INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000300030004-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 13, 2002
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: September 8, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY STATINTL
COUNTRY: USSR
SUB3ECT2 INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
Monitored Broadcast
DATE 29 July -
11 August 1952
CPW Report No. 47-A -- USSR
(29 July - 11 August 1952)
CONTENTS
AGRICULTURE ............. 2
PARTY ACTIVITIES 5
FCR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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AGRICULTURE
74-1
STATINTL
Discusg,ion of agricultural etatute violations accounts for a substantial part of the
output on agriculture. Although, as one paper puts it, the interests of the State
are identical with those of the collective farmers, statute violations have not yet
been stamped out. In a long RADYANSKA UKRAINA article or. the subject (31 July),
scientist R dchenko discussee agricultural crimes from the Marxian viewpoint, and
says that one of the explanations for the mentioned felonies in the rural areas are
"the surviving private-property attitude" (privatno-vlasnytski perezhyt)y) among the
farmers and the political immaturity" (politychea nezrilist) of the officials. (What
the scientist does not make clear, however, Is how such private-property ideas could
have survived among farm workers, the majority of whom were born or educated under
the Soviet regime.) Radchenko aleo hints at a "similarity of interests" between the
State and the individu 1 collective fermers, a circumstance which should theoretically
eliminate statute violations, but he does not pursue the theme. On the other hand,
he inveighs ageinst the liberal attitude toward criminal farmers which, he says,
encourages further crimes: "Unpunished statute violations set a very bad example for
other farmers" (Bezkarne porushuvannya Statutu podaye duzhe poganyi pryklad inshym
kolgospnikam). The extent of the theft of public property in the Ukraine may be
judged from the example of Zhitamir Oblast alone, as cited by Radchenko. The foilow-
ing properties, it is revealed, have been recovered and returned to their rightful
owners between 1 January 1951, and 1 July 1952:
Ukrainian versien:
140.9 hectares of land, 1,350 head of various
types of cattle, 10,988 fowl and 10 buildings.
Reclaimed also were large quantities of lumber,
produce, fodder and over 360,000 rubles In cash.
Zemli-e140.9 ga, pogolivya khudoby riznykh
vydiv--1.350 golly, ptytei--10.988 shtuk,
budivel--10. Povernuto bulo bagato lisomaterialiv,
riztrekh produktiv, furazhu I groshey ponad 360
tysyach Icrbovantsiv.
CPYRGHT
Shady collective f re, operations in Sumy Oblast are discussed in a Sumniy dispatch
carried by RADYANSKA PRAVDA on 2 Aagust (not broadcast). What unscrupulous leader-
ship and mismanagement can do to agriculture, says the author, may be seen by comparing
the operations of the two neighboring enlarged collective farms, Ilyich and Lenin, in
Lipova Donna Rayon. The Ilyich farm with 2,100 hectares of Land managed to get an
income of 1,031,000 rabies in 1951, while the Lenin farm which owns an area of 2,150
hect res was barely able to account for 302,547 rubles during the same period. The
re son for this discrepancy is very simple, says Sumnly: in one farm the statute is
rigidly observed while in the other the officials are running amok. Public pastures
are used for privately-owned cattle, and certain socialist properties are in the
habit of vanishing without a trace. In a third collective farm, the Kirov, the
chairman is said to "have drowned his authority in vodka" (vtopyv u goriltsi sviy
avtorytet), and the result is evtn a smaller income than in the above-named farms.
But the drunken chairman, the article concludes, is still in power and still "issues
orders" (daye komandu).
CHERNOMORSKA MAUNA (7 August) Insists on severe punishment for those "who infringe
the basic law" of kolkhoz life. The interests of the State, says the paper,
"coincide" with the general welfare ol the people, and only utter ignorance of the
country's social structure may explair the theft of collective farm property which
undermines the vilelity of the kolkhoz system. There is no reference to any specific
places or organizations, but the paper's editorial strictures appear to apply to
Odessa Oblast as a whole. The official attitude toward the continuing incidence of
agricultural crime is expreszed in a quotation from Stalin who said that
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the thief who steale the people's property and
undermines the interests of the national economy
le the same a ape- and a traitor, if not worse.
STATI NTL
A summarized RADYANSKA UKRAINA eeitorial (7 August) says that whatever the object of
concentration is at any given moment, the Soviet people must always bear in mind that
the agricultural statute is "the mmovable cornerstone of the Soviet ystem." The
protection of socialist property must therefore take precedence over every other
aspect of agricultural activities, and all the efforts of the Party, Komsomol and trade
union organizations must be directed toward "educating" the farmers in that spirit.
