USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000100020005-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: January 22, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

USSR
ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION
EQUIPMENT
Number 5
22 January 1959
JUST KIM REV -
ORIG CLASS P4845 s~ f-- -
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AUTHI HR
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DO? AEV DATE -~r--TYVE s.15
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St.; W.W., Washington 25, D.C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
Russian-language publications as indicated. It is produced and
disseminated as an aid to United States Government research.
USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents
Page
I.-. Items of Special Interest
A.
R
Shortages
Plznts
II.
Focal Production and Administration
B.
C.
D.
Az ienian b$?
Georgian SSR
Moldavian SSR
Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
III.
IV.
Photographic Equipment
Radio Industry
A.
General
9
B.
Prices
10
C.
Tee1evision
12
D.
Color Television
13
E.
Radios and Combination Sets
15
18
A.
General
18
B.
Research and Development
20
C.
Electrical Instruments
24
D.
Industrial Instruments
28
E.
Scales
31
F.
Industrial Exposition
32
VI.
Electrical Products
34+
A.
General
34
B.
Voltage Regulators and Transformers
36
C.
Cable
37
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1. ITEMS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
A. Shortages
P. Yudin, deputy chairman of the Board of Tsentrosoyuz [Central un-
ion of Consumer Cooperatives] states that industrial enterprises are
still lax in supplying necessary radio components to the trade network.
For example, although 100,000 toggle switches (tumblery) are needed in
1958, Glavradiosbyt [Main Administration for the Sale of Radio Products]
has allotted only 5,000 and has absolutely refused to supply DGTs-23 and
other germanium diodes.
Some plants supply components in a very unsatisfactory fashion. For
example, a plant of the Voronezhskiy Sovnarkhoz [Voronezh Radio Components
Plant?]: was supposed to have shipped 210,000 KE-1B capacitors; however,
it has not shipped any. (Moscow, Radio, Oct 58, p 15)
During August 1958, A. Sergeyev sought in vain from store to store
in Moscow for film for his 35-mm camera. Store after store displayed
signs reading "No 35-mm film". One store did offer three cartridges of
film, but only in a package,with developer and developing tank, for 74+
rubles and 70 kopecks.
There were 708,000 cameras manufactured in the Soviet Union during
the first half of 1958 but what good are they without film? (Moscow,
Sovetskoye Foto, Oct 56, pp 83-81)
B. Plants
The Voronezh Electrical Machinery Plant is now subordinate to the
Voronezhskiy Sovnarkhoz. (Moscow, Vestnik Mashinostroyeniya, Aug 58,
p 69)
(Comment: This plant, a producer of low-power electric motors
for automatic and telemechanical systems and sewing machines, is sel-
dom mentioned in published sources.]
The Lvov Electric Bulb Plant is subordinate to the L'vovskiy
Sovnarkhoz. (Moscow, Vestnik Mashinostroyeniya, Aug 58) p 71)
A. A. Arutyunov is the director of a plant imeni V. I. Lenin of
the Gor'kovskiy Sovnarkhoz. One of this plant's products is surgical
scalpels. (Moscow, Vestnik Mashinostroyeniya, Aug 58, p 69)
[Comment: It seems unlikely that this is the Gor'kiy Radio Plant
imeni Lenin; the product type appears to be the same as of the Gor'kiy
Plant imeni Gor'kiy, a producer of medical instruments.]
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II. LOCAL PRODUCTION AND ADMINISTRATION
A. Armenian SSR
In 1958, the output of the enterprises of the Administration of
Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument Making of the Armenian
Sovnarkhoz should exceed the 1957 level by 22 percent, with a labor
productivity increase of 7 percent.
The capital outlay for 1958 is going according to plan. It is
planned that the administration's 1958 capital outlay will amount to
73.4 million rubles.
One of the basic construction projects of the year is the glass-
making building of the Yerevan Electric Bulb Plant. The plant now ob-
tains glass bulbs fir incandescent lamps and glass tubes for fluorescent lamps
from Russia [RSFSR]. During the first half of 19589 the plant will be
relieved of the receipt of these inefficient shipments.
The construction at the ICirovakan Avtomatika Plant and the kirova-
kan Special Design Bureau; the instrument-making and electrical engineer-
ing plants and the Prompribor [Industrial Instrument?] Special Design Bu-
reau:in Leninakan; and the Yerevan Electric Machine Building Plant, the
Yerevan Cable Plant, and other plants is still continuing. Recently,, an
enameled wire shop was ut into operation at the Cable Plant. In 1958,
the first stage of the Yerevan] Relay Plant should go into operation.
A micropower electric motor plant is being planned for Leninakan.
The newly organized Sevan Performing Mechanisms Plant and Yerevan
Electrical Metal-Ceramic Products and Semiconductor Plant should go into
operation in 1958. The products of these plants will be used for as-
sembling equipment produced by instrument-making plants. Armpromproyekt
[Production Planning Administration of the Armenian SSE?) has already
begun planning these plants with the aid of specialized planning organ-
izations in Moscow and Leningrad.
A number of plants and shops, which will go into operation in 1959,
are also being planned. A glass fiber, glass yarn, and glass textolite
plant is being constructed near the village of Tsakhkunk in Sevanskiy
rayon. The glass yarn will be used instead of cotton for insulating
cable products. This will save a large quantity of valuable raw ma-
terials, which can be used for the production of textiles.
A new shop for the assembly of wrist watches is being organized
at the Yerevan Timepiece Plant.
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A shop for the production of electric ceramic parts is being organ-
ized at the refractory materials plant in Tumanyan. The Yerevan
Instrument-Making Plant is being moved to new premises and is being ;of-
siderably expanded.
All these projects are being carried out by the Ministry of Con-
struction. Although the plan for the past months has been exceeded,
the existing rates of construction cannot assure the utilization of
a great volume of invested capital. Insufficient basic construction
materials are supplied to the buildings under construction.
Although the plan for construction is being fulfilled on an over-
all basis, the danger exists than the basic funded assets will not be
put into operation. For instance, in the construction of the relay
plant, the plan for construction and installation work has been ex-
ceeded in the residential construction sector and underfulfilled in
the industrial construction sector. Thus the plans for putting the
first stage of the plant into operation during the third quarter of
1958 are imperiled.
Plant directors and managers of trusts of the Ministry of Con-
struction should insist on the fulfillment of scheduled work without
any alterations. Whether or not new construction is begun on schedule
.depends to a great extent on the planning organizations, which are
obliged to supply the necessary technical documents to the construc-
tion organizations. -- A. Oksuzyan, chief of the Division of Capi-
tal Construction of the Administration of Electrical Engineering In-
dustry, Armenian Sovnarkhoz (Yerevan, Kommunist, 8 Jun 58)
B. Georgian SSR
The electrical engineering and instrument-making industries are
two of the latest branches of the national economy to become estab-
lished in the Georgian SSR. The first large enterprises for the pro-
duction of electrical equipment and instruments appeared in Tbilisi
during the postwar 5-year plans. Within a short time, products of
plants such as the Tbilisi Elektropuskatel; and Elekrtoavtomat plants
have made a name for themselves in the USSR.
To develop the electrical and instrument industries even further
in the Georgian SSR, the Georgian Sovnarkhoz has begun organizing a
number of new electrical and instrument plants. These plants will be
organized on the basis of freed existing production space and the
partial reconstruction, expansion, and re-equipment of the premises
involved.
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In 1958-1959,; 20 electrical and instrument plants, capable of sat-
isfying the Georgian SSR's requirements for instruments, equipment, in-
sulation materials, and other equipment, will be organized.
An electric welding equipment plant will be organized on the base
of the Tbilisi Machinery and repair plant of the Ministry of Water Re-
sources Georgian SSR.
A plant for the production of crane electric motors is being or-
ganized in Tbilisi on the base of the Tbilsel'mash Plant of the Georgian
Sovnarkhoz. In this connection, agricultural machine building will be
transferred to the Nefteburmash Plant of the Georgian Sovnarkhoz.
Interesting instruments for determining the composition of matter
will be produced by a plant which is being created in Tbilisi on Garda-
banskoye shosse, on the basis of an artel of the Gruzpromsovet [Georgian
Industrial Council?].
Another interesting enterprise is a plant for the production of
micropower electric motors, which is expected to be'organized on the
basis of a building currently under construction for the haberdashery
factory of the Administration of Local Industry of the Executive Com-
mittee of the Tbilisi City Soviet.
It is expected that an insulation materials plant will be organized
in a building currently under construction on Ksanskaya ulitsa [Tbilisi]
for the Gareubanskiy Rayon Industrial Combine.
