INTERDEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNAL DEFENSE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 26, 2000
• Sequence Number: 6
• Content Type: STATEMENT

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I NTE R DE PA R TMElV TA L
SENdI1V
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNAL DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Document No.
Review of this document by CIA has
CIA has no abjection to declass ^^'
interest that w ist remain MARCH 11 - APRIL 12, 1963
classified of TS S 0
Authorityt HR 79.2
DO$ 29 +9 ri Reviewer 725
At the FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE
Washington, D.C.
State Dept. declassification & release instructions on file
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For Official Use Only
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
LECTURE AND QUESTION PERIODS. Lectures are allocated one hour and ten
minutes. Lecturers are requested to speak for not more than fifty
minutes, allowing the rest of the period for questions and discussion.
Seminar members should rise and identify themselves by name and agency
when asking questions.
DISCUSSION PERIODS. Each country team chairman will ascertain in advance
which of his team members wish to consult with scheduled speakers after
their lectures. If a substantial number of seminar members so indicate,
an effort will be made to arrange for a discussion period with the
lecturers.
SEATING. Seminar members will be seated in the auditorium by country
teams. Seat numbers will be indicated on Country Team Assignment sheets.
ATTENDANCE. Seminar members are expected to be on time for lectures and
remain throughout the period. A warning bell will be sounded three
minutes before the lecture period begins. Those who are unavoidably late
may listen to the lecture in room 114 which is equipped with speakers.
Country team chairmen will report on the attendance of members of
their teams, both for lectures and other scheduled country team activi-
ties. The country team attendance sheet submitted by the team chairman
is the basic "time and. attendance" record; it is used to support the
certification of attendance for payroll purposes.
A seminar member who finds it necessary to be absent from any
scheduled activity must secure the written approval of his agency's
faculty representative and the course coordinator. Forms for requesting
permission to be absent are available in the library.
CLASSIFICATION. All lectures will be privileged except for those given
by non-governmental speakers which do not discuss United States policy
and operations from classified sources. All question and answer periods
will be classified. Classification of lectures given by United States
officials will be posted to and including TOP SECRET.
THE COUNTRY TEAM PROCESS. Seminar members are divided into country teams
throughout the course to enable them to concentrate on problems of the
area to which they are assigned. Afternoon sessions are generally
reserved for the country team exercise. Each team, as it works on its
problem, will find that it needs additional information or new inter-
pretations of data. The faculty adviser will assist the team to obtain
briefings or opportunities for informal discussion with appropriate
officers of any government agency or with resource personnel outside of
government. Such additional arrangements are at the option of each
country team.
READING ASSIGNMENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. The pages immediately following
these notes list titles of the required general reading for all members
of the seminar. Additional required reading is listed separately for
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a: ;,ss:~r s of each of the four area subdivisions of the seminar. For each of
;;,1c :Lectures listed in this curriculum there is included both a brief
,;.:OBE and a REQUIRED READING LIST. These readings deal with the specific
topic of the lecture or panel. Additional bibliographical materials will
he distributed separately. For research or bibliographical assistance,
)'Lease consult Mr. Bernard, room 131, extension 3734.
k;DZO-VISUAL. A list of available films will be supplied. These have
3:n.c' z lected for their pertinence to areas or problems of concern to the
r.r, Country teams or other groups may request showing of films
~5..sting to their interests.
Lecturers and country teams are invited to employ in their presen-
r.ations the excellent audio-visual facilities available. Maps, charts,
end pictures of all kinds can be projected; projections can be keyed to
uhc presentations if desired. Mr. Nadler, room 111, extension 5507, is
available for consultation on audio-visual matters.
If Country Teams require audio-visual materials for their presen-
tations, they should notify Mr. Ezelle, room 101, extension 5613, at
least one week before the materials are to be used.
L'ACULTY from the participating agencies are available; to assist the
Country Teams in their discussions and preparation of their reports.
They should be consulted by teams or individual seminar members who
require assistance either with a problem relating to any of the agencies,
or to the specialized field of knowledge of the faculty member. The
special fields of the faculty members are listed in page 8 of this
schedule.
CI 1TIQUE PANELS. For each of the presentations made by country teams on
the last two days of the seminar, a special panel of auditors will be
invited. The panels will consist, if possible, of a member of the Sub-
committee on Training of the Special Group and. representatives of the
participating agencies who have special. competence or interest in the
substance of the presentations.
The Interdepartmental Faculty will also attend the presentations.
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REQUIRED GENERAL READING
Development
Galbraith, John Kenneth: Economic Development in Perspective. 5 lectures.
Cambridge,(Mass.): Harvard Univ. Press, 1962. 76 pp.
Millikan, Max F., and Donald L.M. Blackmer, eds.: The Emerging. Nations.
Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1961. 168 pp.
Rostow, Walt W.: The Stages of Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1960. 179 pp.
Crozier, Brian: The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections.
Boston: Beacon Press, 1960. 256 pp.
Heilbrunn, Otto: Partisan Warfare. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1962.
199 pp.
Mao Tse-tung. Mao Tse-tung on Guerrilla Warfare. Tr. of Yu Chi Chan by
Samuel B. Griffith. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961. 114 pp.
Paret, Peter, and John W. Shy: Guerrillas in the 1960s. New York:
Frederick A. Prager, 1962. 82 pp.
Interdepartmental Terminology Committee: "Glossary of Counterinsurgency
Terms." May 17, 1962. 4 pp.
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REQUIRED GENERAL READING: AFRICA
American Assembly: The United States and Africa. New York:
Columbia Univ. Press, 1958. 252 pp.
Moran, J.W., et al: African Development. Menlo Park (Calif.):
Stanford Research Institute, 1961.
Southall, Aidan, ed: Social Change in Modern Africa. London, etc.:
Oxford Univ. Press, 1961. 337 pp.
Internal Defense
Special Operations Research Office, American University: Special Warfare
Area Handbook for Ghana. Washington: U.S. GPO, 1962. 533 pp.
