USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000100020004-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 57
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 22, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

USSR
ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION
EQUIPMENT
Number 4 22 December 1958
OOe REV OATS
ORie COMP ,?__J,.._ UPI
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JUST NEXT RLV wu+n+ ?,?? ?- -
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St., N. W., Washington 25, D.C.
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This report presents unevaluated information selected
fioa, Russian-language publications as indicated. It is
pros uc,:;d and disseirinated as an aid to United States Gov-
o,sc arch.
n',,
USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMNNT
Tabl.:_~ of Contents
Page
I,
Items of Special Interest
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Chronographs for Tracking Earth Satellites
Semiconductors in Sputnik III
Plants
Thermoelectric Generators
Defective Nickel Tubing
Consumer Goods Shortages
II.
Local Production and Administration
6
III.
Electronic Equipment
A.
4ulbs and Tubes
10
B.
Transmitters
10
C.
Prices
11
D.
Radios
12
E.
Talyvision
16
1. Industrial Television
16
2. Home Television Sets
17
F.
Tape Recorders
22
G.
Communications Equipment
23
H.
Institute and Plant Information
21i.
IV.
Computers
27
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Pam
V. Instruments 30
A. General Information 30
B. Inu.us tr is 1 Instrumentation 36
C. Electrical Instruments 36
D. Electronic Instruments 37
E. Geophysical Equipment 39
VI. Precision Equipment
A. Microscopes
B. Photographic Equipment
C. Motion-Picture Equipment
D. Watchmaking Industry
E. Firearms
A. Control and Switching Equipment
B. Batteries
C. Wire and Cable
D. Insulation
E. Carbon Products
F. Electric Furnaces
42
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A. Chronographs for Tracking Earth Satellites
A r~'' `l'cs ntativ oi:' the Astronoiiical Council of the Academy of Sciences
USSR visited tha L=eningrad Electric Timepiece Plant and awarded certificates
and badges of honor to a group of its workers and specialists why had taken
active part in the organization of stations for the observation of artifi-
cial earth satellites.
The plant produced a large consignment of printer chronographs for
various USSR laboratories. These instruments make it possible to count time
with a precision up to five thousandths of a second. During the flight of
the satellites, the chronographs record the tiiue of their passage from one
point of the horizon to another in various observation areas.
The chronographs consist of a printing unit, a quartz oscillator, and
a control. panel. Tests have shown them to be of exceptionally high accuracy.
The plant has received an order for the production of a new consignment of
these instruments. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 17 May 58)
B. S n.iconductors in Sputnik III
Semiconductors are used on a wide scale in the third Soviet earth
satellite. The satellite's programing unit is completely transistorized.
New semiconductor components were used in all of the measuring, scientific,
and radio instruments. Several thousand semiconductor components are in-
stalled in the satellite.
Radio, atomic technology, and power engineering can no longer get along
without semiconductor devices and units. -- Engr G. Petrov (Moscow, Trud,
22 May 58)
C. Plants
In recent years, a number of large plants of all-union importance went
into operation in the Mordovskaya ASSR. These include the Saransk Cable
Plant, and the Saransk Electric Bulb Plant. The Saransk Elektrovypryamitel'
Plant, which produces germanium dry rectifiers, is undergoing reconstruction.
At present, a number of new large enterprises are being constructed
in the Mordovskaya ASSR. When these enterprises go into operation, it will
be a boost to the chemical iiachine building industry and the electrical
engineering industry, and the production of electric power will increase.
(Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 7 Jun 58)
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The Gorlkiy Plant imeni Ulyanov (zavod imeni Ullyanova, g. Gorkiy)
of the Gor'kiy Sovnarkhoz is one of the producers of a single-burner hot
plate which sells for 50 rubles. [Comment: No previous mention of this
plant has been noted in the Soviet press.] (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 6,
1958, p 17)
S:rice the beginning of 1958, the Moskovskiy Metallist Plant has
produced more than 2,000 electric hair clippers, which are driven by
miniature electric motors.
The Moscow Electrical Products Plant No 6 (shestoy zavod elektroizdeliy)
is getting ready to produce a new electric fan, [Comment: These appear to
be new p]:;;nts.] (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 7 Jul" 58)
The Moscow "Muzreminstrument" [Musical Instrument Repair] Plant
[apparently a new plant] is selling components for television sets and radio
receivers and other radio materials to organizations and enterprises.
Applications should be made at ulitsa Karla Marksa No 12, Moscow. --
Advertisement (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 6 Jun 58)
D. Thermoelectric Generators
Recently the problem of economical power sources for rural radiofica-
t:ion was solved by the industrial production of thermoelectric generators.
The manufacturing process for thermoelements was developed on the basis
of a number of inventions by the NUTS (Leningrad Scientific Research In-
stitute of Urban and Rural Telephone Communications) of the Ministry of Com-
munications USSR; and thermoelectric generators were designed at the Lenin-
grad experimental workshops. The work was conducted with the collaboration
of bhe Leningrad Physicot:chnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR.
The series production of .11-12-watt generators has already been organized.
A 16-18-watt thermoelectric generator has been developed. This new generator
consumes 120-1.30 grams of kerosene per hour. Several variants utilize
benzine.
The main purpose of thm:moelectric generators is to supply power to
rural wired-radio units. A radio unit supplied from such a source can
serve more than 200 loud-speakers. A great advantage of the thermoelectric
generators is the simplicity of putting theta into operation. This makes it
unnecessary to have skilled workers for servicing them.
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Thermoelectric generators can be used for other purposes than rural
radiofication. For example, the NIITS is developing a 12-watt thermo-
electric generator with a gas burner by request of the administration of
the Dashava-Kiev gas pipeline. It will be used primarily for supplying
power to stations for the cathodic anticorrosion protection of main gas
pipelines. In the future, thermoelectric generators equipped with gas
cylinders may be used for rural radiofication also. -- V. Daniyel'-Bek,
Candidate of Technical Sciences; N. Roginskaya, Senior Engineer (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Jun 58)
E. Defective Nickel Tubing
The Revda [Sverdlovskaya Oblast] Plant for the Processing of Nonferrous
Metals supplies nickel tubing for radio tube cathodes. However, the inside
of this tubing is covered with metallic dust or scale that cannot be removed
even by ultrasonic methods.
When vacuum tube plants complained, Taubkin, director of the Revda
plant, stopped deliveries. Dozens of complaints are sent into Revda daily,
but the answer of the plant management is always: "You'd better take what
we give you or you won't get anything at all." And so the plant continues
to turn out poor products. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
23 May 58)
F. Consumer Goods Shortages
Despite the greater opportunities created by the reorganization of
industry, many enterprises, sovnarkhozes, and oblast executive committees
are not giving sufficient attention to the production of consumer goods.
In October 1956, the Council of Experts of the All-Union Chamber of
Commerce approved a model of the Start camera for production. The
Krasnogorsk plant, which was to have started its production in 1957, failed
to do so and the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz did nothing to make the plant
fulfill its obligation.
The production of many items is delayed to an excess, as has been the
case with the Melodiya tape recorder. A Novosibirsk plant was supposed to
have sent the first consignment of these tape recorders to the trade net-
works a year ago. Another example is the Zarya television set, an inexpen-
sive set designed for mass use, which was developed by the Leningrad Plant
imeni Kozitskiy. Two other enterprises were to have begun mass production
of several hundred thousand of these sets long ago: however, they are still
merely considering their production, and have cut down the 1958 production
plan to 10,000 sets. -- S. Trifonov, Deputy Minister of Trade USSR (Moscow,
Novyye Tovary, No 5, 1958, p 3)
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A number of plants of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz have ceased pro-
duction of many consumer items. For example, the consumer goods shop of
the Kirov Plant, which produced cooking pots with plastic handles and other
household goods, has been abolished. Steam irons with heat controls, and
cast carbon steel hatchets are no longer on sale in Leningrad because their
}.production has been halted. Self-generating electric flashlights, SM-1.5
washing machines, Elektrosila vacuum cleaners, Progress electric razors,
hide-away beds, and other goods have been taken out of production. The
Lengazapparat Plant has stopped producing steel enameled ware, which is
in great demand by consumers. It is intended to stop producing the Raketa
children's automobile and children's sleds, although these articles were
only recently put into production.
