INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000300020027-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 27
• Publication Date: September 2, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

STATINTL
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
CD NO.
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
USSR
INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VUIII RABILITIES
DATE OF
INFORMATION 15-28 .July 1952
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE`
DATE DIST. c& 44t" 52.-
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
NO. OF PAGES 7
SUPPLEMENT TO.
LANGUAGE-
REPORT NO.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATIONAFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN. THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT BO
U. S. C.. 31 AND 32. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
SOURCE Monitored Broadcasts
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CPW Report No. 45A--USSR
(15-28 July 1952)
CONTENTS
AGRICULTURE ...............1
PARTY ACTIVITIES ..........5
MISC.LLANEOt .............7
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FFaster harvesting, punctual grain deliveries to the State, minimum grain losses
and better utilization of machinery are the focal points of the central and regional
propagAlida,.as the unwieldy agricultural machine is getting into full production.
Much of the regional radio criticism is directed against the apparent inability or
unwillingness of-the farmers and local authorities to concentrate on more than one
aspect of.the field work at a time, Thus when harvesting has reached the desired
tempo, the grain losses are often correspondingly high, deliveries are slower or
plowing for winter wheat is behind schedule.
KIROOORAKAyA PRAVDA (15 July) says that harvesting in the Oblast was started late
to begin with, and the haphazard work now underway in a number of rayons tends to
aggr Late the situation still further. Much of the hay and perennial grasses:..already
mown has been left lying unstacked on the fields and rotting. Plowing for winter
wheat which is scheduled to be done simultaneously with the harvesting have been
grossly neglected and in some places even disregarded altogether- "Plowing has
not even been started in ... Alexandrovskiy, Vityazevskiy, Dolinskiy, Kirovograd,
Novgorodkovskiy and Ustinovskiy rayons "which have'already been harvesting grain for
a long time... The failure to plow up the planned area during this season is said
to be creating unfavorable conditions for next year's harvest, and this sort of
'using," the paper concludes, "will not be tolerated."
.A RADYANSKA LAMA .editorial (16 July) finds that the Odessa oblast railroad 'workers
are ioldi; g up the field work even more than do some of the farmers by'failing to
provide adequate facilities for transporting the grain. This failure in itself,
the paper implies, is not beyond repair but it is also revealed that a number of
freight cars earmarked for grain hauling are in a state of utter disrepair while
no nails-and other materials necessary to put them in working conditions had been
made available. Grain traffic snarls are also reported to be common on the Stalin
railroad line which services the Zaporozhye Basin area and the Southwestern railway
line-
The situation prevailing on the Odessa railroad line
in regard to preparations for grain transportation is
causing serious alarm.
Ukrainian veesion-
Stanovyshche, yake stvorylosya na Odeakiy magistrali z
pidgotovkoyu do perevozok khliba, vyklykaye seryoznu
tryvogu.
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Pu.r?su.i the theme on the next day, the same paper compares the grain =~- liveries
to the State to the first co .andm.ent (peraha zapovid) the violation oz` which is
unthinkable., Whatever the other agricultural shortcomings may.be, it is asserted,
deliveries must be made on schedule until the plan is fulfilled. Discussing the
genal progrees of the current f,iald work, the :editorial says :that in at least four
oblaste the -grain-proceeei job :has logged down and the delivery plan will be
jeopardized.if-something is not done about it at once4 In I -.il oblast, for example,
the collective; f axe a. threshing floors are swamped with grain (zavale$i zernom) which
has been lying there untouched for some time. Nor are. there any trucks av*ilable for
tra porti ito A similar situation prevails in other places o
The grain is still left on the threshing floors and
,collective farm of Nikolayev, a aporobye and Dnepropetrovsk..
oblasts a . There is evidence that the leaders of a consider-
able naa tber of collective far, and machine-tractor stations
are ignoring the mechanization of work. on the threshing .
floors.. Sheltered floors, barns, platforms and grain-drying
.cilities are not available.