---"---: Special Warfare Area Handbook for Guinea. Washington: U.S. GPO,
1961. 534 pp.
---" --: Special Warfare Area Handbook for Nigeria. Washington:
U.S. GPO, 1961. 571 pp.
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REQUIRED GENERAL READING: LATIN AMERICA
Development
Adams, Richard W., et al: Social Chancre in Latin America Today: Its
Implications for United States Policy. New York: Harper and Bros.,
1960. 353 pp.
Hanke, Lewis: South America. Princeton (N.J.): D. Van Nostrand Press,
1.959. 192 pp.
--"-- : Mexico and the Caribbean. Princeton (N.J.): D Van Nostrand
Press, 1959. 192 pp.
Guevara, "Che" (Ernesto): Che Guevara on Guerrilla Warfare. Tr. and
condensed from LaGuerra de Guerrillas. New York: Monthly Review Press,
1961. 127 pp.
Draper, Theodore: Castro's Revolution. New York: Frederick A. Praeger,
1962. 211 pp.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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REQUIRED GENERAL READING: MIDDLE EAST
Development
Fisher, Sydney N.: Social Forces in the Middle East. Ithaca (N.Y.):
Cornell Univ. Press, 1955.
Hurewitz, J.C.: Middle East Dilemma. New York: Harper and Bros., 1953.
273 pp.
Kirk, George: Contemporary Arab Politics. New York: Frederick A. Praege4
1961. 231 pp.
Campbell, John C.: Defense of the Middle East. Rev. ed. New York:
Frederick A. Praeger, 1960. 400 pp.
Laqueur, Walter Z.: Communism and Nationalism in the Middle East.
2d ed. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1957. 375 pp.
Vatikiotis, P.J.: The Egyptian Army in Politics. Bloomington (Ind.):
Indiana Univ. Press, 1961. 300 pp.
REQUIRED GENERAL READING: SOUTH ASIA
General:
Nehru, Jawaharlal: Toward Freedom: The Autobiography of Jawaharlal Nehru.
New York: John Day Co., 1941. 445 pp.
Weiner, Myron: "The Politics of South Asia," in Gabriel Almond and
James Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas, 1960, pp. 153-246.
Chakravart, P.C.: India's China Policy. Bloomington (Ind.): Indiana Univ.
Press, 1962. 180 pp.
Kuhn, Delia and Ferninand: Borderlands. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.
335 pp.
Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller: Communism in India.
Berkeley (Calif.): Univ. of California Press, 1960. 603 pp.
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REQUIRED GENERAL READING: SOUTHEAST ASIA
Development
Butwell, Richard: Southeast Asia Today -- and Tomorrow A Political
.Analysis, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961. 182 pp.
Pye, Lucian W.: Politics, Personality and Nation Building.
New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1962. 307 pp.
Internal Defense
Giap, Vo Nguyen: People's War People's Armv. Hanoi: Foreign Languages
Publishing House, 1961. 217 pp.
Pye, Lucian W.: Guerrilla Communism in Malaya. Princeton (N.J.):
Princeton Univ. Press, 1956. 369 pp.
Tanham, George K.: Communist Revolutionar Warfare: the Viet Minh_in
Indo-China. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961. 163 pp.
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PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNAL DEFENSE
Interdepartmental Faculty and Staff
Room Telephone
Coordinator - Niles W. Bond
Faculty
Department of State -
124
3476
John W. Henderson
(Southeast Asia Area Specialist)
117
4854
Gordon H. Mattison
(Near East and South Asia Area Specialist)
102
5972
Richard H. Sanger
(African Area Specialist)
109
6307
John L. Topping
(Latin America Area Specialist)
Department of Defense -
Colonel
Charles W. Hostler, USAF
113
4919
943
Colonel
Allan L. Leonard, Jr., USA
124
3
71
Captain
Lee B. Blocker, USN
102
59
4923
Stanley
Archenhold, Department of The Army
113
United States Information,Agency -
S. I. Nadler
(Audio-Visual Adviser and Course Evaluations)
Agency for International Development -
William J. Mazzocco
(Economic Development Specialist)
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Staff
Room
Telephone
Special Assistant to the Coordinator -
Walter F. Cronin
Adviser on Research -
110
6136
Jules E. Bernard
Staff Assistants -
131
3734
Robert E. Ezelle
101
5613
David S. McConnell
101
5613
Eleanor Idol
120
4509
Carol M. Owens
Avis Lynch
120
4509
117
5579
Virginia M. Plotne
r
117
4854
Janice Hosmer
124
3943
Sandra Carlson
102 '
5971
Mavaureen Zeilor,
Receptionist
100
3444
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Normal Daily Schedule
Interdepartmental Country Team Seminar
Problems of Development and Internal Defense
The Country Team Seminar facilities may be used by participants at
any time. The area is open, under security guard, at all times. The
classified documents of the library will be available from 8:00 A.M. to
6:00 P.M. on week-days and on Saturdays by request (see Information Sheet).
8:00 A.M.
9:00-9:50
9:50-10:10
10:30-11:20
11:20-11:40
11:40-12:30 P.M.
12:30-1:30
1:30
Library facilities open
Lecture
Question Period
Lecture
Question Period
Individual Reading Period
Lunch
Unless other activity is scheduled,
Country Teams convene in their respective
rooms, adjourning as desired for reading
and research.
On some afternoons lectures are scheduled, with question periods,
1:30-2:40 P.M. On such afternoons the Country Teams convene at 3:00 P.M.
instead of at 1:30 P.M.
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Problems of Development and Internal Defense
Objectives
To familiarize key civilian and military officers assigned to the
developing countries, especially those where insurgency is active or in-
cipient, with United States policy, doctrine, and capabilities applicable
to the prevention and defeat of inimical subversion and subversive in-
surgency, through an examination of:
Political, economic, social, and psychological factors which produce
dissidence and insurgency inimical to United States interests; the nature
of the external and internal threat; the broad strategic concepts involved
in modernization and internal defense; the availability and use of United
States resources in support of local governmental efforts to prevent or
defeat subversive insurgency; the operational doctrine and techniques for
the application and integration of these resources at the Country Team
level on the basis of a common understanding of United States purpose and
the limitations on United States capabilities.
