CONSTANTA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000100450002-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 29, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: June 26, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICA1IUN SECRET/SECURIT( INFORMATION
COUNTRY Rumania
SUBJECT Constanta
PLACE
ACQUIRED
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
DATE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF INFORMATION
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OP THE UNITES STATES, WITHIN THE ...INGOT TITLE IN, SECTIONS 793
AND 794, OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR RE..
LATIN OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT SY AN UNAUTHORISED PERSON IS
PRoNSIITTED SV LAW. THE REPRODUCTION CF THIS FORM IS PROHISITE0.
DATE DISTR. 14 Jun 52 50X1
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NO OF PAGES 33
NO. OF ENCLS. 3
(LISTED BELOW)
(A) 05) cc)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION50X1
s-r46
A-gmy
le
On the-enclosed city plan of Constanta ffnclosure (A27
the following points of interest:
Point #1
THE HEADQUARTERS OF SECURITY SERVICE IN CONSTANTA0
The Security Service, or the Political Secret Police,
was under the Ministry of Internal Afars (Ministerul
Afacerilor Interne M A I )0 The headquarters was
located in the former Carol Hotel, a building con-
structed of cement-covered brick, four-stories high
with a low pyramidal-shaped, sheet metal roof. It
was about 35 m long and 10 m wide. The windows
were without grates. There was a radio transmitter
antenna on the roof. The main entrance on the street
ffoint #12? was Guarded by a militiaman armed with
a submachine gun (probably PPSH-7.62mm). At night
an additional militiaman patrolled the sidewalk*
The section of the sidewalk adjacent to this build-
ing to the public at all times. There
CLASSI ICAINTcriP tion on the building,
ra
(1,
1,11C r.4
DIUMBUTION
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#2
#3
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THE CASINO BUILDING. This building was damaged during
the last war; repair work was started in 1949.
LOCATION OF AN UNIDENTIFIED SOVIET NAVAL :UNIT. This .
building was constructed of light, cement-covered brick,
was approximately three stories high, and had a low tile-
covered gable roof. It extended about. 12 m:a.long,
the street Joint #g. It was four or five m from the
sidewalk an had a wooden fence in front. A radio antenna
(probably for a transmitter), was on the roof. In Sep-
tember 1950 it housed an unidentified Soviet Naval Unit.
:The entrance, on the street joint #_57 was guarded by a
Soviet sailor armed with a submachine gun (PPSH,7,62mM).
The section of sidewalk in front of the building was off-
limits to the public at night. No inscriptions were on
? the building.
4 HEADWARTERS OF THE "COMPESCARIA" FISHING INDUSTRY..
This building was constructed of.light, cement-covered,
brick: was four stories high, :and had a high, pyramidal
.1.1e-covered roof. It was connected to other structures
and was adjacent to the sidewalk along which it extended
about::10 tr2 At the entrance was the nit.P.R. (Rumanian
f9pu3.ar Republic), Compescaria-Oonstante sign* I have
?nO further details.
A115:THE.ELISAEETA BOULEVARD. This boulevard was surfaced with
granite stones.? It was about eight m wide (excluding
.sidewalks). The name has probably been changed,
LOCATION OF AN UNIDENTIFIED SOVIET NAVAL UNIT. This
building was constructed of light, cement-covered, brick,
,two stories high and had a low gabled roof covered with
sheet metal. It was 16 x 8 m. It was located on the
corner of street joint #157 and street joint #57.
An unidentified Soviet Naval Unit was located there in
November 1950. The entrance, on street joint #127, was
guarded by a Soviet sailor armed with a submachine gun.
The sidewalk adjacent to this building was off-limits
'to.thepublic during the night. The windows on the first 50X1
flOor, were entirely covered and those on the second floor
Were .covered half way.
it had a radio antenna on the roof, there 50:00
were about 100 Soviet Naval personnel there. The sailors
wore an insignia consisting of a red round patch with a
yellow full Circle inside on their left sleeve between
shoulder and elbow.
7 YTE MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE HARBOR AREA. This consisted of
an irongate which was used for both vehicles and pedes
triarIP.:. It was guarded by five or six militiamen armed
with submaChine guns. ?The customs office was also located
there. Only employees of the harbor installations, and
persons with authorizations from SOVROM Headquarter
Militialor Security Service were allowed to enter. The
identity of persons with temporary authorizations was
checked by a telephone call to the issuing authority.
Upon entrance his identity booklet was taken from the
indiVidual; when he departed, the identity booklet was
:returned and the entrance pats was retained by the mil
itiaman. A thorough search was made of an individual when
,he eiltered and whan he departed. In some cases even the
shoes had to be taken off. There were probably other
entrances to the harbor area
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#8 THE SOVROM TRANSPCAT ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES. This building
was constructed of cement-covered brick, was five stories
highland had a high, pyramid roof, covered with sheet metal.
It was approximately eight by 10 m and adjacent to the side-
walk. It was located on a corner and was connected to other
structures four or five stories high. The entrance sign
read: "Sovrom Transport, Transporturi Interne Si Externe"
(Sovrom Transport Internal and External Transports); both
in Russian and Rumanian.
The personnel and finance sections were
located on that floor. The chief of the personnel section
was a Rumanian (name unknown) who was also the political
director of the Constanta Sovrom. He personally interviewed
all applicants for positions with the Sovrom.
FREIGHT RAILROAD STATION INSIDE THE HARBOR AREA, This
building was constructed of cement-covered brick, was three
stortes high and had a flat, tile-covered roof. It was
approximately 50 x 12 m. It was not used by passengers
except groups of emigrants who were leaving the country by
boat. It was unguarded except when emigrants were there.
The lower floor was used mostly for storage of sea freight.
The sign on the building read: "C.F.R. Gara de Marfuri'
(Rumanian Railways Freight Statlon).
#10 THE PORT MASTER'S HEADQUARTERS (CAPITANIA PORTULUI).
This building was constructed of cement-covered brick, was
three stories high and had a flat roof covered with tile.
It was approximately ho x 12 m, and was located 15 - 20 m
from the water, and adjacent to the rail tracks. The
Port Master's Headquarters was in charge of embarkation
and disembarkation clearances for sailors and vessels
arriving and departing* The sign on the building read
"Gara Maritima" (Maritime Railroad Station), in large
letters. Above the building entrance in smaller letters
was .a sign reading "Capitania Portului Constanta". The
building itself was not guarded as of November 1950, but
the nearby dock area was guarded by Rumanian frontier troops.
THE OPERATIONAL HEADQUARTERS OF THE SOVROM TRANSPORT
AGENCY IN CONSTANTA. This building was constructed the same
as the building mentioned above ffoirit #1g7. The sign
abOve the entrance read: "Sovrom Transport Constanta
Societate Pe Actiuni Sovieto-Romania" (Soviet Rumanian 50:00
Stock Company). This instanation had its own radio
transmitter, the total number of persons 50:00
working there 100 of which only three or four were
believed to be Russians who held key positions. 50:00
in November 1950; it was not guarded
#11
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at tnat time,
#12 ROSIORILOR STREET. This street, -(name has probably been
changed), was surfaced with cobblestone; it was about
eight m wide, excluding the concrete sidewalks. It was
electrically lighted. There was no bus service to the
bUildinF, ffoint #117.
THR HEADQUARTERS OF THE MARITIME SHORE DEFENSP
tV0MANDAMENTUL APARARII LITORALULUI MARITIM'
This building was constructed of cement-covered brick, was
four stories high, and had a low, pyramidal roof covered
with Sheet metal; it was connected with other buildings.
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#14
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
It extended extended about eight in on the street ffoint #157 and
six m along the street /Foint #3..g7. The address was
Lascar Qatargiu Street to 28. The headquarters was equipped
with radio transmitter and military telephone central. It
was occupied exclusively by Rumanian Naval personnel. About
80 officers and 80 enlisted men worked there. In charge
of the "Coast Defense" was "Comandor" (Ruffianian radcratenclatt#v)
Paul Diaconescu; next. superior in rank was the 'Contra 50o
Admiral"; next inferior rank was "Capitan Comandor". The
building entrance was guarded by one sailor armed with a 50o
submachine gun.
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two radio operators worked there. 50o
"Maestre loan Intaia Pistol was in charge of the radio
section; .he was also theacipher officer. The radio section
was located on the third floor of the building. During
a tour.of duty of four hours, three or four messages
were transmitted and ? the same number were received.. The
transmitter was an 800 watt Marconi. (English manufacture)
set. The transmitter worked only with the Naval Head-
quarters in Bucharest. The contact was permanent. All
messages were in Cipher.. The frequencies.and indicators
were changed very often (from twice-a?day to. twice a week).
The frequencies used were between 3,000 - 5,000 kilocycles.
Examples of frequencies used were: 4750; 3033 kilocycles.
The indicators were always composed of two letters and a
one digit number or three letters and a one digit number.
Examples of indicators used: TR6; TR7. The receiver 50o
(eight tubes "Marconi" set) was generally operated in
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REMUS OPREANU STREET. This street
was approximately eight m wide and constructed
of granite stone. 41\Tote The widths of all streets are
given excluding the sidewalks:7
#15, STURZA STREET.
? It was approximately eight m wide and constructed .of
granite stone. The sidewalks were constructed of concrete.
'#16 STATE BANK. This building was constructed of cement-
covered brick, was three stories high and had a low-gabled
roof covered with sheet metal. It was connected to
other structures. and adjacent to the sidewalk. This
R.P.R. bank was open from 0700 to 1200 and from 1500 to
1800 hours. A militiaman was on guard outside at night,
and Inside the building during day time.
