
?
58. Small caliber AAA fires as follows:
(a) By basic method of sighting
(b) On diving aircraft and ground attack aircraft.
(c) On aircraft under partially visible conditions.
(d) On parachute landings and flare bombs.
(e) Firing from the move.
(f) Firing on tanks and armored vehicles.
(g) Firing on infantry.
(h) Barrage firing.
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SECfET7E TON 50X1
Long and short buret are made and oeeasionally tndininual rounds for ranee adjustment
on ground targets. The basic method of firing in Small caliber AAA is considered as
firing on aircraft flying at average altitudes, up to 4000 meters with a straight
course and constant speed. Firing is on command of the batter commander.
"On aircraft over 4, 90, 23, short bursts fire."
Pointers track the target in the collimators and report "Target tracked."
No 4 gunner sets the heading indicator parallel to the flight of tee aircraft.
No 3 gunner seta the given speed of the aircraft 90 meters per sec and range 24 hecto-
meters.
The range finder tracks the target and measures the range at intervals of 200 meters.
No 3 gunner establishes the rate of the fly wheel mechanism regulating changes in
range. On the approach of the target to the range at which the battery commander de-
cided to open fire, he will start firing in short bursts. Correction is made when two
to three bursts deviate to the same side more than 0-20. Correction in the majority
of cases is made by changing the speed to 5-10 meters per sec, more or less according
to the necessity. In cases of change in target heading or evasive action, firing with
burst dispersals is practised. Firing at diving aircraft is done at the command of
gun commanders.
"On diving aircraft down 40 long bursts - fire." The pointers often do not track the
target in the collimators, but watch the tracers and adjust the aim according to them.
No 4 sets "down 40" according to the angle of the diving aircraft. No correction is
made.
When firing at ground attack aircraft flying at low altitudes, firing is also in long
bursts, with no correction, speed, heading and range set in. The signal is given by
the range finder. Firing from the move is as follows: Pointers sit in their positions
and the gun loaded with two clips (the rest of the crew are in the earrier). On the
appearance of the aircraft the commander commands: "Halt" and - "On aircraft over 12",
indicates by hand signals speed, range "short bursts - fire:" When the vehicle has
pulled up, the crew take their positions and open fire at the command of the gun com-
mander; range is estimated by eye. This firing usually takes;lace on the march, dur-
ing sudden enemy air attack.
The other types of firing in small caliber AAA will not be described, as basically they
are identical with those of medium caliber AAA, with the one exception that deflection
is measured between tracer and target (firing on tanks, parachutista and barrage fir-
ing). Firing is from short ranges up to 2000 meters and at tanks up to 1000 meters.
Barrage firing is by curtains of fire with azimuth and elevation angles given. Speed
is set at average and range according to the curtain of fire. Rotations left and
right for burst dispersal are same as for medium AAA.
59. In view of the importance of AAA in future conflict, Soviet AAA has considerably ex-
panded and changed in design and tactical use, This will be described subsequently.
At present, in view of the organization of new units, all reserve AAA officers have
been recalled. Many NCOls with five to six years experience who hate a high school
education have been commissioned (platoon commanders
60. The following AAA officers schools are presently training the cadres of AAA specialists:
Gorky AAA S3hool
Baku AAA School
Chelyabinsk AAA School
Sevastopol AAA School
GUZA
BUZA
CHUZA
SUZA
Boriooglevsk Technical AAA School f,TUZA
Leningrad Instrument School AAA LIUZA
Kharkov Radar Academy
All of the above scnools train AAA officers both for meth= and small ealiber AAA such
as fire platoon commanders, command platoon leaders, and computer platoon leaders for
large, medium and small caliber AAA, plus armor technicians and instrument arid radar
technical officers. The length of the course as two y?EiTS. Students must have a high
school educatisn; tney ae selected from eivilaann and Irem the military. Approximate-
ly 20-30% are students from the army, 20% students from Suvorov cadet 'schools and
50 to 60% from civilians
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-lb
1st Battalion
SECRET/SECJR''TY ,OFRMATTON 50X1
qa.Dirstti
School
Commandant --I
1st year course
bo 1 Battery
No 2 Battery
-- Deputy for
iPolitical Affairs
2nd Battalion
-
2nd year course
No 4 Battery
2nd Platoon
1st Squad
The following subjects are included in the curriculum;
Artillery
Tactics of AAA
Equipment
Communications
Engineering
Automobile equipment
History of the Communist Party
Drill
Regulations
Topography
Infantry drill manual.