The participants will study the origins of insurgency as well as
available techniques to defeat subversive insurgency; will learn as much
as possible of the unique and indispensable contributions which all oper-
ational arms of United States policy can bring to bear at the Country Team
level in preventing and defeating insurgency inimical to United States
interests; will study as Country Team components to encourage the develop-
ment of a spirit of cooperation and understanding which will assure the
maximum integration and effectiveness of the United States effort abroad;
will examine American AID and military assistance-(including training)
programs in order to gain a better understanding of their effectiveness;
will analyze methods by which United States resources can assist local
governments to increase their acceptability among the "critical sectors"
(students, youth, elites, intelligentsia) and strengthen the social
cohesion of the people through programs designed to close the critical
gaps between urban centers, the government and the countryside (civic
action, community development, agrarian reform); will focus on methods of
identifying and encouraging the "innovators" and entrepreneurs within
developing states;and will probe the difficulties of inducing traditional
establishments through a mix.of military and other assistance and advice
(1) to move in the direction of effective internal defense structures based
on military, paramilitary and police forces, and (2) to undertake programs
designed to enhance the identification of the populace with the consti-
tuted government.
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Pattern and Flow of the Interdepartmental Country Team Seminar
Problems of Development and Internal Defense
I Problems of Development of a Political, Economic
and Societal Nature which Produce Dissidence and
Insurgency Inimical to United States Interest.
Stage One: Stage Two:
Short of Violence Violent Insurgency
III.Country Team Application of U.S. Resources to:
Stage one problems of Stage Two problems of
Development and Internal Development and of
Defense Short of Violence; Violent Insurgency;
Case examples cited. Case examples cited.
Application of the analyses of weeks one
through three to selected case and country
studies in the four major areas of the under-
developed world under study; presentations by'
competent experts to show how U.S. resources
have been or are being used in both Stage One
and Stage Two situations.
Each Country Team will examine and discuss a country internal defense plan appropriate to the
region under study by that team, with a view toward preparing or making a critique of a plan or part of
a plan to cope with a current vital problem facing the United States Government. The written plan or
critique, or part of such a plan, will be presented orally to the Seminar for discussion and will be
made available in written form to the appropriate officers in the participating departments and agencies,
for their information and possible evaluation, and to the Special Group (CI).
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FIFTH SESSION
FIRST WEEK
Co-Chairmen: Captain Lee B. Blocker, USN (Defense)
John L. Topping (State)
Monday
Mar 11
8:45-9:15 A.M. Registration
George A. Morgan,
Director,
Foreign Service Institute.
Niles W. Bond,
Coordinator,
Interdepartmental Seminar.
A statement of the basic purposes of the course; a
discussion of the Schedule; a statement of the theme
which will be emphasized.
10:30-11:00 The Involvement of United States Interest, Prestige
and Security in the Underdeveloped World (S)
The Honorable Dean Rusk,
Secretary of State. (On Film)
11:15-12:30 P.M. U.S. Overseas Internal Defense Policy; Mobilization
and Coordination of U.S. Resources in Washington in
Countering Stage I and Stage II Insurgency (S)
The Honorable U. Alexis Johnson,
Deputy Under Secretary of State.
Scope: Discussion of the contributions of the various
agencies of the Government to the effort to counter
insurgency at various levels of intensity. The Special
Group (CI). The strength and weakness of the coordi-
nation process.
*Following the title of each lecture is a symbol designating the security
classification of the lecture, such as "OUO" for "Official Use Only,
etc. Notes on SECRET lectures should be handled as SECRET documents. No
notes should be made on lectures designated TOP SECRET.
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Monday
Mar 11
2:00-4:30 P.M. Organization of Country Teams.
Assignment of classified reading in U.S. Overseas
Internal Defense Policy and other documents relative
to the capabilities of the U.S. Government to carry
out the national overseas; effort. It is essential
that the reading be accomplished promptly for the
discussions on Thursday and Friday of this week.
(See Classified Reading List)
Team
Room
Team
Room
I
121
V
125
II
122
VI
126
III
123
VII
127
IV
130
VIII
128
Study. Members of the Seminar may use either the
Library or their country team rooms for reading. TOP
SECRET documents, however, must be read in the library.
Tuesday
Mar 12
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar Library open for individual read-
ing.
9:00-10:10 Communist Goals, Organization and Strategy in the
Underdeveloped World (S)
Scope: A discussion of Communist theory and strategy
for the underdeveloped world, illustrated by reference
to events in Africa, Latin America and Asia. The
differences, in ideology, organization and technique of
Chinese and Russian operations in underdeveloped
countries. Specific campaigns against critical sectors
- youth, labor and countryside. Exploitation of
nationalist dissidence.
Required Reading: C.B. Marshall, ed., Two Communist
Manifestoes, 1961.
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15 -
Mar 12
10-3'6-11:40 A.M? Communism in Southeast Asia (OUO)
Kenneth P. Landon (State)
Scope: A historical and analytical review of
communist policy and practice in a critical area from
1920 to the present.
Required Reading: J.H. Brimmel.l, Communism in Southeast
Asia, 1959, pp. 1-3, 71-115.
1:30-2:40 P.M. Transition from Traditional to Modern Societies;
Exchanging Security for Opportunity (OUO)
Allen Holmberg (Cornell University)
Scope: Characteristics of traditional societies.
Decline in tribal or feudal organization of political
and economic power in modern times. Political charac-
teristics of developing societies. Changing role of
religion and other forms of social control. Emergence
of new political and economic elites.
Required Reading: Everett E. Hagen, "A Framework for
Analyzing Political and Economic Change," in Brookings
Institution, Development of the Emerging Countries,
1962, pp. 1-38.
