PRESS CLIPPINGS JUNE 1980

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05T00644R000501390001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 177
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 5, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1980
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

STAT
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a
aRTICLL' 1.41PPEAREA NEW YORK Ti 's
ON 'AGE 18 max 1900
Things seem to be' slipping out of.
At least, that's what a lot of Ameri-
cans are saying these days. Whether
the talk is of the economy, the election,
the refugees, world affairs or the base.
ball season, the refrain has become
familiar. Things seem. to be slipping
It is, therefore, 'a-pleasure to report
some good news - minimum good
news; perhaps, bur. Is this anytime to
quibble? And surely the fact that the
Senate L?nmiligence- Committee: has
C.I.A., without surrendering to.it, war-
its catalogue of horrors about C.I.A.
may have so a President could-and
someday no doubt will -:Withhold
such: notification. is cases.where he or
Still, the.legislation -yields no real.. ground not already claimed by'Presi=k
"dents and, the and nothing
more sweeping,, was possible In view of
an a to an. absolute. Congressional
right of prior.notice =' based, mem-
that members of Congress cannot or
will not keep secrets....
Besides,. the.. committee-approved
o
ations Co
ngress w.uu sub-
p
current or former Government official s"L"
poena:.ali relevant. information. That.
to disclose information that, might, at least
identify U.S. intelligence officers or guarantees after=the-tact:
a ri
ht
hi
h C
a
s
g
w
c
ongres
s
operatives - a quasi-Official Secrets either p
neither h
n specified nor exercisedinihe,.
agency" had survived all attempts to _ against the press as well as leaxers The committee bill. ? can
put sensible restraints on its powers; of secrets.. - considered a landmark, sincehyre is
the real possibility also existed that in But numerous members of-the com- .nothing in'it to protect citizens rights.
the new cold war mood of Congress puttee, most of its staff and some ac On the otherhand; it does .not give the
and the country the C.I.A. would gain tive outside observers - lobbyists, for C.I.A. its desired exemption from the
more statutory power than it ever had example,:; for . the American Civil Freedom of Information Act and its
had to invade the rights of Americans Liberties Union- resisted such a sur-even moredesired power to prosecute
ties, bungles and invasions of citizens..
rights - it not only looked. as if "the
telligence community, getting little.-or later. could be revived. '
help from the Carter Administration So on the classic political principle
mended by the Church committee and .. ed, by reducing from eight to two bar the agency. from enlisting report-
supported pro forma by the, dminis- , the House. and Senate' Intelligence. ers and clergymen as "assets. The
tration, as a means-of spelling out pre- ::Committees -the number ofcommit- problem is-that it the bill-Is opined.to,
cisely what the agency could and could tees to which the agency would have to any amendments, it might not be ' pos
not do - particularly to the rights and report amts activities. sible to stave off the many others that.
liberties of American citizens. 2. Put into law, as,supported by lib. couldbeoffered.
Instead, the committee was giving eral members and the A.C.L.U., the If, as expected, the House also ac-`
active consideration to ,a new bill that principle of prior notification to those cepts: the compromise bill, the battle
would provide no safeguards for.citi- two committees of "significant antic undoubtedly will be- renewed 'next
zens' rights, exempt. the C.I.A. from pated: Intelligence activities." This is year; for even the C.I.A.; craving
the provisions of the Freedom of Infor- only 'a small step forward,. as the, legislative- legitimacy, would like:' to
matron Act, excuse it from giving Con- - measure.specifies that nothing in it have some kind of a charter. Just what
grass prior notice of covert operations can be construed' to limit whatever kind, may depend largely on how the
ership in the Senate, the Intelligence work out a hold-the-line compromise.. and for beating off attemptsto amend
Committee had given up its long effort ...A bill was approved by the Intelligence it with provisions desired by the C.I.A.
to write a legislative charter for the Committee that would:;, But the sameprobably holds True for
C.I.A. Such a charter had'been' recom- 1. Givethe C.I.A. something it want Senator Pat Moynihan's proposal to
IN THE NATION
svho might p the leaks.
Since the 'rint committee was unani
nsous, the outlook is good for passage
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DES MOINES REGISTER (IA)
7 May 19 80
Where is. ,'the Senate` s-,-it- country is by doing. their jobs
lost its memory' ,Can it:-no longer dependently. of government The
read.. history even, the history minute a reporter is suspected-of.-
of the last decades . _nat being a ;CIA agent,- his or her
Lash week ., theSee ;Intelli , ?credibilit3 and! effectiveness are
-
gence:. Committee; abandoned its'-:-eroded:; In places like ' Iran, his
attempt tot;gnact a comprehen- F her We could be endangered
..sive charter to govern theactivi- .( ? Exempt R counties CIi. 1
ties -of`, then Central.'?Fntelliitence:: documents;, from, the disclosures
Agency ands the. rest oL the U.S.- , bow required under the< Freedom
intelligence~commun of Information Act. As:the' article:; .
There wascertainly w needfor. by ,George, Lardner Jr on this
reform ~?Ther ;problem -was that page today notes, the -FOIA -has
the proposed ,charter " was a been a'target of CIA complaints
17Z-page catalog that stood about ever'sincL- the agency- was,
as much chance :of passing ,required to comply:: with''it ia }
Congress as a congratulatory res- r 1974: The CIA has, admitt
olution ' honoring,, the Ayatollah however, that it- never has been
.Ruhollah Khomeinif'of Iran.:, , . harmed hy. i the information.
Sw the cgaimittee shortened. divulged under the act
the charter .-What. it has come up: .Recent .revents in Iran: and. Af-
with is not so:much ai charter as a, ghanistan-have given impetus to
carte; blanche Tlie sever-page the' move to="unleash" the CIA. If .
bill. inaccurately en, titled; ,`The anything,,:events-; in = .Iran~~ have.
`Intelligence ,Accountability Act"" demonstrated-thee dangers ?ot`an`
of 19$0;' would :--'unleashed"-- agency.-If -the-CIA,:
e Give the president wide had-: been: under ::- tighter. wraps
leeway int:.;concealing: from over ?the last 30.years:or.so, this
Congress various "covert. opera- country might, not be. the-.object
'that. made--:the: CIA.- infamous other countries. ,
duringthe 1970s~. }~ rs ,,:Members of Congress need: Ea-:
e Allow the CIA to use U S. ? re-read the Church committee's:
journalists;::academics, clerics report They need to remember;
and others for,.tintelligence work or learn, what.:-really happened;
The best way that journal i
and' : during, the'-` dayswhen.. the CL 4y
other;speciai sts can serve, their was`out,of control '
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LOUISVILLE COURIER-JOURNAL (KY.)
7 MAY 1980
crapping spy-age~.~~ charter
THE NATION suffering a mas- especially the develo
me
t
d
p
n
an
deploy
sive"case o# nervous jitters;, its hardly sur-: meat of new' strategic nuclear weapons.
P 'i5m 'that plans to,. impose a= comprehen- This has oceurred, most observers think
?sive- rte on t e C nfr?l Tnf n. ._ not bec
`i.- --- - ? - s
ause
e
o
- -- --o-- --- ._..., ,.,, ~~. cv,uun t believe
:lative~serapheap The prevailing: mood on the Soviets hadthe" will, and the technical
Cap
tDl~ H
I i
t
-
i
s
i1
o give the CIA just about know
how, to ,catch. up with and surpass
theTT C
anytiung
it wants in
d
Th
:
a
esperate. effort to
e facts, in the form of millions;
relever?hua..sense; of: helplessness
on the of spy satellite
ict
,
p
ures. and. radio inter-
world stage, and: to counter the-moves- of?..i cepts, were available:- Sound analysis and
art. .incieasingly":: powerful Soviet LFnion..: judgment weren't.
Kentucky's:. Walter Huddle-.ton, ^whose
. Senate,subcommittee painstakingly drafted
a,'11 page charter: for the CIA, .:FBI and
otherintelligence agencies, is dis
appointed:
but resigned., He told: Courier-Journal staff
writer Ed Ryan.: last, week-- that a; sharply.
n
`institutions as the. Press; and the clergy It
scaled-down intelligence measure will be would not have dictat2d ~
how the CIA rgy. t
he trxfot 'a "
s
ed
o, .
fu
. analyze information-once it
h
charter. may come: i t
is. gathered-. it
would neither have encouraged nor dis
:But even Senator Huddleston, usually .a
Political='r!ealist;emays be:.too ,optimistic, have ec the sorts of analytical errors that
America seems -sliding--; oward a . new-: and have occurred in?. recent years..,
.prolonged Cb1d,War; a.sort of mental state Yet. the consequences of past errors.
of siege. Conditions have changeddramati- such as' a more powerful than anticipated
cally from. the. congressional- and: public Soviet Union and a virulently anti-Ameri
dis can revolutionary Iran' have combined
y,:.:in?. the amid-1970x, at widespread; to overwhelm reforms havin
abuses in the na
e
f
thi
t
e
t
m
.o
. na
y. g no
n ng to
ional s
curi
That dismay and disgust with intelligence analysis. That's dou-
y gust prompted calls
{ bly a shame. It means an indefinite wait
for reform, even at the expense of. some- for a more accountable CIA.- And it dis
'.what. reduced efficiency in the CIA. and.
tracts attention from the agency's most) I
occasional inconvenience to overeager disturbing weaknesses
presidents and CIA and FBI directors, .. .