In view of this situation, enterprises of the sovnarkhozes should
be given assignments for the production of consumer goods which could not
b revoked without the agreement of the republic Ministry of Trade or of
the administrations of trade of [city] executive committees.
The Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz should exercise stricter control over
enterprises assigned to undertake the production of consumer goods.
-- D. Reypol'skiy, Director, Leningrad Branch of the Pavilion of the All-
Union Chamber of Commerce (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 7, 1958, p 2)
Nearly a year has passed since Trifonov, Deputy Minister of Trade USSR,
promised an immediate increase in the availability of photographic materials
through Pos ltorg [All-Union Mail Order Office], yet the price catalog for
1958 remains he same as before and Posyltorg agrees to ship only orders
for what is available in the local stores.
A large. part of the radio components for time relays. and electronic
flash units cannot 'cc ordered through Posyltorg. For example, they do not
have PEL-0.8 and PEL-0.15 wires, 800-microfarad 300-volt capacitors, pulse
?a:ti._ for?Y;iers y neon tubes, or type IKF-120 tubes. (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto,
Sep 58, p 84)
The city of Nizhniy Tagil is very poorly supplied with photographic
materials. Film appears very seldom in the stores here, and when it does,
the variety is extremely limited. Furthermore, the trade network sells
film which is already long past development deadlines. The improvements
promised by Trifonov, Deputy Minister of Trade USSR, in Sovetskoye Foto,
September 1957, have not yet been made evident to the photography enthusiasts
of Nizhniy Tagil. (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto, Aug 58, p 81+)
A factor which limits the number of motion-picture-making enthusiasts
in the Soviet Union is the unavailability of such items as film, tripods,
panheads, interchangeable lenses, filters, illuminating equipment, develop-
ing tanks with reels for 15- and 30-meter lengths of film, collapsible dry-
ing containers, simple but dependable copying apparatus, rewinds, splicers,
portable screens, editing devices, and projectors for both sound and silent
film. (Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 11+ Aug 58)
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Cultural and sporting goods stores of Andizhan are often out of films,
do not know when more will be available, and do not even recognize a request
for certain types of photographic'papers. They have no accessories such as
interchangeable lenses, and do not even have metol or hydroquinone. Mate-
rials for color photography are simply unheard of. (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto,
Sep 58, p 82)
From time to time the periodical Sovetskoye Foto publishes articles
describing the use of the 8-mm AK-8 movie camera and also explaining how
to process reversible film.
These articles convinced me, an amateur photographer, to try my luck at
motion-picture photography.
However, I have spent 2 months running from store to store vainly
searching all over Leningrad for a movie camera. There are plenty of 16-rmm
cameras available, but no projectors for this size film are or have been
available. On the other hand, there are 8-mm projectors available, but I
cannot find a single 8-mm camera. -- V. Party (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto,
Sep 58, pp 83-84)
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II. LOCAL PRODUCTION AND ADMINISTRATION
Most favorable circumstances exist for the development of instrument
making in the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz, where the leading scientific research
institutes and a number of design and planning bureaus and plants are
located. Products of plants such as the Manometr, Tizpribor, and Komega
plants are very well known.
The Tizpribor Plant produces the type AUS preliminary control system.
The Energopribor and Komega Plants develop and produce electronic regulation
systems for small and medium power engineering installations.
A Moscow design bureau has developed and produced the first model of
a high-speed electronic computer for controlling hundreds of measured
quantities.
The Moscow Manometr plant designs and produces many types of instrument
transmitters. It was the first USSR plant to begin the production of
diaphragm differential manometers, which are used mainly for measuring the
amount of liquids or gases traveling in pipelines. The production of these
manometers has permitted a sharp cutback in the production of mercury float-
type manometers, which required an enormous expenditure of scarce mercury.
The Manometr Plant also produces many other electrical and pneumatic in-
strument transmitters, and secondary electronic instruments for measuring
temperature, flow, and level.
The Moscow Fizpribor Plant has produced a number of new, interesting
products.
Moscow enterprises produce all basic components for automation. How-
ever, the capabilities of Moscow in the development of instrument making
and automation equipment are not being utilized fully.
The insufficient capacity of instrument plants and design bureaus
does not enable them to put into production effectively and rapidly the
instruments developed by some of the largest scientific research institutes
of the Academy of Sciences USSR and Gosplan USSR. -- P. Adamov, Deputy
Chief, Administration of Radio Engineering Industry and Instrument Making,
Moscow City Sovnarkhoz (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 20 May 58)
Enterprises of the Administration of Electrical Engineering Industry
and Instrument Making of the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz produce heavy-current
capacitors, X-ray and Gamma-ray apparatus, motor vehicle and tractor storage
batteries, electric wire and cable, all types of thermometers, various in-
struments, and electrical insulation materials.
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In 1958, the enterprises of the administration are to increase their
production 9.5 percent over 1957. Results of the first few months of 1958
show that this task is on its way to being fulfilled.
Enterprises have fulfilled the new technology plan for the first quarter
of 1958 and have developed and built models of new products and materials,
including capacitors for 100-kv transmission lines, steatite insulators for
traction equipment, VTs.P.25 dial scales, various thermometers, thermal con-
tactors, and other equipment.
Much work in large-scale mechanization has been done at the Klin Thermo-
meter Plant, which previously had been operating at a loss. Now it fulfills
and exceeds its plan and has become a profitable enterprise.
-However, the administration has its laggards, such as the Lobnya Elec-
trical Engineering Plant, which does not fulfill its plan. It produces the
UPM-1 record player, which is obsolete and falls short of GOST requirements.
Besides the Lobnya plant, three others -- the [Khot?kovo] Elektroizolit
Plant, the Mytishchi Instrument Making Plant, and the Savvino Electrical
Machinery Plant -- did not fulfill their first-quarter 1958 plans for rais-
ing labor productivity. The (Serpukhov) Kondensator Plant, the [Podol'sk]
Mikroprovod Plant, the [Gzhel'] Elektroizolyator Plant, and the [Khot'kovo]
Elektroizolit Plant failed to lower production costs during the first quarter.
Various reasons for these failures exist, but in the main they are the
result of poor organization of production. The Elektroizolit Plant has more
workers than specified by the plan and uses more expensive materials than it
should.
The Mytishchi Instrument Making Plant and the Savvino Electrical Machin-
ery Plant did not fulfill their assignments for labor productivity because
most of their shop operations are carried out by obsolete methods.
Supply deficiencies cause great difficulties. This is particularly
true with electrical component units, such as selsyns, selenium elements,
and relays. Because of supply gaps, the Elektroizolit Plant, the Podol?-
skkabel? [Podol'sk Cable] Plant, and the [Teplyy Stan] Mosrentgen Plant
did not fulfill their first-quarter 1958 products-list plans. The supply
of hot rolled metal to the enterprises is absolutely unsatisfactory.
Despite these deficiencies, the electrical and instrument making in-
dustries of the sovnarkhoz are gathering speed and the existing problems
can be solved very soon.
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Between 1959 and 1965, plastics will replace metal in many of the
products made in the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz. It will be necessary to
develop and put into industrial production. more than 25 types of new
materials; about 125 type-sizes of new wire and cable; more than 200 type-
designations of machines, equipment, and instruments; and about 150 type-
sizes of new electric carbons and insulators.
To realize the plans for the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz, several problems
now delaying the future development of the electrical and instrument in-
dustries must be solved. The most important problem is the absence of
fully developed scientific research institutes, technological bureaus,
laboratories, and tool plants in the economic region.
