PRESS COMMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380002-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 55
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 6, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: November 16, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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71,4(c C
PRESS COMMENT
1956
This issue of Press Comments
contrasts the accounts of the
Soviet crushing of Hungary's
bid for freedom with previous
statements of the Russian Com-
munist leaders concerning their
non-intervention in the inter-
nal affairs of other countries."
FOR
INTERNAL USE ONLY
DO NOT CIRCULATE
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? ?
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RED FACES
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OFF.N.44444Lzw,pi4.4,4git.cA
Y'-'10117111I A4-pont IVY I ,f\r Mt: 2 03002-4
Appropril
TERNAL AFFAIRS OF ANOTHER NATION OR STATE
V. I. LENIN
Corns lete eoualit of rights for all nations; the.
right of nations to self- e ermina ion; the ama gama-
tion of the workers of all nations--ti-us is the
national prOgramme that Marxism, the experience of
the whole world, and. the experience of Russia, teaches
the workers. (Lenin, Selected_ Works, Vol. IV, p. 293.)
The real freedom of the Slav peasant in the Balkans,
as of the Turkish peasant, can be secured- only through
Efullf2f12ELILL!..1Lif_211112:and through. the
federation of complete democratic states. (Lenin,
"An Infamous Resolution," Pravda, No. 149, October
1912, Collected Works.)
???????011?11
If any nation Whatsoever is. detained by force within
the boundaries of. a certain state, and. if (that
nation) contrary to its expressed. desire--whether
. such desire is mademanifest in the press, national
assembly, party decisions, or in protest and uprisings
against national oppression--is not given the right
to determine the form of its state life by free voting
arid completely free from the presence of troops of the
annexing or stronger state and without the least
pressure, then the adjoining of that nation by the
stronger state is annexation, i.e., seizure by force
and violence. ("Declaration signed by Chairman of
'Soviet of People's Commissars, Vladimir Lenin,
28 October 1917, issued the day the Bolsheviks took
power.)
J. V. STALIN
What is national oppression? gational oppression.is
that system of exploitation and plunder of subject
peoples, those measures of forcible restriction of
the pollticai,rights of subject peoples, which are
resorted to by imperialist circles. These, taken
together present the policy generally known as a
policy of national oppression. (Stalin, Marxism and
the National and Colonial Ouestion, p. 62.)
But no one has the right to interfere forcibhy in-
. the internal life of a nation and by. force "correct"
its mistakes. Nations are sovereign in matters .of
internal life, and they have the right to manage
themselves according to their own desires. (c'talin
'
"Counter-Revolution and. the Peoples of Russia'
(13 August 191.7), Sochineniya, Vol. III, p. 209.)
2
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?
OFF.N.44444Lzw,pi4.4,4git.cA
Y'-'10117111I A4-pont IVY I ,f\r Mt: 2 03002-4
Appropril
TERNAL AFFAIRS OF ANOTHER NATION OR STATE
V. I. LENIN
Corns lete eoualit of rights for all nations; the.
right of nations to self- e ermina ion; the ama gama-
tion of the workers of all nations--ti-us is the
national prOgramme that Marxism, the experience of
the whole world, and. the experience of Russia, teaches
the workers. (Lenin, Selected_ Works, Vol. IV, p. 293.)
The real freedom of the Slav peasant in the Balkans,
as of the Turkish peasant, can be secured- only through
Efullf2f12ELILL!..1Lif_211112:and through. the
federation of complete democratic states. (Lenin,
"An Infamous Resolution," Pravda, No. 149, October
1912, Collected Works.)
???????011?11
If any nation Whatsoever is. detained by force within
the boundaries of. a certain state, and. if (that
nation) contrary to its expressed. desire--whether
. such desire is mademanifest in the press, national
assembly, party decisions, or in protest and uprisings
against national oppression--is not given the right
to determine the form of its state life by free voting
arid completely free from the presence of troops of the
annexing or stronger state and without the least
pressure, then the adjoining of that nation by the
stronger state is annexation, i.e., seizure by force
and violence. ("Declaration signed by Chairman of
'Soviet of People's Commissars, Vladimir Lenin,
28 October 1917, issued the day the Bolsheviks took
power.)
J. V. STALIN
What is national oppression? gational oppression.is
that system of exploitation and plunder of subject
peoples, those measures of forcible restriction of
the pollticai,rights of subject peoples, which are
resorted to by imperialist circles. These, taken
together present the policy generally known as a
policy of national oppression. (Stalin, Marxism and
the National and Colonial Ouestion, p. 62.)
But no one has the right to interfere forcibhy in-
. the internal life of a nation and by. force "correct"
its mistakes. Nations are sovereign in matters .of
internal life, and they have the right to manage
themselves according to their own desires. (c'talin
'
"Counter-Revolution and. the Peoples of Russia'
(13 August 191.7), Sochineniya, Vol. III, p. 209.)
2
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?
J. V. STALIN (cont.)
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. .
We, have no War aims of imposing our regime, Slav or
.otherwise, on the enslaved peoples of the world who
waiting for our help, nor can we have such aims.
Our .aith is to help these people, to liberate them
from the Hitlerite 'tyranny, and then to leave them
free to live on their own lands as they wish. THERE
CAN BE NO INTERFERENCE IN TiE AFFAIRS OF OTHER PEOPLE.
July 1941.)
QueStion: What.impOrtance do you attribute to UNO
as a meant of preserving international peace?
Answer: ?I attribute great importance to UNO since
:is a'terious inStrument for the preservation of
:Peace and 'international security. The strength of this
..international organization consists in the fact that it
basedon.the princi2le of equal rights of states and
hot ell the rincible of domination over others. If( it
.:can preserve in the future the princ pie of equal rights,
then undoubtedly it Will play a great positive role in
the cause of the maintenance of universal peace and
?SeCurity..,'. (Stalin, Interview with A.P. correspondent
GilMores Pravda, 23 March 1946..)
. .
Many people do not believe that relations between a
:big nation and a small nation can be equal. But the
Soviet people'hold that such relations can and must
exist, Soviet people hold that each nation--whether
big or small--has its own qualitative peculiarities,
its specific nature, which belongs only to it and
Which Other nationtlack. In this sense all nations-- '
TAg and Small-7ara in similar position, and each
nationis equivalent to: every other nation. (Stalin,
Pravda, 13 April 1948.)
?
N.h. BULGANIN
It is Well known that ,between our countries there
have arisen new relations, unprecedented in history,
'based upOn community of purpose and interests, on
-4principles of equal. rights, respect for state sovereignty
'And, non-intervention in internal affairs. Our states
-
Are striving sincerely to assist one another and to
:bring about a Common:upsurge. The relations between
oux'countries are the embodiment of the noble principle
of, socialist.l.nternationalism and the great ideas?of
fraternal friendship between free and equal peoples.
(Bulganin's speechdUring the Warsaw Conference as it
appeared in Pravda, 13 May 1955.)
_ _ .
_
LT.heSoviet.Union s foreign policy is clear. We have
stood., and stand, for peace between peoples,? for ,
:peaceful coexistenCe between all states, regardless
'of what internal syttems are established. in any par-
ticular state, regardaess of whether it is monarchist
or republican, capitalist or socialist, since the
question--of the existing social and economic system
1_.nHany state is aninternal affair of its people.
ReCognitiOn of thi$ indisputane thesis is of very
).1 1
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J. V. STALIN (cont.)
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. .
We, have no War aims of imposing our regime, Slav or
.otherwise, on the enslaved peoples of the world who
waiting for our help, nor can we have such aims.
Our .aith is to help these people, to liberate them
from the Hitlerite 'tyranny, and then to leave them
free to live on their own lands as they wish. THERE
CAN BE NO INTERFERENCE IN TiE AFFAIRS OF OTHER PEOPLE.
July 1941.)
QueStion: What.impOrtance do you attribute to UNO
as a meant of preserving international peace?
Answer: ?I attribute great importance to UNO since
:is a'terious inStrument for the preservation of
:Peace and 'international security. The strength of this
..international organization consists in the fact that it
basedon.the princi2le of equal rights of states and
hot ell the rincible of domination over others. If( it
.:can preserve in the future the princ pie of equal rights,
then undoubtedly it Will play a great positive role in
the cause of the maintenance of universal peace and
?SeCurity..,'. (Stalin, Interview with A.P. correspondent
GilMores Pravda, 23 March 1946..)
. .
Many people do not believe that relations between a
:big nation and a small nation can be equal. But the
Soviet people'hold that such relations can and must
exist, Soviet people hold that each nation--whether
big or small--has its own qualitative peculiarities,
its specific nature, which belongs only to it and
Which Other nationtlack. In this sense all nations-- '
TAg and Small-7ara in similar position, and each
nationis equivalent to: every other nation. (Stalin,
Pravda, 13 April 1948.)
?
N.h. BULGANIN
It is Well known that ,between our countries there
have arisen new relations, unprecedented in history,
'based upOn community of purpose and interests, on
-4principles of equal. rights, respect for state sovereignty
'And, non-intervention in internal affairs. Our states
-
Are striving sincerely to assist one another and to
:bring about a Common:upsurge. The relations between
oux'countries are the embodiment of the noble principle
of, socialist.l.nternationalism and the great ideas?of
fraternal friendship between free and equal peoples.
(Bulganin's speechdUring the Warsaw Conference as it
appeared in Pravda, 13 May 1955.)
_ _ .
_
LT.heSoviet.Union s foreign policy is clear. We have
stood., and stand, for peace between peoples,? for ,
:peaceful coexistenCe between all states, regardless
'of what internal syttems are established. in any par-
ticular state, regardaess of whether it is monarchist
or republican, capitalist or socialist, since the
question--of the existing social and economic system
1_.nHany state is aninternal affair of its people.
ReCognitiOn of thi$ indisputane thesis is of very
).1 1
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great importance for the successful settlement of
unresolved international problems.... The Soviet
Government considers that we must in the long run
strive no ensure that there are no foreign troops on
the territornof European states. The withdrawal of
foreign troops from the territories of the European
states and the restoration in this respect of the
situation which existed before the second world war
would already, in and for itself, be of great impor-
tance for the strengthening of peace, would radically
improve the situation in Europe and remove one of the
chief sources, if not the main source, of that mis-
trust in relations between states which exists at
the present time.... The question was touched on
here of the countries of Eastern Europe, the countries,
of people's democracy. To raise this question at
the present Conference means leading us to interfere
in the internal affairs of these states. Yet it is
well known that the peopiers democratic regime in
these countries was set up by the peoples themselves
,on the basis of a free declaration of their will.
Moreover, no one has authorized us to examine the
eiturItionaIlthese countrres. Thus, there are no
grounds for discussing this question at our Conference..
(Bulganin, Speech at Geneva Conference, afternoon
session on lb July 1955, Pravda.)
For the purpose of guaranteeing peace and security
anti ?averting aggression against any state in Europe,
for the purpose of strengthening intei-national coopera-
tion. in accordance with the principles of respect for
the independence and sovereignty of states, and. also
? of nop-interference in their internal affairs ... the ,
European states, being guided by the aims= principles
,of the UN Charter, conclude an all-European treaty on
collective security in Europe on the following prin-
ciples:...
In Geneva we-expressed ourselves,dgainst foreign
troops remaining indefinitely on the territory of
European countries and said that in this connection
the situation should be restored which existed before
the Second World War. We are convinced that this
would meet the aspirations of European
for independent existenee, and that it would be
fully in line with t;he task of ensuring security for
the peoples of Europe.... In the meantiMe, it is
well known that the people's Democratic regime in
these countries was established by the peoples
themselves on the basis of their free expression of
will. (Bulganin, Pravda 5 August 1955, Speech to
Supreme Soviet.)
6
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'NW'S:11;7-EO The
tio,e, "What are
ifoi1ed NatiOna
colibIt receive onl
answers, so that !Iitd
days ttei goodwilt
show olirna of.?stratri.
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ques-
cst .fted
.help?"
eve sive
few'
to
iVe 11010441 .AXII)etd
On a,' main llibroughtareon
Virceinesday a revolutionary group
had just ?prit up defiant postdrs.
liVesterners who stopped to look
were accosted hy art.
sneaking Hungarian who offered
to translate, In e.eondn a
eriburd gathered..
After a short synopsis of the
poster, i.vhieli called, before any-
thing else, for Soviet troop to
quit Hungary, theman began to
explain the peoples' attitude'
How every: house was equipped
with a gun that would be used
urn it there was no one left to use
It . Rot he said the more i.nr
hiedisite prospect ? was of Soviet
tanks, so correspondents: beat a
shrilling but. hasty' retreat from
the ever-growing crowd.
,
Premier Janos Kadar said the
revolution or c.nunter-revolution
in Miskolc, a ZITO hultistrIal
it of ?'..'etStOrli Hungary, had
been tel by ofailign .fascist,"
bt visit br.Weratetinsra
'ltolo a .weele gt ecu1 alnver
orly young student4. artiata
.professional men leading
!revtilution,
Virtually the whole population,
following the leaders, said they
d. wit object to the existence of
ithe Communist party, only to
I the fact that it had tiorninatett
:the country although it do not
represent majority opinion.
!were 'minesweepers of the Royal
Thursday night, there Were
lire, rubble, bodies, hunger, fear
iand repression in 'Budapest and
in other parts of Hungary, HIM-
Idiads of thousands of Raga that
:flew in the name of Hungarian
:independence from, virtually- eva
house looked bedraggled,' ail
if they inoed for nothing.,mora
than a futile dream:
ERS - 'dal Gov-
hsh. order:
ral strike,
_ . , . :- ? 'en , w t g :Of the'
4EKILEss, siFps, p(,,,xt..i.,,,,,q.. a.?,?ishrd
1 . Western ObArVits.
' ' . r ' ' ? Itatvireea,, reartitag the, .Atis-?
To NELL REVOLT, it.,,,,,aatiinz.,,,,,r,,,,.? ZIlkfigyitterr?011,teder-e
. d
41' Prenared to end the shooting but
insisted or maintaining lite gem
eral strike taft111.14sitiri
SunimAry Execution Decreed
t t.rated that iii?.wart, jappa.red to
?1.0 $14ected Rebels , as I Y"'ithdraw an '4/1PF`t,Itlft trooPs
,
Surrender 'Period Ends ' ' Iligarl ' ' ''''' ..., '.''';i+.' -1 1
Over the Biaaise,s,.? ra;vio the
.. _ .
ICartar;,:tregirno. promillsed; again
' .that it would. respract the orig.'
By ELIE ABEit., !inal goals :of the Oct. i.t.3 revo-
VIENNA, Nov. la---CoMmtl. Ion. The era of Stalinist ar:I,
Stvniel to The Nog V:11'; Ti WS.
hileariness and illegality can.
nist. Hungary ordered summaryl inever :returri to Hungary," the
execution tooight for, all revolit- Govern rrie n t declared. Among
tignitries accused -of ? murder,
arson ;or looting. .
President 'Istvan ?obi. made.
I kn.owi . that tiny Hungarian be-,
iicve,d guilty' of these: crimes
could be .put .: to death within of itintlyas Rakbet, who resigned
twenty-four hours. No proof. as ' Cormitunist party chief last
July. ,
4iEstablishInent of woilsers'
councils on the Yugoslav model
to klye'empioyes a voice M mare
agement decisions,
(lCreatioti of a new police
ordered the !merciless' exterroj.. force to replace the hated
'IAH. ?
? CRemoval of the Soviet, red
star from the national flag and
restoration !of March 16 as .a
ment.blockeil the first Internat.- ? national :holiday, commemorating
tiogal Bed Cross convoy try- the 1843 1g:hitting of Louis
ng,., to.. enter. Hungary from Ko t' tl i'?
tltria with medical and 'lera,', ,' ; ,f*. "" R0?.4.r. .., . na. 6m''.
relief simiphes.,1 '
. . , ? ? ? by staravationlillad*OVorted
Iligad Estimated at '20,000 yesterday ',throngtr:'-ittipliptriattc.
