USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000100020015-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: November 9, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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USSR
ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION
EQUIPMENT
,Number 15
9 November 1959
z a~ ~ sY a ?_---=~
DOC --~ ~ --' REV D DPI _~---' TYPL ~--~-
ORIG COMP _------- RtY 04A15 ----
ORiG CLASS .~--- PAGg3 .~ E A~SN1 N8 10~~
JUST ~- '--=--~- NEX1 REY r------_""
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Foreign Documents Division
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
Russian-language publications as indicated. It is~proriuCedand
disseminated as an aid to United States Government research.
USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION Fl~UIPMENT
Page
I.
Items of Special Interest
1
A,
B.
C .
D.
E.
Electronic Equipment Production
Thermoelectric Generator
New' Plants
Shortages
Corrupt Practices
1
1
1
1
2
II.
Electronic Equipment
~
A,
Printed Circuits; Automation
~+
B.
Transistorization
6
C.
Components
7
D.
Prices
~
E,
Television
8
F.
Radios
1O
G.
Recording Equipment
11
III.
IV'
Computors
ments
I
tr
12
16
.
ns
u
A.
General
16
B.
Electrical Instruments
16
C.
Industrial Controls
17
D.
Test Instruments
17
E.
Radioactivity Measuring Devices
18
F'.
Optical Equipment
19
id _
Fl P
uri c~~.l Pr~c3>c^tg
21
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I. ITEMS C)F SPECIA.L INTEREST
A. Electronic Equipment Production
From 1g~+8 to 1g57, the industrial output of the Soviet Union was
more than quadrupled. The production of radioelectronic equipment,
however, was increased more than 18-fold during this period. -- V. I.
Siforov (Moscow, Nauchnyye Doklady Vysshey Shkoly: Radiotekhnika i
Elektronika, No 1, 1959, P 8)
B. Thermoelectric Generator
Workers of the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Urban
and Rural Telephone Communications have designed a thermoelectric
generator which burns ordinary "Saratov"-type gas derived from oil shale
(kerogaz). The experimental. model of the thermoelectric generator con-
sists ?f two independently operating sections of 18 watts' power each,
which are heated separately by two burners. This is the first time such
a power has been achieved.
The new type of heat transfer reduces heat losses and considerably
increases the efficiency of the `generator. (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya,
8 Aug 5g)
C. New Plants
The Yoshkar-Ola Electroautomatics Plant (Yoshkar-Olinskiy zavod elek-
troavtomatiki) has joined the ranks-of operating enterprises. The plant
has mastered the series production of a new automatic potentiometer for
use in metallurgical, chemical, and other branches of industry. (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 16 Aug 59)
Two new plants have been put into operation in the Georgian SSR.
These are an electrical engineering plant [in Shflrapani] which is pro-
ducing batteries and the Kaspi Electrical Equipment Plant. (Minsk,
Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 7 Aug 5g)
D. Shortages
The batteries for Turist portable radios are rated for 22 hours of
operation, but usually have a much shorter life. After they have been
expended, it is mare difficult to obtain .replacement batteries than it
is to win a Volga or Moskvich passenger ear in a lottery.
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The batteries go so quickly because they are made in Yelets, are
sent to the Voronezh cultural goods base, and then to Rigs, where they
are installed in the receivers. Then the radios are sent all over the
USSR, andr by the time they reach the purchaser, the batteries are worn
down.
The Moscow Mosmuzradio Plant claims to repair Turist radios, but
does-not provide batteries for them.
The leaders of the trade organization should come to an agreement with
industry and arrange for the production of sufficient quantities of
batteries. (Moscow, Krokodil, 30 Aug 59, p 11)
The Samarkand Kinap Plant produces an insufficient quantity of
selenium rectifiers.. -Only 20 percent of the requirements of new movie
theaters for rectifiers was met in 1958, and only::3Q;p.er~ent is being
met in 1859.
The Samarkand and Moscow sovnarkhozes, which are in charge of plants
producing selenium rectifiers, selenium discs, 4-volt 3-watt reading lamps,
and xenon lamps, should try to effect a considerable increase in the out-
put of these products so as to satisfy the needs of the motion-picture
networks in 1959 at least. (Moscow, Kinomekhanik, Aug 59, p 3~)
E. Corrupt Practices
One of the plants [unidentified] subordinate to the Leningradskiy
Sovnarkhoz began the production of new Zarya television sets. For
a long time, the products of Leningrad industry had enjoyed a good re-
putation, and people began buying the new television sets with confidence.
Saon the customers discovered that the sets were of poor quality. A
group of Moscow specialists believed that the Zarya should be taken out
of production.
A special inspection team of the chairman of the Leningradskiy
Sovnarkhoz conducted an investigation and found poor production organi-
zation, willful violations of technological methods, and a lack of proper
quality control. However, the Zarya had one quality not usual for
electronic equipment: it could disappear from the finished products
storeroo~ .:without leaving a trace in the plant's till.
If a leading personality of the radio engineering administration
of the sovnarkhoz came to the plant, he would be given a good television
set as a bribe. If the person wavered, he would. be told: "Even Comrade
Grigor'yev,-the chief of your administration has given permission to do
this."
