INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000300020025-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 25
• Publication Date: August 16, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

CLASSIFICATION FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO,
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCROLOGICAL VULNE.RARITITIES
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT 50
U. S. C., Si AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN-ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO?
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM 19 PROHIBITED.
SOURCE Mordtored Broadcasts
DATE OF
INFORMATION 8-21 July 1952
DATE DIST. 16 /x#1-1
NO. OF PAGES S ~P
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CPV Report No, 4 USSR
8-21 July 1952
CONTENTS
INDUSTRY
IDEOLOGICAL A"AIRS
MISCELLANEOUS
FOR OFFICIAL USE. ONLY
STATE
ARMY
CLASSIFICATION
DISTRIBUTION
11-
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City planning and building is the subject of a talk by architect Zakher^v (8 July) who
speaks in familiar superlative terms of the growing construction tempos in the USSR
and the increasing output of building materials. A Naidenov article carried by PRAVDA
on the same day (not broadcast), on the other hand, is somewhat less enthusiastic about
civilian construction--at least in Smolensk oblast. The acute shortage (ostraya
nekhvatka) of a number of building materials, he says, must be admitted and remedied
as soon as possible because under the present circumstances" normal work is impossible?
(nevozmozhen normalniy khod re.bot). The USSR and RSFSR Ministries of the building
materials industry, it is revealed, have been busy erecting brick, tile and ceramics
plants in Smolensk oblast "during the past several years" (v techenie neskolkikh let)
but the construction has not yet been completed. Ironically enough, these same
Ministries are called upon to provide the building materials required for the
contruotion of the mentioned plants, and they are behind in that aspect of the plan too.
Even the plants that have been in production for some time are not operating at
full capacity. The Smolensk plant No. 3, for example, was built to produce 30 million
bricks annually but its highest output so far has been only 17 million. There is a
shortage of drying kilns (sushilnie sarai), continues Naidenov, and although these are
easy to build the "clumsiness" (nepovorotlivost) of the plant directors mars the process
inordinately difficult. Tice production of building materials in the oblast as a whole is
said to be very slow and "one sided" (odnoeto onneye). The manufacture of hollow
bricks, ceramic blocks, clay tile and a variety of other materials has not even
been- terted although they have been talldng about it since 1947.
:^ st ~ prized SCTSI.ALISTYCI3NA KHARKIVSI } (NA says that the commendable performance of
i.r:dividual plants "cannot hide" the serious shortcomings of the oblast light industry.
`Mo paper does not expatiate on the mentioned shortcomings but advocates punishment
for those who pc?raist in producing faulty goods and "who obviate the Soviet cyatem of
geal.ity and assortment of output " A pledge made during socialist competition,
rays "i. A editorially on 9 July, is not worth the paper it is written on unless it
is followed by fulfillment. This obviously is the case with the Azerbaijan oil workers
who, it is claimeds o are long on promises and short on performance : "The Azneft oil trust
is not living tip to the obligations assumed in the competition." Still worse is the
situation in the Sverdlovsk industry-. its output in May was far behind the planned
figures. These failings, the paper says, are made possible by the "bureaucratic
perversions" (buro.1;Taticheskie izvrashchenia) and "thought-out enterprises" (nr dumar>aie
zatel) in thn organization of socialist competition. Listed among such harmful
practices are
the turning over of State and kolkhoz property to
'individual workers and collective farmers. e.for so-
called socialist safeguarding, the institution
of 'public inspectors' on the railroads, and the
w-s.rrning of technical control over the quality of output...
b;,y replacing it with "self control.
Russian version:
peredacha otdelnym rabochim i kolkhoznikam...
po[P,Vlarstvennogo i kolkhoznogo imushchestva na tak
nap,yva.-mmuyu "sotsialisticheskuvu sokhrannost", sozda-
nie Instituta "obshchestvennylda reviorov" na zhelez-
n*kh dorogakh, oslablenie tekhnicheskogo kontrolya za
kach,R;stvom produktsii...pod markoy vvedenia "samokontrolya."
Discussing the never-ending drive for higher production quality, SEVERNAYA PRAVDA
(11 July) says that elementary technological rules are still being violated in the
Kostroma.oblast industry because industrial management does not seem to attach due
importance to the "honor of the factory trademark" (chest fabrichnoy marki). Low
quality and defective goods, it is asserted, are still produced by the local metal-
working plants, texA1e enterprises and the Kostroma Building Trust.
LASSIFIED:
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That atakhanovites are not always popular with the average industrial workers for
understandable reasons, has been implicitly admitted on several occasions beforeo If a
certain number of stakhdnovitea establish a 'new above-average. daily out over a period
of time the eel quota Is' then called a "progressive norm" progreesivnaya norm) and the
rest of the workers are subsequently required to make it their daily target.