The Scientific-Research Design and Technological Bureau for Glass
Medical Instruments and the,.branch of the Scientific Research Storage
Battery Institute do not have the proper equipment, premises, and special-
ists for carrying out work successfully. The Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz has
very few other institutes, design bureaus, and laboratories. It is im-
possible to depend on the large institutes and bureaus subordinate. to other
sovnarkhozes, Gosplan USSR, and Gosplan RSFSR. Gosplan RSFSR has accepted
only one quarter of the more than 100 projects submitted by the Moscow Oblast
Sovnarkhoz. The design and technological organizations transferred to the
Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz are unable to satisfy the needs of the electrical
industry. They could only accept five out of 25 projects submitted.
It is hoped that the problem of research and development in the Moscow
Oblast Sovnarkhoz will soon be solved, and that institutes and other organi-
zations under the jurisdiction of Gosplan USSR will be transferred to the
Administration of Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument Making of
the sovnarkhoz. This is especially true with regard to the Special Design
Bureau of the Cable Industry of Glavniiproyekt [Main Administration of
Scientific Research Institutes and Planning Organizations] of Gosplan, which
is located in Mytishchi; the branch of a scientific research institute of
Gosplan USSR, which is located at the [Kudinovo] Elektrougli Plant; and a
laboratory of the Scientific Research Institute for Plastics of the Ministry
of Chemical Industry, which was created on the base of the Podollsk Storage
Battery Plant.. -- M. Blagushin, Deputy Chief Engineer, Administration of
Electrical Engineering. Industry and Instrument Making, Moscow Oblast
Sovnarkhoz (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 27 May 58)
The Administration of Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument
Making of the Armenian Sovnarkhozne.eds engineers specializing in electronics,
instrument .making, relay manufacture, fiberglass manufacture, glass insulat-
ingmaterials..manufacture, and precision industrial jewel manufacture. to
.fill the pos.itiona.of chief technologists, chief designers, chief mechanics,
shop foremen and chiefs, and laboratory chiefs in newly organized plants.
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Applications should be made to the Administration of Electrical:
Engineering industry and... Instrument Making at ulitsa Amiryana, 6, Yerevan.
-- Advertisement (Yerevan, Kommunist, 16 May 58)
At a recent conference devoted to the. development of.instruments and
automation equipment in the Estonian SSR, it was noted that more than 30 new
instruments, including some based on radioactive isotopes, were put into
production in Estonia during the past year. High precision electronic in-
struments, taximeters, and automatic equipment for refrigerators are being
produced. Programed. regulators produced for air-conditioning equipment can
regulate temperature and humidity for 12 days running.
In 1958, the output of electrical and radio. measuring equipment in
the Estonian SSR will be tripled. According to the long-range 7-year plan,
the present volume of production of instrument-making plants will be tripled.
It is intended to construct several new plants. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 28 May 58)
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III. ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
A. Bulbs and Tubes
The Moscow Electric Bulb Plant is producing a new type of high-pressure
mercury lamp (1). Such lamps are designed for illuminating large shops.
(Moscow, Izvestiya, 9 Jul 58)
(1) Photo showing the new mercury lamps being tested available in
source,, p 3, top
The mass production of fluorescent lamp starters and fixtures should
be started in the Armenian SSR as soon as possible. The Yerevan Electric
Bulb Plant is capable of sharply increasing its output of fluorescent lamps.
For this purpose, the Armenian Sovnarkhoz need provide only a certain amount
of supplementary materials. The large-scale use of fluorescent lamps in-
stead of incandescent lamps will provide better lighting efficiency and
will save power. -- M. Tsaturyan, Director, Yerevan Electric Bulb Plant
(Yerevan, Kommunist, 30 May 58)
R.` Amiryan is chief engineer of the Yerevan Electric Bulb Plant.
(Yerevan, Kommunist, 7 Jun 58)
The Ryazan' Electric Bulb Plant has a special automatic cutoff machine
for trimming the tubular bulbs of lamps and radio tubes. This machine
processes an average of 86,000.bulbs per shift. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, ?+ Jun 58)
The application of luminescent coating to television picture tubes is
done automatically at the Lvov Electric Bulb Plant. A special automatic
pouring frame for this purpose has been installed on the conveyer (2).
(Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 21 May 58)
(2) Photo available in source, p 1, top
B. Transmitters
While the widely used USSR-made 50-kw broadcast transmitters are up
to modern standards in general, they have one essential defect: unreli-
ability in operation, owing to the employment of low-quality components
and to certain design and circuit deficiencies.
One serious deficiency in the high-frequency part of the transmitter
is overheating of.circuit coils and movable slip rings. In one case, the
slip rings went out of order after several days of operation. Another
deficiency, the occurrence of breakdowns in the output feeder, was eliminated
by removing the porcelain centering lugs.
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A year's operation disclosed serious deficiencies in the design of the
flahges+rhach carry water to the tanks of the tubes and coils. Because of
bad corrosion in these flanges, water begins to leak through after 8-10
months and the transmitter has to be shut down for a long time for repairs.
The design of the circuit units of the two final stages of the trans-
m ittar is very inconvenient. It is very difficult to change tubes in these
stages, and there is no norm covering the time spent in this work. The units
are often damaged because the polyethylene washers used in them melt.
The TRl-15/15 thyratrons used by the plant have not proved satisfactory
in operation. Frequent flash backs cause damage in the circuits. The lower
power TR;L-6/15 thyratron is incomparably better in operation.
Shutdowns have often occurred because the absorption resistors on the
plates of the generator and modulator tubes burn out. Frequent interphase
sparkover in the automatic contactor which feeds the small rectifier made
it necessary to replace this contactor with another type.
The low quality of the wound components should be noted. Transformers,
particularly filament transformers, often broke down; after they were rewound,
breakdowns stopped occurring.
The radio industry should give serious attention to these and other
defects in 50-kw transmitters and should take steps to correct them. (Moscow,
Vestnik Svyazi, Aug 58, p 27)
C. Prices
The following prices were quoted in an official prize list of the state
lottery for the Ukrainian SSR (in rubles):
Vostok-57 radio-phonograph in polished cabinet 1,200
Dnepr-9 tape recorder 1,650
Rekord radio-phonograph )+95
(Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 27 May 58)
The :following prices were quoted in an official prize list of the state
lottery for the Tadzhik SSR (in rubles):
EG-2 electric phonograph
450
Irtysh radio-phonograph
1,100
Lyuks or Druzhba radio-phonograph
2,300
Tape recorder [unidentified]
1,500
(Stalinabad, Kommunist Tadzhikistana, 27 May 58)
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The [Moscow] Central Trade Base of Posyltorg [All-Union Mail Order
Office] has received a consignment of radio receivers which will be shipped
on order to prospective purchasers. The prices are as follows (in rubles):
Voronezh battery radio receiver with
,five tubes and two wave bands, keyboard
in plastic cabinet, with antenna controls,
Voronezh radio receiver complete with
batteries and antenna
Voronezh radio receiver complete with
thermoelectric generator and antenna
256
381
Orders for radio receivers will be accepted until 1 July 1958. The
prices quoted include all shipping. costa. to the Belorussian SSR.
-- Advertisement (Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 28 May 58)
D. Radios
A Leningrad scientific research institute has developed the Festival
all-transistor pocket radio, which has the shape and size of a small book.
(Moscow, Trud, 22 May 58)
The Voronezh Elektrosignal Plant has designed the new Strela portable
radio receiver, which weighs 800 grams and has keyboard band switches.
(Moscow, Izvestiya, 29 May 58)
The new Volna three-tube radio receivers have appeared in the stores
of the Udmurtskaya ASSR. These sets have keyboard band switches and
horizontal tuning dials.
The Ural, Moskvich, and Kama radio receivers and radio-phonographs
are produced in Udmurtskaya ASSR. In 1958, the Sarapull Plant imeni
Ordzhonikidze mastered the production of the Kometa radio-phonograph, which
differs from ordinary sets in that it has an ultrashort-wave band. (Moscow,
Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 20 May 58)
The Moscow Krasnyy'Oktyabr' Plant will start production of the first
Zarya radio sets and make them available to the trade network by the end
of 1958.
