REPORT TO THE NSC ON NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAMS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01065A000400020030-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 7, 2003
• Sequence Number: 30
• Publication Date: July 15, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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REPORT TO THE NSC ON NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PRA
JUL 15 1952
The Central Intelligence Agency, in conformity with NSC 10/2 and 10/5,
has developed covert programs on a world-wide basis in support of national
psychological objectives.
From a covert point of view, there is need for forthright exposition and
constant repetition of what the U, S. stands for in the present day of inter-
national tension, This declaration should reaffirm those principles which
characterize our position in the C ty of Nations; our respect for the
dignity of the hu an being; our belief in a just economic system which res-
pects the rights of private property; free enterprise, which recognizes the
responsibilities and privileges of labor and management; recognition of our
international responsibilities; our determination not to withdraw from the
affairs of Europe; our concern for the cultural, political, and economic
integrity of the peoples of Asia; our equal determination to assist the unfor-
tunate peoples of the Satellite States in regaining their lost liberties; our
friendship for the peoples of the USSR; our dedicated belief in the future of
the United Nations; and, finally, our determination to nmintain.the security
of the free world.
This statement of principles is vital at this time to give meaning and
justification to the activities of Radio Free Europe, as well as other covert
activities pertaining to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Orbit in general,
adiately following is a general report by geographical area of the
status and progress of covert activities for the past fiscal year with
respect to U. S. national psychological programs,
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D. ,bat, ar.a Aq nq .~a r _ an r 3ari~ d t o r~ ~ss~'ul.
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The aWOOsEd A acca plis rxt of a. cold progrxa i,,,,
contingent upon the dev to n9 and s irate na j of solidarity
ani oohesivo streng of the Western Po? rs.
b. fAe
The greater . single obstacle to the attainent of o?
n. bona. paychalogic&i. jrcgrrm io the pre enc of poem
continge ti of the Redd ArW in fast Gar=Mr.. rsustrr3 i, Y-b2A ,,,
oslo-valda, and H rq
The se urity police forces are the grasteat deter nt;
for realizis our natioml oio The Ballrn
peop7.e8 reportedly fool that little can ba dom' by the West with
MOPeet to the Cc n1st ontroll..ed polio forces., earcept under.
conditions of war, to free them from the communist yoke.
rR, The of a oon olled prolt state %hlah has
employed every p l w4I and technical moans to isolete its
1 e ple from
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people from oontsat with n oxa Coa .nist nations a, peo i j' a
nt ideology under firm pexty propagation; ability -7 i or its system
to l au; doovmutary oorrtwol on
to employ coercion without rege
-rd the r saveaa nt of peoples F. oonooi itc..nt vi.glancq i ,i
oho&,s affo 4 a kes ageat reo: ita;Iar t and. utilization of i.Yadi nouts
personal a forn1dabl a obata& :.. There amp hoo A ac t_nIea .tile
2m
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Mt jor deterrents to sw3Cesstul pwo-witiom of a mti no.1
p ho1,ogi. i p m in the 1 ".delis EaA area axwe the rise of i 5 s.
ponsible nat ovalis i4 a coa ap tnied by anti-Wostcrnis ? ti olo 'Iris ,
rol.igiou-,.i t s y and zenop b ; ecoz 1ks insta"bIlity and sot-,W.
uxnesty : a i; re ono1 di utese s h as s P&Iesbin a O dr
pa.-oh1cirs; i:,itornatio . disputes., h a; the A O- pt a, kaglc-
au mad ftnamr-TunUbm cox oversioe; and politiosi i ptitude
and is re ponsibi1i y-.
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The c jor di :d-v ntage accruing to the U. S. Covea4 Yri: in
t h e Far East is t h e f a c t of its over-all position of relative wwdmew
militarily,, econo .aaUy, and psychologically. Isar-~.bil.ity to ' a:.ng
the Korean war to a satisfactory conalusicn and the eontix d tIi .t
to Indochina are factors militating against the restoration of gba-
bility :bi the Far East. Presont status of recognition andwa cognition
of Coi list China among the Allied, powers is a special factor i dirg
U. S. psychological pro s; l.ika se, the confiiot in attitudes and
ob jea t3: vast in Southeast Paid. betaeu the U. S., Britain, and Fran m.