3:00--4:00 P.M. Seminar members will meet with representatives of their
respective agencies ?or .departments as follows:
Room
Department of State 123
Department of Defense 122
Agency for International Development 121
United States Information Agency 119
4:00 Country Teams convene.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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Wednesday
Mar 13
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
9:00-10:10 Strategic Considerations and the Counterinsurgency
Effort (S)
Scope: An over-all review of the national counter-
insurgency effort and an exposition of how this fits
within strategic considerations. An examination of the
tasks assigned under appropriate directives and how
these are being implemented by appropriate elements of
the Department of Defense. A discussion of the need
for a framework of law, order and security within which
to accomplish the social, economic, and political
reforms which are essential for the transition of under-
developed countries into stable, viable entities. A
summary look at the major Department of Defense
programs as they relate to the phases of violence out-
lined in the overseas Internal Defense Policy to provide
an integrated view of the presentations of later
Defense speakers.
Required Reading: See Classified Reading List in
Library.
Scope: The fundamental characteristics of politics in
modernizing states: political tensions and disruptions
resulting from a decline in the effectiveness of
traditional methods of organizing political power;
inadequacies of communication and understanding between
government and critical sectors of the population; the
political obstacles to effective administration; and
the potential and limitations of nationalism as a basis
for building a national consensus and policy.
Required Reading: Lucian Pye, The Non-Western
Political Process," Journal of Politics XX, 3.
August,1958.*
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Wednesday
Mar 13
1:30 P.M.
Country Teams convene. Each team will adjourn for
individual reading at the option of its members when
it has completed the day's discussion.
Thursday
Mar 14
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
9:00-10:10 A.M. Psychological and Social Effects of Change (OUO)
Scope: The effects of change upon the attitudes of the
people in underdeveloped societies, the peasantry in
particular; the causes of the resentment felt by lower
economic and social groups in the city and the country-
side and the potential for communist exploitation of
anti-Americanism, radical nationalism, and neutralism;
the new perception by disaffected groups of their power
to influence their own destinies; the operational
significance of these factors for United States policy.
Required Reading: Millikan and Blackmer, eds.,
The Emerging Nations, 1961, pp. 4-42.
10:30-12:30 P.M. Case Study of Stage II Situation Involving Problems
of Development and Violence - Cuba (S)
John L. Topping (State)
Scope: Brief historical survey of the postwar period.
Economic, social and political conditions. Official
United States reaction to the Batista regime. Origins
of Castroism. Its success and lessons to be learned
from it.
Required Reading: Theodore Draper, Castro's Revolution,
1963, pp. 3-172.
Friday
Mar 15
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar Library open for individual read-
ing.
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Friday
Mar 1
9:00-10:10 A.M.
Education and Human Resources in Development (OUO)
Scope: Balancing training opportunities and manpower
requirements in development. Risks of surplus trained
manpower. Impact of education on social and political
values and attitudes. Appropriate methods and levels
of training. Economic and social costs of education.
Required Reading: Millikan and Blackmer, op-cit.,
pp. 93-104; Edward Shils, "Political Development in the
New States," reprint from comparative Studies in
Society and History, 2. (April 1960) 3. 265-292 and
(July 1960) 4. 397-411.*
10:30-11:40 USIA Resources for Motivating Critical Societal and
Political Groups Such as Youth and Labor in Stage I
and Stage II Situations (C)
Scope: The adaptation of the classic USIA program to
development diplomacy and counterinsurgency. The shift
in emphasis from reflecting America's ideas and ideals
to strengthening the leadership of a modernizing
society especially in its relationship with the
"critical sectors" of that society. USIA's role in
"political communications"; propaganda programs
designed to motivate specific audience groups to action
or reaction favorable to the leadership and resistant
to insurgency forces inimical to United States
interests.
Required Reading: Examine typical country plans in
Country Team Seminar Library.
Country Teams convene to discuss NSAMs 56, 119, 131,
177, 182, and other classified reading.
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FIFTH SESSION
SECOND WEEK
Co-Chairmen: Stanley Archenhold (Defense)
S. I. Nadler (USIA)
Monday
Mar 18
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
9:00-10:10 The Economic Requirements for Development (OUO)
Scope: Preconditions for economic growth.
Complementary increases in productivity in industry
and agriculture. Need for creative innovation:
limits on importation of Western techniques. Roles
of private and public sectors; role of government.
Inducements for saving, raising exports and limiting
imports. Foreign exchange problems. A case study
with special reference to Japan.
Required reading: Warren Hunsberger, "Japan, Asian
Westernism" in Vera M. Dean, ed., The Nature of the
Non-Western World, pp. 113-131, Benjamin Higgins,
Economic Development, 1959, pp. 3-24; Millikan and
Blackmer, off. Sit., pp. 43-67.
10:30-11:40 U.S. Economic Aid as a Political Instrument (S)
William J. Mazzocco (AID)
Scope: Are U.S. economic aid objectives in the
underdeveloped countries compatible with U.S.
political objectives? Conditions under which aid does
not promote economic growth, and instances in which
economic growth does not guarantee political develop-
ment of internal stability. Some examples of
communist tactics related to thwarting Western aid
objectives.
Required Reading: Max F. Millikan, "New and Old
Criteria for Aid," reprinted from Proceedings of the
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Monday
Mar 18
10:30-11:40
Academy of Political Science, 27. (Jan. 1962)
2. 28-40;* George Hakim, ed., Measures for the
Economic Development of Underdeveloped Countries,
1951, pp. 13-61.
1:30-2:40 Communist Appeals and Instruments for Affecting
Development (C)
Scope: Prototype of the individual in a moderniz-
ing society who is susceptible to communist
appeals. Communist techniques for exploitation
of the desire for modernization and of the process
of modernization: themes; instruments; selection
of key target groups, such as trade unions, dissi-
dent and underprivileged peasants, youth and
students, women. Role of violence in communist
strategy.
