USSR MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000400010003-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 9, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: August 12, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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USSR MATERIALS AND
MATERIALS PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT
Number 24 12 August 1960
DOe REV DATED a BY =" 3 i
ORIG COMP OPI =? TT?E~
GRID CLASS 1 _ PAGES d REV CUSS AL')-
JUST - NEXT REV ___ AUTHi HR 70-2
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E St., N. W., Washington 25, D. C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
foreign-language publications as indicated? It is produced and
disseminated as an aid to United States Government research.
USSR MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents
I. Chemical Industry
Plant Construction and Operation Bottlenecks
Page
1.
Kursk Lavsan Plant 1
Daugavpils Synthetic Fiber Plant 2
Lisichansk Chemical Combine 3
Dneprodzerzhinsk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant 4
Kuybyshev Synthetic Rubber Plant 4
Chirchik Electrochemical Combine 5
Petrochemicals
Rubber
Synthetic Fibers
Plastics
Fertilizers
Sodium Sulfate
Furfural
Ammonia
Cellulose
Chemical Equipment
Compressors and Pumps
Gas Equipment
II. Petroleum and Gas Industries
Production
Oil Field Operations
Gas Prospecting
Pipelines
Refining
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7
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10
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13
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16
L7
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III. Coal Industry
Mines
Coal Preparation
Mining Equipment
IV. Ferrous Metallurgy
Ore Mining
Concentration
Blast Furnaces
Open-Hearth Furnaces
Rolling Mills
Iron and Ste6l Production
Coke
Metallurgical Equipment
V. Nonferrous Metallurgy
Copper
Aluminum
Cobalt
Power Metallurgy
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I. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Plant Construction and Operation Bottlenecks
Kursk Lavsan Plant
DESIGN ERRORS FRUSTRATE PLANT BUILDERS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 15 Apr 60
The first USSR lavsan plant is being built in Kursk. It is planned
to put the plant into operation in three stages. The first stage, which
will produce staple fiber, is scheduled to begin production in the second
quarter of 1960. The second stage, producing silk and cord yarn, is to
begin production in the first quarter of 1961. The third stage will be-
come operational in 1962. Output of anid, a miracle fiber with character-
istics similar to those of lavsan, will also begin in 1962.
An experimental production facility will create technological processes
for the new enterprise. The best ways of operating equipment will be selected
in its shops, and workers will be trained there.
But there is now a good deal of anxiety about this "plant in miniature";
the schedule for putting it into operation is not being maintained. Some
blame the builders; the builders blame the planning organizations, which
are the State Institute for the Planning of Synthetic Fiber Industry Enter-
prises (Giproiv) and the State Planning Institute for the Construction
Industry (Promstroyproyekt). The truth is that builders and designers
must share the blame.
For example, Giproiv incorrectly positioned some machines and equip-
ment in its design of the staple finishing shop. Since this became apparent
only after the machines and equipment had been installed, they had to be
demounted and then remounted on new foundations. This took about 2 weeks.
A month was consumed in correcting another Giproit mistake: in its original
design, the institute confused the locations of the first and second trans-
former substations.
The carelessness of the designers at times approaches the ridiculous.
In the design of the spinning shop, the ceiling should have been so arranged
as to permit electrical installation work, but Promstroyproyekt's working
plans omitted this altogether. Installation of production machinery is
being completed in this shop, but so far the institute has not made a
decision on what is to be done about the ceiling arrangement. In its
design of the staple shop, Giproiv failed to provide for such a "trifling
detail" as a cable conduit. As a result, the equipment is cut off from
its electric power sunnly_
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According to Rusov, a mechanic of the experimental production facility,
the principal deficiency in the work of Promstroyproyekt and Giproiv is
that they often do not correlate the equipment installation factor with
the building construction factor in the technical documents which they pre-
pare and that they grossly violate GOSTs. Very often, standard sizes are
given loosely in the plans, and sometimes unstandardized sizes are shown
as fixed sizes.
Frequently, a building is erected without the builders` knowing what
kind of equipment is to be installed in it. The air conditioning room is
an example. When the time came to install a tank in this room, it was
necessary to take down a completed wall to get the tank in. And ..it,.has
often been necessary to take down partitions and then put them up again.
The designers surprise the builders also in connection with the main
production buildings of the plant. In December 1959, Promstroyproyekt sent
working plans for the ventilation systems in the main production buildings;
2 months later, the institute sent new plans. In its design for the first
stage of the plant, Giproiv for some reason failed to provide for a com-
pressed air installation; consequently, the placing of orders for compressors
was delayed. Giproiv "forgot" that the plant required an installation to
prepare and process silica sand; but the spinning shops in both the experi-
mental facility and the main production buildings would be unable to function
without it.
Moscow, Izvestiya, 27 May 60
Final preparations are now being made at the lavsan plant being built
in Kursk to put into operation the experimental production facility as wet
as the main production building.
Daugavpils Synthetic Fiber Plant
MATERIAL SHORTAGES, DESIGN PROBLEMS PLAGUE BUILDING PROJECT -- Riga, Sovet-
skaya Latviya, 29 Apr 60
Good progress is being made on the construction of the Daugavpils
Synthetic Fiber Plant. Over 350,000 cu m of earth has been moved on the
31-hectare site where the enterprise is being erected. The foundations
for six buildings have been laid. The roof is being placed on the fire
station. The administration building and dining hall walls are being
completed. Installation of communications conduits and water lines has
begun.
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As usual, there are delays in the supply of building materials. A
shortage of precast reinforced concrete and fittings has stopped work on
the materials supply building and the chemical building. There is a lack
of commercial concrete.
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Many changes in the design documents are also delaying the work.
Recently, the designers ordered by telephone that work cease while changes
were made in the arrangement of conduits on the plant site.
The water problem has not yet been solved; water is still being hauled
from the city on trucks. Wells have been drilled to the designed depth,
but no water has been found there. It 5s apparent that also in this
instance the designers must recheck their calculations.
This is a Komsomol project; a komsomol staff has been created with a
chief at its head. But he is stationed in the construction trust office,
not at the construction site, and communicates with the builders mainly by
telephone. It appears that the Komsomol staff should be located at the
site.
Lisichansk Chemical Combine
EQUIPMENT LACK THREATENS CAPROLACTAM SHOP OPERATIONS -- Kiev, Pravda
Ukrainy, 29 Mar 6O
The group of caprolactam shops under construction at the Lisichansk
Chemical Combine is scheduled to go into operation in the fourth quarter
of 1960. General construction work on most of the shops is approaching
completion; however, much of the technological equipment .has not yet
arrived. As in 1959, some suppliers are pleading for more time to make
deliveries.
The enterprises contributing to a difficult situation at the con-
struction site include the Slavyansk Coke-Chemical Equipment Plaint, the
Fastov Krasnyy Oktyabr' Plant, the Korosten Chemical Machinery Plant, the
Sums Machine Building Plant imeni Frunze, and the Nikolayev Road Machinery
Plant. In 1959, these plants failed to deliver much badly needed equipment.
Unfortunately, there does not appear to be any change in attitude
toward the filling of orders for equipment. For example, the Dnepropetrovsk
Metallurgical Equipment Plant has not yet agreed to produce 15 units of
equipment, including eight rectification columns, even though construction
of the building in which they will be erected must be halted until they
are. acquired. A representative of the Dnepropetrovsk plant visiting the
combine has declared that his plant has no intention of making the columns.
The Korosten Chemical Machinery Plant and other plants take a similar
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The staff of the especially important Komsomol construction project
at the Lisiehansk Chemical Combine directs this inquiry to Gosplan Ukrainian
SSR: Why may the directors of these plants delay the acceptance of orders
and why do they fail to keep the staff informed on delivery of ordered
equipment?
Dneprodzerzhinsk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant
PLANT AWAITS EQUIPMENT IN VAIN - Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 12 May 60
The Dneprodzerzhinsk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant is scheduled to increase
its production capacity considerably in the Seven-Year Plan period. However,
the expansion work is lagging, and this time, it is not the builders who
are at fault but the suppliers of equipment.
The Kiev Bolshevik Plant was scheduled to supply contact process
equipment in the first quarter of 1959. In May 1959, the Bol'shevik
plant requested that the fertilizer plant accept the equipment without
filters. So as not to delay the installation schedule still more, the
ertilizer plant accepted the equipment with the condition that filters
be supplied by July 1959. Months passed. Letters of inquiry were not
answered. In February 1960, the fertilizer plant appealed to the Kievskiy
9ovnarkhoz and the Kievskaya Oblast Party Committee to put pressure on
he Bolshevik plant for the filters. However, the fertilizer plant has
of yet received the filters.
