BI-WEEKLY PROPANDA GUIDANCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 64
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 18, 1998
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: August 12, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

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r e ly Noted
The Sino-Soviet Rupture and the WPC
.On the tenth anniversary of the Korean armistice, Kuo Mo-jo,
a deputy chairman of the Chinese National People's Congress,
launched a strong attack on the test ban agreement at a rally of
13,030 in Peking on 26 July, and confidently predicted that China
would have nuclear weapons "in the not too distant future." Kuo,
who is also a member of World Peace Council (WPC) Presidential
Committee, a WPC vice-chairman of the Peace Liaison Committee for
Asian and African areas, and chairman of the Chinese People's
Committee for World Peace stressed that the attempts of a small
number of countries to control the destiny of the people of the
world by monopolizing nuclear weapons will be "smashed." Instead
of upholding peaceful concepts, as would befit one of the leading
officials in the WPC, Kuo reiterated Mao's thesis "that man is
the decisive factor in any war." Kuo said that the North Korean
people had won their war against the US while the US still had a
monopoly of atomic weapons, testifying to the fact that a new
technique cannot be a decisive factor, in war provided the people
were united, dared to fight and dared to win.
Two days later, the leader of the British Campaign for Nu-
clear Disarmament (CND), hailed the test ban treaty as a great
triumph, brought about by the persistence of the CND. The CND
said that pressure must be kept up to translate this "half step"
into a full step which will eventually lead to universal disarma-
ment.
Kuo's statement conforms with official Chicom reaction to
the test ban treaty. Media outlets should, however, register sur-
prise and indignation about, and condemn as appropriate, these
militant, war-inciting pronouncements by a high ranking WPC offi-
cial. We seek to provoke reactions from WPC-affiliated and sup-
portin; "peace" organizations in attempts to further aggravate
the Sino-Soviet rupture within the WPC. Assets should stress that
membership of the Chicoms, and of those supporting their militant
policies, is incompatible with the professed WPC policies, and,
wherever practicable, should demand the ouster of "warmongers"
like KKuo from leading WPC positions.
Chicoms Continue to Dominate Afro-Asian Conferences
The executive committee of the Afro-Asian Writers Conference
(AAVIC) meeting in Denpasar (Bali), Indonesia from 16 to 20 July
took a clear pro-Chinese stand. A Soviet attempt to unseat the
CPS,-backed Sudanese delegate (A,M. Kheir) in favor of a Sudanese
backed by the Soviets was "unanimously" defeated. Kheir delivered
one of the most aggressive, militant, anti-Western speeches of
the conference, stating inter alia that "those who talk about peace,
about the urgent necessity to avoid the danger of another war at
all costs, without pointing out who is the enemy of peace, without
even mentioning imperialism by name ... are doing nothing but sow-
ing the wind and will reap nothing but the whirlwind."
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The Soviets were outplayed y t e sicoms as ey een
at the Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference in Moshi, Tanganyika in
February (see BPG #110, Item 628 dated 25 Feb 63) and at the
Afro-Asian Journalists Conference (AAJC) in Djakarta in April
(see BPG #117, Item 667 dated 3 Jun 63). The resolution adopted
by the AAWC, like those at the AAJC, were a blatant Communist
propaganda show, Chinese-style, almost completely devoid of sub-
stantive content. Again the Indonesian government sponsored,
financed and prominently participated in a vituperative Communist
A ro.Asian affair.
The meeting called for a full Afro-Asian Writers Conference
in 1964, endorsed a second Bandung Conference, and several speak-
ers referred to the need for a tri-continent (Asia, Africa, Latin
Ar:rmerica) Writers Conference.
We use this -- and all similar -- information to stress in
all suitable media that "Afro-Asian solidarity" grotp s of all
kinds are (a) nothing but tools of Communist propaganda and sub-
version, and (b) now also instruments of Chicom intrigues against
the Soviet Union.
Vatican: Marxism and Communism Are "Irreconcilable with Christi-
anity
The official Vatican radio in a commentary on "Principles"
in a broadcast on August 1, took the following strong position
against communism:
"ire is no international situation, no relaxation,
no historical pretext which can justify an indul-
gence, a conciliatory attitude toward Marxism and
communism. There is a infinite number of activities
which communism could extract from its inexhaustible
tactical fantasies to influence the emotion of fear
and draw favorable attitudes which give rise to doubt,
confuse clear thinking, extinguish the instinctive
resistance of every free man, every believer, every
Catholic experience before the Marxist and Communist
ideologies. ...
"Today in the same way as yesterday, without distinc-
tion of geographical coordination or ethnic character-
istics, Marxist communism is the antithesis of Chris-
tianity, the negation of freedom, truth, justice, and
peace. ...
"The judgment and attitude of free men, Catholics
especially, with regard to Marxism and communism can-
not and must not be changed. Intransi Grace is the
only weapon against the Marxism communist ea1a
and the intransigence must be equivalent o the equi-
vocal and subtle tactics of penetration. ..."
2
(Briefly Noted Continued)
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Ap fe
ev a.tpcaft ssnow cla i 2 fying CIA- op John O 0~ s20 mpo t n
encyclical "Pacem in Terris" by pointing out what it did not
intend in supporting a "vast field of meetings and un ers a.nd-
n s with human beings who are not endowed with faith." All
media, especially those with active religious (particularly,
but not exclusively, Christian) interests, should fully utilize
this latest (and watch for further) message with its strong
denunciation of Communist ideology, tactics, and dangerous
goals, while still calling upon adherents to work "promoting,
encouraging and seconding activities and understanding which
favors peace among people /which7 is a duty" to be exercised
with "cautious, constant And indomitable opposition to the
Marxist penetration."
(See YBIS Middle Last, Africa & West Zurope issue of August 2,
page Vi, or press Coinment August 7, carrying Washington post's
brief item burs-'august 2)
CALENDAR
of
Significant Political Events
This chronological calendar provides
the case officer with a quick checklist of
upcoming anniversaries of important polit-
ical events in the communist and free worlds
The small 5x7j booklet, easy to use and
containing an index, also places events in
their historical context by relating them
to other relevant actions.
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 12 August 1963
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1 Sept WW II starts, 1939. Stalin sympathizes with
Hitler by attacking West warmongers.
2 Sept International Congress on History of European
Resistance Movement, Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia,
2-6 September.
7 Sept Khrushchev appointed First Secretary, CPSU, 1953
(tenth anniversary).
9 Sept Red China's troops entered Lhasa, Tibet, 1951
Dalai Lama asks UPN hew;; : n Cho `uu.genocide 1959.
12 Sept Inter-Parliamentary Union conference to be held
Belgrade, 12-10 Sept.
15 Sept Soviet Union signed Friendship and Mutual Assist-
ance and Collaboration treaties with Bulgaria..
Rumania and Hungary, pledging not to change their
social or economic sys ems, 192,17.
17 Sept UN General Assembly convenes 10th regular session.
17 Sept Soviet Union invades Eastern Poland and divides
country with Nazi Germany, 19390
17 Sept International Committee for Cooperation of Journal-
ists (ICCJ) Conference scheduled on board Soviet
s in the Mediterranean, Sept. 17 - Oct.
19 Sept Starts Week of International Struggle Against
Fascism and War (Communist).
21 Sept People's Republic of China proclaimed, 1949.
28 Sept First International founded London, 1864
(disintegrates by 1872).
29 Sept International Union of Architects (UTA), seventh
Congress, Havana, Cuba, 29 Sept. - 3 Oct. to be
followed by UIA General Assembly and International
Symposium on Architecture, Mexico City, 6-15 Oct.
14 Oct 2nd International Trade Unions (WPTU) Conference
on Problems of Women Workers, Bucharest, 14-19 Oct.
20 Oct Chinese Communist troops begin advance into
India, escalating border war, 1962.
23 Oct Hungarian revolution fails under force of Soviet
brutal military repression. 23 Oct - 4 Nov 1956.
(Briefly Noted)
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PROPAGANDIST' S GUIDE TO COMMUNIST DISSENSIONS
23 July - 5 August 1963
Commentary
Principal Developments:
1. After the fruitless "adjournment" of the Sino-Soviet
ideological talks in Moscow (see last issue of GUIDE), the con-
flict switched rapidly to an overt clash of power politics
over I arushchev's whirlwind negotiation of a nuclear east ban
treaty (see also guidance #685, this issue). Instead of co'
doexistance"" with the "inevitability of nuclear war"
merely in doctrinal terms as heretofore, Moscow proceeds with the
test ban and attempts further understandings with the West, while
trying to maneuver Peking into the unenviable role of "warmonger."
2. The Chinese, especially in a bitter Government statement
of 31 July and a People's Daily editorial of August attacked
the treaty as a -may rau , which did not ban the bomb but
only permitted the "nuclear overlords" to retain their monopoly
and continue to try to enforce their will on the "nuclear slaves+o
in the rest of the world. They not only accused the Soviet
Government of making a ""180-degree about face," "falling on its
knees and capitulating to U.S. Imperialism" and "selling out" the
interests of its own people as well as the rest of the world, but
went on to-bran Soviet policy as "allying" with imperialism to
oppose socialism, and with the U.S. to oppose China.Theyr concluded
by calling for a world conference of all chiefs -57-state to dis-
cuss a total nuclear ban and destruction of weapons. Other
Chinese output during this period -- especially a speech of Chief
of Army General Staff Gen. Lo (see August 2) -- spoke of the
"anti-China chorus" in which the Soviets (by euphemism if not
name joined "with the imperialists and reactionaries of
various countries."
3. The USSR poured out a barrage of material in support of
its position, culminating in a strongly worded 5,000-word Govern-
ment statement dated 3 August. Citing the unanimous, world-wide
approval of the test-ban treaty -- "one can count on the fingers
of one hand those who venture openly to oppose' i#" - the * state-
ment brands as absurd the Chinese charges of "consolidating nuclear
monopoly" and "capitulation,'" and counter-charges the Chinese
with covering up their own refusal to sign a test-ban treaty and
lack of desire to achieve disarmament "with a flashy phrase about
the most radical disarmament measures," an "all or nothing" policy.
The Soviets defend themselves against the ""130-degree about-face'
charge by pointing to the "tremendous changes taking place on
our planet," so that "what was unacceptable only yesterday might
prove useful" today, -- and they ask if "the Soviet Union, as
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the nuclear power in the socialist community," 4.: not in a better
pose on to judge on these matters than people who hnow about
nuclear weapons only from literature! They reacted vehemently
to the "betrayal of their own people" charge anc' all but read
the Chinese out of the socialist world. Other Soviet and pro-
Soviet output during this period has repeatedly brought in the
"Trotskyism" charge against the Chinese.
4. News reports from ]iiroshima as the period ended indicated
that the Sino-Soviet/test-ban dispute had already played havoc
with the "Ninth World Congress Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs,"
scheduled for 2-7 August, with Sohyo and the JSp having withdrawn
from sponsorship, Soviet-aligned delegates staging walk-outs over
Chinese denunciations of the test-ban treaty, etc.
5. The Chinese issued the first number of a Japanese-
language edition of the Peking Review on I August, and the N.
Koreans inaugurated daily adcasts in Russian on 24 July.
Significance:
The nuclear test-ban issue served to precipitate the Soviet
and Chinese Governments and nations much cIQe; into open political/
propaganda war are against each o er, with each now bluntly accus-
ing the other of serving his own selfish national interests rather
than those of the peoples of the world or the socialist camp.
The Chinese have flatly accused the Soviets of allying themselves
with the U.S. against China, in addition to recklessly bandying
such highly incendiary insults as "falling on their knees before
imperialism" and "selling out the interests of their own people."
They can hardly go further with words. On the other side, the
Soviets have quite convincingly charged the Chinese with hypo-
critically opposing Soviet peace policies, not out of concern for
the socialist camp or world peace, but purely in the interest of
building up their own power position. "For what?" the Soviets
ask effectively. Any remaining tendency to talk about the "common
objectives" of the two has clearly been "atomized."
The futility of Communists trying to keep party relations
separate from state and national relations and interests is clearly
demonstrated in the events of this period, particularly in these
two astonishing state documents issued to the world at large in
the name of the Governments of two major powers, -- the CPR
statement of 31 July and especially the much longer CPSU statement
of 3 August. In some passages the authors are apparently playing
to the grandstand of all peoples on issues which concern all; in
others they seem to be addressing only fellow Marxists-Leninists
in terms of their own esoteric interests; and in others they seem
to be playing directly to their own peoples at home in terms of
national interests. The language and tone are at times arrogantly
self-righteous and self-confident, at times scornfully derisive,
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at times defensively reasonable, at times amazingly petulant in
an almost childish manner ("one cannot discover, even with the
help of a microscope, the least trace of respect for sovereignty"),
and always deadly serious.
A. most important development in this exchange of statements
was the Soviet response to the Chinese proposal for convening a
world conference for a total nuclear ban and destruction of
weapons. After stating that the CPR had "evidently" put forth
this proposal because it "understands how unpopular a negative
position" on such an issue is in our time, the Soviets acknowl-
edge that the Chinese proposals are the same as advanced by the
USSR itself on various occasions since th ey go on o curds
Chinese deceitfulness in advancing this "program" to cover up for
their lack of desire to achieve any real disarmament.
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References
The Sino-Soviet Conflict and the World Federation of Trade Unions:
state 1 Report No. 5650.90 in the International Communism series,
dated June 30, 1963 -- A 14-page review
of subject which concludes that "the seriousness of Chinese and
other 'polycentrist' challenges may yet introduce for the WFTU an
entirely new dimension in its promotion of alliances, i.e. the
promotion of pro-Soviet alignments amongst and within unions that
are already Communist as well as amongst united front trade unions
or unions which contain major Communist enclaves."
Lenin, the Second International and Current Communist Dissensions:
produced by this office, undated, una r u e labeled va e y
Circulated for Background Use Only." A 30-page, small-format,
offset booklet, replete with numerous quotations and with bibli-
ography. Copies readily available on request.
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#13 23 July-5 August 1963
Julz 22-25 - Sofia's 1abotnichesko Delo carried a 933-word article
by osta ane, BCP Member ber s nye 19143, comparing the CCI? approach
to war and peace with that of the Trots%yite group of "leftwirng"
Communists who opposed Lenin's peace po c a the time of the
October Revolution. Tru on tHe 23rd and Otechestven Front on the
25th carried articles pegged to the C&U. conference supporting the
Soviet line on "international division of labor" and "socialist
specialization" and sharply rejecting Chinese criticism.
Judy 23-August 3 - NCNA circulated, and People's Daily printed, a
series oAardhitting editorials condemning the Soviets on the
test-ban issue which originally appeared in two Burmese-language
Mandalay newspapers. On 3 August, however, Tasss' u-fated a
Pravda report from Novosti in Rangoon that ""nearly all Burmese news-
papers have published articles welcoming the agreement' (as did
statements of the Government and the Burma Council for Disarmament
and peace) and accusing NCNA of extracting passages from a provin-
cial paper to support its allegation of Burmese opposition. "In
its desire to mislead public opinion, it fabricated a false state-
rment of a very low stamp."
July 24 - Zagreb V'esnik carried an article denouncing the Chinese
leaders who "after~t the victory of the revolution in China, chose
Stalin's path, including the unnecessary victims typical of Stalin's
policy, and are openly defending Stalinist concepts" today. They
"have gradually attacked all sectors of CPSU activity." "paraphras-
ing Trotsky's theses of 'permanent revolution,' the Chinese leaders
introduce a new slogan of the permanen offensive."'
July 24 - The Albanians -- overshadowed during recent weeks by the
;aa v polemics the more important parties -- struck out again
with a 6,330-word Zeri I po ullit editorial extolling the 14 June
CCp latter and attack inng " . , rushchev's revisionist group" in
the most inflammatory terms yet. Khrushchev and company, "plotters,
..~ feeble-minded, liars and slanderers,'" are stabbing the socialist
camp and Communism in the back, are afraid of the truth of Marxism-
Leninism, are causing the degeneration of the party and socialist
state and disarming the workers: the true internationalist "is the
man who fights courageously against the revisionist views and
splitting activities of N. Khrushchev's group."
July 26 - N. Korean President Choe Yong-kon, in a long speech on
awe VISIT to china, gave boundless praise to the CCp and
CPL and supported them on points at issue with the CPSU, -- with-
out naming the latter. "The brilliant successes made by the
Chinese people in socialist construction and the enormous changes
that are being effected in Chinese society clearly demonstrate
the correctness of the policy of the CC??.... We firmly believe
that the Chinese people under the guidance of the CCp will continue
to forge ahead, holding high the three red banners of the general
line, the great leap forward, and the people's communes...."
After claiming that the CPR is "realizing peaceful coexistence
among countries with different social systems," Choe went on to
say A oiibdc1yr I +sd;11? :t(CPV8dOS?'6M000200020007-2
 fight against any intrigue and machination to i ;o atop China. All
thescsc cremes o R arcs the grovith of t e might of ina . her increas-
ing TE erna Iona influence are bound to meet a ire serable fiasco.
Tv er, "to un eresti.ma a the liberation strug :les of the Asian,
African an at n American wea es ... to obstruct the national
T berg on s ru a under ii` s or that prate x is, in the final
ana.lys s, an attempt to 1eep in slavery un reds of millions of
people still under the imperialist yoke and weaken the world's
peace forces." Moreover, "to oppose the construction of a self-
supporting national economyin otFea countries or to exer economic
pressure upon another coun ry under this or that excuse not only
runs diametrically counter to the principles of proletarian inter-
nationalism but is a harmful act.... Our party and our people will
never tolerate any machinations of the revisionists to disrupt the
unity...." ,/Nevisionisia is doomed and , arxism- n nism will continue
to triuxaph."7 On the 24th, the W. Koreans also inaugurated daily
broadcasts In Russian to the USSR: the bro0cas on the th
sum.&marize a oe speech described above.
July 24 - Izvestiya carried a long article entitled "The Historic
Miss on of Communism" by Doctor of History Iosif Lenin who quotes
Lenin as expressing the idea that "new inventions in science and
t U-c nology will make the defenses of our country so formidable that
all attacks on it will become impossible." "The wisdom and dialec-
tics of these pronouncements by Lenin differ basically from the
stagnant dogma sm and the lifeless quotation-mongering : Cie
modern Chinese c~iogmatists," etc.
July 2r~ - Pravda featured an article by Comrade Burlatskiy, "Con-
crea nalysis Is One of the Most Important Demands of Leninism,"
which follows the line of the CPSU open letter in attacking the
Chinese for "disregarding any analysis of modern conditions in the
struggle of the world Comaunist movement."
