PRESS CLIPPINGS MARCH 1980

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05T00644R000501360002-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 87
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 5, 2009
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 3, 1980
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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7 MARCH i,
WEEK of
PRESS ~.,
Ma,,oh L 7g PINGS
8p
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CHARTERS
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THE NEW YORK TIMES
3 Ma1rch11980
Get IWrLting From the
Intelligence chief Stansfield Turner's? message to bill.- Having nominated as watchdogs 'members w h6,
the Senate Intelligence Committee is. a setback for:.; know how-to keep secrets. Congress should now insist)
those who have worked so patiently to create a legisla- on consultation prior to politically sensitive clandesttna
tive charter for the C.I.A. And It Is a dramatic display operations. No one argues for a Congressional veto, but!
of the need for that charter. . . I I the legislators can advise against operations that seem l
necessary.
Admiral Turner testifies that, yes, the Administra- Ill-conceived and appeal to the President if
tion still wants a law spelling out what our spies may Admiral Turner resists with. unconvincing argu-
and may not do. But he balks at a key section of the ments about leaks. He says he can't ask agents to risk
pending charter bill - the one requiring the agency to their lives, or foreign agencies : to cooperate;: when
give Congress confidential advance notice of the risks- there is danger or the appearance of danger of expos?I
est covert operations abroad. He casually discloses ing an ongoing operation. But he points to no leaks from
that he has not always given the notice the cotmttee Congress even under the admittedly excessive number s
thought he had promised. And he implies that if Con. of reports currently required Like so many other invo-
gress insists "national security," are exaggerated
on advance notice, the entire. bill may be- cations of
come stalemated and die
it ill
alie challeng
thi
.....
,
s W-
If Congress ignores
risk more than its credibility as watchdog. The failure .' The Admiral's disquieting testimony underscores)
will demonstrate that the nation: has not truly con in yet another way the need for written rules governing'
quered the intelligence excesses of the past. Complai- intelligence activities.
sant Congress as' have permitted unsupervisediforeign At his 1977 confirmation hearing, he promised to
adventures - assassinations, coups, rigged elections ' try to report all covert operations in advance. But he
-- in America's name without demanding that they be.. seemed to be promising more than that -The only ex-
squared with America's values or even interests... ception he foresaw was. "an extremely rare occasion,
when it.was not possible to provide information on cov-
? ertactions in advance..:."
The post-Watergate proposals for Congressional "There is always the possibility," he said at that
oversight captured the essence of reform. But the time, "that something might come up in the middle of
system . itself became excessive, requiring re ports the night when a decision, has to be made right now, and 1
to seven or eight committees. It was also din- that is the kind of thing that I have in mind in not want.
adequately grounded in law- an aggregation of legis ing to be pinned down absolutely." Now he tells the!
lative riders, Presidential orders, regulations] and un- committee that he has made unspecified exceptions on
derstandings . _ . _. I top of his middle-of-the -night exceptions.-
. .
These were always meant as stopgaps until a com- So the loose arrangements get looser. The C.I.A.
prehensive charter could be enacted. But the C.I1A. interprets them narrowly or broadly to suit itself. andl
now shows less interest in the charter than in relief tells Congress what it pleases. More than ever, having
from particular restraints. The system is working well, an effective and responsible intelligence establishment
Admiral Turner is saying, and needs only a few adjust- requires that Congress provide a legally binding com-
gress should not settle for a G.I~ relief pact between that establishment and the rest of society
ments. But Con
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 ARTICLE AP
ON PAGE
. CLEVELANDIPLAIN DEALER
3 MARCH 1980
tivities and spell out in law when, The proposed charter thus le-
and how. such clandestine opera gitimiies the kind of secret,. infor-.'i
tions s-may and, may not take place ` . ma-1 arrangements that have
shielded recent presidents from
Touted as at reform. measure, a public scrutiny for their .foreign.
Carter administration-backed policy mistakes. This approach
charter proposal '(Senate Bi11 2284} (which the Vietnam and Watergate
has,'finally:.jemerged, but :it could
t make, a bad experience was said to have buried)
F or the .cold situation: even worse ..
. not only contradicts basic demo
ware revival has given
-. i cratic notions of governmental ac-
the,:.;intelligence bureaucrats they
I countability, it leads as a practical
perfect., opportunity:: to,. portray, a', matter,. to ill-considered and poorly
.CIA -f ettered. by congressional I
nudreioht and nn'inmrisitive nithlie l prepared foreign intervention.:
By David Atkins
Four years ago, candidate Jimmy:
Carter: decried the. abuses and ex-.
'cesses1tcommitted..byi the Central
Intelligence Agency:: in - the, name
"of: national. security: Today; Presi
"'dent-??Jiimmy Carter, is. leading the
bandwagon to. remove, what he calls i
"unwarranted restrictions on U.S.;
~ . intelligence. agencies;;
The current cold: war "revival'
has, blinded some to. the blunders?
that took place during the "original
production,":, many of,'which were
committed bran unauthorized and .I
:.)
unrestrained army of iCIA."covert
action":.operatives
Since 1947, ahe CIA has operated
under loosely defined standards `
which virtually ':exempted; the
agency from congressional or pub-
lic oversight of its. operations. or
.even its expenditures of tax dollars.
Although the agency was conceived
of primarily as a, foreign intelli-
gence collection "and.".analysis. I
operation,. its- euphemistically
=named' Directorate of Plans con-
ducted,. according to. the Senate Se-
lect Intelligence -(Church) Commit
.tee's-:1976 report, close to .?'1,000 `
major coyert action projects .
These: activities ranged"; from
financial.:support
for anti-Commu-
,
nist newspapers and-, political
parties ' in Western' Europe; to the
i.''destabilizing'T: ofr'governments ' in
Guatemala and Chile, to exotic
::assassination-plots:against; foreign
?aeaders:in the Congo'and.Cuba -and.
paramilitary operation's in Laos'and
Angola.
- Disclosure ofe CIA's sordid
:. past in: the wake of'. Watergate: re-:
sulted in several in-house restric
tions on the agency's covert action
machinery and a. requirement -
contained in the 1974 Hughes-Ryan
Amendment -` of "congressional'
notification., of ,suciv operations.
There' is, however; still' no legisla-
tive"charter.-that-.would-set{. begun
. specific standards :for.. agency ac
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1
The debate over a comprehensive
. intelligence Icharter has thus been
turned inside out;' what began as-
President ' John' Kennedy' con-I
ceded as much, when after-the se- .1
cretly 'authorized, CIA-sponsored
Bay of. Pigs fiasco, he. told. news=
an- effort ,'t- prevent' the kind oft ,paper editors that he. wished they
CIA misconduct which 'Jimmy had published details of the invasion
;.Carter once: abhorred, has turned'.; . so it-would have . ,never. taken
into a? bill!.. that could . actually
sanction such misconduct.
The proposed'eharter would,au-
thorize covert intervention abroad,
but it fails to- state precisely when
such operations should occur and
who should {approve them. Except
for political assassinations: which
"" are; specifically forbidden; the bill
provides that a host of vaguely de-
fined `.`special activities" could be
undertaken merely upon the presi
dent's orders.
In. other instances, there would
be no need for presidential approval.
>.of a--particular !covert adventure.,
once it is, deemed .to fall. within.. a?
category of activities which the
place. :
The Churchcommittee concluded
that. the most successful foreign
operations occur in support of
"policies which have 'emerged from
a national debate and the estab-
lished . processes of 'government."
The record is replete with instances > of CIA clandestine operations,. au-:
:-thorized "outside. of channels," o,
`.which` not only failed to.achieve
U.S.. interests. abroad, but actually
undermined American credibility.
Ironically, the hostage crisis in
"Iran which has -in part rekindled
the- romantic longing for cloak-.
and dagger operations might never
have developed-if-the CIA's Direc-
presidenthas authorized in-advance torate of Plans hadn't helped "de=
(thereby: allowing,, a -president to.. stabilize" the Iranian regime in
plausibly deny'; knowledge of.;an 1953
operation. that proves tot be dis :The proposed intelligence charter
tasteful or. embarrassing}'.~ , `fails `to -take. into account: another
Moreover f the: legislation ex- Lesson of the. past. by not expressly
presslydisclaims;anyneed forprior prohibiting, the wide .. range.' of
congressional approval, the execu- domestic activities which. the. CIA
,Jive branchis only duty being to 'frequently conducted at presiden-
"fully and currently inform"; the tial request: even while 'acknowl-
Senate and House intelligence edging them to be "extralegal" or
committees whenever an?.operation even illegal
meeting- the) statutory definition' of
a: special. activity", had :already-
CONTINUED
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The 'measure does. not' prohibit produced' a ' number "of 'proposals'
the type of infiltration andi mail- aimed directly at .muzzling public
opening conducted by the agency "discussion of CIA' activity.' One
against.. civil rights-. and, antiwar . provision of the charter... proposal,
activists as part of its Operation for example, would greatly restrict
Chaos program, in the late, 1960s. ,citizen access to CIA records, under
Apart from a.. general admonition the Freedom=-of Information Act,
that the agency respect the '.`integ- currently one of the. most effective
rity of private -institutions -the means for keeping the government
legislation would not prevent the honest.
kind of deceptive use of American, Several other'-measures now be-
universities to which the CIA. re- . fore Congress (some of. which may:
sorted in channeling money for its become' part of the charters in: its.:
preposterous. but: deadly=.:MK- final form) would make it a. crime
ULTRA drug experiments.:;; - for anyone including reporters,
-1, - t0,3 disclose the' identity of.-.-,
an
ig
ifi
tl
th
r
o
M
can
y
e p
ost s
n
op
sed itllig
,neence agent.
i
e
zes wir
charter actually . author
-
mail openings and break- While legitimate intelligence
tapping
,
operations deserve a de ree: of
ins directed at American citizens g
without any requirement confidentiality, Watergatethe se-
abroad
that the government show there is cret bombing of Cam'bo'dia and
other misdeeds committed and then {
"probable cause" to believe, .that a covered up under the familiar na=
crime. has or is. about to. occur, or
even that, the. target of surveillance tional
is acting as a foreignagent: . reminders security that the, pretext threat of should be
public
disclosure is a necessary deterrent
Finally, the current mood has to government wrongdoing.
