TAIWANESE INDEPENDENCE AND NATIONALISTIC MOVEMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-02771R000300230002-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 30, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Content Type: REPORT

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far:, ItahiSztiMAPt:;117.5.
A.Poreticird DATE
AM DR 70.2
NM REVIEW DATE:
056364
MASS. "Ancn ICREYIEWERI-
0 DECLASSIFIED
NO CHANGE LE CL4CS.
:iVrine the Japanese oecupatirit,of Taiwan.. eth 'sated for
fl ty refire fr.= 11:',X, to 15443, the. nationalistic timeots
of the Talwanes-3 ftrur4 frequent, if unsacestesfuls expreseion
in various political tovements. Bowe-per, there was singularly
little political activity ehostz goal was Talwaneis independence.
in the wiliest yea of th* Jcpuoese occupation, dissident
Taiwanese sentiment he at its objective the removal of Japanese
overlordahip? but the alterustirv to Japanese rule was envisaaef
42 a Tais6unesil., government un4we aim's, suzerainty, not a
Taiwanese government Indeper4ent both of Japan and China. Afte
1910 Taiatans4e dissident growz formulated their protramss not
around the idea or lannine bock Ta14sn true the garmintss, but
rather around the ides of ahtsininr mare literal trcattlent tor
Tei?tan froze, the Japanam* authiiritiers and equitable representation
in the Taiwan Ooverument-OsniLrel. During the entire period et
Japaneee rule, Taiimnests political movaseste were under the
close ohservatit-n and *fttrol or th* Juan*** authoritie*
whose reoreezie recourse res4ltd in the diseolution or 111
diGaident organisations.
Fox ebo4t12 y4ars after the Japanese gainer" cttiol of
Tal4An in IL196, tbart:. was gtn.Tral resistance against the alien
rule. 11 Thig rea4tance hk,1%4 anamauleid and u1te,am4
*as teeny suppreLsed by the Japanese. ,/ Although there SAillte.
durlfar thego year's Among the zore Intel4 igant Taiwanese the
ck*ire that Tai4an criould return tn the rule of it* !wither e,:untry,
411/ idcoloztcal leaderelin and political organizatio.n
*merged only to.gar6 tht end of ths tlrst deco& of thle century.
E7 1A4, th predosinaa aim of Taiwanese dissident leaders vaz
a Taiwanese government under the Japanese. 10(
Th firet conspicuous organization to enunciate the Talwanas.c-
da Ave for a te.ter status under th* Jepanese was the Taiwan
with current ottiprestoe, tpar* Taiwa7,
hat, teen u in this report In p e of the nevi Porteous
1 ia ar used in an offl Lel Znglisb? translation.
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At*imilationlaniety (76.14(4.n WO. whichsefounde4 by
tha liberal Japanesc atettstian, Co4nt ITAGAXI Tatsukv:. iTAOAK
went to Talven and mnitited the ftpport of Talsisoaet leaders
for hit *witty, the eiv of ,,,h1L-h %as to aealtliatat th*
Taivanese tulth tha Japanus,? V* Japanese authorltivt fearir
the effect *f ITItgAtl't plar tpal th* industrial urt vf na,
Ara,!. sere elan tearful that IA might. foster si tomuunleinE waft-
went, and co ordered the aotittj 1, distolvv in Pvbraary
2915.
Taiwanest students in schools in Japan .404 be.amk 'Mt
svogiL "Alltant promotero ;I' a Taltvsnese goverment under Japan.
The first orzanisatton of many to be formed by these etudent4
*44 the Taivan Young Pen's AlselslAnlori. (alto callt-d thR Takalta
Yar711; )ents Amoaciation), Alth t-atablishee in Tolw in
191$. Th16 trou adv*tAti mate: freedom for thc people of
TaUar.. 1')-1, another Tall'anea-t- student crow, it Tokyo,
*ailed ttu 4nlie4entent r.at1i (ilelhatau Xa1), vent fUrthe.P
in Itia demandn? Item! .11,z4 tor mfornatton of tam Japanwat
sOcinistration 1.44 Tai-?ao, sepeol*Ily the abolltioti of the
Iloverm,r-Generalla p->uer of emactiag vbatever laws ht tonsidyr
ill4,4esatry for the adR,tnlatratiar, of Taiwan.. Tha evuipty 164/,
diebanet4 in 1)19. jr/ LI YO-parg, uarttise propagandist in
CrhunEking, and himsolf a forv4r student revOlutiOnar Warm!
to th4 toundinc or the rnlipterment aaeisty as th YtII f
the foundation of the imiependonte sotto-sat in Tal*an.
In Janustry MO a 64-cocas-or ttl the attliehtement 4ociety,
feoplela Cain rtA Lai), vas funda4 in Tokyo,.