idae khlib na tokakh i v kolgospakh Mykolaivekoy,
Zapori.zskoy to Dnipropetrovskoy oblasteyw Daetsya vzraaky
podek . : ignoruvanr a kerivyk:aai znacbnoy chastyny
a? cspi~ i? mwzhyano-traktornykh sta:ctsiy anizxataii
. r6b t na to .ha vidsutnist kxytykh tokiv, maydanchykiv,
er pultiv is susharok dlya prosumhuvannya zerna
A srhor r RAM-ANSMA.DONETSHOKIN& ed.Itorial (18 July) takes a slim view of grain .
harvt. ti. Arad c slivery in Stalino oblast which, in the paper-0s words., do not look.
at ell prying While in many other oblasts the grain processing tempos are fem
behind the harvesting., Stalin oblast is said to be lagging In both aspects of t
``c.u. "Far from al1 kolkhozes and sovkhozes ... have done their utmost to insure.
a high tpo of harvesting and speedy delivery of grain to-the State," Here, too,
the threshing floors - are piled with grain which. -cannot be moved on time due to
lack of mechanization facilities. Gr'ain must not be left on the threshing floors,
insists DNIRTANSKA PRAM on 18 Ji4y, for this makes losses inevitable. Such
losses are already noted in Novotroitskiy, Kalancharskiy, Sevashakiy and :kadovaiiy
rayons where the lack of transportation facilities obstructs the whole process of
harvesting and delivery woke
A broadcast from Odessa (1.7 fly), quoting CIR:NC&C 4 K NN, d.iscloaas that a
near-chaotic situation in harvesting and grain-delivery has recently come to light
quite accidentally in some rayons. A surprise visit to Shyryaevskiy rayon by a
group of rural correspondents revealed that "crops are shedding their grain, and
only four kolkhozes in the rayon are delivering grain to the State." Deliveries
are said to be ,Just- as slow and losses as high in Mostovskiy, 8avranakiy and a
number of other unnamed rayons. Conceding the inadequacy of available transporta-
tion facilities, the paper urges the use of draft animals as well as 24-hour work
days for trucks.and other vehicles. The slowness in Odessa oblast is highlighted
also by a BOL ITSKO 2N i.A editorial of 18 July. The Oblast as a whole, mays
the paper, is far behind its neighboring Izma.il, erson and Nikolayev oblasts
which are not ohining examples of speed th elves a Declaring that nothing is done
with the grain beyond harvesting it. particularly in Franzeski,y, Sbyr: raevsk :y,
Tsebrik ski? Ovideopolskiy and Veli.ko4llikhailovskly rayons, the paper suggests
that the 94conciuct" (povedinka) of those rayons ? leaders should be scrutinized
since there Is no excuse for their poor performance. The necessary harvesters and
other machines as well as manpower are available but the work is at a standstill.
Anyone and anything that obstructs speedy grain deliveries to the State, the
editorial concbdes, 0 it be removed."