A plant for the production of industrial jewels from agate-will be
organized on the basis of the "Gruzsamotsvety. (Georgian Gems) Factory
of the Administration of Local Industry of the Tbilisi City Soviet.
These jewels will be used extensively at enterprises producing various
precision instruments.
The production of submersible pump and electric roil--we1] drills
is being organized in Kutaisi on the basis of the Gornyak Machine
Building Plant.
Three new enterprises of the electrical engineering and instrument-
making industry will be organized in Batumi. It is intended to construct
a plant for the production of electric carts. Another plant, also un-
der organization in Batumi? will supply electrical equipment for these
electric carts. A plant for the production of consumer electrical appli-
ances will also be constructed in Batumi.
A plant for the production of instruments and automation equipment
for the light and food industries is being organized in Sukhumi.
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The products of two new enterprises under development in the Yugo-
Osetinskaya Autonomous Oblast are of great importance. A plant for the
production of electrical vibrating machines is being organized on the
basis of the Staliniri Machinery Plant. A plant for the production of
enameled wire will be organized in the village of Ksuisi, on the base
of the Ksuisi Machine Tractor Station.
A plant for the production of electrical shears will be equipped
on the premises of the former Akhalsopeli Machine Tractor Station.'
It is expected that a plant for the production of instruments and
automation and control equipment for the light and food industries will
be organized in the city of Gori, on the basis of the machinery plant at
present under construction for the Gorpromkombinat [Dori Industrial Com-
bine)
Two enterprises for the production of electrical equipment for tower
cranes are being created in Georgia. one of them is being organized in
Kaspi on the basis of the former Kaspi Machine Tractor Station; the other
is being set up in Poti on the basis of an enterprises currently under
construction for the Gorpromkombinat. It has been resolved to construct
a plant for the production of electric machine amplifiers in Poti.
It is expected that a cable products plant will be put into opera-
tion in Zestafoni; and that a plant for the production of alkali storage
batteries and galvanic battery cells will be organized at the Shorapani
station.
It is expected that the production of fluorescent lamps will be
organized at the glass container plant currently under construction in
the Surami area.
To develop models of the most advanced electrical products and to
hasten the creative development of the electrical industry in Georgia,
it is planned to create a scientific research institute of the electri-
cal engineering industry with a planning and design bureau in Tbilisi.
(Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 11 Jun 58)
C. Moldavian SSR
An electrical measuring instrument and oscillograph plant is being
founded in Kishinev. It will be the first of its kind in the Nbldavian
SSR. The basic shops of this plant will be housed in a four-story build-
ing. The first group of workers has returned from training in instru-
ment assembly at enterprises in Moscow.
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A huge electrical installation equipment plant is being constructed
in Tiraspol'. it will produce instruments for the automatic remote con-
trol of electric motors, and will ado produce control panels and start-
ing devices. A large part of its production will go to the Kishinev
Electrical Machinery Plant imeni Kotovskiy, which will specialize in the
production of deepwater electric pumps.
Maldavkabel` is the name of a new enterprise being organized on the
base of the Bendery Machinery Plant. By the end of the year, this plant
should start producing low-voltage and high-voltage cable and wire of
various sizes for illumination and power transmission.
Planning institutes in Moscow, Leningrad, and Kiev did much of the
work of planning the new enterprises. The Kharkov Electrical Machinery
Plant provided documents and accessories for the production of electric
motors. The Lipetsk Pump Plant trained Moldavian specialists in new
methods of pump assembly. (Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 15 Jun 58)
D. scow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
Each month, the administrative workers of the Moscow Oblast Sovnar-
lzhoz receive a list of the plants which are lagging in their production.
The list is not large, and the enterprises change from list to list.
The only name which never fails to appear on each of these lists is
that of the Lobnya Electrical Engineering Plant.
This plant has not fulfilled its production assignment for 5
months. Its products, electric phonographs., are refused by consumers
because of their poor quality.
During 1957, this plant manufactured only 65,000 of the planned
100,000 electric phonographs, yet consumed materials enough for the
total planned number. Besides this, the plant had to pay about one
million rubles in fines because of complaints against low-quality
products.
However, it appears that the officials of the Administration of
the Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument Building of the
Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz are hardly alarmed by the fate of the Lobnya
plant, although the situation and its causes are well known to all.
Naydenov, chief engineer of the administration, headed the former All-
Union Electrical Engineering Trust, to which the Lobnya plant was sub-
ordinate.
In January, the administration dismissed Podol'nez',director of
the plant, for unsatisfactory performance of duty. But the situation
has hardly improved under Volkov, new director of the plant. True,
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a decision was made in March to temporarily terminate production of elec-
tric phonographs and to set up the production of magnetic starters, fuses?
and other electrical products by 1 June. This deadline has already passed,
and the plant is still not ready to start manufacturing the new products.
The possible reasons for this state of affairs were discussed at a
meeting convened late in April by Yeremenko, chief of the administration,
and it was determined precisely what must be done for manufacturing the
new products in Lobnya.
Pertsov, deputy chief of the administration, was authorized to visit
one of the Moscow plants and see to it that the proper materials were sup-
plied to the Lobnya plant. This has not yet been done. Levin, chief of
the technical division [of the administration?], was to guarantee the
plant (thread] rolling machines, but there is no trace of them as yet.
Terminating the production of phonographs left the plant with a
backlog of 900,000 rubles' worth of materials and semifinished products
which are no longer needed, Kuznetsov, chief of the material and Tech-
nical Supply Division of the administration, was authorized in April
to take the necessary measures [for disposing of the materials?], but
nothing has yet been done.
The:production qualifications of many of the Lobnya plant workers
are low. The plant does not have a single experienced engineer who
could be a real production organizer. The Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
assigned Rodionov as chief engineer of the plant, but he is a special-
ist on the textile industry with little knowledge of the electrical
engineering industry. Rodionov has not solved a single difficult tech-
nical problem in the 9 months he has worked at the plant.
The Lobnya plant does not receive the necessary assistance from
the Administration of Capital Construction and Equipment of the Sovnar-
khoz (Kossov is deputy chief). SMU-5 [Construction and Installation
Administration No 51, which is subordinate to the Moscow Oblast Sovnar-
khoz, chronically fails to equip production areas. The plant lacks the
most necessary technical and auxiliary services such as boiler facili-
ties laboratories, a tool shop, and storage facilities.
The Krasno-Polyanskiy Rayon, where the Lobnya plant is located,
is a significant industrial center of the Moscow area, but the rayon
organization fails to assign several experienced engineers, designers,
technicians, and other experienced workers to help the lagging plant.
(Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 24 Jun 58)
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III. PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
The [Leningrad] GOMZ [State Optical Machinery Plant] is the pro-
ducer of the KPT-l motion-picture projector. (Moscow, Kinomekhanik,
Nov 58, p 24)
The Samarkand Kinap Plant has been producing the 10-UDS-1 and
10-UDS-2 motion-picture sound reproduction apparatus since 1955. Re-
cently, it modernized these units and renamed them the 10-UDS-3 and
the lO-UDS-4, which it will start mass-producing in 1959.
(Fuu details on this sound reproduction apparatus are given in
the source). (Moscow, Kinomekhanik, Nov 58, pp 29-35)
The Moscow Photographic Accessories Plant, of which Zabegalin is
director and Goroshkov is chief engineer, floods the trade network with
poor-quality products, yet the Administration of the Metal Processing
Industry of the Moscow City Executive Committee, to which it is sub-
ordinate, fails even to reprimand the plant. (Moscow, Vechernyaya
Moskva, 16 Jun 58)
The Moscow Phonograph Plant has made experimental models of a
Lyubitel' 8-mm motion-picture projector and of a 16-mm sound film
projector. (Moscow, Tekhnika Molodezhi, May 58, p 24)
The Moscow Phonograph Plant has developed and produced its
first group of [163KPL-3] sound motion-picture projectors. These
projectors have a two-tube amplifier which uses miniature tubes, and
two speakers. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 8 Sep 58)
The following prices were quoted in an official prize list for
the second 1958 state lottery of the Ukrainian SSR:
Prize
Price in Rubles
Kiev-3a camera
2),200
Zorkiy-2S camera
700
Smena-2 camera
180
(Kiev) Pravda Ukrainy, 10 Sep 58)
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IV. RADIO INDUSTRY
A. General
An all-union scientific and technical conference was opened in Mos-
cow on 16 June 1958. This conference will discuss further improvement
in the models and production technology of broadcast receivers,, tele-
vision sets, and sound recording and reproducing devices.