Artillery, tactics and equipment are the major subjects. On passirgfinal exams, the
students are commissioned lieutenants and are detailed to AAA units. The Kharkov Radar
Academy prepares radar specialists; the length of the course is four years.
61. NCO's of AAA units are trained in NCO schools at each AAA regiment. The schools' quo-
tas are filled with new recruits who have five years' education. The length cf the
course is one year. The school trains gun commanders and commanders of computor squads.
School
Commandant
Deputy for
Political Affairs
1st Platoon
30 men
(Fire Platoon)
I? 2nd PlatoOn
30 men
(Fire Platoon
#1 gun
#2 gu7s1 3 gun #4 gun
loialiMe?????=11?MMriakeeMilarsal
3rd Platoon
(Machine gun)
.11.1muminalamoomst,alles????r.
4th Platoon
(Computor)
NCO schools in small caliber AAA consists of 80 students not counting the officsrs.
The training of NCO's as radio operators, scouts and tslyphone operators is carried
out in a special sshsoi. sr division or garrisest level, 'rivers are trained at motor
pool schools; length of course, six months. Armament sxperts are trained at division
or army level; length of course is one year, On completion of course and on passing
final exams, the students reseive sergeant ratings and are detailed as gun commanders,
deputy gun commanders, compu-or operators etc.
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50X1
62. Training schedulee of AAA units begin 1 Dim ember (4CO schools 1 November) and are
completed by the end of the following September. Yearly training schedule 10 montha)
is divided into two phases - summer and winter. The winter training phase lasts
from 1 December to 15 April and is subdivided into three stages.
(a) 1st stage from 1 December to 15 January - training of individual specialists.
(b) 2nd stage from 15 January to 1 March - training of gun and computor crews.
(c) 3rd stage from I March to 15 April - training for combat firing, tactical
training, inspection of winter training results, departure for camp.
The summer training phase lasts from 3 May to 1 October. It is also divided into
three stages.
4th stage (summer) from 3 May to 15 June - Platoon training.
5th stage from 12 June to 1 August - Battery training.
6th stage from 1 August to 1 October - Regimental (battalion) training.
Tactical
consists
storage,
1 May is
The daily
or study.
etc.
training is at division or army level. The period 1 October to 1 December
of preparation for next year's training schedule; administrative work, fuel
repair work, preparation of training aid d etc, while the period 15 April to
concerned with preparation for summer phase of training.
working schedule is eight hours plus two hours of political indoctrination
The rest of the time for meals, toilet, rest, free time, cleaning weapons
Reveille in winter 0600, retreat 2300.
Reveille in summer 0500, retreat 2200.
The schedule of training hours per subject is made up at regimental headquarters,
following the directives of the senior artillery headquarters. The training schedule
is made up on a weekly-basis by the battery dommanders and approved by tee regimen-
tal commanders The training schedule follows the training program of AAA. Each
month a resume of the training is made up and goals are assigned for the following
month. Political training takes place two times a week, each session lass for two
hours, and there are three periods of political information of 30 minutes each. The
majority of training hours is devoted to the handling of equipment. Combat training
and tactics are taught exclusively by officers, other subjects by NCO's under the
supervision of platoon commanders.
The training of NCO personnel is four times a month and is conducted by the, battery
commander and instructor training with NCO personnel twice a week for two boars each
session.
Officers' training is in two groups.
(a) 1st group, battery commanders and equipments
(b) 2nd group$ platoon commanders and equipment.
Both groups follow the same curriculum (with few exceptions) but on different days.
Training is three times a month, eight hours each, urder the supervision of the regi-
mental commanderp his deputy and chief of staff.
Training of regimental commanders and chiefs of staffs is at division or army level
once or twice a month.
Besides the officers' training, instructional training is carried out once a week
for two hours, artillery training, two hours per week, physical training once a week,
firing once a week. Drivers, radio operators. communications specialists etc train in
a regimental group.