Inzpiro,; by the activitit *t the A.na. Vein tn Ireland, the-
.2,o,ciety
8tid tCU'Vt 1:',24M1.4X1 tt,t JapanetT urovrnment
to obtairt., a coarrt41 for Taltan, are for Mit purpa,4e estaL-
Ileheev for Oltalnlne a Taiwanese tomerveR (Tat*en
ClUai Kietzi Zotrel Nat). In the orine of 1921. the League pro-
iknt*?1.1 it4, first petition tot v .1aiwansee Conpvez to the
Japanozm
'1 t4 Tt4.1 Diet turrg,,I ti.o?,n the Lomeaueta rRQuest. aml
4orttlue4 Co 045 annually until ling whwin th,- Lear...a sots
tt.fly J/ The ifc.s Footle's Zotiety had
tYthLitAk744' Youth,4Lvas ailawo
pubIatattrrocr---tR7-77;elety 14Lit dieban,&d in 1920. 10
LAtr, varloq fiRtmortta or tht-I PlemAlets Lvt:ivt7 tstish
twt. omanizatioz of varying polttitel eolor.
ttit- aoat inportart offsh.00t 3f the defamt tic& PeOp104
fioziety .afir tbe Taiwan Cultural Astutation (TaiwAn Lanka gal),
fwnilo, in Talwar, in 0,7!!tober1)21.ipa( It* tound4r4 vore
Enien-t'asg, !et-.bo Anti CITA: .4 Th? Associ-
ationke chiTsr et-pnttria was with illprovint tho urn). Uvel
Errr FT
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the Taiwanese, .11/ tut it aliv 4ac active in sgricultural cow
oporativec. It prto4nted several netittonz to the Japanese
euthOrities for representative government for the Taiwanese.
illsn one of these petitioaP%, it 1!%23, wee suppressed 41 the
polio* 811 rebellious, three? of the. Aseselationls petitioners
?went to Tokyo, Ozer* the polies allowed them to fooand a magas
in which to advocate ant defent theiv ideal. At th., end of
1923 the three petitioners retarne4 to Taiwan, *here they wort
subsequently ArresteC. Other arrests number-int li,) took place
darinr, 1 *a the Japanese authorities were forced to eheot
the continu development of the representative comment
movement.
tte dlc of the Limo:, q-n-tAmtles.
in fvo tte vict*ry of democratic for
e ft aet the social and latar atorairocttli
t 00re toleraint attitude or the part of
Taiwam*e nettonalizAlo activities began to be evident.
official policy he.11 been typified by gpparent toleran
it ehoostz to call Pdasoetous thomchts" because thU
emouragez the "44peo1oue thinkers' 0 earw int* the
re they may be orit vaelly controlled. In 1924 the
of TalAianle tarwers* orgeDitatio141 vas allow:re to bt:
/Leong the plantation larigars of a sugar eorporatior.
el-dote:nee ws0 tolerate4 for 10 months, until the eouPsnY
refusal of the- vorker4* denunds resulted la an armee clash*
Ir the Tsluen Farmers UtIoa (Tatman *min tuftial) was
e by farmers diasatiuflat with official evicultwal
. It made coataet vitt thoe "%Pen Labor-Parser ?arty
.odo Nomin To) at4 th* Japan Ammer** Ontoc (Nippon
tat), both of 1.ih.V.f.t sant representatives to Tal%an
71IK vaa alloweA to coutinu until 1931
. tho japamee autharittet disso1ve4 it ao beinc
al&rtc, ComuelAzt lints. At itt hott!ht? Utioc
Ad 23 raneb oftlAies thra;4irceat A umn? tour provintial coo-
r,itteec and 24t000 me-fAbcra.
or libera
ru
itr
apan? and a
autharttie..7.
In the latter part ofttn ttken-twentit
in th4ir date:0 two ?the 1.1/tartan Orea
eas *lone sometihat &orit, Marxist lines
of Lt or UnioTiv TAlver Eoyual Rennet
And 10,14), a member-star, *V C,000, **aori
Yet-mm*2- rhrei: 'Principles; ae itt basic pollx
he Japenea authorities with the Communist ro
Federation was then suppresited, ita awribl-ra cont
reatee ,,Ath suspicion ant vioUnte ay long az Vic
io Tdivab. C11**17 constateu with the Federation
n Proletarian Youth (Taiwan Maeart .5e1nan Kai)
Marglet natozre c*usofd its early dteeelution,
-thoritter
ations
al-wan Pedere
coeprisinc 29
tt
Toler
of 19 1,
to
011r5c
th(
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i;arly In 1..,471, the Yon-soca Cultural Aeso4:1ation (founded
in /;e21) utirih had col-marmot itself largely uith improvt3annt
of the peopleug culture, uss di 1v by Ult. Japensz.t
tho anti-covernyent avoectas of ita mor radical cambers.