July 25 - The Yugoslav party organ mu at used the test-ban talks
as a peg for further riticism of Chinese policy. The Chinese atti-
tude toward the test-ban efforts "is a picture in minature of the
entire Chinese policy." The Chinese "all or nothing" logic, says
i~omunist, falls to pieces as soon as to premises on which it is
built are analyzed. "Upon the ruins of this bogus logic,, which is
presented as the quintessence of Marxism-Leninism,-there remain only
ps,_ ;doradical phrases and destructive policy, complete absence of a
sense of responsibility, and attempt to smuggle onets own question-
able ambitions... under the cloak of fighting for e Interests o
socialism."' "The real meaning of the 'principled' Chinese offen-
sive is actually capitualtion before difficulties and trials," "a
classic reactionary policy of turning internal dilemmas n o inter-
hational conflicts."
July 25 - The National Executive Committee of the Canadian CP
stated that, despite frequent discussions of the Cposition over
the past 3 years, including "direct negotiations with the Chines:
leaders," "our party has unservingly adhered to the view that the
CC? policy is incompatible with the tasks of Communists in Canadian
conditions and the present international situation:" it criticizes
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 "the factional activity of the CC? in many countries, including our
own cAp yed r~R s~~ / 4e ? -~$~~4 090 ~8? 0~~$ 2
Trots!.yites,"
July 25 - The Politburo of the Chilean CP denounced the Chinese for
Their defamatory formulation" oon' a questions of peaceful coexist-
ence and national liberation, and for their "practical divisionist
work...carried out with the aid of fractionists expelled from the
Comunist parties, and with the help of mercenaries and adventurers''
July 26 - '?ravda published a statement by Franz West, "a member of
the `Austrian s Politburo," which rather cautiously describes the
Austrian Communists as "in full agreement with the Party of Lenin,"
taking "our stand on the basis of the historic lessons and decisions
of the 20th and 22nd CPSU Congresses."
July 23 - Pravda also printed a statement by the Central Secretariat
of the Indian that "the stand of the Indian CP completely coin-
cides wi e stand of the world Communist movement and the CPSU
and is directly opposed to the erroneous views of the CCP leaders"
on "the most important problems" discussed in the 14 June and 14
July letters of the CC? and CPSU, respectively. It "sternly con--
derins the attempts of the CCP leaders to sow racial and religious
discord, to .... incite hatred for the USSR and oche-r {uropean
socialist countries."
July 20-August 2 - The Indonesian CP delegation headed by Chairman
Licit, which arrived in Moscow July on a visit to the CPSU and
the CCU?, was reported by TNCNA as arriving in Havana together with a
Chinese delegation to take part in the Cuban 26 July celebration.
?rensa Latina reported an Aidit lunch with Guevara and others on
3n uly, an Tass reported the delegationvs return to Moscow on
2 August.
July 26 - Speaking to a mass rally in ?eking on the 10th anniversary
o.-E the "victory of the Korean war," Kuo Mo-jo, Chairman of the
China Peace Committee, attacked Soviet views: "Men are the deter-
mining factors in wars. It is completely wrong to one-sidedly
emphasize technical factors. There are certain sei -s y erxists
today who ve seen fit o drum up the nuclear blackmail policy of
US imperialism in order to intimidate the people of the whole
world.... This is ... a practice of advancing the interests of the
policy of aggression and war of US imperialism."
July 26 - In a further commentary on Chinese criticism of Czech
expu s on of three MCNA correspondents, Rude Pravo, principal news-
paper of the Czech C?', amplifies on the ac v es which brought on
expulsion: "Again and again they traveled through the republic in
order to deliver or mail the material in remote corners of the
country, as in Jesenik, North Moravia... *I,
July 26 and continuing - The Japanese Democratic Socialist Party,
second largest opposition group, declared, according to the Kyodo
agency: "We reject the Mao Tse-tung policy line which even defies
nuclear war and support the more realistic Khrushchev policy line."
Meanwhile, the JCP organ Akahata, which before the agreement was
reached had attacked a partial test-ban treaty as "an attempt to
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policy of war and aggression of the imperialist forces," was silent.
Finally, on the 29th it published an editorial acknowledging that
"among the Japanese people there are those hailing the conclusion
of the treaty" as well as "those warning against being overly
optimistic." It notes that "with the Ninth World Conference Against
Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs imminent /cheduled for Hiroshima, 2-7
August7, we are facing a complicate situation.... Japanese reaction-
ary farces /are trying7 to paralyze the force of the people's
ideological struggle." Nowhere in the article, however, is there
even implied criticism of the USSR for its role in the treaty. On
2 August Kyodo reported that the leaders of Gensyuikyo (Japanese
Council Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs) met with some of the
foreign delegates in Hiroshima to explain that the Conference could
not begin as scheduled that day because the JSP and Sohyo (TU
Council) were still unable to reach agreement with the JCP: the
former called for "opposing all nuclear tests by any country," but
the Communists strongly opposed such a blanket ban. :?ress reports
from Piroshima on 5 August indicated that the Conference had finally
gotten under way after.:the JSP and Sohyo had withdrawn from it in
protest against Communist domination. Student rioting delayed
opening proceedings 90 minutes. One of the first speakers was the
leader of the Chinese delegation, Chao Pu-chu, who denounced the
test-ban treaty, which "allows the aggressor the right of massacre
and denies the victims the right of self-defense," to an audience
of 15,000. When he denounced "the Russian leader" for making a
film
''~- ,` turn in one year," the Soviet party of 14, led by Pravda
editori writer Yuri Zhukov, walked out, followed by the delegates
from India, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia. AP
adds that "most of the persons in the park were obviously pro-
Chinese and gave Chao repeated applause."
July 27 -- A Hungarian Foreign Ministry spokesman termed untrue
Western reports that Khrushchev would visit Hungary on his way to
Yugoslavia in August.
Jul- 27-2?3 - The 2 July official communique on the 24-2-0 July
conference of the heads of state of the CBMA countries in Moscow
indicated only that matters a been scusse -- "in an
atmosphere of cordiality, fraternal friendship and mutual under-
standin;," with "full unanimity of views of all its members." The
communique affirmed that "principles of equality" and "strict
observance of sovereignty" must be upheld. It did not report the
authorization of a supranational executive agency, progress toward
establishment of an international bank, or specific measures to
coordinate agricultural planning. On 27 July TASS released a
communique which stated that "a routine session of the Political
Consultative Committee of member states of the Warsaw Pact" was
held in Moscow on 26 July, with the same heads 'ostate In-i attend-
ance. Pact armed forces chief Marshal Grechko delivered a report
on the status of the forces and "appropriate decisions were adopkd":
nothing was said about any "political" questions.
July 23 - The Executive Committee of the CC/CP Argentina expressed
its full agreement with the provisions of the PS 14 July open
letter, denounced the position and conduct of the Chinese and don-
damn (pprov dr 0or e1eaese9Ub `/1 , CIA-RDP78& MQ890QQjQQQj.Z)
 July ro' I a 9 ~1 '~4& G_ _ 4 PIS-( ~b 0 ? O fi '
Jacques Grippa, leader of the pro-Chinese alga h ss 1-
nists now visiting Albania, in which he at acwa~4-the revisionist
line of the BCP, which, he said, "derives largely from the Togliatti
'line."I
July 20 - Pravda carried a 2400-word Yuri Zhukov article on the -
es -ban agreement under the heading ""Who Is For; Who Is Against?"
which lumps the Chinese with the "madmen" of the US and Europe who
oppose the ban. "They-brazenly copy the dema oaic argumentation of
French bourgeois propaganda and repeat it word by word.... The
C iinese comrades are indeeZt in unenviable company if they drag
behind de Gaulle in defiance of the clearly expressed will of all
the peoples of the world...." Izvestiya on the same day carried a
commentary along similar lines Bye o ay Polyanov.
July 30 - Pravda featured article, "Peaceful Coexistence Is the
Iffay to Soc a asm"" and -- tied to the 60th anniversary of the 2nd
congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which brought the
split marking the beginning of Bolshevism as an organized force --
a 4,03-word letter in the name of 250 Old Bolsheviks in which they
""proclaim to the world ...that we approve unconditionally and will
irreconcilably defend the theses" of the CPSU open letter and "gully
support the position of our Leninist CC headed by Comrade
11.8. 17.r ushchev. "" Denouncing the Chinese as imitators of Trots.y,
the letter states that it is "especially offensive' a n many
of the theses of the letter of the CC/CC's to our CC, the Trotskyite-
Ot!ovist A-B-C is simply repeated." Also, "Many of us knew Lens n
personally...and we can state in all responsibility that to preach
the idea set out in the letter of the CG/CC?, referring to Lenin,
is sacrilege.""
July 30 - La Voix Ouvriere, Geneva daily organ of the Swiss Labor
Parvj Communis published an article by Party secret-a-FUNT member
Marino Bodenman criticizing the CCP for its splitting activities,
and stating that the Sl-P had unanimously expressed ,.t disagreement
with the Chinese views on the important theoretical and practical
questions.
July 30 - Under a banner headline "Look, What Consequences Will the
So-called General Line of Peaceful Coexistence Lead To,'" People's
Daily, Pelting, devoted two full pages to reactions to the paw
test-ban treaty. One-third of its third page were extracts froya
past Khrushchev statements opposing a partial test-ban, under the
heading: "Khrushchev's Words Against Underground Tests Still Ring
in One's Ears: Who Is It Who Has Gone to Such Length tO'Strike
Such a Deal' to 'Deceive the Peoples?"" PD's comments on other
statements are similarly reflected in t -Eeadings: i.e., those
from East Europe "Seize a Straw to Trumpet the Victory of Peaceful
Coexis enee?_3.`rom Albania "Giving a False Impression to Deceive the
Peoples'" from Yugoslavia ""The Tito Group Are Besides Themselves
with Joy""; and nee Greatest Disservice to World Peace" for an
editorial of the Pakistan Morning News "which says that a partial
test ban is ludicrous in theextreme."
+~1 ronolo Continued)
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 July air (IA-fZ ' 80 9O0O2'0T-2
s resse the va al importance" of "further deepening of internation-
al socialist division of labor, broadening of specialization and
cooperation in product.on, development of scientific and technical
cooperation and increasing trade turnover." Naming names, it goes
on to declare that "the policy of an isolated-from-the-world coop-
eration of the socialist countries, of yo-it-alone construction of
socialism, that is advanced by CCP leaders contradicts the objective
laws of development of a socialist society. It leads to the squand
ing of public labor and the slowing down of rates of growth of
production.... The Chinese comrades are trying to force on other
socialist countries the concept of creating self-sufficient national
economics...."
July 31 - Zeri i Popullit (ilbania) editorially denounced the Soviet
ran the es -ban agreemen with expected vituperation. "N.
>hrushchev...has not only capitulated once again before the imperial-
ists and fallen into their trap not only has made further unprin-
cipled concess ons and compromises, but what is more he has openly
collaborated with the imperialists to damage the socialist camp...."
July 31 - The Mongolian Committee for the Defense of Peace issued a
ceclaration hailing the test-ban agreement. (The Mongolian press
has carried a stream of articles endorsing all aspects of Soviet
policy in its dispute with the CCp during this period.)
July 31 - All Peking papers gave banner headlines to a CPR statement
denouncing the test-ban treaty as a "dirty fraud." quoting a 1031
Khrushchev comment opposed to a partial test-ban, it states: "But
now the Soviet Government has made a 130-degree about-face" and has
"sold out" the interests of the Soviet people, the peoples of the
socialist camp and all peace-loving peoples of the world. "The
policy pursued by the Soviet Government is one of allying with the
forces of war to oppose the forces of peace, allying with imper a ism
to oppose socialism, allying with the United States to oppose ina,
and allying with the reactionaries of all countries to oppose the
people of the world.... it is capitulation to US imperialism." The
statement concludes by proposing a conference of the government
heads of all the county es or e wor c o iscuss a four-point
program for "the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of
nuclear weapons." Peop e s Dally report o zves aya s
attaching the Chinese s headed-by the comment: "Who, after all,
Have Partnered with the American Wild Men? They Can only Be the
Leaders of the Soviet Union Who Have Made a 1?33-degree Turn."
August 1 - People's Daily devoted nearly two pages to press comments
an d reactions around t e world to the test-ban treaty, under a
banner headline: "This Is No Victory for the Policy of Peaceful
Coexistence; This Is Capitulation to U.S. Imperialism." It also
published extracts from Soviet documents since 1946 "to show how the
Soviet Government retreated step by step on this question until it
fell on its knees and capitulated."
August 1 - The first pro-Soviet comment on the 31 July CPR statement
above came from Czechoslovakia, where the official agency CTKK
released a statement saving that the Chinese "are violating the
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U (chronology Corntinuod:d)
 Ap roved F g, ft J ase 1999/08/24: CIA-I DP7$-03061A00,02000200 t7-2
princi Jes o tae oscow s a.tement in an n en ~.o?na a, emTat
to turn the matter upside down... WE c :. is... unworthy of the revo-
lutionary traditions of the Chinese people." Moreover, the Chinese
"proposals in themselves represent nothing new in view of the fact
that the program o sar: iaxaent submitted by he USSR Government
and other proposals of the socialist countries already contain their
objectives." A Rude Pravo article "On One Bench with the Madmen."
charges that "the a nese Government considers the moment opportune
to pass from the level of ideological differences to a position of
open political hostility toward the Soviet Union." It chides the
Chinese: "It always sounds embarrassing if someone abroad advises
the Soviet Government what is or is not good for the interests of
socialism, ...and it sounds doubly embarrassing if this is done by
people who, without the existence o he socialist Soviet Union and
its Vic in III, would not hold power in their own untry."
It concludes: "In reality, the Chinese proposal Is es fined to
cover the fact that the Chinese Government presently does not con-
sider steps toward disan-aament is main a m, but the possession o:f
its own nuclear arcs. That for? ., . ellipsis) s not the power
of the Soviet non ands alliance with China quite sufficient
a guarantee for the Chinese people that the imperialists will never
dare to attack it? ,xperience leaves no doubt about this," the
article says, and stresses that the Chinese leaders "primarily pursue
their own great-power interests." CTIm on this date also reported '-
statement by the British saying that the Chinese "sell-out"
charges are "unworthy of Communists."
August 1 - The first issue of a Japanese edition of the Pei in
Review was published: it contains, inter alia, the texts of he
1Z.-Tu-ne CCP letter to the CPSU and the 14 July CPSU open letter in
reply "and some important articles from the People's Daily."
August 1-2 - Addressing a Peking rally of "10,000 people from all
wa s olife" in support of the Ninth Vlorld Conference for Banning
Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs scheduled for Hiroshima 2-7 August,
Iuo no-jo struck at "those self-styled: creative Marxist-Leninists"
who have "betrayed the interests of the Soviet people and the
people of all countries in the world and have raised their hands in
surrender to U.S. imperialism." On the 2nd, the China Peace
Co niittee "and 13 other national people's organizations of China"
sent a joint message to the Hiroshima conference which included the
charge that the tri-partite partial nuclear test-ban treaty "was an
utter fraud designed to fool the people of the world."
August 2 - All Pekin, papers gave banner headlines to today's
People's' Daily editorial: "People Throughout the World, Unite;
rive for Complete Prohibition and Thorough Destruction of Nuclear
Weapons," and PD itself devoted its third page to reports and com-
ments under the heading: "Oppose Nuclear Overlords; Refuse to Be
Nuclear Slaves; and Smash the Nuclear Fraud." . . . . "All countries,
big or small, nuclear or non-nuclear, are equals. it is absolutely
impermissible for two or three gantries to brandish their nuclear
weapons at will, issue orders and comman s, and lord it over te
world in e self-conceited e e that they are nuclear over ords,
while the overwhelming majority ... are to knee own on M- ground;
and obey or ers, as they were nuclear slaves." Peoples Daily
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7 (Chronology Continued)
 alsoA v*dall6r1W9apvo gMC8i2*,P tAgR1305084 2%920I7J4i-
ching, Vice premier and Chief of General S'?~aff, on the 36th anniver-
sary of the fouiiding of the PLA, including his r: marks that "some
people ... had started an anti-China chorus with the imperialists
and reactionaries of various countries," and that the treaty sells
out the interests of peace-loving people. And finally, on this
date letters signed by Chou En-lai were sent to "the government
heads of all countries of the world" calling for a worldwide confer-
ence in accordance with the 31 July CPR statement.
Au.rast 3 - The Soviet Government struck back at the CPR's 31 July
sta ement. The 5,000-word text was published in all Moscow papers
on the 4th, and Pravda and lzvestiya also carried the Chinese state-
ment, "so that a r-Soviet peoplell know hove low the Chinese
leaders have sunk." Stating that the treaty "proves the correctness
and viability of the policy of peaceful coexistence," they describe
its "vrarm support from the governments and peoples of the socialist
states, broad public circles in the countries of Asia Africa and
Latin America, (and) millions of working people oche capitalist
countries, and all progressive people of the world." "The collec-
tive opinion of the socialist countries on the question of cessation
of i nuclear tests is expressed in the decision /-Do date given7 of the
conference of the first secretaries of Communist and workers parties
and heads of government of Warsaw Treaty countries."
,asserting that "the Government of the CPR is trying to com-
plet61y ignore facts known to the whole world," the Soviet statement
presents its version of the USSR's efforts at nuclear control and
disarmament from 1948 on, with the conclusion that "the only rea-
sonable way out is to solve it step by step." It continues: "One
must be absolutely out of touch with realities to advance the
alternative of 'all or nothing' with regard to matters involving
the destinies of the world and the lives of millions of people."
This treaty can be objected to only by people "who cover up with a
flashy phrase about the most radical disarmament measures their
esire to achieve disarmament.
Tackling the Chinese "contrived arguments" to label the treaty
a "fraud," the Soviets ask "Who, then, is actually deceiving the
peoples? .., if the question of who would benefit most by this
treaty is to be raised, would it not be more correct to assume
that ... the Soviet Union, as the nuclear power in the community of
socialist states, is in a better posits n o judge whether the
balance of forces will change or not...? goes not the Government
of the CPR take too much upon itself in drawing conclusions in this
uestion or the Soviet overnmen or he Soviet
nion?
tie sta emen adds, "it is not concern for the defense potential, of
the socialist camp that prompted the statement o the CPR vernment.
What stands behind all this is apparently a desire ... to follow
a special policy on the question of what is to be done about the
most destructive weapons...."
The Soviets brand the Chinese statement as "an unprecedented,
most regrettable act" which "is in gross contradiction to the
common line of the socialist states... and in gross contradiction
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 to thA ~ 5~` t ~e~108f2 ~~lAti'1 4 3$ I ~~ 00-7 -2n
19 'd a 1960 -- the leaders of the C?R affixed their signatures....
Thereby, the Chinese leaders openly place themselves in opposition
to the socialist coramonwealth, to the whole world Communist moveaiaent,
to all peace-lovins peoples of Europe, 1,sia and America." Moreover,
it is "one more evidence" of transfer of ideological differences to
Interstate relations.
The Soviet statement then explodes violently over "such impudent
allegations as that ... the Soviet Government "betrayed the interests
of the Soviet people, the peoples of the socialist countries,
including China, and ... the peace-loving peoples of the whole world.'