There is no further amplific4tion of this point.
An article by Chernichenko and Ryaboalyach carried by PRAVD A on 30 July (not broadcast)
lists six Ukrainian oblasts where grein losses are still unchecked. They are:
Kirovograd, Poltava, Kiev, Odessa, Voroehilovgrad and Nikolayev. Losses, says the
article, have already been incurred through the flattening of the grain crops by the
elements (polegshiy khleb, literally "downed grain"). This situation could have been
remedied to some extent if all the harvesters were equipped with stalk-lifting attach-
ments. But this, says Chernichenko, ie not being done and the losses continue to
multiply, amounting in some place to 100 pounds per hectare. Grain losses are also
said to be sustained in transit where the grain is not sufficiently guarded. Another
source of agricultural weakness ip the mentioned ()bleats is the inefficient utilization
of the combine harvesters. Technical defects keep a large number of them off the
fields while the productivity of those in operation is often below average. In Odessa
Oblast, for example, the average output per combine is SO% of the prescribed norm,
while in Kirovograd Oblast the daily performance is even lower-only 4.2 hectares per
machine.
Odessa Oblast is also the object of criticism by RADYANSKA UKRAINA of 1 August. The
first in the Republic to begin harvesting, the oblast is now reported to be among the
slowest, with only 39.3% of the total grain crops harvested by 25 July. Unfortunately,
says the editorial, Odessa is not alone in the Republic. Kirovograd, Nikolayev,
Stalin?, Kiev and a number of other unnamed oblasts are not much better. Although
between 75% and 90% of the cultivated area is to be harvested by machinery, under the
1952 plan, the actual performance in the mentioned ()blasts is not anywhere near those
figure. In Kiev Oblast, for example, the combine-harvested area amounts to 11.7%
of the total, 1r Vrovograd 17.1% and in Stalin? q0.8%.Tdle machine", ieerfietent
utilization ot working equipment and failure to prevent grain losses by
employing stalk-raising devices (koloaopidiymach) have combined to produce a situation
requiring drastic mesaurea:
CPYRGHT
Ukrainian version:
It is a sad fact that ... only 33.6% of the grain
cultures have been harvested in the Ukraine,
despite the fact that harvesting was started al-
moat thret weeks ago.
Khiba ne povchalnym ye toy fakt, shcho po
Ukraini zibrano tilky 33.6% posiviv koloskovykh,
khoch zhnyva vzhe tryvaynt mayzhe try tyzhni.
Criticism of familiar technical breakdowns. idle machinery and excessive grain losses
is contained in a KAZAKHSTANSKAYA PRAVEk editorial of 5 August. Every combine
operator must know, the paper insiets that harvesting without grain-catching devices
or above the prescribed height from the ground will entail incalculable losses.
None of these regulations is said to be followed by many collective farms in
Aktyubinsk Oblast. Reference is made also to cases when the harvested grain is dumped
on the ground Which has not been prepared properly for it, and much of the grain
deteriorates before it is removed. A short report from Stavropol (5 Augurt) says that
the krai Party Committee had to call a special session to devise means of fighting
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STATI NTL
against grain losses throughout the Krai. No further inia)rmation is offered on the
point except for the remark that le addition to The "struggle against grain losses,"
something will have to be done ale: eout intensifying the harvesting tempo in
general which is till much too slow. STAVROPOLSKAYA PRAVEA (5 August) says that the
irresponsible attitude of the management toward equipment and work in general is
responsible for "the serious delays" in harvesting in a number of rayons, particularly
in Novo-Alexandrovekiy, Voroshilovsky, Dmitrievskly, Krylovskiy and Blagodarnenokiy.
That is more, the rayon Party leaders are not taking decisive action" to improve the
utilization of harvesting facilities. The paper urges the setting up of "a daily
control system" (aistema pcvsedneanogo kontrolya) whereby the performance of every
man and machine could be sepervieed.
RADYANSKA DONETSHCHINA states (7 August) that despite the decision of the Ukrainian
Communitat Party that the lane set aside for winter crops be plowed up not later than
30 days before the start of the autumn sowing campaign, a number of rayons in Stalin()
Oblast have not yet advanced beyond the initial stage of preparations. There is very
little time left before the autumn sowing, says the paper, but the leadership of
Pervomaiskiy, Yamokiy, Selidovskiy and Krasnoarmeiskiy rayons seems not to be aware
of it. Socialist competition for high-quality plowing has not been organized, the
hourly work schedule for machine operators has not been introduced and "large-scale
political work" among the farmer a is not even contemplated. Such a situation, the
paper concludes, will not be tolerated any further, and it "strongly urges" the
appropriate officials to do something without delay.