63. Particular attention is paid toile combat readiness of AAA units. During an alert,
the action of individual units is prescribed and timed so the smallest details. Each
soldier, sergeant and officer knows beforehaar *he+ be hge ee dr. A" equqement guns,
instruments, prime movers and small arms are It perfect operational condition. Any
discovered deficiency draws severe penalties or the unit commanders, rhe motto in AAA
is "Remember the Airl" "Be always combat ready:"
50X1
64.
A combat alert in a regiment may be given personally by the army com-
mander or with his written permission, to one of the staff officers. An alert may be
given by telephone or by radio with the signal "Thunder" or "Storm". On receipt of
this signal, the duty officer requests the cartrolling password and checks it with one
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SECRET/SECURITY eNFORMATION 50X1
kept in a sealed box and opened only on receipt of an alert signal. en ascertain-
ing the veracity of the signal, the duty 0Ificer gives the alert by sounding the
siren or by relaying the signal to the units. Combat alert in the 16th AAA Regi-
ment was called at 0400 by the army artillery commander on written permission.
Having alerted all the personnelthe duty officer supervises the regiments' assem-
bly. The battery commander receives from the duty officers topographic maps with
the assembly areas of the.regiment (or division" units. During this tine the
regimental commander and his chief of staff get briefed on the situation and mission
by their commanders, following which they in turn brief the battery commanders who
brief their men. During this time personnel get their arms, ammunition and personal
effects which they load into vehicles. According to previously worked out regula-
tions, each battery receives two units of fire per gun and 1.5 gas per vehicle.
Assembly on alert is in a designated area by each battery independently (each sub-
unit has a point designated in advance).
Signals for direction and assembly are given at eight with a flashlight and during
the day with flags,
During an alert, the battery CQ lowers air raid blinds and switches the light only
at key spots. Each gun commander directs his gun crew and takes the necessary
equipment designated in the regulation governing action of a battery during an
alert. These regulations for the action of a battery during an alert govern the
operations of officers, NCOs and enlisted men (what equiptent to take where and by
whom it is to be loaded, also who is responsible for checking battery property and
warehouse), Each officer has a ready-packed suitcase with all equipment necessary
for campaign and also a field bag. The enlisted men also have the necessary equip-
ment prescribed in advance, Each soldier gets 48 hours of field rations and 120
rounds or two submachine clips, also steel helmets, entrenching tools, bead gren-
ades etc. Battery commanders report to the regimental commander when their batter-
ies are ready. Time from alert signal to the formation of a regimental route
column is one hour and 40 minutes. On alert, the regiment picks up all armament,
ammunition, equipment, and property, as it might not return to that same location.
Each combat alert in training is followed by a complete critique of action by units
and sub-units. At regimental level with the officers, at battery level with NCOs
and enlisted men. All operations of batteries are adapted to combat situations.
At present 60 to 70% of all AAA of occupation forces in Germany are on firing
positions as part of the PVO defense. Combat alerts take place six to seven times
per year.
65. Combat firing practice in AAA is carried out two times per year. Individual gun
firing takes place in March and consists of firing on tanks, ground attack aircraft
and parachute landings. In order to cheek gun crew proficiency, aL incpector is
appointed whose duty is to check each gunner according to special setsof standards.
For example: Track target 3 secs
Set speed 1,5 secs
Set range 1.5 secs
Gun combat readiness 30 secs
Horizontal leveling 10 secs
Check line of sights 40 secs
Loading 3 secs
If the gun crews do not meet the standardel firing is not permitted.'Bach bat-
tery receives two to three missions; the best gua crews fire one mission each.
Example of Mission 1951
Mission No 1 Small caliber AAA
Firing on towed sleeve target. Target moving uniformly on oneheading
Height of target 30-35 hectometers
Goerse parameter 800 meters
TvletInd of firing as per P3-44#
12 rui per gun 10 secs lime.
Rating: Direct hit on target or 75% tracers within 0-20 circle - excellent
lood - 50% tracers in 0-20 eircle.
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-.43.
Average - 25% tracers in 0-20 circle
Mission No 5 firing on tanks
Two tanks move against the gun from different angles, speed of tanks 35 kilometers per
hour, range 1000 meters, Fire is opened from a range suitable to knock out both tanks
before they arrive to within 400 meters.
Gun commander fires eight rounds, firing in short bursts.