The Association perairted In the form of variouc successor
itatioria, ma,st ipportant being a nett Cultural Asetoetati
ctitt.anktourared tbe foumillt of rarmt:ine an4 uorter0 organ
tatione. Tuo of the.- grourm katich it spowort worc tt2 Trel
4orker0 Seiler Association are' tbe Taiwan Mechanic0 Union.
In acication, the nee- i;ultural Association encoaragscl tbc uni
ft/cation of &mall mertbanto. T* achieve its evlturai at,
it also established a tocial riesearch Association. Theae
grams 'sp.-pi:arse too conaervutivc t* some of it wre radieal
atud*nt rftubera? Aro ergahlts thg: laiwao Political teforma,. on
AZ_a0ciattilqi (1140, C411*4 the Talaansao Peopiel gmentivatiot
Arsociation) la Ha 1927. radic41 character Of this skii,
grmlp led to it C asolutIon by the authorities in Juno-
In October 1527 the Tainam Lemocratit tarty (Taiwan Ulna
To), also Imo-4m as the Taiwan ilectial Democratic Party or the
Talonn PeIpte'g rartY. -gas established, CoMPrilled ia part *
remberc of tN Octunct Taiwan Political Reformation Aseostat on.
this new party We4 regarded bT the Japanese authorities ac t ,
only orgenixation In the history of their rule of Tail= to
possews the organisation, to and ideology of a true politi
Party. In place of racial slogans which would only have 1st: to
Official ouppression the TiAealin Democratic Party adopted a
eorxreta plattom. its namhership wet drawn from all
of lift, and amonztti leader% were professional and Inteinft
men who bad attendee collage In the Uhited States. Mese
leadtra wre continually act?ive through the years tn workins
for soro degrak of ecit-govrtme;11 arid tor abolition -zt thc,
ew.it atuass conntte1 Niit Japanoce rule. In Pabruanti- 1)31
a zumral cwetinz of th,. ,Irtr twld at ttm
ning.point proztorA *ex Oiscauled:
1. Politial froodoL tor tam lab, rare, and proUttior,
of thc proletariat ens:: ozbers oppreasee by sumwsr:v
actioa of the Oovernment---Geteral.
Protection of the rAr.:.,1c at large trz,: unfair 1.birL;.-
tiot In whirh they havy4 repreoentation, gtDs.fr
opweselve official attion-A-.
OPP0aition to the abaolute and despotic rule of the
Governor-General, responsible t4 no one in
th4., island. n.t.? the average lenoth of tenure in
miimg4Wai1i-46mmmw
,
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--SBE-?414???????-
office berm WO rbars arit
rt a tine to steer looal Dretledeeb
ined sarry it Into queen-U*10
the aubotion if th? littribm caaseti
in the Pealkle
feoplefa rigtte for both moo aws 18swam
6. bigirevagsent of the tax trete*.
Y. rehlhitiso or WAR =Oda'
8. Abolitloe at the it mom**
9.Vtilous social improvements.
eloasly had strongly f govermehot
Oohs Rebelitos of the sbLi In 1930
the reset* of ene.repreeentattn gpvertment.
shod a pamphlet tut reasive lend policIvs
With regard to the op VA *10111tiOns it bad
aside fro* the ftet at government monopoly.
*mutton And our, had hews Jugged to hide tItft-
slog et Of the opium habit* sod *Overawe% profits
onornoaely. Parthenon* the Part/ ba4 .10112
to the League at *Atone cn the opium
*Metal perwlesion. km result of these
MflvttI** end the open enunciation $t She nine-vim% platform*
th* Wean DitiseerStI42 Party mas tisheoded* aaA 16 at it* members
arrested. At the time of tts dis ion* the party bad 17
binenebmtiuniamemheroht0 et 303
19300 eonsersative elements La the Taiwan tsmoeratio
? %Ivan 3elf'4overaing laws, which took its
Ole Seems of local Sovemanont. Its WX904,4 litas
e method of parades its ata woks to persuade
tale in Tatman to seoptiolt with tbe Tey o laws
14 to mats shaft** 1* the local government of
result est the IleaSees *Newts* reform mere
town and village airtime. The Lesime. 011eh
the anthorittea extort after the suppose-
len* it illatttr *amyl* or a
Segue Alto% lot 400* hamonto with the
euthori s, aesompliefeed its purpose, mad upon
diShended vollestarily. tiil
CCCRET
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Ker84-4?14-...
ot * h trocy
*woes toasty ( a secret t
hoatkwartere in Tadkopiouse Towline*
had tarried NI the wont aanufat. 4?1' rifles sad eanianitive?