. _. ,._. , ,
A , gkoup ,of Scandinavian coo- channels. Today itlAtilalaa uees reaching Austria btought
ref-
respondents who reached Vienna
today .from Euda.pest estimated odithdonal . details- which 'were
rot, as :many ira ,2o,000. Him- largely confirmed by the Huda-
gartans had lost, their lives in Pest radio.. .
tighting since Oct. 23, the day The refugees told of food ship-
the -uptuteg spina the cpuh.. mints for Budapesi being held
trySCommuniat, rules began. up outside the , city while the
The Groveiounent's new hard, Populace wal.s ehiled upon. to go
due -appeared: to bade been de-I back to work if it wanted to
tided upon within:a:few hours] eat '
in a ?fralltio effort toy the Sovieh The Budapest radio': a,aserted
tht 20 per cent of the capital's
1114041rd regime o f Janos' Kadar,
.ta,aramh thefi Worker; had reported for
E"' I duty. Fewer than- tine cpuarte'r of
tried. re$istanee: .. . ' thir. telephone and telegraph-em-
?'(
$13fter Methods, inelitiling a ployers weer reported on their
Prevous appeal for the end of ;jobs, along with 3,000 out of
violence and the eighteen-day- workers at the Ganz rail-
road car factory; 800 of' 2,800 at'
otd general strike7.11411forPtd blY.',. the Maros plant aro 1)0 of 4,000'
r' '.r.if WORIPa'01, B,t1491 at the Element Gottiivald Ma-'
'o firita, Ii I , ?chine Worka,
t'iarn The radio, added that each put
t'.
?
' nil , Aie, ,11 : son returning t,o work today re-
I
hark 1.....14 C'rrritA,' flour viedaantr'ttiladtetR7krea. ag.3 Iilli:rcalsuc4dinlsg
o.-'
immediate Wage tn. tributed. in EfklYnf factories, and
i.5, per cent, ,To. hot pleats wei7e promised for
whose' present wages are. next week.
rt um aritr. ./..50,0 forinthn i According to refugees,. the
1 ?_, morale of the freedom righteu3 ,
'It prOMised Ft 10 PCr cent rise. Was high until last Wednesday.
1,..t"The ?Seartifirtavisil, corresPoritt- Their great hope, ' the refugees'
Iell.P.S who let Budapest at noon, 'said, was that the United I Nal freedem fighters walking boldly' ti'lli l Poll ' c IfOree Into Hoe ri rY.
tiring might send an interna-
reportel thay bed. seen armed
But tho. I' "1.1114 " fS re r al
the revolutionary aims embraced,
by the regime 'were: -
Correction -of, ; injustices' suf..'
ferad by th4i. workers under the
foceed Industrialisation program
would .be required,
Ferenc Munich, Minister of In-.
tenor, ; announced that the, final
deadline for voluntary surrender
of the rebels had: passed. He
jittiott of all armed groups or.
.
H
,; ?
iThe . ungarian Govern-
et" e roe
in the streets by daylight., TheY, ?Assembly to takt itly positive
itisTe thr irat. 1?""nn'sts Ianion was said to hav-e thtown
repot Austria front the Tilinga-' the revolutionaries into despair.
Ilan capital since, Soviet troops I .
launched, tlior crushing .etiirprise . Many Sold ?to Surrender
attack at dawn last Sunday. ' PCOpiit otocol on the roofs of,
.
!builidngs waiting for the ar-I
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rival
Minted Nationsi
the !
, planes," one of e Bildapest
'fitives said. ?idlit when"- they
'heard the General Assembly had
'postponed 4.00,, grea num-
her the freedom fighterslaid
rlopstri. their arms and surren-
'tiered." ?
The same day. 11,500 of the
fighter-a, mainly students?sor-
rendered an old castle Ili -Thidai
to the Russians, As they walked
out: of the castle with their arms
raised, Soviet. tenons mowed?
them down, the witnesses re-'
ported. Oniy a handful off the'
defenders' were said to have es-.
'coped,
.
- One of the, refugees remarked
hitterlY; "The Russians, after all,
Were?atting like -Russians,-ot
We expect-Aid, more rom f theWost
he- added.
than.. to tet Amain way,"1
ounds 101
Newsman
PARtS, Nov. 7 111?French,
new photographer Jean-Pierre
Pedrazzinl, 29, dled in a hospital
today of Wounds suffered
Saviet tank attack in Buda.
at last week,
?POranial was flown to Paris,
with a dozen wounds in his
abdomen, back and leg. A Pho.
,tographer for the Magazine
"Match," he had been consid-
ered one of the best French'
news photographers in the field.
He was the second Western
newsman shot by the Russian
'during the revolt. London co
respondent Noel Barber was
wounded in the bead near the
i
British Legation in the first few
days of the revolt last. week.
4
N. S. ICHRUSHCHEV
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. The sincere delight, the feelings of friendship, which
. your people expresses on meeting our delegation we
take as a reward for the peoples of the Soviet Union
for their disinterested and honorable attitude towards
all people, large and small.. (KhruShChev, Pravda,
22 November 1955, Speech to the Indian Parliament.)
As for Soviet people, our understanding is clear and
intelligible for all. We say: peace for all peoples
of the world: We say: there must be no interference
in the internal s stems of other states and ?eo les.
This is the main thing. KhrushcheV, Pravda, 2 November
1955, Speech in Bombay.)
We consider that if at the basis of relations between
the USSR and. the USA were placed the well-known prin-
ciples of peaceful coexistence, this Would have a truly
outstanding significance for the whole of mankind and
would of course be of no less service to the people of
the USA than to the peoples of the USSR and to all other
peoples. These principles--mutual respect for terribo,r-
. ial integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-
interference in each others internal affairs, equality
and mutual advantage, peaceful co-existence and economic
cooperation--are now shared and supported by a score of
states. (Khrushchev, Pravda, 15 February 1956, Speech.
to.XIth Party Congress.)
G. M. MALENKOV
The'love of peace by the Soviet Union is aemonstrated
not only by the proposals made by it, but by its. actions,
(Malenkov, Speech at 19th Congress of CPSU, October 1952.)
_
The Soviet Union has no tetrritorial claims against
any state whatsoever including any of its neighboring
states. It is the .inviolable principle of our
foreign policy to respect the national freedom and
sovereignty of any country, large or small. One of
the decisive advantages of the democratic camp, and
its basic difference from the imperialist camp, lies
In the fact that It is not rent by internal contra-
dictions and strife, that the principal source of
its strength and progress lies in mutual care for
the interests of all countries of the democratic
camp and in close economic collaboration. That is
why the friendly relations of the countries of the
democratic camp and their fraternal collaboration
will inevitably develop and become stronger.
(Malenkov, Pravda, 9 August 1953, speech to Supreme
Soviet USSR, 8 August 1953.)
8
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4
s.
? .
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I
,
er hitt ?114 "r 411i ra.ga 4a,
A
some ,rail traffic had .,started.
It added:
Rut noirdifig to the hi* litiast
ha,. .
o.
00,C4,0 t,'
#04,"0,1,47, OPPkirg "CtrP"
? ? gar*, to the east in
In. an
f allY to nit* the reso-tutioii
-,
This
siirpkielngd4 0,?,FIFe
Of1:01 OT,.;PYCOOlegil
11/841.9 fk, WNW Sifts.
said fisingarisri workers, -
arouSeti by news the depor-
tations, 7:"' are , their ,
Saha in,. tirreiOng. )1111,1110fist"'
?
TO, rradio '0044 41m
r;Pelletteti. of Hungarians in.;a?
1"4.0itast Wii48 why the
general , ,; f#,Iiid.;
' .
In &elm*
_.,, trtnliParte4 'tt'''* east 1 Hungarians on
,,e,,,?,, 1^00
tor/01C04., rathiligY c4rs,,: aPd.
_?,,,1 thiti'.Ffs* the /*Iway! ilk-1 '''''.. 111L
iv
!"' Agirtel,147 strike; again": ' , 'Ft IS?111 11* rain
Vtlio , plants were noti?
ET!..., 14 ,q, thei,'41ePort,tiptui and
werk,e therefore, now are
;gal. heir. jobs in kereaS-
ins. numbers," the radio said.
iDer li4rier a Vlem
Palter* Said .wines; and children
of,rehels weroheing deported.
W' en Dragged te Trains '
?77-, ,
_.,i /*Ogees Who?frosseti khe ,
Order into Austria laAt nigtit
said deportations, began". four .
dais .ilgoot..szoinNic.;. . tl,MeO,
lyyiregyhaza?, mid, Paicsimekia-
Icilani,- The/ reported. that inni!
.E reds of rimen .and eigloren
pere..:4r 04.11.'04 [4.00:..,h0r4..
g4arriadilretght trains 010
left fpr the east,:
"Rebels tried *at 41.0
tratfil*,,.0,46,70$4,up rIIs, but
01.,Q0:!#.;!,cier.',#,Oivy soviet
r
4r,c;
9
VIENNA, Nov. 13 fitenters1
T--iVorkers in northeastern
Hungary blasted a irailroad
line. yesterday, s pped a
4aip. and freed, a load of pris-
oners being 'deported to Atis"
sia, a ecor,dim,g.40,_ reports
reaching ,hers: tualglkt..;
The sources said that large
Kale, deportition of ,hoys and
young men; of , military age '
from Hungary to Russia was .
continuing.
Throw Notes from Trains
ands , of: others had Ity0Wil
nut.S from trains, givingitheir
*lc prooni!I to :inform i,their
relatives that ittey?.efere being
already had been sent to par-
?
ents in ,, the reports
said,
The .11m, aped. IA
be preparing ?tar a tang stay
in Rungary., They had, taii:en
over the whole area around
an air rieictsouthwast pf,8nda-
per,st arid expell*: all Hungari-
ans .from the;
tho
Tha reports. said thht thou.
? natne,s and addresses and eslc-,
taken to Aumik Igapx ,INAttes
,
Nash. Pint
NO V 7 195
Seat to
'
Raw*** to 06,63 eernee
NEW Ni.'.YORIC?. 6-1rifer.
motion from iliforrned nources
-I was repeived Nein -York to,
clri.y to trans-Atiantie tete.
1.PhOne that thousallds
nt ty,' Otiinand Ixixears man-
inel biy, Atotagels bar been ar.
riNirtfr !ICE
tat-
!militate speee.tat
. Soviet. -..10tive'le..,ligagaryiere
,
to. qt ,OX wee, 4,1 0#472.0
thuueSode 4.:...:c1"IU,rtgarie#,. Mt?
41enet";. :paseditY;,,fer..c ? titiik Rusin1nbur ..L.' . .
. . eaguye ,110.?Welt' .
. ?? ,,, n
NOV Ti
to 'Olt the
rivals da ? ro/itinue.44,
A.raioont that l'Ise,,,itailkit-hoys mut
young- men tint ULso otenum andi
ohddre.0 weee -ttsing Sent-to thei
Soidet Van 'ems eentireekBe-,,
twe.11 .4nd taddlgrp. 14et MgAti'
thr'e:1471*''''IP.#P444!ran
novryJ '.lwaot
,
md91'.1*.1.4 Pui* ...vrome4 On4
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Approved For R igease'22.844g414-8)02771R000200380002-4
The fashionable "theory"--if one may call it such--
according to which the era of sovereign states has
passed, is the greatest perversion of the truth.
No, the era of sovereign states has not passed. It
is in a state of efflorescence. And all those who
raise a hand against the sovereignty of European
states ... are threatening the vital interestsof
European security. (ivialenkov, "Address to Supreme ,.
Soviet", 26 April 1954, Pravda and Izvestiya, 27 April:
1954.)
Y. MALIK
Aggression takes place where one State attacks
another. The Soviet Government has taken this line
in defining aggression since 1933, when the Soviet
delegation put forward a definition of aggression
in the Security Committee of the Disarmament Con-
ference in Geneva.... As is known, this definition
of aggression includes such'acts as a declaration
of war by a State against another State; invasion
of a territory by the armed forces of another State
even without declaration of war; the invasion of
the territor of one State b the Armed.forces of
anot er Sta-e, and so or .... -s e nition of
aggression and of the attacking country--the aggressor--
was in substance approved in May 1939 by a League of
Natidns Security Committee composed of the representa-
tives of seventeen states. The aggressor in an inter-
national conflict shall ... be considered to be that
State which is the first to commit any of the follow-
ing actions:
Provision of support to armed bands formed on its
territory which have invaded the territory of another
State, or refusal, notwithstanding the request of the .
invaded State, to take on its own territory all measures
in its power to deprive those bands of all assistance
or protection. (Malik, 3 August 1950,Security Council
Meeting.)
?
V.M. MOLOTOV
The special character of these mutual, assistance
pacts in no way implies any interference on the
part of the Soviet Union in the affairs of Estonia,
Latvia or Lithuania, ,as some organs of the, foreign ?
.-
press charge. On the contrary all thesepacts of *
mutual assistance strictly stipulate the inviolabilitY'
of the sovereignty of the signatory States and the '
principle of non-interference in each other's affairs....
We stand for the scrupulous and punctilious observance
of the pacts referring to mutual assistance with ,
Baltic state5 s on the basis of complete reciprocity
and we declare that all the nonsensical talk about'
the Sovietization of the Baltic countries is only to
the interest of our common enemies and of 'all anti-
Soviet provocateurs. (Molotov, Foreign Policy of
Soviet Union, Fifth Session of Supreme Soviet,
31 October 1939, Pravda, I November 1939.)-
10
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IL T.
NOV I 2 SS
soul
'his 13 ,the first of 4 erfe3 Of
,arttcles by Barrett McGurn
New York Nereid Tribune cur-
respondent, telt? was trapped
,
In litadapest bb the Soviet is-
let* a Week two and teas not
eilowed to leatv,tintil eartg
' 'ttitsterdey. Re wrote this re-
port shortly after arriving in
Vienna. the fdteldnell Of
2, Whil.n 410.24*-1
By Barrett McGurn
VIZNNA, Nov. ti.?HungerY e 221140104 ow-
.oe
w . }tenger
lanst ? Marine pre and
children. But Russian. tied too.
Some estlflsateof Russlafl dead
rim into lanteral thnuseind,
" The Ittiiiiiiine.Were able. to win
10.0itigitl, for two:resOnne, They
urated.!Inniary. With Intel
in Orden 01130141
Is beck squarely under the So- intethgese repolts sent word Of
Viet heel after a hereto and 4,000t sanka already inside
tragic effort to be free. the Hungarian border and an-
The Russian* are presenting other 1,000 on the flintier cross.,
the situation, in RtMgary as a ihE in. I
*nine) between Piatinns, some Fifteen to twenty. Roston di-
'Internist,' andaomproedgnal vIsiofl awhrtned through the
the large 'endear** an indus- count*, sammil commend of the
'Wallets of the past, ;Mars pro- road5.closingescaperounqg
communist. But slut south, as the borders and ringing the capi-
,this reporter SAW ft reflected in tat th armor and ortiliatx
two weeks in crucified . Hun ary At least 4,.00 trt soldiers
g ,
is that a war has just been Ivens Mut tt force was,
fought and finiehed between the ?ten UM* t _ Russian
complement in the little satellite.
When It is remembered that
Hungary has little more than
the population of New York City
and Budapest just about the
PePulation of Queens. an Idea of
the appalling might of the Soviet
force is possible.
nation agairiat nation, not owes Force 'Used Ruthlessly
against Coen Coupled with the force the
Minor netting stagy Inn go 011, 'Kremlin brought to bear was the
The, hatred er the Htonan and. nithteesness with which it was
of thesmallminority (If TuTtV_ ' faced was to restore subservience
Communists is so Feat that in a satellite where even Com-
Crowds still gathered Ridgy even rtIttnIlatIS hitd risen to demand
on the doorstop, Of the Soviet mdependence and neutrsilly, a
coMmand post In Budepest to neutrality which, in this case
talk cordially about the United meant an. end to the bonds
States end to ask departing strapping HurigarY to Rusin.
American newsmen to curt, mes- The question before the Rus-
Saga back to relatives in Amer- stens was how to, break the will
of a giopulatiori whieh to a man
Soviet Union and its satellite.
Hungarians of every class and
age?factory laborers farmers
and children included?rose up
without arms to defy the tanks
of the Russians and diid by the
thousands as they did it, It was
openly was against them.
"Every family here has them, The Soviet decision, was as one
one man outside Russian head-
quarters said.
The comments were less of
affection for the United States?