The irony is that the new-:"unleash-the
CIA" mood is :scuttling the-. Huddleston_
subcommittee's reform -effort'.without addressing : the agency's. real -weakness: anal-
ysis of- information it has gathered As Er-
nest Conine of The Tunes re-
ported the other day in .t newspaper;
there is, a `growing conviction among. out-
side observers that the CIA: has consistent
ly and seriously underestimated' the pace
and scale of the Soviet military buildup,
The Huddleston subcommittee's pro-,
posed charter would have set new rules
on how ; information is gathered and how
covert operations are handled: It would
have protected the rights of American citi-
zens, and the integrity of such America
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Min OTA'~ DAILY
7 MAY'198o
UnIikeetheoriginal charter, the new bill provides no
strict controls on intrusive investigating techniques I
Four years aga, a Senate committee investigating-.
abuses of American intelligence,agencies warned that
"unless new and tighter controls are established by leg.
islation, domestic ntelligence activities threaten'to un
dermine our democratic society and fundamentally
alter its nature:" Since then, Congress t as circled =f
around ' and' around the.possibilityof writing a compre-
pensive=inteltgenceeharter to-define :the limits and
means of accountability: And. last : week,.: itbecameevt
dent that Congress would balk at another opportunity
to write some :clear,.Simple rules-and require the intellr
Bence agencre>,ta.foltow therm., -,. _; _ .
Atissue is a lengthy and detailed7cfiarte'r proposed 151
-
.
-. -,_.
.
-
horsetrading' -:various. amendments anchattempts at re- I ernment An unfettered ClA-wrlrthreaten citizens at
turtling burdened the Huddleston proposal to the home- abroad and perpetuate illusions Congress
extent that critics and proponents alike argued that it has shirked its duty once again x
_i.
was confusing-andunadequate Rather-.than rework the
existing charter; Huddleston last week reluctantly'
abandoned thecharter conceptano proposed a new,
horter version that will reverse previous reform legis
lation-and make it easier tharrit is now for the Central
.:The new version wtltalso, exempt. tneagency; ion the
most. significant provisions ot-the Freedom of Informs _-.~
tion Act_ -gam z:i
In fact-, the new legislation- :hotyet.completedbythe.
SenateSelect.Committeeontntelligence=closelyre
sembles a measure supported by,5en. Daniel Patrick
Moynihan (D-N Y 1 `dubbedby.--many."the CIArerief''
bill," A : far cry'fromthe reforms envisioned by the;,
Church` committee,the bill :does not:mention the:dubi
ous use of for rnafists ergymen and academics as-J
spies: Itatsowould ciit froin'erght t two the number-of:
committees responsible for Congtessronal.oversight
Incredibly neither the House Foreign Affairs Commit-
tee nor the Senate Foreign: Relations.Committee would
be privy to information involvingcovert operations
Much more disturbing; however is theabsence.of any.
_ legal obligation for the executive branch to give prior
notice of covert operations':Instead the :CIA need only
keep the two. congressional committees informed-of j -Z any significant anticipated adivityi Committee
members also. appear: read pto.approve a more flagrant
loophol ecmittingthe presidentto.undertake covert-- operatiopsswithourprior notice tn'same c rcum
stances teaving the: door ajar For areturnto the days
when :an administration coui23?usothe CIA as its private
corps 3nritfiout any responsibiIit' for pnor justi fication
Y ~Y
of its deeds : ~~~?p
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such as wiretapping and burglaries. It merely states that I
the attorney general must approve 'guidelines" in in-
vestigating or spying on American citizens. To keep
representatives under the illusion-that they are watch ;.:
ing over the CIA, two congressional committees.wiltre-
ceive a copy of the guidelines '-though theattorney~:
general may ignore reporting requirements in anemer'
gene':: Itis.unconscionable for Congress to.negiecttiz
clearly:define:acceptable;intelligencegathering:tech '
niquesor prohibitsnoopingtpat might infr- nge on ..&M
rights:
The Carter administration nonce :"I vigojf- rous advocate..,-
ofthe charter =has;suggested that previous. legislation
requiring prior notice of covert actions has-stymied CIA-
efforts in the Persian Gulf `.To recommenda freewheel
rng CIA to improve our woad position inverts the les-
sons oftrece'nt years. The: ntellrgence agency was the ;',
` strengit to fac. ; C-lAcove taetions.~trch as the 1953
coupaf rat reinstalled the shah iargel accoun, foe':
growing international.hostilitytowards*tN*eUS
'gov
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AUSTIN AMERICAN STATESMAN (TX.)
5_ May 1980
Ai- lm
*edi ted, t e CAngr , tom: b are
calls. for-., fmtber sbac and' fa tber moi-
sltar3drng.of the Cenfat III g 9
has hacked offforthis year .re
lfa Charter speiring.out
=: dnta:s and.
limas of itse Q ?=??Q
haresabstifatedasmame
B
t ffi
ber
a
e
gs far :ie Ilmit=
ing some things the CIA ca>rdoq- a:nd at
totbasel mmoaldlip.
The seven-page bill would:
-Require the CIA--,, to tell . Cao ssat
wants to bw and:: m adsa
risky ecovert. ope3ataoffi, `with exceptions for
Rake it a fe-for anrdne to nnblydv
ine y an. agent.: or informantby wag
a rized access to sorb information.
Wald give the CIS! greater'le ray is ig-
roving. tegaests for iaformal~oa am:er the
F of Information , ..:
Dut#be new bf does aot deataon cu am
of moft s dies or lessors as "cover"
far ' pry' that d. ham hero
aged- a~der'-the =*mal':alslatioa?
and praetoes. winch have cvndmw& m spi
of CLA_Directcr Stand Jd Tom met
prow L
= byhis own admi on. ~~ 7
base' praetaeeS are i2timieal: to the
-
sions invotved and spying.ean be carried- -
ritboat The law should say 30
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BURLINGTON FREE PRESS(VT)
5 May 1980
The effort was abandoned by the Senate
Intelligence Committee after debating the'issue in
Cong re s.s Los es secret. session.. for several , hours.: Senate sup-
porters of the charter instead agreed.to back a
ch
h
eas
t
m
mu
orter.m
ure tha
s
apparently will
ake
lit - easier: for the agency to engage in covert
b
C o r w . to' Ur operations and exempt it from the Freedom of
Information Act-
Congressional Congressional demands for tighter restraints.
on the agency seem to.have been diluted by the.
Iran and.. Afghanistan crises... In.,, fact;:-. it now
Espionage plays. , an important role in ;uaran- .appears that other rules governing the operation
rof the agency will be relaxed ..Use of journalists,
teeing a nations security: , ., - ~-
In fact, iris almost as crucial apart of defense clergymen and professors, for.;:instance, .is not
as the ships, guns and planes. that would be used proscribed in the new -measure 'r r
to respond to an enemy attack: '- - 'While most citizens recognize the need fo
To know what the nation's: potential; enemies espionage, they certainly are justified. in. criticiz-
are doing is to; be able to chart'an intelligent and ing. Congress for its lack of courage and its refusal
effective response to-their activities., Intelligence to challenge executive , authority in the.case of the
agents risk their lives; in gathering necessary Central Intelligence Agency, As it stands, now, i
information for political and military leaders. On appears the., agency can revert to some of i
occasion agents must kill to protect. themselves reprehensible behavior of the past
,. and others who have cooperated in, obtaining As custodians of . the.. public's rights, con-
secret documents or materials; gressmen have failed miserably in. their attempts
But abuses often can creep into- intelligence to curb the activities of the agency and to protect
activities. Some agencies. apparently believe that the interests` of the people of the nation. ;
they can exceed, their authority by engaging inj
overt efforts to eliminate national leaders who are
perceived as enemies:: In abandoning, their covert,
mission, agencies often.. violate the-.rights of
people in their own countries and citizens of other
nations. The distinction.-between. legitimate es-
pionage and illegal activities' becomes blurred.
Investigation of charges against .the Central
Intelligence Agency in the mid-1970s raised ques-
tions about the aanotint- of control that was. being
exercised over. the, agency by lawmakers and the
president. Many citizens were shocked to learn
that agents had . beerr..involved in schemes to
assassinate several foreign leaders: the overthrow
of the -government of Chile-, spying.. on domestic
political? organizations and ;_ expenments;- with
drugsthat were design. to befuddle subjects and
leaveathem open to..the?use-of suggestive techni-
ques. Some -persons were given drugs without
their knowledge. and the, consequences were trag-
ic. in several cases
The agency also used journalists, clergymen
and professors for intelligence gathering and their
institutions as cover for: agents. .
As a result of the revelations, Congress took
steps to curb. the activities of the agency-.and to,
make it more accountable by writing a detailed
charter to set up, legal ; restraints on the agency's
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TULSA WORLD (OK)
4May1980
es,
TIDE CE11F'FRA2; ~Iiitelligence Popular opinion has since re
Agency,. vas,giyenanew pease on jected .this logic>-Recent event
Lie-last-wee ` r ^,~ ;` i'in Iran and zAfghanistan. hay
A revises Iegislative.'charter -,re-emphasiied,.the nation's nee
defining .eIA',r isvie and limiting J or an:e,ffective-.spy service. Bu
its-authority was set aside in the ? the CIA-still has its detractors
,Senate A much less. far reach the Senate
ing bill was. substituted. ,
The aew charter would-not ?n The critics' weapon was th
have killed the agency; outright new. charter: If` it=had. passed, it
But it'would have placed on it so - would have,placed a. number of
many restrictions iC:weuid, have specific .restrictions on.: the
practically .` ended :,'GI 's effec agency.-. It ell sel have required
the-CIA to tell select members of
tiveness: a
im
n
s an:
porta
tpolicy
: instrument Congress in advance of any, sig-
The CIA is still' badly crippled,.
as indicated by its failure to alert
.the President to the;downfall of
nificant undercover operation...
But reason prevailed. The bill
substituted for, the charter still
the -Shah-of Iran. ; provides. for notice to Congress,
The = agency's:problems began:, but with exceptions that will pro-
during the post-Watergate Era tect confidentiality of truly dan-
when any sort of spying.was con-
sidered immoral and indecent.
Richard Nixon, spied, the critics
reasoned, and Nixon is always,
wrong.. Therefore,_ spying is al-
ways wrong.
gerous operations.'For example,
.the President could sidestep the
requirement in case of "extraor,
,
dinary circumstances
The CIA: is'still al ive, but perk
.haps not quite well:
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SPRIT`IGFIELD i'WS (MASS.)
3 MAY 1980
WE SUPPORTED most of the reforms A
In, feingencc recommended ;by the Senate- Intelligence
Committee.