Required Reading: Morris Watnick, "The Appeal
of Communism to the Underdeveloped Peoples,"
reprint from Hoselitz, ed., The Progress of
Underdeveloped Areas, 1952, pp. 152-174.*
Tuesday
Mar 19
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Library open for individual reading.
9:00-10:10 Communist Subversive Insurgency Using Techniques
Short of Violence (S)
Roger Hilsman (State)
Scope: Opportunities presented by disorders in
emerging political systems. Communist appeals
to social groups. Techniques of acquiring power
without violence. Exploitation of stresses with-
in the society. American resources for under-
standing and assisting peaceful change.
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Tuesd
Mar 19
9:00-10:10 A.M. Required Reading: Samuel Huntington, Instability
at the Non-Strategic Level of Conflict, 1961.
10:30-11:40 Country Study of Stage I Situation Involving
Problem of Development and Insurgency Short of
Violence - Vietnam, 1954-1959 (S)
Scope: Factors making for instability--political,
social, economic. Communist efforts to infiltrate
social groups, to control political offices, to
cause dissatisfaction in the Army, police force
and other key sectors. Indigenous efforts to
prevent subversion. U.S. efforts, if any, to
assist local programs or develop independent
programs. Evaluation of success.
Required Reading: Bernard B. Fall, Street
Without Joy, 1961, 9-55, 280-310.
Wednesday
Mar 20
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Library open for individual reading.
9:00-10:10 AID Capabilities and Limitations in Applying U.S.
Resources to Promote Development (S)
David E. Bell (AID)
Scope: The strategy underlying the new program-
ming process of the P.gency for International
Development for dealing with the sources of
instability and the threats to internal defense
associated with economic advance in developing
societies; the emphasis on long-term and economic
reforms as a basis for developing an anti-
subversive dynamism in the changing economic
environment; and pre-empting of Soviet bloc
projects when desirable.
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- 22 -
Wednesday
Mar 20
9:00-10:10 Required Reading: AID? An Act for International
Development, 1961, 18-99.
10:30-12:30 P.M. The Role of the Police (S)
Byron Engle (AID)
Scope: Discussion of the civilian police
organizations and their role in promoting and
maintaining internal, stability. Paramilitary
and security forces. Maintaining control with-
out excessive force.. The rationale of AID
police assistance programs. Current NSAM
directives covering police assistance and
internal defense.
Thursday
Mar 21
8:00-9:00
Scope: An analysis of how to achieve a balanced
mix of the indigenous military, paramilitary and
security forces required to control and defeat
insurgency; the proper role and division of
internal defense functions between the military and
police (in the generic sense of including para-
military units within civil police organizations
and paramilitary forces such as Gendarmerie,
Constabularies and Civil Guards); maintaining
control without the use of excessive force; the
magnitude, scope and limitations of U.S. programs;
the development of a community of interest be-
tween the local government, military and police.
Required Reading: See Classified List in Library.
Country Teams convene; area police experts will
be available for discussion on the role of the
police in development.
Country Team Library open for individual reading.
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rhursd.Ay
Mar 21.
9.00-?10:30 A.M. The CIA Role in Countering Insurgency (S)
Scope: Discussion of the mission and capabilities
of CIA in support of the U.S. program in counter-
insurgency.
Required Reading: See Classified Reading List.
10:45-11:15 Question Period.
11:30-12:40 P?M. Development Diplomacy (S)
W. W. Rostow (State)
Scope: An examination of distinctions between
traditional diplomacy and "development" diplomacy
and between intervention in the internal affairs
of states and cooperative involvement in internal
problems of modernization and internal defense;
an appraisal of the central role of development
diplomacy and the coordination of U.S. resources
at the Country Team level in anticipating or
preventing and defeating subversive insurgency;
the role of the Ambassador, Department of State
and Foreign Service in preparing and implementing
strategic studies and country internal defense
plans; and an analysis of the limitations of
development diplomacy.
Required Reading: Chester Bowles, "Toward a New
Diplomacy," reprint from Foreign Affairs, 40.
(Jan. 1962) 2. 244-251;* Vera M. Dean, "Retooling
for the Future," in The Nature of the Non-Western
World, 1961. pp. 212-253.
FridaZ
Mar 22
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Library open for individual reading.
* Distributed to Seminar Members for their retention.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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- 24 -
Friday
Mar 22
9:00-10:30 A.M. Potential Leadership Groups (OUO)
Scope: Identification of the various competing
elites and assessment of their strength and
weakness in furthering non-communist national
development, with particular reference to the
administrators, the politicians, and such key
emerging power groupings as the intellectuals,
the students and youth groups, and the trade
unions; the appeals of communism to those groups.
Required Reading: Millikan and Blackmer, 22. cit.,
pp. 115-159. See also classified documents on
Youth and Labor.
10:30-12:00 Noon The Role of the Indigenous Military-in
Modernizing Societies (OUOY
Scope: The reasons for the prominence of the
military and their potential for advancing or
disrupting modernization; techniques for
maximizing the positive role of the indigenous
military in nation-building and the useful
functions U.S. military aid can perform; the
benefits and disadvantages from the U.S. policy
standpoint of the establishment of military
rule in many underdeveloped countries.
Required Reading: John J. Johnson, ed.,
The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped
Countries, 1962, pp. 7-90.
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- 25 -
FIFTH SESSION
THIRD WEEK
Co-Chairmen: Col. Charles W. Hostler, USAF (Defense)
William J. Mazzocco (AID)
gi~y
Mar 25
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
9:00-10:10 Limitations and Requirements of Force in Countering
Ynsur eng1 (S)
Maj. Gen. Victor H. Krulak, USMC (JCS)
Scope: A conceptual exposition of the U.S. general
strategy and tactics of using force in counter-
insurgency; the tailoring and integration of forces
designed for counterinsurgency operations (i.e., Army
Special Forces, Air Force Commando Units, Navy Seal
Units); problems related to effective counter-
guerrilla warfare, uses of air power through strike,
reconnaissance and airlift; psychological aspects and
by-products of military operations; requirement for
effective joint operations and tools to accomplish them;
need for military understanding of political ramifi-
cations of force; need for mobility and the logistic
problems related thereto; on-the-job combat training;
the important distinction between what the U.S. does
and the operational role of the indigenous forces
(emphasizing that the U.S. is not operationally
committed).