The conference, which had 500 participants,, was organized by the
State Committee for Radioelectronies of the Council of Ministers USSR
and the All-Union Industrial Exposition. (Moscow, Pravda,, 17 Jun 58)
The Scientific and Technical Society of the Instrument Making In-
dustry held a conference on mechanically controlled electron and ion
tubes, at which 220 representatives from various USSR cities were pres-
ent and 19 lectures and reports were read. Most of the reports concerned
mechanically controlled tubes designed for various control and measuring
instruments.
Formerly, the radio engineering industry was regarded primarily as
a potential supplier of mechanically controlled tubes and apparatus for
other branches of the national economy; however, during the course of
the conference it was shown that such tubes and apparatus are of impor-
tance for use in the radio industry itself.
Mechanically controlled tubes can be used for gauging the linear
dimensions of certain parts, such as mica and other dielectric capac-
itor plates; for the mechanical testing of individual apparatus and
instruments produced by the radio industry; for checking the physical
properties of materials, especially in the vacuum tube industry; and
for many other purposes.
However, the radio industry was criticized at the conference for
delaying the experimental and small-series production of several types
of mechanically controlled tubes developed by higher educational in-
stitutions and scientific laboratories of the USSR. This in turn is
delaying the development of this branch of applied electronics.
Participants in the conierence thought it wise to ask the Com-
mittee for Radioelectronics [of the Council of Ministers USSR to give
concrete support to the development of USSR mechanically controlled tubes.
The conference considered that the most urgent primary measure that
should be taken is the organization of the experimental and small-series
production of mechanically controlled tubes at one of the Moscow vacuum
tube plants. Priority should be given to those tubes developed in the
USSR. (lbscow, Radiotekhnika, Sep 58, p 70)
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Recently, the development of telephotographic apparatus with open
recording and flat scanning for both transmission and receiving has
been undertaken in the USSR and in foreign countries.
. The FTAP telephotographic apparatus is the first series-produced
apparatus of this type. It was developed by the TsNIIS [Central Sci-
entific Research Institute of Communications] in collaboration with the
Scientific Research Institute of the Radio Engineering Industry. It
has successfully undergone tests in intracity, intraoblast, and main-
line communications, and the industry has begun its series production.
(Moscow, Vestnik Svyazi, Oct 58, pp 3-4)
B. Prices
The Rostov-na-Donu Base of Posyltorg [All-Union Mail Order Office]
of the Ministry of Trade RSPSR will mail the following goods on order
from purchasers:
Ural-57 radio phonograph,, powered from
AC source of 110,,127, or 220 volts
Rekord radio receiver, powered from
AC source of 110,L27, or 220 volts
Strela radio receiver, powered from
AC source of 114,,127, or 220 volts
Rodina-52 radio receiver, complete with
batteries and outdoor antenna kit
Electric meters, 220 volts, 5 amperes
Price in Rubles
187.00
Prices stated above include packing and shipping costs. -- Ad-
vertisement (Yerevan, Kommunist, 9 Sep 58)
The following prices are quoted in an official prize list for
the second 1958 state lottery of the Ukrainian SSR:
Prize Price in Rubles
Start television set 1,950
Avrora radio phonograph 1,100
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Prize
Price in Rubles
Daugava radio phonograph
1,100
Rekord radio phonograph
(Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 10 Sep 58)
495
The following prices were quoted in an official prize list for the
second 1958 state lottery of the Azerbaydzhan SSR:
Prize
Price in Rubles
Temp-3 television set
2,600
Znamya television set
2,500
Rekord television set
1,750
(Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 11 Sep 58)
The following prices were quoted in an official prize list for
the second 1958 state lottery of the Belorussian SSR:
Prize
Price in Rubles
Druzhba radio phonograph
2,300
Minsk-58 radio phonograph
1,300
Rekord radio phonograph
495
Belarus&-4 television set
2,600
Znamya television set
2,500
Temp-3 television set
2,600
Rubin television set
2,800
Rekord television set in varnished cabinet
1,750
Belarus'-57 radio receiver
1,350
Rodin;a battery radio receiver
405
(Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 14 Sep 58)
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C. Television
A tubeless television receiver is much smaller than an ordinary set
and weighs only 6 kg. The small dimensions and light weight are possible
because there is not a single tube in the set except the picture tube. The
others have been replaced by transistors. The power input of this set to-
tals 12 watts, as compared with 100 watts for the ordinary set, and it is
more dependable in operation, since transistors last considerably longer
than tubes.
This new set also has another decided advantage. It is powered by a
standard 12-volt battery of the kind used in Volga and Moskvich passenger
cars.
A model of this new transistor television receiver was developed by
the Moscow Television Laboratory. The diameter of the screen of the pic-
ture tube is 180 mm, the same as that of the type KVN television set.
Engineers and technicians of the laboratory are currently working on de-
velopment of a transistor television receiver with a large picture size.
(Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 20 Jun 58)
Construction has started in Vil'nyus on a plant for the production
of television equipment and television sets. This plant will be the
largest of its kind in the Baltic area. The first story of the main pro-
duction building, with an area of 7,000 square meters, is almost completely
equipped. The plant will begin production in the first half of 1959 and
will manufacture its first 100,000 television units.
All basic production processes in the manufacture of television units
and parts will be fully automated at this plant. When it starts to operate
at full capacity in 1965, it will be producing 40,000 [sick television sets
and more than one million various television units per year. (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-EkQnomicheskaya Gazeta, 27 Jun 58)
A standard medium-power television and ultrashort-wave radio station
developed in the USSR in 1951-1953 required a total floor space of 110 sq
in, of which the space occupied by the equipment amounted to 20.5 sq in.
The total frontage of all cabinets and units was 20.5 meters; the total
operational efficiency of the video transmitter for the transmission of a
solid black field amounted to about 11 percent.
A station of the same power just developed by USSR industry requires
only 30 sq m of floor space, of which the equipment occupies 6 sq m; the
total frontage of the equipment is 7 meters, and the industrial efficiency
is 16-17 percent. (Moscow, Elektrosvyaz, Oct 58, p 36)
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The USSR vacuum tube industry has developed new television transmitt-
ing tubes, the, LI101 and L1202, which are superior to the currently used
L17 and LI17 tubes.
The LI101 tube (1) will be used for studio broadcasts. It has more
even background light and requires less studio lighting than the currently
employed L17 tube.
The L1201 tube (2) is designed for extrastudio broadcasts o? standard
television centers and studio and extrastudio broadcasts of small television
stations. In addition, it will be used for color television broadcasting.
(Source gives additional information on these two tubes.) (Moscow,
Vestnik Svyazi, Oct 58, P 5)
(1) Photo available in source, p 5, bottom.
(2) Photo available in source, p 5, top.
D. Color Television
Addressing the llt'h research commission of the International Consulta-
tive Committee for Radio (MKKR), recently convened in Moscow, S.V. Novakov-
skiy, a leader in the development of color television, reported that early
in 1959, after the first color television sets have been manufactured,
experimental broadcasts from a new color television studio will begin. He
added that after enough data have been gathered technical standards will
be established and extensive use of color television will begin. (Moscow,
Sovetskaya Rossiya, 12 Jun 58)
The average Moscow television viewer is no longer entirely satisfied
with the black-and-while image produced by his set. He is looking forward
to television broadcasts in color, such as are already available to viewers
in the US.
But~they.are also available to us. Yesterday we witnessed a color tele-
vision broadcast in the Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of
Communications USSR. It consisted of a public review of the work of the
institute in color.
It was given in the conference hall where there were two projection
screens 1200x900 mm in size. The screens were illuminated with the, colors
red, blue, and green. Color slides, excerpts from motion-picture film
on the Youth Festival, and views of artists from the laboratory studio
were shown.
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According to A. D. Fortushenko, chief of the institute, a number of
scientific research organizations, plant laboratories, and design bureaus
are working on various problems of the technology of color television and
are designing the necessary equipment. His own institute has worked out
several variants of color television systems. In all of these, the color
broadcasts can be received on ordinary sets, but only in black and white,
of course.
Laboratories of the institute have designed a studio camera with four
lenses, a device with a scanning beam for transmitting slides and motion
pictures, video channel equipment, _projection-type color units, and special
measuring equipment.
The technical problems of color television have already been solved
and it is now up to industry to start production of the necessary equip-
ment. The manufacture of this equipment is still a very complex problem.
When asked when color television broadcasts' could be expected in Moscow,
S. V. Novakovskiy, chief of the television laboratory, replied that experi-
mental broadcasts would start from a. central studio at the beginning of
the new year. The broadcasting equipment is being developed in Leningrad
and the receiving equipment will be made in Moscow. Laboratory studios
of the institute are already putting on color television broadcasts.