* country a vast number of Hun-
Italians feel let them down?
than an opportunity to rally
openly around a Soviet foe.
Anti-Russian and anti-Oommu-
Wet sentiment is so gond and
so universal no one seemed to were struck so often, their
fear the listening ears of the
Communist spies, now back at
work at the Russiank behest.
How many died am the RIM-
lana brutally crushed freedom-
minded Hungary, no one can yet
catirnate, but guesses by Red
Cross workers run as high as
25,000.
observer expressed it to trade
"a building for a bullet." Every
time a sniper opened fire with
a potshot, tanks answered with
sweeping machinegun and can-
non fire.
Thousands of cannon holes
were drlfled throuh the waIls
of Budapest apartment houses.
Some buildings took, a hale
dozen or more shell hits. Others
fronts collapsed. One street
near the. Killian barracks, one
of the main resistance centers.;
looks now as if tanks parked in
front of house after hone had.
shelled until the walls fell aws,Y.1
In some hospitals the women
and children victims outnum-
bered the men.,
roe four 4.11thuelei'd'erinfi
People of Endintitat stood p to
the SOviet OnaMoriening, but
finally the "(Inlet" the Russians
said they had come to restore
fell like a pall over the broken,
Hungarian capital.
It wilt take months to repair
the Material damage; not even
years will vase the moral ruin,
Tales of every sort of atrocity
ere being repeated, a legacy of
'nothing against the Soviet
Union which no Communist
schooling in the future is likely
ever to wipe out.
One is of what happened at
the children's clinic behind the
Killian barracks. The tatter,
described by some reporters as
"the Alamo of Hungary." is
where 1,000 soldiers, civilians,
wainen and children held out
anceetiefully against Soviet tanks
in the Vat round of the war two
weeks age. The barracks de.
fender,. using small arms and
MoItitel cocktails (tome-mede
antletenk inciendary bombs)
burned out a half dozen to a
doe= Russian tanks and
strewed the street with Russian
dead.
When the second and fatal
round began the Russians
stormed tthe,KlUian bereagke
anew. Two item titter the at-
tack began foreign embassies in
Budapest began receiving fret-
tic telephone calls saying` that
the Russians were shooting their
way through the infants' hospital to get at the barracks froill
the rear.
Children. Lives at Stake
Embassies began telephoning
desperabely in their turn. The
lives of 300 children were at
stake. A truce permitting evac-
uation of the children was de-
&ended. Finally as callers tele-
phoned in anguish again two
hours later a dismal message
awaited them. The Soviet Em-
bassy said it, could not inter-
vene; nothing could be done
Eater further wind spread that,
some of the children had been
cremated,
Another story concerned the
fate of the general post office.,
Again volunteers telephoned the,
foreign ambasales. Russians en-
tered the post office shooting as
they walked; old women em-
ployees fell dead before the fire.
Again there was nothing the
embassies could do.
Auetrlari diplomats distin-
guished themselves, cries-croas-
ing the city In a search of &et.
band informatinn while the first
clay's
slaughter was at its Worst.
One Austrian diplomat counted
"hundreds" of Hungarian
corpses on a single ride.
Deceit Linked With Force
The Ruse us attempted to lay
the greundwork. fee the inn&
mockery of Eastern European
tatellite "independence" by re
placing the freedom-seekling
government of Premier Irrun
NAV with ii Communist Cabinet
loyal to Moseinv but the. facts
are of a nakel Russian imperial-
15t intervention.
Deceit was linked with, force.
This Is whanhappened?
After Imre Nagy. an old-timin
iCommuniet at long last convert-
'ed to freedom for Hungary,. de-
manded that the Russians evac-
uate his homeland, feverish ne-
gotiations began. On Saturday
afternoon, Nov. n, Russians vis-
ited the government headquar-
ters on the banks of the Danube
and talks went encouragingly.
Desperately hopeful pans
clans spread the word that, the
Soviet Union might agree to
leave after all even though con-
stant reinforcements sweeping
In from the Ukraine gave the
hope the lie. This Russians meta
gested that the:next talks. that ,
very night, nitke Sete at, their
headquarters'.
Pal Maleten taut unknown
young colonel Who was ilief
hero of the 'first 'Killian herniae
defense and overnight had been:
;raised to majoz. general and to.
.Minister of Defense, agreed to;
visit the Ituesiant at their
stronghold Os requested, Tnat,
was the last seen of him. Next
morning at *dawn when. a tOoilr
cannonading On the city out-
Alms .signaled the start of ti3el
Soviet onslaught, the Nagy goin
eminent was Pintully appealing
to the missing ,Maietee to return,
When the Russians attached
Mr. Nagy went to their mbase',
to protest. it was the last Wen of ,
him, too, until today.
A Hungarian Cabinet meting,!
had been called for early Sinn
Can Morning, Only three Cab-
inet members were able to reach
the government headquarters.
One of them, Zoltan Tilds. a
Minister without Portfolio, toik
the initiative of negotiating
with the Ru Inns for the safe
departure of civilians working in
the building.
Then he left himself,, giving
his associates to understand.
that he did. not eimeet . the
agreement to protect him, as he
walked iuto the ring of 'Soviet
tanks already in place around.
the Hungarian headquarters. He
,indicated' that he believed him-
self 'going to his death." ?
Another of the, three, mean,
visited the' American. Le-
gation to dictate what. amount-
ed to the last will and testament.
trf the dying free Hunary., Then.
he returned to the governmenti
headuuarters as the symbol ofl
the legitimate Cabinet to iiwait
his fate.
In his statement
hereby. Ohm that Hungary.r.no4
not wed .toPowing sn
Soviet policy. On the contrary.,
it, wants to live 'in a "community,
11
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No one hap the,r1ght todispute the fact. that the im-
plementation:ofdemocratic reforms is, the domestic
affair of:each,state., ,(Molotov,: 9:May 1948 quoted
in Information Bulletin of the USE, 26 May 1948.)
. .
The Soviet ,proposals ffieneva Conference propOsals
also speak of the heed for agreement to do away ,
with military bases on foreign territories.... One
of the two military bases which the Soviet Union had.
maintained outside 14G3 borders Underip.pprouiate
treatiell was given up several months ago ffort ArthuL7
while the second and last fforkkalg will he abandoned
this year. There will be no Soviet-leVaitary bases on. "
the territories of other states. The Soviet Government
has taken theee.steps in or. erto furtherAmprove
international relations and. build up confidence among
nations,- In this, case again the Soviet government has
proceeded ,from words to deeds.'. AMOlOtQw, Pravda,
24 September 1955, SPeech to UN General Assembly.)
B. PONOMAnEV
The Communists are fighting selflessly for the nde-
.pendence of countries and for democratic freedoms....
The Communists are telling peoples-AA-their countries
that their sacred patriotic obligation is to defend
the homeland from IMperialiet slavery, to defend their
countriesvnationalsoverei.epty and, to eave:the nation
from teing drawn :into a disastrous (Ponomarev,
Prhvda, 28 February 1953, pp. 2-3.)
A. SOBO4V.
_
The Soviet people has never concerned,itself: with,
and does not intend to concern itselith, the
exporting,of revolution, ha e never imposed, and,
does not intend to ,impose, it Soviet way .of life
on anyone.,... (Sobolev, Problems of Economic, No.
10, October 1950.) ,
. The Soviet Union stands as an insuperable obstacle
on the instigators of a:new mar. The. policy of .
foreiun seizures is hostile to the oviet state..
ar contradicts the very essence of the socialist..
system.: Peace is a necessary condition for the unin-
2terrupted:upsurge of :Soviet ePonothy, ,for Ats
accelerating movement forward. ASobolev, Problems
of Economics, ,No. 10, October 1950.)
?
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iiiMsierb...F44hOiti*iH. 43. 14 04 Ir*
trim Ottgarlitrill',..'4eli' lives 'hi Phi V IL
, .
oneordanee WithirreedOnli justice
and a society without exploits-I
?
;rijeet, the 1 slander that
' fasciae ; or '?'en,tt - :10.044Mr
IEtited 4)01' ttlelOtleAltettalt
i'Die entire ' Hungait, :Om ;
iteok Oart in the figliV 'without -
distnction of:class or religion,
i
It was moving and :wonderful .
to behold the. wise arid thought-
fully; discriminating' 'attitude of
the pooplei, They turned only
isigairrst, the Oppressivc. foreign
ittilltf And the gangs of us
henchmen'. ? ' .:. ? ' ? i ? .' 1
:kly orders lo the Hungarian
nation are to use all .weepops of
passive' ,resistance ? 'against ; the
OqUPYIN 61711Y and the puppet
goverimient it :will set tin. ' ? I AM
in nil position to order an alined
resertancef ? ? ? . - ? .,
With ,:both i the goVernment
and the ItrIllY decapitatect by the
Iselante of the . trusting and well
wishing ,'"Iiiir. Male-ter' end Mr.
Nagy, Mr. .13itiots call. for civic
rather than military -resistance
seemed the only alternative.i Mr.
Tube himself was- heard ' Of no
more.; : individuals on their own
took ;up the armed defense, iiii-
Pealing to the' Americans and
other 'Westerners for parachuted
arms,. -- but live days. and Soviet
' violem crushed Budati6St's last
Imilitarg holdout. i A ride today to
thet,'Austriazi frritier showed 110,
ittetle'tot Military resistance aug-
where 'else.
.0 ??
Red ,
, , :
, Th4;:ts
Use seemit?of
of arfides be : BloYett- aii;04.trit
New :York Hera14. Tribuit4*r.,
zespendeut, .who was- tropucd4a.
Budapest, bp the Soviet oiseei0
. week,: ago eind war not 'ler,
mittefi to leave tiotti virile :-Sayal
deg,. ffe wrota.titts ?report itharthi
after ,arrialai ilit,:Vieano?
. ,,:.. - ?' '. . .
.
By .BatrettIVISCairo ,
,ppliqrsless el ,iliftw11114y1'ribtere
,VIEIIA;?, HOVC.: t2f-i.-. The ilia,
news. :of 'Lira ftgarlak,denisinn: to alrett ',Wks efilighttna. He was
etli4Sh'illung5rA will olt -free! ?
dons hr... h x u Of ' ? '''' '' ' '
,--.:; ,
. fort*. -ewe ,? at
dawn ?43 u u;d a 7.,,:,;
:.; ,-
Nov. '41; with. a ,?,.',-.!--P42P.:0?-,?",
-poinding
non: on the oat
-
skirts or;. Blida-
Pest, : ,The can-
nonading - lasted
ten minutes. BY
1111(1,121011ing. 44
the levattt Ore*
et .central Buda* sati
. ..
past.".:?tvere: .e0311, , r
If ." .... .
41112164 by Altil`.'?.?,'.,7'..r-7"11/ 1
Inent%013#': eiiiiett :',fAt ten to
fgrtf. ton hintia,....? '? . ..?
- Tor fhte dayeAlin' -
. 17F3414li,r1.. ear
by ithibit? 7,EEKrH , ,
-.
verbena " ' .1
tttg.ofeMn4
Momenta later, gig efarett Vf ttl,*
shell..enUld IseM..ilt.,...?b flitb!
tance..'Ititle. fwd.:vac:lime-gun
-fire, echoed weeryivItere: . _ ., -. _ ...- ?
.-
Walking titatuait
on Tuesday and ledneeday.-one
conld hear the vine chattering
nearby. .Vroaydi Alatpinttnif
feed solg:citiciting for covet
Ade ? doorWaYe ' Ware . a 'iheliti'i in
telling when It -was Use to 100k
lac ptotteetton* -- ?t -.., , ...,, .:-....
By ftidat utast ofkitte Anvil
int. was over, hot as -recently as
Wednesday: crowds ran for shell;
ter every lame an automobile
aloPreetehed; .even. vitheaVae!: oll.
ocessiOn it turned out; It was
only an ambulance., ???, -,: .1 ,
Thi? :reason lisCageb eatticia
was plain.. poilresternxam-
monist newspaper man reported
seeing a men .:ptateataity dead
on the sidewal '4104-At bread
In his anna, ore, aIbkmany
stegthera foe'f : ?: vic-
tint to the Wild
nasyirts..: , :: l;.?I'' 4?,,,- .,:,!,.. i'..r.: :. - '. . Itedathdelt,Triggered,
..,alewsriaper -men ''lad teas= ', : filoviet. tankaare ?rit.til in ,evi,
1
far apino qualms, -:Hor -. hmrs.-__ _.? a deuce: everyiebere... Se are q aidt-
Young Men tura. blite berevalin triggered.' i'',Iinssiana;!sttc,cova,
op War overcoat Jay face down munist wrgs.. one . anima
; :" ,
nuthi' newspaPek,,,fisaa".a:,,hotel,
the Duna. Broken, . eis 4ay
around !hi*. He was; Iiint4o
his death-train a win w,
Thin-
:*'arlafla said. Today a wooden
cross over a mound In the park
beside the Duna Hotel marks
the spot where the youth has
been buried. ?
None of the reporters was
killed In the attack on the Duna,
4hotur hat.. least one Western
newapetner man ,was slain in the
en: -Photographer.- of "Paris-
atatch:' a 'French picture maga
-
sine. Most of the newsmen were
Pai-of the Duna Mahe time the
aesault wined: The majority
had ? taken' refuge inside their
Whets legationo: Even there
the"' were not completely ?sate,
however. The Egyptian. Barbosa?
lova ruined, a Yugoslav attache
was killed at NS legation and
the:(ezechslovair, French and
British Radnisales warp strafed.
Holes la Homes
The threat to the foreigners
ims.indicittive of the danger?
far more titan an empty threat
.--whith descended on the rebel-
lions, freedom-loving people. of
Budapest. On the road in from
Vienna, imam Sawshell holes
in anitil homes, and fa:factories
every... JAM feet ot Use way as ?If
teaks: drilled left and right as
they.ade.enced.?
lootir eniall Hungarian Arm!
artillery 'geese stand illionf the
road aninanned, a ntute;reinind-
er of 14.effort?by -the tiny sat-
array to. hold:, off the
Retadmi toms ? which over-
I'vliebsisal It. fri. one spot baits
dozen aratT trucks were burned
end blown to pIeea,. iridicating
that :II Rturgarian stand There
meta pulveriajng onslaught.
-13iidapent, telephone
andtide/Mann .pole a are down.
omelet* shade .trees ate shot
In twee WireaLlie tangledsier.oss
streeta- The marks ta.t4t
track" are everywhere.- chewing
inlOCIrrixstories, Pinging UP Park
wfloawagy ? "aching over one-
Life In at a. standstill .eseePi
far line' a bait block long from
early morning until late In the
evening :An front of the food
stores.; Sven at mid-day, the
string net bags of shoppers often
are empty. A sign that
famine may Yet add itself to the
phtgues :besetting the stricken
ifitiiikialief "7--
trembling,. to I! : , ,utrtly
windowlesa Intun
day to. say That svW: ? ? ha-
tograph the ueekul SeMet
tanks.. and ruined buddiags
around ? -the Killing, barracks
stronghold( ? and i was. about . to
take oat her-camera when a"
'seri* saw some, one else. amp-
ping a:nicturo The man, appar-
ently aHugarian, was killed on
the, ;,spet,; The woman was
earthed, but tleteonlerS.,'dial-
gling,Yat her breast, escaped
tieteetlon*,;::'
Two daya. age' nee
occasional 'horeitsdirelpit-Itagons
driving into . %VW', erteatesn-
ments carmine. A.4dostany or. two
rifles confiscated trent the Pop-
ulation, but it is llotibtful that
the disarming of the ifurigerlaris
will be accomplished very. soon.
? ?grey, House" Armed
?
"Every house has weapons."
ono matt told me on the Street
Wednesday morning. -lie "noticed
the American -flag, armband on
my companion and-fearieSsly
came? unite, proclahr his anti-
Soviet. -sentiments. An. "
ressingly large. coved of. twenty
to thirty ; instantly ? ? rforroed
around' ins to second the MOM'S
declaration. , ? .
.Many' of the troops the 'Rue-
slams have sent into BudaPeat
are slit,kgerli: Itighelieek-boned
Mongolians from AMA'S: distant
outer reaches. They stare with
littl0 apparent comprelienSion at
the people-they .are
according to briefings they have
received -from like Fascists.'