Kuybyshev Synthetic Rubber Plant
MINISTRY ADMITS EQUIPMENT SUPPLY IRREGULARITIES -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 15 May 60
On 2 March 1960, this newspaper published an article cit.ng several
reasons which might delay getting the Kuybyshev Synthetic Rubber Plant
into operation on schedule Lee USSR Materials and Materials Processing
Equipment, No 227-
P. Neporozhskiy, Deputy Minister of Construction of Electric Power
Stations USSR, has acknowledged that the complaint regarding heat and
power supply is justified. He assured this newspaper that the ministry
had taken measures to ensure the operation of two boilers before the end
of 1960, and also that the synthetic rubber plant would be supplied with
needed technological equipment and materials.
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Chirchik Electrochemical Combine
CONSTRUCTION AND SUPPLY LAG BEHIND SCHEDULE -- Tashkent, Pravda Vostoke,
12 May 60
The Chirchik Electrochemical Combine is an especially important
Komsomol project. However, the busy construction activity of one day
is often followed by inactivity on the next, and sometimes the work shut-
down continues for a long time.
The Chirchikkhimstroy Lhirchik Chemical Enterprise Construction?
Administration failed to fulfill its 1959 plan. The record was somewhat
better in the first quarter of 1960, for the construction and installation
plan was fulfilled. But many important structures are not being completed
on schedule. For instance, building No 93 should have been finished in
1959 but is not in operation even now. The completion dates for the gas
and mazut storage tanks and other installations passed long ago.
Radzinskiy, the combine's deputy director for capital construction,
provided the following information regarding the situation prevailing at
the construction site.
An over-all Seven-Year allotment of funds has been made for construction
of the combine. Gosplan Uzbek SSR distributes these funds on an annual
basis. But sometimes structures are designated for construction : before
design documents for them have been prepared. Equipment cannot be ordered
until these documents have become available. This occurred, in 1959, and
that was why several million rubles remained unspent. A similar situation
is now being created, although strong protests are being directed to the
design organizations, particularly to the Chirchik branch of the State
Institute of Nitrogen Industry.
About ten organizations are involved in procuring electrical equip-
ment for the Chirchik Electrochemical Combine.. Among these are the Ad-
ministration of Heavy Industry, Tashkentskiy Sovnarkhoz; the Procurement
Division, Tashkentskiy Sovnarkhoz; the Procurement Division, Gosplan Uzbek
SSR; and the Procurement Division, Gosplan USSR. All of these require
statements and forms, but practical assistance received from them is
negligible. Often it is necessary for representatives of the combine's
Capital Construction Division to visit Glavkhimkomplekt gain Administration
of Equipment Procurement for the Chemical Industry77 in Moscow in the role
of "pushers" and expedite an order for equipment.
In 1959, the Tambov Chemical Machine Building Plant failed to deliver
reduction equipment on time. The plant in Sumy delayed delivery of centri-
fuges and absorption columns for the nitric acid shop beyond the agreed
date. The Penza plant did not deliver tanks which it was to supply. Yet
none of the equipment procurement organizations was seriously disturbed
y these delivery schedule disruptions.
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to remove and replace several substandard reinforced concrete columns in
the building which houses the metallic sodium shop. Reinforced concrete
beams installed in Building No 93 were subsequently also found to lack the
required sturdiness, but a controversy has been raging the past 5 months
on whether or not to replace them. In the meantime, work on this build-
ing remains at a standstill. Work on the methane conversion shop, which
will process Bukhara gas, has ceased because of a concrete shortage. The
construction project's concrete requirements are not over 100 Cu m daily;
its concrete plant has two mixers capable of putting out 240 cu m per day,
but they are often inoperative because there is no sand or gravel.
There is a lack of cooperation between the construction administratio
and the supervisors of the shops where remodeling is being carried out.
As a result, when a machine is delivered, many construction deficiencies
come to light which must be adjusted before the machine can be put into'
operation. For instance, the combine's machinery and repair shop spent
6 months making necessary adjustments for the installation of a gas com-
pressor in the ammonia shop.
plant. All are putting out low-quality products. Recently, it was decide
skiy Reinforced Concrete Products Combine, and Chirchikkhimstroy's concrete
remodeling the combine. Suppliers are the Tashkent Plant No 2, the Yumala
It was planned to use precast reinforced concrete on a wide scale in
The unsatisfactory situation prevailing at the construction site
must end. The project must be rescued from its laggard role and must
assume leading status.
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NEW EQUIPMENT INSTALLED -- Moscow, Promysi.lenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
24 Apr 60
Another large installation for initial processing of petroleum, an
atmosphere-vacuum pipe still, has gone into operation at the Salavat Petro-
chemical Combine in the last few days.
Rubber
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KEIRUSHCNEV FAVORS SUMGAIT PROCESS FOR OTHER PLANTS -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan--
skaya Pravda, 29 Apr 60
N. S. Khrushchev went from Baku to visit the Sumgait Synthetic Rubber
Plant, the largest chemical industry enterprise in the Azerbaydzhan SSR.
F. Mustafin, director of the Sumgait Synthetic Rubber Plant, and other
officials escorted the chairman of the Council of Ministers USSR on a tour
of the pit.
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Khrushchev was greatly interested in the economic feasibility of
having existing synthetic rubber plants adopt the Sumgait plant's new
technological process of converting butane as into divinyl, which is
then polymerized into synthetic rubber, as compared with the usual method
of producing synthetic rubber from ethyl alcohol. Yu. Shmuk, chief design
engineer of the Sumgait plant and deputy chief engineer of Giprokauchuk
Mate Institute for the Planning of Rubber Industry Piants7, spoke favor-
ably on this possibility.
In response to Khrushchev's interest in the further development of
Sumgait as a chemical center of the USSR, he was informed that prospects
for such development were favorable because of the availability of natural
as and the by-products of Baku oil refineries. He was told that con-
struction of a great petrochemical combine has begun in Sumgait and that
its products will include synthetic fibers, including lavaan.
Synthetic Fibers
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SECOND PRODUCTION LINE SOON TO GO INTO OPERATION Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 24 Apr 60
The Engel's Artificial and Synthetic Fiber Combine, Saratovskaya
Oblast, has put the first industrial technological capron production line
into operation. A second technological capron production line is to go
into operation In May 1960, or a month earlier than originally scheduled.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FIBER DESCRIBED -- Leningradskaya Pravda, 29 Apr 60
Vinol is a synthetic fiber with a promising future. The name was
suggested by.Sergey Nikolayevich Ushakov, Corresponding Member of the
Academy of Sciences USSR, the scientist who supervised its development,
The fiber was created in a laboratory of the Institute of High Molecular
Compounds, Academy of Sciences USSR.
Research for this fiber was occasioned by the fact that existing
synthetic fibers had one very serious defect; they did not absorb water
well. There was need.for-a polymer "hydrophilic" in nature and cheap to
produce.
The Japanese had such fibers. The Americans undertook to produce
their own, but then preferred to.purchase a license from the Japanese,
A laboratory group consisting of Yel,ena Mikhaylovna Lavrent'yeva,
K..S. Podgorskaya, and N. M. Glinkina began independent research for a
new synthetic material under the supervision of S. N. Ushakov..
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An initial difficulty was the unavailability in the USSR of a certain
type of polyvinyl alcohol. After about a year, a small quantity of poly-
vinyl alcohol of the required degree of polymerization and chemical coin-
position was produced in the laboratory.
This alcohol was sufficient for only a few experiments. Then the
Scientific Research Institute of Polymerized Plastics, which. has its own
experimental plant, undertook to develop the technology for producing poly-
vinyl alcohol. The efforts of laboratory chief I. M. Fingauz, shop chief
A. A. Pavlov, and Engr A. N. Sverdlova were successful; polyvinyl, alcohol
of the exact type needed, became available in quantity and it was.possible
to produce the first vinyl.
Fabric made of this fiber resembles wool gabardine in appearance.
Resistant to the action of many alkalis and acids, the fiber will be
useful in the manufacture of filters and linings required by the chemical
and mining industries.
The raw material source of this miracle fiber is acetylene. The gas
is first converted into a liquid, vinyl acetate, then into a solid, poly-
vinyl alcohol in powder form, which in turn becomes the spinning solution.
On reaching the spinning machine, the solution is forced under compressed
air pressure through spinnerets. These spinnerets are only 2.5 cm in dim
ameter but have 2,400 tiny holes. From every spinneret, there issue 2,40O
filaments. At the end of the production process, a finished vinyl fiber
is obtained.
Seven tenths cubic meter of acetylene will yield one kilogram of.
vinol.