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ZkWYA, VQTC announces (18 July) that the first days of the ha vent ' _. have already
revealed grave shortcomings in Georgian SSR?s agriculture. The paper?s criticism,
however, is milder than. it might be under the circumstances because, as it further
points out, harvesting is made particularly difficult by the crops "flattened by
the elements" (poleganie). A number of scientific methods are said to have been
worked out for harvesting these "flattened crops" (polegahie khleba) but "unfortunately
these advanced methods have not been included in the practice of all machine operators,'
Speedy harvesting and deliveries of grain elsewhere in the Republic are hampered by
the failure of the local Party and agricultural officials "to grasp the importance"
of mechanized work, especially the mechanization of threshing floorso
FRAVMW blanket indictment of irregularities in agricultural work (21 July) covers
a mach wider area than the one discussed by the mentioned regional papers. Asserting
that the "har vesti.xug front" (front zhatvy) is spreading farther northward from day
to day, the paper declares that the necessary mechanical and cadre preparations are
not in keeping with the growing scope of activities. Summarizing the complaints
already voiced by a number of regional papers, the editorial says that even at this
late date the repairs of combines, threshers and other implements have not been
completed; the construction of grain-drying facilities (sushilki) and sheltered
threshing floors (krytye toka) and grain-storage facilities (zernokhranilishcha)
is hopelessly behind schedule. Little more progress is noted in the preparation of
harresters and qualified cadres to man them: Much attention is called to continuing
grain losses which, in the paper?s view, rank among the gravest agricultural failings:
The machine-tractor stations of Psnza., Ivanovsk and
Astrakhan oblasts and Kazakh SSR are behind in combine
repairs o a o o In Dnepropetrovsk oblast many combines are
not equipped with loss-prevention devices Consider-
able losses of grain are incurred in Moldavia a , 0 n
Russian version:
;.s?va rua.t 0 r ontom kombainov shinno-traktornie stanteii
Penzensskoy, Ivanovskoy, As txakhanskoy oblastey, Ka.zakh.ekoy
AR o a a o V Dnepropetrovskoy oblasti mnogie kombainy
rabotaayut bez pr:taposobleniy, preduprezh- dayushchi]th
poteri oao0 Znachitelnie poteri terns dopuskayutsya na
poliak Moldavii ao0
Pressing the drive for higher grain-delivery tempos and better agricultural performance
in Odessa ob ,st in general, CHERNCMCRSKP XCUU lists inadequate mass political
education and the complete indifference to the harvester operator, "the central
figure" of the current season as the chief' sources of trouble o In its two consecu-
tive editorials (22 & 23 july5 reviewing agricultural progress to date, the paper
says that at least nine rayons are still very slow in their harvesting and deliveries
but a number of unnamed others are not much faster. In Mostovskiy, Pervomaiskiy,
Domaanivskiy?, Troitskiy and other rayons the grain-delivery schedules are said to have
been "thrown to the winds" while harvesting operations in Baltskiy, Gra.dievsskiy
and Chervono-O1 yar:~skiy rayons are "very u.nsatissfactor 0"
A MOLOT editorial of 23 July speaks of the "mountains of grain" (gory zerna) left
lying on the threshing floors unattended at a time when "every hour counts."
Since unprocessed grain cannot be delivered to the State, the whole delivery program
is being jeopardized. In Razvile; ] and other rayons, for example, grain deliveries
have been very slow from the start a Since much of the cleaning is being done by
har=d, large amounts of grain have accummulated in the collective farms and on the
threshing floors but only a small portion of the stuff finds its way to the State
delivery points.
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A summarized STAVROPOLSKAyA PRAM editorial (22 July) makes dispera.;,? - reference
to the SoMet and Party officials of Petrovskiy, Sovetakiy, IEvokuskly and
Arzgi7skiy rayons who "are paying insufficient attention to the grain-delivery
schedules "" but it does not amplify the point. A brief item broadcast from Kherson
on. 26 my says that the oblast Party committee is now taking steps to improve the
"very unsatisfactory" harvesting and delivery progress in VelikoAlexandrovsky
rayon.
Next to harvesting and deliveries, the chronic inefficiency in the handling and
maintenance of farm machinery comes in for the largest share of official attention.
Combine b;rvesters are simply standing idle while those in use are not utilized
to fall capacity, says MOVEPRfirANSIA PRAM on 15 July. KtJRSKAY. PRAVDA of the
same date significantly suggests that a little more solicitude for the welfare of
the machine operators might improve the performance of the machines themselves. It
S the duty of the Party and other local leaders "to provide normal conditions" for
the mentioned operators, says the papcsr, thereby inspiring them to better work:
The indifference to the requirements of the machine
operators, an attitude displayed by some chairmen of
kolkhozes, is utterly inadmissible.