Some of the troops are amiable
enough. ?
One stared into tholittle Ger-
man Volkswagen In winch thts
reporter was riding to Vienna
Sunday and rernarke.Ci pleasantly
on ita,,ensums. Itrwega, modest
ear:?. indeed ';:tri
arda but clearly a treasure to
him,
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Approved For RisaWaW.200819EtillearkIRDP78-02771R000200380002-4
Article 8. The Contracting Parties declare that they
will act in a .spirit of friendship and. cooperation
.with a view to further developing and fostering
.economic and cultural intercourse with one another
each adhering to the principles of respect for the
independence and sovereignty of the others and. non-
interference in their internal affairs. (Warsaw
Pact, Wai7sT1-47-14 May 1955, Pravda, 15 May 1955.)
the two_governthents,proceeded from the following
principles: indivisibility of peace, upon which col-
lective security can alone rest; reciprOcal respect
for the sovereignty, independence, territorial
integrity and eCluality of states in their relations
with one another and with.other states; recognition
and promotion of peaceful co-existence among nations,
regardless of ideological differences or differences
of social system, which presumes cooperation by all
states in the sphere of international relations in
'general, and in the sphere of economic and cultural
relations in particular; mutual respect for, and non-
interference in, one another's internal affairs for
whatever reason, whether of an economic, politfeal or
ideological nature, inasmuch as questions of internal
organization, difference of .social systems and difference
in the concrete forms of sodialist development are
exclusively the concern of the peoples of the respective
countries; ... condemnation of all aggression and of
all attempts to subject other countries to political
or economic domination (Belgrade Declaration,
2 June. 1955, Pravda, 3 .June 1955,- Declaration of the
Governments oT-76776.--USSR and the Federal People's
Republic of Yugo61avia)
In the. light of the prospects opened up by the relaxa-L
tion of international tension already achieved, both
Governments devoted attention to the danger that
might. arise from local conflicts and friction between
states. They expressed. their firin intention to assist
in removing this danger, both through the United
Nations and through their di/3ect relations with other
countries. They will continue to abide by the prin-
ciple that the legitimate interests of all nations .
and their right to 'independent national development
must be recognized.
... The governments of the two countries have reaffirmed
their adherence to the policy of peaceful and active
co-existence based om the principles of sovereignty,
independence, territorial integrity, non-aggression,
equality, mutual respect and non-interference in in-
ternal affairs. This policy -6T7M-776117-77F-57673F?EYeated
by strengthening and consolidating all-round co-
operation between countries, regardless of difference
in social, economic, and political systems. (Moscow
Declaration, 20 June 1956, Pravda, 21 June 1956, Jolnt
Statement of the Governments'of the USSR and. the
Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in,Connection
with the State visit to the Soviet Union of President
JosiP'Bron Tito of the FPRY.)
14
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. .
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kipleis Hungary Drive
, ,Tkis ir:flie third ,ot e reties'
'ot?urtic/es by . Rarr.ett.:.racOura.;
1Ye20 York Hera .?rite,
resliondent, teftor.teas' trapped fa
antiapest f)7, .the Soviet:and/at ,
,ri? week non and Wm not ..per- I,
Intitfed to leave until Stitt/lay. Ifg ,
lierote this report after drrivilzpi
1in Viennk.; , ? '
., By Et4tteit 741C Gtnn.
rrOf"..,
?
VIENNA. NeY..,. 'tll.,,34,4The
'credible brItil WI which
.rfousta, -11ft.4.? put deWit the.rtntle-
oenclenee'tinnvenitiik:C: Jae its.
ttimgarian satellite.: hati to be
seen- to ,,he believed,. Pesv more
shooting act.S. Of. imperialism 817e
recorded in Itistory's 'pages. ?
?-What happened is all the.
loom difficult to believe becawse!
iit follaweit-eo Mery Years Otaoaive props.
f'
ganda tigseribing
.the Russians'
.0latiterp,
satellifes as.
kapp y : -an d
".equill:. socialist"'
Bilked
eficerfullY.Orro,1.
arm In a,tnititar.y
alliance defend-
itself *Rapist
the threat ;:el
Weetent : UMW*
and Of the United Mcf; urn
States; . , ? ,_
'When .ttie " monient .of :truth
eamvitiere In the. las.toveck the
litieSiana :closed a won of steel
arcansd'ItungetrY, Cut or- C07111-.
MUDACIONIS,, Made,"vietnat prls-
oneratof the 100 Western cor4.
respondent*, In the,Colmt.ry and
then Jnit; tilta scremilef. heat?
ilecelve the:caitside world about
what was gotug on.t,
:Var. sortie ,ireason beat. known
40'490 ;Soviet ;itoltey 'Makers the
Watteris .corratamitimits Wore
thlailast Week
vorlittam it; ,deference to
'world ...Putilte opinFn?
Extraordinary (Yrielty.
The story ran now he Jold:..".
The , Russians': behaved :wIth
fottraerdieart ertielty,' pounding
,heiplems city witti rannori; fire
for four days. blocking 'efforts to
kend medical aid and to relieve
%seinen and childmt,. put re-
organizing' the appe,rattis !of
terror, that has toniiietited the
Illingariant for a decade' and
row :seems likely to torture thern
TYV,W. ,
The
ln'Rlovirt
tanka. OMPIOTIhE
of truce and of
move Into era
whelming nositiowat of
the la* and ietlibt AMMO 2.
"
? Ott of Action at Start
One Westerner- reported',
"Whew the Soviet tanks left
Budapest two .eek.% ,ogn. fol-
lowed theta, They didol,,,go. far.
'ritroeIf4,0.17od.Tiiede:rectotihte 44mikversittei
Ai ,
rags.- The Busigarlati Air, Porce
saw thellags, believed theni. and
let the 'tanks crone. Wheru:the
got to ?the edge of;the.litid the
';Iliags IUWn rus and castles-- the Riuslans
tank 4 8iii3uitTtti sal,?tbasthetifourtt:datiLii the ta
?emu_ of the'AMexkan and other /egia-
mantling , the say: ticdis rang with, ultifut'eppeala
?El YOU don't li tt. wriat are i from , the ,totiPelleati ?derekitlers.
You going to :do abetat 1t.?1 asking when United .klatIons aid
? Wheitthe monad round /..,:tarted would arrive , and warning, "We
the., ftnissittits had evens Hon., cap hold out only two hours
Rarlan- obvert Inclerfed.-., The longer" or 'Toys, of ten aro
Iftinvirlan Air Fbrce, .loyal to manning guns" and the defense
Hungary and 'ready, nerordtim to mulct not go' on much More,
accounts. to fight the ti.. ()gemstone/1Y the Pliollern re-
Oen ankenAticailY ported, ,as lu tlie;; (101 of the
out of action from the first inn- owners,/ and factory operators.
meet: ' There was 'some,, evidence
IWAIltge-Flatt Treachery other nussianS expected to And
erg by
lig An
'Westerners
,Brid tee- t e olwi*t40
ned
fts4 the West h the
"er to Iliptilawk were .1t &ornun-
- over- readr..,EverY WonPolt. xceptr the
atornici-l-that was /fat unveiled
-was on hand for the lob,: the
lob of beating the :sebeilionis
alingarian, satellite back Into
-subjection. .
POND Of Ten '14t Gum,
?In the face of Wall, the Hun-
garians did not quail The Ras,
,sians ineyer hesitated. Wherever
they met resistance---iii a movie
theater where cornniunin-hat-
mi
heroee? and i.,.berolites, held
out, ,Sri tWileasit, atations,.i in old
Tit*, udaPestMpert.sptode,: title ,United.. States Aiint* facing
Was #Jot the only. one:. wtire
ciolatibn of the iwtiltie flag of
truce was reported. One an-
guished Hungarian called on
foreign. legation .to say Abet
Hungarian Arnly! t'ecrilibi holed
up ln 'the Paul ittnita? hartack3
IlL Budapest gave In) thetir
arms.. ffre against the Rhaffatui
when adVaneirlit.troolis raised I
White banner, When the trCitipi
got inside they shot dosens?with.
a sudden: burst of lovemyguns,
them in the streets of Budapest.
When soine.prthe correspond-,
mitt were -,',,craititogoationeil. at
' Soviet heedifittgteut lure get-
ting l)Pim.I534, Ye the:
eoWflly, Li
-that
an effort bad, bean Matig,ao Jae,.
gotlate cealle-111:44**4-Olot
the bes. icged wernertandlofentS,
but that the Russians. had der
Mauled- too., high aprice -a
general, fayina down of, arms.
'YOUth
, "it I ever Meet those Tiusslans
on the, battlefield,: Ell.knoW hew
to treat their white.flags4!!,one
nillitarWettpeidenced WeSterater
fumed... ;helplessly. ? ITU .101004
first AMC And :out later What
their.Irdssion. was."
AS ut Atorafie .)4/*aporitt-
The. Ittigalans. took the nue%
omen and children of Buda-:
a, on ;for the decisive 'second
turn only after every .PhYsteitt,
cithi was stacked in their favor.
Moral 'cards- epinieri,in
Rungary-4yere few orartiaiiria,
hut the physical ones were
itreeen lie We of lqrle.
The fight; the Corviii hiforra.:,
t43 said,. asaolngon, Wftli the
wontrit: and childreo still in the
. line of fire.
Pour days of endtess
machine-worming' and
rifle fire shaking Buditisest front
one end to the i Other finally was
enough. .Buristitest Citizens could
he seen, freezing in. their traCksi
, as Soviet' street corner .4mards,
shouted the order" ,-to holt,
Language *, was no problem,
The Soviet troopS .rtisiched the
left hand forward and then
slashed it suddenly down in an
uninistalrable command to. stool
Soviet patrols of eleven began
combing , buildings. . As they
climbed the stairs a tank sat in
front of It, its two machine guns.
arid its,cannon ready to Wow out
the windows' and 'cave in ? the
walls if reSiStrince.siloWvi itself
Hoodreds. f.boiRtiogs. Are now
so marked. Many without ever,
having shown a hint cif resist,',
snipe.
. ,
The Emorrord Rolonfled .
'The'
-. nAouni!li.eatiniaO?.:ci:'.! f,000 ;; ta,'nks'
Even the basic 'rides if war
five were violated aa the Rust- '
jiTIkeY
isiams ' clrove their "ecenrade" itie71BadTta .114
per4;.Th
itl?r:ii:g'iriltli the
,11_1.tr_ll,ite.....4_a_cl....1x.! t,.11;?!....,,kne,f8.2! whole country; by reliablle. report,
il.?,1.!,. T"'-?1,42ut; 11"."1"1" ''' n''' there were I inn,th
1..rwesa1,011!IltiCe thi. end of WoriC,Ii., vi..tb..., 1-27.:.11.3"-tri-.! ?-?,c0,111.17Y17cto^ot: t?':;::130kos
.Wes.terfters ? Tellort"1 :.'rig to fifteen-thinkers. and even n
IBed ? emr,E., ambuttlicei' ecacii-
,
v 0.1,11 giant .14040113:: :ti)
tweni yton tanks and 4,100 ,ten
1
Ing al'Ie4uned Itu.s:...1"? vil4 no mak lOngrranie.' arttltery,
'oonnel in the Ilist round. off. the ;vne EtwAshina;had all the tieCek-
ill.;.faterlifi'istireect.404'whOl'ULM'14arS, SlipplieM: an4 e4t111)ThePt
,
garlan pixtiltits-monientarily ?llot
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15
lonal::arinbands
.int. the streets Ioolf ilm, a. ,
,rititet. "Part of the: filre rititIart-
merit has ?btlen, murdered hi tic'
cemetery," "They ye,- rounding
op evert unarmed meh.vow and
deporting : them on trains, ,,the
same -as happened in A.9.45. and
patriots fired int Olat tuthi Me.
thitt,last night to by stip it,,*.*
Hospital staffs '..thltt tale of
fright: .'"The. SOviels uotd Dot
let suppiies,! get : thrOug'hi,;.
faurtli just :Wed to death; ? they ,
...AY111d:Yiettl.claellaiberete itTledth'!e
were not rilonaten; met face- tto
. many of thO?. who
Pulled ; the , triggers- were
' frightened and even amiable,' itis
their victims. Talks with- then)
indicat.eil that. many :were Prill-
(mere of tbe seine sort, 0U:tying
propaganda the Soviet ,itedtteli
ere busily spreadingt,l'entaida
the sealed frontiers, ef RWLgarY.?
A:imitates About Nears Mei
!Mc insurrection, a firings of
allicers, explained salmi* to
Western newspaper tOrP.11. eit0iide
the ';Russian continent:I. post
Saguendn:Y.,;(1V.,;;;;17.r.t17!';;.;krir-
. grinib'Vbt; ,
tuiinstions: ?you
make? 'Ilow -110 ? MS your
father make?" Your.
Miner?" "Are yon'i,k,'Conumi-;'.
nlet?".;. *What tie you think Qt.
'what went on here?" And in :one
caoci : .have 'Information
from Hungarians that :you com-
mitted esPiepage, against ? the
Soviet Array, Tell us in detail
whorre vett 'contacted arid we
may Jet?. you,', go?", ,
The tholight:That ttle people.
f: Hungary might hate ? risen,
tip in revoit because ten years
of Communism lied become 'un-
bearabIo, and, that Western
iewspaper hact-. comc:. to
port: , thetilith if the: reit
thrall' "'other' cenSideratloOs
Soviet
questioners completely., ?
200380002-4
. ,
Approved Fosecqgcle MitLynttitNOIAtlarE)M-92771R0002003800024
L
??
It is convinced that respect for the sovereign 0:0ts.
of nations and promotion of international coopei*?01
in keeping with the spirit of the tiMes and on the. ,
basis of equality and non-interference in the cit4stie'
affairs of nations, are cardinal factors in strengOen'
itg international confidence and ensuring firmHpedOepH
among the peoples. (Soviet GovernmentstatementHOt?
:
Suez Canal question, Pravda, 10 Auguat. 1956). ! '
The principle of peaceful coexiStence4 friendShi:
and cooperation among all statesjiave Always been
and still form the unshakable foundation of thefOreign..
relations of the USSR. This policy finds its m8st,
profound and consistent expression ip the relationship
with socialist countries. United by the.commorGidedl
of building a socialist society and the principlesOf:
proletarian internationalism, the countries of the
great commonwealth of socialist nations can buiI(I).L
their relations on the principle of Pull equality',:,
respect of territorial integrity; state independence
and sovereignty, and noninterference in one anoth0
domestic affairs.... The Soviet Government consiStent.Ty:.
puts into practice these historic decisions of theh:
20th Congress, which create conditions for the further
strengthening of friendship and Cooperation betWOn:::
socialist countries on the inviolablel-basis of iii4i0:ta'iinin'E
the complete sovereignty of each socialist
Believing that the further presence of 'Soviet.Aryunifs,
in Hunghry can serve as a cause for even greater .
deterioration of the situation, the Soviet GovernMpnte
has given instructions to its military command *w_tti-.
draw :the Soviet Army units from Budapest as soonlaS' this%
is recognized as necessary by the Hungarian Goyern*n.
At the same time the Soviet Governments ready tOHen0,1.
into relevant negotiations with the Gpvernment Pi"jhe'H
Hungarian People's Republic and otherHparticipantS6f:L
the Warsaw Treaty on the question of the presence of 1:-
Soviet troops on the territory of Huntary. (Mobd64.e
Soviet Home Service, 30 October 1956;1:ec1aratiOtG0f1,
the USSR Government on the basis of the ? developMe4t:ana.
further strengthening of friendship 1p0 cooperatbetWee.
