OVERSEAS CHINESE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN FOUR SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 30, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: May 26, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 19997MetrA-RDP780-2771R000300330002-8
26 May 1954.
OVERSEAS CHINESE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL vAi:dLITIEs
Thrv75D-R?MITREATrAMITTOMil rEt?
The four Southeast Asian countries of Theiland, Indonesia
Burma and the Philippines have no overaeaa Chinese, educatianal
facilities at the college or university levels. In Thailand
there also are no facilities for overseas Chinese at the middl
school level, because they are banned. JJ
In Indonesia, Burma and the Philippines several middle
schools are run by overseas Chinese for Chinese students. In
none of these countries is there government support for ouch
facilities. The schools usually are run by a Chinese organization
in the community?often a federation of organizations, A chamber
of commerce or the community at large. They are not run directly
by either the Communists or Nationalists as such, however, they
often are operated through organizations politically inclined to
a particular faction. When financial assistance is given, parti-
cularly by Communist organizations, control of the administration
and curriculum of the school is usually in the hands of theesup-
porting organization.
There is little government restriction on curriculum and
administration in these three countries. However, entrance to
government universities requires a matriculation certificate,
and only schools conforming to the established national eurricu-
lum can issue such certificates. Few echeois CAM to conform
to these requirements; therefore overseas Chinese graduatee are.
obliged to travel to another country--Taiwan, mainland China,
United States or, in the near future, the Nanyang University
in Malaya--for advanced education.
Tuition in most Chinese schools is nominal and funds from
tuition rarely even approach the expenses of running the school.
Students often must supply their own texts, although, where such
material is scarce, the texts often are rented from the school
for the school year. The choice of textbooks end the curricu-
lum usually are geared to the political leanings of the groups
running the school. Peiping-approved textbooks and curriculum
are used in schools that are pro-Communist, and their Taiwan
counterparts in pro-Nationalist schools. Decause of the diffi-
culty in obtaining non-Communist textbooks until but two years
ago, many pro-Nationalist school sand the few neutral schools
were forced to use Communist textbooks. Through US support this
shortage has been greatly relieved. y
While a few schools teach In the dialect of Chinese most
prevalent in their area, most use the Ku? Yu or Mandarin, dialect.
At the middle school level almost all. instruction is in Mandarin.
The size-of the schools, in terms of students and faculty, is
difficult to ascertain. Some, particularly those in outlying
areas, are very small in size with less than 50 students. A few
in the larger metropolitan area, such as Djakarta, have several
hundred students. Reports on such statistics are scattered and
often contradictory.
The following characteristics are peculiar to certain countries
Indonesia
In Indonesia a great deal of friction exists between the
local-born Chinese and Chinese who have emigrated from China. The
Approved For Release 1999/08/24 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Approved For Release 1999/088,02771R000300330002-8
'local-born, particularly those whose families have been
there for a few generations, have tended to assimilate
fairly rapidly and few send their children to Chinese
schools, utilizing Indonesianolutch or English language
schools. While many of the children attending such schools
Gpenk rbineLe, few. Ire able tn rE:ad or wrItc it, The
foreign-born, on the other hand, usually cling to their
Chinese culture and send their children to Chinese schools.
Because this foreign-born group has been generally more .
susceptible to Communism than have the local-born, a
majority of the Chinese schools in Indonesia are pro-Commu-
nist. 1/
IMIEPlas
Overseas Chinese students in the Philippines are
faced with the necessity of becaming pnlygleAs if they
want a middle school education. They must learn Mandarin,
since instruction Is usually offered only In that language.
The teaching of Tagalog is required by law. Some subjects
are taught only in English_ And a Filipino law, although
not usually enforced, requires that Spanish also be taught.
Most Chinese schools are divided into two depart-
ments, an English department and a Chinese department, the
former being taught In the morning and the latter in the
afternoon. Many students enroll in both to obtain matri-
culation certificates for Filipino universities. The
curriculum for the English department la established by the
Ministry of Education of the Filipino government; the Chinese
by the Chinese Nationalist Embaasy in Manila- Even schools
which are Communist-controlled or heavily Communist-infil-
trated use the Nationalist curriculum to avoid trouble.
Because .of the dual department system, there Is a certain
amount of duplication In teaching, the same course taught
in both Chinese and English on many occasions.
- 2 -
smaaloomemmmom
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
KEY TO LISTS OF SCHOOLS
- indicates school is Communist-owned and operated,
Communist controlled or GO heavily infiltrated AS
to be virtually A Communist organ.
A C - indicates school is firmly anti-Communist; this
category includes pro-Nationalist schnoln.