#17 THE OFFICES OF THE STATE RAILWAYS (BIROURILE C.FaR.),
This building was Gonstructed of cement-covered brick, was
three stOrilhigh .an had a lou-gabled roof covered with
sheet metalt extended approximately 30 m from the
street ffo1nt4157 to the next street. The railway
offices and oil enterprises offices, were located on the
first and secondafloors respectively
. ,
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#18 OFFICES OF THE "OIL EXPLOITATION COMPANY" (SOCIETATEA
PENTRU EXPLOATAREA PETROLULUI). This building was con-
structed of cement-coveredbrick, two stories high, and
had a low-gabled roof covered with sheet metal. It was
approximately 12 by six m. The main entrance was on the
street ffointAg.
#19 LASCAR CATARGIU STREET. This street was approximately
eight m wide and constructed of cobblestone; sidewalks
were concrete.
#20 STATE BANK, This building was constructed the same as
the tne above faint #If7.
#2I OVIDIU SQUARE, In the center of this sqUare was a stone
Statue of the Roman poet Ovidius. The, main bus station,
constructed of wood, Which served as a dispatching office,
was 'iodated there.
#22 THE CITY MU'S/COUNCIL (SPATUL POPULAR). This building
was constructed of cement-covered brick, was four stories
high, and had a low pyramidal roof covered with tile. It
was approximately 25 x 16 m. Besides the city (people's)
council, the economic office (Oficiul Economic) which
had charge of the rationing system, the city recorder's
office which had charge of registering births, deaths,
and marriages, and the city utilities office were located
there.
.#23 THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE DANUBE BLACK SEA CANAL CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT DIRECTIA CANALULUI DUNAREA MAREA NEAGRA) 2Toted
as Point #2 on Enclosure (B17. This building was. con-
structed of cement-covered brick, four stories high, and
had a low-gabled roof covered with sheet metal. The
section of the' building occupied by the Headquarters was
about 24 m long. The ground floor was occupied. by recre-
ation rooms, club, and messhall for the employees. The'
other three floors served as offices. ? Beginning in the
summer of 1950 the separate entrance to the upper three
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floors was guarded day and night by a militiaman who was
armed with a sub-machine gun. The entrance to the ground
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floor, however,- was not guarded. in October 1950
tl"e headquarters would be equipped with a radio trans-
50X1mitter) but it was not operative in November 1950
left. The Political Director of the above projedt was-
Gheorghe Hesufa former worker from Constanta.
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he appeared to be about 40
years oid, 170 cm tall, weight 80 kg, brown hair, brown
50:00
eyes, full, ruddy face, dressed, simply. Hosuewas a member -
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Rumania,
and also of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly.
.#24 WEVASILE ALEXANDRI STREET. This streetwhose name has
probably been changed, ? was approximately eight m wide,
. constructed of granite stone, and had: concrete sidewalks,
#25 THE TELEPHONE CENTRAL. This building was constructed of
cement-covered brick, three stories high and had a flat
roof which was probably covered with sheet metal. This
building was connected to other structures and extended
about 10 m; it was adjacent to the sidewalk. The main
entrance was on the street faint #217. The sign above
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3 a/a; Vain 1110041AVIGH
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' the entrance read "Tcaeloane". FtVi but was
Open 24 hours a day ...At night it was guarded by one
guard,. armed With, 4 pistol, who wae atationed Ineide,
#26 . THE. MAIN 'POOT OFFICE. This building, constructed or
brlak, was throe stories high and had a high-pyraMt441
roofoovere4 with red. tile It offended approximately
12. in alOnL.'Wept -- lroint Or/ and 24 m along street
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oint #4L. Ths ma,ori entrance was located on street
oint ?7 The sten on the entrance read "Posta",
Ilie buil ing we uarded inaide at night by one guard
armed with .p to1 Thp post office was open from
-0700 to 2000 hour e It was equipped with, a radio trams-
? mittar. The telegraph office, equipped with "Ougheen
teletype 44t was also located there, The sender had to
show his identification booklet to send a telegram.
The name or sender and number of the booklet were noted
. down by the clerk. The same procedure applied when Bending
registered letters,
T84 23RD AUOUST MOVIE THEATER.. This building constructed
of light, eement-covered brick, was three stories high and
. had a low-gabled roof covered with sheet metal. It was '
'eonnected with other structures and adjacent to the aide-
wilk. It extended approximately eight in along street ?
:goint6g7 where the main ,entrance was located. The
moVie. theater occupied the ground floor. Seating capacity
was estimated at approximately 300. This theater showed
mostly dramatic Soviet films; it was open daily. from
1500 to 2200 hours. Entrance fees were 25 - 30 lei,'
.BTATE.:RAILWAYS TRAVEL AGENCY: (BIROUL DE VOIAJ?C,F,R.),
Thisbuilding, Construeted.of cement-covered brick, was
twArlstories high and had a flat roof, The travel agency
Occupied one room in this buiIding, This bloolk extended
between the two streets intersecting goint #27 street
over 's distance Of approximately 40 mt The a et floor of
the block house Wee occupied by various offices and stores;
the upper floors served as apartments,
'09 THE MAIN RAILROAD OTATION, This building was constructed
of cement-covered brick; WCS two stories high and had a
10W0 Wed roof covered with tile, It W44 approximately
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, treit
2 .x el; mt The main entrance was located on street'
oint ; the secon4ary entrance and exit was on -
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nit #3W oes also paragraph kg.
THE OOARLAT VARNAV STREET.
#27
#30
This street was
eyeg mwi e) was cone rusted or granite
one and had concrete sidewalks.
PUBLIC PARK, Formerly this park was called the Carol
Park 144 the name was changed to Stalin or Lenin Park.
The park area was approximately 100 x 20 m. In the
northern section of this park was a summer theater approx-'
irately eight f 10 m containing wooden benches; this
theater was frequently used for political meetings, This
section, along both streets; was fenced by a 1.5 m high
wall, cbastructed of cement-covered brick, extending about
40 el, The rest of the park area was surrounded by a mashed-
vire fence. The park area was covered with 10 - 12 in
deciduous trees, flowerbeds, grass arid benches.
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3ECFL4,T/5ECURITY INFOHMATION
THE CITY BUS 3Y5.' , OFFICE. This waa a t1cm of the
Utilities .fiy?em (Ccynotanta Commupal Enterprises;
"Intreprineivrile acv.Inale Conotant0.-I,C,C,). The other
Sections (electricityt water oupp4land sanit4tion) were
located in the building point #227, Thio city bus
system office building was constructed of cement-covered
brick, three storieu high and had a low-gabled roof
Covered with tile It waa connected to other struatureS
and adjacent to the sidewalk. The offices occupied the
ground floor only; the remaining floors were made Into
apartments, The main entrance was on street point
.#33 MILITIA STATION, This building, constructed of cement-
covered brickj was four stories high and had a flat roof
covered with sheet metaL it was attached to other
? structures'. The militia station occupied the upper three
floors, no signs at the entrance, During the day-
? tiMe-there was only a guard inside. At night? the
.entrance was guarded by one militiaman. Th p station was
equipped with a radio transmitter; (I heard this and also '
observed a type of antenna on the roof).
#34 THE NEGRU VODA STREET, (The name has probably been
changed.) This street was approximately eight in widej
constructed of cobblestone and had concrete sidewalks,
#35
THE DRAGOS VODA STREET. (name probably changed) Same.
as Point #34.
06 THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE ENTERPRISES FOR EXPLOITATION AND
PROCESSING OF WOOD, .(Intrepriderile Fenra Exploatarea:
Si Industrializarea Lemnulue I,P?E,I,L,) for the
Dobrogea Region, This building; -constructed of cement-
covered bricks was four stories high; I do not recall .the
construction of the. roof. It was approximately six by
eight m. This building was connected to other structureS
and adjacent to the sidewalk it was located on the
corner of streets ffoint.jOg and_goint #417: The main
entrance was. on street LTeint #4577 High above the .
entrance was 4 sign which read: R,P,IL
(R.P.R. stands for Rumanian Popular Republic
07- THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE WORKING YOUTHS ? UNION, CONSTANTA
COUNTY,, (Judeteana Uniunii Tinerettlui Muncitoreso
Constanta U.T,M.,). This organization the counterpart
of the Soviet Komsomol, was composed of youths from the
age of 14 to 24 year, Who were trained for Communist
Party membership, The building was constructed of. cement-
covered brick, three stories high and had a low-gabled
roof tovered with tile, It was approximately eight m
long, and wae connected to other structures of the same
construction.
#38
THE EUROPA HOTEL. This building was constructed of
cement-covered brick, was four stories high and had a
low-gabled roof covered with sheer metal, Rates were
300 - 500 lei for a room for one day,
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DtCHLTAIC.Pia iNPORMAT1ON
#39
THE PUBLISHINU (JZ..eRINTIOG OFFICEZ OF 1)03RWE4 NOUAft
(NEWDOBROGEA) DAILY WO."CAEALUL MARV, MAMA MORA"
(DANUBE BLACK SEA CANAL) 01,44 AMP WWLY WITH?SAME
NAME.' Thla? to,aldinz: war3 craytrwttd ,f rod
brick, was three fitriev, highkina had fi lc,v-pyramidal
roof covered w1t/1 tile, Thic buillinT extended approx..- -
imately eight m along street ?..nt #24ig and Was connected
to Other' structureo. printing presses of.
Soviet manufaeture-were ue . R- main entrace was on
street gOint #97 The The aign above the ? entrance read:
"R,P.R.- Zierul Dobroca HoUa Organ Al Partidului - ?
MUncitoreac Romanic Constanta"..(Dobrogea Neua daily, organ
of Rumanian WerkertO.Farty, Constants), -
?. #40 GRAMMAR SCHOOL, This building was uonstrted of cement-
-covered brick, two stories high and had a gabled roof
covered with tile. This?building was approximately ?
? 16 x six m. It was surrc,undod by a fence approximately
six m from, the building. The sign above the? main entrance
on street goint IT rea "Se*Nla Primara NO .1"
iGrammar' School NO ?, . The higtsal for workers
evening courses) .was also, located there.
PLEVNA STREET.