Plastics
TEXTOLITE. OTHER PRODUCTS MA E TV AR TFMTIA
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The immediate future of the Ecbmiadzin Plastics Plant in the Armenian
SSR is closely associated with glass textolite. The main component of a
plastic, which determines its qualities and type, is one of a variety of
artificial resins produced from petroleum, coal, or natural gas. Many
plastics require a filler which may be sawdust, wood chips, fiber glass,
cotton fabrics, paper, asbestos, or one of many mineral compounds. A
plasticizer added to a plastic imparts flexibility and permits it to be
shaped into a variety of forms. Plasticizers compose up to 11o percent of
some plastic products.
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Textolite is a new laminated material consisting of fabric impregnated
with a synthetic resin to which heat and pressure are applied.. Machine
parts are made of textolite. So-called 'glass textolite is obtained if
glass fabric rather than ordinary fabric is impregnated with resin. Glass
textolite is stronger than all other laminated plastics. All kinds of boats,
motor vehicle bodies, furniture, and houses are now being made of laminated
plastics.
The Echmiadzin Plastics Plant will become a producer of glass textolite
after it is remodeled, which will be before the end of the Seven-Year Plan.
The design work for the first stage of renovation has already been completed.
The remodeled plant will process three times as much raw material as
the present plant, while gross output will be almost five times as great.
The present main building, where plastics are now made., will become a
shop for the production of glass textolite. Plastics 'output will be
transferred to a new larger building, which has been designed to house
considerably more presses than the present building.
One shop in the new building will produce electrical fittings, such
as switches, sockets, plugs,, and fuses; 500 persons will be employed in
this shop. A large new instrument shop will supply the enterprise with
molds and other supplies necessary for the production of plastic products.
Output of,plastic consumer goods is to be 30 times as great as the present
volume. The design for the first stage of remodeling includes provision
for the construction of a workers settlement and for further expansion of
the plant. A new, second stage could result in doubled output capacity.
Earth work is now under way in preparation for construction of the
new main building, which will house the press shop; this shop will have
a production area of approximately 10,000 sq m.
$owever, the young plant has been growing steadily quite apart from
the remodeling plan. Two new shops, a processing shop where the rough
plastic articles received from the press shop are finished and an assembly
shop, were opened early in 1960. Formerly, these shops had been housed in
the building with the presses. The additional space gained by the press
shop permitted acquisition of additional equipment;: a 200-ton press, a
160-ton press, and a hydraulic high-pressure pump. An all-purpose milling
machine was added to the instrument shop. The new equipment will go into
operation within the next few days.
Seventeen enterprises in the Armenian SSR are using products made by
the Echmiadzin Plastics Plant. Among these are the Leninakan Micropower
Electric Motor Plant, the Yerevan Electrical Instrument Plant, the Yerevan
Timepiece Plant, which receives plastic alarm clock cases, and the Leninakan
Instrument Making Plant. The Gori Micropower Electric Motor Plant, which
is still under construction, and other plants also use products of.".the
Echmiadzin Plastics Plant in the Armenian SSR.
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CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION LINES BOOST PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE PRODUCTS OUTPUT --
Moscow, Izvestiya, 17 Jun 60
The Nizhne-Tagil' Plastics Plant produces over 300 different technical
and chemical products. Recently, engineers P. S. Ivanov and V. N. Demkin
suggested an original installation of equipment which would enable the
plant to produce new types of resins. According to this scheme, all ma-
chines are assembled in one technological line. The Ivanov and Demkin
installation was the first attempt made in the Soviet Union to organize
continuous production of dry lacquer resins.
It has beenresblv.ed to assemble two more lines of this type, which
will make possible a considerable increase in, the plant's annual output
of phenol-formaldehyde products.
ARTIFICIAL LEATHER PLANT IN OPERATION -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 30 Apr
60
A large artificial leather plant has gone into operation in Yoshkar-
Ola, the capital of the Mariyskaya ASSR. The "textovinite" (tek.stovinit)
shop has put out its first products.
Fertilizers
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PHOSPHATE SHOP IN OPERATION -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomjcheskaya Gazeta,
15 Apr 6O
The first phosphate shop in the Ukraine has gone into operation at
the Kiev Fertilizer Plant. The main production processes in the shop have
been automated. The enterprise will now no longer need to import reagents
and will be able to reduce the production cost of its basic product 4O-50
percent.
LITHUANIAN SUPERPHOSPHATE PLANT PROGRESS -- Vil'nyus, SovetskayaLitva,
7 May 60
Three kilometers from Kedaynyay, Lithuanian SSR, the Kedaynyay Super-
phosphate Plant is under construction. Already under roof are the build-
ings which will house the central laboratory, workers' dining hall, and
plant administration. Also begun are the refrigeration installation,
storehouses for materials and fuel, machine repair shop, building repair
shop, and boilerhouse.
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Construction of the combine is proceeding under rather difficult
onditions; the area is swampy and overgrown with brush. The first step
as the building of a road to the construction site.
y the end of 1961.
Construction of the building for sulfuric acid production was begun
ecently. It is to be completed in time for the combine to begin producing
Sodium Sulfate
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SULFATE COMBINE BEGINS NEW SEASON -
60
shkhabad, Turkmenskaya Iskra, 29 Apr
The first thousands of tons of sulfate produced by the Kara-Bogaz
Sulfate Combine at the start of a new season have reached the port of
Bekdash for shipment to USSR glass enterprises.
EXPANSION PLAN`,. FOR SULFATE PRODUCER -- Moscow, Pravda, 13 Junc 60
ever, it will be necessary to reorganize the combine's production technology
and to adopt industrial-type production methods.
Present sodium sulfate production technology is based on natural
factors.. The cold fall-winter period is used for precipitating mirabilite,
and the warm spring-summer period, for dehydrating and drying it. This
technology limits output increases, is entirely dependent on weather con-
ditions, and is not adaptable to mechanization and automation. In the mean-
time, the national economy presents increasing requirements for sodium sul-
fate which is now widely used in the production of glass, paper, leather,
and soap, and finds applications in metallurgy and other industries.
The Seven-Year Plan provides for construction of a sodium sulfate
plant in Bekdash. This plant will represent technological progress, for
it will precipitate and dry mirabilite artificially, eliminate much heavy
of the Seven-Year Plan for tripled sodium sulfate output is attainable. Howl
Every year, 8-10 cu km of Caspian Sea water enters the Kara-Bogaz-Gol
Gulf, carrying up to 100 million tons of salts, about half of which is
mirabilite (sodium sulfate). Other salts in the water are magnesium sulfate
magnesium chloride, and bromine.
The Kara-Bogaz Sulfate Combine was organized to produce sodium sulfate
in the First Five-Year Plan. The combine fulfilled its 1959 production plan
and is successfully fulfilling the 1960 plan, an indication that fulfillment
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physical labor, and produce 'a better product. However, construction of
the plant is proceeding very slowly. Computations indicate that production
costs will remain high even with the new plant in operation. An electric
power station must also be built and shipping costs will make the needed
solid and liquid fuels expensive.
Production costs could be reduced if the bischofite, bromine, potassium,
and other brine components which so far have been ignored were recovered by
construction of facilities that would soon pay for themselves. If natural
gas becomes available in Bekdash (its presence in western Turkmenistan and
the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf region is notlonger in doubt), the enterprise can
be expanded to produce ammonia. fertilizers, solvents, and initial materials
for the production of plastics, synthetic rubber, etc.
Even though the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf is now passing from the scientific
research stage into a stage of economic usefulness, the State Committee for
Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR and the Academy of Sciences USSR
are slow in making decisions designed to speed development of this natural"
resource.
The Kara-Bogaz Sulfate Combine does not have its own design bureau
and chemical laboratory. Technological problems are submitted to the All-
Union Scientific Research Institute of Halurgy, while design work is handled
by a branch of Gosgorkhimproyekt Mate Institute for the Planning of Mining
and Chemical Enterprises7. Both of these institutes are located in Leningrad
and their decisions are often unrealistic.
For example, the design for the new plant calls for construction of
a TETs (heat and electric power station).which is to supply steam for
processing mirabilite The combine's chief power engineer, 0. D. Afanas',-
yev, has proposed that ?s as turbine installation be substituted for the
TETs and that turbine gas be used, to dry mirabilite. The engineer's sug-
gestion has the advantages that such an installation could easily be auto-
mated and that 2p million rubles would be saved in construction costs. The
State Committee for Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR should speedily
consider the Afanas'yev proposal as a substitute for the original design.
It is time to create a scientific and technical division at the combine,
which would have a design bureau as one of its components.