Harvesting delays and grain losses are threatened if the "numerous organizational
and technical defects" are not eiimi..nated in short, order, declares SOPSIALISTICHESKIY
DONEAS on 20 July. These technical defects, it is pointed out, throw the combine
harvesters off the previously prepared schedules, and the result is confusion all
along the line. The paper makes no further reference to the organizational defects,
but this point s amplified by KIRGVOCk FA PRAY, on 22 July. As a result of
"administrative blundering," says the paper, many a trained combine operator
finds himself doing unskilled a`bor while the machines remain idle for lack of
qualified personnel. An unsigned MOIL article broadcast from Rostov on 25 July
admits that technical defects, poor servicing and an indifferent attitude toward
the machinery 'hiave resulted in ":ass idleness of combines." Matveyevo-Kurgansk,
Mea:hetins , Se ikarakovski.y and "some other" rayons are said to be the worst in
the o'b"last
Precious time is lost, and great grain losses are
permitted because of the inefficient use of the harvest-
ing machines and the poor organization of the work of
,the. combine units, This causes great losses to the State,
kolkhozes and kolkhozniks.
Picking up the grain-lose theme on 26 July, RAIANSKA UKRAINA says that this sort of
criminal negligence continues to plague Ukrainian agriculture. Dosses, it is pointed
out, occur during the transportation of grain, through the improper use of harvesters
and through the failure to equip the machinery with grain-catching devices. In the
forest-steppe and Polessye areas a good air harvesting machines remain idle while
"an overwhelmi ; number of them" are employed only part time. In Nikolayev, Iverson
and .Kirovograd oblasts where, like in other parts of the country, muck of the crop
has been, "flattened by the elements" nothing is being done about gathering the
stalks of wheat that remain on the fields after the combines have gone over them.
One of the major sources of grain losses, however, is late harveetingo
Experiments have shun that a 15-day delay in combine-
harvesting of winter wheat produces a 10% lose of grain
through shedding, and after 25 days such losses amount to 18%.
It can be imagined how much grain is lost by those kolkhozes
and so?vkhiozes which delay harvesting beyond the time specified
by the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Communist Party.
This threat has already become real in many rayons.
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by the Novorzhevskiy rayon Party committee affecting the activities 7 :11 its
subordinate. primary organizations. What actually happened was that only four of the
rayon's 60 organizations were informed about the mentioned decision, and took note
of it--the others never heard about its Unfortunately, Tarasov points out,
Iovorzhevskiy rayon is not the only one in the oblast" where this type of bureau-
cracy has per zaeated all Party affairs.
lntrapar ay democracy, says SEVERNAYA PRAVDA quoting Stalin (l8 July), means greater
f'reedc for the Party masses and "develops in them a feeling" of being masters
of the Party. The recent "report and election meetings" (otchetno-vybornie sobrania)
have revealed, however, that to a number of local Party committees and officials
intraparty democracy is no more than an abstract theory. Attempts are still being
made to hush up unfavorable criticism at Party gatherings, and the meetings them-
selves are said to be characterized by he familiar "low political and ideological
level. "
The following significant statement, without amplification, is contained in KCbtfJNISTT
editorial broadcast from Tbilisi in Russian on 25 Julys
At the present time the Georgian. Communist Party is
correcting the mistakes permitted by the previous'Prty
leaders, and carrying out a considerable amount of work
to implement the instructions of the Central Committee
of the All-Union Communist Party o , e
The above statent is qualified by the paper's concluding remark that although
"ser?icsae deficiencies" in Party work are still being revealed throughout the Republic,
the Communists are criticizing them "with Bolshevik frankness" at the current report-
ing and election meetings. A short dispatch from, Tbilisi of 26 July speaks of the
"serious shortcomings" in the Tbilisi oblast Komsomol education network brought to
light in a speech by Katyaehvili who proposed a number of (unspecified) measures to
cope with the situation.