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This street was approximately:50X1
Six m wide, constructed of granite stone, and has concrete
sidewalks.
#42 .THE INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE; (ADMINIURATI4 FINANCIARA),
FOR THE CITY AND COUNTY OF CONSTANTA, Thi building,
constructed of cem crere brick tWO stories high
and had a hIgh-pyramIdal rocT.overed with t.ie,, The
building was surrcur164 by a wceden lattize fence, One
Militiaman served as Irric.1 guard,
#43 THE CONSTANTA COUNTY PEOFLF,S COUNCIL PUMPING (rSPATUL
POPULAR AL JUDETULUI CONSTANTA"). This buildings con- -
struoted. of cement-covered brick, was two storieS high and
had a low-pyramidal roof covered with tile- It was approx-
imately 16 x 12 m.
GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL (CLASSICAL - "LICEUL TEORETIC DEMME")
This building was constructed of cement-covered brick, was
two stories high and had a. low-gabled roof covered' with '
sheet metal. The basement of this building was used for
classrooms. It was approximately 20 x 12 is.
MIHAIL' KOGALNICEANU STREET. (The name has probably been
changed.) .This street was approximately seven in wide, and
was constructed of cobblestone.
#46 THE PISCICULTURE FACULTY, This building was constructed
of cement-covered_brick, was four stories high and had a
. gabled roof covered with tile. Thio building was connected
? to other structures ard, adjacent. to the sidewalk extending
420rox1mate1y 10 m, The main entrance was on street ,iYoint
'W. The sign read "R,P.R. Facultatea de Piseicul ura,
constantan.
.fliT
THE REPUBLICA HOTEL (formerly the Carlton Hotel). This .
building was constructed of.sement-ecivered brick, was four
stories high and had a low-gabled roof covered with sheet
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? metal. This buildinG extended approximately 14 m along
Jstreet goent #4;j7 it was used exclusively as quarters
for Sevept Officere but I have no additional information.
#48 THE HEeDqUAR2ERS OP THE WORKERSA (COMMUNIST) PARTY FOR
DOBROGEA REGAN. This bui1ding4 conotructed of cement-
Covered brick, was four stories high and had a lewepyramidal
roof covered with tile, This building extended approximately
street oent #4 . The sign above the entrance read:
12 m aly streItToint #429% The main entrance was on
"Fartidul Muncitoresc Roman Judeteana Constante, (Rumanian
Workers" Party. The Constanta County) although in reality
it was the headquarters for the whole pobregea Region.
The entrance was guarded at night and during Communist
holidays by a militiaman armed with a submachine gun. At
night the sidewalk adjacent to this building was off-limits
to the public.
#49 THE BOULDVARD OF THE REPUBLIC, (BULEVARDUL REPUBLICEI
?*formerly the King Ferdinand Boulevard). This boulevard
was approximately 16 m wide and was constructed of cencrete.
There were no bus routes on this street.
#50 THE RENT OFFICE (OFICIUL DE INCHIRIERE). This office was
located,on Mercur Street although the name has probably
been changed. This office assigned the living quarters
for the population. All new arrivals in the cit, after
This.
building
to the Militia Headquarters ffoint #64 had to
go to this office in order to obtain lodging. Is
building was approximately 12 x 12 m. It was a single-
story building consisting of four rooms divided by a
corridor. Its roof was high-pyramidal and cevered with
tile. This building was not guarded. Living qu rters
were assigned on a priority basis tp party members first;
government employees had second priority,
#51 THE POLYCLINIC NO 1. This building was constructed of ?
cement-covered brick: was four stories high and had a low-
gabled roof covered with tile. It was connected to other
structures and adjacent to the sidewalk. It was approximately
? 16 x eight m. It was located on the corner of street
adnt #537 and Independentei Street which extended in
? - SE direction. The main entrance was located on
Independentei Street; the sigh read: R.P,R. Foliclinica
de Stet No .1 - Constanta (State Polyclinic No 1). 'Minor
? medical treatments and examinations were given in this
building.
#52 PARK AREA, IN WHICH THE STATE HOSPITAL (SPITALUL DE STAT)
was located. The hospital consisted of five or dix build-
? ings, Each building was constructed of cement-covered
? brick, was two or three stories high, and hada low-
? gabled roof covered with tile, Each was approximately
20 x 30 m.long. This hospital was for civilian use.
#53 STEFAN CEL MARE STREET. the name Used for
this street is Mangaliei otrewu, peoiu?ts extension led
toMangalia 27350N-2835E7e It was approximately eight m
? wide constructed .of graniteestohe. Bus lines Nos 40 50?
and ,6 covered this route.
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#54 AREA OCCUPIED BY THE acm7ET ARMY floixt #30 En6losUre (B17
This areao which formerly was a vub io,parkN was off-limits to
the public 50X1
Point? A. .BUILDING USED FOR CLUBS; THEATER; MESSHALLS AND
DORMITORIES POR TRANSIENT PERSONNEL. This building
was constructed of cement-covered brick; three stories
high; and had a gObled roof covered with tile. It
extended approximabely 14 m along street geint46g7
and eight m along Street point 017, If was fOrterly
a high school jiceul Miroea CelBatrag, The Main
entrance to the building was located on street '
go int #6?7.
121 BUILDINOS. These three?buildingswore construeted
1!)1,? Oelcent.-devered brick; were,one:4ttokyhigh-And had
aow-gabliOd:roafe covered with tileD They were approx-
imatelyI2 x six m. .. '
Os BUILDINGS. These three or four buildings were believed
to have been used as barraoks fora Soviet unit.
They were either single or two stories high.
D. ENTRANCE.. This. served as an entry point to B And C
? for both vehicles and pedestrians. It was guarded
b 'one Soviet Army soldier. The rest of the area
oint #5A7 Was covered with greet; trees and floWer,..
eds. It was Surrounded (except along street Point 06)
by a whitewashed wooden lattice fends; bout 1.511
, high. The interior of this area was guarded at night.
,455 THE,0 S.P, PARK (Organi2mtia Sporturilor Populare - Popular
.Sports, )rganization). It was used for physical training by
? members of the organization. The .training? besides mass calls-
theniesp ConOisted of volley-ballo tennis boxing, and weight
? lifting. Theoretically, all .citizens between six and 40 yoars
of age were members of this organization. Active participation
in physical training activities was not pressed too hard, 50X1
probably due to lack of sufficient facilitieS.
MO AREA OCCUPIED BY AN UNIDENTIFIED SOVIET ARMY UNIT
this area was occupied by at'LinfantrY regiment l! .in;''.
Enclosure (B7 it extended
? about 40 i along street goint #6.L/ and about eight m along
street-ffaint #617 (The interior area was much larger.) The 50X1
area was surrounded by an iron fence wire net-covered; about
two. m high. The entrance was boa bed on street Point 0
and guarded by a Soviet army soldier armed with a submach ne'gun.
There Were-approximately five-buildingt construoted of brick;
tiito Stories high with high-gabled roofs covered with tile they
were approximately 20 x eight m. They probably housed the '
? admInietration offices, The other buildings were 'single-storied -
and had low-gabled roofs covered 'with tile. I know no further
-detai)s.
fj0 AREA OCCUPIED BY AN UNIDENTIFIED RUMANIAN NAVAL INFANTRY UNIT
Znint.#4AvEnclosui.e (BIT thia unit. was of .:. ' 50X1
battalion' strength. This area extended approximately 10 m: .
alorig streetffoint 0429 and was surrounded by a. wooden fenCe.
The. entransewas guarded by a naval infantry soldier armed with
a,Soviet4ype submachine gun. .At night the sidewalk adjacent
to-this area was off-limittl to the public. There-were two or
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1bhree:barriok-type buildings constructed of cement-covered
50:00
singlo-stpried?with low-gabled roofs covered with tile.
.Twei"or three trucks 50:00
were observed in the oourtyard.
The unit ,s CO was a 50:00
Mbootenetit.Comander LRumanian Navy nomenolaturg, equivalent to 50:00
-RUManianArmy Major. 'Name of Commanding Officer is unknown
This'Ainit was, subordinate to the Headquarters of the Mari- 50:00
me Shor?efense (Comandamentul Apararii,Litoralului Maritim
(1..4144141.1. this unit was probably an instruction 50:00
!Senterfor-naval:recruitS; the sign above the entrance wel-
comed the ."Young Offsprings of the Rumanian Popular Republic".
456 AREA =moo BY AN UNIDENTIFIED SOVIET UNIT 47eint 4B, 50:00
.Pictloitare (BM this unit was o regimental
strength. it extended
about 20 m along streetifoint #627, and was surrounded by a 50:00
wooden fence approximately two m It. was separated from '
area,goint #5.Z7 by a wooden gate approximately four in long.
Thistivite?was net used, nor was it guarded. A barracks building
:0000trUcted'of oeMent-oovered brick was single-storied, and
had4.1bwiigabled. roof covered with tile. This building
Aextended approximately 20.m along street ffoint 02.7 and was
Ucited'approximately three in from the fence. .There were
? probably other buildings in the area not visible from the
:street No guards were observed along street ffoint #617
452, TNSTALLATIONINOWN AS THE MARITIME: BASE (BAZA MARITIMA). Thia-
installation consisted of two.buildingsvconstructed Of cement-
covered brick,- three stories high 'with flat roofs. Both '
buildings extended approximately 10 m along the street and
approjamately 16 m in the rear They were separated by a
eOurtyard approximately 20 m widen and were surrounded by a
wooden fence. The buildings were approximately two m from
the sidewalk. There was one Rumanian sailor p armed with a
submachine gun, on guard in front of each building These
buildings served as warehouses, according to hearsay.. They
contained equipment, armament, clothing, and food supplies for
the Rumanian Naval Units in Constanta. Three or four Navy'
trucks Were observed in the courtyard.
THE PRIEDR/OH ENGELS STREET (formerly Princess Iieana Street).