RADYANSKA UKRAINA admits (8 August) that the problem of winter crop sowing is still
awaiting solution "in the majority of ()blasts." Large-scale planting is scheduled to
begin in Chernigov, Sur, Kiev and Keerkov Chlasts within a few days but only part of
the winter crop area has been plowed up. Cnernigov, which was the first oblast in the
Republic to begin winter planting, can account for only 27% of the plowing plan.
Lagging behind in their winter plowing also are 'Cher on, Nikolayev, Odessa and "some
other" oblasts of the Ukraine. In rest of them technical unpreparedness is said to
be the chief obstacle to better progrees, but "thoughtlessness," "lack of initiative,"
and "irreaponsible attitude" and e;Jailar descriptive phraseology is repeatedly used
in the paper's criticieua
CPYRGHT
Many tractor e ere idle or work only one shift
per day. The koIkhoz draft animal. stock is not
being.utiliaed for plowing.
Radio di cu:sion of other ageicilteral activities, such as fodder procurement, cotton
picking, vegetable gathering end others is reduced to a minimum. Mention of them is
made in context or the current geein harvesting. KRIMSKAYA PRAVDA (5 August) lists
four rayons where the fodder situation is so bad as to jeopardize the progress of the
cattle industry in the coming wietea. In one of them, Krasnoperekopsk Rayon, the
haymowing plan has been fulfilled by only 16% and the silaging plan is being "carried
out most unsatisfactorily." One of the reasons for this near-chaotic situation, as
the paper terms it, is that many h ymowang machines "remain out of action" with an
indifferent management just looking on. Another is that many machine-tractor stations
"fail to carry out the terms of their agreements with the koliebeaea ...." A broadcast
from Rostov (9 August) quotes MOTOT as declaring that the stockpilingeof fodder in
the oblast leaves much to be desired. In Romanovskiy Rayon, for example, the hay-
mowing plan has been fulfilled by only 40%, and still less progress has been made in
coping with the ensilage stor ge plan--33% of the target. A "particularly bad job"
is being done :lso by Orlovskiy, Morozovskiy and several other rayons.
A report from Tashkent (8 August) speaks of the appeal made to Uzbek women by
Mnskanova, deputy chairman of the oblast Executive Committee, to speed up cotton
picking and save some of the crops Irem deteriorating in the fields. In some
districts she says, the cotton crops are "backward in development" and the situatien
is becoming alarming. Without referring to the nature of the failings, Mnskanova
appeals to the cotton farmers to "correct the mistakes which have already been allowed
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to occur." KAZAKHSTANSKAYA PRAVD A asasr4s editorial/y (9 August) that the struggle
for cotton in the southern ?blasts of the Relic has "recently slackened." Crop
maintenance in South Kazakhstan arl Dzhambul ()blasts appears to exist largely an
paper: irrigation schedules are not followed, most of the cotton plantations are
overgrown with weeds while crop-maintenance brigades are being used for other work.
The "premature drying off of the cotton crop" (prezhdevremennaya podsushka
khlopchatnika), says the paper, "threatens to inflict serious losses" to the kolkhozes
and the State.
Following are excerpts from some of the other broadcasts On agriculture, in
chronological-order, received during the period under review:
July 3O-The work of the advanced koikhozes, however, cannot hide the law rate and
bad quality of harvesting work in most of ... the oblast. This applies above all to
Tyshkivskiy, Malovyskovskiy, Dobrovelychkovskiy and Rivnyanskiy rayons (KIROVOGRAD-
SEAYA PRAVDA). -
July 31--In a number of rayons in our oblast, the practice of conducting work in.
separate tages is still persisting. In these rayons the utilization of machines ...
labor power- and other resources is very unsatisfactory (CHERNOUCRSEA KO(UNA).
August 1--In a number of places the Bolshevik struggle for the preservation of the
fruit crop does not make itself felt. The struggle against fruit pests is organized
in an unsatisfactory manner ... (KRYMSKAYA PRAVDA).
Auguat 6--as. the director t of the lagging sovkhozes must became fully conscious of
their personal responsibility for providing vegetables, and must,immediateIy correct
the existing situation (SOTSIALISTICHESKIY DONBAS).
August 6--,Some koikhozes of the Oblast have not organized properly the tobacco
harvesting campaign. One of the most serious reasons for the lag in tobacco harvest-
ing is the poor organization of labor harvesting with both hands is practically
not practiced at all (KRYKSKAYA PRAVDA).