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Another plant [Leningrad Plant imeni Kozitskiy], the producer of the
more expensive and better Znamya-5Q television set, adopted the same
"'I'V' giveaway" habit. The free television sets earned great popularity
among officials of the Administration of Radio Engineering Industry, such
as Murashenko, Fedorov, and Rautsen, and leading personnel ~f other
administrations, such as Labut, Pavlova, Laptev, and Kirillyuk. Zarin,
chief accountant of the sovnarkhoz, also acquired a Znamya-5$ television
set at the same time that he was enforcing financial discipline at plants.
Other persons obtained two or three sets apiece, such as Neshcha~,imov,
chief technologist of an administration, and Zholdakov and Vismont, both
deputy chiefs of administrations.
Workers of the inspection team calculated that 15p,0~0 rubles in
state funds had been purloined in this manner. In a few months of 1959
alone, 85,040 rubles' worth of Znamya-58 television sets were given away.
It is not known what would have been the consequences of the investi-
gation had the Commission of Soviet Control of the Council of Ministers
USSR not become interested in the "'I'V giveaway" affair. A housecleaning
resulted, and a special order from Afanas'yev, chairman of the Leningrad-
skiy Sovnarkhoz, was issued. Although the plant directors promised to
make amends, nothing was said about correcting the dishonest, immoral
atmosphere of the entire dealings. -- M. Lanskoy (Moscow, Krokodil,
1D Sep 59, gp 8-9j
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A. Printed Circuits; Automation
In improving the production of electroiaic components, Soviet scientists
and engineers have progressed from conventional three-dimensional assembly
of apparatus to the so-called "printed circuitry" method.
The use of p~?inted circuits in the Start television set makes it
possible to solder 300 points in 8 seconds. In conventional three--dimeb.-
sional assembly, it takes 8 seconds to solder one. point. In the produc-
tion of Kristall radio receivers, x+50 connections are soldered in a few
seconds.
The old conventionally assembled Luch television set measured 6~+O~x
x+35 x x+1+0 mm and weighed 38 kg. Tts present-day equivalent, the Mart,
measures 380 x 1+10 x 39o mm and weighs 21,kg. It takes 6.man-hours less
to produce a Start than it did to make a I,ueh.
New models of radio receivers based on printed circuits have been
developed, including the Volna, Dorozhnyy, and Moskvich. Printed circuit
plates for Kx?istall receivers~whieh were exhibited at the Bruss~~s Fair,
are being produced.
Use of the new printed circuit methods has made it possible to cut
labor cpnsumption by 36 percent in the annual production of 1+00;000 Mosk-
vich radio receivers. In addition, industry has been freed from the pro-
duction of 3.6 million resistors, l02 million tube panels, and 800,000
contact blocks.
~It has been possible toydevelop flat chokes for the intermediate
frequency filters of television sets in place of bulky and unreliable
three-dimensional chokes. Printed flat wave guides can replace cumber-
some'expensfve wave-guide designs and can bring about; a 50-percent weight
reduction, with a production cost amounting to only one percent of the
cost_of producing~a three-dimensional wave guide. -- Engr T. Dmitriyeva
(Moscow, Lesnaya Promyshlennost; 18 Jul 59)
Considerable work in automation and mechanization has been done at
a number of leading enterprises of the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz. For
example, the printed circuit assembly method has been used on a wide
scale in the USSR for the first time at one of the plants of our
economic region which produces Start television sets.. This has made it
possible to mechanize and, in some operations, to automate production.
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Printed circuit assembly has a great advantage over regular three-
dimensional circuitry, since it provides high mechanical strength and
vibration resistance in the equipment, eliminates, assembly. mistakes in
mass or large series production, simplifies assembly operations, and cuts
production casts. Because of this, the plant in a short time has mastered
the production of printed circuits and has created a new television set
based on these circuits. This set has already received recognition
from television viewers.
-The new Start-2~televisi:.on set, which has a 220- x 290-mm screen,
and is based on printed circuits, weighs only 20 kg. On the other. hand,
the Luch television set formerly produced by the plant, with a 180- x
2~+0-mm screen, weighed ~+0 kg. The new set has an input of 130 watts as
compared to 210 watts of the old-set.
The Start-2 television set consists of three platesa the horizontal
sweep plate; the vertical sweep plate; and the intermediate frequency
amplifier, law-frequency amplifier, and video amplifier plate. The
plates are made of K21-22 plastic powder on a mechanized constant-flow
line developed by plant workers. The conductive layex ie applied on
the plate-with a special chemical-electroplating unit. The plant also
developed a unit for applying insulating paint, and his developed and
put int? use a semiautomatic horizontal furnace for relieving internal
stresses in the plates, a unit far photoprinting circuits,~and an auto-
matic-for mounting components on the plate. The plant uses dip-solder-
ing to fasten components onto the p~.ate.
The Pavloskiy Posad Electrical machinery Plant (Pavlovo-Posadskiy
eiektromekhanicheskiy, zavod), another Moskovskaya Oblast plant, is striv-
ing to organize the mass production of capacitors.. It has developed,
produced, and put into operation 'a special automatic for inspecting
e~.pacitors according to three capacitance ratings..,
wring the past-3 years, the Pavlovskiy Posad plant has developed
about 100 types of new automatics, semi&'~tomatics; and machines and
has produced more than 500 pieces of equipment. The plant has developed
Constant-flow mechanized lines for the production of mica and paper
capacitors.