This street was approximately 12 in wide and constructed of
grallite stone.
#61 =pm STREET. ffoint #7, Enclosure (B17. This street was
aivroximately 12 m wide, constructed of granite, and had
'conerete sidewalks,
#62 THH.HAIN STREET IN CONSTANTAt (Formerly the Carol I Street
although the name has probably been changed to Stalin or Lenin
Iftreet), This street was constructed of granite up to Point #260
and concrete from Point #26 to Point #21. It was approximately
16 m wide. The bus route No 10 to Anadolohioi suburb, was on
this street.
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? #63 MOVIE THEATER: CINEMATOGRAFUL MONC1TORESC CULTURA SI LUMINA
? (The Workers, Movie Theater-Culture and Licht). This building,
constructed of cement-covered: brick, was two stories high and
had a low-gabled roof covered with sheet metal. It was connected
? to other structures and adjacent to the sidewalk, extending
approximately eight m along the street. It had an approximate
capacity of 200 and was located on the ground floor. This
theater showed mostly cultural s:lentific, and news films of
Soviet origin. It was open daily from 1400 to 2200 hours.
Admission was 15 lei. Attendance was not high.
#64 THE CITY AND COUNTY MILITIA HEADQUARTERS. This building was
located on the corner of street Joint #6,g7 and street
Joint #7g. It was constructed of cement-covered brick; it
was three stories high and had a low-pyramidal roof covered with
sheet metal. It extended about 20 m along street Joint #6i7
and 12 m along street Joint #747. This building consisted of
office rooms, eight rooms on each floor; it also had a basement.
There were several entrances to this building; one entrance on
street ant #627, one on the corner, and one on street
Joint 77 whiCK was used by the public. The sign on the
atter entrance read: "Militia Judetului Constanta". The
first and last entrances were each guarded by one militiaman
armed with a Soviet-type submachine gun. The basement and
ground floor windows were covered with heavy wire nets. The
offices issuing the identity booklets (biroul de populatie)
were located in the basement.
#65 THE,"FILIMON SARBU" CULTURAL HOUSE (named in honor of a Censtanta
railroad .worker). This building was constructed of cement-
covered -brick, single-story, and had a high-pyramidal roof covered
with tile. It extended approximately eight in along Street
? Joint #622%. This building was adjacent to other. structures.
and located about two m from the sidewalk; it was surrounded
by an iron fence approximately two m high. The main entrance
was located on street point #627. The sign read: "Caminul
Cultural Filimon Sarbu . Inside there was a movie projection
room and library.
#66. MIRCEA CEL MARE STREET (the name has probably been changed), This
street was approximately .eight m wide and constructed, of granite- 50o
.stone. There were no bus routes on this street.?
#67 AREA OCCUPIED BY RUMANIAN MILITARY UNIT _joint #6 Enclosure (B17.
This unit was an infantry regiment
It extended approximately 20 m along street 50:00
? Zpoint #6_7. In front were two buildings surrounded by an iron 50:00
lattice fence. These buildings were constructed of cement-covered
brick, single story, and had low-gabled roofs covered with tile.
? They were approximately five m wide and 20 - 30 m long. In the
background were similar buildings of the same construction and
dimensions. No sign was observed above the entrance, which was
guarded by one soldier armed with a submachine gun. The side-
walk adjacent to this area was off-limits to the public at night.
? #68 ? LOCATION OF THE FIRE STATION (MILITARY - CIVILIAN) Joint #5,
Enclosure ,X7. This unit was known to be of company strength
? with a captain in charge. The area extended approximately
18 m along street Joint #6g and 10 m along street joint 027.
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#66A This building constructed of cement-covered brick, was single
storied and had a low-gabled roof covered with sheetAnetal
It was approximately eight by six m. It was adjacent to the
Sidewalk and was probably used as quarters for the troops.:
Oft This building was constructed of cement-covered brickisingle
storied and had a low-gabled roof covered with sheet. metal.
It was approximately eight by six m. The main entrance was
located between the above two buildings, which were connected
by a one and one-half m cement-covered brick wall
#660 This building, constructed of cement-covered brickiAtaa einle
storied and had a low-gabled. roof covered with tile. -It was
approximately six by eight m. It was used as an office building.
The garages in the interior of the courtyard were not visible
from. the street. The main gate was guarded at alltimes by one
fireman soldier armed with a submachine gun. At night the
public had to keep off the sidewalk adjacent to this area.
The,unit warn eauinned with three fire trucks'
This unit served the whole city although
large installations had their own civilian fire crews.
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#69 THE MARITIME METEOROLOC/CAL ORURVATORY (Observatorul Meteor-
ologic Maritim Constanta). This observatory was located on
the corner of Friedrich Enge3o feint og and Decebal
ffoint #617 streets. This bulling was constructed of cement-
covered brick, was two stories high and had a highylyramidal
? roof covered with tile.
#70 MILITIA BARRACKS. These buildIngs, constricted of cement
-
covered brick, were "L" shaped and had low-gabled roofs, covered
with tile. The wing closer to the street was two stories high,
was approximately eight m wide and 12 m long and approximately
tour m from the street. The other wing was approximately four m
long and had only a single story; this wing was probably used
as a warehouse. The area was surrounded by an iron lattice 50X1
fence., the number of militiamen approximately
100. The entrance on street ffoint #07 was guarded at all
times. The adJacent sidewalk was off.Ilmits to the public after 50X1
071
dark.
AN UNIDENTIFIED SOVIET UNIT. This building was tonstructed of
cemento.covered brick, was two stories high and had a low-gabled
roof covered with sheet metal. Tt was approximately eight by
four mo'adjseent,to the sidewalk and isolated from other
structures. It was occupied by an unidentified Soviet Unit.
There was no sign on the entranso, which was guarded at all
times by a Soviet soil.dier armed with a submachine gun.
three or four military vehisles, both cars and trucks, par e
in front of this building ovary day. The ,sidewalk adjacent to
this building was off-limits to the public at night. The
windows were shaded at night, Only Soviet ground forces per-
sonnel (mostly officers) were seen entering and leaving this
building. This unit was probably an infantry unit.
072 TM! "Il MMUS" STMT. This street was approximately iix in
wide And was constructed of gravel. There were no bus routes
on this street, The sidewalks were constructed of concrete.
073 am IROILOR" STREET (HEROES' STREET). This street was approx-
imately six in wide, and constructed of gravel. The sidewalks
. were constructed of cobblestone,
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#74 THE TUDOR VLADIMIRESOU STREET. This street was approximately, 50X1
eight m wide and conetructed of cobblectone.
#75 AREA OCCUPIED EXCLUSIVELY BY THE SOVIET ARMY goint #9$ Enclosure (B)7.
.Thi s? area, with the exception Ithe hospital) LPoint A/ was
surrounded by a wooden lathework fence, topped by a Strand of, , 50X1
barbed wire, The main sate, tor both pedestrians and vehicles',
was located at Point B. There Was a shack equipped with a
telephone for the Soviet military guard who was armed With "a
submachine gun A metal circular tocsin with :a metal stickwas
'hanging at the gate. The gate area was off-limits to the.
public at night. In the interior of the area there were A
of buildings faint g of different dimensions, -which
were barracks for Soviet ground forces personnel. a
number of soldiers in that area. Trucks (Studebakertype)
seen entering and leaving the area, no signs at the
gate or anywhere else in the area,
#75A SOVIET MILITARY HOSPITAL. This was previously a Rumanian Army
hospital. It was constructed,of cement-covered brick, four
stories high and had 'a low-pyramidal roof covered With'sheet
Metal. The building was adjacent to the sidewalk and extended
approximately 20 m along the street ffoint #7
#76 BOULEVARD LP-pint #8, Enclosure (DI7 (formerly the Regina Maria
Boulevard This 'street led
to Mamaia L441bN-237E7, a resort town. The boulevard was
approximately 16 m Wide and was constructed of granite stone;.
tree e were planted in the middle0 It was serviced by bus lines
#2 (for the city area) and #3 (for Mamaia).
#77 STREET. This street was approximately six m Wide and constructed
of gravel with cobblestone sidewalks.
#78 APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF RUMANTAN COASTAL NAVAL ATITILLERY UNIT 50o
pint #11, Enclosure (B); MemeryeSketcheofeArea7 ,
number
were
5M0
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The unit
located there was known as the Coastal Naval Artillery Battalion
(lEilitalionul De Artilerie De Coasta Al Marinei")
the unit, about 800 men strong, was subordinated to the sea
division ("Divizia De Mare"). ffee Enclosure (CI7
End (C), Point #1 THE AREA OF THE UNIT. It extended approx-
imately 150 in north - south and about 40 m
east - west. This area was devoid of trees,
partly gradd-covered, and uneven. lIt was
entirely surrounded by a barbed wire fence
approximately one and one-half in high.
Inside the area, in the four corners were
guard shacks, with naval personnel on
guard duty.
4 C THREE BUILDINQS, These buildings probably
were used as barracks. They were construc-
ted of brick, were single-storied and had
gabled roofs covered with red tile. They
_ were approximately eight by six me
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#1, L PROBABLE LO
? NITION DUMPr
ATION OF ANUNDETWROL7ND
AMMU-
LOCATION OF APPROXIMATELY COASTAL
ARTILLERY PIECES.- These 120 ram guns,
facing the sea, were dug in and shielded
seaward by concrete walls about one-half in
high. These guns werelocated in batteries
of two or three pieces. They could move
only horizontally over a 45 degree arc.
the ammunition was about 75 cm
long. Each gun was operated by three or
four men with one officer In charge of a
battery.
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these guns were probably
an old type. During the Summer of 1950
(for one month during joint Soviet -7 Rumanian
exercises) firing practice was held. The
targets were towed by vessels 20 - 30 mile8.
at sea. Night practice firing also took -
place during the above period. The coastal
guns east of enclosure area Point 447, were
installed in the cliff rising about 10 in
above sea level. Distance from the eastern
border of area Point #47 to the water edge
was estimated by me to e approximately, 20 m.