?
the Soviet Union and other Socialist :States.) ,
The statesmen.of the Soviet Union and 15elgium e#10essed,'
their agreement that relations between'countriduW
be built on the principles of mutual respect for ter-
ritorial integrity and sovereignty, nonaggression, .
noninterference in the internal affairs of'otherr?POWim
tries as well as on the principle of peaceful coexist-
ence and economic coope2ation with mutual advantages
In mind. (Moscow, Soviet Home Service, 2, Novembel4719564
16
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LVININSOR
piu\i 12 1956
VIENNA, 'Nov, IL 'faiPl.esThe fIit American
newsman out of Budapeef Since the Ititaildart Onslaught
? last Streday reported that the eity is "fat more bat
tered, far more desperate" than it was after the Soviet
siege of World War H. He said doctors estimate as
many as 1.2,000 dead;
Leal ie Baltegh-Bain, Hungarian s born staffer of the
North Aniesican Newspaper Alliance, said the initial
Soviet attiela was so swift that Cardinal Miedszehty
escaped from Parliament House to sanctuary in the
SII':.:arrYirli only moments before the Russians
seized the braiding and the government of Premier
Nagy. ? ?
Balleghialin said the Soviets shot Nagy 's Defense
Minister. Mat. Gen. Pal. elaleter, who tr,,as a rebel hero
irsthe first asset, of the revolt.
. . ; ?S *
THE DiSSSIANS TTIIINED the city Into a slaugh-
terhoese, Lailogh-flainseadds ?
"The Russian pulley was It gun, ah ouse,'" he said.
? ; .
"If a shot was fired from a house, they destroyed the
house. Every part of the city Was blasted."
said six foreign diplomatic missiongwere
fired on, including three Communist legations. One
Yugoslav diplomat, was killed,
The British and French legations were under fire,
he said, but apparently no one was hurt.
"As a ?matter of fact, one single bullet pierced the
front side of the American legation, he added. "It was
our proudest. souvenirs"
* I *
BACLOGIVRAIN SAID American correspondents
at the Dina (Danutee Hotel made their way to the
legation on Sunday, Five wives of diplomats in the
building did the cooking for all.
' "We moved fairly freely around the city during
daylight hours," he sold,
lie Ohms e d that duripg the desperate battle for
the Kilian Barracks, a ehildree's hospital was in the
line of Russian fire arid wit ptdverized despite ap-
, ,
peals from the hospital to the Soviet Embassy.
"I, saw the bodies of the little, children?about 300
?lined up on the ground outside the remains of the
hospital," he said. -
* * ?
TEIE NEWSMAN said fighting occu red all ovser
the city, well, past larit Wednesday when It was
re-
ported to have died down.
"It would break out suddenly and vanish suddenly.
Short, snappy battles" he said. "The major holdouts
are over now. There 'is nothing but partisan warfare
now, but that is deadly enough.
Daillegliaala saki he left Saturday and managed
to get through three Cosies roadblocks.
"The fourth attested me, he said. I had to spend
a night In a barracks, .at Tata, just northwest of
Budapest.
"This morning they let me go ahd there was no
further ti' ii' un am call
: it trouble te have dozens of ma,
chineguns pointed at you every
time you look al ound:'
Gutted Tanks And i
Unburied Bodies
(William Krasser, a Reuters
(British) News Agency Corres-
' pondent, stranded in revohltion.
torn Budapest, describes via Pro
ternational News Service the
'stark tragedy of an heroic people
fighting against inSurrnountable
'odds.)
By Will KRASSEK
VIENNA, Nov. 11 (INS'. --, I
returned today from a lost week
amidst the horror of hunger,
blasted buildings, gutted tanks
?arid unburied bodies that is Buda-
pest
TIlEeNCSIOSANT din of gun- !
fire boorggin :thy gar* and still 1 !
hear Please of rebel fighters:
"You must tell the world VI
you have seen end what we
are doing."
Russian tanks rumbled through
,?the streets firing at everyone in
sight. Whenever tire Itussiaris
weer at by Insurgents who
fired from windows or roof s,
they replied by destroying whole
blocks of houses held k y tire
patriots.
* *
IT WAS 'ESTIMATED that the
Russians had at It le divi-
sionsl Hungary, 12 ermosed di.
visions and two or three motor,
ized infantry divisions with self-
propelled light and heavY guns:
. Tho past two days the Rm-
.' slaws have been making house.
to.liouse searchers for insur-
gents. But it is reported that
very few Insurgents surren.
"Jetted or were found hiding.
I drove through many parts
of Budapest during the past
'days and hardly saw a !single
house that was riot damaged,. The
streets and trentrileit were 'Wet eti
' With broken glass and broken
trolley lines hung ba festoons,
, Lamp posts toppled near burnt
out Russians Mulct.
Hundreds of bodies, S(11110 half- '
burned, still lay re la ere t hey
had fallen.
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SO,VIET MILXTVIY
,.
i ?;,,
-,,k;. _,, It is is well known ,... that .the Soviet-UniOn.... thrgatens
no pne, and. 2Tioe.27 not intend toattack anyone...:''
(Konev, Krasnaya Zvezda; 23 February 1956?SOyietArmY
and Navy Day Article.) ,
1 ,
.,. The Soviet Union has neverl,and :never Will threaten
anyone at any time.? She qasineVer attacked anyone,
nor does she intendto attack.,.. (i/otrilistrOv, Krasnatra
Zvezda 24:PlarCh 1955.
?
_
? The 86Viet. Arniyi.s,a powerful bulwark of peace
and friendship among the peoples of all tountries.
Selflessly defending its own Motherland, it ifhe
Soviet Ar47 regards with respect the ,-rights and
independence of other nation , many of'whichowe their'
Liberation from fascist enslavement to our 2The Sovieg
people and their .
?
_
The Soviet PeOnIe areTa:06466:16Vinpl: people. Ad'-----
cord.ing to its nature predatory aigs Of any kind are
alien-to.our government; It.Lthe Soviet government
has neither attacked nor threatened anyone nor wil
it .threafen anyone. The wars which the Soviet.-govern-
merit,:has.had .o conduct were :brought' about by the,,
necessity.of defending the Socialist Motherland. and
wereftherefore just wars, (SOkoloysky, Izvesti
23 February 19540 36th Anniversary Sovie Armec. (Drees.)
... The might- of:our armed .forces is indisputable. .
However, they threaten no one With attack. The -
Soviet people and the Communist arty have confronted
the Army and. Navy with an honorable tasX: to stand
guard vigilantly over the peace and security of our.
Motherland. -
,
Expressing? the will and aspirations of the people,1.
directing: their efforts toward a further upsurge of'
the wdll-being of the working people, the Communist'
Party and Soviet Government, as previously, firmly
and. consistently pursue a policy of peace and of ,
Soviet socialiSt. society, in which there areAlo.claSsts
Interested in war.. It,is,based.on,respect for:the
rights and indepandenoe of all peoples, large and.
(Sokolovsky, Izvestlia, 9 May 1954, VE
'Day Article.)
... The aggression of foreign-territories .and the sub-
jugation of other nations are aims which.: are alien to
our 7-Ehe SOviet .(Vasilevsky, Krasnaya
7vet. 9 May 1956, V-E
Immediately after the victory of theGreat,October,
' Socialist Revolution it 2the gomMunist Partg,began
to create the Soviet Army-,7a new type of army, an
army of liberated workers and peasants-, an army of
friendship and (Zheltovl Pravda,
23 February 195., 36th Anniversary -Soviet Armed Forces.),
Comradest The Soviet Union does pot threaten anyone
and,does not intend to ,attack (Zhukov,
'Pravda,' 20 February 1956, Speech at 20th Party Congress.)
18
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?:1
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CHICAGO DAILY NEWS
Nov. 10, ...
Eyewitness Story: Battle of Budapest
300 Russ Tanks, Cars K.O.d
By Molotov Cocktails: Refugee
(An anti.Communist member of Hungary's first post.
war Parliament was the first person to reach,Austria with
as eyewitness account of the fighting in Budapest' this
week. He has written this report under an alias because
his mother is still in Budapest).
BY RLER FERER
VIENNA, Austria -- The Red army has met its
match In Budapest. It is the Molotov cocktail, wielded by
fatalistic anti-Communists who have learned to aim like
'baseball pitchers.
As long as there are old
bottles, gesoline and raga to
serve for fuses, no Russian
tank will be safe in the streets
of my nation's capital.
? *
THE RIG question when I
? ?
?
left Budapest two days ago
THE FIGHT this week de.
was how long the will to fight veloped on four fronts. There
,can hold out,
was practically no resistance
Much of our once baud- when the Russians sent their
ful city lies in ruin. But tanks and armored cars into
every remaining doorway is the city just after midnight
a possible hiding place now, Sunday because the move was
every alley an escape route, too sudden.
Strafing Jets, heavy artil. But well over 5,000 free-
lery, tanks and armored cars dem fighters quickly urns.
are like nothing against the
shadow war of our freedom
fighters. This is the kind of
war being waged when I drove
out of Budapest with a special
foreign ministry pass that got
me by the Soviet roadblock.
tared inside a number of
strongly points like Kilian
hamlets and buildings
throughout the city and on
the outskirts of Budapest.
Sunday afternoon, the Rus-
sians went after these for..
first front of bat.
tie. Russian Jets strafed them
with machine-gun and cannon
fire and spotted them for ar-
tillery. Tanks moved in for a
closeup kill.
? ? ?
BUT the rebels for a long
time showed no signs of break-
ing, and on Monday Russian
heavy artillery opened .uti from
the old Nazi gun emplacements
on Gellert Hill. Still the patri-
ots held out, and when the
shooting got too rough they
moved on to another building.
All the while' snipers con-
trolled the streets from the
upper floors of their make-
shift fortresses.
Tanks moved in, but they
had to keep their hatches
closed because of the sharp.
shooters. This sniper battle
was the second front.
? ? ?
THE THIRD front was the
war in the narrow streets
where men with the simple but
effective Molotov cocktails
went after the tanks.
Wounded revolutionaries
with whom I talked shortly
before I left told me they
had accounted for 360 Rus-
sian tanks and ears.
The Russians' only defense
against the gasoline throwers
could be infantry patrols to
clean out the streets and
houses. But in a neat bit ol
strategy.; the snipers made the
Russians afraid to bring in
their infantry.
? * ?
STILL, the Russians have so
many tanks and planes . that
the big resistance centers like
Kilian barracks had to break
up, one after anothec, until all
that was left was hit-and-run
guerrilla action.
This phase of the battle?
the fourth front ? was on
when I left.
Men and boys moving in
small bands would shoot and
run, all the time glancing hack
over their shoulders -- vainly
hoping for help that never
came.
Wash. Daily News
NO4 ti 1956
'Women Scieamed liwn Night'
By GEORGE CLIIIVIED
Washington Daily News Mort Correstanident
'WENN& Austria, Nov. 6?A Hungarran rebel who fled the border town
of Sopron, Hungary, Sunday night told me today that Russian panzer
troops had arrested all men in the town between the ages of 16 and 40.
He said that the captives were being transported to Russia.
Sopron is the town where a small body of rebels made a desperate last
stand against the Russians Sunday.
When I left Sopron minutes before the Russian spreaheads entered,
hundreds of university students lined the curbs, vowing to fight to the
death.
Most of the women and children had already been evacuated to the
countryside.
A few of the women stayed with their husbands and walked thru the
snow-covered hills to the Austrian border.
1 1 By Sunday night, the rebel Hungarian guards had been replaced by
pro onitnunists, and all thru the night, screams could be heard across
the border in Hungary, presumably from women who were refused perl
mIsslon to KM Into friendly territory.
,
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3
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,
The Red Army in no ease prevents the ,11J;eratedPeOp
from living their live* on their lands as they see fit:
(Izvestirt) 11 .July 1945.)
There can be no Contradiction between the composition
of,the,armed forees of- our socialist state and ..he
political objective* of war, because the very nature
of the socialist state excludes, the ossibilit that:,
it would waze unjust wars; inten e to harm- he pooPle-.
,(Vbennaya Mysl, The:Problem of Interrelation of Man
and Technique in, Military Affairs, July 1946.).
The Soviet.UnienTs policy towards the vanquished,
countries hap succeeded and could not but succeed,
because it did not make any selftshoalculations
whatsoever in regard to ,the vanquished peoples, it
didenot strive either overtly.oxecovertly, to force
Germany or it fOrmer allito'serve any Interests
alien to them. (Tarle, as quoted'cin Trud, 23 October
1952.)
The great strength of the patriotism of the Qemmunists
lies in the fact that their defence of national inde-
pendence:of countries does not contradict but combines
with their struggle forfriendship between peoples,
for: durable and close friendly relations with the
peoples of the democratip camp, headed by the great
Soviet:tnion. In this Is. exprepsed.the unity and
indivisibility of the nationaliand international tasks
of the working class of the varipup countries at the
present ,state. Patriotismethus combines,with,the
principle of proletarian internationalism. (Pravda,
28 Febrilary.1953.)
The,SovieteBulgarian Treaty is, a serious factor for
the strengthening of peace in EurOpe. Speaking at
the signing of this Treaty, comrade V. M. Molotov
declared: This yreaty is based on respect for-the
principles of. State) Independence and national sovereIgnt;
and serves the causp)or-s-trengthening,democrattc peace
and security in Eulope. (Izvestiya, 18 March 1953.) e
... The strength of the Soviet: Army consists in that
it is an army of a-new and higher type, and, really a
peoples-1. army, which. protect the interests of the
working class, the freedom and the indkpendence of,
Spcialist nations. Wated, in the spirit of inter-
nattpnalim and in the spirtt of preserving, and ,
strengthening the friendship and peacesmong peoples,
our Lithe 'Sovieg Army harcountleSs friends in all
parts of the world....e(Izvestiya, 23 February 1954,
.Armed Forces Day Editorial.
The Army of the Soviet Government from the first
day of its exietence was educated and is educated
. by the Communist Party in the spirit pf proletarian
internationalism, and inthe spirtt of respect for
the rights, freedom and independence of the peoples
of all countries.... -Theepeople of the world love
he Soviet Army: because it Is an army of liberators,
an army of friendship and. brotherhogd aMong people.
(Nrasnaya 2vetda? Editorial, 5 November 1954.) :4-
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THE Errattwo STAR, ;Vas- ilinfit011, C.
Tereinelf,' stellittilefi... 1:3' .1333
HungaryChildrenOuhviti
Reds to Destroy Tanks
115$ E541.11 BeLOirsit RAIN
fir,41 h Amirrkerr Nearspriorm Alklanc. Mf. eerie who escapee Owe iludepese
VIIINNA. Nov. I3,?It was: to %Ones Simko, leeks beck on the
Wet? f obie smog
sickening to watch the crunching' ee t the peat wee*
of Budepesee senile
Soviet, tanks destroy Budapest,
but it was inspiring to be taught A Soviet Cbeinfertirld me, "In
the power of human courage by , war we know where is bee enemy.,
!here we are sleet at teem
the men. men, women and children of iwtiere. No wonder Our soldiers
Hungety. 'Panic and sheen," ?
In the suburb el Ujpest last , But this Is not the full truth,
Friday I watched children out- 'Thirty elationallets Surrended on
wit tanks. Strings were tied to
a frying pan and pulled into the;
path of an appeoaching Soviet
tank,. Fearing a mine, the driver
stopped, whereupon other kids'
threw mud, blinding the tank
lookouts.
Flaming gasoline bottles fin-
ished the job. "This "game" cost
the Soviets seven tanks in Ujpest.
Wherever ? there was food,.
thousands fought their way into
lines. Occasionally a few fighters
[appeared to replenish their food
supplies and
line opened to, immediately the
,tning, ion my hUsband to the
' let thennbeentete r -
;even ahead of Mothers and Russians in ; the,First4orld War. wounded.
,Now they have Sun t 'notieliStiel
I heard one Mother shout. 'my grandson is ht a [al
'"You heroes are titan meth us." 'prison. camp."
A most moving tribute to the Pointing tq a gaping hole en
fighters is being paid by the the wall behind her she added,
peasants who have carted their e"that was My home."
produce into the cite and dis- A young minister who had at.
tributed it free on, stteet corners, (tended the dying for days said.
One afteenoon I counted six can't stand it any longer. I
trucks with signs indicating must get into it, even though the
where the food came from, church banishes me. I can't
handing out provisions. Citi-jwatch these brave kids around [
eens then passed them o to me dying and not dp something."
the fighters,
Feher Nebo street Friday ond
were all machine-gunned.
City Seem; Deemed
The once beautiful city of
Budapest seems doomed.. for the
Russians can't win without, de-
stroying it coMpletely. In the
cold fall air, smoke rises from
burning buildings and from
countless bonfites in the ruins
of apartment house courtyards
where dazed, homeless families
huddle among their few remain-
ing n9sgessinns.