Camouflaged resistance "to that type of speed-vp on . the part of both workers and
management has been reported in the past from scattered sources. PRAVDA;. (15 July)
implies that "the same situation exists at the major construction `projects of Molotov
oblast when it says that. "the economic directors do not create for the eta anovitee
all the necessary conditions for highly efficient work." ' Just how this is dome may
also - be' inferred from the paper?a further reference to the work itself. Since
stakhanovitee usually* excel ` in : the use of `machinery they are not always given the
opportunity to do ` sso a such of the excavation work is carried out manually ale the
available earth-digging machines are left idle for long :periods of time. Disparaging
comment is made also oa'the bureaucratic efforts of the Kalinin oblast authorities to
introduce "progressive building machinery8,, improve the workerso-living conditions and
achieve an increase in production efficiency,, All these efforts, the paper sayss9 are
expressed in the` passage of n erous paper resolutions but "unfortunately, not one of
these resolution's has as yet been implemented."
I broadcast from lCishinev of 16 July says -that the Moldavian SSR's building materials
industry has not achieved either one of its two targets-greater "output and higher
quality:.` No further details are offered beyond a quotation from the recent decision of
the Central Committee of .the Moldavian Communist par+7 ,
The Central - Directorate of the b gilding materials
industry does"'hot fulfill, as it should, the task of
assuring asanteted flow of good quality build-
Ing materials to the construction pro jects4
Quality is still ' ' a vulnerable point in the production oaf certain Odessa oblast.e industries,
according to CEERNO DRSKA KOMUNA (1? July) The Internal Technical Control department,
it says, is a permanent institution in Soviet industry and should .be given more
'attention thaui it has been. The attempted replacement of these departments with the
so-called,self-control system, as noted in a num'per of plants, is. frowned upon by the
authorities as a violation of the teeebnological regulations It merely 'leads to a
deterioration of the'quality of production which is precisely the duty of the technical
e ttrol departments to prevents The paper also emphasises that improvement in quality
must not work to the detriment of any other phase of production, such as quantity or
ass ssortment
--.even now some enterprises are not fulfilling the
main task of further improving the `qualitative
index of production 'frith-s zu1taneous fulfillment of
-the"plan for the production of specified item
carious Aspects of Mining ` Ianduatr 1 Criticized l RADYANSKA DONBTSfHINA (8 July) says
that the "specialist" turned out by the mining colleges and other. educational
'**tablie m3ents "have a scanty knowledge" of modern equipment and machinery and advanced
mechanization methods. Some of the mining colleges, it appears, are still suffering from
the chronic shortage of qualified inatructors, - on the` one hand, and insufficient
equipment for training' purposes, on the other., A report from Stalino of 12 July quotes
SbTSIAI,ISTICHSII' DONBAS as saying that despite the great successes achieved by the
Donets Basin miners, "the prewar level of productivity ...has not yet been ful.fill.ed
The paper is also said to bemoan the' lax labor discipline in many mines, untidiness,
irresponsible attitude toward work and violations of technological ruules. The cyclic
work schedules are yet to be introduced in a number. of mines, and the training of
'specialists is far too inadequatez "Iin spite of the` increased number of epeaislists,
many sectors are headed by people possessing only limited 'experience'"
VORL SRILOVGBADSK iYA PRAVDA (8 July) co plains that a number of coal combines, trusts and
mines still lack "an efficient labor program" :required to achieve the naximm
mechanization and autematizatio n" of all production processes. This inadequate labor
program is also to be responmsible for the fact that the new technical equipment "is
still not being utilized satisfactorily."
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A report from Alma Ata (19 July) quotes some of the criticised leveled at the Zyryanovaek
Ore Mine Administration (Zyryanoveko , Redo-Upravlenie) by KAZAKK3IANSKAYA PRAVDA.
The reluctance to introduce new techni6al equipment and the unskilled ue lization of the
available modern mining equipment is due, the paper avers., to the "conservative
attitude" of the management. The same may be said about the Leninogorek Ore Mines
where. equipment "is not properly used.," Inadequate use of mining machinery, it is
conceded, is only half of the trouble, as'at certain enterprises they prefer not to use
it at all.
It is time to stop the harmful practice of some
enterprises which let-many machine tools and other
equipment remain idle . or simply remain at warehouses...