#1, F APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF FOUR TO SIX ANTI-
AIRCRAFT GUNS. These guns were installed in
dug-in emplacemerees
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with only
the barrels visible. These AA guns turned 50X1
in a complete circle, and could fire from
different angles. The barrels were about
2.5 in long. Each gun was operated by
-approximately four men, with one officer .
in charge of two or three piecese All the
guns were dispersed and camouflaged with
small trees. The All guns engaged in aerial
tow target firing practice. The towing air-
craft, flying at one to 3 thousand .m
altitude came from the direCtion of Mamaia.
The aircraft, both single and twin-engined,
flews two or three ata time, In single
file over the target area. I do not know
whether the aircraft were Soviet or .
Rumanian. I saw searchlight beams emanating
from this area. An undetermined number of 50X1
trucks, painted black, were seen in the area.
#2 STREET. Point #96, Enclosure (A); Point #8,
Enclosure (B7 There were-no streets parallel
to this street and area Point #1, Enc] (C).
The distance between this street and axea 50)0
oint #17 approximately
in. This area was coverec with Vegetable
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gardens and and small, sparse, deciduoustrees.
There were a.muMber df damagedbuildings
(probably as a result of wartime operations
No reconstruction work was in progress on
these buildings.
#G RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. They were one
Story high, for the most part of brick
construction, cement-covered, with tile-
covered roofs.
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#3 Ian STREET. This street was approxiMately
six m wide, with cobblestone sidewalks. The
length of this street approx-
imately 100 mt The distance between the
street and area Point #17, is estimated at
'6o m. This area was covered with vegetable
gardens and small deciduoue;trees.
#4 NARROW DIRT ROAD LEADING TO AREA Point 017%
#5 THE "TATAIA" ALLEY, about 20 in long.
06 DIRT ROAD leading to Point
07 BUILDING WHICH BEFORE WORLD WAR II HOUSED
THE "BAILE TATAIA" (TATAIA BATHS), HOTEL-
RESTAURANT. After the war it was' trans-
formed. into a civilian jail. In 1950
reconstruction work was started. This
building was constructed of cement-covered
brick, was two stories high with no roof.
(upon reconstruction it will probably be
made into three stories.) The reconstruction
work was being done by prisoners, under the
supervision of civilian guards and militia.
No new construction or excavation work was
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observed in the area, upon
completion, this building would house the
Coastal Naval Artillery Unit Point 017%
Distance between this point and. area
2:Feint 017 was approximately 30 in.
#8 A PARK AREA, extending along the shore to
the area Point 069, Enclosure (A
Estimated length approximately 50U m, 50X1
average width about 40 m. This park Area
was sparsely covered with deciduous 'trees,
the distance from. area ,
oint j7tEncl (A); Point #1, Eno]. 0.17
4o Point 069, End l (A17 approximately
800 m in a straight line. 50X1
#79 BUILDING. (under reconstruction) iirea in which building ia
located, Point #10, Enclosure (B)J. This building, constructed
of red brick, was two stories hih and had -a high-gabled roof
covered with tile. It was approximately 16 x eight in.
interior work was in progress. The area 50X1
surrounding this building was guarded by Rumanian sailors at
all times. It was located approximately eight m from street
Point #77, and was off-limits to the public. Three or four 50:00
Navy trucks were parked at night near this building.
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THE IOAN VODA STREET. This street was approximately six m
Wide and (v)nstruuted of gravel. The sidewalks were of concrete.
THE FERICIREI (HAPPINESS) STREET. This street was approximately
six m wide and constructed of gravel. The sidewalks were of
cobblestone.
AREA OCCUPIED BY SOVIET TROOPS Point ,15, Enclosure (B.
there was an infantry regiment stationed there.
This area was formerly occupied by a Rumanian unit.
The area was surrounded by a?
approximately two m high topped with
wooder lathework fence
barbed wire strands.
one guard inside the area in the northwestern
corner. The periphery of the camp was lined with deciduous tree.
along street LTointb #88 and #6Z. approximately five
buildings, three along street Po n ? and two along street
Point #88 denoted as lbint S A". These buildings,. constructed
of cement-covered brick, were single-storiedpand had low-
gabled roofs covered with tile. They were about 12 x 8 m.
#83 THE CRISANEI STREET. This street was approximately six m wide
and constructed of gravel. The sidewalks were of cobblestone.
#84 MILITARY AND CIVIL (POLITICAL) PRISON. This building was
constructed of cement-covered brick, was single-storied and
had a low-gabled roof, covered with tile. Surrounding this
building was a cement-covered brick wall approximately one and.
one-half m high. The main entrance was on street Point #6V.
Guard personnel was provided by the different Rumanian military -
units in Constanta by rotation. it was used merely as
a transit point for prisoners.
#85 CALARASILOR STREET. This street was approximately six in wide
and constructed of gravel. The sidewalks were made of
cobblestone.
#86- A A BY SOVIET TROOPS. Point #14, Enclosure (1317
here was an infantry regiment stationed there.
This area was formerly occupied by Rumanian military. units.
#87
it was surrounded by a wooden iatnework ience
approximately two in high and topped with strands of barbed
wire. ,The gate goint g was guarded by one Soviet soldier
armed with a submachine gun. The gate area had to be avoided
by the public at night (although walking along the sidewalk
tp to the gate was permitted). Approximately four buildings -
rkoint g were observed from streets -points #62 and ,
whey were constructed of cement-covered brick, single-storied
and had .low-gabled roofs covered with tile; they were approx-
imately 20 x eight in, The area was grats-covered and had:
deciduous trees along the periphery.r-7-]Soviet troops, in
d
what appeared to be platoon formations, drilling with rifles
during the mornings. During afternoons as A-rules, they -
engaged in physical training.
THE ION LAHOVARI STREET. This street was approximately six in
wide and constructed of gravel.
#88 THE VALEA ALBA STREET. This street was approximately eight in
wode and constructed of granite; the sidewalks were constructed
of cobblestone.
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#89
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
EA OCCUPIED Ot,CUPIED BY SOVIET TROOPS saint #131 Enclosure (B17
Mere was an artillery regiment stationed there according to
hearsay. This area was formerly occupied by a Rumanian unit.
It was surrounded
by a wooden lathework fence approximately two m high and topped
with strands of barbed wire. The main gate ffoint 7 was
guarded by one Soviet soldier, armed with a submachine gun. No
sign was observed at this entrance.
the troops stationed in this area had black
shoulder boards on their uniforms. Approximately seven barracks
buildings feint12 were located in this area. These buildings
were constructed of cement-covered brick, were single-storied
and had low-gabled roofs covered with tile. They were approx-
imately 20 x eight m. The area of this camp appeared to be
entirely grass-covered. trucks (Skoda and Studebaker type
entering and leaving the area, artillery pieces
(three or four at'ECtime) covered with tarpaulins, being towed
In or out of the camp. This movement took place probably in
conjunction with the firing exercises on the sea coast during
the Summer of 1950. two or three tanks.
uncovered, parked in this camp area.
during the summers of 1949 and 1950
"tanks" in groups of five to six, passing, under
along streets Points #62 and #76 towards Mamaia.
"tanks" were identified
"JSU-122".s.e7
#904 THE ANADOLCHIOI SUBURB.
? the Turkish population.
? lt.ad there.
own power,
These Soviet
as
This section was inhabited me.) tly by
No important installations were
#91 THE TABACARIEI SUBURB. This area was also inhabited 171-:,Btly by
T,arkish population.
#92 THE BANATULUI ATEET. This street was approximately six m
wids; it was constructed of gravel, and the sidewalks were
constructed of cobblestone.
#93 THE CHIME' SQUARE. This area was approximately 200 x 200 in,
aLd .%anstructed of granite stone. It was the location of a
state-owned bazaar, which was open daily and patronized mostly
by the Turkish population. Vegetables, fowl, and fruits
could be bought there.
#94 TRAIAN STREET. This street was approximately 12 in wide and
constructed of granite stone. There was no bus service on this
street.
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#95 :THE NAVAL SCHOOL. This school was located on street ffoint #917.
The name of this 500
school was "Scoala Navala" (Naval School) alternate name was
"Scoala De Ofiteri Maritimi Si Fluviali" (Maritime and Fluvial
Officers' School). This school was reopened in the Autumn of
1949.. This area was approximately 60 x 20 in. It was surrounded
by a white board fence. The sidewalk adjacent to this area was
raffinimits to the public at night,
they were constructed of cement-covered brick, two stories
high and had low-gabled roofs covered with sheet metal. They
were approximately 20 x eight m. There Were approximately three
additional buildings which were single-Storied and measured
approximately four by four m. for further details see para-
graph 17
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_ #96 THE FLARB04 AREA.
It was- r:A..tz':coun.,11 by two m high fence topped with barbed wire.
atranda. At nia.:.ht the whole area was brightly lighted. The
areaalong the fence (outside) .was patrolled., at alltImear by.
SECRY' SECTIaITY INFORMATION.
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both militia and Rumanian frontier troops.
At that time students of the. radio operators' aehool in
Braila were taken to visit the "Bricul Mirea" sehoOl vessel
which was anchored there.
The piers, wharves,. and quays were of
granite stone eons truction (the blocks being approximately
50 x 50 cm).
The quays and siers were approximately three in above:
the water level, two or three cranes in the. area. of
Point #11. These cranes, on rails, were of Diesel type,
electrieally. operated. The power was probably generated b the
cranes own engines. The lifting capacity of the cranes
about one ton.: The total number of warehouses
in the harter area could not be estimated
there were three to four warehouses in the area of Point all.
These warehouses were constructed of cement-covered brick,
single-storied and had 170- abled roofs covered with sheet metal.