Required Reading: Franklin Lindsay: "Unconventional
Warfare," reprint from Foreign Affairs, 40 (Jan. 1962)
2. pp. 264-274*; Roger Hilsman: "Internal War, The New
Communist Tactic," in Osanka: Modern Guerrilla Warfare,
1962', pp. 452-463; W.W. Rostow: "Countering Guerrilla
Warfare," ibid., pp. 464-471.
*Distributed to Seminar Members for their retention.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Mono day
Mar 25
10:30-11:40 A.M. Training and Employment of Local Military Forces for
Countering Insurgency (S)
Brig. Gen. Adriel Williams, USAF (Defense)
Scope: The methods of developing balanced indigenous
military forces without. undue drains on local resources;
the limitations of local forces in certain situations;
the problem of motivation in internal war; the develop-
ment of national pride and a desire on the part of the
military to achieve the cooperation of and rapport with
the population; area and ethnic considerations; the
U.S. role in furthering those purposes (with examples)
and the limitations on the use of the U.S. forces in
internal wars.
Required Reading: Otto Heilbrunn: Partisan warfare,
1962, pp. 111-133.
11:40-12:30 P.M. Individual Study.
Tuesday
Mar 26
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Library open for individual reading.
9:00-10:10 A.M. The Potential of Military Assistance in Helping New
Governments Maintain Viability (S)
Gen. Robert J. Wood, USA (Defense)
Scope: A pragmatic analysis of how U.S. Military
Assistance helps to achieve adequate military and
security forces to prevent and defeat incipient and
active subversive insurgency; the way the U.S. role
supports the local effort through training, technical
assistance, and equipment; the problems and techniques
of influencing assisted governments and military
establishments to attain a properly balanced use of
their assets; methods of overcoming traditional pre-
occupation with external aggression; reorienting
planning, training, and unit dispositions toward
achieving adequate security against both internal and
external threats; impressing the indigenous military
and paramilitary that insurgencies are wars for people,
not for terrain; minimizing the likelihood of direct
U.S. military involvement in internal wars by
maximizing indigenous capabilities.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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 Approved For Release 2002/p 4 iRl-~j- OIRY03527AOOO3OO1OOOO6-6
Tuesday
Mar. 26
9:00-10:10 A.M.
Required Reading: Composite Report, President's
Committee to Study the United States Military
Assistance Program, 1959.
10:30-11:40 Community Development Programs (OUO)
Gabriel L. Kaplan (Community Development
Counselling Service)
Scope: A description of community development
programs. Their relationship to nation-building and
internal defense. Experience of AID and predecessor
agencies in designing and implementing community
development projects. The political by-products of
successful programs.
Required Reading: IV, Political Implications of
Community, Development, 1962, pp. 1-42.*
11:40-12:30 P.M. Individual Study.
*Distributed to Seminar Members for their retention.
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Tuesday
Mar 26
1:30 P.M.
Wednesday
Mar 27
8:00-9:00 A.M.
28 -
Country Teams convene.
Country Team Library open for individual reading.
Re~aarch and Development for Counterinsurgency (S)
Captain Lee B. Blocker, USN (Defense)
Scope: Research and Development activity being planned
and conducted by the U.S. and its allies for the
requirements of counterinsurgency. The agencies,
facilities (i.e., Vietnam and Thailand as counter-
insurgency laboratories) and magnitude of effort
involved in developing material to improve: mobility,
intelligence systems, firepower, tactical command and
control, logistics and operations research to include
analytic studies, data collection; political, social,
or economic systems which impinge on military systems,
and historical studies relating to counterinsurgency
operations.
Required Reading: Agile, pp. 1-8, 81-124; Draft SORO
R&D Work Program, FY 19113-64.
Communications Media (OUO)
10:30-11:00 S.I. Nadler (USIA)
11:00-11:30 Gerald Winfield (AID)
Scope: Selection: Operational priorities, target
audiences, accessibility, other determining factors.
Utilization: Direct vs indirect; combinations;
frequency; tailoring of content; supplementary
exploitation for extra mileage. Evaluation of effective-
ness; methods; application of findings. Intelligence
potential.
Required Reading: See appropriate Country Plans in
classified library.
11:45-12:00 Noon Question Period for both presentations.
Country Teams convene.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Thursday
Mar 28
8:00-9:00 A.M.
Country Team Seminar library open for individual
reading.
9:00-10:10 The Role of the Unified Commander (S)
Vice Admiral Herbert D. Riley, USN
(Director, Joint Staff)
Scope: Origin and purpose of the Unified Command
system. National and international planning and
operational functions of the Commander-in-Chief of a
Unified Command, to include specific tasks assigned
with respect to counterinsurgency.
Required Reading: Joint Chiefs of Staff, Unified Action
Armed Forces (UNAAF), JCS Pub. 2, November 1959,
pp. 37-49, 110-110.2 of Change 3 (at back of the
volume)
10:30-11:40 Civic Action Programs (S)
Maj. Gen. William B. Rosson, USA
(Defense)
Scope: To explain the civic action possibilities,
techniques and limitations of encouraging use of mili-
tary forces on nation-building projects useful to the
populace at all levels in such fields as training,
public works, agriculture, transportation, communi-
cations, health, and sanitation; the inter-related
role of DOD, AID and USIA in this process; the
coordination of civic action with economic and military
assistance, political reform, community development,
police and education training, etc.; the magnitude of
current and future programs; changes in procedures and
support more effectively to integrate AID and DOD
programs, and examples of specific programs in which
integrated. effort is being effected or is contemplated.