Results: 3 hits on each tank - excellent
2 hits - good
1 hit - average
If one tank only is hit, the mission is not considered as fulfilled. If the time
allowed is exceeded, or in case of delay and all rounds are not expended the mission is
also not considered fulfilled. Such missions are carried out on the basis of 25% in
spring and the remaining 75% in the fall after tactical exercises for a total of 12
missions, day and night missions. The rating of results is done by the firisg ground.
crew and results of firing are noted by details from the regiment. The eompleee re-
sults are worked out by the firing ground command and the regimental staff and the
soores made known. In 1951 all firing in the 1018 small caliber AAA regiment was rated
as good. Tactical training is carried out twice a year at division level in spring and
at Army level in the fall. Missions vary in type: In 1950 the tactical problem was:
"Nbve of army into the breach in the enemy's defense and the corresponding mission of
AAA units."
Each training or combat alert presents a definite tactical problem at regirnntal or
disional levels.
? 66. There have been equipment and tactical changes in units during the post-World War II
period. Small caliber AAA artillery, 37 mm gun IL 1939, was not subjected to constitu-
tional changes and is still operational. However, production of this aide' and of the
25 mm model has ceased. A new gun is being produced and is being issued to hints, It
is the 57 mmIll 1950. It fires with SON PUAZO director or with its awn sighlng mechan-
ism which is completly different from the NI943 sight on the 37 mm gun. Tie basic
computation is on the basis of the rate of change in target irrespective of its plane.
A new manual has been published (in project form) 1950, BUZA combat manual of email
caliber AAA.
Firing regulations are still according to PS 1944. Firing training curricuLuri of
small caliber AAA is now 1951.
Medium Caliber AAA, M1931 and NI938 76 mm guns are almost withdrawn from AAA ermamenf,.
The 85 mm U1939 gun has been altered as follows: The semi-automotic breech system,
which previously worked on an inertia principle, was changed in 1944 to a rotating fixed
cam syster.,The breech lock has been simplified, the left trigger and cocking hammer
and the pawl have been removed, there is one crank instead of two, and the cokxing
mechanism has been simplified.
In addition the corrector of the angle of elevation has been removed, one average speed
of elevation and traverse has been installed, firing platform has been altered, a seat
has been installed for No 3 gunner) the balancing mechanism simplified, powder faze
T-5 replaced by mechanical fuze M-46, and its firing regulation is act;ording 60 PS-45.
A new draft of combat manual for medium caliber AAA (BUZA) 1950 has come out, e-SAZ0-3
is still operational, PUAZO synchronized with a range finder has not proved itself and
has not been mass produced. Radar is presently used on a wide basis in medium caliber
AAA.
Heavy caliber AAA is almost entirely new as previously there were virtually no heavy
caliber AAA guns. At present, a 100 mm AA gun N1949 is operational in units. Is has a
mechanical fuze setting and is fired in conjunction with radar type "MALKHA". Heavy
AAA is organized on the basis of eight gens per battery. Battalion firing which before
was non-existent, has been introduced. Firing, tactical and operation units of AAA have
remained almost unchanged.
67. From a quick examination of AAA units the following oonetusiene must )t drata; AAA is
one of the most complex artillery services anc necessitates time Kai fqin effort in the
traihing of officer and NCO personnel. Experiences of World War II snowed the weakness
of AAA and its backwardness, in consequence of which, soviet AAA has undergone serious
? constitutional and organizational changes in accordance with present day requirements.
The next war will shut,' now =eh AAA has grqwt and iturr?ovaci in ?rue:, L'? ) 3011Te he pro-
blems arising from modern conditions of warfare.
- end -
ENCLOSURE (0: Chart Showing the Organization of the 4th Artiller-y r)ivision (AA)
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Chart -Showing the
Meissen, uernany
Chart Showing the
Caliber Regiment)
- 44 -
Organization of the 16th Medium Caliber AA Stationed in
Organization of the 1023 ?ZAP (Independent AAA Medium
located in Ruda
Sketch Showing the Organization of 1st Category-Air Defense System (IVO)
Sketch Showing the Deployment of Firepower in Air Defense Area, Category
I with Legend
Sketch Showing the Organization of Air. Raid Spotter Warning Service (VNOS)
With Legend
Sketch Showing the OoMbat Disposition of a Medium Caliber AAA Battery
(H):, Sketch Showing the Communications System of a Medium Caliber AAA Battery
(I): Sketch Showing lhe -CrobbOlikatidits SYistieffalAbdium:-Caliber AAA Regiment
(or Battalion)
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLCSU (A) ?