Although. the current interna-
tional? tension certainly justifies an
effective U.S. intelligence gathering
apparatus, it does not justify re-
storing unchecked. covert action .I
abroad and political'-spying; at
home. Indeed, as.'one former CIA
intelligence analyst, E. Drexel
Godfrey, asks, "Will not the,appro-
priate ... functions of the CIA.and
the other parts of the intelligence
community be compromisedhby-:...4
heavy-handed -.clandestrine I
activities?" - ~,
Based on- a 30-year record' tflat
shows such activities to be- both
shockingly immoral and sho&ngly.
ineffective, the 4nswer,'4s. yes.
President Carter, and the . perrtbers
of Congress now rushing ,to .'un-
leash" the CIA--should knowaliat,
but their, memories seem,:dg'r-
ously short.
Atkins a Greater Clevelander;
is a student at they Yale University
Law School and has done?swnmer 1
work in Washington for the.AJA,eri-
can Civil Liberties Union.-
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nL Lk
TI ~_..~
^:; PAGE
By George Lardner
weahinccon Post statt writer
Toward the. endof the hearing, a
senator from New York. began ridi-
culling the White House for forgetting
its promises to the voters- After the
session- was over, a CIA lawyer strode
up to the committee's staffdirector
and. lectured him about the' law: until
he grew red with anger.
..The -debate over the CIA charter,
and~.particulariy its requirements for
reporting to Congress, his beginning ton
take : on a; harsh edge,! with each side
accusing the, other of trying to change
rules of the game. The.-.biggest contr oversy involves
the question. of "prior notices" to Cap=
itol Hill of covert .operations. And
other significant intelligence activi
ties. President Carter.l has come out
strongly against such a provision.. The
Senate Intelligence Committee is in-
sisting on it.
With customary dramatic flair, Sen.'
Daniel Patrick Moynihan.(D-N:Y:)..be=
gan wondering aloud at a CIA charter
hearing Thursday just who'''-got
elected.in 1976. when Jimmy Carter cam-
paigned against' "the veils of secrec
in Washington and 'Walter Mondale
promised reform of the; CIA..
Moynihan. recalled one meeting. at
the White House in the fall of 1973
when Mondale, a. former member 'of,
the Senate .Intelligence Committee;
-walked in. to review a;largely '.permis-
sive draft charter that had been out
together by the lawyers; for the various
intelligence, agencies. ~ '- ?. -
"The vice president :looked sternly
at the four wretches ! assembled and
said, 'You fellows don't seem to un-
derstand who won the last election.'. A.
member of the Church'. committee:[the,.
first- Senate Ir telligences;Committee
headed by, Frank- Church of .Idaho} is
now vice president,"i Moynihan re-
counted
Now, dust -:18 months later; Moyni`
ban observed; the:White-House is-ref--
using to o:.along; with. ,a--Taw,..that
would require the executive branch to
share all Its secrets with the Senate
and House intelligence committees.
"Now," Moynihan said, "it seems that
we' don't understand who won the-last.,
election . What ever happened' to =
those fine brave ideals that the vice-'
president brought, into office?'',.
THEIWASHINGTON POST
3 March 1980 -
The reaction from the administra-
tion has been just, as pointed. One
White House aide close to the charter
debate dismissed. the committee's posi-
tion as. "juvenile and groundless." . He
pointed out that. the-House. and-Sen-..
ate:.Intelligence -committees- -are ? usu-
ally told ahead of?time?all intelligence.
activities of any importance. And that -
the president intends to continue the
practice. Carter, it is said, just doesn't
.want that nailed down: into law.
"They.. [the_ _intelligence committees),
haven't got one ground for:-complaint
to date," this official said "They say;
`well. what happens if we have a new
president? What if we -get another
Nixon?' My answer to that is. `What if
we have another, Joe McCarthy?'"-
The debate, j in short, is one over
checks' and 'balances, a question of
the dark. The chairman, of the Senate
committee, Birch Bayh (D-Ind.)..who
said 'several. -weeks ago-that he knew
of only one exception to the "prior no-
tice" :practice; confirmed' Friday that
"we didn't know about' the Canadian
situatio.n." .
Would it have added to'the hazards
.: to have, told ? the.,, traditionally close
mouthed "committees when journal-
ists_ were=.' already aware:' of the
operation?- "That's a very tough ques-
tion," allowed one . CIA. official-;
Still, the -debate rages- on. Some.
CLA,aides. have suggested President
Carter feels. so strongly, about the is-
sue that he will veto any 'charter con-
taining a prior notice rule But. White
House aides insist he hasn't addressed
the question of a veto yet. ' - - .
Some members of the Senate , corn-'
mittee and their aides feel they, have
already made more than enough con-
cessions to the CIA, and the adminis-
tration on the charter legislation. The
bill'introduced Feb. 8 by Sen. Walter
D. Huddleston (D-Ify.): gives the CIA
an unprecedented exemption from the
Freedom of Information Act, provides
criminal penalties -for unauthorized
disclosure of the names of CIA opera-.
tives, and repeals the 1974. Hughes-
Ryan amendment that governs covert
operations.
Under Hughes Ryan, 'no covert no-
tivity-maybe undertaken "unless and
until" the' president finds it -iinport3 it.
-'o the natioial se'curity_ and reports
the-. undertakinr.".- in a:rtmely fashion
to: the appropri.ate.,committees.of
the. Congress.
The CIA has c^m ?!ained or -ears.
that this rears c~.r'~+csr a ro-.'e
committees, in'-o1-ing 200 membei?stvi?
Congress.' nod. their stalfs. `-aut-'=Fhe
number has been exaggerated. As Rep..
Les Aspin? ,chairman..of;.,he
House Intelligence oversight subcom-
mittee ' has pointed out, only. three of
the eight committees" systematically
review covert actions and only a few
members of.the other committees are
notified. -
Moynihan argues- that Hughes-Ryan,
should be amended- in any case 'he-,
cause it is ambiguous and the "uniess
and until" " clause could be read as re-
quiring prior notice now. In practice,,
the administration has;'as ' a-'genetal
i?.ule, been supplying-prior notice'any
way, under- a 1978 Carter :executive;'or-
der.'at provides for. the Senate"'and`-
'House Intelligence committees to,-be
kept informed-: by"the `.intelligence
agencies of " "any : signifcant ' antieip
ated activities.?'.'="_t-: :.; ;-:11...; + -;
presidential' .prerogatives vs. the,
..power of congressional. oversight:
CIA Director Stansfield Turner. has
argued against a law. requiring prior
notice on grounds 'there are some op-
erations. that are -just too sensitive,
that human lives might be endan-
gered if Congress were told.' and word,
'leaked out -
Coincidentally, the one big opera
;lion.- that, 'the select committees
..weren't told about-for fear- of leaks
=leaked out- anyway. ,It was still a.
success because. the outsiders who
learned of it. kept the secrete them-
:'selves.
This was the so-called "Canadian ca-
per" involving the escape in January
o#, six American diplomats- from Iran
after' they hid for three months in the
Catladianf Embassy in; Tehran. Jean
Pelletier,:therrFVashington :.correspon-
dent?:of Monteal's . La Presse, knew.
theircwhereabouts,' So -did Newsweek
and the Washington bureau of NBC .
News, among others.
The Senate and House_Intelligence
committees,, meanwhile, were kept in
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The administration,' however, wants.
to'keep. that clause,- "significant anti-.
cipated activities, from.. becgming
law. I-t, proposes only to keep the two
intelligence committees-and no oth-
ers-"fully and currently, informed'A of, 'its undertakings....' At one point during Thursday's
hearing. Bayh expressed his exaspera?
tion.over the dispute.
"It seems ' to , me we're picking. at
gnats that have turned into the size of
watermelons.." he told CIA Deputy Di-
rector Frank Carlucci. "We're making
a great big deal out of this. I think you
can include 'signifcant 'anticipated 'ac-
tivities' in a manner that does not
breach security."
Carlucci didn't, quite agree. -After
-the hearing, a CIA lawyer marched-up
to the committee's staff director, Wil-
liam Miller, and began expounding
on the niceties of the issue until'the
normally unflappable Miller flushed
'and barked at him. "That's why we're
putting ' itin the statute. ' '
At this point Bayh said "he doesn't
see much point in further, argument.
He said he.did not think it wiser- to
rely on the good will of future admin--
.istrations instead of law.
"We've'just got `to go ahead-'and see
where the votes are," he said in a tele-
phone interview. He said- no one: on ;the
intelligence. committees, was trying--to
dispute the president's leadership;:. in
foreign policy or to assert a: veto power
-over covert actions. But if the White
House keeps insisting that the presi-
dent's "constitutional authority" is'at
stake.-he said, Congress might start
asserting 'its constitutional, authority
over appropriations.
"If we want to play that game,"'he
said, "we can say, 'No knowledge,- no
money.' We still have the right. to Con-
trol the purse strings."
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ARTICLE APPEARED LOS ANGELES TIMES
2 MARCH .1980
ON PAGE ", .
~ I I
;Agency is as difficult to devise as 'it is easy to'; >~ deny the existence of such operations. = :
define. The CIA 'should have, sufficient authority, Carter does not want to inform the intelligence
clothed in necessary secrecy, _to :gather foreign committees of .covert operations in `advance, yet
ck on
ble ch
t
tit
n
uld
e
u
e a reasona
co
s
intelligence, but that power and secrecy should not prior notice wo
beso unlimited that the agency could again become rash actiom a threat to liberty at home, or become unaccounta ...t Another proposal would: exempt the- CIA from
ble in its operations abroad. I most requirements of the Freedom of Information
While' Congress -isl considering ' legislation .that I Act.. For what purpose? The -CIA says that this is
would. Set responsibilities. and- regulations for the necessary to dispel the belief that- the CIA can' be':.
CIA, momentum is growing to "unleash" the agency ` compelled: to divulge secrets, and that.this hampers.
-a movement -stimulated by a. sense of frustration : , its operations. However, under present law 'the
over the crises in Iran land Afghanistan. agency already has the authority -to protect classi
President Carter has complained about: "unwar fled data.