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The proven effioioxy id extent of Comm i:st adninietrat ve-
and police control are ad:3itio ml restrictive factors to the sup :aa
of U. S. p:o .aras. The nationalist aspirations of peoples striving
for release f eolonial dominaxtoa (:Zradoe1th , l4ialaya) a the poll ti-
c ? is t . ity a ineptitude of those recently released (Inc7onsita,
Biz; a.) a a inhibitions which csonsoionsyy lea them suspect of U. So
z fives tra d effox 9 no tt how m ell intentiond, The fear in these
peoples of odor rmlo dom>lna by the U. S. has sur. ceded the fezw of
political eservlenoe,, British and A neri ,.n conflict on policy with
r sspert to CbIm
h. ~~ has
U. con ntration on Ei opeau mtte a, and partioular r the
large q .nti.ties of money et:led in that area, have given n'.; a to
satin American charges that the U S. is nagleotin its naty ea1. aard
ssious,, with the possible ? ception of the a fission to combat anti-
A rioanitna In the area,
truest :lends.
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Factors that hide the suocessfu1 prosecution of a nat ion 3.
psyoholeogit%3 progma arty:
aA The continuing inegizlity in the distribution of inc;om.
in Western Mwope, particularly rnoe9 Italy9 Ge ny me.
the very limited sucoess that 1 (Aryl WA) has had in hm-ln?.;' :,
pwess to bear to change this situation.,
b. The excessively militaristic and aggressive tors of soq
of the statements made by our Governint officials which p1e r
directly into the hand,a of the Soviet r ce offensive,
cc, The imbil.ity of the U. S G r nt on specific is n s
relating to colonialisct to to a fim,M and clear stand be ause of
the exigencies of than Euopean alliame system.
d. The . Achilles heel of the racial issue in the United States
and the ineffective efforts- to date to deal with the exploitation
of this situation by the Gum stem
e. The Warrsxa Act and its lim .tI ng prohibitions on iri m Ta.
tion into this country.
fo The fact that our thrift structure runs directly counter to
our efforts to a and. international trade and severely limits the
ability of foreign ao tr s to export to this coua a
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:L. Wbut is ticra is _ b1e tbrouo covezt m s to
. t r Voice of mricn broadmgts we a .b' in
ite of ~; ri j T
b. What2mr thay wn proving effective In achieving our
objective?
a. Whether the siets have 'begun to p!: t into i,ffec. t
- a deuai to eeal off tin Rusin r Ma aad? axaac
from 8AY t. ati b"? our r&Iio o trn?
ti received in 3,9v 3O and 1951 through Ba rt
?: Im 3ndtcet that V broedce to s a. bit in t 3IR.
t areas fr= es i h tbes3i: i*porto or ted cared tom, ftltia
. tries W'A tom: U ini Recent is tQ Voe, 2w:'1:? V
i ? m tt tNe. v e r o jcaming instituted by t Sovic-ham
corei.c r rdduer-m! t bility of the V b:. dt. tsi , 7-1118
is 1 r m tr gated by the i oa tion. obt dne ff?r*s raefta aw
e u Prinamm of War, Soviet re a W. air' & m,-?a, A
i ic ate that c it b as tr of the USM do cnztti
lit$An to V b red ate deepite the ja g and the risk mvo1v&,
Im-m-2ch tus the
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,v as the only 3 lli nce cbtd t o covert
c tb V broadcasts c lwimrily frc the tic
ca tries and the Sri Sp It, vokLIA he extruMV dUTi- u1t
d4tOMIM . apt s time v t r t r o broadcasts n -vi.,. to
he eft tive in echievi ob3o ivee? ` ticn obtalmd
tjwoqft the ink tion of Soviet defectors, f . C3
i s of War ead recently arrived r r a Wneg ,y injicstec
t h a t the V O A broudaasU we not suffie:lmtly f f c e . t t' t a
c rable "tioa of t e progrMe is ciev d to it le &t
ttero which have no duct effect on the struMU between
There has also Won cor, ider c itici
t t West.
-A
iatf e tlF/lii is zimwity amigm a, pWt~jcujAr],V 6 s
cleil that the VQ broad to ore not udTicie nt
t'e e0eetfiti of the denims and ati.ona of t pcaplej inside
t a The $Y ian eaii 1 *a i iet that the VOA on
b acts ahou2A be made awe tne.jawl in character :i SbWM tape
cojplzmace of the Ukrainian atruggle far liberation.
TA A .al, tbare is sUfi isle evidence to in sate that,
rite tJn ap d r t in-nerfections which be inbereut in acne of
i WA pr , t4was b c C4 PUY an et W ca1
roles In the o,lee of the UM that there is an alternate
vaj of life aM, at the sew tin, providing with a bo-De of
tIti to li ratio i from the t3-rre sal oppression of the Soviet
Re a The ececti ee of theme broadcasts, however, not
be w-aaw,4d in terms
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be mommumed in terser of iaa ediate reactiesas or attainment of sh ort-
ra s objectives. T eir value lies aces in the field at praaratici
for a, lcg-ran paaycb,o ical ganditiooi'ig which oervem to reinforce
all. other efforts directed to win the support of the peoples of i'tbe
to o Cause.