L ue to do so now, that a certain amount of
6. ]JS, _ secrecy is essential to the success of any
intelligence operation - we de
l
red th
p
o
e
congressional... effort. to draft de-
tailed legislation aimed at eliminat-
ing abuses in U U.S. intelligence agen-
cies has been abandoned'1
Senate supporters of a-comprehensive in-
telligence charter specifying legal re-
straints` on the - activities o?.the C,jA and
other organizations - gave up the attempt
Thursday and recommended that a shorter
rein which. had been given to the intelli-
gence comunity -. allowing it to become
a law unto itself. It
Since then, some ,changes have taken
place aimed at reducing, covert activities-
and increasing the supervisory powers of.
Congress in intelligence matters: But. these
changes were not major ones.
and ;weaker bill be substituted for":the . rr REMAINED for Congress to draft the
charter detailed intelligence code, which was in the
marily with changes"in existing; law.
ir.:~k qtr ~.~
SENATE ADVOC ATES concede that this
much, weaker bill could make it easier
than 'it,,- is now for the CIA- to 'undertake
This decision .. is, to say the --least,
unfortunate.
the need for reforms of U.S. intelligence
has been .underlined by investigations con
ducted by the Congress
IN FACT, LNRUUmIES by the Senate In-
telligence Committee only a few years ago
uncovered covert activities-which not only
were an embarrassment to the United
States, but which undercut diplomatic: ef-
forts-, designed to improve relationships
with several countries.
For example, the Intelligence?Committee
of-'that day - the mid-1970s -: disclosed
.
.
n
c
y
,
assassination plots aimed at several ' for- f who wrote the detailednode introducedear.
eign leade
i
t
f
rs;
n
er
erence in the. internal' liar this year should renew his'-efforts :next
affairs of Chile direct
dt th
r
e
e ove
throw of year. .?
the rI1t,u.qev +- ow. w... A -:--?- ` - ? " -
cal groups, and- perhaps most disturbing he. needs the next time around:
of all "experiments.'.with mind-altering
drugs
Sen Frank Church, chairman of that'
committee, voiced outrage.
He -said. that such, tactics cannot be con-
doned and he and, fellow-committee mem-
bers urged sweeping reforms which would
prevent repetition 'of.--,these ... and: other
abuses,
congressional session, at least for lack of
.sufficient support to_pass it in the. Senate
and the House.
CIA..Director Stansfield Turner claims
that the covert abuses of the 1970s shave
been eliminated.
At the FBI,.which changed command a~,
couple of -.. years ago, the same claim isl
made.
We hone that the situation has improved;I
substantially, at both agencies.
NONETHELESS, THERE IS STILL,
some evidence that, at the CIA for exam-
ple, the agency has been using various pro-
fessions, including journalists, as "cover'
Z__ l,... --- -i
Therefore,. Congress should not perman-
ently abandon its effort to draft, and pass ;.a
comprehensive charter governing the act..
71 Sen
. Walter D:
Huddleston of Ke
tu
k
;
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JOURNALISTS/MISSIONARIES
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RUTLAND HERALD (VT. )
14 MAY 1980
BURLINGTON Represen-
tatives at the annual convention of:
the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont
took a firm stand Saturday against
the Central Int ence Agency's
use of ?- Church workers ; for in-
- telligence- gathering. purposes volved with intelligence gathering and food, a workshop- on
They also expressed concern about . - operations s _ ? .. ecumenism and the bishop's call to
the possible. cut-off of-the federal :;The- convention felt?'it 'cruciall' respond to- the-needs needs = of the
that church workers not be used ,b
food stamp program y homeless, hungryand `confused
The. convention unanimously the CIA or- other intelligence people in the world set the tone-for.
endorsed a- resolution. denouncing
the use of church workers`as_'un-
dercover agents ..or information
sources':, for, CIA. activities, and
asked Vermont'sCongressional
delegation to propose as amend-
ment to a Senate bill that. would
liberalize the charter f9r the spy
agency.
The proposed charter would
loosen restrictions on:' covert'ac
tivities, as;-well as use ofjour
nalists;'aca'demicians and church
personnel in intelligence gathering
operations.
had. been approached by.. an in- ' peace, called for at-home recon-.
telligence agentiwho requested he ciliation among all persons to
provide,-.the -agency .with :ins;, offset the current politcal climate
formation. The. minister, told the of "tension and a war-like spirit."
convention: it was his .experience' It, too, was approved.-:.:
that it is better nobto become in- Resolutions on peace;-hunger
organizations to preserve the annual convention,-- which- `met.
"climate-- of confidentiality ' ' of Friday and Saturday at St.- Paul's
fered by, the church and : its CathedralinBurlington.
workers; said Christinek'Hemen- .~;
Way; communications coordinator In his keynote address, the Right
fdr'thediocese ?-Rev. Robert S: Kerr; Bishop of
xi= Vermont,, told the convention,
"There is a separation of clZurch "Charity at-- a distance.- is not
and state, and that. separation enough,"'-;, and challenged' -the
must be respected. and:ithe con- diocese not 'only to provide
fidence_ must. not be violated;" financial help.: but to _-sponsor
Hemenway said refuge families. v. ;. .
Despite the possibility'that the In response to the possible cutoff
CIA might use church'-workers to of federal food stamps beginning
good- ends, Hemenwayr- said` the June 1, the convention passed a '
One minister, whose name- wa's- convention's4feeling,-was that the resolution that pointed out the duty
not+-available,.said'. during < the "end does not'justifythemeans " to support -the hungry with: f
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ROCHESTER TIMES-UNION (NY)
2 May 1980
Admiral Stansfield Ttirner,: director of the Cen
tral.Intelligence Agency, has, by now. been roundly
scolded in- dozens. of,7editor'ial.'7pages across the
country for his opaque position on using journalists
for doing.the:work of the CIA...
Our thought is to put-the di pute-into-a broader
The dispute : arose in . February when: Turner
acknowledged that he-had several timeswaived the '
ban: on CIA use of professionals'`` journalists, ,
clergymen and professors.: -He .told-the American `
Society of Newspaper Editors weekbefore last that
he-had`; approved the service of journalists' three
;.imes- (although they weren't usedp;-
Turner; seemed genuinely bewildered by. the-
storm of protest. Why do you need`a law to protect
your ethics? he asked the editors. Why do you. feel
you "profane.your work" if you accept-a CIA-assign-
ment?Why can't you serve your country and still
feel free? What are you, unpatriotic or some-
-.
thing?
Turner's uncomprehending position was fully en-
dorsed by NIr. Carter two. days later.
They beg the-issue. Journalists are concerned not
for the ethics of those who accept CIA assignments,
butfor the reputation and safety of all those who
don't, -and the integrity of their craft. ,.:.:,
Journalists are not, alone in- feeling threaten'
ed. The- Rev:. William- Howard, president - of -the~1
National Council of Churches, said' in- February that'
Turner, in waiving the ' ban`,' "had impugned - the
reputation of. every American mission-
(with` erious injury to the work of Amery _
ary..
And I? David Stowe-;'executivevice president of
the United Church of Christ's Board for world
Ministries, explained that "ministries around ' the-
world .,...;..depend on=intimate, trustful relation--
ships among Christians and non-Christians of many
nations:. .. We cannot tolerate the jeopardizing of
these relationships by even the suspicion- that mis-
sionaries, clergy or church workers are. involved in
-The-failure of even so-sensitive a CIA director as
Adm.. Turner to understand- this simple truth is
dismayin It may-be wrong to write a_law binding
the CIA in::this, matter, but it maybe necessary-
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WHEELING INTELLIGENCER (W. VA.)
30 April 19.80
Admiral Stansfield Turner,
director of the Central Intellig-
enco--Agency, created an uproar.
among American journalists
recently when he said he sees
nothing wrong with. recruiting
overseas employees of U.S. news
organizations as spies. The state-
.:ment should cause.all Americans
to be equally.concerned.
A major flap resulted. a few
years back when it. was revealed
that the - A had been using
American :, journa. ists overseas
for .covert intelligence gathering
duties. George Bush,. then CIA
director, announced in 1976 that
the practices would be halted.
And Turner, in 1977, reiterated
the policy-with a loophole that
didn't get much attention at the
time: he said the exception would
be if the director specifically
gave his approval.
However, appearing before the
annual convention of the Ameri-
can .Society of Newspaper Edi-
tors in Washington earlier this
month, Turner said he endorses-
the idea of recruiting.a journalist
for CIA duties "when it is vitally
important to the nation." Turner,
who also reversed a previous.
stand and refused to promise that
CIA agents wouldn't ,pose as
journalists' 'said, "I think a lot of
correspondents are patriotic
enough to do this."
We don't. dispute that most.
journalists are patriotic, but
Turner misses the point. Namely,
that the use of even,one journal-
ist for CIA purposes would-have l
an adverse effect on all journal-
ists working overseas for Ameri-
can news organizations. Their
integrity and independence
would be compromised. And the
discovery of a CIA agent posing
as a journalist would cast suspi-
cion on all journalists.
The job of U.S. journalists is to
report the news fairly and.accur-
ately. And to do this they must bel
totally independent. 'A connection
with the CIA or any other govern-i
ment agency would have thel
potential for two things: drying]
up news sources overseas (not!
everyone wants to talk with a'
newsman who also may be a.CIA
spy) - and destroying the confi-
dence of those. back home (a
reader could but wonder about
the objectivity of a newsman
serving two masters).
The New York Times put it this
way: "We argue from the prem-1
ise. that free American inquiry
around the world has a greaterl
value than any occasional intel-
ligence mission."
Most major American news
organizations with representa-
tives overseas prohibit those
employees from working for the
CIA-on the side, and rightly so.
Journalists are the eyes and ear
of the public, and their objectiv1
ity should not be compromised.
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MERIDEN RECORD-JOURNAL (CONN.)