-
:restraints" on1 the CIA, and, among many The bill would permit the CIA, with a court order,
supporters of legislation to .modify these restrie- to conduct wiretaps and -searches of Americans
Lions, Rep. Robert McClory (R-Ill.) makes a typical believed. to possess "intelligence information" even`
charge: He says the restrictions "have unduly ham . though not suspected of having committed a crime.:
pered the ability of tiie United States to effectively This is ahighly_ dubious measure, considered in the"
conduct foreign policy." light of illegal CIA spying on Americans just a few'
Some changes are indicated the 'reformsun i years ago
.posed on the CIA in the 1970s. But this- is a time to -The proposed charter would make it a crime -for,
proceed cautiously. It is a time to remember that the present or past intelligence employees to reveal the
restraints were instituted in response to the CIA's names ofsecret-agents. Such disclosure for the sake
illegal surveillance of thousands of Americans, and of- disclosure should: be prohibited.' Another'. bill
-to revelations :about its attempts to overthrow or, pending in.. Congress would have extended the
assassinate foreign eiders. ~= - criminal sanction to the press.,That section has been:
At present, a ht con essional committees must deleted in:recognition of the fact that exposure of
be informed before the CIA can carry out "covert" illegal activities could'on occasion lead to the identi
operations abroad. It! makes sense. to restrict . such ties of the individuals involved. .'
information to the - House and Senate. intelligence " Many troublesome issues are raised in the charter
committees. Yet a more effective reform than. this, legislation.. The. act would bar the intelligence
we believe, would be the creation of a joint commit- i agency from engaging in assassination attempts, but
;-tee to oversee the. agency-a' committee modeled would not' prohibit the CIA from attempting to
.after the Joint Committee' on Atomic Energy.. But overthrow foreign regimes.
this proposal, first suggested several years agog at I '. -Sen. Daniel Patrick- Moynihan (D-N.Y.), ' who
the height of the controversy over CIA activities, is , strongly . favors relaxing the- curbs on the CIA,
not included in the charter legislation emphasized that the country must face "the reality
Present law requires the President to approve all of the totalitarian. state in today's world, and the
covert ..operations.,. Legislation before - .Congressconditions of confict which . the existence of the I
would mandate presidential approval only for clan totalitarian state imposes on the rest of us."
destine activities involving "substantial" risks This That is :a grim-reality, but-we must be wary, in
proposal has `encountered- criticism. Sen. William confronting the totalitarian threat, not to undermine
Proxmire (D-Wis.): says this change, supported by our: greatest. source.. of.strength-an open society.
-Carter, is intended to give the President .plausible Congress..... must: proceed : cautiously-.. in ? weig
deniability-that insi d uous doctrine that allows the every aspect of the intelligence bill
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ARTICLE HED WASHINGTON STAR
ON PAGE 1 MARCH 1980
Cord Meyer
s for the CIA charter
pangfli
" After nearly three years Church Committee, Vice cooperation by allied intelli-
of gestation and prolonged President. Mondale brought gence services. This exten-
labor pains, a new CIA legal with him to the White House sion abroad of American
charter was recently deliv- an.-'urgent commitment to judicial authority will cer-
ered by the Senate intelli- achieve this reform. Two tainly be resented by for-
gence committee in -.the Church committee staffers eign governments as arro-
form of a bill sponsored by who shared his fervor were gant hypocrisy. It is a
Sen. Walter Huddleston, D-" given key-positions,. David perversion of our system of
Ky., and three other sena- Aaron as Zbigniew Brze- justice designed to throw a
tors. zinski's deputy on the Na- mantle of spurious legality
To the evident- dismay of. tional Security Council staff over an illegal act.
the senatorial midwives at andWilliam Miller as chief Overtaken by events in
the initial hearing, the Car-' of staff of the Senate intelli- Afghanistan and Iran, the
ter administration and gence committee. Huddleston bill was born as
many members of the com- The first fruit of their an anachronism. in a time
mit.tee seemed unwilling to labors was legislation intro- when the ineffectiveness
acknowledge parentage of duced in early 1978 which rather than the power of the
the sickly infant. Conserv- was so: festooned. with legal
atives complained that the . restrictions and reporting
legislation went too far in requirements that it died a
imposing detailed restric- natural death before ever
tions on the. intelligence reaching the Senate floor.
agencies, while the Ameri= The new intelligence char-
can Civil -Liberties Union: ter introduced by Senator
has stated that it does not go Huddleston attempts to take
far enough. a more realistic approach
The ancestry of this legis- but it only succeeds in
lation goes back 't6 the dramatizing again-the diffi-
highly-publicized investiga- 'culty of trying to legalize
tion by the Church Commit- espionage, which? is by its
tee in 1975.76 of the real and nature illegal.,.
imagined wrongdoing of the - One example will suffice.
FBI and the CIA.-Urged on. In order'to bug an American
by The New York Times, citizen abroad suspected of
liberals made it an article of hostile intelligence connec-
faith that the most serious tions, the new charter-re-
threat to American liberties quires :,that a court order
came not. from abroad but. first be obtained from a U.S.
from our own' intelligence , federal judge. This bizarre
services. procedure puts the federal
To chain this "rogueele-
phant" and to restrain .the
excesses- of an "imperial"
presidency, it was deemed
necessary to?`enact:`into-
statutory. law - with crimi
nal sanctions a. detailed
list of prohibitions to pr&
vent intelligence officers
from violating the rights of
U.S: citizens.
From his service on the
CIA is. seen as a cause of
major concern. In the initial
hearing before the Senate
intelligence committee,
there-was little enthusiasm
for the bill's 171 pages of tur-
gid prose which Sen. Daniel
P., Moynihan, D-N.Y., de-
scribed as "a- mournful exer-
cise in bureaucratic
draftsmanship."
. The House committe on
intelligence has consist-
ently taken a highly skepti-
cal view of the attempts of
their Senate colleagues to
draft a comprehensive list
of legal restrictions. Their
attitude was summed up in
the comment by. a House
staffer that the new charter
must have been drafted "by
a group of political scien-
judiciary into the business tists and lawyers who had
of approving a violation of no experience in the legisla-
the law of a foreign country tive or the executive
where, :our- courts have no branches and no knowledge
jurisdiction... '. of intelligence.",- The
shorter bill which addresses
itself to the urgent practical
needs of the intelligence
community. It would repeal
the Hughes-Ryan amend-
went ;hat requires the.
president to notify eight
committees of covert action
operations and confine the
reporting requirement to
the House and Senate intelli-
gence.committees '
Moynihan's , proposed
legislation would also re-
lieve the CIA of much of the
burden.-of reporting. under
the Freedom of Information
Act and would for the first
time provide criminal sanc-
tions against present or for-
mer government officials
who disclose the-identities
or agents under cover.
Wisely,: Moynihan has
agreed: to modify language
in his bill to make clear that
the, official.leaker. and not
the' press would be held
criminally responsible.
There is widespread sup-
port -in:. both. Houses for
Moynihan's initiative but
Democratic senators are de-
manding as a quid pro quo
that a reluctant White House
guarantee prior notification
of covert action operations
and full access to all intelli.
gence information as a pre-
requisite to effective con-
gressional oversight.
Such oversight is the best
protection against intelli-
gence abuses. Whether a
deliberately ambiguous
compromise can be found to
would clearly be a rubber bill's passage by the House settle this ancient conflict
stamp rather than a consid- are remote. -between the president and
ered judicial decision, since Anticipating that the new Congress will determine the(
the judge is specifically to charter would be stillborn, chances. for real intellf-
be denied such pertinent Sen. Moynihan has intro- gencereform inthis elec.!
information as the extent of duced a separate and much tion year, .
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ARTICLE APP,
ON PAGE_,,/
NEW YORK TIMES
1 MARCH 1980
Letters.
To Watch the. C.I.A..
To the Editor:
In the recent debate on the C.I.A., I
have heard nothing of a reform .that:
seems ? eminently .. reasonable; espe-
cially if the. number of, Congressional.
committees to which the- C.I.A. must.
"report is reduced: Provide for a rotat-
ing membership, including chairmen,.
on those committees which oversee
the agency.' This will help eliminate'
-cronyism between committee mem-'
bers and the agency, insuring effective:.
: oversight. EDWARD S.DERMON,,,
Roslyn Heights.L.I., Feb. 24,
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PARKERSBURG NEWS (W. VA.)
17 February 1980
...Senator Byrd's decision. to help remove the unreasona-
:ble restraints on the Central -Intelligence Agency means that
tan almost. immeasurably powerful political arm is being
:extended. the CIA.. Byrd indicated at a meeting last week
.that some of : in e a e which has been. binding the agency
:must be: cut in the 'interest of, keeping America abreast. of.
what is happening-1n other parts,of the world. '
Byrd says, he_ favors reducing:: the number of commit-
tees that now demand reports from= the CIA. It appears to be
a. worthwhile_ move. Clearly the CIA's obligation to report to
three. committees in both the House and Senate has provided'
grounds for much of. the trouble the'agency has faced.
Many members of Congress feel that if the-reins on the
CIA had. been loosened months ago 'we would not be in so
much trouble in either Iran or. Afghanastan..We were never
.a strong,. believer in. many. of the sordid stories that. were
associated .with CIA: activities: The. stories about assassina-
tion- plots, drug;: experiments and' surveillance of United
States citizens;:, we feel, were unfairly overplayed and
aroused in. this country an animosity that never should have
existed.
The CIA is not in'wf!arrnn4ht be called a pleasant type,
of work.. Their assignme "Ps are dangerous. They : must.
seat h- the most. ruthless:' governments on.. earth . for
information that would benefit America. Some times there
is:not a pretty way to do these things.
-The=_~a-agency has..been portrayed as:*, a bunch of
murderers who :would go. to any :. length. to gain the desired
ends..Perhaps that in ' a fashion is so. Gathering needed.
intelligence requires courage and determination,: and if a
few bodies- fall' here. and there when the CIA must go the
:'distance to: protectAmerica- it is understandable that
bloodshed is not always avoidable.
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NEWSDAY (N.Y~. )
13 FEBRUARY 1980
2
-on gilt. easi
) ''he ~~ - Still
gfy Curtis,.8 Gans '4
There has been muchisaid and writ
ten recently about how the Central
Intelligence Agency is a pitiful, help
.less ,giant, rendered ineffective to.
serve the security needs of the nation
by.,a cruel-web pf congressionally in-!'
x in 'the conduct of a covert action; .: judgr*ient-within the agency itself..(
? The attempted assassination of?' It is, for instance, true that the CIA.!