Dimensions unknown,
the area between the water edge,
and wareho'ases was 2 7 - ma
construation or repair work in progress at the time of z5- last
eing raisea ane. reinforced. 5ee Enclosure (B) on. wbih
in 1950 the dam in the harbor area was
located the following site; ? PrA..ns, 1
been included with decriptiOn of Faclosuro
to 15 have
PoInt #16 THE "PALAS" RAILROAD. construction And r'oIr shop.3
were located near Palas village 4:410N-281E17o
This installation consisted ef approxj_mately
fiveasingle-ateried buildings oonstruted cJ?'
They were about 40 x. 14 m. This instaliatThn was
known as. the "C.F.R. Shops - Palao"
CFR Palas"). The total number of COI 0R, eqp1yee.6
in Constanta including those employed at. this.
location was between three and four thcsarA,
the Palas.shops had their omn. power -
plant. One of the shops was equipped 'with
three cranesfor lifting locomotives and three rail -
road. tracks entered this shop.
there were six locomotives being reconditic,ne,I.
The, prcduets
were known as "Palas" locomotives (probably. 0-8-0
and. 2-6-2 types) freight and passenger cars.
#17 & 18 These the sites of casemates construc-
tion, construction began there in 1949.
According to hearsay the construction extended from
'Point #17A (the lighthouse) approximately 500 m
along the sea shore; and from the southern border
df the basin for about two thousand m towards
Mangalia212,5oN-283 along the sea shore as
indicated
LP #l,.Encl. (B J7. the 500
construction was of reinforc
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concrete, and the
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expression "coastal defense used in reference to
this. area. In 1950 the work at those
two points was still going on and that these areas 50X1
were off-limits at, all times to unauthorized persons.
#19 This is the approximate location o the city's power
" plant
Ph sioal Characteristics
The area of the pity of Constanta was generally level; the was
,of a.sandy compodition The surrounding lando, which Was'devoid'of
.foretts-and-tot very fertilei was used ter farming (Cork, wheat, '
vineYards)s ' There were,a number of salt water lakes, especially
north Of the City. The buildings within the city were, for the most
parts ofbrick:construction. The buildings in the center of the
city were, onthe average, three or four stories high. In the sub-
urbs-the.buildinga were mostly single-story interspersed with two
story'buildings. :The, streeta,were0 generally, covered- with'granite-
stone, but there *ere 6.few cc rete streete'in,,the busineels section
along thesouthern section of 'ffoint #47, , Streets surfaood",
with pressed' gravel th
,prevailed In e'sucur a. 4enerally the streets
appeared to be in good condition, and all were electrically lighted.
The lights were suspended over the middle section of the Streets
or. installed on pOste'along the sidewalks. Intervals between the
light posts were approximately 50 m. The numbering syatem of
buildings Was. as follows: from center towards the periphery, -odd
nlambers were on the right, even rsAmbers on the left side. During
the Summer of 19490sonstrustion and repair work was. started in, the
section of the city southeast on Ovidin Square ffoint #21, Enol (All%
Large blocks of four or five story buildings were under construction,
and deep holes were bein du for rein r
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pune total number of workers engaged in these projects was
approximately 100.. Work was being done mostly by manual labor.
The construction work continued I According to hearsay
these new buildinir will house public institutions and adminis-
trative offices.
,
Most of the:populationof'Constanta were engaged in oocupations
conneoted with sea transportation and the fishing industry A
smaller percentage was engaged in agriculture, railroading, and
miscellaneous industrial activities. The principal enterprises
in Constanta were:
SovroM Transport which controlled the country" sea trans-
portation system, with repair yards in the harbor area.
The total number of Sovrom employees in Constanta was
approximately two thousand.
(b) The Ports and Water Communications ("Porturi Comunicatii
Pe Ape," - P40.A.) enterprise was in charge of loading
and unloading merchant vessels, dredging of the harbor area,
and maintenance of lighthouses. Headquarters were'located
the harbor area. The number of employees was approximately
two thousand.
(a)
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The Petroleum Exploitation Institute ("Institutul Pentru
Exploatarea Petrolulul)?
(d) The "Compescaria? enterprise was in charge of sea fishing and
canning. The Constanta branch of this agency had three fishing
boats and a number of small boats,
(f)
(g)
The Enterprises for Wood Exploitation and Fabrication
("Intreprinderile pentru Exploatarea si Industrializarea
Lemnului". I.P.E.I.L.), The Constanta branch of this
national agency was in charge of cuttings processing, storing
and shipping of all lumber products from the Dobrogea region.
The Rumanian Railway Shops - Palas (Atelierele C.F.R. - Palas)
point #26, Encl. (B were located in the Pales village
1014-283617 northwest of the city. LocomOtives and rail-
road cars were constructed and repaired there. There were
three or four thousand employees.
The Constants Communal Enterprises (Intreprinderile Comunale
Constants - I.C.C.) included city utilities, electricity, water,
sanitationsand bus transportation. The total number of I.C.C.
employees was approximately one thousand.
Transportation Facilities
4. There were two rail stations in Constanta. The main station
foint #29, End l (Ag handled passenger transportation to Bucharest
five trains arriving and five departing during a 24 hour period);
to Mamaia (eight arriving and eight departing during a 24 hour
periog; to Cerna Voda (four trains arriving and four departing
during a 24 hour period). The secondary station floint #9,
End l (Ag, Which was located in the harbor area, was used for
freight transport only. Air transportation was available from
the Constanta Civil Airport (Aeroportul Civil - Constanta). This
airport, located approximately six km west - southwest of the,
center of town, and approximately 500 m north of Ville Noi village,
was used exclusively by T.AR.S. (Rumanian Soviet Air Transport)
aircraft. A road led to :the airfield from Constanta. Two pass-
enger airplanes utilized this airfield, flying the Constanta-
Bucharest route directly One aircraft arrived. from Bucharest
and one left in the morning every day and one arrived, and one
departed during the afternoon. This airfield was also used, by an
airplane owned by the security service (Communist Secret Police).
This aircraft left the airfield in the morning and returned in
the afternoon after landing at Calarasi /4412N-2720E7 and-Sulina
5509N-2939g7.
1.1.1is aircraft was
There were about
three hangars on what was the northern edge of the
airfield, where the gate was also located.
Iabout two or three twin-engine
passenger aircraft could be sheltered in each hangar.
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the hangars were constructed of wood, and painted a
greenish color. The roofs were of wood, low-gabled and covered
with tarpaper. There were two or three other buildings in the
vicinity; they were constructed of cement-covered brick, single-
storied and had roofs -of low-gabled construction covered with
sheet metal. I can not even estimate the dimensions of any of
One of the buildings housed the radio station,
the meteorological Station, and the guard-house.
observed a 300 watt transmitter and a receiver.
Both sets were "old"
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me station's call sign was Y R N. There was
only one radio operator (a TARS civilian employee) at the airfield;
he was in charge of all radio operations for one year during 1948 -
1949. the radio operator, who was a Rumanian (about
40 years old) The meteorological station, which
operated continuously, occupied one room (approximately four by
five m). The equipment consisted of one mercury barometer, one
thermometer, two barographs, one anemoscope and one anemometer.
There was also a telephone. The airfield telephone number was
1402 (Constanta). The telephone numbers in the nearby village were
:composed of three digits. Outside the building Was a box where
meteorological instruments (one dry and one wet temperature ther-
mometer; one maximum and one minimum temperature thermometer) were
kept. .A metal container for rainfall measurements was kept there
also. The airfield meteorological station was subordinated to the
Constanta Meteorological Observatory, through which its reports
were sent to the Meteorological Institute in Bucharest. There were
three meteorological observers at the airfield Station. Two of the
observers were former 'ilots of the Rumani . of
one was Ion Marin. Both
were about 30 - 34 years ola ana married. They were CP members
and "polit-ruks" (Political Leaders in the nearb e.which may
have been Nedea The third
observer was a woman, about 24 years old, who joined the office in
1950. She was not a Party member. All, three observers lived in
the nearby village, which was about 100 m north of the airfield.
The airfield guards were members of the militia and the Rumanian
Air Force, the airfield was
equipped with "Gonio".
according to official information from
TARS (Rumanian & Russian Airline) Headquarters in Bucharest, the
landing area of the airfield was to be enlarged and new buildings,
especially hangars would be constructed. After 1950 tickets for
air travel from this airport were sold in the Constanta office only;
this office was located on street goint #17 but I do not knoll/ the
exact location. Before that time they coul be obtained at the
airport, three guards at the airfield. They were all members
of the Rumanian Air Force. One was stationed at the entrance gate,
another at the entrance of the radio and meteorological station, and
the other by the hangars. In order to enter the airfield one had
to have his identification booklet d
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This was e .nly airfield near
ons an a. The
Constanta - Mangalia highway was approximately 200 in south of the
airfield.
Foreign merchant vessels making calls at the donstanta port were of
Soviet, Albanian Greek.and Turkish registry;-
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The Transilvania Steamboat (Rumanian 4egistry) left Constanta every
week for Beirut p353N-3530E7 and Haifa 15249N-3500g; r
it caried
approximately 50 'Jewish ethIgrants on each of its trips. A Greek
vessel called at Constanta once a month or every two months to take
Greek repatriates to Greece (approximately 800 on each trip).
Within the city of Constanta, public transportation was provided by
buses and taxis. There were six routes servioed by the bus trans-
portation system. The starting point of all the routes was the
Ovidin Square ffoint #21, End l (AI7. The routes weVe as follows:
Route #1 along Carol I Street ffoint Bnel
Anadolchioi suburb ffoint #90, Encl. (W.
Route #2 along the former Regina Maria Boulevard point #76,
Enol (A17 to the city limits.
Route #3 along the same route as #2 fabov4:7 to Mamaia village
.0418N-28377.
Route #4 along Stefan Cel Mare Street ffoint #530 End l (A).7.