One glassy-eyed old woman'
told me "now they have every-
He perfectly expressed the
Across the street- from the mood of all Hungarians, and, in
Franciscan Church, largest in sorne degree, the fru NOV 1956stration of
world.
?&T. Tines
NUV I 5 1956
HUNGARIAN REBELTELLS OF TORTURE
.11.taria
Senate Inquiry Hears Some
Soviet Troops Refused to
FigitrUntil *Terrorized'
Iftrm.1.011MINIMOMPROP.+0
VASHINCITON. Nov. 14 flP)--
fugitive leader of the Hun-
-gratimi revolt testified today that
Mask Menden soldiers had "re-
fueed to fight us," but finally
had been "terrorized" into turn..
big their guns against the rebels.
Some of the Rumbas fired cm
their comrade*, the mysterious
7040$ Witness told the Senate
Inter* Security subcommittee
ist a lesb.110 hearing.
_But he said the Soviet Union
SAC sat'. in new and tougher
trZstoln$ two Mongolian
di , who had "terrorized"'
the others. .
2
The teatiMeny was given by a
31-year-old student refugee. liii
face Was concealed with a white
gauge surgical mask and he used
the assumed name of Istvan
Lando to avoid being recognized
by the Russians and possibly ev.
peeing relatives still in Hungary
to Soviet Vengeance.
SOW Torture Chambers
Mr. Lamlo said he had seen
:torture chambers in which the
"Soviet-led Hungarian secret po-
lice had crushed victims to death,
!tortured others and burned some
'boclies in a, ereniaeory.
He made a bietirre figure MI
fib's mask and a hospital orderly's
White cotton cap that he wore
to hide his "distinctive" hair. He
_
Week Pest
6
Budapest, the Russian soldier the whole civilized
,had looted a delicatessen, lige?
Istore and camera shop. Over-
Inight large placards covered the
[entrances:
f "This operation was carried
,out by our Russian allies. We
shall not forget their heroic
deed."
Snipers in adjoining buildings
;got every Russian who tried to
remove the placards until tanks
'moved in and reduced all the
surrounding buildings to rubble
and turned the street into a
slaughter house.
Mother Stain by Sharpshooter
A mother with a bleeding 6-
year-old child in her arms ran
from her doorway. A Parting
shot from R Soviet sharpshooter
dropped her in her tracks.
In this war without rules or
reason or mercy one Russian
patrol would let you 'pass and
the next shoot at you. One man
at; a pass to cross the Lenchid
? Bridge and as he arrived at the
ether side he was machine-
gunned,
spoke sWIftij' but calmly in Hun-
an. Mille Malian Low, a
Cliff, College student, trans-
lated. ?
Mr. "Lesslo said he anti some
Others had fled Hungary with
Mrs. Anna Kethly, a member of
-the Imre No.gy revolutionary
cabinet, and had flown with her
to the United States on, Nov. 5,
he. wanted to tell his
story to the eInitedeNatione
be-
eaune ete believe the Utlited Na-
ions first, and the 'United Statea
second, would be able to :force
the Russians to leave elongary,
if not with arms, then with
moral strength."
"We do not want fascism and
we do not want the prereVorld
War II Goverement back?we
want freedom and democracy,"
Mr; Laszlo said. He added that
eliangariana did not want to be
linked to any bloc."
Mr. Laszlo said he had com-
manded a, unit of 5,000 sketchily
armed rebels in his home county
of Sopron although he had had
only two raontlis of military
training as "a hot soldier"
while a univenety Student.
Early in ,the reyolution, Mr.
neeeto said, "'time Russian
troops which were in the country
then were on the side of the
rebels and agreed with them,"
He said many Soviet soldiers
had "refused to fight us" and
had asked the Nagy Government
for asylum. ?
In Budapest, he related, an
officer got out of his tank with
a white flag and gave the tank
to the rebels. .
Also in Budapest, Mr. Laszlo
said, the lead tank in a Soviet
column moving down a. broad
boulevard "turned its guns on
the tank behind it and shot at
his comrades."
Die-Hard Rebels
Fight on Despite
certain Doom
By Waiter T. Bidder
? Ridder rublierdiont
VIENNA, Nov. 5?Red Cross officials-ite ennbattled Budapest
Informed American authorities here today the't their headquare
ters and a hospital have been burned dOWir:bY Russian troops
and that Red Cross nurses are being Stint 'tendeath.
exclusively to this correspond. pest calling. please pass on to
rut the text of a frantic radio (relieve. Red Cross emblem
message whieh Budapest Red violated. Our heaenuarters has
Cross asked be relayed to Red been learned down, Youngehoys
Cross International ticadquar, and girls carryieg guns. Old
ters at Geneva. men and rn
woen fighting. Poo-
The text of the message? pie are barricaded in streets
and in houses. 'nevery house
fighting, no houses giving up.
Fires throughout city, e'en in
Officials at the United State s' -
Legation here made available IS Red C"ss Buda'
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'OCI.2 9494
22
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? ? .
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IWO
Stoneman Predicts lets Polf,cy
Of Treachery Will toornerant, .
. ,
BY WILIAAK:D.;TONKMAN
Doily News Foreian Saralee
.,?;: ;-, ; 1;
VIENNA, Austria Retribution may be.
seine: time in coming.
But
was pr per eent,unanlinityjo
Vienna, lk,llenday Vial-, the, ,treacherous and .in-
credibly savage ,b1;1 .,z launched . against ?the
filtingarian people by 1,000 Russian to1-14 .
Sunday would be as ?cks9,01Y ii its f?Pg.7Y,TIT
? .
Corisequences fer theRtissians.as Hitler's rape
of Czechoslovakia was for
r,e.pc,rAed?; to be in profttglii theKur-
a ta..
gartan capital . apd )n sable partt,fa laa:entintryside,
Opt it, wai cinMthrid WO' time. 'A*, 1h?
Itaasiaris.:WOOK.Ar;. OrtiOlute ? moMM. of the e.34,pt 1
Milt-Oyan who
One reasolt'r *Nei, n little to be *:41:vadTol4tevIk '1111.tt.
aias ,itnown ahoul artw4. de, a- WetOelrn ettri4ude"...a.;00 ? ilia
'lor?nia wa OfilitOta State "aolate.lor: the withdraw/ lot
ociadanierat had ioahatied ,ita all ::their farces from I' im-
rachtt:siatiam in the ',Budapest garY.
Iegationatarly; this yearms *; ?
:economy pleasure., ; TRH :ATTACK ; was u4.-
. Thus, ,the: ?governinerit leashed 41 .4 a.m. :Sunday :at
---Oot for the firstilmeaavas the moment when the :/./traS.
:dependent :fin flimaYiteleprot... skins were bolding :two amis.:
er .?'- j' to a. radio trans. sari es from : the kfungarian
artitterir A'rague.. governnienr: whotn; thraa had
The jaritisk had a radio op. agreed to'r cite in order to
eratiaga to :Vienna. arid Lora discuss the: evarliation "by
dnii..'and the :I.In!miied States e**Y: tages."
used It to eyseuatte Amer- VThlating the "rules' of de'
lean nationats from Budape.st. eekry,; in Pee manner of Caerar
. ,florgia,nt his famous avid ii? 4 i
fhal dinner party, :they ; wad-
i* AND ;WREN 4.heaTnited .denly arrested Nitrify Defenae
Nations sera:is:a `.'faat-firldtog -Minister Maj. Gen, ;Pal N,alea
frds8tan" 14) HumgarY11 will ter, hero of at sveek's tight.
learn nothing that isret al- :jag I,, Buda Pest, of
ready known ;and' probablYi' the general staff Istvan Ko
'lot ,l''fl thu IrItici.i?vaca, , : , ;
Refugees who arrived .,InThe extent of their atrial-
droves, tc4aling COM Peril* ties in Budapest and other
during the course. of Suriday, maaaadaa eines in 'lbw-
smiled ,,t e. when told 'the dating the counter-real:du.
story :Of .the: .resoliition tl1,riE!' cif fully knosvn.
and ;president Eiaenhower's Rut it is etear that the3T have
appeal to Soviet . Premier Dui-
gania.. , , . been using white i.vbrisphourua
Tite titorY. of ;RUSi4fill ii. incendiary; ribells, which ;also
have a : boric 'ilaseous effeet
I or venti on brallungarY and, according do ati aecounts,
makes littler , ;look like a ithey have been bombing car-
otid Stalin look like an artinr:
fine atv411111:69rmarti'leikw
tear. the air.
-
prive ,ITraitgarlim sra
social
acbielmo';
ng awl
rand in rest
owni
is pansense,
This- has. a
working. :dam; aitad'irtetlect- ?
nal movement in wide!' free.
dem -laying patriotic young.
WM. 110117 joined instine. .
lively en noose,
n Was ;:staged because ;the:
alleged gain a were non-,
existent
The dangerous implication
of Sobolev's statement was
that no iron Curtain Country .
hod any. right.: to break away
horn carrananiam.,
Sobolev hirattelt? :played a r
part in :the iruthless suppres-
sion' of :another anti:4..71101mM-
1at anutiny.. As a youtta: he.
fought to recapture the fort-
ress of Krenstadt :Millie hay:
- just outside Leningrad.
* ? *
.;DIPLOMATS here :make the
following:: pointa, .about the
litingarian uptlaing:
1 The pistriotr would,prob-
- : ably have. been ,sMarter
;to play It the way. of the Poles,
winning.: a 'few , reform by
compaaarively mfoct displays of.
violence and theat aubalding
await a further opportunity.to
win: their freedoan from the
Russians. ,
'
. Butbecause they were so
Ate implacably brave the
Hungarians have made an :end
of: :communism in: Eaatern
liltirope far more probabie than
it wa.s after the Yugoslav and
Polish difficulties.
"Cm :those other. occasions .
the : Russians were able. to
avelti ?-a break in trbe dam . by
letting the; pressure cove out
around the edge" :one corn-,
mented.!"Tbis ttintalpey have
.had a cracia.right t,he; mid!
dlearit'tke Aran .,aral. Ake, whole
structure: has been damaged!".
While seine details maa be
clouded,. 114 outatariding fact
is iricitsputabie..
Russian tanks swamped
Budapest, ; after the ? Soviet
?
O. 4A
THE ALLFAATION art the
Soviet representative at the
united Nat lotIS, ;Arkady
holey, that dhe: Russians were
union bad formally a roeg riightlng? 'ff""cist ek
Vice-premierta
through Vice-premier Anass ?
' wtia are trYing''.1? de"
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Chirago %du
da Noyember
U.N. Must
Hungary,
Mindszenty
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nue vanced foj the -Soviet Inter'
#56 I vention ,are only, pretexts ?
-1
and untrue,"
" " It is not true that this
fieht for freedom has been
aimed at the' restoration of
the system that existed before
the war," heeeterrid. ,
Asked if ne reedethe
Kesler govertitien or the ad-
ministration -0 Premier Imre
lollasting &merrier, with Nagy, overthrown by the soy-
tThe
Mindssenty is the Joint iets, the cardinal said he pre
work o cartesdents of f the .ferred Nagy "rather than the
Ameciaged peen, united press iso-called government of today
ena Roden. prrittro nor. i; 'because Naafy's government
eit Firoor yrrierier.i was for an independent Hun-
'!'h gary, while that of today was
BUDAPEST, Hungary, Nov.
4 tSundayl? ce?cordinal
Mindszenty said today "Hun
-
wiry can expect only greater
oppression if. the United Na-
tions does not save us,",,
"Far quicker and more ef-
fective steps are needed," the
primate of Hungary said-'
man who Is drowning needs
no messages.
? "What we need is that the
secretary general of thelinited
Nations comes to Budapest to-
day and not tomerrow. There
has been much too Much troting and oratory. What we
need is action now."
Speaking before he sought
sanctuary in the United States
legation here, the cardinal
said, "The Russians have dis-
regarded the United Nations.
Every shot they have fired has
been aimed at the' United
Nations."
Miracle I Am Here
Cardinal Mindszenty, who
was released from a commul'
nist prison ,Oct. 30, said he i
had "suffered torture in body
and soul" at the hands of
the secret police. ?
It is God's miracle that
I am here and am as I am,"
he said.
He refused, to give details
;of his arrest and imprison-
ment, saying he was engaged
"in a detailed report of these
things which are unspeakable
and defy the imagination of
every normal man."
The cardinal has sold the
story of his imprisonment to
an American magazine for
$250,000.
Calls Pretexts Untrue
He said the regime headed
by Janos trader had let "the
Hungarians to be slaughtered
by the Russians." ? and he
added he was profoundly
shaken, watching the power
of ? the Russians crushing the Women Shot Down
"
freedom of the Hungarian The new government tat
nations. the Russians try to force on
He said the reasons ad-
installed by the Russians.
However, he added "As
prince of the church It is not
my duty ,to indorse any gov-
ernment. This is only a theo-
retical problem, as all but two
members of the legal [Imre
Nagy] government are in the
hands of the Russians."
Says Mass in Legation
He was referring to Anna
Kethlys Socialist leader now
abroad and Istvan Bibo, who
still held out in his room at
the parliament.
Since seeking haven at the
American legation. the cardi-
nal has lived and slept in the
private office normally used
by Minister Thomas Wailes.
He celebrated mass there for
the handful of legation em-
ployes and American corre-
spondents, then devoted him-
self to meditation and writing.
In a statement given news-
men, the primate said:
"In connection with mis-
leading slogans and lies pro-
claimed as the political pro-
gram of the so-called new gov-
ernment that was forced on us
by the Russians, I declare
that the question' of restora-
tion of the political system
that existed before the war
had been never raised in the
course of the fight for free-
dom. Accerdingly, nobody
wanted the exploitation of the
workers' class in the future.
"Moreover, the workers'
class had been exploited dur-
ing the 11 years of commie
nist rule to such an extent
that they grasped arms to get
rid of it. The entire world
knows the situation from my
speech I made the day before
yesterday. Now the same
Kadar and his companions
who changed the name of
their own party and of their
newspaper, thus branding
themselves and their former
activities; are determined to
continue their former anti.
people activities, having sided
with the Russians.
the country with the herr) oi
thousanda of tanks, an-
nounced that the freedom
fighters have to be eaten*.
natech Does the Hungarian
government want Hungarians
to be slaughtered by R u a -
slam? Horrid slaughter has
already started and it con-
tinues.
"Clerks of the central. PTT,
--?,- -V*
[post ? telephone - telegraph]
mainly elderly women, were
killed by sub-machine guns by
the Russians occupying the
Vaal. tvestag
NOV 12 '1St
CardiiTeos
Of Soviet Trao.
By LESLIE plAILOOH BAIN
Slat-IS Amerioan NettaPaPer Attianee
building. Tlie Marie Terena
barracks that Mill defies them
is now attacked from behind.
"The attacks 'aim' is now
to exterminate 300 children,
as the Russians use their
home as a favorable basis for
their attack against the bar-
racks. I cannot imagine that
there is a single sound man
thruout the world worthy of 1
the name of man who could
have slept and remained idle
during the last 24 hours."
nedk physical and nay-
choloalietridninces" intended to
force hint, to do the Communists'
will
"I have been tortured body and
soul," the gaunt Hungarian pri-
mate reveeled. "They broke off
only when they saw I was near
death. It is only by the grace of
God that I am here today and
BUDAPEST, Nov. 8. Delayed)
have the strength with which to
(
?Cardinal Mindszenty was very: fight."
nearly caught in a Communist The Cardinal's message to
,
trap the day he took refuge in President Eisenhower:
the American Legation here. "As a shipwreck of Hungarian
As be handed ove a messae diserty I have been taken aboard
r g
to President Eisenhower for this .bY your generosity in a refuge of
own
correspondent to transmit to country and as a guest
l
Washington bY any Possible of 'seen' legation. I'm' hospi-
means, the Cardinal related hisl tales surely saved me from int-
narrow escape.
,mediate death. With deep grati-
He said the moment the
tude I am sending my heartfelt.