Fidel Castro and the likely killings.of failed to warn the nation of the seri-
many lesser officials. Dueness of the threat to the shah in
? The destabilization and diamem-.,I Iran and .did not accurately predict.
berment of, democratically elected his downfall.
governments,, moat recently in Chile; .. But the CIA's failure was'due to
but earlier in
such countries as-Brit-J.- the fact that it made a political deci
.
The invasion of Afghanistan and ish Guiana :land Iran. Sion to draw its information only from f
the seizure- of the U.S. Embassy in ? Operation Phoenix-the: system': ?: pro-shah sources and. to involve its
Tehran have provided' a convenient stir' destruction of villages, defolia- 'operatives only with' pro-shah 'ele.
pretext for repeating this fiction and tion of.foresta and murder of leaders 3?ments within Iran.
for a renewed and concerted effort to: in Vietnamlin order to deny the Viet . '.. President Carter committed him-.
get,the most important!and necessary- Cong sanctuary, the testing of gases' self in his State of the..Union Address i
of these restrictions repealed: and drugs oil unknowing citizens and- to relax "unnecessary'; restrictions on:
? The requirement that the Presi=' other actions that show a lack of.re-.' the CIA.
dent approve of and Congress be in- .: spect.for human life' 1 There is perhaps one such unneces=
formed. about all American ? covert. ? Perhaps most importantly, the ~..sary :.restriction-the requirement
intelligence actions. ;. is buttressing !of and the marrying of within the Hughes-Ryan Amendment
? The -.stricture that the ? CIA be' _ America's fortunes, in the name of governing CIA conduct which, man-
fully? accountable to political leader: anticommunism, 1 to repressive, au- . dates eight congressional committees
ship--the President end; Congress thoritarian and` unpopular govern = be informed of every CIA action. This
for all of its operations. ments such as, those of the shah in ]`
fre _probably carries dissemination. of
Congress, if it is wise, ' wiltain Iran, Somoza in Nicaragua or Thieu, 7 --classified information beyond what is
the essence of these controls over the' Ky and Mein in Vietnam. %i, wise for the security interests of the I
intelligence community and keep this There. 16 no evidence that, any of the -nation;
particular "rogue elephant". within. a -restrictions on the- CIA have either .d ` The President Should ensure that
rational cage. undermined natidnal security or ren-..., only the' four relevant committees of
The need for an effective American 1 dered the organization less capable of ..j : Congress-those dealing with intelli-
intelligence service is not in dispute. doing its prim ary lob-.-providing the .I genre and foreign. policy'-monitor
welfare and security bf the United conduct its foreign policy.
States or peace in" the world can doubt ? " :. The. errors the CIA -has made. dur-
the? need fo an effective American in--* i;:ing. the paste ears,.
teTlt h2e^c p~lyilityw AcCh`eeck, Md.,, who plunged to.;
legeof iaforraiaigyou. ,, , .. ; _~ W.. hls.death from a Maahattaa hotel win
for our ability to maintain a free and
open society. Them is something about
the way the C.I.A. has been function ? , .
ing that is casting a shadow over our
historic position; and I feel that we
need tocorrectit.11 Heis still right
Williarn-Wilson, a specialist. in hwrwn
rights. is an international law}+er
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AtTICLE AI'Yi::.t2'D
of PAGE
THE WASHINGTON POST
4 March 1980
luchA presidential candidate hasl
tecentlybeen in. touch with. former'
CIA agent.John Stockwell, offering: to '
set-up lecture an&:television- appear-
= ances? and'-"rfiake--opportunities"'
_...... __^. for~
hiMto?conU ue to"be.criticaltof. the.
.'CIA and President'Carter?'?:
Stockwell ' won't..say, Not tilh lie has
.decided, whether on not.. to take him up-
on the offer
rho Justice- Department filed' suit
yesterday -against (Stockwell : for t, the
profits from his 1978 book, `'IiSearch
of Enemies,"which blew . tliexvhistle
on CrA activities in' Angola = ~; `.
Earlier yesterday,
Stockwell
said
*that. if the government: sued ' him, he
would probably accept` the, candidate's
offer and spend the next::yea~.on the
lecture. circuit, "raising hell:`
Stockwell is currently busy In two.
television projects. One, sponsored by
`the BBC and \VGBH, ctherpublic.aelevi
_sion channel in-Boston,.-is 'a; film study.
W'ithv a telepision;i :producer Stock-
well has made' a: couple of trips to
Cuba, and is waiting: ? now- :for ? visas
'from-the. African countries involved:
I
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I
CLE LPY.ra E. D
DX PAGE ~
ties
The e,Tusti eDepaitment accused anZ `.`andr other advantages' stemming
oilier 1 formes :CIA;;,officer-turned.au from the book and it asked the courts
thee yesterday of; violating his secrecy
Wbrder an accounting -aandto direct:
agreementwithr the-7ageney.and filed..
suit toe the profits from his-;booK.. ? Stockwell. to :"religquish the pro
..: Acting,, in th wake,of a-controver - eeds' ' J
seal Supreme Court decision that bol L7ttdPr an agreementahe. signed one
stered:its; censorshippowers;.the gow ioiung the CIA 1in 1964; Stockwell
rged CI. veteran,John R
h
n
nt
me
c
a
er
pledged] "not to publish or participate
StockwelLwlth!breach of contract for'. inthe
publishin the~book :without first. sub Publication. of any information
witting-it,to the CIA for. review ortmaterial relating to'the agency. its';-
An:expose oft. CIA operations in n.-_ activitie's or intelligence activities
generally." ' even`afrer "Iedvin-14be
gola in?,19'776; the book, In search.. CIA."without specific, prior approval
of Enemies=A- CIA. -Story accused, by the a?' enc "
the?-agency-oftinounting'coverrinili:- g Y? .
tary` operations and? 'thenrn ayin; - tw_ IN the foreword to d - book, l agree
Congress anri the public- to keep them he) did not feel bound by the agree
~PrrP+~ - - mint' because hit;. CIA.* recruiters:-had
lied about the true: nature of the agen
12 ear-~'eteran ntthe efA Stock cis, clandestine services: because?-he~;
:tell gait the agency in March.1g7&a& was 'convinced they,. needed reform;
'ter=riln' eight=month' assignment ae?: and because he felt his right ,to fi eel:
chief of'the CL'S Angola-raskForce don of speech took precedence.
``iii Washington The. charges-he-made 'The Supreme Court dismissed the,
public:at she time triggered a Senate. First Amendment argument in a foot-
investigation ti .,note to its Snepp decision. saying "the
His?book as published x-'1878-bY. government has a compelling interest
W W N'orton. Co- ot.?_New York ands in protecting. both the secrecy of in
?~~,entthrough>four' printings as well as formation important to the national
a paperbackeditian t sa security and the appearance of confi
The governments civil Suit; filed in'- dentiality-so essential to - the; effective.
,`,U.S. District Court in Alexandria was: operation of our foreign intelligence
patterned after! a.- similar,action up- service'`
held : by c the -,.Supreme Court last Although he signed-the standard Se
-
montli -.against] former C A offices ( crecy form on joining the CIA? Stock-:
Frank Snepp well said yesterdayhe,refused. t0.sign.
In -that-case; the high court sane the so,calted "exit agreement," repeat
tioned the,CIA.'ssecrecy-agreement mg; the promise; when he left. He re
C:under:which employes:. promise: to Sub-' called debating about it. with a CIA
--mit any-writings about..the agency for security officer-.
review.-'1w -' heithat'sthe?qyoverir4 " "H pent about 30 minutes trying
mept'mag impose suih restetin- topersuade me to'sign and I spent:30
e~ en . iM: the .absence?-of~ an e~phcit minutes lsaying no. - Stockwell said
agreemenW ,yesterday."Isaid,. `You cc not paying:
Now cng-,- A stns ex: Stock me any money anymore: Why-should I.`
eigi a contract saying?~, r - do.. son-se
iiell~ said he little surprised *'thing.;for Ik
that in, an;election year,the-go~ecn? , you?'. 'never occurred to
meat;would: be soheavy anded E> "_. hiat to ask whether I planned to write
ery- newspaper?I ve . read .,, as been. a book
screamiag_about theSnepp decision Stockwell has- accused both former'
In any' event ~Stocl well Fsaid sale? secretary] of state Henry' A:' Kissinger'
and' former CIA ` director William
of the.,.book, ;which he estunated ar
about 40P009-Copies i_ncluding;;the Pa Colby of lying to congress about the
said he is now: working `on`-other pro].. uiecivu war tnere: The Soviet.
ects as ,.a- freelance television journal backed faction won: ---
ist
The overment~aid in the }sui
n
THE WASHINGTON POST
41 March 1980
Stockwell -yesterday also chided
CIA - Director Stansfield Turner for
;;suggesting! that whistleblowers such,
.as himself- get' "huge advances for
their CIA exposes..
"Anybody knows that You don't get
huge advances for,"book -like- th'a~t>",-7
'Stockwell said, indicating his advance
-came - to about 520,000; "If my book
made $50,000, he said, "it, aise' cost-
me- -$10,000 in research and travel,
costs' and, I'd say, about 515,000' fill
taxes.'That leaves .aboutS25,000 to pay:-.
the rent and everything else for three
years.. By comparison,: I. would' have
made about $80,000 working for:'the
CIA."
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TTr 1 -AP'0
:Fr:_..
01
PJ...x
THE NEW YORK TIMES
4 March 1980
--77i dEx C.LA.:Agent
Sued by U.S. for Profits
WASHINGTON, March 3 (AP) -The
Justice Department tiled suit in Fed-
eral District Court in Alexandria. Va..
today to obtain the profits of a book on
activities by the Central Intelligence
-Agency in Angola. written two years
,ago. by. a former: agency employee,
John R. Stockwell.:...
On Feb. 20 the Supreme Court upheld
the Government's victory in a similar
suit against Frank. Snepp. , a former
C.I.A. -agent who wrote an unauthor-
ized. book on the agency in- Vietnam,
"Decent Interval:
._~. ?f'~r :..::,
"We feel: that. it's,iaiportan'i that `.the
American public be aware of- the. type- of
espionage and intelligence activities that
are. occurring;' he saidr.:
He said the' agency was at a crucial
:stage in resettling Colonel Herrmann, his
.wife and son, and that once he assumed a
new identity as a private citizen it would
be too late to make him available to re-
porters for questioning.