By 1961, the plant expects to develop four automatic lines. for
performing all production and checking operations in the manufacture of
mica, glass-enamel, and plastic film capacitors. The productivity of
the automatic-glass-enamel capacitor line will be 300,OC30 capacitors
per shift. It will be 33 meters long and will be controlled from a cen-
tral panel. Three workers per shift will be needed to operate it.
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xn instrument making, and in automatic control and regulation circuits,
semiconductors are being used on an ever-increasing scale. They will be
used for many purposes in electric drive cir-euits, in the. manufacture of
machinery and electric motors, in chaagng units, in electrolytic and elec-
troplatin~ processes, and for other purposes. Power semiconductors rated
for.10-15 kw and over have been designed and are being produced in the
USSR, Such a device measures 55 x 300 mm .without terminals. Semiconduc-
tor devices with powers of 50-60 kw will soon be put into production.
At one of the plants [unidentified] of the Moscow ob~ast Sovnarkhoz
where semiconductor diodes are mass-produced, automatic units, lines,
and sections are being. developed on a large scale. The plant will there-
by increase Sts output- of diodes and raise their quality.
Workers of the enterprises of the radioeleetronies industry of the
Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz will do their best to ful~fi],l the resolution of
the June Plenum of the Central Committee CPSU. -- N..`Pokrovskiy, Deputy
.Chief, Technical Administration, Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz (Moscow, Radio,
Aug ~9s Pp 5-~)
Transistarization
During the past year, the mass production. of high-freq~.ency transis-
tors,,including P-402 and P-403 transistors, was begun in the USSR. The
P-~-02'and E'-403 transistors operate well on high frequencies up to the ul-
trashort-waveband. Many radio plants have utilized the new transistors
to develop a number of models of radio receivers-for series production.
An attempt to organize the mass production of transistor radios has been
made at one of the plants of the Saratovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
Despite these achievements, the general situation with transistorized
receivers is unsatisfactory. Usually, small plants or plants without
sufficient experience in the production of radiob~"oa,dcast receivers
strive to master the production of new transistorized radio equipment.
As far as such leading USSR pls.nts as the [Riga] VEF? Plant and the
Voronezh-and Murom radio plants are concerned, none of them has ventured
to take the first step. Of course, it is always easier for them to make
vacuum tube receivers. But how many more of these receivers and amplifiers,
which are representative of the radio engineering of yesteryear, are going
to be produced?
Automobile radios are a good example. Multitube A-8 and A-12 radios
made by the Murom Radio Plant are still being installed 3.n the popular
Moskvich and Volga passenger cars. These rad3:os are equipped with cumber-
some, unreliable, vibrator converters. The Murom plant could have begun
producing new auto radios long ago which, if not fully transistorized,
could have had semiconductor audio-frequency amplifiers and voltage con-
verters.
-6
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However, the management of the Murom Radio Plant, very much like
the management of other plants engaged in the production of battery
.radios, is in no hurry to transistorize its products, but rather continues
to turn out obsolete vacuum tube equipment
2t is silly to try to explain away this situation by saying ths,t
series-producf~d transistors have unstable parameters? If a small enter-
prise such as the Moscow Hearing-Aid Equipment Plant has been able to
produce several thousand transistorized h~:aring aids per month for mare
than 2 years already, what is keeping large enterprises, of the radio in-
dustry from using transistors?
For some reason, the State Committee for RadioeleG'bronics of the
Council of Ministers USSR, which is occupied in earnest with the develop-
went of new transistvrs~ maintains a puzzling passivity. with regard to
their utilization in radio equipment far the populace* (Moscow, Radiv~
~.ug 59~ p ~) '
C. Components
.USSR industry produces a large variety o~ ferrite cares of various
shapes. Ferrite of barium, which is a highly coercive material, is
used for making permanent magnets. Low-coercivity ferrites are used
mainly for making cares used in alternating=current circuits.. The latter
are divzded into the following groups;
Nickel-zinc ferrites with magnetic permeability from ~~ gauss
oersted to 2,400 gauss~aersted,
Manganese-zinc ferrites with permeability from 1,000 gauss oersted
to 3,400 gauss~oersteda
Ferrites with rectangular hysteresis loapst which are used in
electronic computers.
Ferrites for superhigh frequencies.
Nickel-zinc ferrites and, in part, manganese-zinc ferrites have
mainly begin put in use in radio apparatus for the populace.