Rus-1
slags arrived Sunday October 4,1congratulation to your excellency
he received a telephone call ask- the occasion of your re-elee-
ing tifin to come immediately onion to the presidency of the
United Staten, an exalted (nee
whose glory is that it serves thel
highest ambitions of mankind:
Trying to mane his wayiGod charity, wisdom and human
through a Russian tank cordon nappiness. Let your abundance
in Parliament square, the Caren- in these endeavours reflect a ray
nal was stopped by a Soviet of-, of hope on our long suffering
!leer who said, "we are masters' People, who at this moment are,
here now." Undergoing the fifth day of born-
Alarmed, the Cardinal's secres bardment; gunfire and flaming
nary Wanted the situation and death in testimony before God
discovered the' .government of and the world of their will to be
Premier Nagy had fallen and free; whose sons are even now
many of its members were under being dragged into slavery;
arrest. The phone call, anger- whose children with their dying
the Parliament building where
the Cabinet was said to be hens-
aion.
curly, had come from the -Com-. breath ' are crying out for help
munist-led security pollee, in an from their destroyed homes,
? ettenirit to; trap pie prelate. athelters and hospitals: whose /
Cardinal Mindasenty said he daughters are facing looted
then fled to the house across the stores and certain starvation,
street from the American Legs- . "God bless you, Mr. President,'
tion and sent a request that he and the people,. of the United
be granted asylum. IStates. I am ardently praying
When the request was granted, to our Heavenly Father to nave
the Cardinal recalled, a group of.' andlead you and your people -
, faithful forint( a phalanx toward your common alms of,
and rushed him to safety. ,bringing peace and lieppiriess to
The Cardinal is preparing a:this sorely tried world. May the
report' that will tell of the "un- Lord grant you and your nation.
speakable brutality he was sub- greater strength and richer life,1
Hiected to by Hungarian Commit-;On the threshold of an even.
. *eater future I beg of you, d&
,i In an exclusive interview 'with not forget this small lionest ara-'
1,-this correspondent he said hel tion who is enduring.torture and
!would detail the tortures and tne, death In the service of human-
1"devilish devices" used by theilty."
24
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Approved For Release 2003/08/11: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380002-4
RUSSIAN TANKS
IN BUDAPEST
Hungary ratnots
?
NOW Uitiniattith
itiNntit Pleat 'Service
VIENNA., Nov. il-eGrottps:
of Ifungarian rebels are still'
fieeitiog to the death egainst
Rusiaan .might, aceording to
reports- received here today:
In several districts: ,of Rude,:
pest,. particularly around; the.
fie Bert hill; which is too steep.
'for tanks to rnanetiver,,and ui
thellungarian uranium cen-
ter of Pe.es desperate resist-
ance waii put up by ffl.erIupp,
Hun garians against soyiet tank
and infantry units, ;
e soviet + controled radio
station in Budapest. demanded
that all arms still in the bands
of the+ population he, sum*,
dered hy.ti p. in. tod.ay Or the
holders face annihilation., The
revs radio station breadceeta
emit -ultimatum pirin' at
-PO;a.,t114 but fighting was re.
going,
' Mimed VO _Wed Shot
Hungarian refugee cad
Soviet soldiers; ;moot them
snarly Mongolians,: had Jined
up hundreds of .rebels ,' Who
;fallen WO .tncir ?hands
bo them
..:
against a wahi
w
forManti:'? -said, tend ,Pleeards
were ,hung around their ;_necks
warning "This k what hap.
pens .to. capitalists
Fat un reports :said; the lhalei
peen Red -,Cross headquari',
perbirs;anil nurses 'had ..been
'Ilitted bat the Austrian border,
:town of Trairkirehen.
: --141,0a4e.fist from RakfeM.
g, :rebel ,trarsudtter in
'Olive:eat _Hungary.:
f.`The.Russians demand tliat:
Tay; down, our arms. We
Woe' do it and if it ismervs.
nary,: we 'will fight to our last
dr';
By Joseph-Yr* tri
vI qv 0141.1
gerien freedom flighte4 s; hattled Thlr
the Red ,erniir 1 threngliaranlPs ' freedom
ott around the nranieletenit Red aunt *oat: ,near the pagett attaekee.
Yageslay,. -,beider
Cominunista :Omitted, Others
still vofiglitiaio in the rulitile
pe Budapest foe the Matt'
,atraighdaY., ,
1131
.don -,said
,-priee
'every; etb
-,deaad or
dio
looting; -in Abe: The :Kadar
gevernment, the .
tiallon never has been more
grave.1 ?
:. strike- entinued
throughout the caul-041e'. Train
8erVitet,', servieitepolice
and goverrowso 'offices. were
.1shut in, many:awes+.
;? The Internotional Red' Cress.
7,4,4.'eeatiP7-t4rele?riantuss.Ges,;ta:svai?aaiinne_opuettrmcedistIlhoglit:tfti9er
yesshaloat?
orm\a:71,...1:ofanu.78trY.:, it toSleg.4.4.tvilli ineOend110:f1103:pplk:s.
trta it will -;belogl teleetors*'
Perched int the A.trite. ?to. Budapest.
gateau border,. ; ? ; ?
Reaels they blesv up. 1**0 1-!!-P,PRI4 utepnrtd
'a Russianammonition dump at
Imeneeend- -:-. ? ueltiee !reported he tbe fighte
". ;addition -tee the 50,000-,eas;
It ',was aPPerent that.: the hut ", last: week, . another 7000:
1,,i'1-,111,ghtut.rnitri,64: titite_usraelaben;tdieIvnlakiriaTti: Bun- gerlans. are dead and :-3000
.
a gucriila-type- operation. ; 4:?huichnd,d in th
started ,_sue bloodbath
Sunday in
th
ei
: The :lag: major eebet strong; coy,- it ? was, reported.- :
hnid ?P114iimrtillrft41- to the Reds One' rebel. broadcast said the
tact night or early today wider fighters in .the city were run
repeated attacks , by Soviet ,ning -lew!, on ammunition ;and
tanks -and .Plaries, , +. ? had. only enough food for about
it week. , ?; ?
. The . government ordered' all
Pawnshops to return pawned
clothing withiiut payment of
the lenns. .
To try to break the, general
strike, :the government :threat-
mita. dismissal to any ',civil
servant Wbo.failed to show up
for ..work ;today. Those who
Owed 04 itileA twee-0
LOP-
ARM hod-put,
-the .head of+
brought In]
it reported
The government said the,
uation was "never ;more grave".
and was ,approaching chaos,'
Rebel reports said Moscow :was
preparing to purge' turncoat
Titoigt Jonas Kesler as premier
ofthe 'puppet regime because
he felled to quell the revolt,.
As many. as Tfffie, were report-
.ed dead, on ..tbe;+.seeond blood-
- bath -tilat started -Sunday .
.15%KlaPest, Food was ?getting
apreer.. ? : -.1
.;',??the ictuamtkuistvItedWPeet
theviiWas
scattered :areas- of the
It sise.:014,,there .:was
ing ia:,'...ttei+.Kantlii++Forisst,
of the southwestern,Oltel
niines are located. I
. .
-iJl1 Ytigoalav Diplomat .
Rri.issian,troops,,fireii oti the
Tigostair 'legation ITV u d A-
pes!, Willi/3ga young dipleln..*,i
Several members of the lege- I
woan
were
on eV
.tests from aye
e
fire4
pro
?..ayere
ent of I-till
A,
men had du In at the Hegye..
shalom customs house. and
mounted guard with rifles and
-inaehine guns. The Russians
demanded. that they surrender
or. Prepare for-a heavy bom-
bardment With sovi0 tanks
awaiting orders, a Hungarian
colonel said the holdouts
would surrender to the AU*
trians fovinternment.
. In Bodapeet, women darted
into the *reds and threw
? grenades at soviet tanks, ,rte
'pptssaid.ObomntnLped
M the Ruesittraefrentethe WA*
diaWs',44
flren were seen handling wee.
Radio RaeacsY; Which
had ap-
pealed to President', Eisen-how
er or he1, yestereley!ajartrig
Its report op the fighting; for
.Ditilipeutette Was not heard
from at all. today
The.Soviettuag.ernaut.appar-
' ' town 36
hqtl, overrun'
:MI lee smith of Budapest, where
.the tebele, had otaged their
,etand+
plighting now. was spreading.
to the,hordera, particelarly.ui
ti* south- and ?west weere:the:
rugged terrain :and -swanSPa?
!prevented, .the Russians -,from
using tanks to,goed advantage-
-. Refugees.a aing intt,'Atue
trintetioetettIetacnu lon,it
mile stret of iiki border
-,counir.7 and
:STeg.
Rebeti Iii
In WW1 tak
tties
-raging ? in
*hexe the`,10 Oath' harreeke-,.tiyin-
bol of the original -stand against
the Red urine, was reduced .to
,
? Pigtoting
also wes - under wayl
In the. ?Roebniiya4 ,ttjpest .abt:
gelenfoeld diatrktiif of the (RN
it said.
The Russians issued -another.
ultimatum to surrender, with.
out penalty by 5 p.
EST Friday or face "severe'
punishment." .
itsed. true
Free
itrointS
red -in
rionforee
meets were, "coneiderable'
The. Soviets vvere..reported
earting.''off truck loads of ;teen-
agers; $611-10.tiely44..yea oii.
YOkftlis--,had, formed ratiehl'of
tivr.haelthone of the rebellion
Which began tact 23.
ob the
revolt were ? , double
salaries far November. Strik-
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Approved For Release 2003/08/11: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380002-4
her 30, 1050
Only Tried To Save Them From Themselves"
?
Wir.tv
26
VtavfAry.,
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?
Approved For Release 2003/08/11: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380002-4
'RE ELS FIND
RED BUDAPEST
TORTURE. .R10
BUDAPEST, IinngarY. Nett
2 (A1-74 mysterious house was
opened today by rebel parti.
sans. They said they; found
it equipped .,twith a iorture
chamber . th,4, 1,4s ,pppr*ted
by the communist governmeht
secret
It is.ott what;is cat/fd freer
dom bill in Buda. On the vast ?
bank the ranulae. river.
A door, from a garage led
to .three eell. One was plain,'
evidently for? detaining?. cap-
tives, the . second was, equipped
With a 1 electric light directed
at a chair in which prisoners
apparently.
was
.1.1OlPttiOn, 0
padded.and:s?
-
'The rebels, ?sit I 'was be.:
lieved the vine; tias, used for
thelirainwasiting of important
Pelttkeal Prianners- such , as
!Cardinal Minda;entY?
Plush Aesidences .
It is five minutes walk front
? the :group of . plush Amer
residences of Idatyas Rakosi.
Ernoe eroe; and other lea4
int. members of the Red
The: Park-like, ,a re a,was
fenced off. :and paroled by, se-
erct pollcemen Neighbors had
seen elosed automobiles drive
o the torture villa, and disap.
Pear WO the garage.
, -Wahl nthe area was .,a big
guest house with comfortably
furnished a it te. s' ? and " Oath-
replitajer visiting k!omnitthist
dignitaries..sevtral eCrliey11.
las,.bad, swimming .ppol*and,
iverei: Writhed v4tploTa44*
television, thick carpets, and
all, the cos
enjoYed.
lad rgfl4 ?Brisker
Concealed summer
house. was it hugh under.
ground, bunker connected by
underground Pessagea xv"
? eral of the Red chiefs homes
for escape ,in case of. trouNe,
it viaA eqvipped. v01 t It short
twearv: .
. receivers and transmit-
161I the houses are intact ex,
cept that of Rakosi, which was
wrecked by a mob, ?.
Thirteen wounded Mogan-
"an, rebels, some of whom.
ported.
ported they had, stormed a
comm. &mist Ortute,cbamber
)3udepest, Arrived
frictuday end were placed in
Vienna hospital
garian peo the Hun-
NOV 9
Ry ;Gal
NICKEL?
garian paiisans
I today gaVe.,in to'
and, a half from here, .
They had held out over a week.
IV i ? ?
'aim w.fohino,? riata,..nesei S017 avoter
Austria, Nov. 9---A, tired, weeping bandfid of littu-
4heir spirits broken 'but their courage still strong..
Russian tanks and infantry at a border station a mile
crouched In a 'roadside ditch 200 yards froftt. the border. with :another
correspondent and three Austrian police to watch the last free outpost on
the border fan,
? Three Russian twilit; came down the road fromi-Mgyefahr4orn, a Iowa
five .m11e inskte Hungary. A few. Rebelssbeld machine' guns Inside the
border station. The rest deployed In a ditch along the road near the
border. ? , ?
?,t,The;tanks.split up, ,One stayed on the road. The others went Into the
Open P01.1, on. ethr Vcle fp a pincer PinVetnet.g.
? rAterti4mo, !pup0 0.tycl0-,ito1Nf* TANIO
The partisans began rifle and machine-ken ?fire.
? .
The tanksi heti*, coming. 'Those' on, the flanks came within 20 yards of
the border station and, fired fourrourit4 horn their cantina over the roof.
. There are railroad, tracks, on an ,elevation 200 'yards' from the border
? station; ? From there.; a platoon of screaming Mongol' Russian 'troops
advanced prt the station. Each soldies had a flegyestialotri ci*ert in
front of him as a hostage.
'Pie Rebels fired a few rounds over their heads, and' then ceased firing.
The tanks backed off. ?
Capt. Wilhelm Theil of 'Mel-Austrian border pollee grabbed up an
Austrian flag. fie ran' to the border, accempanted by two other border
policemen carrying carbines.
- "Itere are three Austrian' Christians who are not afraid of the Rus-
sians!" he pried, will. keep, tlyati, off Austrian soil."
AUSTRIAN 11,0,ItilloElltIIEACRED 111 ?4FE,T.V.,
The Rebels piled in two trucks and a ear and drove across the border
Into Austria--.-and ? .; ,
Austrian police cone/led all the weapons, removed all ammunition, and
stacked .tbern to .4 corner. , ? .
The. leader turned tome.
had to g3ire In 'tG those-Eiltbi?rik? Caulin't
;(thesibtosurpessevipappiaMmootetwomma, vAt,41,..0
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07
--a- -Approved-For-Release 2003/08/11 : CIA-RDP78-2Q2771R001)200380002-4
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 11, J1Y'00-
? Oct. , ' NagyYepla
C cee
ete-leeee
beetYi N1S ee L Andrae liegeeheeps _
fi 2 ? Austrian
border scaled off by
soviet preparatory to
main attack on rebels.
eticaleiind Seiveit troope led by
eighty Wiles enter flialapeet. Ka-
..__....--
e.
der accurea? the demonstratore
of "teeing' to bring back capi-
talise-le" He tverns, "Thee rnuet,
capitulate or ' we -will - erush
rree
Oct. 25 --Gem is nested as
PIM Secretary of the Hungarian
party. Radar replaces him,
Huselan tanks open fire on an
unarmed demonstration in Par-
liament Square, Hungarian
, Army units refuse to shoot down
;students and workers. They loin
,the revolution in great numbers.
? Oct. 26?Premier Nagy ordere,
civilians off the streets to Put
down the revole in Budapest at
all costs. But fighting spreads
to the provirices. litmgarian
troops who joined the patriots
claim to control virtually all of
Western Heineeiry. Revolutionry delega.lions call on Nagy to
press their domande for an end
or satellite states. As soon as
order is restored, he promises, he
Ill negotiate with Moscow for
complete withdrawal of Its
roops from Hungarian soil
Oct. 27?Nagy broadens the
Government by bringing in Bela
Kovacs, Wader of the long-out-
lawed Smallholdees '' party as
,
Minister of Agricolture, and Zois
-4 tan Tiedy as. Minister of State.
The fighting continues.
Oct. elle-The fighting dies
down and Nagy announces+ the
Soviet forces wilt withdraw from
Budapest. Near Gyor and at
other points in the provinees.
Yalta to join Marshal Tito and Russian forces are not fighting.
Nikita lehrushchey in talks on,
1
debits and credits of loosening
Soviet controls in Eastern Eu-
Nov. 1 ? Russian
forces pour into Hun-
gary, fan out to take
control of key points.
Soviet sad tetelltes
lie %ewe rebel activity
nlai
stoniest
111111141111111.11.1M i
UNov. 4? Russians
open fire on Budapest,
crush rebel resiatance,
mop up in other cities.