Masal'skiy is director of the plant. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva,
5 Aug 58)
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The new Zarya radio receiver is housed in a plastic cabinet. It has
two knobs and four keys for control and tuning to stations operating in the
long~a medium-wave bands. Its great sensitivity permits reception of a
large number of stations.
The volume of the Zarya's sound is sufficient for an average-size
.room. It has a type 1-GD-9 oval speaker and special elements in its system
for pleasant sound reproduction. Rated output power is 0.5 watt, the audio
band width is 150-3,500 cycles, and sound pressure is 3.5 bars. It can
also be used with any record player.
The Zarya has three miniature tubes (two type 61lP and one type
6P14P) and three germanium diodes (one type DG-Ts4 and two type DG-Ts27).
This receiver may be, plugged into any AC source of 127 or 220 volts.
Input power is 30 watts. The set measures 290 x 210 x 160 mm and weighs
4 kg.
Production of the Zarya will begin during the second half of 1958.
The tentative price is 250 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 8, 1958,
p 3)
The new Dnipro-58 radio receiver, designed by the Dnepropetrovsk Radio
Plant "(DRZ), is a superheterodyne set using three miniature. tubes. It
receives stations in the long-, medium-, and short-wave bands. Its sen-
sitivity is at least 300 microvolts in the long- and medium-wave bands and
500 microvolts in the short-wave band. With an output power of 0.5 volt-
ampere and a sound pressure of 4.5 bars, the type 1-GD-9 loud-speaker
reproduces a sound-frequency band width from 150 to 3,500 cyc.Les. The
receiver has keyboard controls consisting of five keys. Three of these
are for switching. wave bands, the fourth for connecting a record player,
and the fifth for on-off switching. The right side of the set has a knob
for tuning, and the left side has a double knob, the larger for tone control
and the smaller for volume. The set is powered by AC through a selenium
rectifier and has an input of no more than 35 watts. The imitation fine
wood cabinet measures 430 x 230 x 2 0 mm. The set costs 350 rubles.
The new Dnipro-58 radio-phonograph, designed by the same plant, has a
universal record player located in the top of the set above the radio. The
record player consists of a two-speed induction motor and a piezoceramic
pickup arm with two sapphire needles, for both standard and long-playing
records. For phonograph operation, the set reproduces a sound-frequency
band width from 150 to 5,000 cycles at an input of no more than 50 watts,
The imitation fine wood cabinet measures 435 x 285 x 315 mm. The set costs
650 rubles.
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The Dnepropetrovsk Radio Plant will produce an experimental. consign-
ment of Dnipro-58 radio receivers and radio-phonographs during 1958.
(Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 7, 1958, p 7)
The new Sverdlovsk portable radio receiver is an eight-transistor set
powered by three flashlight batteries connected in series. It has a power
input of 23 milliamperes. This set, which uses small-size parts and units,
employs a 1-GD-9 oval speaker and a printed circuit. A type P6G triode
performs the functions of frequency converter and heterodyne. The.inter-
mediate frequency amplifier has two stages using type P6V triodes. The
detector is based on a type DGTs8 diode. The first audio amplifier and
output stage are based on a push-pull circuit and operate on type 'P6V
triodes. To improve the quality of sound of the receiver, the audio
amplifier system uses negative feedback.. The set also has a "broad-range"
(glubokiy) automatic gain control.
The Sverdlovsk receives stations operating in"the long- and medium-
wave bands. It has an internal magnetic antenna.
Mass production of these sets will be started early in 1959. (Moscow,
Novyye Tovary, No 7, 1958, p 7)
During development of the new Lyuks-2 radio-phonograph (an improved
model of the Lyuks radio-phonograph) at the Riga VEF Plant; particular
attention was devoted to improvingthe'reliability.of the receiver and
electric parameters'.
The Lyuks-2 has 11 miniature tubes, a selenium rectifier, and 6 wave
bands. The set'is equipped-with an internal rotating magnetic antenna for
reception on the long- and medium-wave bands, and provision is made for
attaching an external antenna for short-wave reception. 'A,special internal
antenna (dipole) is for the reception of ultrashort-wave broadcasting.
Also, the set has dual tone controls and a wide-band nondirectional acoustical
system.
The audio band width in the long-, medium-, and short-wave bands is
60-6,500 cycles; in the ultrashort-wave band, 60-12,000 cycles;.and for the
record player, 60-7,000 cycles. The rated output power is 6 watts and sound
pressure is 20 bars. Sensitivity in the long-, medium-, and short-wave bands
is at least 50 microvolts, and in the ultrashort-wave band, 10 microvolts.
The sensitivity at the phonograph` jack at rated output is at least 0.2 volt.
The Lyuks-2 may be hooked up to a phonograph pickup, a tape recorder,
or a portable speaker, and provision has been made for a ground wire and an
ultrashort wave antenna.
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The set can be powered from any ordinary power network of 110, 127, or
220 volts". Power input.for the radio receiver is no more than 85 watts,
and for the record player, about 100 watts. The set weighs 27 kg and
measures 625'x 450 x 365 mm. The price is 2,300 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye
Tovary, No 9, 1956,.p 2)
The new ar'kov.radio-phonograph is a five-tube superheterodyne radio
receiver with a universal record player. It receives stations in the long-,,
medium-, short-, and ultrashort-wave bands. Its sensitivity on the long-,
medium-, and short-wave bands is at least 200 microvolts, and on,the
ultrashort-wave band, at least 20'microvolts. It has an output of 2 volt-
amperes, two,type 2GD-3 loud-speakers ,"and dual tone controls. The universal
record player has a crystal piclcup and a two-speed motor.
The set does not use more than 55 watts input for radio reception or
more than 70 watts , for' record-playing. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 6, 1958,
p 3)
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E. Television
The PTU-OM1 :television unit is the most Simple and inexpensive
of all present-day types of transmitting television equipment. It is
designed for large-scale use in various branches of the national economy.
The PTU-OM1 consists of two units: a television camera with a
vidicon-type transmitting tube and a video receiver with a 35LK2B picture
tube. The camera can be installed up to 150 meters from the video
receiver and provides a picture with 300 lines at 50 frames per second.
The PTU-2M television unit is compact, simple, and inexpensive.
It receives pictures with high definition, and is rated, for large-scale
use in various branches of the national economy.
. The -PTU-2M consists. of a television camera with a vidicon-type trans-
mitting tube, a channel unit, and a video receiver. The camera-can be
equipped with a lens head to permit the interchange of two lenses, the
selection of an-aperature, and the focusing of lenses'by remote control.
The camera can be installed up to 1,000 meters from the rest of the equip-
ment. The channel unit consists of a video amplifier, an ultrashort-
wave oscillator, a sweep oscillator, a power pack, and a synchro-generator.
The channel unit is based'on transistors, and provides interlaced scanning
with 625 lines at 25 frames per second.
This unit is adaptable for the hookup of five regular tele-
vision receivers, which can be installed 5O)-800 meters from the channel
unit.
The PTU-2M can be provided with a special switchboard and a
special channel unit, in which case it is called the PTU-1+.
The PT -5 television. unit is basically designed for underwater
observation. It consists of a television camera with an LI-17 trans-
mitting tube, which can be installed in a special air-tight housing; a
channel unit consisting of a miniature video control device; a power pack
containing a synchro-generator and scanners, which provide interlaced
scanning with 625 lines at 25 frames per second; and a special exten-
sion video control unit using a 35LK2B picture tube. The camera can be
extended up to 500 meters from the rest of the unit.