Neutral - indicates school stays clear of political struggle,
- indicates either that political leaning of school
is In dnubt, because of conflicttng or doubtful
information, or that no information ts available
concerning its. leanings.
?A-C - indicates infprmation is not certain, but school
is probably anti-Communist,
- indicates school is probbbl;
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Location and Chi ese Name
- 26 May 1954
A. CERSEAS CIT1N7517 MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN BURMA L/
f2212.1sh Name or EquivAlent Poll
Rtngoon
!;hung Cheng Chung Hsueh Hua Ch'iao Nu Chang Chung Cheng Chinese Girls,
(0022-2971-0022-1331-5478-0294-1166-0022)
Chung Hua HsAeh Nsiao Ch1 nee Middle School
..(0022-5478-1331-2699)
Chung Te Chung Hsueh Chong Der High St+r)ol
(1504-1795-0022-1331)
Fu Chien Nu Tzu Shih Fan Hsueh Hsiao Fukien Glrls1 Normal School
(4395-1696-1166-1311-1597-4636-1331-2699)
Hua Ch?1ao Chung Hsueh
(5478-0294-0022-1331)
Hua Hsia Chung Hsueh
(5478-1115-0022-1221)
Kuo Li Ch*iao Chung Hsueh
(0948-4539-0294-0022-1331)
Nan Yang Chung Hsueh
(0589-3152-0022-1331)
2. Outer Provinces
Bassein
Min Chu Chung Hsueh
(3046-0031-0022-1331)
Kemmendine Burma-Chinese H,S,
Glorious China H,S.
National Independence Overseas Ch1ne6e Middle School
Nan Yang Middle School
al
A-C
AC
Democrat4c 1LS, AC
Locatinn and Chinese Name
Al Kun Chung Hsueh
( (147-0948-0022-1331)
Co -1-.thamo
cv
c)
c)
c) Hua Chung Hcueh Hsian
(5478-0022-1331-2699)
c)
c)
Insein
c)
c)
c) Hua Chiao Hsueh Hsiao
0 (5478-0294-1331-2699)
r?-?
r?-? HIM Ch'iao Chung Hsueh Hsueh Hsiao Overseas Chinese
(5478-0294-002n,-1321-1331-2699)
0
kandalay
" Hua Chi an Yeh Yu Su Chin Chung Hsueh Overseas Chinese Professional Rapid
(5478-0294-2914-7411-6643-6651=0022-1311) Progress HS.
tNi
03
a Moulmein
Ku Yu Chung Hsueh Public High School
(03 1-2589-0022-1331)
u_
Rua Chtiao Chung Hsueh Overseas Chinese Middle School
(5478-0294-0022-1331)
2 0.
0.
215ash Name or Equivalent Poi1til Leaninc
Patrfotn H,S.
ChineeP Mi7P7P School
Overseas Chinese H,S.
A
C
Ptei Pen Chung Hsueh Foster Learning H,S, A-CC
(1014-2609-0022-1331)
Wakema
AC
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
C?
cv
c)
c)
c)
Hua Ch,iao Chung Hsueh Overseas Chinese Middle Stheoi
c) (5478-0294-0022-1331
c)
c)
c) Cheribon, Java
c)
Djakarta Java
L4),cat
rid Chinese Name
Bandung, Java
Bo OVERSEAS CHINESE MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN INDONESIA 1//
lish Name
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
(0022-5478-0022.4331)
Chinese High SchzIsl
26 May 1954
o_ Yin Hi Hua Ch'iao Kung Li Kao Chi Shang Yeh Hsueh Chinese Senior Business School AC
0
(0603-1441-5478-0294-0361-4539-7559-4787-0794-
2814-1311)
6
" Pa Cheng Chung Hsueh (usually called the Pa Chung- Djakarta High School
0721-1004-0022-1331) (Pa is an abbrevia:e for Batavia)
CN1
00
a Pa Hua Hsueh Hsiao Djakarta Chinese High School AC
o) (0721-5478-1331-2690
o)
o)
%-
r.
Kumpung Baru, Sumatra
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
Chinese High School
..71) (0022-5478-0022-1331)
(1L:
Lampong Telok Betung, Sumatra
u_
Hua Lien Chung Hsueh Chinese Union Middle School
(5478-5114-0022-1331)
L_
o_
o_ Madiun, Java
Lien Chung Chung Hsueh United Chinese Middle Szhf),7,1
(5114=0022-0022-1331)
- 6 -
`mr.F.A.mi????????
Approved For Release 1999/08/24
C?
Cs!