(Source gives information on the properties of several kinds of
ferrite cores.) (,Moscow, Radio, 1~ug 59: p 55)
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~. Prices
The Central Trade Base of Posyltorg [All-Union Mail Order Office)
will ship the following goods o~. order to private citizens:
Goads
Price (rubles)
Rekord radio receiver
339
Kazan'-57 radio-phonograph
57~+
Ural-57 radio-phonograph
9~+5
Muromets radio-phonograph
9~+5
Yauza tape recorder
1,8+3
One redl (180.. meters) of tape for Yauza recorder
2~+
One reel~(35O)meters) of tape for El'fa recorder
38
Yubileynyy eleetri:c phonograph
367
The prices shown. include shipping costs. Orders should be addressed
to Moscow, Ye-126, Aviamotornaya ulitsa, 5t1. -- Advertisement (Kiev,
Pravda Ukrainy, l~+ Aug 59)
A 4P1L oscillator tube-retails for 20 rubles; a 6F1P triode-pentode
..tube retails for 21 rubles. (Moscow, Byulleten' Rozriichnykh Tsen,
No~22, Aug 59, P 21)
Television
Radio engineering enterprises of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz have
sta,~ted series production of mobile television statiohs for use at tele-
vision centers. Semiconductor devices, miniature tubes and parts, .and
printed circuits are used in these stations. Anew domestically produced
camera tube of improved quality is being installed in the cameras for
the first time< Portable equipment permits simultaneous transmission
from six microphones. A special camera can be used`at distances up to
300 meters. All equipment of the mobile station is installed in ZIL-158
bus<
lYaexncbiLetelevs~n'si~ti.on.ers high-quality transmission of both sound
and image, {Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, l~+ Aug 5g)
The Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz has developed the new Komsomolets
television set for mass production in 1960. This 12-channel 14-tube re-
ceiver has a type 3SLK2B picture tube with a 285-.~x"_al5-mm screen. The
set consists of six easily dismountable functional units which have printed.
circuits formed by etching foil-covered "getinaks" laminated plastic<
These .printed units are fastened to a vertical chassis and are securely
interconnected.
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The Komsomolets is the first domestically produced television receiver
to consist of functional units which can be manufactured and adjusted in-
dependently. Units with standardized electrical and structural character-
istics are fully interchangeable. This use. of functional units not only
results in improved production and quality of the sets, but also simplifies
repair and maintenance.
The acoustical system of this set consists of a type 1-GD-9 speaker
placed face down in the bottom of the cabinet. The sound is then directed
to the viewer via a sound cone with the opening facing the franc of the
-set. This arrangement provides sound frequencies from 200 to 8,000
cycles per second and a sound pressure of 205 bars at a rated power of one
watt. Sensitivity of the set is at least 200 microvolts horizontal
resolution is x+50 lines at the center and 350 lines at the edges and
verticle resolution is x+00 lines at the center and 350 lines at the edges.
The two knobs for brightness control and on-off volume control are
at the front corners of the cabinet, and the remainder of the controls are
on the side panels. A special brightness-control circuit (ARYa) ensures
constant image brightness during contrast adjustment. Other novel circuits
ensure stable synchronization, adequate protection against interference,
and well interlaced scanning. The horizontal and vertical sweep circuits
employ standard units.
The Komsomolets can operate from any 110-, 127-, or 220-volt 50-
cycle circuit, Input power is 120 watts. The small size (500 x 335 x 3$5 )
and light weight (17 kg) of the set are made possible by the use of minia-
ture tubes, semiconductor diodes, small parts, and printed circuits.
(Moscow, Npvyye Tovary, No 7, 19599 p 3)
One of the plants of the Krasnoyarskiy Sovnarkhoz [Krasnoyarsk
Television Plant?] is producing the 12-channel Yenisey-2 television set,
which utilizes 16 tubes, $ semiconductor diodes, and a 35LK2:B 2$Cl- x 210-
mm picture tube. The set's sensitivity is at least 200 microvolts, selec-
tivity with regard to the adjacent channel is at 1?~ast 20 dec~bles. Image
definition is ~+00~350 lines horizontally and x+50/350 lines vertically.
The Yenisey-2 is supplied from a 127- or 220-volt AG circuit and uses
not more than 150 watts of power4 Its cabinet measures 525 x x+50 x x+15
mm, and the set's weight is not over 2~+ kg.
(Source gives detailed information on the Yenisey-2.) (Moscow,
Radio, Aug 59, p 42
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Ko Io Samoylikov, a radio designer and skilled radio fan. from Noginsk,
has designed the new Malyutka pocket television set (1)o Tt weighs one
seventh as much as the Start television set, which weighs 21 kg and is one
of the lightest television set in the USSRo The Malyutka measures 130 x
1$0 x 210 mm9 it has about one thirteenth the volume of the Starte
The Malyutka utilizes six semiconductors and nine midget tubes, and
can be supplied from any electrical circuit or from a ~-vQlt batterya It
consumes ~+5 wattso The screen is about the same size as a matchboxo
Besides working on the circuitry of his new television set, Samoylikov
made the chassis of duralumin and a cabinet of a sheet of polyvinyl plastic
banded with two stainless steel stripso
Samoylikov is a prominent amateur and specialist in his fieide His
original tape recorder, field television receiver, measuring instruments,
and other equipment have been exhibited many times at all-union radio-
amateur exhibitionsa -- ~o Moiseyev (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 1~ Aug
59)
(1) Photo available in source9 p ~+, middle, left
Fo Radios
The Sarapul Radio Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze is producing the Ural-57
table-model radio-phonograph consisting of s. six-tube AM superheterodyne
receiver and a record player for regular and ?~P recordse
The receiver is designed fox? operation in the 150-x+15-kc, 52?-l,(00-
kc, 3x95-7o5 mc, and 907-1200-mc wave bandsa Its sensitivity in the long-
and medium-wave bands is at least 150 microvolts, and in the short-wave
bands, at least 250 microvolts, with an output of 50 milliwatts and a signal-
noise ratio of 20 decibelso Sensitivity on the phonograph socket is 1~0-
180 millivoltso Ad,~acent channel selectivity with 10 kc of detuning is
more than 26 decibels in the long- and short-wave bandso
(Source gives additional information on this seto) (Moscow, Radio,
Jul 599 PP 20-21)
In recent times, USSR industry has produced a number of miniature
radio receivers, but their owners know how difficult it is at times to
obtain spare power s?urces for theme
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The TsS is a new transistor receiver (2). Its first models have
been produced by a cultural goods factory of the Central Union of Consumer
Cooperatives. This small, light, and cheap radio can be powered continue.
uously for 30 hours by an ordinary flashlight battery. (Moscow, Ogonek,
No 36, Aug 599 p 20)
(2) Fhato available in source, p 20, top, left
G. Recording Equipment
The Leningrad Kinap Plant has produced the new KZM-7 four-channel
magnetic sound recording unit, which is built up of standard blocks.