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Furfural
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CONFERENCE DISCUSSES OUTPUT, COST, APPLICATIONS -- Moscow, Gidroliznaya i
Lesokhimicheskaya Promyshlennost', No 2, 1960, p 30
An_all-union conference on the production and applications of furfural
was held in Riga in December 1959. The conference was organized by...'the,
State Scientific and Technical Committee of the Council of Ministers USSR,
State Committee for Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR, and the
State Scientific Council on the Use of Raw Materials Containing Pentosan,
The more than 200 participants included representatives of enterprises,
institutions, and departments interested in the production of furfural
and its applications in the construction, chemical, petroleum, pharma
ceutical, consumer goods, and other industries and in agriculture.
S. V. Chepigo,,chairman of. the Permanent Commission on Chemical Proce.sss
ing of Plant, Materials by the Hydrolytic Method, GNTK state Scientific and
Technical Committee of the Council of Ministers USSR, spoke on the 1960-
1965 plan for furfural production. D. M. Basin of Giprobum fState Institute
for Planning in the Cellulose and Paper IndustrJ addressed the conference
on the technical and economic factors to be considered when locating furfural
enterprises. In his speech, A. I. Kozlov of the NIIGS Scientific Research
Institute of the Hydrolysis and Sulfite Alcohol Industr/ declared that it
will be possible to produce furfural at'a cost of 1,500-2,500 rubles per
ton in newly designed plants, as compared with about 3,000 rubles per ton
in existing plants.
I. I. Porzhitskiy of the State Committee for Chemistry of the Council
of Ministers USSR pointed out certain conditions under which 1965 furfural
requirements might grow to twice the figure shown in the Seven-Year Plan..
Since increased use of.furfural in the plastics industry in place of phenol
would permit a 45-5O-percent rise in the output of resin for molding powders,
it is planned to use furfural in 30 percent of the plastics enterprises in
the Seven-Year Plan period; to carry out this plan, more than 7,000 tons
of furfural will be needed in 1965. Up to 20,000 tons of furfural could
be used in 1965 to produce furfuryl alcohol, which is widely used abroad
to.make nylon, rubber, and abrasives and also finds application in acid-
and alkali-resistant cements. A 5,000-ton annual furfural requirement
is foreseen by 1965 for the production of furfural acdtone, useful in the
production of building materials, and a 10,000-ton requirement for 'the
production of xnaleic anhydride, used in the output of resins and varnishes..
It is estimated that the petroleum industry will require over 11,000 tons
of furfural by 1965'and that other needs will total more than 16,000 tons.
To find wide application in industry, furfural must cost no more than 2,000-
3,000 rubles per ton.
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V. E. Leyrikh of the Scientific Research Institute of Trunk Pipelines
spoke about laboratory and experimental work being done on applications of
furfuryl alcohol in the petroleum industry, while A. A. Sapunov of:,,the
Scientific Research Institute of Underground Mine Construction discussed
experiments on the production of building blocks containing furfural acetone
for use in mine tunnels. The industrial-scale experiments with furfural
acetone which are to be conducted in 1960 have as an objective the output
of tens of thousands of tons of this product under conditions which will
permit production at a cost of 2,500-4,000 rubles per ton. V. I. Itinskiy
of the Scientific Research Institute of Plastics described a cement con-
sisting of 10-12 percent furfural acetone, 3 percent benzenesulfonic acid,
and 85-87 percent mineral filler.
The conference adopted a resolution on the production and applications
of furfural and its derivatives. To satisfy the requirements of the various
branches of the national economy, it was recommended that furfural output be
developed to the following levels- 77,000 tons in 1965, 130,000 tons in
1970, and 195,000 tons in 1975. The resolution also took note that furfutal
production capacity is being increased very slowly and that the development
of furfural production is retarded by'the fact that hydrolysis plants are
subordinated to various administrations in the sovnarkhozes.
SPEAKER EXPLORES OUTPUT EXPANSION POSSIBILITIES -- Moscow, Gidroliznaya
i Lesokhimicheskaya Proryshlennost', No 2, 1960, p 25
(Paper read by S. V. Chepigo, chairman of the Permanent Commission
on Chemical Processing of Plant Materials by the Hydrolytic Method, at
the all-union conference on the production and applications of furfural
held in Riga In December 1959;)
The Soviet Union is behind the US in furfural production although it
has at its disposal unlimited resources of raw materiels containing pentosan
The reasons for this have been high cost of production, a research lag in
producing furfural derivatives and finding applications for them.'in the
national economy, and a lag in providing facilities for furfural production.
This paper will suggest that the Seven Year Plan goal of producing in 1965
about 20 times as much furfural as in 1959 may be considerably exceeded.
The Seven-Year Plan provides for furfural production in specialized
furfural hydrolysis plants, in furfural shops at three xylitol hydrolysis
plants, and in four furfural installations at alcohol hydrolysis plants.
Raw materials; covered by the plan are sunflower :seen' hulls, ..corncobs,
cottonseed hulls, deciduous tree4:wood, and on a limited ,.;scale,: cotton
stalks. The plan does not take into account such possibilities as furfural
production in combination with wood pyrolysis at wood dbheziical '.plants,
setting up small (500-1,500 ton) furfural shops at fats and colls.,,?plants
and other food industry enterprises, or the utilization of extraction
industry waste materials such as oak bark waste, anabasis Kazakh plant
used to produce a pesticide7 residue, nightshade waste, poppy residue,
etc.
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Furfural production should be organized at wood chemical plants that
process deciduous wood. Using a one-percent sulfuric acid solution, it
will be possible to obtain furfural equal to 3.5-4 percent of the weight
of the wood being processed. This process will yield 10,000-15,000 tons
of furfural per year. The production cost will be 1,400-2,000 rubles per
ton and capital investment required will be about 2,200 rubles per ton of
furfural. Experimental production of furfural by this method should be
organized in 1960 at the Syava Wood Chemical Combine; thereupon, furfural
shops should be designed for other existing wood chemical plants as well
as for some under construction,
There are in the Soviet Union a large number of. food enterprises
where 5,000-15,000 tons of plant residues (sunflower seed hulls, corn-
cobs, etc.) accumulate each year. At such enterprises, furfural shops
with an annual capacity of 1,000-1,500 tons should be constructed. Pro-
duction cost of furfural at such shops will not exceed 1,200 rubles per
ton according to data developed by Giprobum State Institute for Planning
in the Pulp and Paper Industry 7 and according to data on the experience
of small furfural plants in Italy. With minimum capital investment, this
process will quickly add 15,000 tons per year to USSR furfural output.
It is incumbent on Gosplan USSR and the sovnarkhozes to pay attention to
the creation of such "small-scale" furfural production facilities as well
as to the construction of large furfural hydrolysis plants.
The use of other.raw materials containing pentosan, such as cotton
stalks, alkaloid plant residues, essential-oil plant residues, and scutched
hemp residues, as well as expanded use of oak bark waste, would permit
quick creation or rapid expansion of furfural production at the existing
hydrolysis plants indicated below.
1. Saratov Hydrolysis Plant: production of up to 3,000 tons per
year on the basis of oak bark waste from the ,Vol'sk Tanning. Extracts
Plant and sunflower seed hulls from local oil mills. This output, together
with the furfural output of the Shumnerlya Hydrolysis Plant, would be pre-
requisite to the organization of nylon production at the Engel's Synthetic
Fiber Plant.
2. Chimkent Hydrolysis Plant: production of up to 3,000-4,000 tons
per year on the basis of anabasis, nightshade, and possibly also poppy
residues,
3. Yangi-Yu1' Hydrolysis Plant: production of up to 3,000 tons per
year on the basis of scutched hemp residue and cotton stalks.
4. Iropotkin Hydrolysis Plant: production of up to 3y000 tons per.
year on the basis of sunflower seed hulls.
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5. Andizhan Hydrolysis Plant: production of up to 5,000 tons per
year on the basis of cotton stalks.
6, Fergana Hydrolysis Plant: production of up,to 2,000 tons per year
on the basis of cotton stalks.
Problems regarding procurement, storage, grinding, and transport of
cotton stalks must be surveyed and quickly solved. This is important for
ensuring a raw material supply for furfural production not only to the
Andizhan, Fergana, and Yangi-Yul' hydrolysis plants, but also the Begovat
Hydrolysis Plant in Uzbekistan, construction of which is to be finished
in 1962.
The organization and expansion of furfural production at the existing
southern hydrolysis plants will require less capital investment and can be.
carried out more quickly than construction of new enterprises of the same
capacity. It is also noteworthy that these p~ants have hydrogen at their
disposal and that any unused equipment in their xylitol shops can easily
and quickly be converted to produce furfuryl alcohol, tetrehydrofuran,
and other furfural derivatives.
All of these measures plus the capacity provided under the Seven-
Year Plan will permit,. production of 70,000-80,000 tons of furfural in
1965, or double the planned amount. The new figure will cover top priority
requirements which have developed in the national economy of the Soviet
Union.