(Source contains illustrations of the units described.) (Moscow,
Tekhnika Kino i Televideniya, Aug 58, pp 27-29)
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Production at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine is being
managed with the aid of television. The screen is permanently located
before the chief dispatcher of the combine. Television cameras are
located throughout the, various shops and work areas of the combine, where
they aid in the proper performance-of various operations. Installation
of even more cameras is being undertaken. (Moscow, Izvestiya, 29 May
58)
No true "mass" , television set,"-which means a set that
everyone can own,,has.ci}?eenJ produced., in the USSR. The nearest
thing available is the small-screen KVN-4+9 television set, which is
currently the most popular set in the USSR, just as it was 9 years ago.
Two years ago, the Leningrad Plant imeni Kozitskiy, the oldest
radio engineering enterprise in the USSR, began developing a mass-type
television set, and in 1957, developed the Zarya television set with a
screen measuring 5 cm along its diagonals. This set can at first partially
sat .fy the need for a mass-type model, but its circuit and design
peculiarities make it difficult to mechanize its production, to use
advanced manufacturing methods; to repair the set, and to modernize it.
The development of a mass-type television receiver is a complex
and, specific task, and one cannot expect a single enterprise to find the
best solution alone.
The radio engineering industry has substantial experience in
combining the creative forces of plants and institutes for solving com-
plicated problems. This was the case with the development of the unified
Lyuks, Oktava,and Baykal radio receivers, which USSR industry is mass-
producing now. Why could not the,same know-how be applied to the develop-
ment of a mass-type television receiver? Leningrad has a substantial
number of highly qualified engineers specializing in television, who
could solve the problem:. of a mass-type television set in a short time.
It is hoped that the Leningrad Television Institute, the leading organiza-
tion in the USSR, will not stand idly by.
The Leningrad Planning and Design Bureau [not further identified]
has conducted substantial work in studying and comparing various methods
of designing and building modern radioelectronic apparatus. The functional
assembly system, whereby a set is composed of independent assemblies, has
proved to be the most promising. However, this system has not been adopted
sufficiently in the development of radioelectronic equipment.
The experimental Komsomolets television set, which consists of
five independent assemblies, was developed to demonstrate the feasibility
of the functional assembly system. This set utilizes printed circuits
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made by etching foil-covered "getinaks" (laminated plastic), The Komso-
molets has a rectangular picture tube with a screen measuring 35 cm along
the diagonals. It utilizes a little more.than 100 watts of electric power,
and according to its e1Je ical Liarameters, It qualifies as a mass-type
receiver.
The functional assemblies used for making the Komsomolets can
lso be used in sets with larger picture tubes.
There is a substantial gap between the laboratory table and the
plant conveyer; development of a television model In a laboratory does
sort mean that all problems have.been solved. At present, an average of
2 1/2 years passes from the time that a television model is developed to
the time It is put.into industrial production. By then, it-is alrt-ady
obsolete and no longer meets consumer requirements. Thus, a plant a s
operations have to be disrupted and it must start.' anew.
Despite the most earnest efforts of plants producing television
sets, they have thus far failed to reduce the gap between advanced tech-
nical ideas and the embodiment of these ideas in production.
Functional assemblies could solve these problems. It would be
la-nnecessary to start from scratch in designing each new receiver. The
assemblies could be produced centrally at specialized enterprises. The
assembly system could make it possible to automate the production of
television receivers.
It seems strange that in Leningrad, the city of advanced tech-
nology, the KVNJ 9, the most primitive television set in the USSR, is
being produced. It is true that-intense efforts are'being made in pre-
paring for the production of the Zarya television set. However, the
Zarya can be considered only a temporary model. It is therefore necessary
to prepare for the production of a better mass-type television set. -- K.
Ruinov a A A. Sorin, Engineers (Leningradskaya Pravda, 7 Jun 58)
A plant of the radio industry of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz.
is getting ready for the production of Zarya television sets. This set
has a screen measuring 28 x 21 cm, which is twice the size of the screen
of the KVNJ49 television set.
Experimental models of the Zarya are being assembled on con-
+eyerz. The Zarya weighs only 15 kg, and will use only half the power
r ee '.ed for the KVN-49. ItviU be made .available to purchasers in 1958; the
first consignment of the set will go on sale in October.
The plant is developing.a new television set, the Zaryaa-590 It
is based entirely on printed circuits, which are produced by the galvanic
(probably hot zinc spray or print] method.. This process was developed
by the plant and the Scientific Research Technological Institute of the
Leni,n.gradskiy Sovnarkhoz.
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The plant will produce 10,000 of the new television sets during
the last quarter of 1958. Beginning in January 1959, 10,000 such sets
will be supplied to the stores monthly. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 17 May
58)
The modernized Znamya-58 televison set has been developed by a
plant of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz. It is designed for receiving 12
television channels, which makes it adaptable for use in any city in the
USSR where there is a television station.
The 'Znamya-58 utilizes miniature tubes, and has semiconductors
in its rectifier unit. It utilizes a type 1GD-9 oval loud-speaker on
the pont panel and a round 2GD-3 loud-speaker on the side panel.
The set reproduces sound in a frequency band of 100-60,000 cycles,
with a sound pressure of 4 bars. Sensitivity on all 12 channels is 200
microvolts. Resolution capacity is 450-500 lines. Input power is 140
watts.
The production of Znamya-58 televison sets is slated for the
third quarter of 1958., A total of 60,008 of these. sets will be produced
in 1958. They will sell for 2,500 rubles apiece. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary,
No 6, 1958, p 4)
The Krasnoyarsk Television Plant has shipped more than 20,000
Avangard television sets to the trade network. The plant has developed
the new Yenisey television set, a striking improvement over the Avangard-
55. It will have lower weight.and input power and .a larger screen, and
will receive 12 channels. It will be put into production during the.
second half of 1958. (Moscow,'Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 6 Jun
58)
The Moscow Television Equipment Plant is getting ready for the
mass production of the new Almaz-102 and Rubin-102 television sets. The
first experimental models of these sets, which were produced before May
1958, have already undergone successful testing.
Both sets have FM ultrashort-wave bands. Both are rectangular-
screen 19-tube table models, capable of receiving 12 television channels.
The Almaz 102 has a screen measuring 340 x 450 mm; the Rubin-102 has a
screen measuring 270 x 360 mm.
The plant has produced an experimental model of the Kristal1-
104 combination radio-television set. This set consists of an Almaz
television receiver, a,Lyuks Class-1 all-wave radio receiver, and a tape
recorder. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 2 Jun 58)
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The Moscow [Television Equipment] Plant has developed the new
Rubin-102, Rubin-201, and Rubin 202 television .sets, which are equal in
quality to those produced. by foreign firms and are superior in image
definition. Either 43LK2B.metal-glass picture tubes or 43LK3B all-glass
picture tubes can be used in, these sets. They have a screen size of 270
x 360 mm and can receive FM broadcasts in the ultrashort-wave band.
Each set has 19 tubes and semiconductor diodes. The acoustical
system of the Rubin-102 table-model television set consists of two 1-GD-9
oval. speakers located on the front. The Rubin 201 and 202 console models
use two 1-GD-9 oval speakers, two 2-GD-3?round speakers, and'1 VGD-l
"tweeter" apiece. They are supplied from 110-, 127-, or 220-volt circuits.
The Rubin 102 measures 495 x 480 x 435 mm; the Rubin-201, 950x, 49o 'x 450
and the Rubin 202, 1,045 x 490 x 460 mm.
The table below gives comparative specifications of the new
sets and the old Rubin,televisibn set:
Rubin-102, 201, and 202
Rubin
Input power (watts)
For television
For FM reception
150
60
180
90
Resolution capacity (number of
clearly distinguishable lines)
550
Number of channels
12
5
Sensitivity (microvolts)
For FM reception
50
200
For audio and video
100
200
Minimum number :)f brightness
gradations
8
7
Audio band. width (cycles) 80-8,000 8o-6,0o0
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Rubin-102,,201, and 202 Rubin
Sound pressure (bars)
8
6
Maximum nonlinear distortion (%)
Horizontal
10
12
Vertical
7.