26 April 1980
Editor's notebook
Journa'ists and,CIA agents
a ~C~-.~'n9~e ~aI th bedfe1loWs
By Barbara C White held; ?see; the CIA hiring policy as a threat to ,the ? two
When George Bush was head of. the CIA, the news broke
of enormous value to the country and its safety and well-
that the agency on occasion employed journalists to do its being
work. Sometimes it would: approach people who had,
These are the belief ofthe world and of Americans that
already secured: a position in.. a particular country and our-press is as impartial and objective as it is possible to.
persuade them to?work undercover, along with the regular be,. and the need of journalists to stand before sources and
newswork. Sometimes a-CIA agent would:, masquerade as a potential sources with a fair chance of being judged objec
journalist':; tive; trustworthy.-and deserving of. confidential informa
Newspeople, editors and
reporters, rose up in wrath.
They labelled the policy dangerous to journalists,: demean- The argument for the: CIA-guaranteed independence of
ing,,..:self---defeating;counter-productive, a; threat to the foreign - journalists is parallel to the argument that
freedom of the press. Journalists in this country give for the right to protect their
Bush, to his credit, saw the point. He issued a formal news sources.. For the first time, around, for the short
change of policy insuring.that, journalists accredited by the range, the government - CIA or. the courts - might
U.S: government would no longer be employed by the gov- benefit from the information gathered by journalists. But
ernment as CIA agents or-undercover operators. as soon as it became apparent that some or all journalists
Reversal
formation will dry up or become deliberately twisted at
Editors in Washington recently reacted in shocked dis the source.
o
belief t
the oft-hand remark of the present CIA chief, Ad-
miral Stansfield Turner, .that it is now the. policy of the
deemed necessary. Speaking before the American Society In spite' of Turner's equation of the CIA with simple
of Newspaper Editors, Turner insisted that the change in patriotism, it isn't that simple.
regulations-had been-,made- public. by him during a Asked whether his agency would inform the employer of
Congressionahhearing three.-yearsago. He conceded that the journalist about the extra-curricular CIA work, Turner
the practice is used only when necessary, and that of three answered that he hoped the journalist would communicate
clearances which he has given on it, not one.was put into the facts himself, blow his own cover. No. doubt the
practice. employer is expected to condone 'or encourage the
If, as Turner states, the policy was. publicly and formally moonlighting, again in the interests of patriotism, and to
reversed, then the nation's newspeople were caught with bless the employee and the extra income which the job br- -.
their sources down. The redoubtable Abe Rosenthal of the ings..
New York Times led the questioning and voiced-his dis= But if the journalist has his cover blown by whatever 1
belief that such a change could have gotten by the army of chance, if he is identified as ,a CIA agent, both his pro-
'-
reporters is Washington undetected. fessional reputation and that of his newspaper suffer: His
However it happened, Turner. has no doubts about 'the life may be in danger besides.
soundness of the policy and no intent whatsoever of chang- And how about the very real conflict of interest that-
' covered` an instance of corruption or fraud in the. CIA -
Turner's case: itself? To whom then would he owe loyalty? And would he,_
He puts it on the simple.ground of patriotism like Frank Snepp be bound by CIA. rules not to talk, not
h
at. newsgatherer or editor;
e asks, would not be glad to reveal what he had learned?
to.help.out the government, to perform a patriotic duty, to
small price to pay for the protection newspeople are pro- N N people are not - trying to put themselves or their
vided, and the privileges as citizens which they enjoy? ewspe
Why do the rirs.and editors protest that actions profession above the CIA. They recognize intelligence as a
like this curtail First Amendment rights? It is not that necessary arm of. government, which should be an m-;.
strument, not a shaper, of policy.
they are being. denied freedom; rather they are being of-
The American press. is another arm of the democratic
fered a chance to contribute to it. - . r system, as.strong in its own way
ar
acid sometimes as
Do' journalists think they are more important or that rogant, as any other. Only to the extent that it supplies'?>
their caking is higher than that of the U.S. government news and information which is credible because it is objec=
and its.officials?
clue and thoroughly explored, is it effective.
With all due respect.to Chief Turner, the country will be
Journalists' Cash best served if the press and the CIA keep a wary, arms,
Journalists many of whom have hard experience in the length, well-publicized distance between them.
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NEW ORLEANS TI: S-PICAYUNE (LA)
22 APRIL 1980
By EDGAR POE Patricia Shelby of: Beulah, Miss., as the
(TI 14 s-P srwn.w"99t corr"r+onamt) DAR president. general. Mrs; Shelby, '
WASHINGTON '.The National Sher 40s. and .described .by members
Society of the Daughters of the Amen. .-.generally as probably "the best looking
can Revolution, noting. the hostage cri- president general : in? generations, was
sis:iarIra& and declaring America is .serving as first. vice president generaL.s
endangered bya laclft?of..iternal.secu- Sheheaded a slate of officers that
my Monday appeared officials ~. triumphed- by a one-sidedi vote over the
to "'unshackle and-support an effective :slate- headed by; Mrs:: Winifred Mason,
CIA: and FBL"~ ' =s=. pit1 the. former District: of: Columbia-state
Releasing thiifinat edited copies 6f-a':-regent.,', Mrs. Shelby'lives on< a; :big
series of resolutions organization---. Bolivar County, -Miss .cotton, soybean
went on record urging immediate:mea- .and rice plantation- She: succeeds -Mrs.
surer by Congress and the White House Jeannete Bay' lies, ,outgoing? president
to "restore the milltarystrength of the ,.general from-.Wisconsin...
United=Statesto-its-former position of - -The- first of. the . resolutions-adopted
uoremacy" to insure rvival of our was entitled."The. Eleventh Hour.'.
country ...and to afford=protection..toi This- 300-word measure stated that
the free world. since the end of World War II there has
After concluding-thee final proceed :. -been--a concerted campaign of. unilat-
ing --of-..the 39th Continental Congress eral disarmament and :because of our
at Constitution. Hall Monday, the
Louisiana and on the national level, is i
a member of the. organizatioo~ss resolu4
tions committee:~Mrs. Phyll zr Hlafly'.1
of Alton,-. IIL,.. was chairman o1 the
National. Defense; Committee during)
the administration of Mm Baylies.
Declaring- that: `the United- Nations.
once again has proven its "ineffective-
ness" in trying to aid in the release of,
the American hostages. in Tehran,:thei
DAR.reaffirmed its-. position, in` oppos
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ORLANDO SENTINEL-STAR (FL)
19 April 1980
Unfortunately some people such " as Adm Turn-
erest"i ajomnt
er, and President Carter if he is condoning this
1 e o vrous y an extreme exaggeration, the tion to? deliberately go about gathering intelli-
view of Mr.. Liddy that government secrets should gencefor the government is, a complete subver-
be kept out of the hands of journalists'at all'costs slop of press responsibility. It not only endangers.
is one shared by many government officials: Yet the -life of the reporter, but it does .irreparable
Adm `:Turner and others harm'. to the credibility of the news or anizatio
n
WhI b.. i
But, to. use the cover of legitimate press func-
free the press must -avoiu any official relationship
LAST Thursday former Nixon henchman G. with,the'government, even well-intentioned
Gordon Liddy popped up-o&the television screen snooping on. America's enemies.
,and recalled how he once thought of killing coi-
umnist Jack Anderson'to: keep him from publish- The press can and should snoop
ing it intelligence information;.that the?1Nhite House do so independently and on behalf of the Ameri-
wanted to keep secret can! public :::This does not .mean that the press
== Y,. should go around divulging national secrets or
Exactly a week earlier Adm._ Stansf efd Turner, :publishing intelligence information that would. be
current director of the Central Intelli ence. Agen- detrimental to the national interest. In most cases
cyj. stood' before-the nation's newspapere l or7s any foreign correspondent who stumbles on
and brashly- acknowledged-that the Carter: admin- some important-intelligence information would.
istration has resurrected the practice of recruiting see ,that: it somehow found its way to the proper
AmRrirnn ini trn2lie+e fn- ern, fnr? +I%- 1 Iwi4,' .4 Qa, a
are quite. ready to hire g
and to the-American. press in general.
,.that,;. same.. journalist. to
gather intelligence se- Most of America thought the practice of using
crets; on behalf of the newsmen as spies had ended with the Nixon ad-
government. And they ministration., But now that Adm. Turner has again
will readily suggest that dragged this skeleton out of the closet, it is time
anyone who declines to to.dismantle it forever. The proposed charter for
do so is being the FBI and the CIA, now being considered in
Bu sh less'
unpatriotic. Congress, should be amended to flatly prohibit
The simple translation the recruitment and employment of le9itimate
..
of such a conflict is that U.S. journalists for the purpose of espionage.
. the.-govern
ment would The gathering of foreign intelligence is vital to
7Y::11 I 'really prefer for thet the U.S. interest, and government agencies such ? rs-,ess to be its _agent, as the CIA should go about-the task with resolute
gathering all ,the infor purpose. But the. gathering of news abroad is.alsor
mation rt ca,r but publishing only, what the gov- a vital. function' of- a distinctly separate institution
ernmerlt.wants published That's. the way it_works equally as important to the American people. And
in almost-every-,nation but this one. And the-fact .the two should remain that way
that we don't operate that way, is the:. insurance
that we stilt' have what .is in effect the only truly
free press-in the world today
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CIA AND "CENSORSHIP"
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THE NATION
24 May 1980
SNEPP AND 'CONFIDENTIALITY'
n.
It is much more safe to be feared than to be loved.
?ARYEH NEIER
-Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince (1513)
n March 6, when several Central Intelligence
Agency officials testified at a secret hearing of the
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of
the U.S. House of Representatives, they provided
a fascinating revelation of the values the Agency most
fiercely guards. The hearing was called at the request of
At another point in the hearing,. Aspin asked about the
publication of William Colby's 1973 book, Honorable Men.