The blocks were developed by the plant in collaboration with the Central
Design Bureau of the Ministry of Culture USSR.
The new recorder has a tape speed of x+56 mm~sec and ~ytype-2:~.~bape
with a maximum roll length of 320 meters.
(Source gives additional information on and photographs of this
recording unit.) (Moscow, Tekhnika Kino i Televideniya, Aug 59, p 17)
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III. cor~vTERS
V. Ivanov and A. Chelyuskin, workers of the I?x~.stitute of Automatics
of the Academy of Sciences USSR, and R. Golovkin, head of the laboratory
of the Moscow Pipe Plant, have developed an electronic computer which
has fully automated the regulation of the process of pipe welding-with
respect. to variations in the thickness of the metal strip and temperature
of the weld seamo
As the metal strip enters the tube forming mill, its thickness is
constantly measured by a device using X rays. Any irregularity is recorded
in the memory unit of the computer. As the irregularity approaches the
welding unit, a thermocouple feeds data on the temperature of the seam
into the computer. The computer instantaneously processes the data re-
ceived from both sources, computes the appropriate change in operating
regime, and transmits the new regime to the welding unit, thus maintain-
ing a uniform quality of weld over the entire length of the pipeo
This apparatus has been installed in the Moscow Pipe Plant and will
soon be put into industrial operation. 5imilax~ automatic devices are
being installed in the Dnepropetrovsk Pipe Plant imeni I.,enin. (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-~Ekonomicheskaya Gazetae 16 Aug 59
Workers of the Stal'proyekt Institute [State All-Union Institute for
Planning Units of Steel Foundry and Rolling Equipment] and the Penza InN
statute of Computing and Analyzing Machines, together with engineers of
the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine, have developed an experimental
model of a computer to be used on Blooming Mill No x+50 in Magnitogorsk
for instantaneously determining the Length of blooms and controlling ~?9he
shears for cutting them accurately without stopping the movement of the
metal. (Kiev, Pravda Ultrainy, 16 Aug 59,
According to I. S. Brisk, Corresponding Member of the Academy of
Sciences USSR and director of the Institu-~e,of Electronic Control M?~chin~n
cry of the Academy of Sciences USSR, the institute has already recomanended
extensive utilization of electronics in economic planning and industrial
management, and is currently specializing in the development of high-speed
digital computers for these purposes.
The ~,nstitute has already gained considerable experience in the ap-
plication of high-speed electronic machines to planning. A method has
been devised for formulating plans for supplying coal, cement, and other
industrial materials to cLz.stant parts of the country while taking trans?
portation costs into account. This type of analysis has been applied
in particular to the supply of coal to Siberia.
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Until now, all calculations connected with the solution of individual
planning problems have been performed on the Soviet N!-2 machines, but the
institute is currently prepared to develop machines especially adapted to
planning. Such a machine is being designed and will be produced domesti-
cally.
The introduction of semiconductors and other techinical innovations
permits the development of smaller and more compact computers with greater
operating speeds. Backed by Gosplan USSR, the institute is devoting con-
siderable attention to the introduction of such digital computers into the
various branches of the national economy. ,Many planning and construction.
organizations and metallurgists have expressed interest in them, and they
are in particular demand for automation of the management and maintenance
of the economic schedules in the production and distribution of electric
pawex, which will save several hundred million rubles per year, This is
substantiated by experience. For example, the use of computers in plan-
ping the platform supports of the Bratskaya GES {Hydroelectric Power
Station) resulted in saving many tons of metal. .(Moscow, Moskov"skaya
Pravda, 7 Aug 59}
Under the direction of Prof T. N. So~.olov, scientists of the Chair
of Mathematical and Computing Devices and Installations of the Leningrad
Polytechnic Institute imeni i~alinin have developed a constant-action
cybernetic computer which will replace several dozen calculating inachineso
This new machine will be used for research in the fields of aerodynamics
and hydrodynamics.
The computer almost instantaneously performs the operations of inte-
gration and differentiation and multiplication by a constant coefficient;
solves nonlinear relations of the trigonometric function type, and per-
forms other functions.
The new design of this electromechanical computer is distinguished
from currently used similar computing devices in that it can perform a
considerably greater number of operations. (Tashkent, Pravda Vastoka~
16 Aug 59)
Certain experimental operations have shown that electronic computers
designed for solving mathematical problems encountered in scientific re-
search and engineering calculations, such as the Ural, Strela, and M-3,
are not suitable for the mechanization of many economic calculations,
Their utility value drops considerably when they are used far the aver-
all mechanization of accounting and planning at industrial enterprises,
in banking systems, in solving central supply problems, and other such
applications.-
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It takes more than 30 hours to assess 15,000 work orders on the Ural
computer and more than 100 hours on the M-3. Hundreds of hours of contin-
uous operation are required far these machines to make all computations
connected with labor and wage accounting in a large industrial enterprise.