Ammonia
CP.YRGHT
NEW FACILITY IN PRODUCTION - Moscow, Izvestiya, 21 Jun 60
The largest ammonia production facility in the USSR has gone into
operation at the Kemerovo Chemical Combine. Even in 1960, it will produce
tens of thousands of tons of fertilizers. Besides fertilizers, the facility
will produce caprolactam, urea, and many other organic products.
Cellulose
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SIBERIAN COMBINE BEGINS PRODUCTION -- Yerevan, Kommunist,.30 Apr 60
The Krasnoyarsk Cellulose-paper Combine has put out its first products.
This giant Siberian wood-chemical enterprise is characterized by a high
degree of mechanization and automation. Equipment is now being installed
in the paper mill, which will produce viscose cellulose, newsprint, other
papers, and cardboard.
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NEW PLANT STARTED -- Moscow, Izvestiya, 22 Jun 60
Construction of a large cellulose plant has begun on the shore of
Lake Baykal. Annually, it will process over 700,000 cu m of wood and
produce 100,000 tons of sulfate cellulose. The plant will also produce
other products.
Chemical Equipment
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Qom ressors and Puma
NEW TURBO COMPRESSOR FOR CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Mashinostroitel',
May 60, p 36
.The Sverdlovsk Uraa.khimmash Plant has produced a new turbocompressor
for the chemical industry. Its heat-removal capacity is 8 million kilo-
calories per hour, the equivalent of 3,QOO ZIL refrigerators. The new
machine is ten times as powerful, and lighter than a piston compressor.
COMPRESSOR PRODUCTION IN LIT$UANIAN SSR -- Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva,
16 Apr 60
During the first quarter of 1960, the Lithuanian SSR industry has
produced 3,800 mobile compressors, or 96 percent of the number envisaged
by the plan.. This figure can be expressed as 123 percent of the compressor
output figure for the first quarter of 1959..
PUMP PRODUCTION IN ARMENIAN SSR --Yerevan, Kommunist, 27 Apr 60
During the first quarter of 1960, the Armenian SSR produced 11,071
centrifugal and blade-type pumps, or 19 percent more than in the. same
period of. 1959.
Gas Eguii?ment
NEW GAZOAPPARAT PLANT -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 16 Apr 60
Several new plants, including the "Gazoapparat" Plant fn Ordzhonikidze?,
have been put into operation in the Severo-Ossetinskaya A$SR during the
past few years,
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GAS AINS INSTALLATION MACI VERY Moscow, Stroitel'stvo Truboprovodov,
May 6O, p 29
At the Moscow Exhibition of the Achievements of the National Economy
of the USSR, the following machines are being; shown: the TS-1B scraper-
type trench filling machine, the M-5 machine for tar-coating pipes, the
1ML-7 machine for winding insulation material on pipes, and the VGT-8 ma-
chine for cold bending of gas pipeq..
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II. PETROLEUM AND GAS INDUSTRIES
Production
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OIL, GAS OUTPUT IN FIRST QUARTER 1960 -- Leningrad, Leningrads}aya Pravda,
16 Apr 60
The Soviet Union extracted 34.5 million tons of crude oil and. 11.9
billion cu m of gas in the first quarter of 1960, according to the Central
Statistical Administration of the Council of Ministers USSR,
Oil production went up 16 percent and gas output was 30 percent
higher than in the same period of 1959.
Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 19 Apr 60
According to the Central Statistical Administration of the Council
of Ministers RSFSR, 27.6 million tons of oil and 6.1+ billion cu m of gas
were produced in the RSFSR in the first quarter of 1969. This was 18
percent more oil and 36 percent more gas than was produced in the same
period of 1959
TURKMEN SSR EXPECTS TO REACH 1965 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION GOAL IN 1963 --
Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya,Iskra, 14 May 60
According to M. Mravyan, chief of the Turkmenneft' Petroleum Associa-
tion, the Turkmen`petraleum industry expects to reach in 1963 the petroleum
output projected for 1965 by the Seven-Year Plan. Since 1 January 1960,
daily production has increased by 765 tons. In 1959, the industry produced
nearly 77,000 tons more petroleum than had been ;planned for the year. In
the first quarter of 1960, some 2,230 tons of petroleum has been produced
and 5,911+ meters of hole has been drilled in excess of the plan.
A new oil field with larger geological reserves than any previous
discovery.. ias been found in the republic in 1960. The new discovery,
named, the IeninskiyOil Field, lies west of the huge.Kotur-Tepe Oil
Field, the commercial development of which began in 1959, the same year
the Kamyshldzha and Okarem oil fields, both, high-yield deposits, were
found in the southern part of the Caspian Sea region.
The 1960 schedule calls for the fracturing of 100 oil wells. The
80 wells which were fractured, in 1959 yielded 10,Q4.~ tons more crude
oil. It has been estimated that pressuring has resulted in the. recovery
of about 3 million tons of crude oil at, Karadag since the injection of
water and as began them in i055k
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Remote control equipment has been installed at Oil Field No 1 of the
Kumdagneft' Oil Field Administration. Automation and dispatching services
are to be introduced into deep pumping operations at all the oil fields
at Kumdag and Qheleken.
The mechanization of underground repair jobs and capital repair
jobs requiring considerable labor is being given special attention. The
28 underground repair crews have pipe coupling and uncoupling mechanisms,
and round trip time in underground repair operations has declined 15,20
percent. Capital repair crews are also to be provided such mechanisms
in 1960.
The present dehydrating method employed at the oil fields and
requiring the use of expensive "dark contact" [principally sulfonic
acids] is to be replaced by one which will use.electric dehydrating;
units that are scheduled for construction by 1962.
The 196Q schedule also calls for introducing electrodrilling.
Eventually, this type of drilling is to be increased on a broad scale
in Turkmenistan.
Along with these favorable developments, there is a very important
factor on the negative side. The lack of pipelines and of enterprises
in which casing head gas may be used is resulting in the loss of tens
of million of rubles' worth of this gas annually through flares at the
fields.
Oil Field Operations
CPYRGHT
NEW OIL FIELD ESTABLISErED IN TUR ENISTAN -- Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya
Iskra, JA May 6o
A new oil field was established about 2 months ago at the formor
pagadzhikskiy sector of the Chelekenneft' Oil Field Administration.
The new field has become Oil Field No 2 of this field administration.
Efforts are being made to increase production from the low-yield
flowing wells by the installation of new deep well pumps, but their
installation is being delayed by the acute shortage of equipment. More-
over, the field has no repair shop of its own and any repairs that must
be made require travel to the village of Azizbekovo, several kilometers
away.
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FIFTH HORIZON FOUND AT OFFSHORE OIL FIELD -- Yerevan, Kommunist, 5 May 60
Baku? 3 May -- A new oil horizon has been found at a prospecting
well drilled to a depth of 3,500 meters at Offshore Oil Field No 12 of
the Ordzhonikidzeneft' Oil Field Administration. The well is flowing
a high-grade oil. This is the ti oil.horizon being developed under
the Caspian Sea Bed in the Peschanyy Island area, offshore from Baku.
Fifteen crews are drilling deep and superdeep wells at this site
to search for oil and gas. Daily oil production at this field has in-
creased 10 percent since the beginning of the year.
7,000-METER OIL WELL SUNK IN AZERBAYDZHAN -- Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya Iskra,
15Apr6O
A 7,000-meter oil well is being sunk at the southern tip of the
Apsheron Peninsula of Azerbaydzhan. Two wells have recently been completed
in the republic to depths of 1+,835 meters and 4,855 meters.
In 1959, some 17.1 million tons of crude oil and 4.6 billion cu m
of gas came from Azerbaydzhan.
NEW STEEL ISLET BEING BUILT TO DRILL.OFFSHORE OIL WELLS IN CASPIAN SEA---
Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 16 Mar 6o
A steel islet, to be used as a foundation from which to drill off-
shore oil wells in the Caspian Sea, is being built 33 km from the Apsheron
Peninsula. The islet is being built in a section where the water Is 32
meters deep. The first prospecting well to be drilled from the founds-
Lion has been projected to a depth of 1,500 in.
LAG IN EXPLORATION AFFECTING GROWTH OF OIL PRODUCTION IN KIRGIZIA --
Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 11 May 60
The Seven-Year Plan calls for a threefold increase in oil produc-
tion in Kirgizia. The 1959 production goal was fulfilled only 85 per-
cent, however, and production in the first quarter of 1960 was below
that of the corresponding quarter of 1959. Production has declined be-
cause of inattention to the expansion of the oil industry by the re-
public',"s organizations.