It is difficult to say what predominates here -- political irrespon-
sibility or irritation of people whose expectations are dashed to
w;rae ground b e itself. Who empowered the vernment to spoak
In the name of the Soviet people and for Who as e- i to speak
nor vise peoples of the other socialist countries? The au ors o he
stater-lent mus a losing their nerve mind ? if ... they seek ... to
counterpose the Soviet people to the Soviet Governmen ... _'_Whose
oo s aps do the Mainese leaders Intend to follow?
End the Soviets finally defend themselves against the "100-
ti,eg ee about-face" charge by stating that, in view of "the tremendous
changes taking place on our planet," "What was unacceptable o+`~^
yesterday might prove useful, even most-use Ni "today.
'
Diu-r%st 4 - The No. Korean organ Nodong Sinmun finally carried an
e:-51t-o~ a1 condemning the test-ban treaty as contrary to the demand
of the world's peace-loving people" for isolating the test ban from
the outlawing of nuclear weapons, but it is entirely anti-US and
gives not the slightest hint of criticism of the Soviet role or of
the Chinese attacks on it.
9 (Chronology)
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 Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
CRONOLOGIA -- DISENSIONES COMUNISTAS
No. 9
23 Julio - 5 Agosto 1963
22-25 Julio: El "Rabotnichesko Delo" de Sofia public6 un artfculo de
900 palabras escrito por Kosta Gane, miembro del PC bdlgaro desde 1911+,
comparando la actitud del PC chino en materia de paz y guerra con la
del grupo trotskista de comunistas "de izquierda" que se opusieron a
la politics de paz de Lenin en la Epoca de la Revolucidn de Octubre
"Trud~~el 23 y "Otechestven Front" el 25 publicaron artfculos basados
en la conferencia del Comecon en apoyo de la lfnea sovi6tica de la
"division internacional del trabajo" y la "especializacidn socialista"
y rechazando de Plano la eritica de los chinos.
23 Julio Agosto: La agencia china Sinjua circul6 y el "Diario del
Pueblo" publicd una serie de fuertes editoriales condenando a los so-
vidticos con respeeto a la cuesti6n de la proscxipci6n de los ensayos
nucleares, que originalmente aparecieron en dos diarios de Mandalay en
lengua birmana. El 3 de agosto, sin embargo, Tass circuld un informe
de "Pravd rp oveniente de la, agencia Novosti en Rangdn diciendo que
"casi todos los peridd.icos birmanos han publicado artfculos en parabidn
del acuerdo" (como fueron tembidn declaraciones del Gobierno y del Con-
sejo birmano or el desarme y la paz) y acusando a. la agencia Sinjua
de extraer pasajes de un diario de provincia Para fundementar su ale-
gato de oposicidn birmana. "En su empeio por despistar la opinion,
falsified una declaraci6n de muy Baja estampa".
2i Julio: El "Vjestnik" de Zagreb public6 un articulo condenando a
los dirigentes chinos que "despuds de la victoria de la revoluci6n en
China escogieron la via stalinista, incluso las vfctimas innecesarias
tipicas de la poiitica de Stalin y estdn abiertemente defendiendo
conceptos stalinianos" hay dia. "Han atacado gradualmente todos los
sectores de la actividad del PCUS". "Parafraseando Zas tesis de
Trotsky de la 'revoluci6n permanente', los dir gentes chinos introdu-
heron la nueva consigna de la 'ofensiva permanente'."
24 Julio: Los albaneses -- oscurecidos en las semanas recientes por
lag masivas pot icy partidos mds importantes -- de nuevo atacaron
con un artfculo de 6.000 palabras en "Zeri i Popullit" ensalzando la
Carta de los chinos de 14. de junio y atacando en los tdrminos mds in-
flamatorios hasta la fecha al "grupo revisionists de N. Kruschev".
Kruschev y compafffa, "conjurados, imb6ciles, mentirosos y calumniado-
res", estdn apufialando por la espalda al Campo socialists y al co-
munismo, estdn temerosos de la verdad del marxismo-leninismo, estdn
causando la degeneraci6n del partido y del estado socialista y desar-
mando a los trabajadores: el verdadero internacionalista "es el hom-
bre que lucha valientemente contra las opinions revisionistas y las
actividades escisionistas del grupo de N. Kruschev."
21. Julio: El presidente norcoreano Choe Yong-Kon, en un extenso dis-
curso sabre su visits a China en junio, ofreci6 elogio sin lfmite al
PC chino y la Repdblica popular china y apoyo en las euestiones en
disputa con el PCUS -- sin mencionar a este ditimo. "Los brillantes
dxitos conseguidos por el pueblo chino en la construecidn socialista
y los enormes cambios que se estdn efectuando en la sociedad china
demuestran a las claras to correcto de la po].ftica del PC chino....
Creemos firmemente que el pueblo chino bajo la orientaci6n del PC
Appdduedb rt.# e 4 :]C *aRZP + 66t1AOOE OO26I-2
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rojas de la linea general, el gran salto adelante y las
comunas populares..." Declarando que la Republica china
esta "pontendo en practica la coexistencia pacifica entre
los passes de diferentes sletemas sociales," Choe continu6
diciendo que "hoy es deber internacionalista de todos los
comunistas y gente progresista... mantener una implacable
lucha contra toda intriRa y maauinacion por aislar a China.
que acabar en un mesarable facraso." AdemAs, "subestimar
las luchas de liberation de Jos pueblos de Asia Africa v
-16 de China
y su creciente influencia international tiene por fuerza
Todo and
Am ricer Latina,.. obstruir la lucha por la liberacion na-
tional eoneste o aquel pretexto constituye, en ultimo ana-
lisis, una tentativa de toner en la esclavitud a centena-
res do millones de gente que estan an bajo el yugo impe-
rialista y debilitar lees fuerzas de paz del mundo." Aun
ruas, "opon?rse a la construction de una economia nacional
que se mantenga a si propia on otros paises o ejercer pre-
s ion economica sobre otro pals con este o aquel pretexto
no solo corro diametralmente opuesto a los principios del
internacionalismo proletario sino quo es un acto danino...
Nuestro partido y nuestro pueblo jamas tolerarin ma uirla-
ciones do los revisionistas por destruir la unidad..."
El revisionismo ester condenado y el marxismo-leninismo
continuara triunfando."] El 24 los norcoreanos inau ura-
ron emisiones diarias on ruso a a UR S: la envision del
25 rosumio el discurso de Choe descrito ma's arriba.
24 Julio: "Izvestiya" publico un extenso articulo titu-
lado Historica minion del comunitmo", escrito por el
doctor en historia Iosif Lemin y atribuyendo a Lenin la
idea do quo "nuevas invenciones on ciencia y teen loo gia
haran las defensas de nuestro pals tan formidables quo to-
dos los ataques contra el mismo se haran imposibles".
"La sabiduria y la dialectica de estos r~ onunciamientos
do Lenin dif ieren basicamente del do matismo esttani ca o .y
la yerta mania de las citas de los dogmaticos chinos con-
tomporaneos , etc.
25 Julio: "Pravda" dio realce a un articulo del camarada
Burlatskiy, "El analisis concreto es una de las exigoncias
mas importantes del leninismo", quo sigue la linea do la
carta abierta del PLUS al atacar a los chinos por "no
prostar atenc16n a ningun analisis de las condiciones mo-
dornas on la lucha del movimiento comunista mundial".
25 Julio: El organo partidario yugoslavo "Komunist" use
las conversaciones sobre la proscription de los ensayos
coma motivo para lievar adelante la critica de la poll-
tica china.. La actitud china hacia los esfuerzos por la
proscripcion de los ensayos "es una miniatura do la poli-
tioa integral china". La logica china de "todo o nada"
exprosa e1 "Fomunist", se desmorona en ccuantose analizan
las premisas on que ester construida. "Sobre las ruinas
do dicha falsa 16gica, quo se ofrece como la quintaesen-
cia del marxismo-leninismo, quedan solamonte frases seudor-
A fteclTear- Be DEaiSpQ 61 A000200020017-2
 en% 6jAOOO ar
Aip~oF~ FWRrsjb~~/fflaa' a-pv3aO
las dudosas a biciones propias... baJo el capote do la lucha
per los intereses del socialismof1. "El vordadero signifi-
cado do la ofensiva 'principista' china es an realidad la
capitulation ante las dificultades y pruebas", "una clasica
politica roaccionaria de convertir los dilomas internos
on conflictos internacionalos".
25 Julio: El Consojo ejecutivo nacional del PC canadienso
doc lard quo, a pesar do las frecuentes discusiones do la
position del PC chino on los ultimos tres anos, incluyendo
"las nogociacionos directas con los dirigentos chinos",
"nuostro partido so ha mantenido incolumo an la opinion do
quo la politica del PC chino as incompatible con !as ta-
roas do los comunistas en las condiciones del Canada y la
actual situation international". Critica "la actividad
faccionista del PC chino on muchos paises, incluso nuestro
propio pal's on el cual dicho partido ha establecido con-
tacto di recto con trotskistas".
25Julio: El politburo del PC chileno denuncio a los chi-
nos per su "formulacion difamante so`bre las cuestiones de
la coexistencia pacifica y la liberation nacional, asi
como per su "obra divisionista practica... ilevada a cabo
con la ayuda de fraccionistas oxpulsados do los Partidos
comunistas y con la ayuda de mercenaries y aventureros".
26 Julio: "Pravda" publics una declarac ion do Franz West,
m em o del Politburo del PC austriaco", qua con ciorta
cautela describe a los comunistas austriacos coma "en com-
pleto acuordo con el Partido do Lenin", ocupando "nuestra
posicion sabre la base do las historicas lecciones y do-
cisiones de los Congresos XX y XXII del PLUS".
26 Julio: "Pravda" publico tambien una declaration del so-
x
cretariado central del PC indio de quo "la posicion del PC
indio coincide integramento con la posicion del movimiento
comunista mundial y el PCUS y esta an oposici&n directa a
las orronoas opiniones do los dirigentos del PC chino" res:-
pocto a "los problomas ma's importantes" tratados en las
cartas do 14 do ,junco y 14 do Julio del PC chino y of PCUS,
rospoctivamente. "Sovoramonte condena las tentativas do
los dirigentes del PC chino do sombrar la discordia racial
Y reliSiosa. ... incitar al odio hacia la URSS y otros paises
socialistas europeos".
26 Julio - 2 A osto: La dolegacion del PC indonesio encabo-
zeda
par su prosi ante Aidit, arribada a Moscu el 20 do Julio
on visita ao PCUS y el PC chino, segun information do Sinjua
llegaria a La Habana junto con una dolegacion china a tomar
parte an la celebration del 26 do Julio, Pronsa Latina in-
forma de un almuorzo do Aidit con Guevara y otros el 30 do
Julio, y Tass informs el regreso do la dolegacion a Mosc'
el 2 do agosto.
26 Julio: Dirigie'ndose a una manifestation de masas on Pokin
Approvecoor~e~dr?`9~1~84IA
 App[$t .d Fc u5eocRspo 19p .t IAr D F a 4 $14 0 ~qj0qg2@4~~4
ataco las opinionos sovioticas:"Los hombros son factoros
dotorminantos on las guorras. Es completamente errado a-
contuar unilateralmonto los factoros toenicos. Hay hey
ciortos sedicontes marxistas aquiones Jos ha parecido
bien batir tambores por la politica do chantaje nuclear
del imporialismo norteamericano para intimidar al pueblo
del mundo ontoro... Este es... una practica do adelantar
los intoreses do la politica do agresion y guorra del in-
porialismo nortoamericano".
26 Julio: En otro comentario sobre la critica china do la
oxpuls on per Cheeoslovacuia do tres corresponsales do Sin-
jua, "Rude Pra7o1, el organo principal do prensa del PC
choco, exproso algo mas sobro las aetividades quo Ocasio-
naron is. expulsidn:"Una y otra voz viajarOn a traves do la
republica para entregar o mandar por corroo ci material a
los remotos rinconos del pass, comp on Jesonik, Moravia
del Norte..."
26 Julio y adolanto: El Partido socialista democratico
`a~~onds, el segundo grupo de oposicion an cuanto a tamano,
dociard segun la agencia Kyodo:"Rechazamos la l1nea de po-
litica do Mao T.so-tung quo dosafia pasta la guerra nuclear
y apoyamos is. linen do politica mas realista do Kruschev".
Entrotanto, guardaba silencio el organo "Akahata" del PC
japonos, que antes del acuerdo so habla expresado contra
un tratado para la proscripcion do onsayos come "un inton-
to do paralizar la vigilencia do los pueblos do varias na-
ciones contra is. politica de guerra y agrosion de las fu-
orzas imperialistas". Per fin al dia 29 publico un edi-
torial reconociendo que "ontre el pueblo japonds hay quie-
nos saludan la conclusion del tratado" asi como "los quo
irevienon contra ei excesivo optimismo". Apunta quo "con
la inminencia de is. IX Conferencia Mundial Contra las Bom-
bas Atomicas y do Hidrogeno [a colebrarse en Hiroshima del
2 al 7 do agosto], confrontamos una eituacion complicada...
Fuorzas reaccionarias japonesas 1'estan tratando de] para-
lizar la fuerza do la lucha ideologica del pueblo". Sin
embargo, on niinguna parte del articulo so critica a la
URSS siquiera indiroctamente per el papel que le tote on
ci tratado. El 2 do agosto informo is. agencia Kyodo quo
los dirigontos de Gonsyuikyo (Consejo japones contra las
bombas atomicas y do hidrogeno) so habfan reunido con al-
gunos do los delegados oxtranjoros an Hiroshima para ex-
plicarios quo is. Conferencia no podrfa ompezar ese diva como
so suponia porquo el PSJ y Sohyo (Consejo do sindicatos)
todavia no hab an eonseguido ponerse do acuerdo con el PC
japonos; los primoros exigfan "oponerse a todos los onsayos
nucleares per cualquior pats", pero los comunistas so opo-
nian fuertemento a semejante proscripcion sin distinciones.
Los informos de prensa procedontos de Hiroshima el 5 do
agosto indicaron quo la Conferencia por fin so habia puesto
an marcha luego quo of PSJ y Sohyo se }habfan retirado do
ella como protosta contra la domination comunista. Estu-
diantos alzados en motin retrasaron por 90 minutes is. co-
Ap~Fo' - &9R&`arSt2 99/0M dt Ao- PD $n6Sb6IAft 0 2fd6bt`_ ` 0
 AppmwA f cTi 19$9 $/a4lcgl ZR ,6 Q 9,gGiqO7-2
ante una concurrencia do 15.000 el tratado sobre proscrip-
tion do onsayos, quo "concede al agrosor cl dorecho a la
inatanza y deniega a las victimas el derecho do la autodo-
fonsa". Cuando denuncio al "dirigonto ruso" por haber he-
cho un virajo do "180 grados on un ano, el grupo sovietico
do 14 personas oncabezadas por el oditorialista de "Prav-
da" Yuri Zhukov so retiro, eguido do los delegados do In-
dia, Chocoslovaquia, Hungaria, Rumania y Yugoslavia. Pren-
sa Asociada agrega quo "la mayoria de las personas on of
parque Oran o identemento pro China y aplaudieron a Chao
ropetidaa votes",
27 Julio: Un portavoz del ministerio hungaro de rolacionou
oxterloros nego la veraoidad do infornics de Occidento on ci
sentido do que Kruschov visitar{a Hungria do paso para Yu-
oslavia on agosto.
27-28 Julio: El comunicado of is ial de 28 do Julio do la
conforencia do jefes do estado de los paises del Comecon
colobrada en Mosct on 24-26 do Julio indicts solamonto quo
so habian tratado asuntos del Comecon -- "on una atmosfora
do cordialidad, amistad fraternal y entondimionto mutuo",
con "completa unanimidad de opinidn de todos sus miembros".
El comunicado afirmo quo deborAn ser sostonidos "princi-
pios do igualdad" y "ostricta observation do la soberania".
No informo la autorizaeion de una agencia ejecutiva supra-
nacional, el progreso hacia el ostablocimiento de un banco
international, ni medidas especificas para coordinar ol.
plancamiento agricola. El 27 do Julio Tass expidio un co-
inunicado quo doclaraba quo el 26 do Julio se habits cele-
brado on Moscu "una reunion rutinaria del comitd consul-
tivo politico de los estados miombros del Pacto do Varso-
via", con la asistencia do los mismos jefes do ostado. El
jofo do las fuerzas armadas del Pacto, Mariscal Grochko,
r.indio informe sobre el estado do las fuerzas y "so adop-
taron docisionos apropiadas"; nada se dijo sobro cuostio-
nes "politicas".
28 Julio; El comito ojecutivo del CC del PC argentino
oxpresd su complete acuordo con los concoptos do la carta
abiorta del PCUS do 14 do Julio, denuncio la posicion y la
conducta de los chinos y condeno sus actividades divisionis-
tas..
22 Julio: La agencia ATA do Tirana transmitio un.inferme
do una ontrovista con Jacques Grippa, dirigonte do los
comunistas belgas on disidencia partidarios de los chinos,
quo ostaba do visita en Albania, atacando la i1noa rovisio-
nista del PC bolga, que de acuordo con 0l "se deriva on
gran parto do la 'linoa' de Togliatti".
29 Julio: "Pravda" publico un articulo do 2.400 palabras
Oscrito por Yuri Zhukov sobre el acuordo que proscribe los
ens ayos nucleares, con el titulo:'4Quien esta on pro; qu.ien
esta on contra?" poniendo a los chinos on la misma catc-
f-oria c n os "obse to
e Q e
:fo
 App Spygg F 19n99~~8/4 ? CIA-R~P8-~3uA99Oi?,rQR3cPQ7y2
1a rep1ton palabra per palabra... Los camaradas chinos as-
tan on compania on vordad poco onvidiablo si so arrastran
dotras do do Gaulle on desafio do la clararaente oxprosa
voluntad do todos los pueblos del Hondo..." "Izvestiya" ci
mismo dia publico un comentario parec ido escrito por Nice-
lay Polyanov.
30 Julio: "Pravda" destaco un articulo "La coexistencia pa-
c Pica es la via al socialismo", y -- con motivo del 00 ani-
vcrsari.o del Segundo congreao del Partido social de,uocrati-
co ruso, on el cual so produjo la ruptura que marco el prin-
cipio del bolchevismo como fuerza organizada -- una carta
do 4.000 palabras a nombre de 258 Viejos Bolchoviques on
la cual "proclanamos al mundo.., quo aprobamos incondicio-
nalmonte y dofenderemos irroconciliablemente las tosis" do
la,carta abiorta del PCUS y "apoyamos intogramonto la posi-
tion do nuostro CO loninista encabozado per el camarada N.
S. Kruschov. Denunciando a los chinos comp imitadoros do
Trotsky, la carta doclara quo "ofende ospociainente quo "on
aiuchas do las tosis do la carta del CC del PC chino a nuos-
tro CC so ropito simplomonte of A B C trotskistn-otzovista."