Administration sources, who declined
.to. be identified, said that the decision to
put Colonel Herrmann on display was
cleared in advance by Secretary of State
Cyrus R. Vance.'Colonel Herrmann's ap-
pearance follows by three days the disclo-
sure by retiring FBI intelligence chief
William Kregar that five communist dip-
lomats had been quietly expelled from this
country in the last year for spying.
Colonel. Herrmann... who, said he was
about 45 years old, said that when the FBt
apprehended him they offered. him :?? a
choice of being prosecuted or cooperating.
He said his arrest ..was due to the blunder
of my KGB contact-
Colonel Herrmann lived in Hartsdale,
N.Y.; outside New York City.
During an. election year. he said...-"l
would study the results of all primaes,
approach many of 'my neighbors, study:
every source about the true picture of how
Americans felt about the candidates. to
prepare for getting close to candidates, so {
that in case they won I could have some-
how gotten a foot in the door."
He said the closest he got to a presi-
dential candidate- was a? brief accidental
discussion with one at: the San Francisco
airport while the-candidate was talking
with his aides. Colonel Herrmann refused
to name the candidate because he said the
.man was never aware of his activities.
-Aside from information on political
candidates, he said he was badgered by
the KGB to report on U.S. public views on
U.S.-Soviet trade negotiations, the neutron
bomb and detente..
Colonel Herrmann said he received in-
structions by radio from transmitters in
the Soviet Union in a "foolproof" code. He
said the- instructions came every -week,
lasted from, 5 to- 30 minutes and 'were 4re-
peated three times. He said he sent his re-
ports mostly'in secret writing in letters to
various addresses in Europe.
{ The FBI said he also traveled periodi-
cally to KGB headquarters in the Soviet
Union for retraining and debriefing, the
last of the trips coming in 1977.
The FBI -said that on one of his: first
missions in' the United States, the KGB
radioed him: the exact text of an anony-
mous letter he mailed from Atlanta to
U.S. authorities alleging that a manned
space vehicle may have been sabotaged.
Colonel Herrmann said he believed this
was an Apollo spaceshot; and the FBI said
the ploy was unsuccessful. ,
Colonel Herrmann said he came to the
West in 1958, entering'West Germany as a
refugee from East Germany. He stayed
there until 1982, then spent six years in
Canada before entering the United States
as though he were a legal immigrant.
"From the first moment I got my im-I
migration card, I strictly observed laws in
the United States," he said. "I'spent a lot)
of time figuring out my income taxes just;
to not make a mistake and to not getj
scrutinized." -
Mr. Boynton said Colonel Herrmann's'
role as a double agent. ended several
months ago because of fear the KGB sus-
pected he might be cooperating with U.S.
agents. _
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AF T1
L 0Z /1
ON F-'11.
T n.*.,. so
.Ar r Iles
tic-,Soviet Spy Agrees
THE NEW YORK TIMES
orrress, I r.B.I. Sayst
r
;, By ROBERT PEAR
gested that the latest disclosures were.
personally approved and perhaps orches
intelligence or counter-intelligence
operations. Intelligence experts-_ sug-.
departure from the normal Federal prac-
tice. The Government rarely publicizes:
enforcement officials in the White House:-
The recent publicity about foreign es-
pionage activities in the United States is a
3pectnm? inn raw ro, IImw
WASHINGTON, March 2 - A forme
Soviet spy who, is now working for the
United States will be presented to report
ers tomorrow by the (Federal Bureau o
Investigation, Government officials, said
tonight. The officials said that the agent
would discuss Soviet intelligence' tech.
niques in a news conference at the
reau's headquarters here.
The scheduled appearance follows by
just three days an F.B.I. official's disclo
sure that the United States quietly ex.,
pelled five diplomats from Soviet bloc
countries in the. last year. for alleged es.
pionage activities. William O. Kriegar,
assistant director of the F.B.I. in charge
of the intelligence division, made the dis.
closure in. an interview Friday the day
before his retirement!
President Caster praised Mr. Kriegar's
blow a major Soviet intelligence networks
in this country," although the former spy
has been a "productive" asset for the.
United States._;`
It. was not ;immediately possible to
,gauge the importance of the agent who is
to aunear tomorrow! An Administration
tween the United states and the ? Soviet
"crease in the espionage war to match the {
Sovietagents.
Other officials said that the news coa4
Terence tomorrow was a signal of an in-
cial, suggesting that; r. Carter wanted
to focus a. spotlight on- the suspected
rowtthe size of jthe target," said the off!-
Bence official said he believed that Pry-
dent. Carter had reached a. point of dis.
gust and anger with Soviet intelligence
operations similar to that of the British
when they expelled more than 100 Soviet
A former top-ranking counter-intelli-
CarterAagerReported> _
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' .=1iiEil
THE BALTIMORE SUN
3 March 1980
Ex-spy to-speak out
Washington (AP)-A former Soviets
spy, now working for the United States,
will explain some of Moscow's espio-
nage methods to reporters at an FBI
briefing today,: ABC News- reported
yesterday.
The report described the man as "a
major double agent". who used to spy
.for the Soviet- Union in the United
States
He "is reported to be.intimately fa-
miliar with the Soviet spy apparatus)
here and his conversion is said to be a
major breakthrough," the report said.
FBI officials refused to comment on
the ABC report. But the. FBI did an-
nounce yesterday it would hold a news
briefing this morning on an "FBI inves-
tigative matter."
According to ABC,.the FBI will not
disclose to reporters the agent's identi-
ty "out of fear that the lives of rela-
tives still living in'a Communist nation
will be endangered."
The account also quoted unidenti-~
fied FBI sources as saying the man has)
"personal reasons for going public with!
his story." . . , _:!
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ARTICLE APPEL
ON PAGE /
.was often the case under former Director
J. Edgar Hoover, who once cut off formal
liaison with the C e n t r. a 1 Intelligence
',Agency.
Cregar, who will be in May, said he.
was. retiring ?now despite being granted.
a waiver by the attorney general to
work, one, year past mandatory retire-
ment because! the , federal pension sys-
tem makes it economically more advan-
tageous for him to leave at this time...
Cregar once' played. linebacker ~ for the
Pittsburgh Steelera pro1ootball team.
day tthat in the last: year about,
five diplomats of communist count
tries have, quietly, been asked'-. to
leave th4 country.-Assistant FBI Director- William
Cregar, who retired. Friday after
29 years in the bureau, refused to
name. the countries:: But he. said'
that asking diplomats to leave was.
one response the United States has
taken when it uncovers spying by
persons having diplomatic immu-
nity from criminal prosecution.
He said the cases had not. been
made public because every time
they are disclosed "the enemy will .
manufacture a retaliation against
one of our diplomats."
Reflecting in an interview on his
career, almost all of which was in
counter-intelligence for the FBI,
Cregar said the agency has made
excellent progress over the years
in counter-intelligence.
"WE KNOW MORE. about their
method of operation, we have a
better appreciation of who . their
intelligence officers. are, we have
a better appreciation of the equip- .
ment and techniques _ they..,. use
against: us, and. we. have a.. better
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
1 MARCH 1980
~d _~~aies
-Nd W` Ut
qWe
?tbi USS*
WASHINGTON [API-The. FBI's
:
retiring intelligence:chief said Fri.
understanding..tot. tier long-range
plans," he
;He said that'ln recent years the
FBI had become: an active partici-
pant in the intelligence community
rather than making Its own lade-
pendent decisions in:; spy : cases as
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ARTICLE : AR D
~. - 3.
c; P
THE NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
I March 1980
Washington (News Bureau) =:William. Cregar, the i
FBI's: top counterspy,. revealed :yesterday that.the
United States secretly booted out five Soviet-bloc spies
posing as diplomats lithe last year.
1
Gregar?-who is-retiring as chief?of.the intelligence!
division-, declined! to name the spies- or. the countries
they-worked,.forl The1 major Soviet?block espionage
activities operating in the: U.S. are, the Soviet Union'sl
KBG and the intelligence services of East .Germany,;
PolandCzechoslovakia.and-Hungary.
He- said the cases had- not been, made public when)
the. spies were. expelled because "the enemy would(
have manufactured a 'retaliation against one of our,
diplomats. The.;U.S.. and the Soviet: Union quietly;
agreed recently to?play ldown the departures after they
'engaged in a-bitter series of expulsions and_ counter
expulsions
:.Cregar said that the'diplomats wera not believed to
:have harmed U.S.,national security' because FBI agents
"were monitoring them and we were able to prevent-
;any damage."
FBI agents watch virtually every diplomat assigned
to Soviet bloc embassies ?here under the assumption
that more than half of the "diplomats-", are actually.:
spies. Through the years the'FBI.has bugged embassy.
telephones, broken into the embassies to steal code
books on behalf of the, supersecret National Security!
Agency and tailed'the diplomats.. ,
-:-'The diplomats enjoy diplomatic immunity from]
prosecution but can be asked to leave the country. _
FBI. sources said yesterday, that five to 10 Soviet-
bloc diplomats have been kicked out of the country
each year- over the last. decade. But high Justice. De-
partment officialsisaidthat the timing of an expulsion
is often related to a foreign policy decision and doest
not necessarily restilt.from successful Soviet espio-1
rage activity.
..Y .Mat Cregar made any revelation at all;. with - thapproval of Attorney, General- Benjamia-Civiletti, indi=
cates that the Carter administration is using the expul-
sions :.as-: another, weapon .in - its post?Afghanistan
invasionget-tough". policy. ---
By JOSEPH VOLZ '. ` : .
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C.
AF'rf::_n: J
ARTICLES
011 PAGB4,
THE WASHINGTON POST
1 March 1980
Five Sm ied-Bloc
D iptoru~zts iA U* .S.
Ousted, foi Spyying
By Charles R. Babcock
Washington Post Staff Writer
The Fars retiring counterintelli
gence chief said yesterday that 'five
communist-bloc diplomats were qui-
etly forced to-leave the United States
in the. past. year. after they were
caught spying..
Williams' Cregar,. head- of the bu-
reau's intelligence division, said that
such. expulsions: usually are. not publi-
cized because the communist nations
would feel compelled to retaliate.
Cregar's remarks capped a recent
series of exposures by American and
allied intelligence officers of Soviet
bloc spy networks in New Zealand,
Canada, Spain and Japan.