The exploration of new sites is so far behind that the lag is re-
tarding the industry's expansion. The Administration of Geology and
Conservation of Natural Resources of the Council of Ministers Kirgiz
SSR and the Kiirgizneft' Oil Field Administration are both responsible
for exploratory operations in the republic. Geophysical exploration is
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the function of geologists, whereas the actual exploratory drilling is per-
formed by oil workers. The two administrations have failed to coordinate
their activities and have been blaming each other for the poor operations
in the oil industry.
Golubin, chief of the geology administration, has blamed the geologists
of the oil field administration for the lag in exploration activity. He
has complained that the Kirgizneft' Oil Field Administration not only lacks
plans for the exploration of new sites and for the completion of explora-
tion of existing deposits but also that most of the field administration's
plans for geological exploration in 1959 were unsatisfactorily formulated
and failed to meet present demands.
Saakov, uho'became chief-of the Kirgnizneft' Oil Field Administra-
tion at the end of 1958, also criticizes the geologists and complains
that they fail to provide new structures for exploratory drilling.
However, despite the poor performance of the field administration
geologists, the geological administration is supposed to provide the oil
workers with new structures and is mainly at fault for the lag in ex-
ploration. The geological administration increased the number of its
seismic crews to only two, instead of four, as it was supposed to have
done in 1959. As a result, the preparation b f new structures for drilling
has been delayed considerably.
The quality of wildcat operations is now more important than the
number of crews engaged. in searching for oil. Under present methods,
wildcat operations cannot provide the results which will place in-
dividual sites under deep exploration. The geologists carry on their
operations blindly because of the failure to develop proper methods and
technology.
The Kirgiz Sovnnrkhoz supervises the Kirgizneft' Oil Field Administra-
tion only superficially and is much at fault for the disturbing situation
in the oil industry. After Saakov became chief of the field administra-
tion, he virtually "cleaned out" the staff of the field administration's
subsidiary enterprises. In 1959, some 73 percent of the field administra-
tion's workers and 21 percent of its technical and engineering personnel
departed. The chief engineer and chief geologist of the field administra-
tion, as well as the chiefscf the field administration's divisions of
production engineering, planning, and labor and wages, were replaced.
This took place during a very :.critical. period for the republic's oil in-
dustry. For an entire year, the field administration had no chief engineer
and no chief of its production engineering division.
The heavy turnover in personnel could have been attributed either
to unfamiliarity with one''s personnel or to inability to work with these
individuals. However, it appears that for several years there were in-
competent people in the principal production sectors of the oil field
administration.
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The sovnarkhoz has failed, to help the oil workers decide numerous
technical matters. For example, there have been discussions for several
years about introducing hydraulic fracturing into oil field operations.
The oil workers are unable to decide this matter themselves, yet the
sovnarkhoz fails to provide any assistance. The situation of the Kirgiz
oil industry is serious.
Gas Prospecting
CPYRGHT
GEOLOGISTS FIND INDICATIONS OF GAS IN LATVIA -- Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya,
22 May 60
One ol ree geological crews searching for oil and gas in the
western part of Latvia in the Baltic Sea region has found indications
of gas in the Cambrian sediments near the village of Piltene, north-
west of Kuldiga. This crew has already drilled 1,15+ meters of hole.
A second crew, which is drilling in this general area of the Baltic
Sea region in which the deep-lying Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian
sediments are'believed to contain oil and gas pools, has already drilled
more than 700 meters of hole but has not yet penetrated through the
Devonian rock. The third crew is drilling near E zere, south of Saldus.
Pipelines
CPYRGHT
PIPELINE WILL DELIVER GAS FROM UKRAINE TO BALTIC REPUBLICS -- Riga,
Sovetskaya Latviya, 16 Apr 60
The construction of the Dashava-Minsk gas line with a lateral to
Vil'nyus and Riga is one of the largest pipeline: projects of the Seven-
Year Plan. Riga is scheduled to receive gas in 1962.
The main line will run from gas fields in the Dashava-Komarno area
in the Ukraine and will bifurcate at Ivatsevichi [in Brestskaya Oblast
of Belorussia], from where one branch will run to Minsk and the other
branch to Vil'nyus and Riga.
As of 10 April 1960, some 420 km of pipe had already been laid
from the line's starting point. Of this length, 100 km has already
been',tested and recently placed in service.
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Refining
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REFINERY TO BE BUILT IN PAVLODAR, KAZAKHSTAN -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 24 Apr 6o
Pavlodar -- The Seven-Year Plan calls for the construction of an
oil refinery in Pavlodar. The refinery, which is scheduled to process
crude oil from fields in the Tatarskaya ASSR, will obtain its feed
stock through a 500-mm pipeline to be built from Omsk. Construction
of the pipeliue is scheduled to start in 1961 so that it may be complet
before the refinery goes on stream.
III. COAL INWSTRY
CPYRGHT
MINING FACILITIES AND CAPACITIES OF LUGANSKIY ECONOMIC REGION?--
Sovershenstvovaniye Tekhniki i Tekhnologii Dobychi Uglya (Improvement
of the Equipment and Technology of Coal Mining), book edited by A. S.
Kuz'mich, Moscow, 1960, pp 13-14
The Luganskiy Economic Administrative Region contains 262 mines
(technical units) united into 175 mines and mine administrations (administra-
tive units) which make up the Luganskugol' and Donbassantratsit combines.
The planned capacity of all the mines is 63,603,000 tons of coal per
year.
The capacity of the mines differs widely, with an average of 240,000
tons per year or 770 tons per 24 hours. The average capacity of a mine
built before 1941 is 1,140 tons per 24 hours, including 39 mines (40
percent of the entire number) with a daily capacity of 1,000 tons or
more, and the rest (51 mines) with a daily capacity of less than 1,000
tons. Of the mines constructed in postwar years, 28 (about 19 percent)
have a daily capacity of 1,000 tons or more, but the majority have less
than 1,000.
This group of mines was considerably augmented in 1954-1957 by
building 65 new mines with a 24-hour capacity of 42O-560 tons. Mines
constructed during this short period made it possible to increase the
mine capactiy of the region by more than 10 million tons per year; as
a result, the coal output has been increased in recent years.
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CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
Of the 24 small mines built in wartime, nine had an average daily
output of more than 500 tons; the other 15, less than 500 tons.
Coking coal is extracted in 50 mines with a planned capacity of
more than 11 million tons per year, including 15 mines with a capacity
of 1,000 tons or more per day. The average capacity per mine is 760
tons per day.
Consequently three fourths of the total number, of operating mines
of the region, or 195, have a capacity of less than 1,000 tons per 24
hours.
Planned capacity for yearly output has been achieved 93.5 percent
for the entire group of mines; including prewar mines, 104 percent; and
mines built after the war, 88 percent.
SEVEN-YEAR COAL-MINE CONSTRUCTION PLANS -- Moscow, Shakhtnoye Stroitel=stvo,
No 4+, Apr 60, p 1
The Seven-Year Plan provides for the construction and putting into
operation of underground coal mines and open pits with a total, capacity
of 200-220 million tons of coal per year, and also for the renovation of
a large number of mines. It is planned to spend 75-78 million rubles
on this work, that is, 22-27 percent more than in the past 7 years.
By directives of the 21st Congress of the CPSU, the cost of construc-
tion is to be reduced not less than 6 percent, labor productivity is
to be increased 60-65 percent, and heavy manual labor is to be eliminated.
The planned capacity of the new mines is to be increased as follows:
for the Donbass -- up to 2,000-5,000 tons per 24 hours, as against 750-
800 tons, the present average per operating mine; for the Kuzbass -- up
to 4,000 -10,000 tons per 21+ hours, as against 2,300-2,500 tons; for the
Karaganda basin -- up to 3,000-8,000 tons per 24 hours, as against 1,500-
1,550 tons; and for the Pechora basin -- 3,000-8,000 tons per 24 hours,
as against 1,400-1,500 tons.
NEW COAL MINE UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN KIRGIZ SSR -- Frunze, Sovetskaya
Kirgiziya, 17 May 60
A new coal mine is being built in Kirgiz SSR, near Kok-Yangak.
The construction of a 500-meter slope is being completed and a mine
railroad is being laid.
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CPYRGHT
NEW COKING COAL REGION FOR KARAGANDA PLANT -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 17 May 6o
Forty kilometers from Karaganda, the new Shakhanskiy coal region
is being established. This will supply high--calorie coking coal for
last furnaces of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant. The large Churubay-
ura Mine No 12 is to be put into operation in 1961..
Coal Preparation
CPYRGHT
USSR COAL-PREPARATION MILLS -- Obogashcheniye Ugley v Tyazhelykh Sredakh
(Coal Cleaning in Heavy Media), book by M. V. Tsiperovich, Sverdlovsk,
1959, p 409 ff
There are 52 coal-preparation mills th the Donbass with a total
productivity of 59,0+0,000 tons per year. Thirty-two of these mills, with
a yearly productivity of 1+3,750,000 tons, are intended to prepare coal .
for coking. During the period from 1959-1965, the number of Donbass coal
preparation mills will rise sharply.