Route #5 along same street as route #4cabOve, then to the
civil airport (approximately six km wee - southwest from
center of town).
Route #6 along 'same street as route A gbovi7, final destin-
ation unknown.
The buses were identified by the route number on the windshield.
The names of streets along the route corresponding to the route
number, were listed jat the main stop at the Ovidin Square
foint #210 End l (Ai/. The buses, operated by the I.C.C. agency
Constanta Communal Enterprises), were old; their capacity was 30
seats. They were painted white with the initials ',C.C. on the
body. During the summer months trailers of one or, two open cars
were attached. The fare was 20 lei from Ovidin Square to Mamaia
(Route #3); 10 lei from Ovidin to the terminal stop on the other
rl!Dutes, and five lei for shorter trips (maximum ot two or three
stops). The tickets were purchased on the bus from the person who
collected the fare. No round trip tickets were sold. Transfers
were allowed with the original ticket at no extra charge. The
buses ran only from 0400 hours until 2400 hours in the summer, and
from 0500 hours until 2200 hours in the winter. On Route #1, one
bus operated twenty-four hours a day. On all routes the buses ran
at approximately 15 minute intervals. Bus line personnel could
ride free of charge. The militia and security service personnel, when
in uniform, could also ride free of charge; theoretically, only
two at one time.
Taxi service was available on a reduced scale in Oonstanta, The
taxi cabs were all individually owned. The owners had to pay high
income tax, probably about 50 per cent. The cabs were not painted
any distinguishing color; they had "Taxi" and %Aber" ,(free) or
"00uPat" (occupied) signs on the windshield. Taxi stands were
designated by city authorities at main intersections. On the main
street oint #62, End l (A there were no taxi stande; nor were
cabs allowed to stop and pick up customers, apparently in order
not to interfere with the traffic. Taxi fares were based upon the
distance travelled. There were lists showing the fare rate according
to distance; no taximeters were in the cabs. Taxi fares were high,
from 300 lei up. For instance from the main railroad station
ffoint 09, Enol (kg to Anadolchioi suburb (about 3 km); the fare
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was 500 lei one way. Tips were not usually given probably due to ,
the high farolli,. The rates were high because customers were rather
scarce; customers consisted mostly of high income people (important
Party members and technicians). The license plates of all vehicles
registered in the Constanta district had the initials CPC (Chestura
Politiei Constanta Constanta Police Questorship) followed by the
, number in white on a black background. On the upper, semielliptical
section of the plates were the initials R.P.R. (Rumanian Popular
Republic).
Electrical Supply
84 Electricity for the city was provided by one power station located
near.the south-eastern shore of Tabacariei Lake Point #190 End l (B17
The current was AC, 220 volts. In the suburban sections of the city,.
where no public institutions were located, the current was out off
? from 0800 hours to 1200 hours and from 1400 hours to 1800 hours? dur- ?
ing the wintei4 and from 0600 hours to 2000Almum (excepting 1200 -
1400 .hours) during the summer. On Sundays and holidays current'
was available all day. Economy was given as the reason for the
cUt-offs. Sudden stoppages of current occurred on an average of
once Or twice a month, for periods of one-half an hour. These
stoppages were caused by break-downs at the power station. "StOp-
pages due to short circuits, or breakage of wires due to storms
occurred three to four times a. week, during the autumn and winter.
Dimming of lights (three to four times successively) occurred when
a deliberate stoppage of current was forthcoming. Electric bulbs
were of rather
manufactured
Consumers' Goods
poor quality
in Rumania (most
(for one
but in sufficient supply. They were
of them Osram brand).
person)
PRICE IN STATE ?PRICE INSTATE
9. Rationed Articles:
ARTICLE AMOUNT
RATIONED STORES
"FREO, STORES
Overcoat
gee belog
9000 - 11,000 lei
22,000 -,25,000 lei
Suit (man')
ti it
7000 - 8,000 lei
16,000lei
Shoes (low cut) 1 pair
1800 lei
3000 - 5000 lei
Shoes (high top) 1 pair
2200 lei
4000 - 5000 lei
Shirts 3
300 - 400 lei each
120011ti, ea4h
' Socks
6 pairs
40 lei each
120 lei each
Handkerchiefs
3
15 - 20 lei each
8o- 100 lei each
Overooats and suits were worth one-hundred ration points each.
Either an overcoat or one suit could be purchased during one year,
but not both items.
Rationed Food Articles:
PRICE IN STATE PRICE IN STATE
ARTICLE AMOUNT RATIONED STORES "FREE" STORES
? Sugar "500 ram gal '50 lei kg
per month
Oil (sunflo- *4%500 - 1750 gins 48 - 50 lei kg
*AO ot. lard per month
*Bread , **250 - 1000 gins 14 lei kg
(black) per day
Macaroni **500 - 1750 gins 40 lei kg
per month
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
200 lei kg
300 lei kg
120 lei kg
(only white)
Unknown
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Rati
ed Food
Potatoes
Meat (beef)
(pork)
Soap (laune.
drY)
Kerosene
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Articles ("cant')
PRICE IN STATE
AMOUNT RATIONED STORES
25 kg per month
1000 gmS
per week
**500 - 1750 gms
per month
three kg
per month
20 lei kg
? 80 - 120 lei kg
160 lei kg
70 lei kg
Unknown
* White bread only occasionally available at State
**Amount authorized depended on labor category.
Non Rationed Articles:
ARTICLE
Eggs
Pair of chickens (live)
Pair of geese (live)
Pair of turkeys (live)
One hog (live about 100 kg)
Cigarettes
Wine
Beer
Brandy (plum)
In short supply, but not
Coffee
Rice
Oranges
Lemons
Vanilla
Butter
Salami
? Fish
Cheese
Tea
Olive oil
Pepper
PRICE IN STATE
"FREE" STORES
40 lei kg
not available
not available
Unknown
Not available
Rationed Stores.
PRICE IN STATE FREE STORES
20 - 30 lei each
400 lei
1200 lei
2000 lei
30,000 let
30 - 120 lei (a 30 cigarette pack;
.depending on brand)
80 - 400 lei kg
20 - 30 lei (a 500 gr bottle)
400 lei kg
rationed, were:
12,000 lei
100 let
100 lei each
60 - 80 lei each
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
fish was in very short supply because it was being
canned probably for export to the USSR and/or stockpiling for an
emergency.
10. Rooms had to be obtained through the renting office ffoint #50,
End (A17; rents were established by this office and ranged from
500 to one-thousand lei per month for one room and kitchen unfur-
nished. For one furnished room the rent was between two and five-thou-
Sand, lei per month (as established by the proprieter). The elec-
trical bill for using one or two bulbs for three or four hours a
day, was approximately 200 lei per month. Fire wood, which was
rationed, cost 2,000 lei a metric ton. One meal in a restaurant
cost approximately 120 lei. One meal in special canteens for
employees cost 25 - 40 lei.
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? 11. Only small quantities of agricultural products could be sold on
the Public market by the farmers most or the products had to be
sold to the state at reduced, fixed, prices. The market place,
(Probably north of ffoint #52? End l (A17., Was open on Tuesdays and
Saturdays each week,. Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, eggs, corn,
beans, Potatoes, and wheat (very Mall quantities) were sold there.
A tax0 depending on types and quantity of products for sale had to
be paid by the farmers. The black market in Constanta was concerned
with such articles as penicillin, foreign currency (especially US$),
watches, articles of clothing, foreign cigarettes, nylon, and
foreign food, in that order. QenerallY the Jewish population and
the sailors: were most active in black marketeering. Black market
activities took place generally in cafes and market Places, Meas-
ures taken against black marketeering Ponsisted of frequent and
thorough checks by militia and, in the harbor area, by customs
officials! Everybody entering or leaving the harbor area was not
only searched but X-rayed in order to detect smuggled articles.
Severe penaltids were meted out to those caught; the heaviest jail
sentences were given for dealing in foreign currency. The penalty
for snuggling a cigarette lighter into the country was three months
In Jail and a fine of four thousand lei.
Labor - Wages
12. A11 industrial and commercial enterPri408 in Constanta were State-
'owned and operated. Any employee wiehing tq chane his place or
work had to first obtain an official release from his place of
employment, The release was given only if the transfer was consid-
ered beneficial for the production effort, Wages and working
conditions were established in collective work contracts; wages
were based on the labor law code. Wages and working conditions
were the sane for the entire country with the exceptien of the city
of Bucharest, where the wage scale was slightly higher although the
cost of living was lower; allegedly this condition was brought about
In order to boost the morale of the capital city. The following
are approximate examples of wages for various occupations;
DESCRIPTI0N
(
Dock worker (Unskilled)
.Merchant sailor (deck)
Machinist (merchant vessel)
Master .(merchant vessel)
Bus driver
'Bus ticket collector
Factory worker (skilled)
Engineer'
Clerk.
Chief 'clerk
Grasusx, school teacher
University'prefesser
.Director of industrial or
Commercial enterprise .
Engineer (Danube = MAO<
Sea .canal project).
Director of Danube Black
Sea canal project
ARMED FORCES
,-
Captain (Non-Political)
Lieutenant (Political)
Sergeant
? Private
?.MP110.41m#Tg i!!4(4,11:_-MPF111
4900 lel
;5000 lei
6000 lei
9000 - 12000 lei
5000 lei
4000 lei
7000 7 8000 lei
1610Q0 - 24,000 lei
500Q - 7000 lel
9000 ?- 10,000 lei
600Q - 100000 lel
20,000 lel
16,000 - 30,000 lei
401000 lel
?200,000 lel
9600 lel
12,000 lei
340 lel
120 lei
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The salaries of Security Service (Communist Secret Police)
personnel started from 16,000 lei and probably went up to
mare than 100 thousand lei per month.-
FollticaI and Sooioiagical Characteristics
,
13* The population of Constanta in 1950 was approximately 120 thoUsand.