Required Reading: E.H.G. Dobby: "Resettlement
Transforms Malaya," reprint from Economic Development
and Cultural Change, 1. (Oct. 1952) 3. pp. 163-189*,
Edward G. Lansdale: "Outline of a Civil Assistance
Program," reprint from U.S. Military Academy, Readings
in Counterinsurgency, 1962, pp. 139-148.*
*Distributed to Seminar Members for their retention.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Thursday
Mar 28
11:45-12:30 P.M. Agency Capabilities in Civic Action
Panel: Colonel Robert H. Slover, USA (Defense)
USIA Representative
AID Representative
Friday
Mar 29
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Seminar :Library open for individual
reading.
U .S. Overseas Internal Defense Policy: Operation of a
Country Team in Coordinating the Use of U.S. Resources
in the Field (S)
Scope: The coordination process in the field
illustrated by the experience of two Ambassadors.
Required Reading: Ellwood M. Rabenold, .Jr., 'The
Country Team as an Instrument for Political Influence',
MS. Washington, 1961.
Room
Teams 1-4 Ambassador Timberlake 121
Teams 5-8 Ambassador Henry A. Byroade 122
11:30-12:30 P.M. Individual Study.
1:30 Country Teams convene.
7:00-9:00 Reception, Jefferson Room, Department of State.
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31 -
FIFTH SESSION
FOURTH WEEK
Co-Chairmen: Col. Allan L. Leonard, USA (Defense)
Gordon H. Mattison (State
Monday
Air 1 Department of Defense Demonstration Trip
Fort Bragg, North Carolina (Tentative)
Tuesday
?
8:00-9:00 A.M. Country Team Library open for individual reading.
9:00-10:10 Case Study of Stage II Situation Involving
ALL
Room 108
Problems of Development and Violence-Vietnam (S)
Required Reading: Department of State, A Threat
to the Peace, 1961, Part I.
10:30-11:20 South Africa and Regional Tensions (S)
AFRICA
Room 119 Waldemar Campbell (State)
Required Reading: Colin Legum, Pan Africanism,
1962, pp. 92-131.
10:30-11:20 Brazil - A Country Study (S)
LATIN AMERICA
Room 122 Ronald Schneider (State)
Required Reading: Charles Wagley, "The Brazilian
Revolution," in Richard Adams, ed., Social Changes
in Latin America Today, 1960, pp. 177-230.
10:30-11:20 Roundtable on Regional Tensions in the Near East (S)
NEAR EAST AND
SOUTH ASIA
Room 123 James Grant State
William King USIA
William Gaud AID
Brig. Gen. Stephen Fuqua, Jr. Defense
CIA Participant
Required Reading: Dankwart Rustow: "The
Politics of the Near East," in Almond and
Coleman, 2p. cit., pp. 369-454.
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 Approved For Release,?PQgf,/2&kC,*Ll~DP78-03527A000300100006-6
Tuesday
Apr 2
10:30-11:20
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Room 121
1:30 P.M.
ALL
Indonesia - A Country Study (S)
John Henderson (State)
Required Reading: Willard Hanna, Bung Karno's
Indonesia, 1961, reports 1-10, 24,25.
French Experience in Countering Insurgency in
Indo-China (U)
Wednesday
Apr 3
8:00-9:00 A.M.
9:00-9:50
ALL
Room 108
10:30-11:20
AFRICA
Room 119
10:30-11:20
LATIN AMERICA
Room 122
Required Reading: Ellen Hammer, The Struggle for
Indo-China, 1954, pp. vii-xiv, 175-324.
Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
Introduction to Major Problems of Africa (S)
The Honorable G. Mennen Williams (State)
(Tentative)
Required Reading: James Coleman: "The Politics
of Sub-Saharan Africa," in Almond and Coleman,
op.cit., pp. 247-368.
Communist Objectives and Tactics in Africa (S)
Required Reading: Walter Laqueur, Communism and
Nationalism in Tropical Africa, reprint from
Foreign Affairs, 39. (July 1961) 4. 610-621.*
Communist Objectives and Tactics in South
America (S)
Required Reading: Robert Alexander: Communism
in Latin America, 1957, pp. 1-90.
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- 33 -
Wednesday
Apr 3
10:30-11:20 A.M.
NEAR EAST AND
SOUTH ASIA
Room 123
10:30-11:20
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Room 121
Thursday
Apr 4
8:00-9:00 A.M.
9:00-10:10
ALL
Room 108
Communist Objectives and Tactics in Near East (U)
Stanley Archenhold (Defense)
Required Reading: Walter Laqueur: The Soviet
Union and the Middle East, 1960, pp. 76-110,
334-358.
Communist Ob;ectivesand Tactics in Southeast
Asia (S)
Required Reading: J. H. Brimmell: o2.cit,
pp. 125-150, 271-278, 391-401.
Open time to make travel and administrative
arrangements,
Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading,
x. in. Southeast Asia ??? U.S. Relations
The Honorable W. Averell Harriman (State)
(Tentative)
Required Reading: Oliver Clubb: The United States
and the Sino-Soviet Bloc in Southeast Asia, 1962,
pp. 1-46.
10:30-11:20 A.M. Problems of Promoting Modernization and Social
AFRICA Change Without Violence (S)
Room 119
Required Reading: G. Mennen Williams, "Aids and
Obstacles to Political Strategy in Mid-Africa,
Annals, 2p.cit., 342 (July 1962) 1-8.
10:30-11:20 Patterns of Revolution and Change in Latin
LATIN AMERICA America (S)
Room 122
Juan L. Gorrell (State) (Tentative)
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
Thursday
Apr 4
10:30-11:20 A.M.
LATIN AMERICA
Room 122
10:30-11:20
NEAR EAST AND
SOUTH ASIA
Room 127-
10:30-11:20
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Room 121
Required Reading: "Latin America"s Nationalist
Revolutions," Annals, o2.cit., 334 (March 1951)
1-19.