(Moscow,.Moskovskaya Pravda, 12 Jun 58)
Workers of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Television
in Leningrad have for several years studied the various possible systems
for color television. They have developed and tested a laboratory model
and are currently engaged in the design and manufacture of one of the first
color television centers.
Yesterday, the institute demonstrated a full complement of television
equipment to'the Leningrad Scientific and Technical Society. This equip-
ment included transmitting devices which permit color transmission of the
same full programs as those currently broadcast in black and white, such
as full-sized [35-=.?] motion pictures, [live] shows, stationary color
images, transparencies, and drawings on opaque bases.
Also demonstrated were models of television receivers made on an.
experimental basis by the institute. These were made entirely of domesti-
cally manufactured components.
The production of an experimental model of a color television center
was started on 1 July. It-will be set up in Moscow at the end of 1958
and will go into operation early in 1959.
The Moscow Electric Bulb Plant and the Leningrad Plant imeni Kozitskiy
will soon begin series production of color television receivers., (Lenin-
grad, Leningradskaya Pravda, 27 Jul 58)
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E. Radios and Combination Sets
The Rodina-58 battery-powered radio has 3 crystal diodes,5 transistorg,
and 3 miniature tubes. Input power has been reduced from 1.4 watts for the
previous model (Rodina-52) to 0.7-0.9 watt for the Rodina-58.
The tubes are used for radio-frequency amplification. The audio cir-
cuit is based on four transistors; two of these (type P6V) serve as first
amplifier, and the other two (type P6G) serve as final amplifier. A type
D2Ye diode serves as a detector. The tube anode circuits are fed through
a voltage converter which has a transistor and two crystal diodes.
The power supply for the tube filament circuits comes from two
1,ZNVMTs-150 battery cells hooked up in parallel. Four more of these cells,
hooked up in series, supply the power for the anode circuits of the tubes
and semiconductors. This set of two batteries is good for 1,200 hours
or operation (the older set of batteries lasted only 1,000 hours despite
its greater weight). The new set costs 50 rubles, whereas the older set
cost 80 rubles.
There is no high-voltage battery required to feed the anode circuits
of the .Rodina-58,
The first group of Rodina-58 battery radios will be produced in 1958.
The tentative price is 475 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary No 10, 1958)
p 4)
The ORtava-58 radio and the Oktava-58 radio-phonograph both have five
wavebands, internal directional magnetic antennas for the long and medium
wavebands, internal antennas for the ultrashort wave band, keyboard tun-
ing, tuning eyes, automatic volume control, and dual tone controls.
Both sets have four speakers. Two of these are type 2-GD-3 wide-
band speakers mounted on the front wall of the cabinet, and the other
two are type:l-GD-9 high-frequency elliptical speakers mounted on the
sides of the cabinet. The universal record player of the radio-phonograph
has two speeds (33 1/3 and 78 rpm) with semiautomatic starting and auto-
matic stopping.
The piezoceramic pickup arm of the record player has two interchange-
able permanent sapphire needles for playing both standard and long.-playing
records.
These two sets are distinguished from previous models by the use of
printed circuits for the intermediate and audio-frequency systems, by
supplying a. constant voltage to the filaments of the 6Kh2P and 6N2P tubes
to reduce the noise level of the entire circuit, by a separate control
for the intermediate-frequency circuit, and by improved designs of the
magnetic antenna cutout and other units.
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These changes have improved the electrical and acoustical parameters
of the radio receiver [of both sets], which are now 1.5-2 times as great
as the established technical specifications for radio receivers of this
class.
The tentative price of the radio receiver is 900 rubles, and of the
radio-phonograph, 1,500 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary No 10, 1958, p 2)
The Riga VEF Electrical Engineering Plant has developed the new 14-
tube Topaz radio-phonograph. The radio of this set will receive broad-
casts in the long, medium, short, and ultrashort wavebands. The short
waveband is divided into four spreadbands.
The set has a two-channel audio amplifier with a lower-frequency
channel output power of 6 watts and a higher-frequency channel output power
of 3 watts. The nondirectional acoustical system has six speakers.
The main control functions of the Topaz can be performed by remote
control.
The radio receiver has an input power of 210 watts, and the phonograph
has an input power of 230 watts. (Moscow, Vestnik Svyazi, Oct 58, inside
front cover)
The first group of new Kristall-104 combination television-radio-
phonograph-tape recorders has recently been produced. This combination
set receives broadcasts in the long) medium, short, and ultrashort wave-
bands.
The screen area of the 53LK2B picture tube of the Rubin-102 television
set measures 34 x 45 cm and is located in the left side of the Kristall-104
cabinet. A Lyuks radio receiver, an El'fa-10 double-track tape recorder,
and a universal record player are in the right side of the cabinet.
The acoustical system of the Kristall-104 consists of a powerful two-
channel amplifier and nine speakers, two of which are removable. The set
has 36 tubes and 18 semiconductor diodes. It can be powered from any AC
source of 110, 127, or 220 volts. The input power for the tape recorder
is 140 watts; for the television set, 230 watts; for the radio or phono-
graph, 160 watts; for the television and tape recorder together, 290 watts;
and for the radio and tape recorder together, 200 watts.
The television is equipped with remote control of image brightness
and sound.
The Kristall-104 weighs 130 kg and measures 1,120 x 935 x 575 mm.
The price is 13,000 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary
.,No 10, 1958, p 3)
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The radio engineering industry has developed a compact TU-100M wired
radio amplifier. This amplifier, which uses miniature tubes, includes a
Class 1 radio receiver and a universal record player.
It is intended for use in settled areas, parks, stadiums, trains,
ships, etc.
Output power of the TU-100M is 100 watts. It may be powered from
any AC source of 110, 127, or 220 volts. Input power is 0.5 kw. (Moscow,
Vestnik Svyazi, Oct 58, inside front cover)
New economical. remotely controlled and automated apparatus is needed
for rural radiofication. How,rever, certain sovnarkhozes and radio engineer-
ing enterprises are delaying the production of this badly needed equipment.
For example, the Riga VEF Plant of the Latvian Sovnarkhoz refuses .to
organize the production of the SVR-ADU remote-control equipment for rural
wired-radio units, although it developed this equipment itself. For 2 years
the Riga Diesel Plant has failed to begin the development of automatically-
controlled diesels for power supply systems used in radiofication. Neither
the proper administrations of Gosplan USSR nor those of the gosplans of
union republics are giving any real help to communications organs in plac-
ing orders for radiofication equipment at industrial enterprises.
The State Committee for Radioelectronics also bypasses these vital
questions, although it is supposed to be in charge of implementing new
technology. Despite numerous requests from the Ministry of Communications,
the committee has not organized the development of a low-cost economical
transistor radio receiver, which is needed in remote a,.d mountainous areas
where wired-radio installation is not feasible. (Moscow, Radio, Oct 58,
p 8)
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The matter of standardization and unification in instrument-making
enterprises, which were formerly under the Ministry of Instrument Making
and Automation Equipment, is chaotic. The designer is free to select the
design elements of instruments, which gives rise to an unwarranted diver-
sity of instrument sizes and designs and necessitates a large number of
tools for instrument production.
Electronic recording instruments produced by the [Moscow] Komega
Plant and the [Moscow] Energopribor Plant are designed differently and
have a different cost. However, they have the same purpose and identical
technical specifications. They differ because one was designed and prod-
uced by a plant under the Ministry of Electric Power Stations USSR and
the other by a plant under the former Ministry of Heavy Machine Building.
The Moscow Manometr Plant produces type EMD electronic bridges. The
Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant produces the same type of bridges. They
have the same technical specifications, but are quite different in shape
and size. This complicates installation and the production of control
panels.
Various type-sizes of resistance thermometers and thermocouples. are
used extensively in Soviet industry. Many of them are installed with the
aid of connecting pipes. However, there is no uniformity in the types of
.threads that are used and as a result installation is made needlessly
difficult.
The [Leningrad] Elektropultt Plant, the [Tallin] Il'marine Plant, and
the Ufa Low Voltage Electrical Equipment Plant have produced types K F, KV,
and UP control keys. They vary in shape and size, but perform the same
functions. It will be possible to reduce electrical keys to two designs
after unification.
The Tomsk Manometr Plant has designed and produced level relays
(35,000 units per year) with specifications at variance with those pre-
scribed by GOST [State All-Union Standard]. Hence the consumer must prod-
uce his own nonstandard flanges to assemble the relays.