The strela computer is much better for such operations, which it performs
at a speed of 2y000 additions per second. Even in this case, the necessary
speed for accounting calculations is not achieved.
The poor results of automating accounting and planning calculations
by using so-called universal high-speed computers are determined by the
specifics of the data-processing operations in such calculations. To
design high-speed computers capable of effectively mechanizing accounting
and planning ealeulationss it is necessary to analyze standard computation.
operations far accounting and planning and to make requirements for the
specifications of such machines based on this analysis. (Moscow, Voprosy
Ekonomiki, Jul 598 p 3~)
The Kursk Schetmash Plant is organizing production of two-counter
VI~2>~ automatic multikey calculating machines and ~.'-2 semiautomatic cal-
culating machines, both of which perform all four arithmetical functions
and combinations of functions. The machines are 17-column types.
Howevers although the national economy is in sore need of such ma-
chines, the plant has produced very few of them during 1959. The high
technical and cultural standards essential to series production of cal-~
culating machines are not observed at the Schetmash plants where the
production process is disrupted, there is no definite system of account-
ing and checkinge imperfect parts often reach the assembly stage, and
cleanliness is not observed.
BuY?ing196Q8, the plant must increase its output of calculating ma-
chines to several times the present levele but is not yet prepared to
do this. Of 58000 units of equipment (osnastka, needede only 3,000 have
been designed and manufactured.
The plant has not yet recieved authorization for acquiring the pre-
cision automatic lathesf grinding and milling machines, and presses for
increasing the production of new calculating machines in 1~5g and estab:~
lishing the required reserve of parts. As a rule' the plant is not sup-
pl~ed with the materials called far in design and manufacturing ,-j-~
specifications.
NI2Schetmash [Scientific Research Institute of Computer Machine Bui1d?
in~]~ the main branch institute which has aided the plant in the paste has
.discontinued all work connected with calculating machines of this class,
and there are no other organizations concerned with design and technologi-
cal developments in this field. This has given rise to the necessity of
establishing a special design and technological bureau at the Kursk
Schetmash Plant.
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Construction is going badly on the second industrial building of the
plants where the new production of calculating machines is to be located.
The plant management and director Korchevskiy in particular do not
display the proper urgency in the solution of pertinent problenw.~ nor do
they seek the active assistance of higher organs.. Thusa the series pro-
duction of calculating machines has not been established. ':": :: '; .. .,
.,
~~ ~ . Th:~uSchetm~sh,~~lant"sta~ads -in. sore: need;of:im~iediate..as~istnnce from
thee:.~Kurskiy.;.So+rs~arklioz'~and :G~splan.:~S~~t~.:.~-. R.`:Rorna~oyj~Chief Designer
Kursk Schetmash Plant, and Others (Moscow, Izvestiya, 28 Aug 59)
The T-5M tabulator is produced within the ~dxninistration of Radio
Engineering Industry and Instrument Making of the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz.
(Moscow, Knizhnaya Letopis'~ No 37, 1959, p 50)
The I~eningradskiy Sovnarkhoz already has in operation 135 machine
accounting stations and bureaus serw~ing 162 enterprises. (Zeningrads}.~aya
Pravda, 13 Aug 59)
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Iv. ~sx~vr~~vTs
A. General
The following measuring instruments and measures have been approved
by the Committee-?on Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments of the
Council of Ministers USSR, for use in the USSRo
INi-13 modulation meter, made in the Gor"kovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
28 IM metering amplifier, made in the Vil?nyusskiy [Lithuanian?]
Sovnarkhoz.
RTs-1 disruptive testing machine for testing standard samples of
cement, made in the Kemerovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
R-512 variable capacitors made in the Kiyevskiy Sovnarkhoz.
~-539 portable wattmeter9 made in the Kiyevskiy Sovnarkhoz.
M-3079 panel voltmeters and ammeters, made in the Krasnodarskiy
Sovnarkhoz.
E-309 panel voltmeters and ammeters, made in the Krasnodarskiy
Sovnarkhoz.
TP4~,-10 through-type single-woi`~id current transformer with cast
insulation, made in the Sverdlovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
Karagach-2 battery-supplied roentgen meter for measuring doses
of gamma radiation, made in the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz.
. U524 unit for testing magnetically permeable materials, made in
the Kiyevskiy Sovnarkhoz.
SP-27 mercury-filled glass thermometers, made in the Moscow t7blast
Sovnarkhoz.