The Kuzbass has 28 coal preparation mills with a total productivity
of 23,560,000 tons per year. Twenty-seven of these mills, with a yearly
productivity of 20,960,000 tons, clean coal for coking; and one mill,
with a yearly productivity of 2.6 million tons, cleans fuel coal. During
the 1959-1965 period, 15 coal-preparation mills with a total yearly produc-
tivity of 31+,820,000 tons will be built in the Kuzbass to prepare coal for
coking.
The Karaganda basin has six coal-preparation mills with a total
productivity of 5,860,000 [sic] tons per year. Five of these mills with
a yearly productivity of 1+,050,000 tons, prepare coal for coking, and one
mill, with yearly productivity of 1.8 million tons, prepares coal for fuel.
During the 1959-1965 period, the construction of five coal-preparation
mills is planned for the Karaganda basin. One of these, with a yearly
productivity of 9.3 million tons,. will be built at the Karaganda Metal-
lurgical Plant to prepare coal for coking, and the other four, with a yearly
productivity of 10.2 million tons, will prepare fuel coal.
Mining Equipment
CPYRGHT
NEW DEVICE FOR PROCESSING CUTTING BITS PRODUCED -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy,
15 May 60
The first automatic, rotary line in the USSR for the soldering and
eat treatment of the cutting bits of coal combines and cutters was put
into operation at the Krasnyy Luch Machine Building Plant in Luganskaya
-blast.
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IV. FERROUS METALLURGY
Ore Mining
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
ICPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
EXTRA DEEP MINE UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN URALS -- Moscow, Moskovskaya
Pravda, 24 May 60
The construction of a mine with a planned yearly capacity of 2.5
million tons of ore has been started near the settlement of Rudnichnyy
in the region of the Severo-Peschanskiy iron ore deposit, Sverdilovskaya
Oblast. Ore will be mined here f= a depth of more than 600 meters with
the aid of powerful drilling installations, underground crushers, and
excavators. This is the first time such a deep mine has been built in the
Urals.
MINING POTENTIAL INCREASES AT KURSK.MAGNETIC ANOMALY -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 May 60
Not long ago, it was estimated that the open-pit method of mining
would produce not more than 20-21 million tonsrof rich iron ore per
year in areas of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. At present, the potential
in this direction%has been considerably expanded. It is proposed to
extract at least 30-32 million tons per year by the open-pit method in
the Mikhaylovka, Staro-Oskol'skiy, and Novo-Oskol'skiy areas.
Moscow, Pravda, 20 Jun 60
The fourth Mikhaylovka mine complex has just been put into operation.
his will be one of the largest in the unique iron ore basin of the Kursk
agnetic Anomaly, having a planned capacity of 4.5 million tons of rich
iron ore per year to be mined by the open-pit method.
EXPLOITATIONS OF KERCH' ORE DEPOSITS -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 20 May 60
The Kamysh-Burunskiy deposit in the Kerch' area contains tremendous
amounts of ore with an iron content of about 40 percent, approximating
that of the Lorraine ore in France. At present, the easily concentrated,
so-called brown ore is being predominantly worked. It is being utilized
in metallurgical plants of the Donbass and the Central Region merely as
an additive to Krivoy Rog ore since the technology of smelting the metal
in Kerch' ore, which has a high content of phosphorus and arsenic com-
pounds, has not been completely mastered.
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CPYRGHT
The present extraction of Kerch' ore (3.9 million tons for 1959)
is small in view of the large reserves, estimated at 2 billion tons.
Further development of the iron industry of the Crimea depends first
of all on the development and mastery of the technology of concentrating
the "tobacco" variety of Kerch' ore. It is planned to build a large
metallurgical combine on the basis of the deposit and to turn the city of
Kerch' into a large ferrous metallurgical center-.
Concentration
CPYRGHT
NEW OLENEGORSK CONCENTRATING MILL SECTION STARTS PRODUCTION:-- Moscow,
Sovetskaya Rossiya, 4 May 60
On 1 May 1960, 2 months ahead of schedule, workers of the Olenegorsk.
Mine Administration put the fourth section of its concentraing mill into
operation. The first hundreds of tons of iron concentrate have already
been processed by the new,unit. The addition of the,new section has in-
creased the productive capacity of the Olenegorsk Mine Administration
by 600,000 tons of iron concentrate per year. The Cherepovets Metallurgical
Plant will receive more than 100,000 tons of concentrate above the plan
during 1960.
Blast Furnaces
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
LARGEST SIBERIAN BLAST FURNACE, BLOWN IN AT KUZNETSK COMBINE -- Moscow,
Izvestiya, 26 May 60
On 25 May 1960, the largest blast furnace in Siberia was blown in
at the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine. This blast furnace, as distinguished
from those already in operation; has three more powerful blast heaters
instead of the usual four. The gas pressure at the throat is twice as
great as in older types. Other innovations have also been adopted. The
operation of the new furnace will permit the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine
to increase its output of pig iron 25 percent.
BLAST FURNACE CONSTRUCTION PLAN PROGRESSES AT KARAGANDA PLANT -- Alma-
Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 22 May 60
Builders and assembly workers of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant
are preparing to put into operation blast furnace No 1 imeni )+0-letiye
VIKSM. Work is progressing on the construction of blast furnaceVo 2.
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Open-Hearth Furnaces.
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
USSR TO INCREASE NUMBER OF LARGE OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES -- Razvitiye Kon-
struktsiy Martenovskikh Pechey (Development of Designs of Open-Hearth
Furnaces), book by A. S. Lychagin, M..A. Chernenko, Moscow, 1960, p 5
In the near future the number of high capacity open-hearth furnaces
in the USSR will grow considerably. The majority of open-hearth furnaces
being remodeled will have a capacity of 500-600 tons.
Since an increase in the capacity of the furnaces is accompanied by
a reduction in capital outlay for construction, a rise in labor produc-
tivity, and a reduction in the consumption of refractory materials and'
fuel per ton of steel, there is a resulting drop in the production cost
of steel. Consequently, planning institutes are now at work on designs
for furnaces with capacities of 800 and 900 tons, It is planned to pour
the metal from the 800-ton furnaces into two ladles and that from the
900-ton furnaces into three.
SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE DESIGNS NEW HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE OPEN-HEARTH FURNACE
--
Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 15 May 60
At the IKhar'kov Giprostal' Scientific Research Institute, a plan
has been worked out for a new type of open-hearth furnace which is to
produce 3.9 million tons of steel per year. This is almost as much as
was obtained in all the metallurgical plants of Russia in 1913.
Rolling Mills
CPYRGHT
NEW ROLLING MILL STARTS OPERATION AT ORSK-KHALILOVO COMBINE -- Ashkhabad,
Turkmenskaya Iskra, 29 May 60
The builders of the Orsk-Khalilovo Metallurgical Combine have put'
into operation the largest 2800 rolling mill in Europe. This is the
first unit of the 100 important All-Union Komsomol structures to be
started.
A large number of complicated aggregates and mechanisms have been
installed in the shop. All production processes are mechanized or automated.
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CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
GGPYRGHT
CONSTRUCTION OF ZHDANOV ROLLING MILL SPEEDED UP -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 May 60
Work is being speeded up on the largest 1700 rolling mill in the
USSR, at the Zhdanov Metallurgical Plant imeni I1'ich. Every 24 hours,
twice as much construction and assembly work is completed here as at
the beginning of 1960.
MOST PRODUCTIVE COLD ROILING MILL SHOP IN THE WORLD BEGINS OPERATION --
Paris, L'Humariite, 28 Jun 60, p 2
Moscow, 22 June (by telephone) -- The most productive cold rolling
mill shop in the world has just been put into service near Lipetsk. The
metallurgical plant where these rolling mills are operating [Novo-Lipetsk
Metallurgical Combine) will soon become a combine comparable to the
entire Magnitogorsk metallurgical complex. The combine is equipped with
electric furnaces, installations for the continuous pouring of steel (one
in operation and the other being completed) and one hot rolling mill.
The cold rolling shop, which was built in 1 1/2 years by 5,000 workers,
will produce tens of thousands of tons of steel plate each year. The
two rolling mills which have been installed in the shop and which need
to be tended by only a few technicians are a five-stand rolling mill and
a reversing rolling mill.