Tambien, "muchos do nosotros conocimos a Lenin personal-
monte,.n, y podenos doclarar con toda responsabilidad quo
prodiear la idea oxprosada on la Carta del CC del PC chino,
con referenda a Lenin, es sacrilego."
30 Julio: "La Voix ouvriere", diario ginebrino del Partido
suizo dcl trabajo (comunista) publico un articulo per Ma-
rino Bodenman, miembro del socrotariado del partido, criti
Cando al PC chino per Sias actividades divisionistas y do-
clarando quo el PST habia exprosado unanimemento su dosa-
cuordo con las opiniones chinas sabre las importantos cues"
tionos teoricas y practical.
Julio: Bajo el titular do multicolumna, "Veamos a qua
consocuonclas llevara la ilamada li`nea general de coexis->
toncia Pacifica", el "Diario del Pueblo" do Pekin dodico
dos planas complotas a reacciones al tratado do proscrip-
cion partial do los ensayos nucleares. La tercora parto
do la torcora Plana constaba de extractos do deelaraeionos
do Kruschov contra una proscription semejante, bajo of titu-
lar:"Las palabras do Kruschov contra los ensayos subtorra-
noos todavia suenan on los oldos; iquian es quion ha llo-
F~ado a tales extremos per 'forjar somejante arreglo' Para
~onganar a los pueblos?"' Los comontarios del "Diario del
Pueblo" sobro otras declaraciones so roflejan do mode pa-
rocido on sus titulares: per ojemplo, do Europa oriental:
"Tor,ie una aja Para clarinoar la victoria do la coexis
toncia pac fica"; do Albania: "Dando una falsa improsion
para onganar a los puob os ; do Yu?oslavia:"El grupo do
Tito esta' loco do alegria"; y "El poor servicio a la Paz,
i:sundial", para un editorial del "Morning News" de Pakistan
"quo dice quo una proscription parcial do los onsayos es
on oXtremo ridicula",.
A r- or R61 M8 24 ?$01A'A pM- ?19X0( 20W D 4ia
6
 Ap cord co Raloease a9Wc~a1 ;lAr.RP718 jPAWgq r 0007-2
"profundizar aun rags la division intornacional del traba-
jo, onsanchar la ospocializacion y la cooperation on la
production, dosarrollar la cooperation ciontifica y tccni-
ca y auraentar el volumon de la compravonta". Citando nora-
bros propios, doclara quo "la politica do una cooporacion
ontre paises socialistas on aislarniento del rosto del raun-
do, do la construction cada cual per su cuenta del socia-
lisno propugnada per los dirigontes del PC chino contradi-
ct las byes objetivas del dosarrollo do una sociodad so-
cialista. Liova al despilfarro del trabajo publico y el
dosconso del ritmo do crocimiento do la production... Los
caramadas chinos ostan tratando do imponer a otros poises
socialistas of eoncepto do la creation do economias nacio-
nalos autosuf is ientes... "
31 Julio: El "Zeni i Popullit" (do Albania) condone odito-
rialmonto el papal del Soviet on el acuerdo do proscripcion
do onsayos, con la vituperacion do esperarse. "N. Krus-
chev... no olo ha capitulado una vez rags ante los inporia.-
listas y caido en su try no solo ha hecho otras conco-
sionos y componendas faltas~do principio, sino quo lo quo
es mas ha colaborado abiertamonto con Jos imporialistas
,para hater der o al caapo socialista..
31 Julio: El Comite do defonsa do la paz, do la Mo~lic.,
die la publicidad una doclaracion aelebrando el acuerdo
do proscripcion do ensayos. (La pronsa raogol ha publicado
gran voluraen do articulos on apoyo do todos los aspectos
do la politica sovietica on su disputa con ci PC chino du-
ranto oste poriodo.)
31 Julio: Toda la pronsa de Pekin publico bajo grandos ti-
tularos una doclaracion de la RP china condonando Cl acuor-
do do proscripci6n do pruebas come "fraude sucio". Citan-
do una:, observation do Kruschev de 1961 contraria a una
proscripcion partial, dice la declaration:"Porn ahora el
Gobiorno sovietico ha girado 180 grades" y ha "vendido"
los intoreses del pueblo sovietico, los pueblos del cam-
po socialista,y todos los pueblos del mundo amantos do la
paz. "La politico prosoguida per el Gobiorno sovietico
as la do aliarse con las fuorzas de guerra Para oponorso
a las fuorzas do Paz, aliarse con el imperialismo Para o-
oorso a China y aliarse con los roaccionarios do todos
Zn
JO's paises Para oponorse al pueblo mundial... Es ca itula
c ion ante el imperialism norteamoricano. " La dot aracio z
cone uyo ro onion o una confereneia do los jefes do o-
biornos do todos os pa sos del raundo" Para discutir un
programa do cuatro puntos Para la proscripcion coin leta
y la destruccl6n absoluta do las arenas nuei earos in-
L orno del "Diario del Pueblo" sobre las carters do "Izves-
tiya" atacando a Jos chinos tiene per encabezaraiento osta
observac ion:" Quie nos, dospuos do todo, so han asociado a
loo salvo.jos americanos? No puedon ser otros quo Jos di-
rigontea do la Union Sovictica quo han hocho un giro do
180 0-rados"..
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
 App oxp Fqr. Ras S &P OR,L p ~3F&DFff Q3064AO002000 WQ2
a co ontarios do pronsa y roaccionos mundialos al acuordo
sobro proscripcion de ensayos, con of titular."Este no es
victoria Para ~la politica do coexistencia Pacifica; Coto
es capitulation ante cl iraporialisrao norteaiaoricano".
Tarabion publico extractos do documontos sovieticos dosdc
1946 "Para domostrar come of Gobiorno soviotico retroco-
dio Paso a Paso en esta cuostion hasta quo cayo do rodil-
l capitulo."
1 A onto: El primer couentario prosovietico sobro la do-
ciaraci n do la RP china del 31 do Julio procedio'do Cho-
coslovaquia, dondo la agoncia oficial CTK distribuyo una
declaration quo docia quo los chinos "ostan contraviniendo
loo principios de la declaration do Moscu do . 0 on una
'rrtontativa intonciona- do invert r el asunto do arriba a-
bajo... quo os.., indi no do las tradiciones revoluciona-
rias del pueblo chino.' as aun, las propuestas chinas
"en si no representan nada nuevo en vista del hecho do quo
of prograraa do desarme sometido per ei Gobiorno do la
URSS y otras propuestas do los passes socialistas ya con-
tionon sus objetivos". Un articulo on e1 "Rude Pravo" ti-
tulado "En un banco con los locos" donuncia que "ol Go-
biorno chino considora oportuno el moraento pars pasar del
nivol do divorgongias ideological a una position de abior-
ta hostilidad politica hacia la Union Sovietica". ROT,-7n,-_i xa
as los h n os:'rsiompro suena ,mbarazoso at del extranjoro
so aconseja al Gobiorno soviotico sabre lo que os o deja
do sor bueno Para los intorosos del socialismo, ...y ro-
sulta dpblomento embarazoso si osto to hate ge nto queue
no haber side per la existencia do la Union Soviotice so-
ciali to y this victories on la Sogg,unda Guerra Mundial, no
tondrian el odor en su propio ail." Concluye:"En roali-
dad,la propuosta china estd ideada Para oncubrir ei hecho
do quo ei Gobiorno chino actual:aonto no considora los :)asns
hacia of doxxarrme su principal fin, sine la .psi n do sus
proyias arenas nueleares. .Paraauo?.. (olipsis do CTK) no
co of podor o do be Union Sovidtica y su alianza con China
garantia muy suficiento Para o1 pueblo chino do quo los
imporialistas jamas so atrovoran a atacarlo? La oxporion-
cia no deja dudas do esto", declare el articulo, quo a-
contua quo los dirigontos chinos "primordialraente porsi-
CTK on?estavfocha tambi n informo una declaration del PC
britanico quo docia que los cargos do "vondido" do los
chinos "son indignos do los comunistas".
1 Agosto: Aparocio of primer nuuero do una edition japono-
sa do la "Pekin Review": contiene, interalia, los toxtos
do la carte del PC chino do 14 do junio al PCUS y la carte
ablorta do 14 do Julio del PCUS on contestation y "algunos
importantos articulos del 'Diario del Pueblo"'.
1-2 Agosto: Dirigiandose a una manifestacion on Pekin do
10.000 personas do todos los sectores" on apoyo do la No-
vena Conforencia Mundial per la proscripcion do las Bombas
Appr6~@WF&F l fsg~ J . PH U'ra1 (1682-0 2O 0 -2 do
 Apprngwdd F ems, 18,88 $124IdsIAL,RJ.R78r 1AQN Q QQQL 2
nistas croadoros" quo han "traicionado los iitorosos del
pueblo soviotico y el pueblo de todos los paises del nun-
do y han alzado las manes on rondicion al imporialiso
nortoamorican " El dia 2, el Comite pro paz do China y
"otras 13 organizaciones nacionales del pueblo do China"
onviaron un mensaje conjunto a la conforoncia on Hiroshi-
ma quo inclula la acusac ion do que el tratado tr ipart ita
para proscription partial do los onsayos nuclearos "ora
un absolute fraudo ideado para enranaarr alos pueblo ss de1
nun
2 Agosto: Todos los diarios do Pekin dieron ran realco
al editorial do hoy del "Diario del Pueblo", 'Pueblo do
todo el nundo, unios; Luchad por la complota proscription
y absoluta dostruccion do las areas nucloares", y el "Dia-
rio" dodico su torcora plana a informaciones y corientarios
bajo el encabezamiento, "Oponerse a Jos arms nucloares;
Rohusar sor osclavos nuclearos; y Dostrozar e1 fraudo nu-
clear." ..."Todos los pueblos, grandos o poquonos, nucloa-
res o no nucloaros, son iguales. Es absolutamento inpor-
nzisiblo quo dos o tres paises blandan a voluntad sus ar-
mao nucloares, expidan ordenes y mandates y so onsonoroon
sobro el nundo on la crooncia vanidosa do quo,son aLmos
nucloares, :iontras quo la avasalladora mayoria... tiono
gee arrodillarso on tiorra y obodecor drdenes, tal come
si.fuoran esclavos nucloares . El "Diario del Pueblo" tarm-
bion rosalt on prinera plana un discurso del general Lo
Jui-ching, vicepromior y jefc del ostado mayor, sobro cal
36 anivorsario dol ostablociniento del Ejercito popular
do l iberac ion, incluso su obsorvac idn do quo "alguna gonte
,. habia enpezado un core anti-China con los irsporialis-
Zas y roaccionarios do distintos paises" y quo el tratado
vondo los intorosos do la gotlte amanto do la paz. Final-
nonte, osto dia cartas firmadas por Chou En-lai fueron
ronitidas a "los jefes do Gobierno de todos los paises del
mundo" ilamando a una conferoncia mundial do acuerdo con
la declaracidn do la RP china,
3 A osto. El Gobierno soviotico contraataco a la decla-
raci n de la RP china do 31 do Julio. El texto do 5.000
palabras fue publicado en todos los diarios do Moscu cl
4; "Pravda" o "Izvestiya" publicaron tambidn la doclaracion
caina, "para quo todo el pueblo soviotico conozea la bajoza
a quo han descondido loo chinos". Declarando quo ei tra-
tado "comprueba la cor eccidn y viabilidad de la politica
do la cooxistencia paclfica", describe el "calido apoyo"
quo ha recibido "do los Gobiernos y pueblos do los ostados
socialistas, araplios circulos publicos do los paisos do
Asia, Africa America Latina, (y) nillones do obroros do
los pa sos capitalistas r toda la gento progrosista del
nundo". "La opinion coloctiva do los alses socialists
sobro la euesti n do la eosacion do los ensayos nuclearos
osta oxprosada on is. decision Cno so indica la focha] do
la conforoncia do los primeros secretaries do partidosx
comunistas y obreros y los Jefes do Gobierno do loses iso!
App 1 Tr ad
WIIWGII~Iw e Var %24 : CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
 Appro%iq4tnR@I'~~9f$~rx~~4~71$1~0@~~OQ@~io
do ignorar couplotamento hochoc quo conoco todo cl mundo",
la doclaracion sovi6tica prosonta su version do los co-
fuorzos do la URSS per of control nuclear y al dosaruo
dosdo 1946, con la conclusion do quo "la unica Salida ra-
zonablo os rosolvorlo paso a paso." Continua:"Tiono uno
quo estar absolutarmente fuera do contacto con la roalidad
para adolantar la altern,rtiva do 'todo o nada' con rolacion
a asuntos quo involucran los destinos del mundo y las vi-
das do nillones do Sonto". Este tratado puode sor objo-
tado solo por gonto "quo encubro con una fraso brillosa
sooro las nedidas do dosarno m s radicalos su falta do
d.is1poaicion
odeseo do conso uir c1 desarno
Con rolact?n a los "argumentos manosos" do los chinos
para acusar do "fraude" of tratado, los sovicticos pr gun-
tan:"uaQuionos, pugs, ostan engaiado a los pueblos?... si
so adolanta la cuest16n do quidn so beneficiaria ma's con
oste tratado, .no serfa raas corrocto suponer quo... la
Union Sovietica, corm la otencia nuclear on la comunidad
do ostados socialistas, estd on uejor rosicion Para 1uz ar
si so alterard o no cl oquilibrio do fuerzas...? No so
octa atribuyondo de.masiado el Gobierno de la RP china pacan-
''no c la proocupacion or cl otencial dofonsivo del cam-
Po socialists 1o quo induj al Gobierno do la RP china a
hacor la doclaracion. Lo quo osta tras do todo osto es
aparontcmente ci desoo... do soguir una olitica os ocial
sobro lo quo haya do hacorso on cuanto a as arras m as des-
J. fl
tructoras.,,
per la Uni n Sovi-tica?... No," prosigue la declaracion,
(Lo conclusionos on esto asunto per el Gobiorno sovidtico
Los sovicticos condemn la declaracion china come "ac-
cion sin procedente, lamentable on ,oxtre;o", quo "osta en
burda contradiccion a la linea comun do los oaisos socialis-
tas,., y on burda contradicc ic$n a los principios fundamon-
tales.,, bajo los cuales on dos ocasiones -- on 1957 y
1960 -- los dirigentos do la RP china ostamparon sus firmas
Do tal manora los dirigontos chinos so colocan abior-
t monto on oposicion a la comunidad socialists, al uovi-
mionto comunista mundial integro, a todos los pueblos cuaan-
tcs do la paz do Asia, Africa y America Latina." Adeuas,
es "una prueba uas" do la transforoncia do las divorgon-
cias ideolomicas a lag rolaciones ontro estados.
Luogo la doclaracion sovictica hace violent-, explosion
sobro "tales alogatos importinentos do quo... al Gobierno
soviotico 'traiciono los interoses del pueblo oovietico,
.., los pueblos do los paises social9.stas, incluso China,
y .,. los pueblos do todo of mundo amantos do la paz.' Es
difloil decir lo quo predomina aqui -- lairrosponsabili-
dad politica o la irritacidn de .onto cuvas ocperanzas la
aut de doc
ADDroved For eiease /69 1
vim ico y en su ugar? a Quin e pid o quo hablara on
nobre cue los pueblos do los otros Daises socialis as? Los
viola ;iisria echa or tiers,
e_S
ui n le dio derocho al Co-
;oi,erno e la RP china ara ha lar on nom re del uob o so-
 ApQnq Joor,Rptease 1 APP//? :.CIA- REQ,N~,1 QQO~?9Q~O~p~-2
vietico al Gobiorno sovi6tico... 4Los pasoc do quicn in-
tontan los dirigontos chinos soguir?"
Y los sovioticos finalmonto so dofiondon del cargo do
"giro do 180 grados" doclarando quo, on vista do "los tro-
rzondos carlbios quo ostan ocurriondo e4 nuestro planota...
lo quo solo ayor era inacoptable podria hoy rosultar util,
y aun do la maxima ut it idad. "
2, A o st o : "Nodong Sinmun" o rgano do pronsa norc oro ano,
publico un oditcrial condonando al tratado do proscripcion
do los onsayos come "contrario a la oxigoncia do la gonto
del mundo amanto do la paz" porque pond una valla do sopa-
racion ontro la proscripcion do los onsayos y la ilogali-
zacion do las arenas nucloaros, porn as complotamento anti-
EE UU. y no da el manor indicio do critica del papol do la
Union Sovi6tica on el rrisrio ni do los ataquos chinos on
su contra.
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
11
 Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
CHRONOLOGIE -- DISSENSSIONS CO1IUNISTES
No 9 23 juillet - 5 soft 1963
22-25 juillet - "Rai)otnichesko Delo" de Sofia a publi6 un article de
900 mots par Kosta Gone, niembre du PC de Bulgarie depuis 1914, com-
parant 1'attitude du PCC-relativement h la guerre et la paix avec
Celle du coupe trotsk ate des communietes de "l'aile gauche" ua.
s' opposaient h a politique de aix de Lnine au moment de la revolu-
tion d octobre. Trull le 23 juillet et Otechestven Front" le 25
juillet publiaient des articles se rapportant h la conference de
CEMA, appuyant la ligne sovi6tique sur la "division internationale
du travail" et la "sp6cialisation socialiste", et rejetant nettement
la critique chinoise.
23 juillet - 3 aoQt - L'Agence d'Inforraations de la Nouvelle Chine
NCN a fait circuler, et le "O.uotidien du Peuple" a public, une
sdrie d'&ditoriaux condamnant durement lea Soviets au sujet de la
question de 1'arret des essais. Ces 6ditoriaux ont tout d'abord pare
dans deux journaux de Mandalay en langue birmane. Cependant, le 3
aoftt, 1'agence Tass a fait circuler in rapport de "Pravda" versant de
"Novosti" h Rangoon et disant que "presque tour lea journaux birmans
avaient publid des articles faisant bon accueil h l'accord (come le
gouvernement et le Conseil Blrr~ian pour le Desarmement et la Paix) et
accusant NCNA d'extraire des passages dux journal provincial pour
appuyer sea direr concernant 1'opposition birmane. "Voulant induire
l'opinion publique en erreur, 1'Agence a fabrique une declaration
fausse de basse nature."
24 juillet - "Vjesnik" de Zagreb publiait un article denoncant lea
chefs ch nois qui "aprhs la victoire de la revolution en Chine ont
choisi de suivre lea pas de Staline, y compris le fait de faire des
victimes inutiles comme cela a etc le cas de la politique de Staline,
et d6fendent ouvertement lea principes stalinistes "aujourd'hui. Its
ont graduellement attaquu taus lea secteurs de 1'activite du PCUS".
"Paraphrasant Trotsky et sa 'revolution permanente', lea chef's chinoia
ont introduit le nouveau slogan de "1'offensive permaizente'."