Nly Life in the C.rrl. The version published in the United
States was submitted to the C.I.A. - for censorship and
passages disclosing classified information were excised. The
French edition, on the other hand, was not censored.- Not
only was the classified information published but, because
of the discrepancies between the two-.editions, it is possible
to tell exactly what information was classified. C.I.A.-of-7
ficials have long contended that the Agency. suffers the
greatest damage when classified information is not: only
published but also identified -as classified.: It saves any
hostile government a lot of time, makes it plain that the
C.I.A. has a reason to conceal the information and con-
firms its accuracy. Yet, as the following exchange indicates;
at the hearing the C.I.A.'s censors did not demonstrate any
concern about Colby's book:
Mr. Aspin: How about suing Bill- Colby for the proceeds... ,
from the French edition?
Representative Les Aspin of Wisconsin and was intended to
inform the members of the committee about the censorship
procedures that are being employe by the C.I.A. in the
wake of the Supreme Court's Snepp decision.. The C.I.A.
officials who testified are associated with the Agency's
Publications. Review Board; that is, they are the C.I.A.'s
censors. A transcript of the hearing has now been released
by Representative Aspin. Although parts have been deleted,
what remains shows clearly that to the Agency watchdogs,
the. shadow of its- image is more -important. than the
substance of the information it wishes to suppress. -
t the hearing, Representative Aspin inquired
about a passage in the Snepp decision, "where it
says .. that a former i-intelligence - agent's
publication of unreviewed material relating to. in-
telligence activities can be detrimental to viital national inter-
ests; even if the published information-is-unclassified. What
is your view of that?" Ernest Mayerfeld, an attorney in the
C.LA-'s Office of General Counsel,- responded: "Oh, I
most emphatically agree with that statement. That, indeed,
is the.whole point of the Snepp case;-and I think Director
[Stanfield) Turner, in the course of theetr.'al, testified to this
eloquently. He said, if we cannot control: our own employ-
ees, if they can flout the obligation that they have with us,
what kind of a signal are we sending to our sources? What
kind of a signal are we sending to- our cooperators? It
doesn't matter whether there is anything in there or not
which in fact -hurts, but if they can with impunity violate
their obligation and publish, it sends a very bad and danger-
ous message to our sources."
Mr. Wilson [executive secretary of the C.I.A.'s Publica
tions Review- Board]: We could not sue him on the same
ground as Snepp, in my opinion. I am not an attorney, Mr.
Aspin, but Mr. Colby did submit his manuscript for review.
Mr. Aspin: But the book was published in the French edi-
tion without changes.
Mr. Hetu [director of the C.I.A.'s Office of Public Af-
fairs. and chairman of its Publications Review Board]: As we
understand it, Mr. Colby's U.S. publisher had a copy of the
.original manuscript and provided it to the Fr-nch without
making changes.
Mr Aspin: Suppose Snepp had sent his manuscript in and
you had reviewed it but it had been published that way and
somebody could say, gee, the publisher just made a mistake,
would-that have let Snepp off the hook?::
Mr_ Hetu: A hypothetical. I just don't know what would 7.
have happened in that case.
Aspin dropped the line of questioning ;.but; t would bein=
teresting to know what- the C.I.A. officials would have said
if he had pointed out that Colby violated the C.I.A.'s Ter-
mination. Secrecy Agreement by giving an uncensored copy
of his manuscript to his publisher. Under the agreement,
Agency employees pledge never to `divulge, publish or
reveal classified information" to anyone outside the
C.I.A. without its permission. The C.I:A. could have sued
Colby and, since classified information was involved, would
have had an easier time proving that it-suffered damages
than was possible in the case of Snepp_: -
A number of explanations are possible for the decision to.
sue Snepp but not to sue Colby. Snepp was a mere agent,
Colby was the Director of the C.I.A. Snepp is a critic of the
C.I.A., though not one who can be readily typed ideolog-
ically. Colby, despite his embittered relations with other
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former high-level officials of the Agency like Richard
Helms, is a defender of the C.I.A. But a more important
difference seems to be the one that the C.I.A. censors identi-
fied in their responses to Representative Aspin's questions.
By arranging for Random House to publish his book, De-
cent' Interval, secretly, Snepp conveyed the message, as
Mayerfeld put it, "that we cannot control our own
employees." Snepp openly defied C.I.A. censorship. Colby
appeared to comply with C.I.A. censorship, though he did
not actually comply. It may be that Colby disclosed clas-
sified information and that. Snepp.didn't, but as Mayerfeld
said,, "It-doesn't matter whether there is anything in there or
not which in fact hurts."What matters to the C.I.A. is ap-
pearance. Disclosure of C.I.A. secrets is not nearly so bad,
from the Agency's standpoint,. as the appearance. that it
can't keen secrets.
The acknowledgment by the C.I.A. censors that their
concern is with appearances rather than with actual secrets
strong objections of the State Department," and, referring
to a briefing of the National Security Council by Helms,
"His otherwise flawless performance was marred-.only by
his mispronunciation of Malagasy."
At the March 6 hearing of the House Intelligence Com-
mittee
the C
I
A
guardians of security contended that if
,
.
.
.
.The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence were reviewed-today,
they would not try to purge so much. As one of them said,
"I think the bold print would have been obviated .by today's
process which is, in my opinion, a loutighter than it -was
then." Perhaps, though if it is tighter, it is probably because
Knopf embarrassed the C.I.A.- by-clearly identifying the
passages its censors attempted unsuccessfully to delete. As
embarrassing as it is for the C.I.A. -to have that information
revealed, even more embarrassing is for it, to be known-that
the Agency had tried to censor it and- failed.
But the obvious question is, what harm could the C.I.A.
have seen in the revelation of such trivial information?-.Let
us go on the assumption that there was a method to -the
seeming madness of the censors, bearing in mind
Mayerfeld's assertion that the point of-the Snepp case was
to demonstrate 'that the C.I.A. could control its. own
-employees. The appearance of division within the ranks of
the C.I.A. tends to diminish its fearsomeness. Viewed from
helps to explain some of their previous behavior.-Their first
big test came in 1972, when the Agency got a court ` order re=
quiring former agent Victor Marchetti to submit a manu-
script to the C.I.A. for censorship. The C.I.A. censors
specified 339 passages that should be deleted, but in the .
course of litigation they were forced to allow publication of
-I71 passages. In 1974, Knopf published the book, The CIA
and the Cult of Intelligence by Marchetti 'and John D.
:Marks, with blank -spaces for the 168 passages where-the
censors had prevailed and with the 171 restored passages set
in boldface type. Why the C.I.A: ever attempted to censor
many of the innocuous-seeming passages set in boldface
type is-a mystery-until we recall the censors' professed con-
cern for appearances.
Seven pages of.the Marchetti and Marks book.. are de-
- voted to "The Tracking of Che." They provide a._detailed
description of the Agency's role in the capture and summary
execution of Che Guevara in Bolivia. Aside from deleting
all information that might identify the C.I.A.. agents` in-
volved, the only sentence the censors tried and. failed to
excise was this one: "Guevara's last moments were recorded
in a rare, touching message to headquarters from the, C.I.A.
operator:,, . :.x Another section of the Marchetti and Marks book de-
scribes C.I.A. intervention=in the 1970 elections in Chile. A
lot of this was deleted but the censors-left enough to suggest
the general outlines of- CLA. intervention: - Among: the
passages they were forced to restore and that appear in bold-
face type were the following: "Richard Helms, then Direc-
-tor of the CI.A., represented a somewhat divided--. ";-
"The central conclusion had been that forces for change in_
- the developing Latin- nations were so powerful : as to be
beyond outside manipulation," and "The 1968 estimate had
in effect urged'against the kind of intervention. (The
last two references are to a study-of Latin America by.the
C.I.A_'s-Board of National Estimates.)
Other attempted deletions included: "As incredible as it
may seem in retrospect,' some of the C.I.A.'s economic
analysts (and many other officials in Washington) were in
the early 1960s still inclined to accept much of 'Peking's
the perspective of censors
intent on maintaining the Agen- i
cy's ability to inspire fear, many deletions from The CIA
and the Cult of Intelligence that previously seemed merely
capricious begin to-make sense. An account of the C.I.A.'s
-role in the killing of Che Guevara inspires fear. Let it stay in.
But reporting that a. C.I.A. operator sent home "a rare,
-touching message" about Guevara's last moments suggests
that C.I.A. agents may feel remorse about their acts. Censor
it. Censor any passages that suggest that someone within the
Agency or elsewhere in the Government counseled against
intervention in the Chilean elections or against any other
C.I.A. operation.--And censor anything that. makes the
Agency look bumbling, even if it does no more than disclose
that the Director of the C.I.A. stumbled over the pronuncia-
-tion of Malagasy. These revelations detract from the Agen-
cy's efforts to appear as a powerful, efficient and ruthless
.monolith, in ;full control of its employees, unified on all
policies, remorseless against its enemies and insusceptible to
-such human failings, as occasionally :mispronouncing a
.-name.. .., .. ...
During the course of the Snepp litigation, the C.I.A. con-
veyed to.the courts its need for the appearance of control
over its employees. The-Supreme Court explicitly endorsed
this rationale for prior restraint in a footnote to its decision:
-"The Government has a compelling- interest in protecting
both the secrecy of information important to our national
--security and the appearance of confidentiality so essential to
-the effective operation of our foreign intelligence service."
-It is a crucial sentence in the opinion. While the events of the
-last several years have made clear that "information impor-
tant to our national security" is an elastic concept, it is a
model of specificity compared to "the appearance of con-
-:fidentiality." Even revealing that a.C.I.A. official has.dif-
f iculty -in
pronouncing
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pearance of confidentiality. And, since it is that appearance
that matters to the C.I.A., linked as it is to its interest in ap-
pearing as a monolith and inspiring fear, we may be certain
that the censors will not restrict their efforts to protecting
secrets that might injure national security. Now that the
Supreme Court has given therm carte blanche, they will be
restrained only by a concern that someone will again make
them look as foolish as Knopf did by publishing The CIA
and the Cult of Intelligence with their outrageous attempts
to censor clearly visible. -3
A ryeh Neier, a member of The: Nation's Editorial Board, is
adjunct professor of law at New York- University and a
fellow of the New York Institute for the Humanities.