It has been suggested that the
stream of disclosures. is part of a U.S.
policy decision to change the usual
rules of international spying and re-
taliate against the Soviet Union for its
invasion of Afghanistan.
..Spokesmen for the State Depart-
ment and Central Intelligence Agency
refused, to comment on the- matter
yesterday. A White House official said
he was unaware of any policy change.
But it seems clear that'at least some
of the disclosures were orchestrated.
Last month, for instance, John Me-
..Mahon, the CIA's deputy director for
operations, told a House Intelligence
subcommittee in closed. session about
Soviet forgeries of U:S. government
documents. Last ? week the testimony
was suddenly made public,. exposing
to publ}c'view more than.: 100 pages of
examples of alleged Soviet-bloc props-.
ganda.: ;
The release was to. "dramatize" re-
.cent increases in such forgeries; a sub-
committee spokesman said:..
The:.Chicago Tribune- reported -on
Monday that. the.- CIA has disclosed
the names of 'many Soviet-bloc agents
of influence- to allied ' intelligence in
recent weeks.-
In his' 'testimOny McMahon- noted
that a forged U.S. Army field. manual.
--purporting to 'show plans for Ameri-_
can interference in allies'" domestic af-
fairs--showed up in Spain in?':1977' in.
the hands of a Cuban intelligence offi.
cer. The Tribune story, said'the CIA
gave the names of those involved' in
the fabrication to Spanish intelli-
.gene:
Another exposure 'bf?a 'Soviet' espio.
nage-,network occurred in: January:in.-
New Zealand, - where Soviet: Ambassa
dor V'sevolod.: Sofinsky ;,was: ;expelled:.
after he` .was accused-- of funneling money to: a
socialist political party.
In retaliation,' the Soviets expelled the, New
Zealand; ambassador from Moscow a month before
the end of his scheduled tour of duty.
In Canada in January, two Soviet embassy of-
ficials were expelled after. being charged with. pay=
ing money to an American undercover agent.
In Japan, the army's chief of staff resigned after
a Soviet-run spy network was closed down by police.
Intelligence officials refused to say yesterday
whether these events were connected. -
There. has long been a dispute within the , ina
telligence community about how to treat foreign
diplomats caught as spies. The traditional theory
is the one the-FBI's Cregar noted yesterday: expel
the person quietly, so the other. country doesn't
feel compelled to respond in kind.
. There's another. argument against even quietly
expelling the discovered spy, intelligence officials
note. At least you know who he is and can monitor
his activities. If' he's kicked -out, he'll be replaced
by someone your. counterintelligence will; have to
find all over again; they= said.
Last fall, in the wake.of.the controversy-over
the Soviet brigade of troops in. _ Cuba, columnist
Jack Anderson reported' that national security af-
fairs adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski was. quarreling
with Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance about tak-
ing a hard line in generating anti-Soviet propa-
ganda. around the world. "
In a press conference at the time;:Vance took
pains to say there was' no dispute between State
and Brzezinski. He didn't deny the anti-Soviet-cam-
paign was being considered, however.
'The last publicized expulsion of a Soviet diplo- I
mat from the United States occurred" in 1978. via.
. dimir P. Zinyakin, an official at the Soviet mission
to the United Nations,. was forced to leave for his
role in a spy case. ? .
The . case involved two Soviet" employes who
didn't have diplomatic .immunity, and : were pros.
ecuted for buying U.S. defense secrets;.. from a
Navy officer cooperating with the FBI:: '
. Attorney General Griffin B. Bell decided to
press the-case. to; show. the United' States wouldn't
tolerate. spying by non-diplomats at all.
The FBI's Cregar said yesterday that he feels
the FBI has made excellent progress in its silent
counterintelligence battle with- communist=bloc
..spies. '
"We know more about their; methods of opera-
tion.' We have a . better appreciation of who their
intelligence officers are and of the equipment and
techniques they use against us," he said.
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I RAN
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j;ZTICLE ;APP
_r% I
O- ,j
Officlai9'_t el 914 W_D~parti~n~
SecretaryJodyoPo*dl'-.tried/: fortwo?
weeks; but.: without:-success; do get ,,
critfcal_segment oa=U_S. involvemenl<
'a+ouId.=confirot =only;`
Hard., -yesterday
utes segmerik in aiivance: o the broad
castalthougls'they~'had'noea L21e.
Sources iniiieat _ that the< phone
calls ffo&; Poweirand others; he=ad-'
;'ing. Henry' Precht of the.Iran:; desk::of;
week=`of . February.::- Il after:,?:"60
the.
Intelligence ,=gent' about various as- _
pects of the Story m yr " rc ,
;'. ur~~y[becaase va Caasiu~' & cutues-
tI2eti 'at'the
.u}S.?1R'.A~6~P~"~R'.`A~isBN?ILiZS17'LYl6:b~
THE WASHINGTON POST
6 March 1980
yesterday =to- avoid suggesting "they'd
"prevalled? foIl'owmg a. "confronts.
tioa' witlse_th mite House over, the
;segment, as? . SndicatedtFiyr Leonard's
gest:that_the repeated calls amopnted'
to : considPsabin ptesstu to drop~Fthe
One source, who s asked{ not to
identified ald xthat' the .callers wart-
Swrong weekends to'`do it,'~imp~Ythgi
tionsiver'e:?underwayfor_he?Amer z
icaahastages-ieId at.;tire embrassy.in
Tehrato meet : the ,Unitedt',,,Nations-
commission,?orthat;it;was: a matter
said `'yesterday: -that: the.` press : secre
tart' "was really saying.in effect 'don't
do'it'but- .frankly I never fully- under
stood'.wliat his arguments against.. our,
s 'hfa::source wiio~a}so+asked-no1 e
a_?sltoiitiag match with.. the Whiter:
Hous;;y: said . that "as far as-y_[hej~'
kne9 -Powell vas pretty circumspect
Ia';Iti?~ tills, although did hear"that
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ntng,:.o , the eve of the Massachusetts',
pruelection.
)1a fflcfals of:'CBS News were'careful ',
segm=ent, as..indicated by I:eonard's;
brief -
Bui burces At the network. did -sug? ..
gestc ligt the repeated calls amounted
to ~coi}sid.. . _ e_ . pressure . to drop Jh
7,7 7,
ously?tiisuggested that !"it; - was's:the.
wcbttg=weekend
ths "some 'kind delicate, negotia
Tehran: to meet the _United; Nations
of ?ga fotism ,nof,.to .broadcast aa?~
anti. h h program aC;this'3iuhe F `'
One person. who talked ? t Powell
do-jt' ut frankly- i never fully under
stoo *ihat his:arguments _againstyout,
This ~'source,: who also asked` not `to
a slfaiiOng thatch with ..the' White:
House` said .that "as far.: as ;The]
knevekk"dwell'.was.pretty circumspect
he .:aiid Don Hewitt .finally:-had , a;"
Neither Powell;?'Hewftt norv Wallace;
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AitTICLE AP2'iLAi2D
ON PAGEJ_
THE WASHINGTON POST
4 March 1980
Joseph Kraft
YIN
hi e ra i ran..
Abundant signs -stamp fiasco on the
special United Nations commission now
visiting Iran. Even if the hostages are
eventually released, the price promises
.to be a black eye.for the United States.
-; : So the administration. ought to - be
taking active measures to control the
damage. It should at the very least pre-
pare and publish: an official white pa
per, setting out in full detail the role=
played by this,country in Iran over the-.
past 35 years: ,
The U.N. commission on Iran rests on
a. series of political judgments made by
Secretary General. Kurt Waldheim and
accepted by Secretary- of State Cyrus
Vance and President Carter. The prem-
ises are as follows:.
Abol Hassan -BaniSadr,. Iran's new
president, wants to settle the hostage
affair quickly. in order to get on with.
'the. business of, governing. To' make
settlement, however. BaniSadr - needs
the support of.Ayatoilah Khomeini To
get the ayatollah's support, BaniSadr
has to fob off the. militants holding the
hostages and their allies in the ayatol-
lah's entourage notably Foreign. Min-,
ister Sadegh Ghotbzadeh.
To . that end; -'the- commission -was
loaded with members sympathetic to
the. Iranian revolution and prone to
think of the United States as a dirty. lm-.
periallst power. It. was empowered to
hear-and to.validate_by_implication at
least-Iranian : complaints, against.. the.-
de posed shah and the. steps taken..by.
the United States in his support:'
In return-the- commission was:sup?-;
posed to visit the. hostages-as'the first-
;:step toward their. transfer out of :the
embassy and the ,. physical; custody of
.the militants. Once 'thee?first 'transfer.'
had been effected; the eventual releaser
z.=:Numerous developments--especially
A he ayatollah's statement that the final.
` disposition of the hostages would be
left to a parliament named in elections.
this month and next-have cast doubts -
on that approach.. The Carter adminis-
tration is in poor position to-dig in its
heels at. this juncture. It has. staked
everything on release; of. the hostages,
and can do nothing-that would shatter
that hope. The more so as an acknowl-
edgment of. failure would be an admis-.
sion,in the midst of the primary cam-
paign; that: the president' had been,
duped once again:::..::.
Unfortunately. 'the weakiiess- of 'the
administration is fully apparent to all
parties. The-Iranians are playing Wash-.
ington-day- after day and week after
week-for a- yo-yo. The U.N. commis-
sion is- going along with. the charade. It
is a mark of its lack of seriousness that
the cochairman, Andres- Aguilar. of:
Venezuela, flew- back to Caracas last
Friday forthe-purpose of being induct-
? 6d; into an honorific academy. So even
if the hostages are eventually released,
the United States will have shown itself
in the process to be a total' patsy, ready
.to put up with any indignity... :. .
It is in these circumstances, as a min-
imal barrier against public abuse of this
country, that the white paper suggests it
self..The document would not show that
'the United States acted in a perfect way.
..It would indicate that the regime of the
shah was highly. corrupt It would show
that the shah's - regime ? was brutal=
though far less than generally imagined.
and. sometimes.. in',,retaliation for the
murder of American citizens by.terrorist.
groups.. But-it would' also show that. in
several major matters, the United States
'treated--Iran in ways wholly consistent.
with its constructive postwar record.
First;. there was: the Soviet invasion
of''Azerbaijan.and the. establishment of ;
c a; puppet goverament~'at~Ai o&en& oL
-World, War lLHarryTruman took a.