24 juillet - -- Eclipsds au cours des dernibrea setaines par la po1d-
mique massive des partis plus importants lea Albanais ont frappe
de nouveau avec un editorial de six mille mots daps "Zeri I Popullit",
exaltant la lettre du PCC du 14 juin et attaquant "le groupe revision-
niste de N. Khrouchtchev"daps lea terines lea plus incendiairea em-
ployes jusqu'ici. Khrouchtchev et compagnie, "conspirateurs, simples
d'eaprit, menteurs et calomnieurs" sont en train de poignarder le
camp socialiste et le communisnie dana le dos, ont pear de la v6rit6
du marxisme-1eninisme, amhnent la ddgdn6rescence du parti et de 1'Etat
socialiste et sont en train de d6sarmer lea ouvriers: le veritable
internationaliste "eat 1'homne qui combat courageusement contre lea
vises r6visionnistes et lea activit6s divisoires du groupe de N.
Khrouchtchev."
24juillet - Le president de la Corde du Nord, Choe Yong-kon, dens un
long discours sur le sujet de la visite qu1il a faire en Chine au
nois de juin, a fait un 6loge sane bornes du PCC et de la R6publique
App rb edak ~el1 ,1989/O 231a~z ~A- RDda7 fl9~+6 ? ~4~0.~-2
-1-
 App CU$ d Fm iRsesans no 1999/08/24:rn r. ea brri~lQla 0002 sucets 3em orc a
par le peuple chinois Bans la construction du socialisme et lea chair
gements enorrnes qui sont en train de se faire Bans la societ6 chino-
se montrent nettement que la politique du PCC est correcte ... Nous
croyons fermement que le peuple chinois, uid6 par le PCC, va conti-
nuer h pousser de l'avant, tenant bien haut lea trois bannibres rou-
ges de la ligne de conduite gen6rale, du grand bond en avant, et des
communes du peuple ..." Apres avoir affirm6 que la Republique Popu-
laire Chinoise "realise la coexistence pacifique avec des pays de
systbmes sociaux difffents," Choe continue en disant qu'aujourd'hui
it est du devoir international de tous lea communistes et de tous
lea Bens progressistes ... de mener une lutte implacable contre toute
intrigue et toute machination pour isoler la Chine. Tout ce qui a
miner par un fiasco. En outre, Sous-estimer lea luttes de liberation
son influence internationale de plus en plus rande est Or de se ter-
des peuples asiatiques, africains et de 1 Americue Latins, entraver
la lutte de libdration nationals sous un pretexte ou sous autreat
en fin de comp a une ort pour maintenir dens l'esclavage des centai-
nes de millions de gens qui sont encore sous le joug imp6rialiste, et
pour affaiblir lea forces de paix du monde." En outre, "s'opposer
dens d'autres pays h la construction dune economie nationa'.e qui. se
suffit a elle-m me ou exercer une pression economique sur un autre
pays pour une raison ou pour une autre, non seulement eat diametra-
lement contraire aux principes de i'internationalisme proletaire
mass aussi est une mauvaise action ... Notre parti et notre peuple
ne tolereront jamais aucune machination des revisionnistes pour briser
l'unite ... (Le revisionnisme est perdu et le rnarxisme-1 ninisme va
continuer a. triumpher."] Le 24 juillet, lea Cordens du Nord ont aussi
inau a des Emissions quotidiennes en russe destin es VMS-;
1 mission du 25 juillet r sumait le discours de Choe dont nous venons
de parser.
24 juillet - "Izvestiya" presentait un long article intituie "La
mission storique du communisme" par Iosif Lemin, docteur en histoire;
ii cite Lenine comrne ayant expriA l'idee que "lea nouvelles inventions
de la science et de la technologie vont rendre lea defenses de notre
pays tellement forinidables que toutes lea attaques centre lui vont
devenir impossibles." "La sagesse et la dialeetique de ces d6clara-
tions de Lenine diffbrent fondamentalement de la stagnation des dog-
matistes chinois modernes avec leur habitue de citer froidement at
interminablement, etc.
25 juillet - "Pravda" contenait un article du camarade Burlatskiy
inti ez "L'Analyse concrete est Tune des demandes lea plus impor-
tantes du ieninisme", et qui suit la ligne de conduite de la lettre
ouverte du PLUS en attaquant lea Chinois pour "ne pas tenir compte de
l'analyse des conditions modernes Bans la lutte du mouvement commu-
niste mondial."
25 juillet - L'organe du parti yougosiave, "Komunist", se Bert des
entretiens sur 11arr4t des essais pour critiquer davantage la politi-
que chinoise. L'attitude chinoise envers lea efforts pour arriver
a un arr8t des essais "represente en miniature toute la politique
chinoise." La logs ue chinoise de "tout ou rien" dit "Komunist"
s'effondre aussit t qu'on analyse lea principes sur lesquels elle
App rr wdeFor"Rte3 aerIM0008024e:,C1 M 0 tAC00=0'( 20 *t6a
 Approve
come etant" la quintlessen0e/au .mar c a e- e8 O sm61Aii- ne2000 a que-2 00 des hp rases pseudo-radicales et une politi ue destructive, le n anque
complet du Sens de responsabiliteet =--e tentative pour faire passer
sea propres ambitions equivoques .. sous couvert de lutter pour :Les
internts du socialisme." Le vrai lens de l'offensive chinoise avec
see 'principea' eat en r6alit6 la capitulation devant lea difficult8s
et lea Spreuves", "une politique r6a'ctionnaire classique qui consiste
transformer lea dilemmes internes en conflits internationaux."
25 juillet - Le comit6 ex6cutif national du PC du Canada a d4clard
que malgr des discussions fr&quentes au sujet de la position du PCC
depuis trois ans, y compris "des n4gociations directes avec lea leaders
Chinois," "notre parti eat rest? inebranlablement attache a l'opinion
que la politique du PCC eat incompatible avec lea t9ches des communis-
tes daps lea conditions oti se trouvent le Canada et la situation in-
ternationale actuelle." Ii critique "llactivite de faction du PCC
Bans bien des pays, y compris le n8tre ou ce parts eat entre directe-
ment en contact avec lea trotskystes."
25 juillet - Le bureau politique du P.C. chilien a d4nonc6 lea Chinois
pour sere exprim6s de fagon "diffamatoire a sujet de is coexisten-
ce pacifique et de la liberation nationale, et pour leur "travail di-
visoire ... pour lequel il.s emploient des fractionnistes expulses des
partis eommunistes, et aussi des mercenaires et des aventuriers."
26 juillet - "Pravda" publie une d6claration de Franz West, "un mem-
bre du bureau politique du P.C. autrichien," qui asse$ prudemment de-
crit lea conmiunistes autrichiens commeetant "pleinement d'accord avec
le parti de LLnine," "noun basant sur lea lecons et lea decisions his-
toriques des XXe et XXIIe congrbs du P.C.U.S."
26 juillet - "Pravda" a aussi pu'olid une d6claration du secr6tariat
central du P.C. de 1'Irnde disant que "l'attitude du P.C. indien Con-
corde tout h fait avec celle du mouvement communiste mondial. et du
P.C.U.S., et eat directement opposee aux vues errondes des chefs du
P.C.C." oour "lea problbmes lea plus inrportants" discutds dans lea
lettres du 14 juin et du 14 juillet du P.C.C. et du P.C.U.S., respec-
tivement. Elle "condamne sdvbrement lea efforts des leaders du P.C.C.
pour semer la discorde raciale et reli ieuse pour ... inciter h la
haine core l'U.R.S. . et d autres pays socialistes d'Europe."
26 juillet - 2 aoct - NCNA a rapporte que la ddldgation du P.C. de
1 Indon .sie avec idit a sa t$te, qui eat arrivee h Moscou le 20
juillet pour faire visite au. P.C.U.S. et au P.C.C., arrivait h la
Havane en mOme temps qu'une ddldgation chinoise pour prendre part
aux f8tes cubaines du 26 juillet. "Prensa Latina" a rapporte
qu'Aidit avait ddjeund avec Guevara et d'autres le 30 juillet, et
Tass a rapport6 que la ddidgation etait revenue h Moscou le 2 aollt.
26 juillet - Parlant h un grand rassemblement h Pekin h 1'occasion
du 0e anniversaire de la "victoire de la guerre de Corde", Kuo Mo-jo,
president du comitd Chinois pour la paix, s'eet attaqu6 aux vues so-
vi6tiques: "Ce sont lea hommes qui sont lea facteurs d6terminants
dans lea guerres. C'est un grand tort d'insister uni&uement sur lea
facteurs teebni ues. Ii y a aujourd'hui de proms marxistes qui
ont troouv bon d' voquer la politique de chantage nucldaire de 'im-
App dL Rwlb#sei4L9"M8 ffiCPA-IM 30616r000.200?5d00'9pi2rt
3 -
 Approved For Release 1999/00(24: CIA-RQP~78 30,61~022 q .~.~ 2
h favoriser la politique agression e e e
americain."
26 juillet - Commentant de nouveau sur is fait que lea Chinois ant
crit iqqud la Tchecosiovaquie pour avoir expuls6 trois correspondents
de NCNA, "Rude Pravo", le principal organe du parti conmiuniste tche-
coslovaque, donne des details our lea activites qui out amens l'ex-
pulsion: "Maintes et maintes This ils out voyage dens toute la repu-
blique pour delivrer le materiel en question ou le mettre h la poste
daans des coins ecartes du pays, come en Jesenik, dans la Moravie
du Nord ..."
26 juillet et fours suivants - Le parti socialiste democratique japo-.
naie le second par ordre de grandeur des ;loupes d'opposition, -a-d7-
clare d'e.prhs l'agence Kyodo: "Nous rejetons la po.itique de Mao Tse-
toung qui defie jusqu'h la guerre nucleaire et nous sommes partisans
de la pol.itique de Khrouchtchev qui est plus d'accord avec lea faits."
Dane l'entre-temps, l'organe du parti communiste du Japon "Akahata"
qui avant que l'on soit parvenu h un accord avait attaque un traits
partiel pour l'arritt des essais comrae.etant "une tentative pour para-
lyser la viGilance des peuples des diverses nations contre la politi-
que de guerre at d'agression des forces imperialistes," etait silen-
cieux. Enfin, le 29, it publiait un editorial reconnaissant qu.e
"dens le peuple japonais ii y avait ceux qui acciamaient la conclu-
sion du traits" at aussi "ceux qui ardent contre un optimisme trop
grand." 11 remarquait: "La neuvihme conference mondiale contre lea
bombes atomiques et h hydroghne devant se reunir incessamment [pre-
vue pour Hiroshima du 2 au 7 aoatj, nous nous trouvons devant une
situation compliquee ... Lea forces reactionnaires japonaises
[sont en train d'essayerj de paralyser la force de is. lutte ideologi-
que du peuple." Toutefois, nulle part dans l'article y a-t-il mime
1'implication dune critique de 1'U.R.S.S. pour le r6le qu'elle a joue
Bans le traits. Le 2 aoft rtyodo rapportait que lea leaders de Gen-
syuikyo (Conseil japonais contre lee bombes atomiques et h hydrogen)
s'etaient reunis avec certains des delegues strangers h Hiroshima
pour expliquer que la conference ne pouvait commercer ce jour-lh com-
me prevu pares que le parti socialiste japonais et Sohyo (Conseil
des syndicate) n'avaient pas encore reuasi h s'entendre avec le P.C.
japonais; lea premiers demandaient h ce qu!on "s'oppoae h taus lea
essais nucleaires de n'importe quel pays", macs lea conraunistes
s'opposaient fortement h une interdiction aussi categorique. Des
communiques de la presse dates d'Hiroshima le 5 aoft indiquaient
que la conference avait finalement commence apres que le parti soci-
aliste japonais et Sohyo s'etaient retire your protester contre la
domination commnuniste. Des bagarres d'etudiants avaient retards
1'ouverture de la seance de 90 minutes. Un des principaux orateurs
etaient le chef de la delegation chinoise, Chao Pu-chu, qui a denon-
ce devant un auditoire de 15.000 personnel le traits de 1'arrtt des
essais qui "donne h 1'agreseeur le droit de massacrer, et refuse aux
victimes le droit de legitime defense." Quand it a accuse "le chef
russe" d'avoir "change du tout au tout en un an", la delegation so-
vietique au nombre de 14 sous la direction de Yuri Jukov qui ecrit
des editoriaux dens "Pravda" est sortie, suivie des delegues de
1'Inde, de la Tchecoslovaquie, de la Hongrie, de la Roumanie at de
la Yougoslavie. L'agence de la Presse associee ajoute que "la plu-
part des personnes dens le part etaient evidemment pro-ohinoises et
Approved ,ft aetea 499 4: CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
 Appr??v Re7e93'j~Aq0MQ@ 7-2
de la Hongrie a qualifie de faux des rapports venant de 1'Oueat que
Khrouchtchev se rendrait en Hongrie avant dialler en Yougoslavie au
mois d' aoft.
27-28 juillet - Le commnuniga6 officiel du 28 juillet sur is. conferen-
ce des chefs d'Etat des pays de CEMA qui a eu lieu , Moscou du 24 au
26 juillet indiquait seulement qufiil avait dt6 question de choses
concernant CEMA -- "dens une atmosphhre de cordialit4, d'amiti6 fra-
ternelle et de comprdhension mutuelle" avec "unanimit6 complhte d'o-
pinion de la part de tous les membres." Le communiqu,6 affirmait
qu'il fallait observer "les principes d'dgalit6" et ")'observance
stricte de is. souverainete". Le communique n'.a rien dit au sujet de
l'autorisation dune agence executive supra-nationale, de progrbs
vers 1'etablissement dune banque internationale, ou de mesures sp--
cifiques pour coordonner la planification agricole. Le 27 juillet,
Tass donnait un communique qui declarait qu'une "seance ordinaire du
comit6 consultatif politique des Etats membres du pacte de Varsovie"
avait eu lieu h. Moscou le 26 juillet, les manes the s Etat taut
presents. Le chef des forces armees du pacte, le marLchal Grechko,
a donne un rapport sur le statut des forces, et des "decisions ap-
proprides out ete adoptees"; rien n'a ete dit au sujet de questions
"politiques".
28 juillet - Le comit6 exdcutif du comite central du P.C. de l' -
tine a dit qu'il etait tout h. fait d'accord avec lea dispositions de
la lettre ouverte du P.C.U.S. en date du 11+ juillet, a denonce is.
position et is. conduite des Chinois at a condamne leurs activites
divisoires.
2929juuille_t - L'agence d'informaations de Tirana ATA a transmis un rap-
port dune entrevue avec Jacques Grippa, chef des communistes dissi-
dents belges pro-chinois, qui visite en ce moment l'Albanie. Ii
s'est ettaq 6 h )'attitude revisionniste du P.C. beige qui, dit-il,
vient surtout de is. 'ligne' de Togliatti."
29 juillet - "Pravda" contenait un article de 2400 mots de Yuri Jukov
au sujet de l'accord sur l'arret des essais aver le titre: "Q,ui est
pour? Qui est contre?" I1 met lea Chinois dens le meme sac que les
"insenses" des Etats-Unis et de l'Europe qui s'opposent h cette in-
terdiction des essais. "Ils ont l'effronterie de copier lea arguments
demagogi es de la propagande bourgeoise ran.aise et de is. r p ter
mot pour mot ... Les camarades cbinois sont en effet une compagnie
peu enviable s'ils suivent de Gaulle malgre la volont6 nettement ex-
primee de toes les peuples du monde ..." "Izvestiya" le meme jour
publiait un commentaire dens le meme ton par Niko:+.ay Polyanov.
30 juillet - L'article principal de "Pravda", "La coexistence paci-
fique est le chemin qui mhne au socialisme", et -- h. )'occasion du 60e
anniversaire du deuxihme congrhs du parti social-democrate russe qui
amena la rupture marquant le commencement du bQlchevisme en tent que
force organisGe -- une lettre de 4-.000 mote au nom de 258 Vieux Bol-
cheviques dans laquelle ils "proclament devant le monde entier ...
que 'noes approuvons sans condition et defendrons implacablement les
thhses" de la lettre ouverte du P.C.U.S. at appuyons comp)htement Is.
position de notre comit6 central leniniste dirige par le camarade
AppFbAtl P'R 9%b 199It ra
 Approvd F Releaseg 1994 /08/24 : Ito-RDP78-O306100020002~0007~n2
de rotsor , la lettre Clare qui es par cu a remen c q l
que s un grand nombre des thkses de la lettre du comit6 central
du P.C.C. a notre comite central 1'ABC trotsk ste-Otzoviste eat sim-
plement repete." Aussi, "un grand nombre Ventre nous ont connu L6-
nine personnelleraent ... et nous pouvons declarer en toute responsabi-
lite que pr9cher 1'idee indiquee dans la lettre du comite central du
P.C.C., en ce qui concerne Lenine, eat un sacrilege."
30 juillet - "La Voix Ouvriere", l'organe quotidian de Geneve du parti
travailliste communiste Suisse a public un article par un membre du
secretariat du parti, Marino Bodenman critiquant le P.C.C. pour sea
activites divisoires at disant que le parti travailliste suisse avait
exprime h l'unanimite qu'il n'etait pas d'accord avec lea vises chinoi-
sea sur lea importantes questions thdoriques et pratiques.
30 juillet - Sous une grande manchette disant: "Regardez, h quelles
con sequences vont nous amener la soi-disant ligne generale de coexis-
tence pacifique?" le "Quotidien du Peuple" de Pekin a consacre deux
pages entiLres aux reactions au traite d'un arret partiel des essais.
Un tiers de sa troisibme page consistait en extraits tires de decla-
rations faites autrefois par Ihrouchtchev s'opposant h un arr$t ;partial
des essais sous 1'en?-tete: "Lea termes querouchtchev a employes
contre lea essais souterrains sonnent encore dans nos oreilles: Qui
s'est donne tent de mal pour 'faire un tel marche' pour 'tromper lea
peuples". Les conmaentaires du "Quotidien du Peuple" au oujet d'au-
tres declarations sont refletes de meme facon dans leurs en-t9tes:
par exemple, ceux de l'Europe Orientale "Se saisissent dune paille
pour claironner la victoire de la lacoexistence pacifique," ceux d'Albanie
disent: "Donner une fausse impression pour tromper lea peuples", ceux
de Yougoslavie: "Le groupe de Tito ne se sent pas de joie", et "Le plus
mauvais service rendu h la paix mondiale"; ce dernier vient d'un
editorial des "Nouvelles du Matin" du Pakistan "qui dit qu'un arret
partial des essais eat tout ce qui pourraitt tEre de plus ridicule."
31 juillet - Un editorial de "Pravda" touchant h la conference de CEMA
en juillet soilignait "l'importance critique" qu'il y avait h "appro-
fondir davantage la division internationale et socialiste du travail,
1'elargissement de la specialisation et la cooperation dans la pro-
duction, le developperaent de la cooperation scientifique at technique
et celui du commerce." Citant des noms, it continue en disant que
"la politique dune cooperation des pays socialistes isoles du reste
du monde, dune construction du socialisme qui se fait dans l'isole-
ment, principes preconises par lea chefs du P.C.C., contredit lea lois
objectives. du developpement dune societe socialiste. Elle aboutit
au gaspillage du travail public et au ralentissement du taux de crois-
sance de la production ... Les cainarades chinois essaient d'imposer
h d'autres pays socialistes la creation d'economies nationales qui
se suffisent h elles-memes ..."