The population started to increase after 1948 CancoMitantly with 1
the-Danube-Black Sea Canal construction project. Mowt of the,newiy-
arrived. persons were specialists and technicians working on th0
prOject. Approximately 50 per cent Of the population of the ,61.tt,
were Rumanians. The Turkish minority made up about 30 per cent of
the population; the rest was composed' of miscellaneous minorities,
chieflaf'Greek and Jewish extraction.- After 1948 the ethniC,
charaotedfchanged somewhat due to the emigration of large numbers
of Greeks and. Jews. Large scale deportations did not take Plad,0.
buta small numberof people of Russian ancestry were "repatriated"
tiothe.USSR during 1950, The only group of unnaturalized fOreigners
wae,composed of:Soviet occupation personnel, both military and
civilian, with their familles. According to rumors, there were .
approximately 60 thousand Soviets. This group resided, fOr the most
part, , in the center section of the city. Most of the Soviet civ;-
ilians were specialists with the different SOVROM enterprises Or ,
technicians engaged in the Danube - Black Sea Canal project. Most
or 'the Turkish minority group lived in the Anadolchioi and.Taba-
carlei suburbs-, located north and northwest of the city proper
/Points *90 and Al resnectivellq.
In
the Spring of 1949 during the Bairam (Mohammedan Sebtivals), the,
Ttirke waiting in line before grocery stores openly expressed their
dissatisfaction with the small sugar ration (500 grams per month)
available. The women were especially vocal in their protests.
the militia did not intervene, and no, arrests were
lade. There was one Turkish grammar school in the suburb of
Ansdolehioi, where the Turkish language was being taught. A
mosque was also located? there.
14,:. The 'city of Constanta was divided into the following sectors-for
administratiVe purposes:
(a) "dentru Oras" (City-Center)
(b)' POrt,(hrbor,area) 45bint #960
Anadoldhioi suburb'ffoint #90,
End l (AI7'
Encl. (AI7
Tabacariel,suburb ffbint 91, Encl (AI7
Each of the sectors -had its own militia post medical dispensary,
and?tax collection office.
15.:.There were two newspapers published in Constanta. Dobro Noua''
(Nelnr,Dobrogea), the, daily organ of the Workers' (Commun Party
usually appeared in one sheet, but on the occasion of official
Communistiholidays, there -were two or three sheets': Canalul
Dunarea --Marea Near a (anube-Black Sea Canal), was a daily for ,
the people engaged on that project. 'A weekly by the same name was
publiehed-fOr the city population. .The small format of these pub-
litationtmas due to the shortage of newsprint. '
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16 The only radio sets available on the market were of Soviet manU-
facture! There "Pioner" setS were being sold for 10 thousand lei.-
? The workers could pay for the sets in installments, but non-workers
had to pay the whole sum at the time of purchase. These radio sets
Were guaranteed for one year, within, which period the government ,
store where they were bought made all repairs. The sets broke down
? aS a rule, after three or four months of use. The sets, equipped with
?four tubes, could, receive long and medium wave lengths only,thus
covering only Soviet controlled radio stations. Only those with
Older radio sets, of non-Soviet manufacture, Could listen to_ such
foreign broadcasts as the Voice of America and the BBC programs.,,
Measures taken against foreign broadcasts consisted of jamming
programs, and punishment for the listeners. There were 'jamming
stations in every town (the total number of such stations, according
to rumor, was approximately 500). The BBC and Radio Paris were -
? more successfully Jammed than the Voice of Amereca programs. None
Of these broadcasts were being listened to during daytime because of
? lack of time, fear of being detectedeand poor reception. Reception
was clearer from 2000 hours to 0700 hours. The male population was
more interested in the foreign broadcasts the'punish- 50X1
Ment for listening tO the Voice of America or BBC broadcasts was a
Ail sentence as well as confiscation of the radio set. The
penalty was more severe for spreading information heard on these
broadcapts., very few cases of persons who were caught 50:00
listening to Western broadcasts in Constanta; the reason
can be found in good precautionary measures. or failure to listen 50:00
to these programs. In general the public was Skeptical concerning
the veracity of Communist official statements. They did not believe
the production figures because of the continuing 'scarcity of
eonsumer goods. The official anti-Western propaganda was, in
? general, not believed.
,174 The following public health facilities were available to the
? Constanta population:
(a) one hospital ffoint #52 End l (A17;
(b) two polyclinics.;
(e) undetermined number of medical dispensaries (about one for
each sector of the city
Admission to the hospital (government-controlled) was free for all
? government employees and their familitseall of Whom were members? ef
the Social Insurance House (Casa Asigurarilor Sociale). The rest
Of the patients had to pay for treatment. Government...
? (ie employees of all industrial and tOtMerOial-enterprisesbesides
eivil service employees) had preference in admission to the hospital.
The Social Insurance House, which was in charge of theemedical care
of state employees, deducted about 10 per cent of the employees'
Salary. The polyclinics could be used only by *embers or the Social
Insurance House and their families; medical conSultAtionaeand
? minor treatments were provided free of charge...: :The medicAl dis-
pensaries were open to everyone and medical consultations were
? provided free of charge. The most common diseases in Constanta were
Imlarie,*(I do not know the frequency); typhus (not epidemic,' but
about one to two per cent of the city's population was afflicted
Aaccording to hearsay); tuberculdtsis (percentage probably higher than
for tyqus)e venereal diseases were lessommon .(blood teats taken
from al:. state employees every six monthilhe.m4ority of the
population was liable to diseases due to weakened physical con-
ditionecaUsed by poor diet and excessive work..
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18/ The following schools were located in Constanta:
(a) The Faculty of Pisciculture (Facultatea de Piscicultura)
Point #46, Encl. (AI/. It was established in, 19)48 probably
as ,a component of Bucharest University. The course was to last
foUr years; graduates were to be employed by the State fishing
industry as technicians. I believe that approximately 40
students were to graduate in the first class.
(b) Two classical highschools, one for boys and the other for
girls; and two commercial highschools, for boys and girls
respectively. The courses lasted seven years, after four
years of grammar school.
The Technical - Industrial School (coeducational, high school
level). The students attended classes in the afternoon; in
the morning they received on-the-job training as apprentides
at different installations. The course lasted four years
after seven years grammarschool.
(d) The Commerce and Industry School. (coeducational, high-
school level). The students attended classes in the afternoon;
in the morning they worked as apprentices in the government-
owned stores. Course lasted four years after seven years
grammar school,
(e) The high school for workers (Liceul Seral Muncitoresc)
Point #4o, End l (AI7 in a grammar school building. This
evening school was established in 1948 in order to give the
people. "engaged in the labor field" a chance to complete
their hfghschool education. The courses were free. Approx-
imately 60 students (both male and female) up to 40 years of
age, were graduated by this school each year. The educational
level of the graduates was much lower than of graduates from ,
regular highSchools. All those taking this course had to
graduate otherwise the teachers were punished "for not knowing
how to instruct the students".
The Naval School (Scoala Navala), referred to also as
Maritime and Fluvial Officers' School (Scoala de Ofiteri
Maritimi si Fluviale), Point #93, End l (A47, trained
officers for the Rumanian Navy. The schoo was closed.at the
end of World War II and re-opened in the Autumn of 1949.
the course lasted two years. Upon graduationthe 50X1
Students were commissioned in the Rumanian Navy as ensigns?
(aspirant de marina). Only persons considered completely 50X1
reliable from the political standpoint were selected for this
school. Most of the students were selected from the naval
ranks; only persons between the ages of 18
and 25 were accepted. In the Autumn of 19490 approximately
40 of the cadets (probably the entire first clads) visited the
(0)
(r)
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The uniform of the cadet was the same as tnat or tne
'naval enlisted men. The only distinguishing marks were the
inscription "Scoala Navala" in yellow on the cap and a
insignia of white zigzagging thread on blue background on
the left sleeve, between the shoulder and elbow.
19,. All religiom denominations, including the Mohammedan and Mosaic
were allowed freedom of worship. Priests were allowed to preach
as long as they did not attack the Communist ideology; they were
expected to support the government's policies in their sermons.
'
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During religious services there were Security Service and Party
men present, watching the proceedings. religious
processions, with the exception of funerals, were forbidden
Although, in theory, the people
were free to attead religious services, attendance was interfered
with by meetings, "voluntary, labor" programs, sport programs, etc
scheduled for the same time as religious services. Attendance at
religious services consisted for the most part of older peoplAsand
was usually not very high. On the principal holydays (Christmas
and Easter) attendance was exceptionally high.
Employees of all government installations, including industrial,
worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The norm system was in
force in all Industrial installations. In case the norm set for
an eight-hour shift could not be fullfilled, the worker had to
stay on the job extra hours in order to receive the full pay for
eight hours.
they had to complete in one eight hour shift the work
which, before the norm system was Introduced, had been done in
14 hours. Extra work, required by the installations over and
above regular eight hour shift, was paid for at the same rate as
the regular work. For work done on the day off the pay was -
indreaseti 50 per cent. For extra work required from 2200 to 0400
hours the pay was increased 100 per cent. These rules, including
the norm system, applied to both male and female employees. The
government employeee,-including all industrial workers, were
entitled by law after one year of work to yearly vacations with
pay. The length of the annual vacations depended on age and length
of employment. All employees under 30 years of age were entitled
? to 15 days vacatior if they had been employed at least one year,
21 days vacation if they had been employed for at least six years,
30 days vacation if employed for at least 10 years. All employees
over 30 were entitled to 21 days vacation if they had been employed
for at least one year, 30 days vacation if employed for at least
six years. In case the production exigencies required, the
employee had to forego his vacation. In that case he was either
paid double time or received his vacation the following year.
Medical vacations could be taken by convalescinggovernMent employees
upon the approval of a commission composed of six physicians. -
This vacation could not be longer than six. months. If the employee
waa not physically fit after the six month vacation period he was.
retired on pension if his condition was caused by working