10
The production of these television sets is planned'for the end
of 1958 or the beginning Qf,1959. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 79 1958,
pp 4-5)
The new L'viv television set has been developed on the base of
the well-known Rekord television set. The new receiver utilizes only
miniature tubes and has an automatic line-frequency trimmer. Its screen
measures 360 x 270 mm, the maximum size for type l+3LK2B picture tubes.
The L'viv is equipped with the unified PTP-1 attachment, which
enables it to operate in five television channels and three ultrashort-
wave FM channels. Its controls are located on the side and back of the
cabinet<
The two-stage low-frequency amplifier of the set is based on 11 a 611P triode and a.6P11+P pentode. It has a nondistorted audio.output
of 2 watts and'a coefficient of nonlinear distortion of 7 percent in
the sound track. Types 2GD3 and 1GD9 loudspeakers are installed under
the screen on the front of the set.
The L'viv measures 525.-.x.,495 x -m,,wei s 29 k , and -sells for
2,600 rubles. It has 16 tubes, ai~ input of 145 watts for broadcast
reception. 'a sensitivity of 100 microvolts for the audio and video
channels, and a frequency band width of 80-8,000 cycles. (Moscow, Novyye
Tovary, No 5, 1958P p 5)
The Voronezh table-model television set has 13 miniature tubes,
an octal base tube, semiconductor diodes, and a type 43LK2B (metal-glass)
or type L3LK3B (glass) cathode-ray tube. This set also has a standard
12-channel selector switch. A type 1-GD-9 speaker is mounted on the
right side of the cabinet.
Sensitivity on each channel is at least 200 microvolts. Image
resolution is at least 500'lines in the center of the screen, and there
are eight discernable contrast gradations. The audio frequency band width
is 160-6,000 cycles and sound pressure. is 2 bars. Input.. power doer not
e eed 150 Matta. The tentative price of the set is 1,900,rubles.
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The following table compares the Voronezh with the Rekord set:
Voronezh Rekord
No of channels 12 5
Ultrashort-wave and FM None Yes
Screen size (mm) 270 x 360 210 x 280
In % of total
front panel area 62 31
Dimensions of cabinet (mm) 445 x 385 x 580 485 x 425 x 420
No of tubes 14 16
Input power (watts) 150 165
(Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 9) 1958, p 4)
F. Tape Recorders
The Kiev Radio Equipment Plant has developed the new improved Dnepr-
10 tape recorder. Testing of this recorder by the Scientific Research
Iristttute of Sound Recording has shown it to be superior to the earlier
Dnepr-9 tape recorder.
The Dnepr-10 does double-track recording on a standard type-2,
7.35- tape from a microphone, a wired-radio network, phonograph records,
and radio receivers and television sets having outlets for extra speakers.
Playback is effected with two built-in speakers, or with external speakers
or amplifiers.
The tape moves at a speed of 19.05 cm per second; recording duration
is 2 x 30 minutes [i.e., 30 minutes per track].
The frequency characteristic band width is 50-10,000 cycles. With
a normal output of 2.5 watts, nonlinear distortion is less than 5 percent.
Two 6N85 and one 6P6S tubes are used in the record-playback amplifier, a
6Ts5S tube is used in the rectifier, and 6F5S tube is used as a record-
ing amplitude indicator.
The Dnepr-10 is supplied from a 110-, 127-, or 220-volt, 50-cycl
AC circuit, and its maxianua input power does not exceed 80 watts. The
unit measures 350 x 510 x 320 mm and weighs 21 kg. It will go on sale
during the second quarter of 1958 and will sell for 1,600 rubles. (Moscow,
Novyye Tovary, No 5, 1958, p 4)
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USSR industry has started series production of the.Akkord portable
tape recorder. It will record either speech or music through a micro-
phone, from a wired-radio network, from a. radio receiver, from a tele-
vision set, and also from a record player. It does double-track record-
ing for more economical-use of the tape.
Playback is effected through an internal. .plifier and two
type 1-GD-9 speeker9: or through external amplifiers or radio receivers.
The tape recorder is controlled by means of two knobs, one for selecting
the type of operation to be performed and the other for selecting rewind
speeds. The set-bas a dial-type count indicater to facilitate finding
any part of a recording on a roll. New recording automatically erases
previous recording. The tape comes out.of the recording head during
rewinding.
The Akkord is smaller and more attractive than previous models
because of extensive use of plastics. and the use of small components
such as miniature magnetic heads and an electric motor with an external
rotor.
The tape moves at a.speed of .9.53 cm/sec. Recording on one track
of a 250-meter spool (one full reel) takes '45 minutes. The rated output
eapacity~of the sets amplifier"ie 1.5 watts. Nonlinear distortion does
not exceed 5 percent, The frequency characteristic band width is 50-6,000
cycles. Volume and tone.control"cover a wide range. The amplifier uses
only miniature tubes and a selenium rectifier.. The set receives its
power from an AC source'of 110, 127, 200, or 220 volts. The maximum
input power for both recording and playback is no more than 75 watts,
and for rewind, no. more than 110 watts. The set weighs 13.5 kg and its
dimensions are 365 x 295 x 200 mm. It will become available for purchase
during the" second half of-1958. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 8, 1958,
p 2)
G. Communications Equipment
The Scientific Research Institute of the Radio Engineering Industry
and the Installation Administration of Mezhgorsvyazstroy'[State All-Union
Trust for the Construction of Intercity Wire Communications Installations)
have developed transistorized auxiliary amplifiers.for K-24 high-frequency
line-adding systems, These amplifiers have been given the conventional,
designation, VKUS-24.
The type VKUS-24 amplifiers measure 145 x 40 mm, are highly eco-
nomical, and provide amplification of 4.7 nepers for 108-kc currents.
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A set of type VKUS.24+ amplifiers has already been installed on a
trunkline. (Moscow, Vestnik Svyazi, Aug 58, inside front cover)
The Leningrad.Krasnaya Zarya Plant-is the producer of the UATS-
50/100 agency dial telephone station [PBX],, which is on display at the
1958 lndustriai-Exposition in Moscow. (Moscow, Vestnik Svyazi, Aug 58,
p14)
The type FTA M2 telephotographic apparatus,, which uses a drum-type
scanning system, is designed mainly for the transmission of semitone
pictures, but can also be used for black-and-white pictures,, sketches,
and texts. It is also capable of transmitting color pictures, which
are received as black-and-white pictures..
The FTA-M2 apparatus will operate on wire, cable,.and radio-relay
lines in the channels of line-adding. apparatus with effectively trans-
mitted frequency bands of 300-2,700 `and 300-3,400 cycles. It is supplied
from a 127- or 220-volt, 50-cycle AC line. It consists of two independent
portable units: a transmitter (3) and a receiver (4), each of which
measures 600 mm x 395 mm x 285 mm and weights 4+2 kg.
(Source gives detailed descr ptions.of the FTA-M2.) (Moscow, Vestnik
Svyazi, Aug 58, pp 2-5)'
(3) Photo avaiIab1.o,j source, p,4
(4) Photo available in source,'.p;3_
H. Institute and Plant,Information
The Scientific Research Institute of the Radio Engineering Industry
.has designed a standard suspension-type cableway conveyer for intraplant
transport of blanks, semifinished products, and finished products. This
conveyer consists of standardized parts and components. A monorail
holding a carriage with hangers is installed along the cableway. It is
controlled from a main panel and from emergency signal ~osts installed
along the conveyer route. The 'use of a three-speed drive unit (2-10
meters/min) makes it possible to use the conveyer under various pro-
duction conditions. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Jun
58)
Construction of the Minsk Radio Plant began in 1951, and within.
4 years, it was operating at its planned capacity. In 1954 one of its
shops began the production of the Minsk-R-7-51 Class-2 radio receiver.
Within a year, the plant produced the Belarus'-52 Class-1 radio receiver.
Since then, it has developed 11 original designs of radio receivers,
radio-phonographs, and television sets. Most of the models accepted
for as production, received high ratings from the Council of EXperts
of the Pavilion of the Best Models of Consumer Goods.