31 Juillet - "Zeri I Popullit" d'Albanie a denonce dans un editorial
le r le sovietique relatif a l'accord de l'arr't des essais avec lea
invectives auxquelles on pouvait s'attendre. "N. Khrouchtchev .. non
seulement a capitule une This de plus devant lea imperialistes et eat
tombe dans leur p inge; non seulement it a fait des concessions at des
compromis d nu s de principes; mail ce qui eat pire, it a ouverte-
ment collabore avec lea imperialistes pour nuire au camp socialiste ..."
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 Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-03Q61A00Q20002ODi07-
31 juillet -- Lw Comit6 Mongol pour la d fense ce a paix a pug e
d claration saluant 1'accord sur l'arret des essais. (La presse mon-
gole a publid une abondante Brie d'articles approuvant toes ley as-
pects de la politique sovi6tique dans sa dispute avec le P.C.C. pen-
dant cette p&riode.)
31 juillet - Tous lee jovxnaux de PAin ant accorde d'enormes manchet-
tes & une dLclaration de la Republique Populaire Chinoise dhnoncant
le traits de Parr?t des essais comae dtant ''un sale coup". WAS
avoir AS un conuuentaire fait par Khrouchtcbev en 1961 s'opposant h
Luz arr^et partiel des essais, la declaration dit: "Mais maintenant le
gouvernement sovietique a fait volte-face et a"vendu" ley inter^ets
du peuple sovietique, des peuples du camp socialiste et de tous ley
peuples du monde amis de la paix. "La politique poursuivie par le
gouvernement sovietique consiste a s'allier avec ley forces de guerre
pour s"opposer aux forces de paix, h s' allier avec 1' 50 ialisme
pour s'opposer au socialisme, o. s'allier aux Etats--Unix pour s'oppo-
ser h la Chine, et a s'allier avec ley AM ires ade tous ley
pays pour s'opposer our peuples du monde.... Vest une capitulation
h 1'imperialisme americain." La declaration se terwine en proposant
une conference des chefs des jouvernements de tous ley pays du monde"
pour discuter un programme en quatre points pour l'interdiction corn--
ple-te et la destruction absolue des armes nucleaires, Le rapport
que le "Quotidien du Peuple fait des lettres "d'Izvestiya" attaquant
ley Chinois connuence en disant: "Qui, en fin de compte, se sont ran--
ges du cite des insenses americains? Ce ne peut Otre que ley chefs
de l'Union Sovietique qui ant fait volte-face."
ler aogt - "Le Quotidien du Peuple" a consacre presque deux pages h
des commentaires et des reactions de la presse au traits sur l'arrret
des essais dans le monde entier sous la manchette: "Ceci nest pas
une victoire pour la politique de la coexistence pacifique; c'est
une capitulation h l'imperialisme amer-icain." Il a aussi public des
extraits tires de documents sovietiques remontant h 19I.6 "pour mon-
trer comment le gouvernenent sovietique a battu en retraite petit h
petit h ce sujet jusqu'a ce qu'il tombe h genoux et capitule."
ler aoQt -- Le premier commentaire pro-sovietique au sujet de la de-
claration de la Republique Populaire Chinoise en date du 31 juillet
et dont ii est question ci-dessus est venu de Tchecosiovaquie ouh
l'agence officielle CTK a declare que ley Chinois "violent ley prin-
cipes de la declaration de Moscow de 1960" avec "l'intention de chan-
ger ley chases du tout au tout ... ce qui nest pas digne des tradi-
tions revolutionnaires du peuple Chinois." En outre, ley propositions
chinoises en elles-mimes ne representent rien de nouveau etant donne
que le programme de deaarmement soumis par le gouvernement de 1'U.R.
S.S. et autres propositions des pays socialistes contiennent deja
leurs objectify." Un article de "Rude Pravo" intitule "Sur le mme
bane que ley foul", accuse le gouvernement Chinois de considerer le
moment opportum pour passer des differences ideologiques h une posi-
tion d'hostilitC politique manifeste envers l'Union SoviCtique."
Puis it ajoute: it est toujours embarrassant que quelqu'un h 1'etran-
Ger se mGle de donner au gouvernement sovietique des conseils sur ce
qu'il convient de faire ou de ne pas faire dans 1'interat du soci-
alisme, ... et ii est deux fois plus embarrassant si ces conseils
viennent de Sens qui, sans l'Union Sovieniue socialiste et ses vic-
ApprbdorrFae ~i4~8-0-g~-nor
-7 -
 Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA RQP78-~ Q A00020 02Oa ~ -2
da~zs levx propre pays. II conclu r a x , pro
chinoise a our objet de 'dissi:mler le fait que le ouvernement
chinois pour le moment ne considere pas comme son objectif -Ecipal
des mesures menant au d sarmement male la possession de ses propres
arses nucl sires. PPo~our uoi? ...points de suspension de CTK Le
pouvoir de l'Union Sov ticjue et son alliance avec la Chine ne sont-
ils une gara;itie suffisante pour le peuple chinois que les im 6ria-
listes n'oseront jamais l'attaquer? L'exp6rience ne permet pas de
doute b. ce sujet", dit Particle qui souligne que les chefs chinois
"poursuivent surtout leurs interets de grande uissance". CTK is
jour rapportait aussi une declaration du P.C. britannique disant
que les accusations chinoises de "s'#tre laisse acheter" etaient
"indignes de communistes".
ler ao{tt ?- Le premier numero d'une &dition japonaise de la "Revue de
PP61: I a etc public, it contient, entre autres choses, les uextes de
is lettre du P.C.C. du iii. juin adressee au P.C.U.S. et is lettre ou_.
verte du 14 juillet que le P.C.U.S. a envoyee co:amie reponse, "et cer-
tains articles importazts du "nuotidien du Peuple".
ler--2 aoet - Prenznt la parole a P61;in devant un grand rassemblement
de lO.000 personnes de toutes les positions sociales" bL l.'appui do
la Neuvibme Conf6rence Mondiale -pour interdire les bombes atomiques
et h hydrogene qui devait avoir lieu h Hiroshima entre le 2 etc is 7
ao'ftt, ILuo Mo-jo s'est attaquL a "ces soi?-disant marxistes-?leninistes
qui ont "trahi les inter?ts du peuple sov16tique et des peuples de
tous les pays du monde et ont lev6 les mains en soumission a 1' impe-
rialisme des Etats-Unis." Le 2 aott, le cowite chinois pour la
pair "et 13 autres organisations populaires nationales de la Chine"
se sont jointer pour envoyer un message h la conference d'Hiroshima
disant que he traite partiel tri-partite pour i'arret des essais
nucl4aires "Ctait une supercherie totale ayant pour objet de trouper
lee peuples du monde.
2 aofZt - Tous les journaux de PLkin ont accorde d'enorraes manchettes
c7itozia1 du mime jour Bans le " uotidien du Peuple": "Peupl.es
du monde, unissez-vous; luttez pour i'interdiction cornpl~te et is
destruction absolue des ernes nucleaires," et le "cuotidien du
Peuple" lui-meme a consacre sa troisibrae page h des rapports et a
des cor~mentaires groupes sous 1'en-tete: "Opposez?-vous aux seigneurs
nucieaires; refusez d' tre des esclaves nucl6aires; ecrasez la frau-
de nucl6aire." ... "Tour lee pays, petits et ?rands, nucleaires ou
non, sont e;aux. Il est absolument inadmissible que dews ou trois
pays brandissent leurs acmes nuel aires h volont donnent es ordres
et des commanderaents, at le prenne de haut avec le m o n d e dans 1 ' o o i - -
n i o n pr somptueuse q u ils eont lee maTtres nucl aires, a_ors que 1' -
norme ma jorit,A ... doit s agenouiller par terse et ob6ir a leurs ordres,
conmie si elle se composait d'esclaves nucleaires.,The uotidien du
Peuple" a aussi place en premibre page un disc ours du general. Lo Jui-
ching, vice-premier ministre et chef cie 11etat major general, a l.'oc-
casion du 35e anniversaire de 1'ari.zee de la liberation populaire, y
compris ses remarques que "certains ;ens ... avaient fonde un choeur
anti-Chine avec les imperialistes et les r6actionnaires de divers pays",
et que le traite trabit lee interets des peuples amis de is pair.
Enfin, a is m0me date, des lettres signees par Chou En-lai ont etc
envoyees atac "chefs de gouvernement de tous les pays du monde" de-
App row""dlfolpte4~etV99M81'-24':e 11 DFi7W9SdMA O 2 -2
 Apppavela FR2pu figae '0 9 a!pre 4iI_jI6-F 3T85 3i01f~'~A000200020007-2
3 aoat - Le gouvernement sovietique a repondu au coup de la declara-
tion du 31 juillet de la Republique populaire Chinoise. Le texte de
5.000 mots a ete publA dans tous lea journaux de Moscou le 4 aofit,
et "Pravda" et "lzvestiya" ont aussi public la declaration chinoise
"pour que tout le peuple sovietique puisse savoir combien lee chefs
chinois etaient tomb6s bas." Disant que le traitd "prouve que la po-
liticcjue de coexistence pacifique est correcte et viable'', lee journaux
disent qu'ii est "chaudement appuye par lee gouvernements et lee peo-
ples des pays socialistes, par de noriareux milieux dams lee pays de
1'Asie, de I'Afrique et de 1'Arnerique Latine, (et) par des millions
d'ouvriers ans lee pays capitalistes. L opinion collective des
pays socialistes pour ce qui est de i'arr t des essais nucleaires est
exprir,iee clans la decision [sans date donneej de la conference des
premiers secretaires des partis ouvriers et communistes et des chefs
de gouvernement des pays du Pacte de Varsovie."
Affirmant que "le gouvernement de la R.P.C. est en train d'es-
sayer de passer complitement sous silence des faits connus du monde
entier," la declaration sovietique presente sa propre version des
efforts de 1'U.R.S.S. en ce qui concerne le contr81e nucleaire et le
clLsarnzement depuis 1946, en concluant que la "seule fawn raisonnable
d'en sortir est de rGsoudre le problhme graduelleruent." Elle conti-
nue: "li faut n'etre absolument pas au courant des r6alit6s pour
avancer l'alternative de 'tout ou rien' en ce qui touche aux desti-
nWes du monde et aux existences de millions de gene." Pour s'opposer
ce ?traitK, ii faut des Bens "qui font des phrases tapageuses au
sujet des insures de desarmement lee plus radicales pour cacher
leur manque de preparation ou le fait qu' ils Wont aucun clesir d' ar-
river au desarmement."
S'attaquaii?t aux "arguments inventes" des Chinois pour qualifier
le traits de "fraude", lee Soviets demandent: "Qui alors est vrai-
uent en train de trouper lee peuples? ... Si on en arrive a la ques-
tion de savoir qui va profiter le plus de ce traits, ne serait-il pas
plus correct de supposer que ... l'Union Sovietique, etant la puis-
sance nuc16aire dens la communaute des Etats socialistes est mieux
place pour auger si la balance des forces va changer ou non ...?
Le gouvernement de la R.P.C. ne prend-il pas trop sur soi en tirant
k ce sujet des conclusions pour le gouvernemmnt sov16tique, pour
l'Union Sovietique? ... "Non", ajoute la declaration, "ce n'est
pas parce qu'il s'inquibte du potentiel de defense du camp socialists
que le gouvernement de la R.P.C. a fait la declaration en question,
de quit y a clerribre tout ceci semble Are un desir ... de poursuivre
une poiltique spdciale sur la question de ce qu'on dolt faire au su-
jet des armes lee plus destructives ..."
Les Soviets qualifient la declaration chinoise "d'acte extremement
regrettable et sans precedent" qui est en contradiction flagrante avec
l'attitude commune des Etats socialistes ... et en contradiction
flagrante avec les principes fondarnentaux ... d'aprbs lesquels h
deux reprises ? en 1957 et en 1960 -- lee chefs de la R.P.C. out ap?-
pose leers signatures. De ce fait, lee chefs chinois se placent
eux-A-mes deliberement contre la communaute socialiste, contre tout
le niouvement corm piste mondial, contre tous lee peuples amis de la
A~it#'A P75Y039 0M2'0?0 0607-2r'e
App n $ c Ieasre 49/O84
 Approved For Release 199/08/24 ; .C -RDP7q Q3 61.A0002~Q Q007-2
o d o~ 1 es _L
ne preuve qu on a perm is aux a:i' rences
lea relations entre Etats.
La declaration sovidtique fait alors violemment explosion au
sujet "d'assertions aussi impudences que celles -ci ... que le gouven
nement sov16tique 'a traii les int6r9ts du peuple sovidtique ... des
peoples des pays socialistes y compris is. Chine, et ... des peoples
arais de la paix dens le monde entier. 11 est difficile de dire ce
qui dorii.ne ici -- le man ue de res onsabilitd oliti ue ou 1'irri-
'cation de g ens dont les espoirs ont t crass par la vie in me
Qui a donais- au gouvernernenc de, la .P. P.C. le pouvoir de parler au nom
du people sovidticlue et pour lui? Qui lui a demandd de parler pour
lea peoples des autres pays socialistes? Les auteurs de Is d clara--
tion doivent 9tre en train de perc'Lre la tate si ... ils cherchent ...
h soulever le eu le sovidti ue contra le ouvernement sovi ti ue ...
De qui les chefs chinois ont-ils 1'intention de suivre les pas?
Enfin, les Soviets se ddfendent contra i'accusation d'avoir fait
"volte-face" en disant qu'dtant donne "les changements formidables
qui se font sur no-tre planate", "ce gui inacceptable pas plus
tard qu'hier pourrait titre utile, rume extreuiement utile aujourd'hui.
ti. aoCt - L'organe de la Corde du Nord "Nodong Sinmun" a finalement
pMli6 un editorial condamriant le traitd de 1'arret des essais comae
dtant "contraire aux demandes des peoples du monde amis de la paix."
pour avoir isold l'interdiction des essais de celle des arses nu-
cldaires, mais l'article est complhtemeent anti--amdricain et ne cri-
tique en aucune facon le role des Soviets ni les attaques chinoises.
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 12 August 1363
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6635. Nuclear Test Ban and Cold War
25X1C1Ob
BACKGROUND: Conclusion of an agreement to ban nuclear tests
in theair,-under water and in outer space by the Soviet, US and
British Governments, accompanied by the prospect of additional
agreements to reduce the threat of general war and to lower inter-
national tensions, while acclaimed by many governments and by a
large segment of world public opinion, is causing two trends of
(mutually exclusive) adverse reactions:
a. The test ban treaty and any subsequent agree-
ments are rejected, primarily because "Communist
governments cannot be trusted" and treaties with them
are therefore a dangerous sel -deception of the free
world (the same opposition, with opposite reasoning,
is voiced by the Chinese Communists: "imperialist"
governments cannot be trusted and Khrushchev is fall-
ing into a US "trap"),
b. The test ban treaty and the hoped-for addition-
al East-West agreements are extravagantly praised as
an "end of the cold war," an interpretation intensively
encouraged by Soviet-Communist propaganda.
Can and Should the Free World Conclude Treaties with Communist
Govermaen s? major unresolved conflicts of-interest exist
Between two or more nations, they can be settled only by negotiation
or by war. Differences between the Free World and the Communist
Bloc are too numerous and too grave to be simply disregarded; nuclea
war is too dreadful in its consequences to be acceptable as a means
of national policy -- it can only be considered as a last means of
defense, after all other attempts to safeguard vital national
interests have failed. Consequently, there can be really no ques-
tion vi h e t h e r to negotiate; the problem is, however, under what
c o n d I t i o n s to deal with Communist Governments.
Least Treaty Experiences. The over-all record of how the Soviet
Union and other Communist governments fulfilled agreements they had
signed is very poor (see, for instance, the unclassified pamphlet
"The Soviet Union*s Treaty Record" -- available in several lan-
guages). Communist Governments have either completely refused to
conclude agreements (e.g. payment of World War Two lend-ease debts),
or have procrastinated for years in order to "wear the other side
down" (e.g. Austrian peace treaty -- over 7 years; Korean armistice
-- 3 years), have often arbitrarily and disloyally misinterpreted
and distorted agreements they have signed (e.g. "free emocra. c
elections" in Eastern Europe; withdrawal of all foreign forces in
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 (635 Cont.) 12 August 1963
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Laos) or have directly violated a solemn obligation (e.g. Sovie'`-
Japanese non-aggression pact 0 1941).
Enforceable and Unenforceable Treaties. A Communist Government
-- lice a good many other governments -- W111 be faithful to the
letter and the spirit of a treaty if --
a. the partners are strong and determined enough
to retaliate effectively for violations (the Soviets
observed the non-aggression pact with Japan only as
long as the bulls of the Soviet armed forces was com-
mitted against Hitler);
b. violation would damage the Communists' own
interests (the Chinese Communists pay punctually for
Canadian grain shipments);
c. the language of the treaty is precise enough
to expose violation before the court o word opinion
(the Soviets respected the Berlin air corridors during
the blockade -- the provisions for air access were
technically specific; they violated the Yalta agreement
on free elections in Eastern Europe -- which was vague,
ambiguous and inconclusive).
Charter of the Test Ban Treaty. While the above cited experi-
ences clearly show that smaller and weaker nations should abstain
from even innocuous-look ng trade or cultural agreements, the recent
test ban treaty does n o t involve such risks:
a. The US is capable of retaliating for violations.
b. Soviet violation is against the regime's own
interests. If the Soviet Government would not have
needed the agreement so badly (to prove the merits of
Khrushchev's policy of "peaceful coexistence"; to
reduce defense costs in order to overcome agricultural
and consumer goods bottlenecks; to allay the war fears
of the Soviet population; and to improve the CPSU's
posture against the Chinese), they would not have signed
it so hurriedly, after years of procrastination. Vio-
lation would lead to the resumption of nuclear tests
and be blamed on Moscow.
c. The simple text of the agreement leaves little
space for dangerous equivocation or evasion.
Similar yardsticks will have to be applied to any future agreements
with Communist governments, too.