DR-l~ working dynamometers made in the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz have
been consolidated with the DR-3 and DR-8 dynamometers also made in the Mos-
cow City Sovnarkhoz. (Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, Aug 59, p 6~-)
B. Electrical Instruments
The Kiev Tochelektropribor Plant is the producer of the.D533 porta-
ble ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters. (Moscow, Knizhnaya I,etopis?,
No 37, 1959, p 35
- 16 m
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The Leningrad Vibrator Plant is the producer of the K-16 electrical
remote tachometers (P~oscow~ Kxiizhnaya Letopis'p No 37~ 1959 p 5a
The Vil'nyus Electric Meter Plant has a main assembly and adjustment
conveyer (3). (Moscow, Pravdat 11 Sep 59)
(3} Photo available in sources p 3, top
C. Industrial Controls
..Soviet scholars and engineers of the Central Scientific Research In-
stitute of Ferrous Metallurgy in close. cooperation with Tallin Experi-
niental Control and Measuring Instruments Plante have developed the MU-32
multichannel level gauge for measuring the level of ~riolten metal in closed
blast,furziaces with the aid of radioactive isotopes. Previously produced
instruments of this type were all two-channel devices and would thus per-
mit measurement at only two points. The new MiJ-32 instrument operates on
32 channels and will thus permit automatic measurement and control of the
level of blast-furnace charges.
According to preliminary calculations published by the Main Adminis-
tration on Uses of Atomic Energy under the Council of Ministers USSR, the
MU-32 instrument used together with other automatic devices will permit
a 2-percent increase in the productivity of blast furnaces. On a country-
wide scale' this would amount to about one million additional tons of
cast iron per year and a saving of about one billion rubles. (Tallinn
Sovetskaya Estoniya9 7 Aug 59)
Workers of the Central Laboratory of Automatics of the Ma.nistry of
Construction RSFSR have developed the new P'VTs-5256 instrument for deter-
mining the acidity and alkalinity of solutions during the process of pro-
ducing substances in the chemical and food industries,s where it is being
used extensively in the automation of production. (Moscowe Leninskoye
ZnEUnya, 15 Aug 59)
~. Test Instruments
Utilizing the fact that each product with a flaw in it has its own
specific wave patternp academician N. Akulov of the Academy of Sciences
Belorussian SSR and a group of scholars have developed a new vibrational
flaw detectors the basic units of which are a small hammers a transmitter
with vibrator attached, and a measuring instrument.
The hammer sets up local wave patterns within the test product and
these are picked up by the piezoelectric transmitter, which then creates
a voltage in the measuring instrument. A time relay and frequency fil-
ter prevent unwanted initial vibrations from registering on the instrument.
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This new dectector may be used for testing the quality of porcelain
and ceramic products, for measuring fluid levels in closed containers,
and for detecting corrosion in metal tanks, reservoirs, seagoing vessels,
etca
Tess have shown the device to be highly effective and ~~lependa,ble
in operations (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, l~+ Aug 59)
The Kharkov Transsvyaz' Plant is the producer of the URD-58 ultra-
sonic flaw detector, which was exhibited at the All-Union Exposition of
the Achievements of the PTational Economyo This instrument was developed
by the Flaw Detection Department of the All-Union Scientific Research In-
stitute of Railroad Transports
The type URA-52M ultrasonic flaw detector, which was formerly pro-
duced by the Transsvyaz' Plant, was designed for finding flaws only in the
butt ends of railsa The URD-58 cheeks whole rails thoroughlya
(Source gives additional information on ultrasonic flaw detectorsU)
(Moscow, Put 8 i Putevoye I{hozyaystvo, Aug 59, p 7)
The Tvanovo Testing Instrument Plant [Ivanovakiy zavod ispytatel?-
nykh priborov] has the following instruments on saleo the TSh-~ Brinell
hardness tester, K~2 twist tester, and MK-05 pendulum impact testing ma-
chinee
Orders are to be sent to the Administration of Material and Technical
Supply, with copies to the plant at Lezhnevskoye Shosse, Tvanovo, Oblastnoyeo
(Moscow, IzmeritelBnaya Tekhnika, Aug 59, p 26}
Eo Radioactivity Measuring Devices
The process of calculating radioactivity has not yet been automated
at existing industrial installations, which has resulted in great loss of
time and excessive harmful exposure of those working with radioactive ma~
terialso
Models of automatic instruments for calculating radioactivity-have been
developed in the Soil Institute of the Moldavian Branch of the Academy of
Sciences USSRa Vo V, Kotelev, head of the division of soil biology, and
La Aa Shakun, a technician9 have designed a new automatic which fully me?
chanizes this complex process and virtually eliminates the danger of ram
diationa This iristrument differs #?rom previous models in its simplicity
of design, dependability of operation9 and precision of measuremento Tt
will perform 50 types of calculations in a single setting and record the
results on paper tape. On completion of the calculation, the instrument
automatically stops and turns off the power,
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~'-,The instrument was recently submitted to a special commission in
Moscow for examination. A resolution has been adopted for the manu-
facture of ten experimental models and for turning the instrument over
for industrial production.
The commission concluded that this is the first automatic of its
type in the Soviet Union. The instrument is currently on display at the
Al7.mUnion Exposition of the Achievements 4f the National Economy.
The Xmray workshops of the Ministry of Health Moldavian SSR, together
with workers of the Moldavian Branch of the Academy of Sciences USSR,
have started Manufacturing experimental models of the new automatic in?
strument. (Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 7 Aug 59)
F . f7pt ical Ee~uipment
The Soviet photographic industry is expected to produce 1,570,E30~
cameras during 1959, which is ten times the number produced in 19~?,
The Start single-lens reflex camera, produced uy the Krasnogorsk
Machinery Plant, was discovered to have serious defects-only-after the
first cc~nsignme~nt had been released ta'.-,the .trade network, whereupon the
plant was. obliged to recall all unsold cameras for exchange and to guarm
antee exchange of all defective cameras already bought by consumers.