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 STAT
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SAN r ICISO EXAMIi1 .R
27 APRIL 1980
"The. court should have been talking about classified
information Iteiease of unauthorrced information that
dantaUes your c our.lrv should. he ille'aal.- said Edwards.
Instead, the rulin_ suvs.any employee who signed an
employment contract can be prevented. from puhlishing a i
1Nwk or articles about his experiences - even if it t:ontains-
no classified or non-public material:-. Furthermore. any
profits;from the work van be takemawac.
'
In% Edwards
. opinion. the- rulinw?hreathes ?a-: key !e aI I
principle- ,2overntnent tna'v not itnnos4--anv- form of prior
censorship on free spe . h
"Indeed:-the Bl11 nt' RightsFIrst Amendmenrwas written-^j
spe ifically to forbid the kind-of laws thew prevalent in 17th-
centur!j England. that:. required t 3overnntent license to
publish books." Edwards noted.
. subcommittee is calling five experts m constitutionat
state its.side. of the t se:
SAN: JOSE~REP DON EDWARDS'
Plans; congressional hearings on CIA, agent`s case
Edwards isa former intelligence man tTith ..- i an es
FBI agent who served" in ;;aval.inte-lligence (luring World'.
War.I1: He is also a Stanton! La,w;School graduate and was a
California: businessman before his electiott= to.Conerestr1ti'
years-ago.. He has been suhc ommittee ihairmanforalmost. IY
Edwards: said the raa,joi its ' of :his patter feet s:.itrrsnrEir-,
about the Snepp decision and sass they intend to look into
five areas of major public concernn the issue:-
? The puhlie., interest: in learning ahotii.riiisconduct
through uncensored hooks. artictc's.and .apt 'he% by former
employees.
? The legitimate interest of agencies such asethe.Cl_T-arid
FBI in- protecting classified infurniationt. tss,fiew legislation
decided to take on the Supreme CGitit t of these Utiiied States:
"Yes. I'm-suggesting?.that the Supreme Court,has violated
the First, Amendment.-. Edwards said, recently;: talking about i
the 'court's Februan'' de etsion ;it"a- CIA case that the
_uvernment. has power tocensor its employees
"The court's ruling is sit broad-a-Forest Serviceemplovee
uouldrit even,,:make a,- eectr about his :experiences in rite .-
include everything.
Edwards'has called hearings nest. mouth of h1 Jidiciary. --
Committee subcommittee oit civil; and constitutional.-tiehts
to thrash out the matter anti 1rante.new legislation-,
? The impact of the court's d"?ision on censorship .
clauses in employment contracts of other federal agencies..
or The problem of apparent selective enforcement .Ws'
pre-learance required in writings and speeches by former.
Secretary of - Stare Henrv Kissinger: anti- former C?LA'
directors William Colby and Richard Helots'
? The administrative process u'.ett in .preclearance; Is'
there: dire prtxess'' Is there.:appeal from -the,ugemys
decisions''
At a recent- Senate Intelligence Comnt!ittee hearing,.
Robert :Lewis. a spokesman for the Society-of. Professional.
Journalists iStgma Delta`(...ht expressed alarm over the scope-
o(the agencys secrecy contracts. ?_.
In::;effeeti said., revvis,of, the,.soctett's.fregdom-:.of
information committee,. 'employees are forced-to sign away-
their First Amendment. rights of free speectr~.and free press
for the rest of their tires. '
At a House Intelligence' Committee brieftng:`last nionth.'-
ag ! LLA punitcatiuns review. Chairman Herbert.Hetti.admittecl:
Interval." by former CIA ? sent }t'rank'Snepp: Although it the revie~~.system was-selective`;burar~uecttbatsitm~z '
was said to contain nost~crets the-high court upheld a ru lin-
confiscating- Sl15111A) the boob':earned: -for Snepp and
ordering him to submit , future wrtttngs to the agency. for
s(reening..?
In accepting employment as-an, agent: Snepp? had signed a
secret?v agreement with the. CL-t But he (lid not submit- the
hook fur--CIA. approval. The-court said that- even: without
officials-could be. trusted% more than others.
It' is- almost. impos.>iiile to keep up.?w itlt %-ere thir> . he,
said. observing:,
"Thereare t;fot of thitws that take prate "you know- that
we just. can't keep track of.: People, vh on: tali sho-'. Make i
extemporaneous speeches: a4 sorts of- thin, t.; ~'
Of 1912 manuscripts his board.. has..-revie~ipcthe notett;
only three had been disupprove-C'
Independent set rew~< bpi ads hav e l en , ttgge-ted ur
Congress
stuar an, agreement.. the government..could impose restric?,
t tons that would otherwise violate- the. First kAmendment
guarantee-of ,tree speet?h.
Thus. boLsterrd-. thr government; initiated., breach-of?
contract cases against two more ex-.JA.men-- .
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ARTICLE Y1PP7 A
ON PAGE-
FIRST PRINCIPLES
CENTER for NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
MAY 1980
nepp: The se fur J d c al ~esIraf -1
by Anthony Lewis
The Warren Court was often chided by conservatives
for failing to exercise self-restraint-for reaching out to
decide issues instead of leaving them, at least in the first
instance, to the political branches of government. Given the
great power of the Supreme Court, it should be wary of
overreaching. But the caution should apply whether a novel
decision is being made in the interests of the individual or
of the state.
In the case of Frank Snepp, the Court reached out for
novel doctrine that greatly enlarges the state's power to
suppress what it defines as official secrets. The Court
acted without explicit congressional guidelines, in an area,
where Congress has done much legislating, and it acted in
a summary manner that violated its own traditions. The
result is to give this country the first elements of an
Official Secrets Act: the statute that in Britain has been
condemned by repeated studies as an unjustified obstacle
to informed democratic control of government.
Snepp was.a Central Intelligence Agency man in
Vietnam. After leaving the agency in 1976 he wrote a book,
Decent Interval, that criticized the performance of
Secretary of State Kissinger, Ambassador Graham Martin,
and CIA officials in the final days-criticized them in
particular for leaving behind, when the Americans pulled
out in 1975, many Vietnamese who had worked for the CIA
and other U.S. agencies.
Like all CIA employees, Snepp on joining the Agency
had signed an agreement not to publish anything about it
without its prior approval. In the earlier case of Victor
Marchetti, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
had decided (and the Supreme Court declined to review the
decision) that that promise was a legally-binding contract.
enforceable by injunction. But Decent Interval appeared
before officials knew about it: too late for an injunction
against publication. The government instead sought to
penalize Snepp financially, to discourage others from
following his example.
Damages are the usual remedy for breach of contract;
but in suing, the Government sought something more:
a "constructive trust" that would take all of Snepp's
profits from the book and give them to the Government.
It won that from the trial judge, but the Fourth Circuit
said the proper remedy was punitive damages, fixed by a
jury. Snepp asked the Supreme Court 'to review the whole
theory that his promise was an enforceable "contract."
Gu st
Point of
View
The Government opposed review, saying that it was content
with the Fourth Circuit decision. But if the Supreme
Court heard the case, it said, it would argue for the
constructive trust remedy. -
The Supreme Court took the case and decided it
summarily, without hearing argument. A 6-3 majority, in
an unsigned opinion. found that Snepp had violated both,
his "contract" and a "trust inherent in his position." The
Court imposed a constructive trust on Snepp, requiring
The manner of the decision was extraordinary. Because
the government had only conditionally raised the question
of the remedy, saying it was satisfied with what it had won
in the Court of Appeals, Snepp's lawyers had not briefed
the legal issue of constructive trusts-much less had an
opportunity to argue it orally. Justice Stevens, in the
dissenting opinion, said he had been able to find no
precedent for the Supreme Court thus reaching out to decide
a question without -givino counsel some chance to discuss
i t.
The matter-the substance of what was decided-was
even more remarkable. For the Court did not stop at
holding that CIA employees who sign formal secrecy
undertakings are legally bound by them. It.did not stop at
affirming that those persons may be enjoined from writing
or speaking about the agency's secret work, as Victor
Marchetti was, or may be financially punished for
publishing without prior clearance. The Court raised the
possibility that those draconian devices may be applied to
anyone in government who has access to significant
classified material.
"Quite apart from the plain language of the [secrecy]
agreement," the Supreme Court said, "the nature of Snepp's
duties and his conceded access to confidential sources and
materials could establish a trust relationship." Elsewhere
the opinion implied that Snepp's position not only could but
did create "a fiduciary obligation" not to say anything
without his superiors' approval.
Thousands of people in the Defense and State
Departments and elsewhere have access to material as secret
as that known to Frank Snepp. who was not a high CIA
official. Potentially, therefore, any one of those persons can
be enjoined from speaking about abuses irR his agency or
deprived of his royalties for publishing without approval
a book critical of agency policy. In effect the Court has
given the government the outlines of a broad new secrecy
law, which future judicial decisions can fill in.
( flWTIAuiD
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2
What is especially surprising is that the Supreme Court to show the censors that material once classified had come
took such a far-reaching step when Congress had pointedly into the public domain. They also tried to delete "whole
declined to do so. The United States has never had a sections of a chapter describing how a typical KGF3 station
statute generally prohibiting the disclosure of classified operates abroad," even though that was no secret to the
information. Absolute liability for such disclosure has been Soviets. But higher officials were persuaded to leave
attached by Congress only to specific categories of highly- those in.
sensitive information, notably that related to codes and "Fortunately," ;Meyer wrote. "the Federal courts have
nuclear data. The Ford Administration proposed a new held that it is not sufficient for the government to prove
statute to restrict intelligence disclosures, but Congress that information has been stamped `secret.''I'he burden of
did not passit; proof is on the government to demonstrate that release
It has been a fundamental rule of the Constitution of the information could cause damage to the national
that the Executive rtirry not apply to the citizen, or get the security."
courts to apply, a remedy that Congress has declined to Unfortunately, Meyer's optimism is not supported by
authorize. That Separation of Power-doctrine, as it is the judicial record to date. Courts have been highly
called, was a major ehment in the Supreme Court's reluctant to second-guess classification decisions by the
Pentagon Papers deci: irni of 1971. Five members of the CIA. The Fourth Circuit in the second Marchetti case,
Court noted that Congr?,'ss had not authorized the Knopf v. Colby, held that a classification stamp was
injunction sought by the government against publication of sufficient without proof of likely damage to the national
the papers by The New York Times. Justice White said: security.