The above examples attest to the fact that the instrument-making
industry is below the level of unification and standardization attained
by other branches of industry.
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The absence of a single blueprinting system for instrument-making
plants frustrates the development of specialized production and the efforts
of enterprises to exchange experience. Sometimes a plant spends several
months reworking blueprints for a new type of instrument so that they
will conform to the plant's system.
SKBSN (Special Design Bureau of Standardization and Normalization)
for the production of instruments was established in February 1957? It
is engaged now in the selection, classification, and analysis of various
plants' standards. SKBSN plans to give special attention to the unifica-
tion of potentiometers, bridges, gas analyzers, regulators, and actuating
mechanisms.
Obviously, unification and standardization demand a great deal of
effort. Within 2-3 years, it will be necessary to develop approximately
1,500 departmental standards (normal')., 800 design guide, and 100-150
standards, Hence SKBSN must.be assured qualified personnel and a production-
experimental base. The following organizations will also play an important
part in departmental standardization: OBOSN (basic branch divisions of
standardization and normalization), NIISchetmash [Scientific Research Insti-
tute of Computor Machine Building], NIITeplopribor [Scientific Research
Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Instrument Building], VNITIPribor
[All-Union Scientific Research Technological Institute of Instrument Mak-
ing], and TsNIIKA [Central Scientific Research Institute of Over-All Auto-
mation]. (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Dec 57)
A unified multicomponent pneumatic system (AUS) of instruments and
regulators based on the unit-type principle was developed in 1952-53 by
NIITeplopribor [Scientific Research Institute of Thermal Power Engineering
Instrument Building] in conjunction with IAT (Institute of Automatics.and
Telemechs,nics) of the Academy of Sciences USSR.
The [Moscow] Tizpribor Plant of the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz has begun
the series production of all 22 modifications of instruments and units of
the system.
In addition, IAT, on the basis of a regulator of the system, has
developed a ratio regulator with a wide range of settings of rated ratio
value. The rated ratio value can be changed or corrected to a third value
by remote control.
ResearchbyNllTeplopribor in the field of pneumatic automation equipment
has led to the production of secondary recording, indicator, and register-
ing instruments and small-sized regulators. The group of small pneumatic
instruments and regulators developed by NIITeplopribor includes 13 types
of instruments and units. Included in this group are the following:
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1. Three modifications. of secondary recording instruments.
2. Two modifications of secondary indicator instruments.
3. A secondary indicator instrument for totaling the flow of liquids,
steam, and gases.
It. A regulator and preliminary unit.
5. Two modifications of programming devices.
6. Mathematical devices for totaling the relay and correlation relay.
7. An alarm relay. (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Dec 57, p 1)
The UIM-21 universal microscope produced by a Leningrad plant and the
large BP projector produced by a Novosibirsk Plant are well-designed instru-
ments that are hsn.dy,to use. The series production of these instruments shows
how highly proficient the workers of the two plants are. Nevertheless,
both have defects which are detrimental to their working accuracy.
(Source lists defects in the instruments and suggests changes that
can be made.) (Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No 4, Jul-Aug 58, pp 93-914.)
B. Researcl'., and Development
There is too much of a gap between the time new instruments are devel-
oped and the time that they are put into series production. In recent years,
experimental models of a number of instruments for measuring pressure and
rarefaction, level, density, and thickness; and instruments based on the
utilization of radioactive isotopes and ultrasonics, which have the advan
ta.ge of measuring parameters without touching the measured object with the
measuring element, have been developed and produced. However, practically
none of these instruments has been put into series production.
Many instruments and much automation equipment necessary for the auto-
mation of industrial processes have not been put into production by the
instrument-making industry. These include instruments for measuring high
vacuums; instruments for measuring combustible and aggessive viscous :stances;
compensation instruments for measuring pressure and pressure difference;
long-submersion thermocouples for measuring the temperature of molten steel;
instruments for the measurement and automatic regulation.of the concentra-
tion of hydrogen ions (pH meters) with a precision from 0.01 to 0.05 pH;
and concentration meters for the measurement and automatic regulation of
the concentrations of multicomponent solutions, salts, acids, and alkalis.
The series production of miniature secondary registering and regulating
instruments has not been organized.
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There should be better coordination between the many design bureaus
and scientific research institutes in order to cut down the time elapsing
between the creation of an experimental model of an instrument and the
initiation of its series production.
Three organizations, NIITeplopribor [Scientific Research Institute
of Thermal Power Engineering Instrument Making],, the Kharkov KIP [Control
and Measuring Instrument] Plant, and the [Moscow] Tizpribor Plant are
developing new designs of compensation-type differential manometers. This
work is not coordinated by anyone., although the KIP Plant has surpassed
the other organizations in the development of more advanced differential
manometers with temperature and pressure correction. If the efforts of
these three organizations were joined, industry could receive compensation-
type differential manometers in a much shorter time.
The instrument-making industry should pay particular attention to the
quality and reliability of control and measuring instruments. Checks made
by the Committee for Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments have
disclosed that some poor-quality instruments have been produced. A large
part of the manometers produced in recent years by the Tomsk Manometer
Plant go out of operation after 3 months of operation, although they are
supposed to operate at least 3-5 years. Panel electrical measuring instru-
ments made by the Krasnodar ZIP Plant are not suitable for operation where
even slightly aggressive substances are present and quickly disintegrate
in operation at chemical. enterprises and galvanizing shops.
One reason for poor-quality instruments is the low quality of mater-
ials used for making them, especially those materials used for the sensitive
elements. The low capacity of special design bureaus engaged in the devel-
opment of instruments is another reason. The quality of the materials
used for making instruments, such as precision alloys and high-purity alloys
and metals, are extremely important for the quality of the instruments
themselves. (Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekpnika, No 4, Jul-Aug 58, pp 3_4)
The USSR production of instruments in 1957 was 5.2 times as great as
in 1950. This figure does no include special branches of instrument making.
Despite this sharp growth, the USSR instrument making industry fails to
fully satisfy the growing needs of the national economy. The 20th Congress
of the CPSU Forecast that the production of instruments would be 3.5
times as great as at present, and that 32 new instrument plants would be
built [by 1965?].
The most important tasks of the instrument-making industry in the
coming years are the development and production of standard sets of trans-
mitters with standard output signals, the expansion of the products list
and ranges of measured quantities, and an increase in the reliability
and accuracy of measurement's.
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In the automation of many industrial processes, precision control
and regulation of flow and quantity of liquid and gaseous substances are
necessary. For automating blast-furnace operations, transmitters for
regulating the blast rate with corrections for temperature and pressure
are needed. In open-hearth production, the flow of resins, generator gas,
and hydrogen must be controlled. The chemical, petroleum, and food indus-
tries need precision instruments for measuring amounts of liquid.
The instrument-making industry is being given the task of producing
standard sets of rotameters (variable-area flowmeters), volume meters,
and high-precision differential manometers for various operating conditions,
both for giving readings and for transmitting signals for regulation pur-
poses.
The range and accuracy (to 0.2-0.5 percent) of instruments for measur-
ing pressure and vacuum have to be raised. The production of instruments
for measuring extra-high pressures up to 100,000 kg/sq cm and vacuums up
to 10-9 mm of the mercury column must be undertaken. The development and
production of standard sets of instruments for measuring pressure, vacuum,
and flow, based on compensation methods of measurement should be undertaken
to increase accuracy.
To automate oil refineries and synthetic fatty acid plants currently
under construction, new instruments are already needed in 1958. These
include volume flowmeters with flow pipe diameters of 80, 150, and 250 mm.
At present, the instrument-making industry is producing such instruments
with pipe diameters of only 40 mm.
Instruments for measuring temperature are produced in very few modifi-
cations in the USSR, and sometimes have insufficient range and accuracy.
Thus, they cannot be used for controlling the temperature of certain indus-
trial processes with the proper reliability and accuracy. For example, in
the automation of smelthing operations, transmitters for the continuous
measurement of furnace bonnet, flame, combustion products, and molten metal
temperatures are needed.
In the next few years, the instrument-making industry is faced with
the task of developing and producing a number of instruments based on various
measuring methods for measuring temperatures ranging from minus 200 to
plus 6,000 degrees. centigrade. The accuracy and range of thermocouples,
resistance thermometers, and manometric thermometers should be increased.
Thermocouples for prolonged and frequent submersion in the measurement of
the temperature of molten metal should be developed and put into production.