CHEREPOVETS SHEET MILL CONDUCTS TEST RUN -- Moscow, Pravda, 24 Jun 60
On 22 June 1960 a hot test run of the 1700 sheet mill at the
Cherepovets Metallurgical plant was conducted. The first slab was
rolled on the six stands in front of the reeling section and the
aggregates for transverse cutting. Sheet metal 1.8 mm thick and 1.5
meters wide was obtained. A cold test run of the complex engineering
equipment gill be made in subsequent units. The start of operations
of the 1700 sheet mill is a big step in completing the construction of
the sheet rolling shop which will be the largest not only in the USSR bu
also in Europe.
SECOND BLOOMING MILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION AT KUZNETSK COMBINE -- Riga,
Sovetskaya I tviya, 12 May 60
Construction of a second blooming mill has been started at the
Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine.. The new 1150 mill, being made by the
Orsk Yuzhuralmash Plant and the Sverdlovsk Uralmash Plant will be com-
pletely automated. Television installations will be used to observe
the technological process. Work of the operators will be greatly
lightened, their functions being reduced to observation of the activity
of the automatic devices which control the gigantic aggregate.
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CPYRGHT
When this mill starts operating in 1961, the production of rolled
stock at the enterprise will be increased 60 percent.
Iron and Steel Production
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
PRODUCTION COEFFICIENTS HIGH AT MAGNITOGORSK COMBINE -- Moscow, Sovetskaya
Rossiya, 24 May 60
Workers at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine are now producing
one ton of pig iron for every 0.608 cu m of,the working volume of their
blast furnaces and 9.22 tons of steel per square meter of hearth area of
the open-hearth furnaces.
PRODUCTION OF CLAD STEEL -- Moscow, Pravda, 16 Jun 60
The Alchevskiy Metallurgical Plant imeni Voroshilov has started
to put out a new product, a two-layer steel. Thin slabs of stainless
steel are covered with a thick layer of ordinary carbon steel and the
slabs are then sent to the rolling mill.
A bimetallic sheet is obtained which has all the properties of
stainless steel and is only half as expensive. Such steel finds
extensive use, particularly in the petroleum refining, chemical, and
cellulose industries.
Coke
CPYRGHT
QUALITY OF COKE DETERIORATES IN SOVIET EAST -- Moscow, Koks i Khimiya,
No 5, May 6C , p 6
During recent years, the quality of coke at metallurgical enter-
prises of the Soviet East has deteriorated notably. Its mechanical
toughness has decreased an average of 4-6 kg, based on the residue
in a large [test] drum, and its ash content has increased 0.6-0.7 per-
cent. Figures for individual enterprises are given in the following
table:
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CPYRGHT
Mechanical Toughness
of Coke, Based on
Residue in Large
Drum (kg)
Ash Content of Coke
W
_
Enterprise
195
1922
12
.
Magnitogorsk
Metallurgical
Combine
322
322
11.5
11.8
Chelyabinsk
Metallurgical
Plant
321
315
10.8
11.7
Nizhniy Tagil
Metallurgical
Combine
1st block of
coking ovens
323
319
.10.1
11.2
2d, block of
coking ovens
--
291.
-
10.6
Orsk-Khalilovo
Metallurgical
Combine
305
308
12.4
12.5
Kuznetsk
Metallurgical
Combine
328
321+
10.1+
11.1
Kemerovo
Coke-Chemical
Plant
305
298
10.6
11.1
Metallurgical Equipment
CPYRGHT
FIRST USSR-MADE ROTATING FURNACE -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 1 May 60
The Zhdanov Heavy Machine Building Plant has completed the first
USSR-made rotating furnace for roasting lean iron ore. It has a produc-
tivity of 40 tons/hr.
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METALLURGICAL CRANES -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
15 Apr 60
CPYRGHT
The Amurlitmash Plant has recently organized the production of over-
head traveling cranes.
Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 13 Apr 60
CPYRGHT
The Domodedovo Machinery Plant is currently producing KD-20,000
air conditioners. The plant is also preparing for the production of
SKK-IPR air conditioners to operate on AC in the cabs of metallurgical
cranes. In 1960, air conditioners of this type will be produced with
adapters for operation on DC.
NEW TUBE-DRAWING MILL -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
1 May 60
CPYRGHT
The Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building Plant has completed a new tube-
drawing mill with a capacity of 75 tons. It is designed for the produc-
tion of nonferrous tubes from 160 to 400 mm in diameter.
INSTITUTE ORGANIZED AT URAIMASH PLANT -- Moscow, Pravda, 24 May 60
CPYRGHT
For the first time in the USSR a new institute, the Scientific
Research Design and Technological Institute for Heavy Machine Building
(NIITYaZh MASh), has been organized at an enterprise, the Sverdlovsk
Uralmash Plant. It is based on the plant's old and newly organized,
design divisions, central laboratory divisions, and branches of techno-
logical services.
The plant also has a division for mechanization and automation of
manufacturing processes,r.and three technical commissions. In addition,
communal design bureaus and bureaus of economic analysis are being de-
eloped extensively at the plant. Commissions for implementing the
right of party organizations to check-on plant administration have
become the true guiding forces for technical progress at the plant.
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V. NONFERROUS METALLURGY
Copper
RECENTLY EXPLORED REGION IN ALTAYSXIY KRAY PRODUCES COPPER ORE -- Moscow,.
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 May 60
Copper ore is already being produced by the open=pit system in the
Pokrovskiy region in Altayskiy Kray where exploration for
copper ore was
only recently completed. The ore is processed at the Irtysh Copper Smelt-
ing Plant with t
CPYRGHT
ou preliminary concentration.
Polymetaliic ores have also been found near the Irtysh [PolymetalsI
Combine. Analysis has revealed that they have 4 high content of copper,
lead, and zinc.
The Tishinskiy Deposit in Altayskiy Kray is especially valuable
since one ton of ore from that deposit contains as much metal as 6 tons
mined in other mines.
COPPER SMELTING PLANT INTRODUCES NEW MACHINE -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 13 May 6o
C:PYRGHT
The Irtysh Copper Smelting plant was the first plant in the Kazakh
SSR to put into operation a high-capacity machine for casting blister
copper.
KAZAKH COPPER PLANT USES OXYGEN-ENRICHED BLASTS -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 28 May 6o
Metallurgists of the Irtysh Copper Smelting Plant were the first
n the nonferrous metallurgical industry of the Kazakh SSR to prove the
CPYRGHT igh degree of efficiency obtained from the use of oxygen-enriched
lasts in copper-smelting blast furnaces. The innovation increased
urnace productivity 10 percent, although only one sixth as much coke
as used.
The plant has completed the automation of the controlling and feeding
f oxygen-enriched blasts into converters; and the pouring of copper
Into molds has been mechanized.
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COPPER-CHEMICAL COMBINE ADDS PRODUCTION OF WIRE BARS -- Yerevan,
Kommunist, 31 May 6o
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
The Alaverdi Copper-Chemical combine has begun the production of
copper wire-bars with a high surface finish. As a result of the production
of these new wire bars, plants producing copper cables will be able to
manufacture products of a higher quality.
Aluminum
CONSTRUCTION OF UNIT FOR ALUMINA PRODUCTION UNDER WAY -- Moscow,
Stroitel?naya Gazeta, 11 May 60
Builders of the Paviodar Aluminum Plant have begun the construction
of a complex of structures which will be devoted to the production of
lumina. The unit will consist of 28 shops.
KAZAKH SSR TO EXPAND ALUMINA PRODUCTION -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 11 May 60
CPYRGHT
New nonferrous metallurgical enterprises scheduled for completion
during the Seven-Year Plan in the Kazakh SSR include the Paviodar
Aluminum and Alumina Plant, in which the processes involved in obtaining
aluminum and alumina will be mechanized. The alumina shop of the plant
will contain more than 20 buildings and structures.
The first section of the alumina plant is scheduled for operation
in 1962, with alumina output planned for early 1963. The plant will be
in full operation by the end of the Seven-Year Plan.
CPYRGHT
USSR PRODUCES COBALT IN NORTH SIBERIA -- Moscow, Pravda, 1 Jul 6o
Cobalt has been discovered in the polar region of the USSR near
Noril'sk where the Mining and Metallurgical Combine imeni A. P.
Zavenyagin has erected the first semiautomatic installation in the
world for the "extractive separation" of heavy metals.
The purity of the cobalt being produced by the combine has
exceeded expectations.
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Powder Metallurgy
PLANT PRODUCES ARTICLES FROM POWDERED WASTE METAL -- Moscow, Vechernyaya
G?
Moskva 16 M
ay
CPYRGHT
The plant for manufacturing locking devices of the Administration
of the Metalworking Industry of the Moscow City Executive Committee is
the first in the RSFSR to use metal waste products for power from which
to form finished products.
Metal powder is pressed in special molds which produce completed
articles without additional processing. The plant is now producing-2O
different articles-made from metal powder.
3$
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