There is no definitive evidence obtained through covert
chls which vould indicate that the, Soviets have begun to pat
into effect seasues desioaed? to seal off the Soviet radio audience
frogs my penetration by oestera radio vroarme. Obviously, Jmmlu
has been Instigated for this specific purpose. In addition, them
we uncaufft"d reports which indicate that the recent se'de1s
of Soviet seen fmcture& radios are ben ddsigssd to prevent tubilg
in to the broadcasts originating fro outside the a
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So, arity : n o ation
of 'votiveness of
as Voice of Ame ?iea a rd
b. Radio Free Asia
I the .r? mass t sewer to tits Chine10?
CIA has received little eridence through covert c aannels
of this offectiveneas of 'A'CA or F TA to date. The scarcity of radios
on the mainland and the ; yaten cf controls impos by the Communist
Gov?er ent are, of course., contxib; Ling factors; i o 'e spasifically
however, our agenta or the mainland at, this W me are too e'er and
too busy to handle anything but the highest priority ..rstn;.ligenceo
Intelligence reps)rts :inecicate that brf adca.ets to the main--
land of China via RFA reach only those government offieia ,e who are
.lowed radios, and offs 3i?al radio op :rators. al'-on of facilltioe
for broadcasting; to the m,..ainland of Ckdna would appaa:' to be useloas.
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 T? SECR ET
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PAR FAST
A. ,Korea
l6 Has the Korean debate led to w W conclusion an to the
a d vacs . or otherwise of coordinati machine in the ps3yohol gia
warfare field both with civilian and milita authorities?
Coordinating machinery as operating between civilian a and
military authorities in the field of psychological warfare in Korea
has given evidence of certain inadequacies4 Inasmuch as responsibility
for tactical psychological warfare is vested in the military, a quasf-j.
military organisation headed by a designee of the theater commander
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was eatablished.q This orgy suction has seed as as a rdinating
element in tactical psychological warfare ' measures operated both on the
part of the military and CTh but has failed to include the operations
of USIE services in Koreao
Two major plans formulated by the Psychologi Strategy
Board regarding the overall propaganda approach to Korea have to this
date failed to produce anything concrete aae to an agreed upon coordinated
effort especially where command and support are concerned. Likewleep
policy with regard to the Korean situation has been inadequate in
meeting aumnt and long=range propaganda requirements o It has often
b.wen necessary for the field to formulate its own policy to meet
situations aas ' they arise.
Has the experience
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30 It Is posib1e,, from r?ri11a setivitiee in Kofmo. to
draw useful conclusions which might. become practical in other a ?eas
Original CIA efforts in Korea were designed to recruit,
trains equip and launch classical guerrilla teases who were assigned
the task of organizing a resistance organization simultaneously with
and as a result of guerrilla operations. However, after a year of
.directing and supporting this operation, the program was reoriented
so that the first objective of the now program ward be towsird the
establishment of a politieal/psycholopic el resistance organisation
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has been able to. support, the military with battle intelligence. In
ps holagieel. warfare operations,) the Eighth United States Array in
Korea and CIA have for some tip worked in close cooperation in 25X1
implementing their different responsibilities o
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Soeuri infbrmati
LATIN ACA
1., at RjEw are under consideration to utilise all powfhe
2avert re umes to Clack the recent rs grDlth or
ao Qo0'a atld
b o ILP?
:W certain n rican aoi -1'jee?
(. L) a There is a very strong. Cfl - dst drive thravghout
Latin America, It U. aimed not so much at converting the Lain Aararioansa
but at .paralyzing action on their part through separating what are
largely pro-U.S. governments (now more responsive to public opinion than
formerly) from the people.. Comm in general presents its threat
through alliie with these nationalistic and social forces on an anti-
U4800 as i'free-enterprise basis. The great period of growth of the
Comnuni et- parties in Lami , , erica" in''t-le trl or three yews a ter
BJ-Cay and goa6aral7 r. Speaking t isyr lave`',, limed t in strength
and influence sin E them'' The "recent gx ro, therefore, is 14mf ted
an to sib and inflw nce to Guatemala and to a ]ewer extent Bolivia, mid
W toi i .uc to` rg.6btir a'end ta. a lesser extent Chile, T moot basia
underlying ` influm+rea: 'to bs dealt -with in tirii Americas hDVWVI6r, "axe the
tremendous -drives for natioralisn 'arm social justice ? going on i.n theca
aountriea ae "tiny energe from ~fh teas into the modern'sociil and
iacluatt revolutionti
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