lntrapari Democ: a.cy ' Honored in the Br?eachi That nepotism, corrupt practices and
other intraparty irre lar Mies are not exclusively regional phenomena but are also
observable HIM= itself, the well-spring of Communist activities' is seen in a
long unsigned PRATMA article of 18 July (not broadcast). A recent plenary session
of the Moscow city Party Committee is said to have disclosed a liberal sprinkling
of ua investige:ted. (neproverennie), unworthy (nedossoynie) and casual (sluchainie)
people among the citfs Communist officials, including its 7,000 primary Party
secretaries. 7. .ck of Party control has produced rampant nepotism in the city's
industrial and other establishments -hose officials
select their personnel on the basis of family and other-
wise friendly relations, surround themselves with servile
flatterers and "their own kind" of people o...
Russ ian ver?s on.-
podbirayut kadry po semeinym, i priyatelakim otno-
sheniem.., okruzbayut sebya pod -halimsm.i, "avoimi" ludmi o O .
That this practice often leads to, besides suppression of criticism, is indicated
in the case of eKal.ibr" plannt?, one of Moscow's largest. Having hired a large
number of relatives and personal friends, the director and his deputy were able to
"pad the accounts" (zanimatsya pripiskami), cheat the State and publicize non-
existent achievements at the same time. This is said to have been made possible
by "creating an atmosphere of mutual whitewashing and stage-managed clamor about
the plant's non-existent successes" (ides byla aozdana obstanovka I ugovoy
poruki, paradnoy shumikhi po povodu mnimykh uspekhov zavoda).
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Discussing violations of intraparty d ocracy (vnutripartiynaya de ao; ~^a':i.a), PRAVDA
(25 July) points to the Drogobych oblast Party Committee as a glaring ---ample of
un-Bolshevik behavior. That organization not only pays little attention to its
subordinate rayon and city Committees but also fails to rely on its own. "aktiv"
(active membership) which is itself a grave violation of Party rules:
We still have quite a few Party officials who try to
exercis their leadership with the aid of a narrow circle
of people; they have little contact with rank-and-file
Comnaanists or the Party a.ktiv.
Russian version;
U s eshche nemalo tak'.ikh par.tiynikh rabotnikov, kotorie
PYtaYutsya rukovodit pri pomoshchi uzkogo kruga lyudey;
oni. MAID obshchayatsya s kc aaunisstami, partiynym, akt,ivom.
Dr^ogo`bych oblast is believed to have too many officials that fit the above descrip-
tion, bat such individuals may also be found in many other places, the paper says.
The Bobruisk and Aktyubia k (Kazakh SSR) city committees, for example, appear to
believe that aktivs are to be kept f"for parade purposes and the solemn approval of
decisions" (dlya parada i formalno-torzhestvennogo odobrenia reshenly) on which they
had not been consulted.
K'1RtW0MW-,Kk PRAVDP (26 July) warns the oblast Party propagandists against "weaken-
ing their Political work" among the masses, especially in the rural areas. These
ag`itatora do not always link their talks with the problem on hand, that is greater
prodq.cti-on, thereby defeating the purpose of political enlightenment. Moreover,
their so-called lectures are said to betray an appalling ignorance of current affairs.
Such pis the situation in Alexandriysskiy, pobrovelychkovakiy, Znamenaskiy, Novomirgorod-
skiy and a number of other rayons. Marry of the "serious shortcomings" in the oblast
Party work could be avoided if "the most worthy and authoritative" Communists were
elected to run the primary Party organizations, declares SEVERNA!A PRAIA on.26 July.
Recent Party meetings have disclosed that many of these secretaries are too inexperi-
enced,, incompetent or both. Such officials, it is pointed out, make all but
.impossible "'the absolute observance of intraparty democracy." No further details
are offered on this point, however.
A short item broadcast from Odessa on 26 July states tersely that the Veliko-Fontana,
Zaliz ch y and Ostapovskiy rural councils (selsovety), all under the Jurisdiction
of the Odessa city council, were liquidated by a decree of the Presidium of the
Ukrainian .pr e Council dated 17 July 1952.
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