3ECRET/SECUR!f LGd1CA
CHART SHOWING Ti+. "4VdITION OF Tiff 4TH
re, i ct i cal Ov) ft
0.4^
141
rsi
rd
.1,
I riARY DtVISION (AA)
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLOSURE ,(B) SECRET/SECURITY INrORMATION 50X1
CHART SHOWING THE ORGANIZATION OF ThE 16M MEDIUM CALIBER AA REG STATIONED
IN NEISSEN GERMANY
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Medical
ecl I c*
1
\Art i avY
RePa: Y Shop
Plat oon
feral ineyttsi
EtPuiv co
Seckitty
Sec yetarY
CO
1?01 Vicai
Poi 1-1--; cal
o Ycy1
KA rosot.ol
0 ?
I cc 4.0.4.6
ISeat ovi
1 Row. Seyv I' cc.
Def Wry co
Supply
Sect I or
'St )4v11 yataUoii
Ilea: %obi Cal I ker
loci. Art 132Cr M4eICEti AAA
3 eat(
19 &kr .9141 C6 AAA
Si SatteYy ;:Ye ColaY01
4461013/y1 I sevvtae See-Ion-1
11Notor
roo
I --1-
1
FilYe coectlfol tki efratoon Reconnaissance
?Seer lovi
crhtco4 ,
1-talson it. P-adli 0 cootosoitose-1 an 1
wo Sect-ion
1--ion seer,
toovpittov SoCtq V441 so gbitill Seet:;
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLOSURE' (D) SECRET/SECUitfl fON
SKETCH SHOWING THE ORGANIZATION OF 1ST CATEGORY PIT DEFENSE SYSTEM PVC)
-5b4 nC 96 en. d VtIti APCO re, 144rilpaW 30 S.I.Vadl,Zet
4.111111????111.
?51,116
43,
a
r??????"""
',It PO
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLOSURE' (E) JECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION 50X1
SKETCH SHOWING TRE EPOYMENT OF FIREPOWER IN AIR DEFENQ,
4i try
>*(0
YA, (ATE
. WITH LEGENE
Radar units are located at distances of 50 - 200 kms from
western front there are up to 20 rteAr sttVoris T
Air Defense Areas and up to 25 areas of 2nd category.
NOTE: This sketch does not show accurately the locations
tions
each other. On the
- 3st category
of radar installa-
50X1
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCtOSURE (F) SECRET/SECURITY INFORMOION 50X1
SEETCH SHOWIM TIE ORGANIZATION OF AIR RAID SPOTTER WARNING SERVICE (VN ('S) WIT1 LEGEND
Political
[OperationsH Staff'
[ Officer C 0 jr?ganization
VNOS I I VNOS I VNOS
1st Company 2nd Company 3rd Company
Ina-tom
1
? 1^-,---? .
..-..??? ..
Platoon
VNOS Posts
'Service
Sub-Units
Legend:
VNOS battalions are directly subordinate to the commander of the Air
Defense Area. If these are of the 1st category (Army Air Defense Area)
then the VNOS battalions are allocated to each divisional and Army Air
Defense Group and are subordinate to them.
Total personnel - 250 men
Each. Company - 44 men
Each Platoon - 18 men
Each Post - 6 - 7 men (spotters, communications and radl o7Deratir-)
VNOS posts are located 40 60 kns from the objective in t-e diction
of enemy approach.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLOSURE () SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION 50X1
SKETCH SHOWING THE COMBAT DISPOSITION OF A MEDIUM CALIBER AAA. BATTERY
NIMP 111??
nt
0
771?6
UPTh
()? PI PrEli
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLOBtTr RE (.1-,i) SECRET/ECIIRMI INFORkATION 50X1
? SKETCH SHOWING THE COMMUNI ATIONS SYSTEM OF A MEDIUM_ CALIBER AAA BATTERY
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
Declassified in, Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5
ENCLOSURE SECRET/SECURITY l'IFORIVIATION 50X1
SKETCH SHOWING THE COMMUNICAT DNS rsysTEri 'OF A MEDTIN CAI-1M Aitlk .RETIMENT aa DATT,ION )
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/05/01 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000200180004-5