Is this the End of the Cold War? The conflict between Commun:bt
and non-Communist nations w c as unfolded since the end of World
War Two, basically caused by the intent of the Communists to expand
their dictatorial rule all over the world, is commonly referred to
as the "Cold War." This conflict is n o t resolved or significantly
2
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 (635 Cont.) 12 August '.963
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reduced by a nuclear test ban or even by a whole series of agree-
ments on non-aggression, prevention of surprise attacks and disarma-
ment or arms control. Such agreements merely improve the chance
that the cold war will be decided by means short of general war
(obviously a most desirable objective), but they do not affect all
the other characteristics of the cold war, such as Communist subver-
sion, insurrection, penetration into non-Communist governments'
non-governmen a organizes ions, and so forth. quite apart from
continued violence in areas over which Moscow has apparently lost
control (South Vietnam, Laos, Korea, possible resumption of Chinese
aggression against India, etc.), it would be unforgivably naive to
assume that even a whole series of "peaceful" agreements, signed by
the Soviet Government, would stop Soviet arms shipments to Cuba,
iugypt, Indonesia etc., the training of thousands of "students" from
all over the world for Communist subversion, sabotage and espionage,
or continued Communist attempts to wet-ten and disrupt free-world
unity, freedom and democratic processes.
"Peaceful Coexistence" Is Class Struggle too. Moscowts current
propagan a line suggests that the policy of peaceful coexistence, as
""applied in the test ban treaty and possibly in other subsequent Bast-
West agreements, is putting an end to the cold war. ddowever, the
statement of 61 Communist Parties, issued in Moscow, November 190-9
(and still one of the principal foundations of Soviet-Communist
policies), proclaims explicitly:
'".peaceful coexistence of states does n o t imply
renunciation of the class struggle, as the rev .-
sion s s cam. The coexistence of states with
different social systems is a fora of class
struggle between socialism and capitalism. In
conditions of peaceful coexistence favorable oppor-
tunities are provided for the development o the
class struggles in the capitalist countries and the
national-liberation movement of the peoples of the
colonial and dependent countries. In their turn,
the successes of the revolutionary class and
national-liberation struggle promote peaceful co-
existence.
. . . ? - . ? ? ? ?
"Peaceful coexistence of countries with different
social systems does n o t mean conciliation of the
socialist and bourgeois eo es. On the contrary,
it implies intensification of the struggle of the
working class, o a e Comnniunist parties, for
the triumph of socialist ideas ...." (underlinings added)
The latest official policy statement issued in Moscow, the
Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU, published on
14 July 1963, voices virtually the same interpretation of peaceful
coexistence:
3
(685. Continued)
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 (635 Cont.) 12 Auguc't 1963
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". . What situation is more propitious to the
revolutionary struggle of the worl:tn class In the
capitalist countries -- the situation of peace and
peaceful coexistence or the situation of permanent
international tension and the cold war?
H. . ? . . Who does not know that the ruling circles
of the imperialist states exploit the situation of
the cold war to whip up chauvinismmm, unbridled war
hysteria, to put in power the most rabid reactionaries
and pro-fascists, to suspend democracy, to do away with
political parties, trade unions and other mass organ-
izations of the working class. The struggle of the
Communists for peace greatly consolidates their ties
with the masses, their authority and influence,
helps to build up what is called the political army
of the reyo ut on.
"The struggle for peace and the peaceful coexistence
of states with different social systeras, far from
delaying, makkes it possible to develop in full mea-
sure the strngc1e for the attain men o the u mate
25X1C10mss ? the int exna Iona working class." un er annng added)
 25X1C10b
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 12 August 1963
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687 a. Trotsky and Chinese Communism
25X1C10b
SACiWROUND: The 14 July CC/C?SU open letter comments on
the a nese charge that the CPSU "comes out in the role of a
helper of imperialism," as follows: "ITo one except Trotsikyists
has yet dared . . . to level such slanderous accusations at the
great party of Lenin!" On 30 July Pravda carried a letter from
243 Old Bolsheviks who compared the nese Communists to Trotsky
and accused them of using Trotsky's tactics as well as his
theories.
Several other Soviet bloc sources have recently published
similar allegations and the Chinese have also been accused of
cwor ing with the Trotskyist Fourth International. This issue is
a difficult one for the Chinese Communists to handle because in
the conflict between Stalin and Trotsky, the China question was
the final and conclusive one which enabled Stalin to obtain
Trotsty',s expulsion from the CPSU Central Committee; it ' was also
an issue on which Stalin, whom the Chinese now defend, was
clearly wrong and Trotsky came probably closer to reality. (See
unclassified attachment for a brief review of the early rela-
tionships between the Soviet and Chinese Communist Parties and
two statements by Trotsky on the China Question of the mid-20's
vantage.) There is no certainty that the course of the Chinese
revolution would have been changed in any significant degree had
the Soviet Party pursued the policy advocated by Trotsky, but
this much is certain: Stalin's policy clearly and cynically put
the Chinese proletariat to the sword and Trotsky must be given
credit at least, in the Chinese eyes, for having opposed that
policy to the extent that he effectively could.
A second aspect the Trotskyist heresy charge that the Chinese
final hard to handle is the fact that they are attacking the Soviet
Union from essentially the same platform that Trotsky attacked
Stalin after he had been expelled from the CPSU and forced into
exile. Trotsky charged that Stalin had betrayed the Revolution,
the workers and the whole world Communist movement; that he had
capitulated to imperialism bectuso he did not have sufficient
faith.in the power of the peoples; that he refused to allow him
(Trotsky) to publicize his point of view in the USSR and to allow
the people to decide for themselves who was right and who was
wrong. The similarity between these charges and those made against
lhrushchev by the Chinese Communists is apparent, and this is not
mere coincidence. Stalin's basic tenet, "Socialism in One Country,"
was built on the idea that Socialism could be built in the USSR
even while capitalist encirclement isolated it as a "Socialist
island in the World Sea." All events and ideas were conceived and,
evaluated in terms of their impact on "Socialism in One Country."
1very Soviet policy and every change in that policy was'designed
to gain time for the building of socialism in the USSR, even if
that meant sacrificing part or even all of the world Communist
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(687. Continued)
 25X1C10b
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Trotsky's basic premise, on the other hand, was "Permanent
Revolution." Revolutions, he said, would continue to break out
in various areas one after the other and the primary function of
the Communist International and the USSR. was not only to support
and abet those, revolutions, but even to foment them. Again, the
similarity between the Chinese Communist position and the view-
point of Trotsky is apparent. There are many other ways in which
the Chinese position parallels "The ul -1eftist Heresy" of
Trotsky including such radical undertakings as the Great Leap
'onward and the Coy munes.
2
(687. )
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 12 August 1933
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606. United Nations: Critical Issues in the lath General Assembly.
25X1C1Ob
BACKGROUND: Secretary-General U Thant has issued the provi-
siona'l agen or the 18th regular session of the United Nations
General Assembly (UNGA) convening in New Yore on September 17, 1933
Included in its 777iteaas are topics which have been hotly debated
in several recent conferences and meetings around the world as well
as in the special summer session of the UINGA and the current Security
Council (SC) meetings. While this agenda includes a few new sub-
stantive issues -- and more are likely to be raised --, the majority
are well known issues previously discussed in UN bodies. As the
session convenes, however, a new atmosphere, partly to be determined
by the results of the summer's deliberations, will prevail; many of
the basic principles of the organization will be at stake and its
ability to resolve conflicting interests through peaceful, orderly
procedures will be seriously tested.
General Assembly authority and the peacekeeping function. The
speci a1 -session of the UNUti s summer me to discuss the budget
report of its Fifth Cormaittee and successfully hammered out a formula
Of assessments to finance the peacekeeping missions in the Middle
East and the Congo through the balance of 1963. But this was only a
partial and temporary solution to a major political problem affect-
ing the integrity of the UN, namely, acceptance by all members of
responsibility for international action. Many nations have still
not paid their assessments for one or both operations, either becausE
of financial difficulties or because they feel that certain self-
interests are threatened by the precedent of UN action in these
cases. The most extrerae resistance to UN authority is expressed by
the Soviet Union: the USSR is determined that the SC, where it has
a veto, and not the GA, shall control peacekeeping functions.
A showdown was barely prevented In the Security Council this
summer over the critical issue of sending an observer team to Ye-men.
A formula was found which avoided use of UN funds and thus the matter
of SC financial authority -- the USSR abstaining from the affirmativ(
vote. But, since the action taken was of limited nature, the basic
problem may well break into the coring:.EGA session over Yemen.
The UN for many years has acted successfully in situations
which call for "action with respect to threat to the peace, breaches
of the peace, and acts of aggression" (Chapter VII of the Charter),
for example in the Par East (Korea, Vietnam), Africa (Congo), and
the Middle East (Gaza strip between Egypt and Israel, Yemen), among
others. The UN must retain its ability to act in similar situations
with full membership participation. jee BPG #114 item 647
"Financial Crisis Endangers UN Peacekeeping Operations."7 Several
specific items on the provisional agenda pertain to the question of
financing such operations and GA authority over them.
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 (606 Cont.) 12 August 1053
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Loss of GA Vote under Article 19. 1caiti avoided having Article
19 invoke By a last- omen paymen of arrears this summer. France
and the USSR will, unless they reduce their debt to the U14, be in a
position where loss of vote under Article 19 will be applicable. The
US and others interpret the Article to be automatic in application;
but the USSR, also with some support, insists that a vote of the GA
is required to declare a member to be in two-years' arrears -- the
condition which brings about loss of voting rights in the GA.
It is in the interest of the less developed countries (LUC) to
maintain as much authority as possible in the Assembly where their
influence can be felt (African nations control 33 of the 111 votes
in the GA in contrast to the minority status of a combined C vote
in any of the other bodies). But many of them appear reluctant to
assume responsibility for withdrawing voting rights from a major
power lest they find themselves in a similar predicament at some
later time. Their personal fears should-.be but are not necessarily
quieted by a contingency clause in the Article which reads:
"The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a
Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to
pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member."
If action on Article 19 should become necessary at the forthcoming
session, it would undoubtedly involve the question of GA authority
to assess members for peacekeeping operations.
3qual Representation in UN Organs. Membership on the major UN
bodies -- the , , and the international Court of Justice
(ICJ) -- was determined on the basis of proportion to area member
representation in the UK itself. Zighteen Latin American nations
placed the question of enlarging the membership of these bodies on
the agenda of the 11th session of the GA in 1956. The issue has
been raised repeatedly since that time as the membership continued
to grow, and the African nations will urge its solution at the coming
session. The Soviet Union has consistently opposed the expansion of
these bodies, demanding that Communist China be seated first; the
US has consistently favored it and will support the right of the
newer UN4 members to proper representation.
Self-determination, colonialism and racialism. While attention
will focus In the coming session on the hotly debated, emotion-
ridden conflicts over Portuguese colonies and South African racial-
ism, their basic problems are integral parts of many other self-
determination issues which will be raised over, for example, South-
West Africa, Southern Rhodesia, perhaps Nest Irian, Malaysia and
;many of the non-self-governing territories. A turning point for
many nations and particularly the LUC, may well be reached in their
confidence in, and willingness to submit their problems to, UN
procedures and principles.
African nations have acted precipitously in several internation-
al and UN meetings this summer, seeking to solve their problems by
mandatory acts and expulsion of member nations with *hose policies
they disagree. The influence of moderate African leaders with
emotionally nationalistic colleagues who prefer drastic, radical
acts D1c v l riot F easetWMOBM b?iAeRDP78-03061 A000200020007-2
(686. Continued)
 (336 Cont.) 12 August 1913
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For their part, the restern nations most seriously concerned
in these problems must accept the strong force of change for self-
determination in Africa and elsewhere; they must seek new forms of
political relations which will satisfy the national aspirations of
the C while forging new ties which rill promote their own economic
interests. There are many solutions to these problems such as those
the US has found in the Philippines, Hawaii and Puerto Rico, as
France was forced to discover in Algeria and evolved in the Common-1
wealth relationship of the French Coamaaunity, and as England has
demonstrated in one for-,ter colony after another. Portugal, with
regard to Angola, MozaLnbique and Portuguese Guinea, and others,
eventually will have to accept some one of these roads to self-
determ:iination.
South Africa continues to be intransigent in the refusal of
the government to discuss any of its problems and in its boycott
of UIT meetings. The US expressed its unequivocal support for self-
determination of African peoples in joining the 9-0 Security Council
vote on 7 August for a total arms embargo against the Republic of
South Africa, Ambassador Yost spoke strongly against the racial
discri:.aiination which caused the arms embargo, closing his August 7
speech by urging the South African Government to abandon its
"indefensible and dangerous racial policy."
A previous session of the GA declared the situations in South
Africa and in the ?Portuguese colony to be "a threat to the peace."
Free y''orld interests are served through the overriding formula of
moderation -- by prolonging the period of dialogue, persuasion and
pressure as long as possible, and by providing voluntary sanctions
by member nations under Article VI. The specter of serious politi-
cal and economic consequences will, in the long run, aid in solving
problems through negotiation. In this same context, increasing
African attitudes of racial discrimination in reverse, that is of
blacis against whites in pursuit of national aspirations, can best
be treated by similar persuasion and pressures.
International peace and disarmament questions. The tripartite
test ban treaty will undoubtedly se a frame of reference for
renewed discussions on disarmament and abolishment of nuclear war-
fare. Without doubt the Soviet Bloc will continue the cold war in
one manner or another; it will use every occasion as a propaganda
platform to propose appealing but generalized resolutions without
effective implementation. Although denuclearized zones is on the
agenda specifically only with respect to Latin America (and this
will raise questions about Cuba as well as the Panama canal zone),
there is every reason to believe that some member, if not the USS,
will raise it with regard to the Mediterranean, and perhaps also
Africa. Some eight items are already on the provisional agenda
crith regard to every aspect of disarmament, atomic power, and
banning nuclear warfare.
Noticeable by their absence from the provisional agenda are
any items on membership or the Chinese .: eon e s Republic VJ ich
in the past has always been tied with the Soviet Union's attempt
to evict Nationalist China), Hungary, Tibet and Berlin. The Soviet
3
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representatives have said that they will not raise the TROIKA pro-
posal (three member Secretary-Generalship) -- at this time. One or
pore of these issues could and probably will be added a er, or
raised in discussion on some items already on the agenda. Mongolia
has placed "The policy of genocide carried out by the Government of
the. republic of Iraq against the Kurdish People" (item #75) on the
agenda. It is possible that Arab reaction against Communists for
25X1 C 10this attack .may cause the USSR to have it removed.
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 %ESP 12 August 19 33
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25X1 C 163 AF, 77114.a. Communists and Race Conflicts
DACICCROUND: Although on several occasions in the recent Past
the U3152 has alluded to Chinese racism (speaking of those who would
replace class contradictions with contradictions of nationality,
color or geography), the 14 July CPSU letter accuses the Chinese
for the first time directly and publicly of racism: "The leader
of the Chinese delegation /to the Moshi, Tanganyika Conference7
told the Soviet repre:enta''ives, 'Whites have nothing to do here."'
Also, at the Djakarta journalist's conference, the Chinese stated
explicitly: "the Soviet Union is not an Asian country."
Attempts to classify human beings according to race are com-
plicated by the fact that everyone (including the professional
ethnologist) has his own criteria. As used in popular speech the
term race usually includes in addition to ethnic origin such varied
characteristics as color, physical type, nationality, culture or
any co_ibiuation of these. UNESCO recognizes three basic human
divisions: Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Negroid. Since man seems to
have an innate ambivalence toward his fellow human (particularly
if the latter happens to differ from himself in feature, color,
lan,Sua;e, or even eating habits), prejudice and discrimination have
been concomitants of human society and human intercourse since time
i i uemorial. Discrimination has only too often been used to ration-
alize aggression, colonialization and exploitation. The ancient
Creels referred to non-Greeks as "barbaroi" (foreigners), in a
definitely prejudicial sense; and the Spanish conquistadores ration-
alized their maltreatment of the American natives with the theory
that Indians, being of an entirely different origin than Spaniards,
were not human in the same sense and therefore did not need to be
treated as a fellow Spaniard.
In our era, the West has borne the brunt of the reaction to
"racial discrimination." However, the West did not invent race
prejudice; many other societies (including Vedic India and Confucian
China) had known it long before and had no thought of eliminating
it. /ee BPG #117 Item 664 "American Struggle For Negro Equality.7
In the modern era, however, the West has been the dynamic, active
element while the non-West has been acted upon and has 're-acted'
to Western stimuli,, During this period, Africans and Asians
reacted not only to Western domination per se but particularly to
the racial discrimination involved. The non-West in general made
a very natural identification of West -- affluent -- white --
omnipotent, as opposed to themselves as weak -- colored and exploftc
For ancient civilizations like China and India, the young aggres-
sive ,last was particularly intolerable. The phenomenon of discrim-
ination, old in origin and ubiquitous in practice, thus came to be
identified in the modern era almost exclusively with one ethnic
division, the Caucasoid, and with one geographic division, Western
Europe (and subsequently the United States),
(688. Continued)
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While Marxist doctrine stresses the identity of interests 0-
the worker as transcending nation, color or creed, Soviet Marxists
have exploited racial tensions in non-Communist countries to further
alienate and embitter minority groups in the hope of increasing
their own haul from these troubled waters. This tactic has become
so ingrained that one could easily conclude that the masters of
Soviet Russia have been more concerned with advancing their own
national interests by ascerbating racial problems than in further-
ing the original Marxist goal of the international brotherhood of
wox ers. ,This Is the charge which they level at the CCP when they
say the CHninese have "other goals which have nothing in common with.
revolution."7 It is a fundamental tenet of Marxism that basic
contradictions in a given society result from class differences and
not from differences of race, nation or culture. As we know from
the 14 July letter, which accuses the Chinese of substituting racial
struggle for class struggle, as well as-from a number of other
recent pronouncements (see Bi-Weekly Propaganda Guidance item 659
entitled "Race Motive in Chinese Foreign Policy"), the Soviet Union
has had cause to remind their former Chinese allies of these facts
more frequently of late.
The Chinese Communists, in their attempt to replace the USSR
as the supporter and defender of the underdeveloped, are increasin .
basing their appeal on underdeveloped vs. overdeveloped, East vs.
West and colored vs. white. The confluence of this Chinese propa-
ganda line with the genuine, if obsolescent resentment of the former
colonial nations at what they consider to be a unique example of
discrimination calls up the specter of a world divided along lines
of geography, race and color, divisions which are undoubtedly more
closely related to recent history and therefore potentially far
snore : plosive than the more artificial class divisions. In fact,
however, the Chinese record on racism is worse if anything than
that of other modern societies. The Han Chinese have traditionally
regarded with scorn other ethnic groups whether in greater China,
in Asia generally or even in Europe and Africa. The Mongolians,
for example, have long been concerned over Chinese attitudes of
aggressive superiority as have the North Vietnamese. A spate of
recent reports indicate that the Chinese have not changed despite
the equalitarianism and internationalism of the Communist doctrine
they purport to have adopted. Students from Africa and Latin
America studying in China complain that they are looked down upon,
separated from their hosts and prevented from making friends with
them, that they are constantly subjected to Chinese surveillance
and propaganda. There are also credible reports to the effect that
street fights have recently broken out between Chinese and African
students and that many of the latter have gone home in disgust.