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To solve these problems, metallurgical enterprises should supply new
high-quality thermoelectrode materials and materials for protective cases
to the instrument-making industry. Scientific research and design organ-
izations are obliged to develop new principles of measuring high tempera-
tures, such as the use of semiconductor elements and the employment of
radioactive, ultrasonic, and other radiation.
Analytical instruments for determining the composition and properties
of substances are very important in the automation of industrial processes.
Recently, there has been an increasing trend away from controlling produc-
tion processes by indirect parameters such as tei:merature, pressure, and
flow, to the automatic conduct of processes to the most economically feasi-
ble operating schedules through the direct use of data on the composition
and properties of the finished product. Thus, analytic instruments are
most useful in the chemical,petroleum, hydrolysis] coke-chemical, and
other branches of industry.
However, at present the USSR does not have the necessary . equipment. for
measuring the composition and properties of substances. For this reason,
in chemical enterprises alone, more than 20,000 laboratory workers are
engaged in taking samples and making analyses manually.
Consequently, the instrument industry has the task of developing
large-scale scientific research and experimental design work in develop-
ing a wide range of types of instruments for the analysis of the composi-
tion of both gaseous and liquid substances, based on methods already used
in industry, such as thermoconductivity, thermal effect of combustion,
optical-acoustical, thermochemical, magnetic, and other methods. At the
same time, work should be done on the development of industrial instruments
for the automatic analysis of the composition of substances based on known
laboratory analysis methods: photocolorimetry,.refractometry, mass spectro-
metry, chromatography, and the use of magnetic nuclear resonance.
During the coming Seven-Year Plan, the instrument-making industry
should master the production of industrial and laboratory instruments and
transmitters for checking salinity, the concentration of solutions, the
viscosity and density of substances, the moisture content of various gases,
and solid and friable bodies for many varied industrial conditions. It is
necessary to expand the range and accuracy of instruments for determining
the concentration of hydrogen ions and to develop simple instruments for
determining soil acidity.
In the USSR, as well as in the rest of the world, instrument-making
and automation equipment development is following the trend of designing
of standard units and components.
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The SKTB-BFA (Independent Design And Technological Bureau for Biophys-
iological Apparatus) and the Scientific Research Institute of Computer
Machine Building are working successfully on the development of an installa-
tion for the automatic group registration of measurements in an automatic
system which signals when any value deviates from the norm. This installa-
tion should be finished as soon as possible, and the enterprises of the
Moscow City Sovnark;:ioz should begin its production.
In the next few years, it is necessary to develop and produce standard
sets of electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic performing mecha:-
nisms?o '1'11,2 Special Design Bureau for automatics in Kirovakan, Armenian SSR,
should accelerate the development of standard sets of electrical performing
mechanisms. The Chuvashskiy Sovnarkhoz should accelerate the organization
of the production of the!c mechanisms at the Cheboksary Peforming Mechanisms
Plant.
It is estimated, that the production of telemechanization equipment
will be increased to 10-12 times the present level by 1965. This will
entail a considerable amount of research and experimental design work in
the development of basic products list for telemechanical equipment. It
is important that all efforts in this direction be coordinated, preferably
by the Central Scientific Research Institute of Over-All Automation.
The instrument-making industry should pay more attention to improving
the auality and reliability of the instruments it produces. For example,
the Tomsk Manometer Plant and the Kazan' Teplokontrol' Plant produce mano-
meters, manometric thermometers, and direct action regulators having service
lives of 6-10 months.
(Source gives details on several aspects of USSR instrument making
and some information on computer development). (Moscow, Planovoye Khozyay-
stvo, Aug 58, pp 29-39)
C. Electrical Instruments
The following instruments have been approved by the Committee for
Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments of the Council of Ministers
USSR for use in the USSR.
NKIi'-110-57 single-phase oil-filled voltage transformer produced by the
Moscow Transformer Plant, Moscow City Sovnarkhoz.
R6 multirange shunt for the R2/l potentiometer, N375 moving-coil panel
recorder DC ammeters and voltmeters; N376 ferrodynamic panel recorder AC
ammeters and voltmeters; N377 panel ferrodynamic recorder AC wattmeters,
and N378 panel detector recorder frequency meters -- all produced by the
Krasnodar ZIP Plant of the Krasnodarskiy Sovnarkhoz.
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MSR-55 decade resistance box, produced by the Ltvov Teplokontrol'
Plant.
SP-7 thermometers for checking the temperature of meat, produced by
the Klin Thermometer Plant.
DM-6 diaphragm differential manometer with an" epid" differential
transformer secondary instrument, produced by the Moscow Manomet r Plant.
N360 portable recorder AC/DC voltamperemeter, N360A portable recorder
DC voitampe~-emeter, and D346 single-phase panel phase meters all produced
by the Krasnodar. ZIP Plant.
A-10 truck scales produced by the [Armavir] Armalit Plant of the
Krasnodarskiy Sovnarkhoz.
VPG-2M mobile weight-type platform scales, produced by the Armalit
Plant.
R330 low-ohm, two-range, DC potientometer; and N382 panel single-phase
recorder phase meter, produced by the Krasnodar ZIP Plant. (Moscow,
Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No 5, 1958, p 95)
Much work on the improvement of existing electric meters and the
development of new meters is going on in the USSR.
The SO meter and the later SO-1 meter were very simple to manufacture,
but were deficient in many respects and low in quality.
The type 50-2 meter, which was put into production in 1956 and is
still in production, was an improvement over the SO-1, but still has certain
deficiencies.
The type SO-1+2, which was developed by the Mytishchi Electric Meter
Plant, recently passed state testing. Most of the deficiencies of the
50-2 have been eliminated.
(Source gives further details on USSR and foreign-made electric meters).
(Moscow, Izmeriteltnaya Tekhnika, No 5, Sep-Oct 58, pp 86-90)
The Ts-21 ampere-volt-ohmmeter (3), which has been prepared for pro-
duction, is designed for measuring AC and DC voltage and DC wattage,and resist-
ance. A type M-494 microammeter is used as a measuring device in this
instrument. The wide measuring ranges of the instrument are achieved by
the use of shunts and supplementary resistors installed in its case. A
copper-oxide valve rectifier is used for converting AC into DC.
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The instrument has three scales: for resistance, for AC voltage,
and for DC wattage and voltage. A rheostat is used for zero-setting.
The power sources of the instrument are in a special compartment of the
case. It operates in a horizontal position, measures 208 x 118 x 75 mm,
and weighs about 1.3 kg. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 7, 1958, p 9)
(3) Photo available in source, p 9, top.
The Leningrad Analytical Instrument Plant recently began the produc-
tion of mass spectrometers. Very high precision is required to manufacture
these instruments. Here one must deal with currents down to trillionths
(of .n ampere?].
One such mass spectrometer (4) made by the plant consists of more
than 2,000 parts assembled in 22 units. About 200 vacuum tubes are used
in it. It can determine the isotopic content of matter, whether liquid,
solid, or gaseous, for various research purposes in nuclear and atomic
physics, analytical chemistry, and geochemistry.
Several such instruments are adjusted simultaneously in the plant's
assembly shop. Once they are adjusted, they are ready for shipment. Some
will be sent to China, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, the United Arab Republic,
and Poland. Others will be sent to scientific research institutes of the
Academy of Sciences USSR.
Some time ago, the plant mastered the production of the 1301 mass
spectrometer fol?det mining the isotopic content of gases: a year later,
it began assemblying a new universal instrument for the isotopic analysis
of gases, liquids, and solids. The plant's design bureau is developing
a mass spectrometer for the chemical analysis of matter. An extra-high
precision gas analyzer capable of trapping _microconcentrations of oxygen
in ethylene is being developed specially for the Leningrad Okhta Chemical
Combine. Another new instrument will be used in the production of synthetic
rubber.
M. D. Shutov is chief engineer of the plant design bureau. (Lenin-
grad, Leningradskaya Pravda, 13 Jun 58)
(4) Photo available in source, p 1., left.
The Riga Gidrometpribor Plant has started series production of a new
device for measuring the moisture content of soils in the field. This
device consists of a set of transmitters and a megohmmeter. The trans-
mitters consist of two carbon plates to which a wire has been soldered,
and these are lowered into the soil to depths of 10-100 cm.
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The first of these devices have been sent to scientific research
institutions in Moscow, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and other cities. (Vil'nyus,
Sovetskaya Litva, 18 Jun 58)
The Leningrad Geofizika Plant is the producer of the OT-24-51 oscillo-
graph. (Moscow Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, Apr 58, p 32)
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D. Industrial Instruments
The Tallin Measuring Instrument Plant has developed a heat measur-
ing instrument utilizing a dilatometric differential thermometer. It
is designed for measuring the amount of heat in water heating systems.