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The Council of experts awarded 25,000 rubles to the best workers of
.the plant for mastering the production of the new Belarus'-57 Class-1
radio receiver in 1957.. This new receiver incorporates many .of the
latest achievements of radio engineering,. including the use of miniature
tubes and semiconductor components.
The Belarus?-3, the first combination radio-phonograph television
set ever. produced in the USSR, which recently appeared in the atones of
the Belorussian SSR, is now in great demand.
In April 1958x, the plant began the mass production of the new Minsk-
58 radio-phonograph, which replaces the earlier-produced Minsk-R-7. This
set.consists of a six-tube superheterodyne receiver and a universal record
player, and uses many semiconductor components. It has an ultrashort-wave
band., a rotating internal antenna, and dual tone controls.
The plant is now developing new 12-channel large-screen television
sets with improved audio systems.
The plant fulfills or exceeds its plan each month. Xudelevich is
plant directory P.mpyansk.y is chief engineer. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary.,
No 7,1958,p3)
{Comments If the above article is accurate, the Minsk Radio Plant,
formerly subordinate to the Ministry of Local and Fuel Industry Belorussian
SSR., is not the same as the Minsk Radio Plant imeni Molotov, which was
producing radio receivers as early-as 1917.
The existence of two radio plants in Minsk was previously indicated
by a reference to an unidentified Minsk plant of the Ministry of Radio
Engineering Industry USSR in Invest yap 8 September 1954- If a new
Minsk Radio Plant of local subordination went into operation-in 1951, it
is possible that the former Plant imeni Molotov was the unidentified all-
union plant and that it stopped..its civilian production after the new
plant went into operation.
This may be a situation similar to the transfer of civilian radio
production from the Moscow Order of Lenin Radio Plant to the Moscow
Krasnyy Oktyabr' Radio Plant.]
The Riga Radio Plant imeni A. S. Popov went into operation in 1946.,
and at first produced only the Tm689 and T?755 receivers. In 1952, it
began to produce'the Riga-10 radio receiver, and later the Riga-51 radio-
phonograph. In 1956, it began the production of the Daugava radio receiver
and radio-phonograph.
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The Daugava, which is now called the Sakta and has a different
external design, is popular in all parts of the USSR. The Daugava
model radio-phonograph is now produced by three other plants under
the names Iset', Irtysh and Avrora.
The Plant imeiii Popov regularly fulfills its plan for the pro-
duction of radio equipment. It produces almost all of its own com-
ponents and subassemblies, with the exception of tubes and certain
magnetic materials., It produces .components at a cost much lower than
other plants, which supply them to enterprises of the radio engineering
industry.
The Festival' radio receiver, which was developed by the plant and
approved for mass production,'is the best radio receiver in the USSR.
(Moscow, Novyye Tovary),No 5, 1958, p 2)
A recent conference on supply at the Riga Radio Plant imeni Popov
has netted favorable results. Buzdin, chief of the Latsnabsbyt [Adminis-
tration of Supply and Sales of the Latvian SSR?] has changed his attitude
toward the needs of the;plant for special working clothes and has allotted
the number required by the plant. Bragilevskiy, chief of the base of
Khimreaktiv [Administration for the Sale of Chemical Reagents?] has
seen to it that the plant receives the chemical reagents that it needs
badly.
However, Shelyganov, chief of Glavlesobumsnabsbyt [Main Administra-
tion for the Sale of Wood and Paper], who was present at the conference,
paid no attention to the desires of the participants at the conference.
The plant has not yet r eceived kriii'e blade veneer or high-quality plywood
from his administration.
Pavlovskiy is chief technologist of the Plant imeni Popov. (Riga,
Sovetskaya Latviya, 17 May 58)
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The series production of reliable control and computing machines
can occur only with the use of series-produced radio components with
long service lives and special parameters for electronic pulse circuits.
At present, unfortunately, each of the 20 or so organizations.engaged
in the research and development of computing machines has' to design and
build its own magnetic and semiconductor components. This causes waste
and ,delays the series production of machines.
It is time to solve the problem of organizing the development and
series production of standard radio components, semiconductors, and pulse-
measuring apparatus for,.electronic mathematical and control. machines by
the radio engineeritg iixdustry. A scientific, research institute special-
izing in magnetic radio components for mathematical and control machines
and automation equipment should be organized.
The long time (up to 2-3 years) req>j.red for the development and
l)r,ructioxi of new e erim`ental models of electronic` computers is a
serious' deficiency The main cause of this situation 'is usually
the unsatisfactory facilities for experimental production provided for
experimental design and scientific research work. An example of this
is the Moscow SAM [Computing and Analyzing'Machine) Plant, which pro-
duces models of newly developed electronic computers. This plant is
slow in carrying out experimental operations because it is overloaded
with series production assignments.
A qualified efficient experimental production base for newly developed
electronic computers is a need that cannot be shunted aside. Such a base
could cut the development-production time in half. -- Yu. Ya. Bazilevskiy,
Deputy Chief of a Special Design Bureau (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 17 May 58)
The Moscow Computing and Analyzing Machine Plant produces storage
units (5 ) for mathematical machines. (Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda,
27 May 58)
(5) Photc available in source, p 2, top
The Moscow Computing and Analyzing Machine Plant is producing T-5-M
tabulators with IP-80 card punch machines, which will be equipped with a
special electronic attachment. These machines will be installed in the
mechanical computation factory, where the data on the USSR census will
be processed.
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N. F. Fedotov is chief of the tabulator shop of the Moscow Computing
and Analyzing Machine Plant. (Tbilisi, 'Zarya Vostoka, 10 Jun 58)
The Moscow Scientific Research. Institute off-Computer Machine Build-
ing has designed the MN--10 computer, (6), the first analog computer with
a fully transistorized circuit. It is designed for the study of various
automatic regulation systems up to the sixth order utilizing electrical
analogy for solving problems. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 5 Jun 58)
(6) Photo showing.an MN-10 being setup for operation available
in source, p 3, right
Nllschetan.ash (Scientific. Research Institute of Computer Machine
Building) has developed the VPRR-2 instrument for determining cutting
conditions for turning, Milling, and drilling. It can also be used
for technical norm setting and for research work in cutting laboratories.
The VPRR-2 is based on the electrical compensation principle, with
the use of potentiometers. Its specifications are as follows:
Number of. variables
Accuracy of ca1.eutions
Input power
Input voltage
Dimensions
23
Plus or minus 5 percent
120 watts
220/127/36 volts, 50 cycles
640x230x430mm
25.kg
The instrument is very reliable and simple to operate. It was
tested successfully by Nllschetmash, and Gosp.lan USSR-has recommended it
for production.
(Source gives additional descriptive matter and a circuit diagram.)
(Moscow, Byulleten' Tekhniko-Ekonomicheskoy Informatsii, No 8, 1958,
pp 39-40)
Penza instrument makers [of the Penza Computing and Analyzing
Machine Plant ] have begun the production of the S-45,6 special 'sorting
and calculating machines on order for the Central Statistical Administration
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of the Council of Ministers USSR. The 5-1+5-6 machines are designed
for processing the materials of the all-union census. Such a
machine will process the data for 250 persons in one minute.
Experimental models of the new machines have been successfully
tested and have been sent to the Central Statistical Administration.
The Penza workers will finish the total order by October 1958. (Yerevan,
Kommunist, 20 May 58)
The Ku i-& CompitingMachine Plant has developed the new Kursk adding
machine, which is better than the Feliks adding machine. (Moscow,
Izvestiya, it. Jun 58)
A new Ural automatic digital computer (7) has been installed and
put into operation at the computing center of the Academy of Science
USSR. This machine is small enough to be used in design bureaus of
industrial enterprises for carrying out complex mathematical computa-
tions in designing machine tools, subassemblies, and machine parts.
(Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva,, 22 May 58)
(7) Photo available in source, p 1, bottom
A Ural computer, the first universal automatic computer in the
computing cu,iter of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics imeni
Romanovskiy, Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR, is now being set up for
operation. (Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka, 21 May 58)
A special BI-S electrical integrator (8) is in operation at the
All-Union Oil and Gas Research and Development Institute. It is the
world's first automatic machine for determining the optimum operational
routines for oil am gas fields. It was developed by Soviet scientists
a.nd specialists.
The EI-S is a machine that can study the processes occurring, under-
ground and can predict the extraction of oil in areas thousands of kilo-
meters from Moscow. It can also make predictions for 5-6 years in
advance. (Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 22 May 58)
(8) Photo available in source, p 1, top
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V. INSTRUMENTS
A. General Information
Instrtlilie is and automation are important. factors augmenting the de-
fense capabilities of she USSR. Precision instruments are essential for
modern armament'. Success in the field of atomic physics, in testing inter-
continental ballistic missiles, and in launching earth satellites evidences
the competence of the instrument making industry.
The growing; importance of the leading scientific research institutes
and design bureaus of Gosplan USSR has become manifest, especially the
State All-Union Central Scientific Research Institute of Over-all Auto-
mation, the Scientific Research institute of Thermal Power Engineering
Instraaznent Making, the Scientific Research Institute of Computer Machine
Buildin;, the All-Union Scientific Research Technological Institute of
Instrument Making, and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of
Electrical Measuring Instruments.. These institutes must direct the work
of their counterparts on the republic level.
In an effort to meet the increasing demand for instruments and auto-
mation equipment, it has,been decided to construct 26 new instrument build-
ing plants and to reconstruct l7 others during the Sixth Five-Year Plan.
However, this will by Sao' means satisfy the demand for-instruments., es-
pecially in agriculture,
Design bureaus, scientific research institutes, and planning in-
stitutes for automating various branches of industry were organized
in 3.956 in Azerbaydzhan, Armenian Georgia, and theUkraine. As a-result,
the importance of these . republics, from an industrial.. viewpoint has in-
creased considerably. (Moscow,. Priborostroyeniye, Nov 57, pp 1-2)
During the Fifth Five-Year Plan instrument production increased to
three times that of 1950. The production of instruments for the auto-
matio checking and control of manufacturing processes was increased to
2.8 times; of mathematical computers, to 7.4 times; and of instruments
for determining the composition of gases, to 3 times the former amount.
About 200 plants are now engaged.in the production of instruments.
An experimental model of an ultrasonic flow gauge for contactless
measurement of liquids has been developed. An experimental model of
an electromagnetic flow gauge for measuring conductive liquids also has
been developed.
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tion of various manufacturing processes. An ultrashort-wave gauge for
measuring, registering, and regulating the level of both conductive liq-
uids and liquids with a high dielectric constant also has been developed.
A total of 500,000 manometers were produced in the USSR in 1956, in-
cluding the following: manographs, vacuum manometers, vacuum gauges, and
manometers for measuring extra-high nressures. A radioactive ionization
manometer with scale measuring limits of from 10-3 to 10 mm of the mer-
cury column and manometers for measuring pressures up to 10,000 kg/sq cm
have been developed in the last few years. Research is now being con-
ducted on developing manometers.for measuring pressures up to 25,000
kg/sq cm.
There has been inadequate development of instruments for analyzing
the composition of gases. Such instruments are needed for checking and
controlling various manufacturing processes in the metallurgical, chem-
ical, petroleum,, and power industries. More than 120 types of instru-
ments for analyzing gases and gaseous compounds are needed during the
Sixth Five-Year Plan. However, only 41 types are now in series produc-
tion.
As a result of a decision of the Council of Ministers USSR in 1949,
the State All-Union Design Bureau of Analytical Instrument Making, the
Analytical Instrument Plant, and the Experimental Design Bureau for
Automation of the Ministry of Chemical Industry were instituted. They
have played an important part in developing the production of instru-
ments 'or determining the composition and properties of substances.
The following instruments are indicative of the advances made: magnetic
gas analyzers, optical-acoustical gas analyzers, analytical gas analyzers,
mobile gas analyzers, stationary automatic photocolorimetric gas ana-
lyzers, and mass spectrometers.
The following types of pH meters have been developed and produced:
a mobile pH meter and a self-recording pH meter for measuring from a
pH of 1.5 to 12, with a precision of plus or minus 0.1 at 50 degrees
centigrade; a laboratory pH meter with a measuring range of 0 to 14,
with a precision of plus or minus 0.1; an automatic self-recording and
regulating pH meter with a range of from 0 to 8 at temperatures up to
60 degrees centigrade and from 0 to 14 at temperatures up to 100 degrees
centigrade.
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The model Engler laboratory viscosimeter and the model VIM (All-Union
Scientific Research Institute for Mineral Raw Materials] torsion viscosi-
meter with measuring ranges of up to 1,000 centipoises have been produced
for use in the food and petroleum industries.
A radioactive fluid density meter with a measuring range of from 0.5
to 2.5 grams/cu cm and a precision of plus or minus 2 percent has been
developed by the instrument making industry for general industrial use.
A stationary fluid density meter with a measuring range of from 0.04 to
0.66 gram/cu cm and a precision of plus or minus 4 percent has been devel-
oped by the chemical industry.
The chromatographic method of analyzing light hydrocarbon compounds,
especially gases,, has been applied quite extensively. The following in-
struments have been developed for this purpose: an experimental model
of a laboratory chromatograph for determining the composition of gaseous
compounds,, with a precision of plus.or minus 5 percent and a sensitivity
of 1.1 percent; a.chromatograph for determining the amount of saturated
and unsaturated hydrocarbon in a complex gaseous compound, with an ab-
solute accuracy for heavy hydrocarbons of plus or minus 0.05 percent; a
chromatograph for analyzing low-boiling gases and pyrolysis gases up to
and including butyleney with a precision of,plus or minus 0,3 percent; a
chromatographfor,determining the presence of hydrogen in a compound of
carbon monoxide, methane,,, ethane, propane, isobutane, and butane,, with a_
precision of plus or minus 0.05 percent and a.sensitivity of 5 percent;
a chromatograph.unit for continuous measurement of the composition of
methane, ethane, propane., butane, pentane, hexane, and air compounds in
mines., with a sensitivity of from one to 10-4 percent for heavy hydrocar-
bons and 0.05 percent'for methane and ethane; a universal chromatograph
unit for analyzing complex compounds of saturated and unsaturated hydro-
carbons, with a sensitivity of from, 1 to 10-4 percent and a relative
error of 3 percent.
Several types of laboratory and stationary hygrometers have been
developed and produced recently.
The instrument making industry now produces a large number of
thermocouples, resistance. thermometers, liquid-in-glass and manometric
t'he:raoineters, and optical, photoelectric,, and radiation pyrometers.
However, even more highly refined thermometric instruments are needed.
Efforts are being made to develop thermocouples for protracted tempera-
tare measurements of molten steel. Series-produced pyrometers with
ranges of 800-1,400 and 1,200-2,000 degrees centigrade have been re-
designed for measurements up to 4,500 degrees centigrade. Photoelectric
and color pyrometers are also being successfully developed.
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The Sovik:t instrument making industry produces a large number of sec-
ondary instruments, especially indicator, recording, and regulating types
of pyrometric millivoitmeters, and single and multiple point types of au-
tomabic electronic potentiometers and bridges. (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye,
Nov 57,, pp 3-7)
B. Industrial Instrumentation
The Scientific Research Institute of Thermal Power Engineering In-
strument Making needs experienced electrical engineers and engineers
specializing in electronics, who desire to do design work. These engi-
neers are needed for work as leaders of scientific research and design
groups. The institute also needs senior engineers.
Applications should be made at Ol'khovskaya Ulitsa 27, Moscow B-66.
-- Aivec?tisemeat (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 2 Jun 58)
The production of instruments in small series increases their costs.
The MCI-5106 gas analyzer ttnit produced by the Kiev Instrument Plant
(i