Although in talking to the non-aligned nations, the Chinese
will stress the ultimate triumph of the underdeveloped, exploited
colored races of the world over the "over-developed," "exploiting"
white, we know that in the final analysis when they spoa!r of the
past wind prevailing over the West wind, they really mean the
millenial victory of the Han Chinese over the rest of the world.
2
(633. Continued)
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 .(633 Cont.) 12 August 1963
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Id ntification "solidarity") on the basis of race and
geography is the main weapon used by China in its concerted drive
to wrest control of international front organizations from the
CP~SU. The Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organizations (AAPSO),
with its network of sub-organizations and conferences for writers,
workers, journalists and similar groups, is the CCIP's chosen
instrument for competing wit h the whole range of Soviet interna=tional fronts. Ironically, it was the Soviet Union which originally
recognized the potential of the AAPSO, tried to link it, falsely,
with the Bandung Conference, and competed with several neutral
leaders, espetially Nasser, for influence over it. During the
last several years the CC? has increasingly challenged the Soviet
Union's right to membership in AAPSO conferences and more recently
has blatantly used racist arguments to effect their exclusion.
More serious, for Soviet -worldwide influence, is the CCP attempt
first to wean Afro-Asian organizations and groups away from Soviet-
controlled international fronts, and second to sever ties between
AAPSO member groups and Soviet fronts. Representatives of Soviet-
controlled international fronts have not been welcomed at AAPSO
gatherings, and Soviet offers to establish formal links between
counterpart groups (e.g. the Afro-Asian journalists and the
International Organization of Journalists) have been rejected.
The Soviet Union, while condemning the Chinese Communists for
undermining the class struggle by the interjection of racial
divisions, has itself been guilty of discriminatory practices.
Domestically it has long discriminated against the Jews, attacking
them for their religious practices and persecuting them for their
economic, social and political activities. In dealing with foreign
nationals, the Soviet Union and Bloc countries have established
a new record for discrimination against Africans. Evidence has
mounted of the Soviet bloc segregation, huomili ion, and harsh
physical treatment meted out to these students. African students
in Bloc countries, individually and in groups, and their govern-
ments have violently protested the intolerable conditions to which
they are subjected /See PROP NO1 18 (B) of 29 May 1963 "Foreign
Students in Communist Countries." Copies available?
 25X1C10b
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25X1C 10b689. '"',g Pakistan on the Tiger's Back
BACKGROUND: During 1963 Pakistan, disturbed by India's grow-
ing military strength, chose to modify the exclusiveness of her
thirteen-year alliance with the West, seeking closer relations
with Communist China. Pakistan's apparent goals are two: pressure
the Western powers into either reducing military aid to India or
increasing such aid to Pakistan; strengthen her own international
position by playing both sides of the cold war.
President Ayub, a former General, and the top military leaders
of Pakistan have exhibited growing frustration over their inability
to halt the arming of India following the Chinese attack of October
1962. Claiming that the US--UK agreements to supply arms aid to
her traditional enemy have upset the delicate balance of power
in the subcontinent, Pakistan is turning to India's enemy in a
calculated effort to redress the balance. Concurrently, Pakistan
asserts that India and the other nations which remained aloof
from commitment to the fight against communism have fared better
at Western hands than those who allied themselves unreservedly
with the U.S.
Although many Pakistanis may recognize the long-range danger
of communism and its total incompatibility with their own beliefs
and traditions, this rational understanding is often outweighed
by their emotional reaction to everything Indian.
Pakistani-Indian Enmity. The primary motivating force of
political life in Moslem Pakistan is fear and hatred of Hindu
India, the giant neighbor from whom she was separated in 1947 in
an internecine blood bath which followed Great Britain's departure
from the subcontinent. This intensely emotional attitude, the
result of several centuries of conquest, strife and discrimination,
is the guiding fact of all foreign relations and the sine qua non
of domestic political qualifkations. Disputed Kashmir-"is the con-
crete evidence as well as the symbolic reminder of their differ-
ences. No amount of US-UK prodding and encouragement of either
Pakistan or India has produced progress toward settlement despite
repeated talks on the problem. Pakistan believes that Western
aid to India should be prodicatod on India's coming to terms on
Kashmir. (Copies of BPG #112, Item 639, "The Kashmir Question,"
are available on request).
Because they always see India as the villain, the Pakistanis
fail to take an objective look at Chinese expansionist moves,,
not only the military incursion across Indian border areaz and
throughout Tibet but the subversive efforts in Nepal. They prefer
to believe that the Chinese pjc3 no further threat to India and
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(689. Cont) 12 August 1963
therefore any US-UK military assistance to India beyond the Nassau
agreements is not only unnecessary but positively hostile. Since
Pakistan believes that Indian arms will inevitably be used against
Pakistan, guarantees that US weapons would not be so used, have
little weight.
Pakistan and the West. Pakistan has regional defense agree-
ments wi h urtey, mutual defense agreements with the US and has
been a supporter of NATO policies. She is a member of both SEATO,
the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, and CWTO, Central Treaty
Organization; both were formed as protection against Communist
expansion. Her political structure and economic growth have been
stimulated and assisted by Western aid. For the past 10 years
the US alone has granted Pakistan extensive foreign aid ($403
million in grants and credits for 1962 fiscal year) as well as
military assistance.
In her pique over assistance for India, Pakistan seems willing
to imperil her relationship with the U.S. by deliberately drawing
closer to a major enemy of the treaty powers. On January 6th
President Ayub said the future role of Pakistan in CENTO and SEATO
was "quite uncertain." His Foreign Secretary Dehlavi had expressed
similar sentiments earlier in Rome when he said that his country
could .;;Athdraw from the pacts the "day we feel they are of no use."
Pakistan and China. The year 1963 opened with completion of
the first s an- na trade agreement, on January 2nd, and was
followed by Pakistan's acceptance of China's well-timed offer to
come to agreement on their common border. Foreign Minister Bhutto
travelled to Peking to sign the border agreement in January. Their
joint communique reflected both Pakistan's preoccupation with an
Indian threat and China's desire to appear as the peaceful neighbor:
they expressed hope for settlement of the Sino-Indian border
differences by similar negotiations. (For details of Indian and
Chinese positions on the Colombo powers' proposal for negotiations
over the disputed territory, see BPG #115 of 6 May 1963, "Con-
tinuing Chinese Threat of Expansionism"). The settlement was well
received in Pakistan and China's motives went unquestioned, although
it might have been noted that the Chinese move immediately preceded
scheduled India-Pakistan discussions on Kashmir and followed
similar amicable border settlements with other Indian neighbors --
each hailed by the Chinese as evidence of her peaceful intentions
toward her neighbors. A typical comment, from a vernacular paper,
Millat, that the settlement was a "blow to the enemies of Pakistan;
suggests the general press reaction, including the studied in-
difference to the effect of the settlement on the Western friends
of Pakistan.
In June Pakistan announced an air service agreement with
Peking which gives Pakistan landing rights in Canton and Shanghai
in exchange for similar Chinese rights in Karachi and Dacca.
2
(609. Continued)
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The agreement has not yet been signed but Pakistan appears
determined to proceed with it.
Foreign Minister Bhutto has publicly called for closer rela-
tions with China although aware that such moves are contrary to
the policies and interests of Pakistan's Western and Middle Eastern
allies. Rumors that the two countries will sign (or have already
signed in secret) a non-aggression pact were strengthened by
Bhutto's warning to India on July 17th that an attack on Pakistan
would pose a serious threat because "the largest state in Asia"
would help Pakistan. In the same speech he admitted that the West
had agreed to come to Pakistanis assistance in the event of In-
dian aggression but also announced rethinking of Pakistan's foreign
policy.
The Pakistan press, paced by the militantly anti-West daily
Dawn, is increasing its anti-American tirades as it warms to China.
Cordiality toward all things Chinese, from touring sports teams
to diplomatic agreements, is widespread. The position of the
politically powerful military establishment on the new look in
foreign policy is considerably more reserved. East and West
Pakistan, divided by many regional, tribal and economic problems,
but united by their fear and antipathy toward India, generally
agree with the central government's seeking an independent road
25X1C1Ob between East and West.
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 July 1963
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Communist China
The open letter (published in Pravda and broadcast by TASS
in English to Europe on 13 July) fromtie Central Committee of
the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to all party organizations
and all Communists of the Soviet Union, a propaganda piece that
obviously attempts to cast the USSR in the best possible light,
contains the following statement on Soviet support to Communist
China's industrialization:
"...Our country has rendered and is rendering substan-
tial aid to the development of the economy of People's
China. With the assistance of the Soviet Union, People's
China built 193 industrial enterprises, shops and other
projects equipped with up-to-date machinery... Now the
Soviet Union continues rendering technical assistance to
the CPR in the construction of 88 industrial enterprises
and projects..."
As a matter of fact, at the time of the withdrawal of the
Soviet technicians in the summer of 1960, roughly one-half of the
291 Soviet-aid projects scheduled to be built during the period
1950-67 had been completed and the withdrawal of the Soviet teh-
nicians was in effect a cancellation of most Soviet support to the
remaining projects. Shipments of equipment for complete plants
without the technicians to install the equipment would in most
cases be of little use to the Chinese.* The remaining Soviet
technical assistance to China is limited to the supply of technical
information, small amounts of equipment, and the training in the
USSR of Chinese students.
The Soviet statement quoted above does not alter the facts.
The figures 198 and 68 for industrial projects misrepresent the
past and current Soviet support to China's industrial development.
In 1930, the USSR stated that 130 projects had been fully or par-
tially completed by the end of 1959. A Soviet statement on 14 Feb-
ruary 1962 claimed that "...about 170 industrial enterprises and
other units were built and put into operation in the CPR with help
from our motherland...With assistance from the Soviet Union, large
shops and aggregates, turning out finished items, have been put
into operation at 33 Chinese enterprises..." It is probable that
the 198 figure claimed by the USSR, which refers to "industrial
enterprises, shops, and other projects," represents a gross count
similar to the 203 (170 plus 33) in the 14 February 1962 statement.
In 1961, owever, China continued to import equipment for
complete plants amounting to about $80 million. The Soviet open
letter speaks of a reduction of "40 times" in the past three years
in the rate of deliveries of complete plants, a figure that sug-
gests that deliveries of complete plants in 1962 were about $10
million, compared to a peak of $400 million in 1959.
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An extremely rough calculation based on Sovi et data on deliveries
of equipment for complete plants in 1938-31 suggests that an addi-
tional 30 to 43 enterprises may have been at least partially com-
pleted during 1960-31, making the figure of 173 enterprises plausi-
ble.
Because of the withdrawal of Soviet technicians and of the
extremely small amount of Soviet equipment for complete plants
currently being purchased by Communist China, the technical assist-
ance that the USSR claims to be furnishing China in the construc-
tion of 88 industrial projects must be very limited. At the maxi-
mum, this technical assistance must be of the blue print-technical
data type being furnished for a steel plant at Pao-ttou and that
embodied in the Soviet equipment currently received. And, at the
miniuuri, the reference is probably to no more than the mere fact
that the USSR has not formally cancei1e1 the agreements signed in
the period 1953-59.
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 4,4?@9M#M 1A000200020007-2
Approved For Re
When the Chinese Communist Party, consisting of some 83 or 70
loosely organized Communists, democratic socialists and anarchists,
convert its first ?arty Congress In July 1921 and started to build
an organization and formulate a program, the Soviet Communist ?arty
urged it to seek a rapprochement with Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang.
At the time, Sun Yat-sen was eager for an agreement with the Soviet
Union to strengthen his hand against the Western imperialists. His
price was that the Communists refrain from open criticism of
Kuomintang (KMT) policy and agree to observe KMT discipline; the
penalty for infractions would bg expulsion of the Communists from
the KMT and annulment of the agreement with the Soviet Union.
These were the circumstances that made the Chinese Communist Party,
in its early days, a pawn between the Soviet Union and the KMT. BY
1924 the Chinese Communists had, against their own wishes, joined
the 0&T as individual members and were working toward its objectives
and submitting to its discipline.
In March 1926 Chiang Kai-shek carried out a coup in Canton and
rAmmediately arrested the army commissars (most]) unists) attached
to his troops and confined his Soviet advisors-,to their quarters.
The Cantonese Branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reacted
sharply, recommended a break with the KMT and asked for permission
to adopt offensive tactics against the KMT. Such a plan, however,
conflicted with Stalin's evaluation of the "historical situation"
and he "convinced" the Cantonese comrades to continue as before,
Chiang Kai-shek barred Communists from high posts in the NUT, banned
criticism of Sun Yat-sen's political philosophy, and demanded that
the CC? Central Committee submit a list of all Communist Party
members who had joined the KMT. Pressured by Stalin'6 Soviet ad-
visors, the Chinese Communists agreed to these terms, Once Chiang
had secured his power in Canton, he apologized to the Soviet advisors
reinstated them, and told the Chinese Communists that the whole
episode had been a regrettable error, staged without his knowledge.-
Stalin continued his policy of supporting Chiang Kai-shek.
the CCP Central committee adopted a resolution
In July 1926
,
demanding that the KHT be transformed into a federated organizations
allowing the Communist Party to regain its independence and some
freedom of action, This resolution lived only until a copy of it
arrived in Moscow where Stalin vetoed it. The resolution was dan-
gerous to Stalin: its demands were almost identical to the charges
that Trotsky was making against Stalin's policies in China; it also
implied that Chiang could not be trusted and that his KMT was domi-
nated by the bourgeoisie,
Chiang carried out a second anti-Communist coup in March 1927,
this time in Shanghai where the workers had rebelled, overthrown
the old administration, and taken control of the city. Once again,.
Chen Tu-hsiu, leader of the Chinese Communists, appealed to Stalin
for permission to disentangle themselves from the KMT. Once again
the request was denied and the Communists gave up their weapons and
surrendered. to Chiang's troops. Three weeks later Chiang ordered a
massacre in which tens of thousands of Communists and workers who
followed &tg m were Blau htered, Little remained of. China's proletar
PWA or egg feb /fifiQ .f ~ 808tAW@2 ? to be
istt`
Russia's interests.
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Lro sky opposed Stalin s policy, particularly after early 1926,
and did what he could to force a policy revision to free the Chinese
Communists from their bondage to the KMT and allow them to prepare
themselves to take a leading role in the Chinese revolution.
Trotsky's position was weakened not only because he was effectively
out of power, but also by the fact that Soviet policy toward the
Chinese revolution had become a symbol of the over-all struggle for
power between Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin could not concede that he
had mistakenly evaluated the situation in China without allowing
Trotsky back into power. The Trotsky opposition's attack on Stalin's
alliance with Chiang Kai-shek only made Stalin defend Chiang more
blindly; and Chiang, aware of the situation, used it to his advan-
tage and to the extreme disadvantage of the Chinese Communist Party.
It is ironical that the Chinese leaders now find themselves the
main defenders of Stalin, the man who cynically sacrificed them in
vain for what he considered Russia's interests and in his own per-
sonal struggle against their defender, Leon Trotsky.
The following quotations are from Leon Trotsky's analysis of
Soviet Russia's China policy as he presented it in two books, The
permanent Revolution, and M' Life.
/from Permanent Revolution, page 30.7 "Under the pretext that
China stood`before a. national revolution, the leading role was allot-
ted to the Chinese bourgeoisie in 1924. The party of the national
bourgeoisie, the Kuomintang, was officially recognized as the lead-
ing party. Not even the Russian Mensheviks went that far in 1905
in relation to the Cadets (the party of the liberal bourgeoisie).
"But the leadership of the Comintern did not stop at this. It
obligated the Chinese Communist Party to go into the Kuomintang and
subordinate itself to its discipline. Through special telegrams of
Stalin, the Chinese Communists were urged to curb the agrarian move-
ment. The mutinous workers and peasants were prohibited from form=
ing their own Soviets in order not to alienate Chiang Kai-shek,whom
Stalin defended against the Oppositionists as a "reliable ally" at
a party meeting in Moscow at the beginning of April 1927, that is,
a few days before the counter-revolutionary coup d' etat in SKaii aL
"The official subjugation of the Communist Party to the bour-
geois leadership and the official prohibition to form Soviets was a
grosser and more crying betrayal of Marxism than all the deeds of
the Mensheviks in the years 1905-1917.
"After April 1927, the Chinese party was ordered to go into the
"Left" Kuomintang and to subordinate itself to the discipline of the
Chinese Kerensky instead of preparing open warfare against him. The
"reliable" Wang Chin-wei crushed the Communist party together with
the workers' and peasants' movement no less criminally than Chiang
Kai-shek , whom Stalin had declared as his reliable ally.
"When the Mensheviks supported Miliukov in 1905 and afterwards,
they nevertheless did not enter the liberal party. When the Men-
sheviks went hand in hand with Kerensky in 1917, they still retained
their own organization. The policy of Stalin in China was a wretcrsrl
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2
 .v,
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~~its inev table fruits had appeared complete decline of
the wormers' and peasants' movements, demoralization and decay of
the Communist party, the leadership of the Comintern gave the com-
mand: "Left about face!" and demanded the immediate armed uprising
of the workers and peasants. In this way, the young, oppressed and
mutilated Communist party, which only yesterday was the fifth wheel
in the wagon of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Chin-wei, and consequently
did not possess the slightest political experience of its own, was
handed the order to lead the workers and peasants whom the Comintern
had held back up to yesterday in the name of the Kuomintang -- in ai:.
ariaed insurrection against the same Kuomintang, which had in the
meanwhile found time to concentrate the power and the army in its
hands. In the course of twenty-four hours a fictitious Soviet was
improvised in Canton. The armed insurrection, timed in advance for
the opening of the Fifteenth Congress of the Communist party of the
Soviet Union, constituted simultaneously an expression of the hero-
ism of the vanguard of the Chinese proletariat as well as of the
crime of the Comintern. Lesser adventures preceded the Canton up-
rising and followed it. That is what the second chapter of the
Chinese strategy of the Comintern looked like, a strategy that can
be characterized as the most malicious caricature of Bolshevism.
.5irom My Life, page 529.7 "The epigones' leadership in China
trampled on all tCie traditions of Bolshevism. The Chinese CommunistE
party was forced against its will to join the bourgeois Kuomintang
party and submit to its military discipline. The creating of
Soviets was forbidden. The Communists were advised to hold the
agrarian revolution in check, and to abstain from arming the workers
without the permission of the bourgeoisie. Long before Chiang Kai-
shek crushed the Shanghai workers and concentrated the power in the
hands of a military clique, we issued warnings that such a conse-
quence was inevitable. Since 1925, I had demanded the withdrawal
of the communists from the Kuomintang. The policy of Stalin and
Bukharin not only prepared for and facilitated the crushing of the
revolution but, with the help of reprisals by the state apparatus,
shielded the counter-revolutionary work of Chiang Kai-shek from our
criticism. In April, 1927, at the party meeting in the Hall of
Columns, Stalin still defended the policy of coalition with Chiang
Kai-shek and called for confidence in him. Five or six days later,
Chiang Kai-shek drowned the Shanghai workers and the Communist party
in blood."
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-03061A000200020007-2
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