It is superior to similar instruments produced abroad. (Moscow, Promy-
shlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 13 Jun 58)
A microsecond meter for testing concrete has been developed by
Leningrad engineers A. S. Durasov and N. A. Krylov. This meter has a
special sound wave receiver and a complex acoustical impulse emitter.
The emitter and receiver are placed tight against the concrete, and
within 30-40 seconds a full characteristic curve of its stability and
uniformity are received.
Production tests of this new device have indicated that it is
considerably superior to ultrasonic and impulse-type devices used in
other fields of industry in the USSR and abroad. (Riga, Sovetskaya
Latviya, 24+ Jun 58)
B. V. Bochkarev is director of the Leningrad Lenpribor Plant.
Under the direction o? M. B. Ioffe, chief designer, the plant has
developed and manufactured a UGN-1 "revolution counter" (schetchik obor-
otov), instrument for determining the depth at which samples are taken
in oil-well drilling operations. This instrument can also be used to
measure the depth of oceans and determining the profile of the bottom.
It is also used in the textile industry to compute the amount of fin-
ished cloth. By adding an electric pulse mechanism to it, this in-
strument may also be used for counting sheets of paper in the publish-
ing business.
With several modifications, which result in its being called a
"cable counter" (schetchik kabelya), this instrument can be used to
advantage in the winding of coils.
The Lenpribor plant recently was the first in the USSR to manu-
facture a fluid meter for measuring the amount of alkali in the pro-
cessing of synthetic fibers.
The P-1 productivity meter automatically measures the clearance
between the rollers of a rolling mill and keeps close track of the
thickness of the metal being rolled. (Leningrad, Leningradskaya
Pravda, 27 Jun 58)
I am writing to inform the editors that the measures described
in an article entitled "Set up Production of Radioactive Instruments"
which was published in Sovetskaya Latviya [date of publication not
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given] are being carried out. A special commission of the Latvian
Sovnarkhoz is currently examining plants where it is possible to use
radioactive isotopes in installations for automating production proc-
esses..
The commission will soon finish its work and the Technical and
Economic Council of the sovnarkhoz will announce the results. The
question of organizing small-series production of radioactive instru-
ments at one of the enterprises of the Latvian Sovnarkhoz will also
be reviewed.
A design group organized at the Riga Avtoelektropribor Plant in
1958 has already developed several designs of apparatus for automating
production processes with the aid of radioactive isotopes, and some
of these have been introduced into production.
It is planned to increase the number of workers in the design
group. -- N. Pukhal'skiy, chief of the Production and Technical Di-
vision, Latvian Sovnarkhoz (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 27 Jun 58)
The Institute of Automatics of Gosplan Ukrainian SSR has devel-
oped an experimental model of a small-sized neutron generator for con-
trolling the chemical composition of complex substances during indus-
trial processing.
It is planned to start production in 1959 of an experimental
group of neutron generators for scientific institutions and indus-
trial enterprises. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
27 Jun 58)
The Moscow Kalibr Plant has produced the Model KPR-4B automatic
(5) for checking pistons of ZIL vehicles. It has increased the pro-
ductivity of checking operations to 4-5 times the formed amount. Par-
tial specifications are as follows:
Work cycle 3.6 seconds
Productivity 1,000 units/hr
Weight of automatic 1,700 kg
(Moscow, Mashinostroitel', Oct 58, pp 40-41)
(5) Photo available in source, p 40, right.
The Moscow Kalibr Plant has produced the Model ASR-3 automatic (6)
for checking and sorting tapered bearing rollers. The diameter and taper
of the bearing rollers are measured simultaneously. Its productivity is
3,600 units per hour. Partial specifications are as follows:
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Diameter of workpiece
10-20 mm
Length of workpiece
15-42 mm
Weight of automatic
1,200 kg
(Moscow, Mashinostroitel', Oct 58, p 40)
(6) Photo available in source, p 40, left.
The (Moscow] Frezer Plant has produced a feeler-type profilograph-
profilorneter (7), which is a stationary, highly sensitive, inductive in-
stt'ument. This instrument has greater vertical magnification than anal-
ogous foreign models. It is also more precise than similar instruments
manufactured outside the USSR. Partial specifications are as follows:
Range of measurement (classes of finish in
accordance with GOST 2789-51)
Registering on tape 5-14
Indicating instrument 6-12
%of error
Indicating instrument plus or minus 10
Vertical magnification plus or minus 4
Tracing speeds
Registering on tape 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mm/min
Visual reading 0.5 mm/sec
Magnification [times]
Vertical direction 2,000-120,000
Horizontal direction 60-4,200
(Moscow, Ma shinostroitel', Oct 58, p 41)
(7) Photo available in source, p 41, left.
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The group for the control of dimensions and quality of rolled metal'
of the central Laboratory of Automatics has developed a device (8) for
measuring the thickness of rolled steel. The introduction of this de-
vice at the Leningrad Steel-Rolling Plant alone will save more than
700,000 rubles per year. (Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda,. 14 Jun 58)
(8) Photo showing part of the measuring device available in
source, p 2, top.
The following table gives an approximate idea of the number of
weighing devices used in agriculture:
Cost in Rubles
Scales
No
Each
Total
Truck
30,000
1,000
30,000,000
Freight
280,000
100
28,000,000
Livestock
15,000
400
6,000,000
Table
280,000
40
11,200,000
Industrial
60,000
80
4,800,000
Other
6,000
300
1,800,000
Weights
7,000,000
2
14,000,000
Total
--
95,800,000
The enterprises of certain sovnarkhozes should give aid to the
repair brigades of RTS [Equipment Repair Stations] in providing model
instruments and spare parts for the repair of scales. For example,
the Stavropol' Scales Repair Plant could supply Class 3 scales and
weights to Imo. The Odessa Plant imeni P. Starostin could produce
Class 2 scales with capacities up to one ton, and Class 3 weights of
up to 500 kg for RTS. The Lvov Motor Vehicle Plant could produce a
series of lift truclc3based on the ZIL-151 developed by the All-Union
Scientific Research Institute of the Committee for Standards, Measures,
and Measuring Instruments. These trucks would be used for transporting
weights. The Kokchetav and Armavir scales plants should supply spare
parts for truck and freight scales to RTS. The Moscow and Chelyabinsk
scales plants should supply parts for table scales to RTS.
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Two or three trade schools for teaching the repair of scales
should be organized, preferably in Armavir and Kokchetav, where there
are large scales plants producing truck and freight scales used in
agriculture. (Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika) No 4, Jul-Aug 58, pp 8-9)
The Leningrad Gosmetr Plant has produced analytical microscales
for weighing precious metals with a precision to one hundreth of a
milligram. The new scales are equipped with semiautomatic and mechani-
cal devices. Formerly it took 2 minutes to take a reading while weigh-
ing metal; now it takes only 20-25 seconds. After weighing, the scales
stop and give the necessary reading. Adjustment, removal of miniature
weights, and other operations are performed mechanically. (Moscow, Kom-
somol'skaya Pravda, 13 Jun 58)
The Leningrad Gosmetr Plant is the producer of the type VA-200 Bal-
anced arm analytic scales. (Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No 5, Sep-
Oct 58, p 24)
F. Industrial Exposition
The following instruments were among those displayed at the 1958
All-Union Industrial Exposition in Moscow:
4RB-32A regulating unit; BP-28V lead unit; PS-37A signal relay;
BS-34A summing relay; RS-33A ratio relay; TSD-35A and TSD-36A programers;
SP-1 signal indicator; PPE-6 electropneumatic converter; and types 1RL-
29; 2RL-29B, 3RL-29V, 1MP-30A, and 2W-30V secondary recorder and indi-
cator instruments -- all components of new regulating apparatus produced
by the Moscow Tizpribor Plant.
BRU-il and BRU-21 contactless regulating units, produced by the
Chelyabinsk Teplopribor Plant.
EPP and EMP series-produced instruments utilizing the type SIP-O1
pulse cutout for expanding their range of use in regulating systems.
The DTV-018 temperature transmitter used for the contact measure-
ment of smooth rotating rollers.
TPP-2Zh spring type pneumatic thermometers, produced by the [Kazan']
Teplokontrol' Plant of the Tatarskiy Sovnarkhoz.
MPShchPl-54 pyrometric milhivoltmeter and MPP-254 portable pyrometric
millivoltmeter, produced by the Yerevan Instrument Plant of the Armenian
Sovnarkhoz.