Hua 'rung Chung Hui
5478-.4920-0022-2585)
Su Tung Chune Hsiao
(50161,90022-,=2699)
Hua Ying Chung Hsueh
OC (5478-5391-0022-1331)
AN Pontianak, Borneo
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
(0022-5478-0022-1331)
C)
OC
4k
;',14..Ati,tn and Chinese Name
Medan, Sum4tra
()
"
Samarindas Borneo
Cs!
CO
CY)
vm Semarang, Java
Chen Chiang Chung Hsueh
(2182-1730-0022-1331)
Ta Hua Chung Hsueh
(1129-5478-00224331)
TE
\ Chung Kuo Chung Hzueh
U-
(0022-0948-0022-1331)
-a
Suraba1.11, Java
2
o_ Lien Ho Chung Hsueh
o_ (5114-0678-0022-1331)
ct
Hua Ch'iao Chung Hsiao Hsueh
(5478-0294-0022-1420-1331)
Overseas Chinese Association Middle Zchool
Samatra Et Cot Middle Sethool
ChinA3e-Engl17-111 Middle School
(Catholic Sehool
Chinese Middle School
Stimulate Strength Middle School
Greater China Middle School
Overseas Chinese Middle and Primary School
China Middle School
AC
A-C
Union Middle School A-C
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Lc.tin and Chinese Name
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
(002-5478-0022-1331)
Min Kuang Chung Hsueh
(3046-03/12-00-1311)
Hsin Hua Chung Hsueh
(2450-547S-0022-1331)
Chia o Chung Chung Hsueh
(0294-5883-0022-1331)
Fu Wu Chung Hsueh
(2591-0523-0022-1331)
Tandjonm Priok, Java
Chung Hua Chung Hsiao
(0022-5478-0022-2699)
wiLleFFMP
English Name
Chinose Middle Stho1
Light e.if the People Mlddle
Nfn, China Middle School
er3eAs MaJses Middle SchotA.
Obey Duty Middle Schol
Chinese Middle School
Polltital Leanings
Neutral
A-C
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Teti-i^n av%ei rwrpoe Name
Manlla*
Chung Shan Chung Hsueh
(CO22-1472-0022-1331)
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
(0022-5478-0022-1331)
Tan Hain Chung Hsueh
(0030-1800-00224331)
Chien Kuo Chung Hsueh
(1696-0948-0022-1331)
Hua Ch 1a Chung Hsueh
(5478r0294-0022-1331)
Nan Yang Chung Hsueh
(0589-3152-0022-1331)
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
C OVERSEAS CHINESE MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES 9
tr, lish Name or Equivalemt
26 May 1954
Politieal Leanings
Sun Yat Sen Middle School ?AC
Chinese High School*
18.3
Red Heart Middle School .?C
Rebuild China Middle School
Overseas Chinese Middle School
South Seas Middle School
Chiang Kai Shek High School
Chinese Union High School
Philippine Chinese High School
Westminister High School
First Chinese Girls High School
AC
cause nese names are no avi a or A SC oo i. Is Con ains some duplicasi.ons,
- 9 -
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Location and Chinese Name
3.0
Bicol
Cebu
Cliie Sit IMP
Davao
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
(0022-5478-0022-1331)
Iloilo
Hua Shang Haueh Hsiao
(5478-0794-1331-2699)
**Chung Cheng Chung Hsueh
(CO22-2973-0022-1331)
* *
Sariaya, Quizon
pua Dhliao Chung Hsueh
t5478-0294-0022-1331)
Zamboanga
Chung Hua Chung Hsueh
(0022-5478-0022-1331)
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8
Political Leanings
7*-77rHEFTEUFg-Cheng is Chiang Kai Shek.s rea
these two schools are actually the same.
Grace Christian School
Bicol Chinese Middle School
Chinese South Island High School
Chinese Middle School
Chinese Commercial S hool
Ory JOY a= alb
Chiang Kai Shek Middle School
Sun Yat Sen Middle School
Overseas Chinese High School
Chinese Lower Middle S hool
name an? severa se os ve prey cus y use
- 10
Approved For Release 1999/081441091JROP78-02771R000300330002-8
AC
?C
?C
?AC
?C
S possi
Approved For kelease 1999/08 ICI:VA-RDP780/771R000300330002-8
SOURCE REFERENCES
1. George Skinner, The Chinese in Southeast Asia, Cornell
University Presi7?Itfia-a7r55U.
2, Ibid.
3
George Henry Weightman, The Chinese Community in the
Phil ines, MA Thesis, triirver?Woir-Thr-PalTrer-Cess,
an a, 2.
6. Ibid.
7.
8.
25X1A8a
25X1A8a
9. Weightman? op., cit.;
25X1A2g
25X1A2g
- 11 -
Approved For. Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771R000300330002-8