PARTY ACTIVITIES
The Party organizations of the Western Ukrainian oblests do not show gre t enthusiasm
about training and promoting losaispsasple to posts of Party leadership, says RADYANSEA
UERAINA editorially on 30 July. Nor are they too eager to advance women to executive
positions. Such an attitude, says the paper, is frowned upon by the Central Committee
of the Ukr;inian Communist Party, which on previous occasions has emphasized the
importance of training and selecting Party and other leaders from among the local
population. Oddly enough, the paper provides no inkling of the reasons behind the
prev lent reluctance to promote local people, though it is somewhat more specific
about the reported discrimination against women:
Ukrainian version:
There are many shortcomings in the matter of
promoting local women cadres. The Party organiza-
tions are still not attaching enough Importance to
them, are not enlisting their active participation
in social and political life and are afraid to
promote them to leading positions.
Bagato nedolikiv u vysuvanni miatsevykh zhino-
chykh kadriv. Partlyny organizatsii shche malo
pratsyuyut z nymy, ne zaluchayut ikh yak slid do
aktyvnogo gromadsko-politychnogo zhyttya, boyatsya
vysuvaty na kerivni posty.
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CPYRGHT
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STATI NTL
In Drogobych Oblast alone, the editorial aeeerie, the ovesteelming majority of
officials have come from other' parts of the country, and all the local population
has produced are six Execetiee erieteittee secretaries and nine deputy chairmen. A
similar situation is noted also in Seanislav, Ternopol, Volhyn and Rovno Oblasts.
A hint th t the ideological element may have something to do with the lack of
confidence in the population of the recently-annexed areas is contained in the paper's
rebuke to overzealous local ofeiciale who ehave no desire to treat the local people
with patience" (nemayut bazhannya teapelyvo epovozytysya" s rtYmy). What the local CPYRGHT
population in effect needs is a larger dose of proper orientation:
Ukrainian version:
We must constantly raise the political and
Ideologic el level of our work with the cadres,
by training them in he spirit of flaming Soviet
patriotism, socialist internationalism and love
for the Great Ruesian people .... We must encourage
a feeling of hatred for ... Ukrainian bourgeois
nationaliete ... an irreconcilable attitude toward
Rny manifeetatione of hostile ideology.
Treba nevpynno pidnoeyty riven ideino-politychnoy
roboty z kadrmmy, vykhovuyeeby ikhv dui polumyanogo
radyanskogo patriotyzmu sotsialistychnogo inter-
natsionalizmee lubovi do velykogo roaiyskogo narodu
pryshchepluvaty kadram pochuttya nenavysti do ...
akrainskykh burzhuaenykh natsionalistiv neprymyrenne
etavlennyst do 'bud-vakikh proyaviv vorozhqy idetelogii.
More attention to local people by the Party in Lithuania is urged also in an unsigned
PRAVDA article of 5 August (not broadcast). It has been revealed at a recent session
of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Commenist Party that, just as in the
Ukraine, far too few women are promoted to responsible Party. Soviet or agricultural
posts. Nor is the local youth given a fair chance to participate in the political
and social life of the Republic. As is the cast in the Ukraine the paper counsels
moderation in the treatment of local women and youth who are said to require more
political enlightenment in view of the continued manifestations of bourgeois
nationalist tendencies. It is also pointed out that some of the Lithuanian Party
and Soviet officials themselves, as in Shaulat Oblast for example, "are showing slow
ideological development" (slabo rastut v ideinom otnoshenii). Passing reference is
made also to the "grave Shortcomings in the teaching of the basic principles of
Marxism-Leninism" (krupnie nedostatki v prepodavanii o nov Marxizma-Leniniema) in the
Republic's universities as well as in the Academy of Sciences. This theme, however,
is not pursued beyond the quotation of the vaTee assurances of one Party official that
all the mentioned shortcomings will be remedied.
The current Party election-and-reporting meetings (otchetno-vybornie sobeania) are
the subject of editorial discussion by RADYANSEA UERAINA (5 August) and PRAVDA
(II August). Violetions of intraparty democracy, a noted in certain parts of
Voihyn and Pelt va Oblasts, says RAITANSKA MAMA, will inevitably lead to the
deterioration of all other Party ectivities. The leaders who persistently ignore
the voice of the Party masses, it declares, have no place in the Soviet scheme of
things:
The incorrigible bureaucrats and haughty adminis-
trators Who have broken away from the Party masses,
who are deaf to criticism ream below and are crudely
violating the spirit of friendship and intraparty
democracy must not be allowed to hold leading posts
in Party. organizations.