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ENDS-26 automatic electronic multipoint indicating and signaling
bridge, produced by the Moscow Manometr Plant in place of the ENDS-23
bridge.
Type MCI Class 0.5 manometers for high-precision measurements and
other instruments, made by the Moscow Manometr Plant.
Self-recording electronic bridges and potentiometers with tape
diaphragms and single and multiple point indicating instruments with
rotating scales produced by the Lvov Instrument Plant have replaced
the same types of instruments made by the GSOKB [State All-Union Spe-
cial Design Bureau].
Electronic boiler-regulating units, produced by the [Moscow] Komega
Plant.
A set of automatic regulators for the boiler shop of a The'mal Elec-
tric Power Station, produced by the (Moscow) Energopribor Plant.
(Source gives further information on these and other instruments
displayed at the exposition, along with illustrations). (Moscow, Pri-
borostroyeniye, Sep 58, pp 24-27)
The new ZRT-454 telescope is on display in the optical equipment
division of the Machine Building Pavilion of the All-Union Industrial
Exposition. This instrument is for viewing objects no closer than 35
meters from the viewer, and can also be used for astronomical studies,
viewing sports events, etc. The telescope has interchangeable eye-
pieces which permit 25-, 50-, and 100-power viewing. (Moscow, Vech-
ernyaya Moskva, 16 Jun 58)
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VI. ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS
A. General
The Serpukhov [Kondensator] Plant produces power capacitors, which
are in great demand in the electrical and power engineering industries.
The plant is doing all it can to increase production and improve quality,
but it faces many vital problems, a number of which are connected with
the work of the chemical industry.
Although chlorinated Biphenyl is used abroad for impregnating paper
capcitors because of its high dielectric permeability, it is used very
little in the USSR. The reason for this is that the USSR chemical in-
dustry produces the basic material, biphenyl, as a plasticizer only, an.
this biphenyl is of a low quality. The Serpukhov plant, which has an
order for 100 tons of biphenyl in 1958, has to process this chemical fur-
ther on its own. The chemical industry is capable of producing higher-
quality biphenyl, because occasionally some plants send such biphenyl to
the Serpukhov plant.
The Serpukhov plant is waiting for bakelite cylinders from the
chemical industry.
Metalized insulators are needed for improving the quality and re-
liability of capacitors. Silver and platinum are used for this.pur-
pose, and the process is complicated and long, since it must be repeated
several times; in addition, silver and platinum are expensive. However,
metalizing with iron has been done successfully. It is true that the
equipment for this process is more complicated: a furnace for baking in
a hydrogen medium is needed to prevent rusting. However, the metal layer
amounts to 50 microns and the costs are recovered.
The Gzhel' Insulator Plant should perform metalizing operations.
The Administration of Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument
Making of the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz should organize the metalizing
of products with iron paste at the Gzhel' plant, where all the necessary
conditions for such work exist. It is also hoped that the management
of the Gzhel' plant will take active part in initiating the production
of metalized insulators.
At present, the method of deep drawing is being introduced in the
series production of capacitor housings. The'first capacitors in the
new housings have been produced. However, their further production is
being delayed because the plant's equipment for deep drawing housings
is being used for filling the orders of other enterprises.
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The most vital part of the plant is the vacuum-impregnating section,
where all the moisture and air is eliminated from capacitors. The pro-
cess of moisture removal, full degassing, and impregnating and drying
takes 6-11i days and accounts for 80 percent of'the total industrial cy-
cle for producing capacitors.
Unfortunately, this vital sector does not meet modern requirements.
The area where the large vacuum boilers are installed has a low ceiling;
it is cluttered with equipment, and has oil-soaked floors. The plant
needs the help of the sovnarkhoz to clean up and modernize this section.
Giproenergoprom [State Planning Institute of the Power Engineering
Industry] is compiling a plan for the general reconstruction of the Serpu-
khov plant. The basic technical projects have been concurred with and
supported by the sovnarkhoz. However, certain leaders of the Administra-
tion of Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument Making are in
error. They insist that small series of capacitors be produced in the
plant's laboratory building. The laboratory is designed for scientific
experimental work for the further development of USSR capacitor manu-
facture, and should not be directed to other purposes. -- ,
director of the Serpukhov Kondensator Plant (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya,
17 Jun 58)
The Moscow Elektrosvet Plant produces light fixtures, including
explosion-proof types, for the chemical industry and always fills its
orders on time. It makes seven types of light fixtures for the chem-
ical industry.
While the chemical industry is satisfied with the plant, the plant
is not too satisfied with the chemical industry. According to B. I.
Lyubetskiy, plant director, the industry is not mass-producing plexi-
glass, which is needed for lamp shades. The plant needs synthetic ma-
terials for shades, high-quality white enamels, and many other chemical
products. Ganna Fedoseyevna Rublinskaya is deputy chief engineer of
the plant. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 13 Jun 58)
Model Ts-75 gas case-hardening furnaces produced by the Biysk
Electric Furnace Plant have been installed in the Krivoy Rog Kom-
munist Plant. (Moscow, Mashinostroitel', Aug 58) p 20)
The Moscow Izolit Plant has designed and manufactured a device
for determining the electrical stability and dielectric loss of var-
ious insulation materials. This installation has been used at the
plant to test micanite. (Moscow, Vechernyaya-Moskva) 27 Jun 58)
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B. Volta e Regulators and Transformers
The Moscow Transformer Plant has developed and begun production of
a compact relatively inexpensive voltage regulator (9), which weighs about
5 kg and can be used in a 127- or 220-volt circuit. It maintains a volt-'
age of 127 volts with a network supply variation from 85 to 140 volts;
it m*a*intains 220 volts with a network supply variation from 140 to 250
volts. (Moscow, Tekhnika Molodezhi, No 5,1958, p 16)
(9) Photo available in source, p 16, middle of first column.
In February 1958, the consumer-goods shop of the Moscow Transformer
Plant began the production of type ARN-250 voltage regulators (10).
These regulators are much better than the previously produced type BAT-
200 autotransformers. They measure 150 x 232 x 164 mm, weigh 5.3 X g, and
sell for 140 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 7, 1958, P 8)
(10) Photo available in source, p 8, bottom.
[Comment: it appears that both articles concern the same voltage
regulator.]
The AOSB-0.3 combination autotransformer, which is used for chang-
ing 127-volt AC current to 220-volt AC current and vice versa, sells for
a retail'price of 48 rubles. This transformer has a rated power of 300
watts and is designed to supply power to household appliances. (Moscow,
Byulleten' Roznichnykh Tsen, No 29, Oct 58, p 40).
The RAT-200M autotransformer, which is used for stabilizing AC
voltage in 220-volt lines for supplying radio apparatus, sells for a
retail price of 48 rubles. It has a rated power of 200 watts and han-
dles variations ranging from 180 to 240 volts. (Moscow, Byulleten'
Roznichnykh Teen, No 29, Oct 58, p 41)
The Zaporozh'ye Transformer Plant produces a voltage stabilizer
(11) which has neither voltmeter nor regulating control, since it main-
tains the voltage automatically. Its output current is 220 volts and
it weighs 16 kg. (Moscow, Tekhnika Molodezhi, No 5, 1958, p 16)
(11) Photo available in source, p 16, top of second column.
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C. Cable
The Khar'kob Yuzhkabel' Plant is making extensive use of synthetic
materials in the manufacture of signal, control, and power cable and of
heatproof and winding wire. The use of polyvinyl chloride in the manu-
facture of cables permitted a saving of 820 tons of lead in 1957 alone,
and the replacement of natural silk with capron brought a saving of
250,000 rubles during the same period.
Polyethylene insulation is being used in the manufacture of signal
cables.
The plant laboratories are very helpful in these matters. The
rubber products laboratory is working on new high-quality rubber for
hoses, and the lacquer laboratory is studying the uses of new synthetic
lacquers. (Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 8 Jun 58)
In 1958, the Leningrad Sevkabel' Plant and the branch of the Sci-
entific Research Institute of the Cable Industry pledge to produce an
experimental structural length of 220-kv medium-pressure oil-filled
cable a month ahead of schedule, and to develop and produce an ex-
perimental structural length of small-diameter camera cable for color
television purposes.
To conserve polyethylene, the plant and branch also pledge to de-
velop a method for manufacturing coaxial cable with wider spacing be-
tween disks by 7 November 1958. (Leningrad, Leningradskaya Pravda)
11 Jun 58)
The Leningrad Sevkabel' Plant has manufactured a cable rated for
500,000 volts. This cable is currently undergoing thorough testing
in the high-voltage laboratory of the plant. (t scow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 22 Jun 58)
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