:strong stand against.that piece of Sovi.
et--aggression. =Working'through-%ther
United Nations, he forced the Russians!
tastand.dowa and'yfeld-up the.terri:
G:tory they had
Then .there wasthe Point N program
I.
for.-..technical=assistance': initiated by.,
;.Truman inn 1950' and 'maintained by sub-:
z sequent administrations:w thkfran: as a:'
;-'principal. beneficiary:-;';The` = United:.
Stites: not: only:pourreUin in. lions. tn-
would follow quickl
support programs for literacy and rural.
development, but it trained the basic
.cadre of Iranian civil servants. Then there was the intervention, in,
1953, which restored the shah after he-
had-been forced to flee the country by'
the regime of. Mohammed. Mossadegh.'
It is true that-American and. British in- .
to i ence worked an in ban . to co-
ordinate 'Iranian resistance to : ossa-
degh. But otherwise, the CIA's role has.
been enormously exaggerated. The ba-
.sic resistance to ossa a came from-
Iranians, and the shah was - welcomed
-back to. Tehran with an outburst - of.
spontaneous enthusiasm. He went on .
.whatever.. the corruption-to play a.
major role in moving to modernize his.
country and maintain a semblance of
-security in - the region of the Persian`
Gulf and the tier of countries ranging;
from Turkey and Iraq through Iran to-
`Pakistan and- Afghanistan. -
The record, in short, is not one that.
justifies the wholesale condemnation now.
being -prepared in Tehran and at the
United Nations. The president and' the
secretary of state-who are themselves
due for harsh judgment by history in this:
matter-would strengthen. their hand if-,.
they at least worked to make public a full'
and fair account of. what actually hap-.
pened between the. United States and
Iran over the whole postwar period.
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ARTICLE APP EARZD THE BOSTON GLOBE
ON PAGE 3 March 1980
Carter~ eve
urt
shah - reoort
WASHINGTON A "furious" 'resident Jimmy
Carter abruptly halted CIA payments supporting Iran's
islamic-, religious affairs in 1977, despite warnings. the
cutoff would undermine the shah; according to Politics
Today magazine. -.ar .
In the magazine's most recent issue, writer Daniel
Drooz said details of the events were provided by "six
agents, former agents and intelligence analysts."
--Drooz, said the CIA payments began_in 1953 after the
shah's ouster by Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq.
The CIA assisted in restoring the shah.to the throne and
began payments to the country's ayatollahs and mullahs
- in essence buying support for the shah, he said. .
"For the next decade the shah and Iran's religious
leaders coexisted more or less peacefully, while the CIA
quietly sent regular-payments to help support the mul-
lahs,". Drooz said:
But the payments came to an abrupt halt shortly after
Carter became President in 1977 when-the,Washington
Post revealed payments of $10 million a year to Jordan's
King Hussein, Drooz said"
"Carter was furious," Drooz said.."The new President,
who had waged his campaign- on the need for honesty in
government, ordered that all such payoffs to Jordan -
and any other.foreign governments - be stopped."
Drooz said the-payments cutoff was followed by a re-
ligious upheaval that ended in February 1978 with the
ouster of the shah - .
The cutoff. was not the only reason, or even; the main
reason, that the shah faced opposition, Drooz added. But,
he said, `?.'The President could not have failed to under
stand the .increased pressure that his secret decision
wouldput.or the shah. and his chances to remain in of
n;~`S-:4rst.~?:~s:r::.x:.,~~?:ir'. . _ =_ii.r:.:~'ti"vZ`Ra'.
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C:i i?4GE 4 -L_ ..-
a
takes in Iran -an ally Ptesi.
dent Carter had once embraced as ai
(1) When &U,.& Embassy inTehe. great friend - became an embarrass.!
.ran was invadsA n.rar o vm~ ...,.. ?t.- '! -
couraged other terrorists to seize 1?. k. on Y would all, oe forgiven, but that,
L Akes. U.S. as, in Ican would commence. This i
ambassadors in Colombia. That's only." was, in effect. a ransom offer, further
the beginning. i Wilis it
An enumeration.of.some ofour.mis ~.. I underscoring our desperation.
(8) When the Sh
h
.. U.- .N.. a.Naa.av a va., anaaua `-:1UC: ua -? otwar 8 ..
A - garnet the U.&, Mr. Carter
and flip
appeasement of terrorists ' fioipped, letting it be known that not
who seized diplomats.in Iran has en.;.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
3 March 1980
V ng
t pro- ki. apper propaganda-i
week before the hostage seizure was a : drawbacks, Carter officials said it was. before, rather than after, the hostages
blunder that helped ihe.radicals bring "ridiculous " to use food as a weapon are set free. Which. brings.us to this
down the well-meaning moderate (a policy later reversed in regard to week's mistake:
(4) When our embassy was invaded the Soviet Union). Instead, much fan- (10) When,the "gentlemen's. agree.
and our citizens ' kidnapped, Defense. fare accompanied feeble attempts to meet" was broken, Mr. Carter failed
Secretary Harold Brown rejected a harass Iranian students here and to to call for the immediate return of thel
plan to land two-planeloads of., U.S.. order Iranian diplomats to leave; both . U.N. panel. Instead of thus putting
commandos in Qum to counter-kidnap poeturings were soon abandoned. pressure on the. kidnappers, he was
the Ayatollah Khomeini -then lightly :.(7) , When mild J economic sanctions' suckered again'. by the BaniSadr/
guarded-so as to arrange a trade. On were finally, announced, the Soviet in. Ghotbzadeh nice-guy/tough-guy. rou-
the contrary, as a future: Congres vasionof Afghanistan- invited by the tine:
sional investigation will show; Mr display of American weakness both in One result of the surrender to terror-
Brown ordered the Joint Chiefs to send Cuba and! in Iran . provided the Car- ism has been to lengthen rather than
the carrier Midway,:thenin the Indian ter'men with an excuse to rescind their shorten the hostages' stay in bondage.
Ocean, farther away from Iran; . lest threat of minor pressure on the terror- The other result is the kidnapping of I
the terrorists think that U.S. military ists. Instead of holding to his position more diplomats last week and thee{{I
Carter erred Meanwhile, I that the return of the hostages would threat .to thousands of other iifnocen
President ts!
force t be .a 1by publicly rut- not in itself settle the score for the act in years to come
c
!m rci es an raised promptly dishonored;-, now the corn. I
Brzezinski s. meeting with . Prime prices in Iran and shown that kidnap. emission is under pressure to deliverI
Minister Bazargan I In : Algeria one ping Americans was not without its
h
.acaaawr ruwaru renneaynrgmgmore
first embassy takeover encouraged !i concessions, Mr. Carter. agreed to a
thesecond take-over in November. mg out the tse of force, there. U.N. forum for an anti-Shah. anti.U.S.
(2) When our diplomats in Teheran hand. brengthening the kidnappers'
advised publicity. orgy. The quid pro quo for
gtori that admission of this world obeisance. to kidnappers
the Shah to the U.S.Ifor medical treat.. (5) When Mr. Carter sought. to ne- . was supposed to be. the release of the
went might provoke attacks, the Car- gothic with they terrorists, he desig- .. hostages. Now even that policy of pre.
ter State Department failed to reduce'-. nated as his representatives Ramsey emptive concession has failed.
the U.S. Embassy staff or to direct the Clark, the friend of Hanoi who had. .. The ''gentlemen's agreement" with
securing of our records. On.the-con- been soliciting the Ayatollah's. legal Mr. Ghotbzadeh was negotiated in
trary, the Administration urged . business, and William Miller, the Mon. Paris by Hamilton Jordan and Harold
American. businessmen . to increase . dale ally who had done so much to trip. Saunders, the State . Department's
their vulnerability. . pie the C.LA This signal of obsequi- friend of the P.L.O. But Jordan and-1
(3) When. assured by the interim ousness was met with contempt and Saunders - were- unfamiliar. with. the I
Prime Minister- that our: embassy' the.Carterenvoysweresnubbed. Persian trick of agreeing first and?ne-:I
would be protected; the Carter men . (6) When urged by U.S. hawks to gotiating afterward.. The supposed
completely misassessed the political ` embargo food to Iran, which would deal of commission-for-hostages was
realities in Iran. Worse - Zbi law - have caused S
a 'ti d
Uy w. ranama; - irdnian--toreign
Lions of our territorial integrity. The Minister Ghotbzadeh accurate!
Carter men did not want to offend Aya. , I . called this American acquiescence to
tollah Khomeini, whom they had . Iran's pressure "a "
helped to power by blocking a coup of great vt- breat
irinian nenn-ata ,s....~~~___ -..~ By Wt7ham Safire ' (9) When he felt the hot-breath, of
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C.
!: r i c"r tt N-' R ED
0;%i' jP Ail
PROSECUTOR SEEKS
U.S. HOSTAGE IN. IRAN.
Letter Urges the Foreign Ministry
to Yield American Held There
By RsirtM
TEHERAN, Iran, Monday, March 3 -
Foreign Minister Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
was asked by the Public Prosecutor's Of-
fice last night to hand over Victor L. Tom-
seth, a United States Embassy official
who is being held at the Foreign Ministry
here.
An unsigned letter sent to Mr., Ghotbza-
deh by the Prosecutor General, Hojatolis-
lam Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili,. and
broadcast on the state radio asked him to
turn over Mr. Tomseth for closer exami-
nation of alleged links between the United
States Embassy and the extremist guer
rilla group called Forghan.
The letter said the request was made
because members of the Forghan group
were on trial and the militants in the em-
bassy had revealed a document indicat-
ing a connection between the -embassy
and the guerrilla organization. Forghan
took responsibility for attacks on leading
Moslem clergymen last year, but its or-
ganization appeared to have been shat-
tered when revolutionary guards raided
secret hideouts in Teheran in.early Janu-
ary-The development came as. the, United r
THE NEW YORK TIMES
3 March 1980
Nations commission inve'stigating'Tran's
grievances against'the deposed Shah ap-
peared to be a step closer ?to visiting the
American hostages being held by Islamic
militants at?the embassy, as a. compro-
mise agreement. with the.captors:on the
:format;of"such,'a visit appeared" ta: be.
near?