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Ukrainian version:
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STATI NTL
Nepopraeni burokrety I zarozumili administratory,
yaki vidirvalys vid partiynykh mas, ne pryslukhayutaya
do krytyley seyzu, grubo porusbuyirt kolegialnist, vnutri-
partiymn. demokratiu-ene pormni buty dopushcheni do
kerivrykh partiynykh organis.
CPYRGHT
Criticism from below, says PRAVDA, ie the most effective weapon of dealing with Party
bureaucrats, the sworn enemiee of the organization. To discourage such criticism
"would be t ntamount to destroyeng the independent activity" of the Party committees.
The election-and-reporting meetings, says the paper, have revealed numerous instances
of intraparty democracy violation, on the one hand, and unwarranted Party interference
in economic affairs, on the other. Cited in this connection is the case of the Oktiabr
Rayon Party Committee (Sverdlovsk Oblaet) whose officials appear to be more interested
in running someone e e's basinese than in tending to their own Party affairs. (The
names of the officials in question are not mentioned.)
A Kuzmenko report from Zianchurinsky Rayon, Chkalov Oblast, (4 August) speaks of
complicity between local Party and other officials to suppress criticism from below
by branding any complaint against high-handed administration as "intrigues against
the leadership" (klyauzy na rukovodevo). The chairman of a collective farm in the
mentioned rayon, who had "compromised himself" during his previous tenure of off ice,
insisted on being renominated for the same post. Voted down by the majority of the
Communists at an election-and-reporting meeting, he enlisted the aid of his friend,
the first ecretary of the rayon Party Uommittee, who overruled the votes and had
him "reelected* as kolkhoe chairman. Strange as it may seem (kak ni stranno), con-
cludes the dispatch, the Chkalav Oblast Party Committee -which is well aware of the
incident His not reacting to the erode violation of intraparty democracy."
Coriect Party leaiership (praviinoye partiynoye rukovodstvo), according to Kuznetsoe's
article in PRAVDA (7 August, not broadcadt) means effective supervision and guidance
without direct interference Thi iF 3aid to apply equally to economic administration
and in the field of art ene M1191c. The Odessa Philharmonic Society is mentioned as a
case in point: lack of proper Party supervision has resulted in the deterioration of
its orchestral) choral and concert ^Lail performance. The unsatisfactory level of the
society's activities, says the author, may be explained by the fact that the Odessa
Party "has lost sight" of thin form of social endeavor. Criticism and self-criticism,
for example, which are the sine qua non of progress anywhere "are not popular" (ne v
pochete) among the Communist and non-party members of the society. Characteristic
of the relations among the varioue actors, musicians and literary critics of the
"filarmonia" are "overlooking one another's faults and whitewashing grave failures
and errors" (vzaimnoye amnistirovanie i zamazyvanie krupnykh promakhov i oshibok).
This situation, however, is net beyond repair, according to Kuznetsov; it merely
requires a more discriminate approach to the Soviet intelligentsia on the part of the
Party. Only wise Party guidance, it is pointed out, will help the society eliminate
"cheap and vulgar performances" rtizkoprobnie i poshlie proizvedenia) from its
repertory, and will make it unnecessary for the actors to indulge in "uncalled for
extemporizations" (otsebyatina).
Listed below are some of the other shortcomings in Party activities mentioned in
broadcasts during the period reviewed:
30 July--In Sevastopol, Kerch, Dehanaoy, Primorskoye and other rayons shortcomings
exist in the preparation and carrying out of eLection-and-reporting Party meetings.
(KRYMSKAYA PRAVDA)
31 July--Some Party committees and primary Party organizations are assuming functions
outside their field of activity, belonging to administrative organs ...(CHERNOVORSKA
KOMUNA).
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STATI NTL
1 August?The first secretaries of the rayon Party committees must personally
supervise the rayon preSs and watch the quality of the :a.:?-wspapers (KAZAKEISTANSKAYA.
PRAVDA.).
6 August?Certain prop gandists have not understood the importance of the study
circles of a higher type ... they have not been able to organize studies according to
the recommended works of Lenin and Stalin and the 1Short History of the Bolshevik
Party." (Skobeltsyne, in Ukrainian)
8 August?In some Party organs the leading Committee officials are not taking an
active part in the solution of important problems. Some Party leaders are trying
to avoid personal responsibility. This is a wrong attitude to take ... (NA.DNEPRYANSKA
PRAVDA).
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