At least in the absence of legislation by Congress. Congress ought to provide the explicit guidelines that
based on its own inve,;ti,,ations anal findings. ! am quite are inevitably lacking when the Supreme Court makes law
unable to agree that the inherent porce?rs oftheF.ecutive so suddenly in an uncharted field. At a minimum the
and the courts reach so /ar as to authorize remedies extreme remedies of prior restraint-injunctions against
havingsuchstir?eepingpotentiaforitrhibitirgpublication writing and speaking about government activities-and of
by the press. financial punishment should be restricted to a limited
In many ways, then, Snepp was an extreme example number of agencies explicitly authorized by Congress to
of judicial "activists"-the word usually invoked by impose a secrecy contract as a condition of employment
conservatives to condemn now doctrine in favor of (in certain highly sensitive positions). And censorship
individual rights. \Vhv did the majority reach out so far should be allowed to reach only those matters that could
to make law in behalf of government secrecy? The best guess really, as Cord Meyer said, damage the national security:
is that the justices were impressed, even awed, by the It is up to Congress now to supply what Justice White
functions of the CIA-and were genuinely outraged by in the Pentagon Papers case said must underlie judicial
Snepp's behavior. An unusual footnote to their opinion remedies, especially in the area of speech and publication:
said every President since Franklin Roosevelt had legislation "based on its own investigation and findings."
considered an intelligence aT:,.ncy "essential to the security
of the United States and--in a sense-the Free World."The Anthony Lewis is a columnist for the New York Times.
footnote ended, "See generally T. Powers, The Alan Who These views are not necessarily those of the Times.
Kept the, Secrets (1979)." The justices were no doubt
unaware that the Powers book, unlike Snepp's. makes
significant disclosures of classified material.
One important question now is how the CIA will
exercise its broad new censorship authority. Will it try to
prevent publication of merely embarrassing material, such
as the fact (which it first cut from Marchetti's manuscript)
that Richard Helms had mispronounced the name of the
Malagasy Republic? Or will it censor only genuine
intelligence secrets? The Fourth Circuit upheld deletion
whose tepid character has been demonstrated in later FOIA
releases of some of the material.
Cord Meyer, who has written'a book covering his 26
years with the CIA, described in The Washington Star
his experience with "how peacetime censorship is working
in this country." Meyer said he saw no tendency to delete
merely embarrassing or critical material. But he did find
some "real problems" in getting his manuscript cleared by
the agency, he said. He had , to spend much time and money,
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FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
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GARDEN CITY NEWSDAY(N. Y.)
4May1980
der Cover:
~.TS"azgon in 1975 As a conditon;of his. the benefits of his ai essness
By Townsend HOapes :.employment by,the. CIA, Snepp-had . The- arbitrar : treatment. of; the
There area number of indicators,-.}signed an agreement promising hot : case and the vehemence of the" lan
in the wake oftlie Soviet invasion 'of } ; Publish ``any information relating guage employed is the -final judg
Afghanistan;,that thegovernment;' tothe agency eitherduringoraft er j..menthave suggested to quite afew
the Congress and.the courts areim the term of his em ploymentwithout Washington observers that; the Su-
pelled..toward-a return. to greater se. specific priorapproval'oftheCIA:By premeCourtwasrefIectingia"part,_.
crecy in dealingwith the public and`' a ,separateY undertaking, -'he .bound its frustration at the-
toward a greater insistence on-inter: .himself "notto disclose any classified or disloyalty of its own. clerks", as"re--.
ormation relating to -the ;agency;vealed in the..pages of the best-selling
na1- discipline-4~"governmen~1-
,=--- - _--- ___.L?. , ,, W-1
UVPU-VUL1CUUW' alilL'agClil.1CD ..
Seizing theymo 5?nepp did not submit the- manu court's hard line in support of greater
it
I
di
i
li
h
h
h
l
f
.was emp
sc
p
ne t
roug
out t
e
oyee
R ?revie u XW, and
or
b e seekin m al exemp of
his
n
f
r a
din
l
i
-
i
ti
i
ed
tractua
ce
g.'.
co
. v
? `? - _.
_ ?
ona1F
o
sceralreac
on YV .a perce
v
em-
Act, under Kwhi agreement as that the. manuscript. barrassment in its-own house..,..,
quest and obtain unclassified mated rears relating to operations: contained . no, "classified": informs ;,f-The net result of the Snepp litiga
.of` - .
government departments and agent- lion-that_is no secret or sensitive;.. tion is to.narrow the First Amend=
Gies. The nt CIA des effort seem now ag ter i information-and-. that publication, meat rights, of-present and former
have been: largely ort chieved throtigl `was; accordingly. his right. under they government -employees associated
e~last week of throe s First: Amendment... The CIA -'su'ed .. with agencies. handling national se-
the been
sional efforts to carte a of con camprehen him for breach. of contract, arguing. curity information and to. create se-
that-the question of whether the in-. vere deterrents to their readiness to
rive. coder of behavior. for the formation. disc as . test those rights.
intelligence. community that would
and the.-.CIA, the decision
or. purposes. of-- e. li have specified restraints. at th
gateon, the= CIA` conceded the loge ly
fits the situations at the
The CIA. is already ampl
d.Definse Departments and
informs on, was no secre Sta
.vided with legal safeguards a
other&.But the.most disturb
Mye Cut: ouji.. r -
ea
the release of secret-or sensitive Court, :and. that, body's strange and ing aspect of the Supreme Court de-
formation and pioposed legislative abrupt handling of the case has cre- cision is its failure to indicate any
"reforms" would-not-have changed rated a,firestorm of controversy and limits on the use of pre-publication
that. Journalist Robert Lewis, anxiety n.the publishing industry. review agreements. In
theory, the
speaking as chairman of.the Free-
ad of- inviting formalbriefs--Snepp-decision opens the way for..
Inste
dom of Information Group of the So- from both sidess studying ; these, and... the Department of `Agriculture or
ciety of ` Professional Journalists hearing oral .argument=which. is the Bureau of Mines to impose simi-
before the Senate Select Committee the-usual procedure-the court de-- lar contractual obligations on their.
on Intelligence;. "stated Ghat then cided the case:: summarily without workers which, could of course
Freedom of.:'Information Act rere- any bnefl or, ,argument.-'.I e voserve primarily to protect such. gov ,
cents an equitable:: balance, between against :Snepu was ernment.operations- againstwas sharp disagreement: within the-govern.
ment.on how hard ` a line` the-United States should.'
take, with "- The censored words were, ` :..:white;
minority regimes of South Africa,. Rhodesia: and the
Portuguese.- colonies of-Africa,Vp *.~; y F
No big. secret ,there .
Some degree of secrecy- is'obviously. necessary
for, others intelligence agencies to`o'operate protect
their.agent and U& security- It's "clear,. however,:
that- giving, Pe CIA too. broad- a; power..to,censor
information( about itself can result ua:coverup of ;;{
harness or.merely embarrassing information
The First Amendment ta? the Constitutions grant ':`
ing freedoms of the! press, ;protects the - right :and-',
responsiblity of. the .American. people to_ scnthnize '
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CENTRAL AMERICA
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i14 GZ__Z7
U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT
26 May 1980
Woridgrarn
Accused American spies of setting fire to a nursery in the Cuban capital.
Charged the Central Intelligence Agency was involved in a May 10 incident
in which Cuban MiG jets sank aBahamian patrol boat.. Then two MiG'.s buzzed a
U.S. Coast. Guard helicopter on a mission in the Bahamas. Despite a later
Castro apology, U.S. still feels he is covering up "intense edginess" in Cuba..
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ARTICLE APP A.R .
01V PAGE _
WASHINGTON STAR (GREE^ii Lr )
21 MAY 1980
..; ---- ---- ------- ?.._....... ....- J ...w..,-,. u. a.LGJJ al1Y I.VWWLLlUJGUl. UJ
State Dent. Of f icial technicians and advisers; as, well as restore constitutional rule. ,
t
s
'
eacher
and~doctorsbut-he said the:` Guatemala ?h`tetified fe
? _e:sacs.
r arras That Caste United.$tates_.is providing financial some of the same political and ecco:
I assistance. so that small:farmers and .nomtc problems which-.led to, the.
a ` Se~arne. older democratic .labbr-can.contribute'to strife in El-Salvador He-- said the
1. the reconstruction of.the.country United States has noted'encouraging
By Jereiniah.0'Leary t; s t ht:E1,Salvador, Bowdler'said; the ' new, programs aimed at improving
past agigaStar starrwrner ~y ' ' . United States is vigorously support the lot of: the poor majority in Guate
C 5
ubaisno? tine cause oithepoltti . ing_ the Junta of young-officers and Ma la and that US policy is to su
-
p
;
cal turmoil, fn -CentraLAmeric& but, Christian `. Democrats,. which has port these positive developments
may. be tempted. to'adopt_a. bolder, launched agrarian reforms and is * "1 tell: you-frankly, we-are not,:
and more. revolutionary. role. in the.. under assault. from. the left and. the :-satisfied with the state of our rela;'
region; a_Carter administration offs right He testified that rightist ele tions," .Bowdier-said. We under:'
cial told the; House inter American meats are financing, a campaign : of :: stand Guatemala's7legitimate se
affairs.subcommittee.yesterda}i., - assassinations against those cooper .'- curity concerns 'but 'we ,cannot
Assistant.Secretary... of State for ating with-the reforms while the _. underwrite approaches that are not
Inter American Affairs: William G. leftists are assassinating agrarian re- based on respect for human rights
Americas.-future wilt be decided by terrorizing peasants . 7 ;; A formerCIA official: Dr, Cletio Di
Central'Americans because"feu, of Bowdler.said- Honduras does not, Giovanni. took a different view: He
them want to,repeat the Cuban ex now face a serious threat from inter- . suggested that Nicaragua has-ac
perience:,. nal tensions and that the de facto .: quired a .Marxist government that:
Describing U,S_ policy,toward the: military-.~ government.. respects El Salvador is fightinp. fnr
five Central American nations, Bow-
dier said,,"Werecognizethat change,
is both natural and:. inevitable and.