la sellotarber Mk, salistiag the aid its its varbsus branches
throughorxt Taiwan. the Seel* in as abortive rebellion
sgstect the Japsoese suthorit of the plot* ite
roesion end drastic posaiebearvi,vx t oorret bi the
sore then to room way tried
the nolo re useduested and botultpm
or ap? The ha treatment accorded thio
tors ream ted is the isp4.ts dieheeptement
tic ovnt In 4re1Aen? fSubeevent at-
*leant periodic sifter the outbreak
es in 1937 said the emeequent sttenpt
& to vonseript Taiwanese ter the
to iarsw...eale par too difficult tor the smthori-
emanatlaidfroe WaRkatilli lodsocodence
*arid gar 7.1 has traded to give a
legalistic subversion both before
The onwroesivo pol.toi? of the laponese is 1931 lad e mo-
tor et iitteist %bows* to b.th rganizing
abroad* la 1931 the Tat wan iftit ?tootles, *MA W- been ay.
preseed Tosiment was roorganineiIiMusghal., later talcinc
se the sate of Aott-raperlalist Leave. 2 ths wee year the
Taiwan Devolationary Taegus wee fsurried Si China. Them and
other slimy talwaneso aups aimed. *Cott! eaciriese Int43,10ita-
valso booms owe astir* * a' Um start of tinn-Jaftanese hoo-
Mitts* la 1937. Zs 1940 they WM all unite4 into one firce4P?
the federation ot fornoson Rovolutienistas with representetion
is ChansMag? The ilsdarationi* ates %ores
t? To disorganise Iraiwants prAwetloa sad commenicatioas
vital to Japantis strong unitary sad wail bases *a
the letand?
2. To seaneatbea anti-iboane-se venial& tome*, operating
Taiwas?
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ot volunteers tor war wit
at mortars municipal personae
mans
antl-wer and erti-Phsoist proslatitedsk
ell Taiwanese revolutionary *evillest
Th.Yersomax nvolvtion igarli *Motive pushed in
Firmosa will me doubt deal a aeries. Wow t the move;
ot the lipausae Inperiallete. Primarily thla is the sin
at the Federation. Sinae the outbreak *t Zino-Japanese
ANVENtax revolutionists hove started uprising*
la Formosa and carried oat gabatage mad diaturhannes, ta
China. ilecomease have participated la the reeletanee et
their tatteerlamd, have tsuihrt at the twat am volunteers.
and 1161P. 1110104 in the rear. It will he the ohjeetive of
the Fedematioe to enlarge partisipation la Chiles resist-
awe winet Apan? liave reldstaties lot Mae and Milt
Poxwmist revOifstitoo sly UFO &Veal' Or the VW* MU*Utt4
*anent V* soPeregled,
The osne article lista the MU:4ft thane* aims at the Fedora-
sois manitoote4
1 To apzt th... Is trinelelee Via the policy
and z'*cotiu?tton et China and ?hey
her Swale Leader. denerulinaime OXAMO Kai-shot,
it* wevelmti terse* et famous
the Japanese rule iz Pereesa mot restore
tho Forenesn polsOliks
mobilise the Pmenimmon mime for the rovelettmaimet
the pertisipation Sy Prs eau velveteen to
ammo trio Mos
At the at the ear in
NP**blatant* was still 1.41
had satire som4acto in Taboo,
the 'adoration et Porepoon
in mina* and reportedly
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the V
the steel*
ti
item the ea
tetereat itiviNeesias
pteeet voter the setae
1 voetiolgte vim stoteereed by
term Comeettiet tihrtro Ai)
eleaters the CM,
le tbot ettiettUmbegtett to
!is *stow Tilt Cana
their 1)011 rea
to the Par ternte
reorgentaseto* Wok
tam. hot eggedesbat tater
re fermi tIti the jarisdite
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[...-4RIF"TI????=mmi
thka
cci,ta.:14-h iflte ILttlit:A4 la to - sk itra
v the Maio a-lertzrnt of Chtna.
aka ate).-Jete-mn* .gar la 1937 to the 314
-gamma Owramtet 1...Nlp raciathir4 dtypzati..,
.;`121summistal, bad tykes strom advocates ar
trate Jews
$e 41e.'" SA th* ao -4*-* 4.*Amtp
?Taivel boesms mion 4ith China under the
* *molls tbs. Tatiparisee Cammatute unwiring- tram pApe-war dayei
1.111 Pte..abun and WIER II roaridtkre
thit Diatilks*Sit Communist wow,' rtiPcitetod astivio
poet-war pars. LIS iieta reported is 1.)51 to ba a Chieclae
thmtuniett tntettiveseik asent Bong 21 sod Van
vas wall active is 1.95.4 in the Ottitaese ,Amagensiet **One 1.n
Peking. 12/
6
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