I onieini Leaves Hospital#v~
Ruhollah'.IOto
;Meanwhile; Ayatollah.
ateini,,.the Iranian' revolutionary leader.
was released yesterday from the Meh
Rezaf Heart Hospital here where. he had
been confined. for five weeks because of a
heart ailment, and rode is a motorcade to
ahomenearby::
Before ? his departure the 79-year-old
leader; in a strong voice, told a crowd of
hospital workers gathered under the bil-
cony of his room: "Now that I am leaving'
you;Ithankyouall.".'
:- In -hts.1ll-minute- talk"_the ? Ayatollah
called. on: Iranians to vote- for. faithful
Moslems, in the parliamentary, elections
.'scheduled to start on March 14. - .
'"'Now we have an Islamic republic and-'
:the parliament will be an Islamic.assem-
bly'and all our morality should be Islam-
: ic," he said. "So I ask you to.elect people
who are committed to Islam'and are nei-
Aher Eastern nor Western:"
Ayatollah Khomeini has said that the
new parliament. would decide terms for
the release of the American hostages in
:the embassy, but he made no reference to
the hostages yesterday.
The prosecutor general's letter to Mr.
Ghotbzadeh last night asked the: Foreign
1Minister to "order Mr. Tomseth who is
.one of the hostages of the Iranian nation,
"be handed over to the Islamic Revolution-
_ary Public Prosecutor's Office.
The:: ailitants, who seized. the embassy:
,t,oa Nov. 4 and.are. holding about 8o.hos-
tages-there have asked that Mr. Tomseth
and two atherembassv ciIIicialswho-were
in,the-Iranian-oreign Ministry at .the
time of the. seizure be' handed over to
them. The two others are L. Bruce Lain-
gen, the United States charge d'affaires,
-. The five-member United Nations com-
mission continued its work in private yes-
terday. amid reports that. it might soon
meet with the American hostages in the
'einbassy. But.the.exact time for a possi-
ble meeting was-still uncertain because
fthe. militants: said crucial details -
re-mained to be worked out..., ::. .:
The key' to the matter appeared to be
whether the-commission would accept as
evidence documents, seized by the mill-
.tant_a'and whether it would interview the
---" he commission' wanted to see' the
hostages as witnesses;' Mr. Habibi said.
"There is progress because the commis-
'lion in principle is going to agree to take
the documents discovered is the embassy'
n Titnlag ""..`
Aide Won't Speculatee
source' close to.: the `commission :'said;
Yes, it's somethiaglike that.',
Asked when: thee: piojected`:.meetingg
would : take' place,: the commission's
spokesman, : Samir Sambar. said:.:. ''r.
would not speculate on the exact timing.'.'.
But there were strong indications that it,.
Since taking over .the embassy: the
ing o.s ow at at east members
.o etat so
o ow the apparent agreement
had: come ?: about were : unclear, _ .but
to a surprise visit paid early yesterday by
chairman of.the'cbmm saion:.,x
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AFGHANISTAN
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;tom
ARTICLE' AP?y:B!D
03 PAGE
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
5 March ,1980
NewAfghan atrbcte
alleged by the CIS
By Daniel Southerland ..
Staff correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor
Washingto>o
The US Central Intelligence Agency has revealed new re- Observer who said he had recently seen the
ports of atrocities alleged to have been committed by Soviet- ',. destruction of 80 percent of the villages along
supported troops in Afghanistan. ., one of Afghanistan's main roads and with new,
In a letter to Sen. Lloyd Bentsen (D) of Texas. CIA direr- reports from other US government sources-
tor . Stanfield Turner. listed : the following until-now that the Soviets have used nerve gas in trying ;
unreported events said to :have occurred in Afghanistan in to crush Afghan guerrillas. ..: _
1979: ; Admiral,_ Turner's letter. to Senator,
a In retribution against: a village that refused to cooperate Bentsen came in response to a. letter from the'.
with the Kabul regime, Afghan troops destroyed the village senator asking for information about a report
and killed ZO of its inhabitants. The children among the vic- in The.Christian Science-Monitor Feb. 4 which
time were mutilated in front of their parents before the entire quoted survivors as saying that Afghan
group was slain. troops. under Soviet orders, had murdered ..
? In another incident reportedly motivated by retribution, 1,170 unarmed men and boys last April in the
Afghan soldiers killed 300 villagers.... I . village of Kerala in eastern Afghanistan. .
In addition, the letter from Admiral Turner said that there . The CIA director said. in his response that
had been reports of several cases of: rapeperpetrated by the agency was "almost certain" that the: al-
leged massacre did occur. He said CIA bad no
on-the-spot confirmation from its own sources
but noted that a strikingly similar account ap-
I I peared in a Pakistani newspaper on April 29,
1979.
I As a result of Admiral Turner's report to
him, Senator Bentsen has urged President,
Carter to seek a UN Security Council investi-
gation of the alleged massacre at Kerala. In a
letter to the President dated March 4,, the sen-
ator said that if the Soviet Union were to veto
such an inquiry, then "the veto itself would
speak volumes about Soviet conduct, and. the..j
insure that the.
debate leading to the veto will
whole world will. watch the`debate and evalu--
atethe charges."
He suggested. that as .alternatives _tbe.
President might warit.to consider an invests--.
gation by the full - UN General. Assembly; or;
.:
one by the international Red Cross.'_..
On March 3.- Shyam Bbatia'of the London;
.Observer, who. was held captive by Afghan?,:
guerrillas, reported that 8o percent.of thevil-'
bul=
g
Afghan soldiers, some of which were alleged
I to have resulted in the victims' deaths..
The CIA director said details of all of these
incidents had to be omitted in order to protect
sources of . information. He also said that
there have likely been numerous unreported,
incidents of this kind.
The CIA reports coincided with one from a
..-'-- ~---~ .....ie..? i... Fl.- T-Ann
a
lages along most of the 220-mule maun
Kandahar road "were just flattened" by rock-
ets fired, by -'Soviet-supplied helicopter
gunships. According to a,United' Press,Inter-
national report,:' the correspondent further
said'. that. hundreds of.-civilians,- including
women - and children..-were killed' in indis-
. a
crirninate attacks by such gunships- "~' -
Carter . administration:: sources. mean-
while, said reports on the use of-nerve gas by
the. Soviets in Afghanistan were based not on .
"clinical evidence" but. on, numerous:: ac-
counts from refugees gathered aver,a period
of several months
US State. Department . officals: began re
, porting;some weeks ago that the Soviets had ,
taken chemical warfareand decontamination-,
eauinment with them into Afghanistan.. X `'
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1RTICL$ APP~:AB r)
_4q lid
olt P A G 1133
THE.BALTIMCRE SUN
5 March 1980
CIA: is. `almost certaa
Washington (AP)-Tl a Central Intelli '.'in eastern Afghanistan, last ApnL ? Aggravated rapes. by. Afghan sol-
genge Agency is "almost certain" Afghan Admiral I Turner said the. CIA has re- diers, . some resulting -in the. victims'
troops acting under orders from Soviet ad ports of other "atrocities"' last year in of-., deaths..
visers massacred 1.300 civilians last year, ghanistan, while it is likely that additional:. Mr.:. Bentsen responded by calling for
the agency's, director says in a letter. to incidents have not been reported.. an investigation by the United Nations or-
Senator Lloyd Bentsen. The CIA director said the incidents that:. other international: organization of alleged
We have no on-the-spot confirmation have come to the attention. of the CIA in-' atrocities in Afghanistan.
from our own- sources,I but a strikingly dude The senator said he understood that be-
similar ' account appeared in a Pakistani ? The destruction by Afghan troops of hind-the-scenes negotiations, might make.
newspaper;' Adm. Stansfield Turner, the a village ttiat- refused -to cooperate with discretion necessary.
director of `central intelligence, wrote Mr the Kabul regime and the. killing of 20 of "At., the same ,time,. I_. believe very
Bentsen (D, Texas) can.critics of'the agencies, On and oft.
::Capitol Hill; bepteased.witlt the intelli-
genre that: the agencies are expected.
to get . what they-, want frorir the full
Senate,. perhaps, before this; summer.
Still,. last weekend, Senator Robert
Byrd of West Virginia! the Senate ma-
jority leader. :insisted_that'account~.
ability" must be a matter Of laii not
an informal understanding. ,Congress,
he said, won't give the C.I.A.- "or.any.
otheragencycarteblanche." :
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ARTICLE APPL.tED NEW YORK TIMES
ON PAGE
1 MARCH 1980
Carlucci a rs C.I.A. iwas tot Used Reporters,
C1erlcs,or:Academics
WASHINGTON, Feb. 29 (UPI) - A
spokesman for the Central Intelligence
Agency said yesterday that, contrary to a
previous indication; the agency had not in
recent years used United States. report-
ers, clergymen or academics for intelli-
gence purposes. The agency's deputy director, Frank C.
Carlucci, told the-.: Senate- Intelligence
Committee that he was clarifying re-
marks made to the panel last week by the
Director of Central. Intelligence, Adm.
Stanfield Turner, about the use of such
Admiral Turner had said that using
"internal" powers he had "in very lim
ited occasions" waived provisions of x-
1975 Senate resolution forbidding the use
of journalists, clergymen or academics
for "cover'-"for intelligence purposes.:
Admiral' Turner said he did not con-
Sider himself bound to give prior notice to
the committees about very sensitive,
planned covert ; events. because "leaks"
could risk the lives of agents.
The remarks created concern in the.
Senate and House Intelligence,Commtt-
tees and brought protests from religious,:
leaders. The committees asked for clari-
fication of the remarks:
At yesterday's: hearing on:proposed'
charters for some branches of the intelli-
gence community;.--Mr- _ Carlucci said
that, although Admirat.Turner: had au-.
thorized waivers for the use of the pro-
scribed groups, the waivers-had not been
Mr. Carlucci said that the agency was
in favor of a charter for its operations but
wanted latitude in exceptional cases ?t6.
waive some of the restrictions.
Mr. Carlucci aoneared before the cor ,.
-fence Intelligence Agency, ? and Adm:
'Daniel: J. Murphy; Under- Secretary of
Defense for Policy..:.. -
None objected to: charters ?or reason.
able regulation governing the gathering
of intelligence-or-in counterintelligence
solong.as sources and methods were not
compromised. ' '
? All strongly objectedto disclosure re-
quirements of the Freedom of Inforina:
tion Act that they said tied up hundreds of
their employees in search and analysis,
cost millions of dollars a year and could
disclose classified. material unless most
carefullymonitored.'
aau