The Start camera. consists-of 550 optical and mechanical parts, of which
250 make up the focal-plane shutter.
A technical conference of representatives..of photographic equip-
ment plants was convened in Krasnogorsk in May 195q. Participants in
this conference resolved to produce in 1959-nine new camera models, to
develop and manufacture experimental models of l1 new camera models and
12 new types of photographie:~ccessories, and to organize the production
of eight new lenses.
In view of the several advantages and apparently ixicreasing popu-
larity of the between-the?lens or behind-the-lens leaf type shutters, it
is deemed-that the development of a good shutter of this type, probably
at st~me one of the timepiece plants,` is essential to the. proper develop-
ment of the Soviet photographic equipment industry.
Plastics are expected to play an ever-increasing role in the manu-
faeture of lenses, since the advantages of their application tend to
outweigh the several disadvantages. In fact,-the Salyut camera already
incorporates two parts-made of plexiglass. _.
~9
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Although domestically produced cameras are the least expensive in
the world, members of the trade organizations complain of the large
numbers of them left unsold in the stores. Phis is considered to be,
at least in part, the fault of the tradespeople themselves, for they
could be doing much mor"e than at present to increase the popularity of
cameras among. potential consumers. However,-part of the reason is also
the limited availability of necessary or desirable materials and accesm
sories.
(Source contains further information and illustrations of manufac~
taring and testing processes.) (Moscow, Sovetskaya Foto, Aug 59,
pP 3$-~ )
Assembly of the largest Soviet telescope, manufactured by Leningrad
optical machinery enterprises, has been completed.. With respect to
mirror diameter, which is 2.6 meters, this is the thixd largest reflector
in the world. This giant astronomical instrument was developed by a
group of designers under the direction of B. K. Ioannisiani, Lenin Prize
winner. Focusing, tracking, and other operations are performed auto-
matically on this telescope, and the reflector is maintained at a con?
stant temperature which prevents distortion of the image received, The
telescope is designed for galactic and extragalactic observations.
After adjustment, this telescope wi11 be shipped to the Crimean
Astrophysical observatory of the Academy of Sciences USSR. (Minsk,
.Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 16 Aug 5q)
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The machine builders of Frunze have manufactured their first con-
signment of PMI-2 small magnetic starters, which are superior in desi`i3
to tl~.osc; previously produced in the .,Kirgiz SSR. .Only half as much p"lastic
and a third as much rolled brass go into the manufacture of t1-ce PI~1I-2
starters, while their service life is l5.tirnes greater under load.
A new branch of industrial production, electrical engineering, is
under development in Kirgizia. Enterprises of-the republic are already
producing new types of electric motors, electric telphers, automatic air
circuit breakers, fuses, and electronic level measuring devices.
It is planned to organize the production of electrical instrL?ments
in the city of Osh in 1960. Th.e production of electric shears and heavy-
duty electric telphers at mach~.ne building plants of. the republic is
also, planned., and the. first cable plant is being founded.
By the end. of the Seven-Year Plan, the republic's output of elec-
trical engineering products ?gill be .triple that of 1959. (Frunze,
Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 1~~- Aug 5~)
Although the Tiraspol' Electrical Equipment Plant is still under
construction and rie~r equipment is still being installed, production has
already been started. During the first Yialf of 1959, the plant produced
276 above-plan starting units for submersible pumps. .The-.plant recently
mastered an.c1 has already produced 2,180 autot~iat is .switches .
Tle plant no~i is faced with the tss]t of 'more quickly completing the
install.atian of the necessary praductioxi machinery and setting, up series
prpcZuctan of electrical equipment . So far, the asseki~bly of ataton?atic
sz?.*itche^,: has been ~pcr_rormed on an individual basis by 30 men, but when
~~,he con.veyer is put into operation, the .,number. of workers will be re-
duced by half while actual output will increase. 2'he installation of
equipmc~n?t :bias already been started in the ga.lvanizirig division. _ The
J..aLest automatic equi~~ment will. be installed for high-frequency- heat
tr~at;ment of parts. Many machine tools` already in operation p:~rfoa~ra
five or six operations eithez? simultaneously or sequentially, and. t1}.e:~e
rrachinE~n are opo-rated for the rr;ost pa7?t by young; people with. seconciaxy
sc}ioal education. -- Yo. D'yaclienko, Director, Tiraspol' I~lect:cical.
1~:r,uiprc:eirt Plant (Kishinev, Sovetskaya I~Ioldaviya., 13 Aug `:~;)
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The Tallin Mercury Rectif ier Plant imeni Kalinin has produced its
first group of ignitrons for its first rectif ier unit, and has thereby
started series production of such equipment far Novocherkassk main-line
electric locomotives operating on alternating current. (Moscow, Promy-
shlenno Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 14 Aug 59) .
Designers and technologists of the 1Vovoutkinsk Iskra Plant are work-
ing on the design of a seam and spot welding unit, which performs both
types of welding operations simultaneously.
This is the first plant in the USSR to organize the production of
self-propelled high-powered welding automatics-and transformers, for
arc and spot welding, which have aluminum windings instead of copper,
The Iskra plant will triple its production of welding machines dur-
ing the Seven-Year Plan. (Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 12 Aug 5q)
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