A long K1imez o article carried by RADYAt.SKA UKRAINA on 19. July (not broadcast) recalls
an oldriethcd of *ork, long since condemned everywhere, which is still resorted to in
Voroshilovgrad oblast coal mini-pg. Although the production targets were in the main
achieved, the methods of achieving them were' not in keeping with the officially-
encouraged system of "rhythmic ' operations ." ; The "Voroshilovgrad-ugol" and "Donbasantratsit"
coal trust' tie largest in the oblast, are said to'have lagged behin2 production plans
for a long tivot and then tried to make up for lost time by "an eleventh hour all-out
attempt" Shtu aivshchyna, literally fits and jerks). This system of operation,
Klimenko continues' must be changed. The most it can produce is average figures which
are not always indicative of the actual state of production: "The management which
inadequately organizes the mineral work often . hides behind average figures" (kerivniki,
Yaki? poganb orgaanizuyut "praatsyu shakhtariv, chasto prykhovuyutsya za serednimy
teyframy) .
SEVERNAYA PRAVDA (19 July) wants to know why the letters-to-the-editor from the ra k-
and -file *orhars criticizing production and other shortcomings are persistently ignored
by the local press. The newspapers, Party and other officials of Koetroma,
.k ryevskiy e othe ^ rayons are said to be constantly violating their "sacred duty"
(svyaatoy,dalg) of. pays: attention to workers' complaints. In a sarcastic reference
to these same officials, the paper wonders whether they have valid reasons for
disregarding the workers' letters since they are meant
to unmask false people, embezzlers of State
Bands and property, violators of the agricultural
artel statute, those preventing criticism and
bureaucrats.
IDEOLt1GICAL AFFAIRS
Ukrainian sciencemmparticulaarly experimental biology, physiology and patho-
physiology--is, according to Acad. Bykov (8 July), unusually slow in adopting Pavlov's
theory as its guiding principle despite the decision to this effect reached two years
ago at the joint session of the All-Union Academies of Sciences and Medical ciences.
The failure _s particularly conspici.ous at the two largest Ukrainian scientific-
research bodies, the Institute of Clinical Physiology of the Ukrainian AeadevW of
Sciences- and the Experimental Biology Institute of the Public Health Ministry. It is
asserted-that a number of noted scientists, among them Prof. Vorontsov, "have not yet
completely changed their wrong views" (shche y doss ne zvilnyvsyaa povnistyu vid svoikh
khibnykh poglyadiv) on Pavlov' a theory. The ideological underpinnings of this theory
are reemphasized by Bykov in his reference to the treatment meted out to scientist
Orbeli, Beritaashvili and others who had had the audacity to defend their anti-Pavlov
concepts; that is "the reactionary foreign idealistic 'theory' (reaktslyny zarubizhni
idealistychni teorii). Hater can Pavlovas teaching be integrated in everyday practice,
the Academidian continues' when most of the Ukrainian physicians, for example, are
not even familiar with its'
It would be' wrong to affirm that in the Ukraine
'there are no scientists a9and physicians who are fami-
liar with Pavlov's theory,.,.No.? Such workers there
are but, unfortunately., they are still an exception.
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,LZ
W ainian ' vereiono
Bolo b nepra'sfylno tverdyty, - shcho na Wfra?
i:ni nemae k lektyviv nauko vyla. pratsi tkiv, .
1ikauiv, yaki znayeat voheRnnya Pavlova tr . of i a Taki
kolektyvy e9 ale doai vony, na zhal, etanovlyat
vtok
The fact must be faced, it in pointed out,, that the mentioned branches of science in
the Ukraine are stir not, up `to their task. And no ,dei?, for "even now practically
none of Pavlov's works -is being pnbllthed in the Ukraine in the Ukrainian lang., a"`
(Adzhe dosi na Ukraini a i he not erydaval oa a prate' Pavlova ukrainskoyu movoys). The
structure and scientific base of 'both Inetitutee, D:vkov concludes, must be "completely
revised" (po .ietyu pereglyamuty) so that the wrong, 'dews maintained in the field of
pathb-physiology may be co ected and science placed on a firmer foundation.
A pointed reminder that ' ainian. shoe production and literature are still below official
expectations is contained in 'Sp .lch ? a article published by RADYAI SKA UKRAVIA. on 9 July
(not broadcast). Ukrainian piny ighte, .,aye the author., have not produced a single
significant play while in: the current output_ :of the Ukrainian writers there is very
little : if air attention devoted-to the "Stalin friendship of the Soviet peoples"
(:Stalineka drushba radyanski h narodiv). The only works recently produced on that
topic- olovanevsky's poem "I"ii Neighbors" and Pewomaissly's "Contemporary ballads" -are
said to be "weak from an ideological and artistic viewpoint" (elabki v ideinuu i
khudozbnw,, u vidnoaher ) . Spi.lchu -also calls attention to the necessity, of
intensifying the struggle against ?the familiar manifestations of Ukrainian bourgeois
nationalism and cosasopolitaniamg which is one of the foremost duties of all men of
lette~se - -
A short''repo t from Alma-Ata (in Russian, 13 July) reveals that Kazakh. Literate a and
textbooks for the eight, ninth and tenth grades as well as Kazakh-language textbook
for see orda achoole are being completely revised and published anew, There is no
further amplifidati6n of this point, however. A broadcast from Kiev on 15 July quotes
R DYAt KA .. TINA as declaring that the ideological level of political lectures for the
population and propaganda in general is "intolerably lo W' in a .number of oblastss,
particularly in S my and Lvov. In K:a nets-Podolak, Stanislav and Kherso n. oblactae the
Party Committees appear to be able to recruit the necessary number of students for
political schools. It often happen,, also, the paper says, that many of the available
students bored by the poor lecturing,, are "Just drifting array" from the schools.