Communist Objectives and Tactics in South Asia (S)
Required Reading: Overstreet and Windmiller:
Communism in India? 1959, pp. 3-6, 101-121,
528-551.
U. S. Response to the Communist Challenge in
Southeast Asia (S)
Friday
Apr 5
8:00-9:00 A.M.
9:00-10:10
ALL
Room 108
10:30-11:20
AFRICA
Room 119
Required Reading: Oliver Clubb, The United
States and the Sino-Soviet Bloc in Southeast
Asia, 1962, pp. 47-145.
Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
The Near East and South Asia - Major Problems (S)
The Honorable Phillips Talbot (State)
(Tentative)
Required Reading: John Campbell: Defense of the
Middle East, 1960, pp. 161-246, 310-368.
Algeria - A Case Study (S)
Peter Hooper (State)
Required Reading: Nevill Barbour, ed., A Survey
of Northwest Africa, 1962, pp. 201-256.
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- 35 -
Friday
Apr 5
10:30-11:20 A.M. U.S. Military Objectives and Programs in Latin
LATIN AMERICA America (S)
Room 122
Required Reading: Edwin Lieuwen, Arms and
Politics in Latin America, 1961, pp. 175-262.
10:30-11:20 Stages in Revolutionary Development in the Near
NEAR EAST AND East (S)
SOUTH ASIA
Room 123 Harold W. Glidden (State)
Required Reading: John Campbell, op.cit.,
pp? 247-309.
10:30-11:20
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Room 121
Burma - A Case Study (S)
Required Reading: Lucian Pye, Politics,
Personality, and Nation Building, 1962, pp.
59-117, 295-301.
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- 36 -
FIFTH SESSION
FIFTH WEEK
Co-Chairmen: John W. Henderson (State)
Richard S. Sanger (State)
Monday
Apr 8
8:00-9:00 A.M.
Country Team Library open for individual reading.
9:00-10:10 The Philippines, :1950-53, A Discussion Period (S)
ALL
10:30-11:20
AFRICA
Room 119
10:30-11:20
LATIN AMERICA
Room 122
10:30-11:20
NEAR EAST AND
SOUTH ASIA
Room 123
10:30-11:20
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Room 121
Maj. Gen. Edward G. Lansdale, USAF (Defense)
Required Reading: Lecture, Sept. 25, 1962, by
General Lansdale. (In Library)
Guinea - A Country Study (S)
Alan Logan (State)
Required Reading: David Apter, The Gold Coast in
Transition, 1955, pp. 3-79.
The Alliance for :Progress (S)
Required Reading: Organization of American States
(OAS) ...., "The Alliance for Progress: Its First
Year 1961/62," pp. 1-120.
How to Win an Election in India (S)
Andrew J. Kauffman, II (State)
Cambodia - A Case Study (S)
William T. Trimble (State)
Required Reading: J. H. Brimmell, op.cit.,
pp. 150-153, 169-175, 294-305.
Country Teams Convene.
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Monday
Apr 8
1:30 P.M.
Tuesday
Apr 9
8:00-9:00 A.M.
9:00-10:10
ALL
Room. 108
10:30-11:20
AFRICA
Room 119
10:30-11:20
LATIN AMERICA
Room 122
37
Country Teams convene.
Country Team library open for individual reading.
Ma7orProblems in U.S.-Latin American Relations (S)
The Honorable Edwin M. Martin (State)(Tentative)
Required Reading: Tannenbaum, Frank, Ten Keys to Latin
America, Knopf & Co., pp. 173-200;
or
Berle, Adolf A., Jr., Latin America Di mace and
Reality Harper & Row for the Council on Foreign
Relations, 1962, pp. 3-30; 75-139.
The onq A Countr study (s)
Required Reading: Ruth Slade, The Belgian Congo,
1962, pp. 1-17, 39-82.
~rastx.r xscyW_Situa dons in Certain Latin American
John Topping (State)
Required Reading: U.S. Congress, House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, Report No. 70, "Special Study Mission
to Latin America," 1962, pp. 1-47.
10:30-11:20 Irate -AvCauntry study (S)
NEAR EAST AND
SOUTH ASIA Roger Davies (State)
Room 123
Required Reading: Majid Khadduri, Independent Iract,
1960.
10:30-11:20 A.M. Thailand
A Coup
tzgr 5tuc (S)
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Room 121 Edward E. Masters (State)
Required Reading: J.H. Brimmell, 22..cit.,
pp. 153-1.55, 240-245, 344-354.
2:00 P.M. Open Time to make travel and administrative arrange-
ments,
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
 Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Wednesday
Apr 10
8:00-9:00 A.M.
10:00-10:40
10:40-11:00
11:30-12:10 P.M.
12:10-12:30
2:00-2:40
2:40-3:00
Thursday
Apr 11
8:00-9:00 A.M.
9:00-9:40
9:40-10:00
10:30-11:10
11:10-11:30
2:00-2:40 P.M.
2:40-3:00
Friday
Apr 12
9:00-9:40 A.M.
9:40-10:00
10:30-11:10
11:10-11:30
Country Team Seminar Library open for individual
reading.
Course Summary
Niles W. Bond,
Coordinator,
Interdepartmental Seminar.
Country Team
Questions by
Country Team
Questions by
Country Team
Questions by
Country Team
reading.
Country Team
Questions by
Country Team
Questions by
Country Team
Questions by
Presentation - Team I
Panel and Students
Presentation - Team II
Panel and Students
Presentation - Team III
Panel and Students
Seminar Library open for individual
Presentation - Team IV
Panel and Students
Presentation - Team V
Panel and Students
Presentation - Team VI
Panel and Students
Country Team Presentation - Team VII
Questions by Panel and Students
Country Team Presentation - Team VIII
Questions by Panel and Students
Graduation Address
General Maxwell D. Taylor,
Chairman,
The Joint Chiefs of Staff.
George A. Morgan,
Director,
The Foreign Service Institute.
Approved For Release 2002/01/28 : CIA-RDP78-03527A000300100006-6