that peace in the region depends ,on
social, economic and political 're-
forms to strengthen the+rights of the
individual
"The q4%. wilt not use force in
situations-".where only,:domestic
groups are in cdntentiow,.- e" _ will
not attempt to impose our. viiews:'We
human rights and ctvii1liberties. He - against Communist.forces andthat
said. the United States `is impressed 'Guatemala fears with justification
with the-Honduran government's so- that it will be next.
harbor no illusion thatwe'can stib--:
stitute ourselves forCentral:Ameri :`
can , leadership ,but we can' and_wilt
supportlocalreforminitiatsves_;.~
Bowdler said-Ni2araguas'Ieaders
ultimately.could`choose an authori
tarian. system which could m, can
alignment with.the Cubans and. Rus-,.r
sians.. Buthe,.saidthe.Nicaraguan-'
revolution's. course is still'.compat` =
ible with. an open. pluralistic:society..:.
He asserted that Nicargua today re-
mains a largely. open. society. but
added that the decisive factor will be
economic performance, notideol~
ogy.?The United States, he.said. has
not intention of abandoning. the--
field there to the,Cuban&
Cuba has' provided. Nicaragua's'
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ARTICI3 AI'
ON ?AG /
ah amas see'thes over. a ro oatsinking::1
t I b
By'Stepben Webbe
The Christian Science Monitor
Staff correspondent of ? .
Nassau, Babsmast coastline in ques on r 54, -to avoid a'second brush with the Royal
A., __4 ,.__s M>e .,nne,
C
of 700 sun-drenched islands, is seething with :of Babamians, noweveF. . The Cuban Communist Party, newspaper
anger. When a Cuban delegation headed by Granma>. which serves as a mouthpiece for
naval design and painted in naval gray, but. ? of those men back, but we don't want to be- be behind a Bahamian patrol craft on a rou
...1__.:? L_~., ?L., A..._..._~.:.,_ - . - 1. fi?,e .,.?h.ni ni-4n1,n... ?.?.. ? ., rn.e
vessel is regarded as patently absurd`here. pare, :chairman of the- ruling Progressives Lynden O: Pindling. the Prune Minister o
Not only was the- Flamingo of typically) Liberal Party. "Nothing can bring the lives:' the Bahamas: observed: "The CIA couldn'
ously a Bahamian- patrol boat for a pirate ably," said rally.- organizer Andrew May Countering the charge in-Granma last week,
:._ y 'Says Mr._ Adderley"The Cubans have a
The notion that the Cuban fighter pilots placards.
hamas itself is a victim of the action of these
cept that. the 104-foot' Flamingo was', ing:. the , Cuban emissaries;- while:.:others
But.?Cuba's regrets have not: moilifiedz~-and Castro 's Cuba, some 400 demonstra- monopolize smuggling, gambling.-. and
mingo for a pirate vessel and has expressed ,, Brandishing handwritten slogans such as;' ~mehow engineered "the pirate attack"-on
deep .regret. at?sinkiug:.it: in. a: savage- air "Murdering Cuban pigs' and "Immoral the fishing boats., "In the Bahamas. com-
i4Iajesty's:.rBahaaiian::.Ship; (HNIBS)?; Fl - " airport. editor alized,.implying that CIA agents had
kitlin four Bahamian marines nin :meeting on the incident wroth Mr.-,Adderley attacking the two Cuban fishing boats in in-4
g yam:.
and was, at the time of the attack, flying two
Bahamian flags. -
`.`The more we find out, the more itseems
the whole thing was deliberate, says Paul
Adderley, the Bahamas" external-. affairs.
minister.
- The Bahamas government is-seeking a
formal and unconditional apology- from.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
19 May 1980
But intelligence_circles in Washington in-1 Mr.:.Adderley suggests the fishing boats
tarns submarine bases on the section of custody. and, in the case-of the Ferrocern
ti
The Bahamian account of the Flamingo's__ Adderley says that the Flaminga
sinking is the following: was not carrying out any surveillance oper-1
HMBS Flamingo was ona routine patrol ation for either the. CIA or British intelli
is Bahamian territorial waters -when-. it gence and that it did not have any monitor
sighted two Cuban fishing boats. The two. ing equipment aboard. Neither,. he . adds
boats fled on sighting the Flamingo, which does the Ferrocem 165;-which is being exhi
gave chase, arresting them for illegally fish- ited to the press today (Monday) at th
ing. Coral Harbor base of the Royal Bahama
ea ed overhe
d
ft
oo
C
a
s
n app
uban airs a
u
guara
at
err
or
a
a:
e
s
n
, Defense Force.
rity will be respected in the. future; and presumably -in answer to a distress call Could the fishermen have been- inteili
compensation for. loss of the Flamingo and f from one of the fishing boats, and approxi- operatives? lir. Adderley doubts it
its four marines:. matey 55 minutes later two or gence
three MIG- {
Reestablishment of good relations- be-: 21s swooped out of the sky, ,fired warning He thinks the-Cubans may have wanted to
tween Nassau -and Havana,: says-Mr- shots across the Flamingo's bows, then , world snatch they back could their mount a fishermen to successful show rescuthe
e
Adderley. "depends entirely on the: Cu,_ . blasted it-with rockets.The crew least clear
bans." The Cuban delegation sentto the Ba ~f_the-sinkinitFlanzinao_buttheSoviet-huilt operation in contrast to the recent:US detia.
hamas to iron out the crisis, he notes, 'put a aircraft returned and machine-gunned them 1 cle in the Iranian desert. - -:1
very weak case..' He added that- "the eyoun- u? as- they-, swam-_ Four men-sank-beneath the;. ::That' the Cubans never, left their- helicop
ger fellows- seemed ashamed of the whole waves ter. he-feels, may have?more to do with th
;. :.. , . ? ,The survivors boarded the Ferrocem 165 appearance of two US jets over Ragged Is
thing. really."- ;., ~ , - ? -
ButMr Adderley is.wary of predicting.,-and made:tbeir.way to Ragged Island, tak=land than uncertainty as to what opposition
that the required apology will be. -thg-with them the eight Cuban, fishermen they might encounter on the ground: - -
forthcoming. S - they. had. detained earlier. Aboardthe rusty
Last week a Cuban Navy defector report- vessel, the Bahamian marines found a con-
edly told. US-. authorities in Miami that ..siderable quantity of- snappers. groupers;
Cuba's action against the Flamingo could and-jacks.: 30 crawfish traps and canned l
perhaps be explained by the proximity. of., food from the Soviet Union.:
two Soviet submarine bases to the spot The seven-man. Cuban.- delegation that
it
nt
e th
t
it
l i
C
b
a
i
where the incident. took place. Informed flew, into - Nassau last. week continues to
sources here contend that the Soviet Union .. maintain. that Cuba's MIG-21s had been
"overbuilt" a fishing port on Cuba's north--. scrambled to attack what was thought to be
east coast and that the additional facilities- a pirate ship bent on kidnapping the crew, of
are. indeed, used by Soviet submarines : the two fishing boats-
Approved For Release 2009/06/05: CIA-RDP05T00644R000501390001-6
 Approved For Release 2009/06/05: CIA-RDP05T00644R000501390001-6
QY PAGl 18 MAY 1980
BIG ANThUISIPAA1Jr,
IS STAGED BY CUBANS
Hundreds of Thousands in Havana
March Through Day to Protest
Boycott ahdNavat-Base -:
ByJO THOMAS;
sands of Cubans marched today past the
offices the United States maintains here.
Cordons of blue-shirred' Cuban' militia
stood between, the,parade and the build-
ing to make sure the-demonstration?re-
mained peaceful
The parade,, a: -protest,, against: the
United States :economic blockade, intellf-
gence overflights-and the military base at
Guantanamo; began at 10 A.M. led- by a
prancing white horsewhose rider carried
a Cuban flag..Itwas expected to continue
until late inthenighL ..;'
The offices;.called- the~United States in-
terests section. and maintained- in" the
seven-story -former American Embassy
building, were blocked off not only by the
militia but also with plywood nailed over
all first-floor doors and windows.. Still
lying; on the sidewalk ins front are the
bricks thrown In a melee two weeks ago,
when 383-Cubans now In the building took
. refuge there.: ,
Today's marchers carried signs saying
Yankees get your claws out of the Carib-
beaa'_' and "Worms go home,", and car-
toons' showing Cuban refugees leaving
the country with the- comment, "Good .
bye,orphans."..
Inscribed T-Sb its Provided';:'
For the-. occasion. the' Cuban Govern-`
meneprinted up hundreds of T-shirts with
suc}rsslogans:.as'J'No spy,. flights"'. and
Yankees out: of Guantanamo."; Many
, werewearing T-shirts inscribed, "I am a-
. `, `1?; Tlzeiaarch.along the Malec6n, the sea-
I side-avenue in downtown Havana, moved
rapidly. Marshals urged haste whenever
the- crowd slowed for the televison cam-'
eras near the interests section, which is
affiliated with the Swiss Embassy.
By midafternoon the only casualties.
!were people who.. fainted in the heat and
weree carried -out. and revived by the.
Cuban Red Cross.-
United States officials, as rehensive
about the march, had regarded 'with
alarm repo in the Cuban press a ;-ne
c,entra.i inteiu ence Agency , -
rung a 11re in a y-care center here, a
e to es strongly
es. n p e
seem to 5NIV-47,
"-