The ideological aspect of Marxist-Leninist studies in Nikolayev oblast is disused by
RMENNA PRAVDA (16 July),,' The level of those' studies in it number of unnamed m one
ie: definitely low, says the editorial, because there is insufficient concentration`
tau. the "implacable struggle against nifestations of bourgeoise ideology." A t 'oadcast
frt Kiev dated 18 July tells of the Republican conference" of book publishing bureaus
and polygraphic enterprises of the Ukraine held on 15-16 July. The only item or, the
conference agenda, it is reported, was "the raising of the ideological and artistic
leegel "of Ukrainian publications but no further details are given beyond the rentark
that? the mistakes in Ukrainian cl.aasic "literats "were subjected to strong criticism."
A summarized report from Tashkent (21 July) sage that the Party organisation of that city
held a conference on 2C July to discuss methods of "raising the "level. of ideological work
among, t} masses .11
An article by Laudies published in PRAVDA *D"16 July-calls for more and better qualified
Mati-enal cadre., .which,- he says, are nova needed in view of the recent changes in the
administrati emterritortal division of : Lithuag ian. SSR. This: republic, it is revealed,
is now devido d into - oblastc and rayons, like the rest of the USSR, instead of the
prerevolutionary " zd&BB: Referring to ,.the shortage of trained personnel, Laudie admits
that the turnover` Gamer ya os't) -- in the. nu ber of executive personnel, particularly in
it eipeda oblast, is -still far-"'t = great -f9r,:;efficient work. That this republic needs, he
continues, is better selection traiai.vg and distribution of native.personnele It is
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aleo' revealed, in this connection, that of the executive workers placed in various
Party, trade union, Ko of and other c genizat one in the ~~
p9aat tga ,years "the over-
whelming majority are Li?thur,: ane ? (Preobladayuchob.eye bolsh.:instvc i 'r- 1i tovtay) .
The author does not mntion whether the-, other offsicia]s Ave Great ItuaYeia re or of different
nationaalities. Dior is there, any reference to any adrtirictra.tive-,,e ri orial chaiages in
the other Baltic republics' which aieu coneieted of "uyezdc."
That, it is not all quiet on' the I a,? thuan lau ideological front may be inferred from Laudis ?
reference to the continuing struggle.. along, those lines in - Ifleipeda obl.ast.. He says,
for instance, that the dicspatch of re than 50 Communists from the rayon to the
rural centers
made it possible to increase the number of
Party ?ga .zationc_ in the kol kh.o ,ee .. .
in`PenSIfy the fight against the surviving
private-property `tendencies among the collective farmers
and against baak,-i2idimg, to bourgeois nationalism.
Auasa isn v'ercicno
:I to poOviji.a,lo uvelichit CUBIC parts inillth
organiza teiy v kol.lsi ozRkh, o .usilit borbu protiv
cha t2taeo'be-tve:ani.cheakik:b perezhitkov v eo =ii
kdlltho ii.kov, protiv reteidi vov burzhuaznogo xaatsi-
o ali sta.
MiscellaaM ug: What a Soviet individual in, or should be, is outlined in a LT`l _
? GAZETA editorial discuss-i of tT collective body and. the individual.
The e viet , says the pas aers & ; e n o tl in ofof himself as a be g outside the
;ollective bedy . aia ce a sc)1j Y ereonality is intrinsically alien to the very
nature of the Soviet: soolal anti State system. Literally from the very first days
,of lifts the ecli? o vial poi, s out. the Soviet eaan Is brought up and trained to work
in a cel.ieetive environa,n:te .hut this collective itself, too, it is implied, has
no personality of its e because it is a part of the "multitude of collective
bprli ssa, Bch
t
th
o i
"
n
o
g
e making of a single
lithiilitoi
monoc socas scety"
__ a . a A
S onolitno4e cotsj
aljetjchesk
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