Vikle,041.1.114V104,
HUNGARY-THE REVOLT THAT F
HungurY's ?Pr4841g againstiSt i the SEPTEMSElt
eps n e Btrayal ee te?ige?The Bodapest radio
Russian delineate:el, which waa
'traneforrited into remit riyainst Of ?Revolution says Roman Catholic priests who
bejor the
fled the country can return are
toormileieni e Soviet
, ArMy emenched it in. blood last , Sept. 10--Gero turns up at
Lder a general amnesty.
we
ek, started at least four itor "1"aches or hoelattet le'
. months - ago Without, a esee ee ,gality" ?in hie terror campaign
violence.
? ;against old Coinnumists marked
have p,? ee", etaettet leiter t? promises Parliament will
Its first victim, was Matyas !for liquidator' by Maltose Gero
B
. Beeepeet, wee lest Net lee head imore initiative.
but his job as Fleet Secretary c July 23?The Central Commit-
of the Hungarian Working PCO- tee publishes a reeolution con-
plies i Comninniet) party on, ceding discontent in the country
' Jets/ 18.lee on Reimers orders as an
as a resiet of the old Politburo's
rope,
0e1011ell
Oct. 6--Teaszio Ra,jk, former
Foreign Minister executed in
The bull-necked . Rakost, a 'mistakes. Among the new Po-
beam( liability ? once Otalleiem, Minim tnembere is Janos leader,
Nee become a three settee 'errs %velem Eineessi had. thrown into,
lit Moaeow, was dropped in the a concentration camp tor three
hope of silencing the clamor for Years on charges of letoLem.
change within the party. The new f'olitburo announces
The Poerien riots in Poland it has re-examined similar case&
had /vet dromatieed Baatern, ,. against 474 party' officials andl
Stiropeei yearning for hread and found most,of thew trurnpedsupe
freedom. Ere? Gero, Rakost's Compulsory state loans are abol-'
faithful understudy, took over iehed and the satisfaction of
the party leadership with a workers' grievances promised.
promete of better drive ahead allay 31 ? Hungary's chiefk
and a wanting that In linuttarY-, prosecutor admits hundreds were
there would be no "'second .jailed and executed without jus-
Poznan." tification 'under Rakosi. The
acre, tried to MI before the, prosecutor gives assurance this'
storm. A f ter iiiitetenthie days will not happen again,
he co psieed. AUGUST
This
is the log op his voyage('
duo! of the, wieder storm that Aug. 3?For the,, first, time
lowed.' since the Communists seized
JULY power, the 'Government submits
questioning by members of
July lie?On taking officeas; jee
Parliament.
Aug. 4?The World Council of
Churches is told Hungary will
give a new trial to Lutheran
on the new Soviet traxiel and . Bishop Lajos Ordass.
destruction of the "cult of the Aug. 12?'fhe Government din-
individual" lln Hungary's ease, cards the Rakosi plan to make
the cult of Rako.sies infaltibiiityl, ,Hungary selfsinifficient econorin
July24---The ?Central-Ccutimille ically.
tee of the Hungarian Party Aug. 1 says Imre Nagy,
winds up Its nieetieg. it ex, Peie ,expellecl from the party in 1955
MtnelY e'aelees fennel" Defense for so-called rightist deviation,
MinisLer and secret Petite einefees welcome to return if he ac-
cepts the regime's new policies.
First Secretary, Gero calla for
reconciliation with Marshal Tito
of Yugoslavia, strengthening of
collective leadership in Hungary
agent of Tito and of the United
States intelligence services, is
reburied With due soleinnitee.
"Never again will such mon-
strous things happen," Deputy
Premier Antal Apro promises at
the graveeide.
Oct. 1% ? Erik Molnar, Hun-
gary's Minister of Justice, tie- rift
mends removal from office of all
state pwasecutors and judge who
"played a proVotieW role in. the
processes of the last few yeah.."
' Oct. 1$--- The party organ
Seabed Nen maks known with-
out menUoning eetegy by Mime
that "all comradeet who have re-
cently expressed 'opinions which
were not agreeable to the party
leadership wed who were there--,ee-
fore subjected to party penaltieseeneY stand by SPsivetY while
have been rehabilitated.'e IRevoluieonary Courwile control
Oct. 13--flero and Kadar gol the towns.
to Belgrade for renoneiliation, Oct. 20?The rebels refuse to
talks with Tito. Imre Nagy *lay down their arms until the
readmitted to the CommuniseRnssiane have pulled out, a
party. Budapest. The Russians insist
Oct.2seeRetoroiog to Iwo. they will not, leave until the
pest with Yugoslav-Ielmegarfan rebels have lael down their arms.
party ties re-established, Gero nProanv:taarii n Moscow denounces the
finds the streets choked as Situ- the people
as
dente and Workers march to iteeee,;',,ele teee people and hires
demonstrate solidarity witii the, --Z.? eeePerialree eteee
Poles in their fight against So- "`" esea?e*
viet domination, Iiiingarian se- promises free electionse the end r
curtly police fire on the croWd. one-party dictatorship, no
more forced collectivization of
agriculture and the freeing of
Cardinal Mindszenty. Hungarian
. ?
'RUSSIAN FOREIGN AID'.
SCPftEr
The peaceful demonstration be-
comes open revolt and Gero calls
on the Soviet Army for help hi
suppressing it.
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mMIW
the 1bt Hungarian
Air..Roree ultimatum,
eaying it MU basil) the ;soviet
^ tanks .in Budapest.; 1114PM 'OPY
millinit..; withk!,tlelitnie ? 4Oittin;
Nagy ; announCea it Wite Gera -ars.1
Hegedus, not he, who called in
the Russien, army.
Moscow arineunees
to consider. withdrawin0
from lIturigary, Polandoif,ft
mania,i but warns It will
tolerate the destruction of
; aehievemente" in those
eouetriee:
; Oct, St.k-Stiviet troops ewe-
ate laiidepest but dig in outside
the city. Tidy tells Mescone*
Anestas Idikoyan in BadsPoilt
!that Hungary must insist on UM
!withdrawal of , Eloyiet. t
fromAhe'whole country: N
'hints:broadly that Hungary,
ivithdraw, front the Warsaw Peet
'and become a 'mutest state.
?STAL
lug in. ta , The
firingt stlgacY"s
light for freeelo,iis hes been lost
;.);nee- more?.
? Stalin's ; heirs have. AO'S! ;Iiim
proud ;he: grabbed they
eonti in4,*.to bOld :for* Of
arr :for!! all their "talk. -about
indePeodefiee;;;'. and; self -detet?
inigar,1%.' _ . tle ? it
did tons ramie: toward
tath.:;? Russians Poits,*en;;M:40**,
pest 'airport, . estelleStlY ;to Ow;
t,eet the air; evacuation. i of '- flak
!wounded.; Nagr,,ipiOk . in Soviet,
Ambassador rAndropoir ; and
miestias the immediate WithdraWit;
of the Saviet Arniii$ HetellS the'p
envoy HtingarY;, Is Edenonnutlit
the Warsew. Pant, Preciatinitt
her neutrality and.calling onthel
trnitad NatitinsIn'r ./IfOleCtiOn? , I
..Nee.'::.2,- ......More ,80yiei diviAom,
pour, into ;Hungary. Tile; Soviet
?Embassy in. Budapest; says pie,
forces are being: regrouped, Pt
, Th el
reinforeed. e capital rental S
relatively calm, , but
Nagy sends a new protest .'to
.Mescow: Soviet tank forces :seal
off the Austrian ;frontier as.if to
,bar; the door Io. the West. before,
getting down to their unpleas,',
i
ant. besine.s.e. ;
1;
. . Nov. * - -At won the new Hun-
garian /)e.fertse Minister, Maj., Gen.
, Pal Maleter,.. a heitir- of the rev?.
dation, ! opens .negotiation' with
Soviet General Malints. The;Rue.:
'slaps say . they- are- net bringing
?tri,-,smy more troops and sire will,
OW ;to', filliensie. tatol. Withdtliveil
oy,. stages., ;?Baciapeet. imearil.M-,
is surrounded by a ring of Rio-
lad
eke-. wavy
.for in-
cludiud: Id,
,ersand ' mite. Linda. .
.pest -.;:in Iiiiiiiefail that.. the. strain
:wilt be.over soon. General; Ma,
:Oder, ;and :his. staff. chiefs :lease,
.Builailiest.to reAimie.negetiations
with Genera/ Miiiiinin at Soviet
headeitarters; outside Budardst.
' Nov. 4--....At 5. A. At the Rue,
shine tinleashfilliamiive:retrPriss
attack: General Meleter .is riot
heard from again. ; 11m:4eeds of
Soviet tanks roar into Budapest '
with the dawn. The Raimiaasf
seise Premier Imre, Nagy sine.
titost of his Government. At S
A. U. they . issue. axi ultimatum
demanding onemir by main or
1 they will .bintik tlie. , city, Rus,'
shin bombeirs Akf..,.:.v.lk in force
while ground: forilet,SOMiy Vies,
Pirrone shells In 'all 'direc(ions
through the city;. .. ,
Just It' few MaMleg"tiletere It
goes off the air, Radio Budapest
tells .the world: *Au Budapest!
Wunder fire The 'Russian gang,
stem ?have betrayed .us!'
The Ruastans inetall a' new.
governrriant ;in; ?i :the ;'..enitilittig
ruins*, tbe; capita ,Kattar?noit
premier?;;nnnouseee he 600514
Narrbeesaiser.Natf..*Itus bad ,
betrayed the revolution by g$v-
11y. TWO
'NOV i 5 195E
j 1.40b1D011,, :Nov,
British' newsreel editor report-.
ed today the Soviet /embassy
? haft tried-and ;falled?tor.. get
hold of films 'that'; 'toad; be
used, to.;;.identify flungarien
rebel. fighters.. ? ; '
;G. T. ' Mainlines, London
' editor. of Patbd News,! tald
'fiewsmen, "The films could ln!
criminate' thoUtiende!'
Mr. : Cummings said ',the
newaseeli `show; Hungarians
. shooting at. the 'seeret ;pollee:
? in the streets of Budapest end
setting fire to buildings and
Soviet. tanks."
? He Bald. the Soviet Einbasay
? had asked Pathe for copies"Of
the reels. The company' turned .
. down' the Russians. ?;; ? .
?";`At the public 'cinema the
film moves; too' quickly Itie
people t9 be: identified." Mr.
Cummings implaloint!,i `.10nt
payengwilkthe .peoia. thole
pesseseloMmoidd :enlarge: pho.
tographs of individuals,"
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, i3a.1tiwore Jun
,Nov 11 1956
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Vi,r4 Doily PieW3
NOV 1 2 1956
REFUGEES' OWN WORDS OF FLIGHT
hi All Over,
Austria Will Be
Next,' They Say
During the past fortnight, Scripps-Howard Foreign Editor
Ludivell Denny has talked to scores of refugees on Hun-
garian roads, fleeing by foot, in peasant earls, trucks, bicycles,
or jammed together at border posts waiting to get across,
at Austrian villages across the frontier, in refugee trains and
camps.
From these he has chosen typical "little people." Here-
with etre their stories in their own words?most of them with-
out full names for fear relatives left behind will be identified
and imprisoned because of their flight, which is the comma-
fast custom.
*
By MARIE BLANK, Age 17.
^
Sunday morning my father awakened toe and said; "The Russians
are in the next village. They will be here soon. They are raping the
girls. You must go fast."
I dressed and ran without waiting to tiring anything.
I'm a junior typist but was fired because the boss said my father
was an enemy of 'Hungary. You see, he wasn't a communist.
By KATHRINK BLANK, Age 44.
My man made me come away. It was wrong. I shouldn't have left
him. I must go back. Lie's 62 years old and sick. His leg Is so bad
he can't walle..-tha.t's why he could not flee with me.
My man's a good mechanic but even before he got sick the Reds would
not pay him for a job because long ago he worked on the estate of
Count Esterhazy. That made him "an enemy of the people's republic,"
the communists said.
I must go back and take care of my man.
* $ $
? By JANOSNA BLANK, Age 30.
I didn't fight because, we had nothing but a few old rifles find little
ammunition.
Sunday morning when we heard the Soviet tanks firing far off, we
all ran to the factory where our guns were.. The radio said all Hungary
had fallen to the Reds again.
It seems ours was the last town left.
We knew we couldn't lick the tank. We decided it was better to
take our wives and children across the border.
It's all over. After Hungary, Austria will go next. World war's
coming soon. We muat go to Switeerland where our little boy and girl
will be safe. Or maybe to America, if I could get a job there as a
steel worker. That's my trade...
I'm worried abbut rni parents back there. They are old, peasants.
Maybe the Reds won't punish them for my flight. My father said to
me: "Go, save the children."
All we have is on, our backs and in this rucksack?but we have the
children.
By GEZA HORVATH, Age 30.
I'm a vineyard hand. I organized a demonstration against the Reds.
They said they would get me when they came back.
When the Russians were closing In onus, my wife and I decided to
take our girl?she's almost 10?and our boys, they're 8 and 3, and
head for the border.
I carried the little one. After a while we got a lift in a farm cart.
I hate the Reds and I'm afraid of them. You can't make enough to
eat. My monthly wage was only 180 florins and five kilos of fat. That
,will buy nine poor meals or one cheap pair of shoes.
I never want to go back. All we have now Is the clothes we are
wearing and the blanket for the little one. I do not care where we go--
anywhere I can work with my hands and save my family.
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By GYULA TUBOLY, Age 32.
I fled because the Reds are deporting Rebels like me to Russia. I was
a prisoner of war in Russia. ... know what it's like to ha slave labor
there.
If they had caught me and taken me back, what would have happened
to our two little girls?
I don't know what became of my six brothers. We made it across
the border. We have only these two small handbags. But I'm a good
cabinetmaker. Belgium promises to take us. Do you think we will
really get there?
* * *
By LASZLONE CZUPOR, Age 26.
My man is a Freedom Fighter. He was wounded. I brought him out.
We walked most of the way. Our three boys were awfully good, not
scared a bit?they are only 4, 3 and 2. Of course, the little one cried
sometimes but only because he is sickly and had nothing to cat.
We'll be all right now. It's my brother I'm worried about. He escaped
to Austria before and waited a long time to get a visa to Canada. He
got it just before the revolution started. Instead of going to Canada,
? he came back home to join the Freedom Fighters.
The Russians captured him. I don't know whether they shot him or
put him on that box-car train and sent him to Russia.
Maybe we can get to Switzerland where my man can get well. If I
only knew about my brother. He waited so long to go to Canada.
* * *
By JANOS SZILAGYI, Age 29.
I fled to save my wife from rape. I know what Soviet troops are
like; I was a POW in Russia eight months. I know what they do to
you.
I don't think I could take It again.
I never want to go back to Hungary either. When the communists
set up their dictatorship, they promised we would have a good life if
we worked hard for a few years and repaired the World War II damage.
Instead they wrecked my country.
I made enough for my wife and two kids to eat by working on a
? collective farm 17 hours a day.
When the revolution came I joined the Freedom Fighters. We de-,
feated the puppet regime but then the Soviet tanks came in and we
couldn't hold out against them. We had no anti-tank guns, finally no
ammunition left.
My pals said, "It's no use any more; you take Katherine"?that's my
wife?"and your boy and girl and try to get to Austria."
The Russians have come back and wrecked my country a second time.
There's no hope there. Belgium needs miners, I hear. We arc
to get there.
*
By JOSEPHINE KISS, Age 35.
I'm proud of my husband because he's a deserter.
He's a regular army soldier but he would not fight for the communist
regime. He wen! over to the Freedom Fighters.
But after a while they could not stand against the Soviet tanks. So
he came back to Tatabanya?that's our village?and got me and we
fled with the Russians close behind us. "
We have relatives in London but we want to go to America if that's
possible. We haven't anything left, not even a suitcase, hitt we will
work.
* *
This is about a young mother who can not tell her own story.
In a village beyond Magyarovar, Soviet taOs rumbled toward a i
Rebel roadblock. Her husband was there at the head of the .Freedom
Fighters.
She watched and prayed.
He was the first to fall.
She ran toward him. Her brother caught and dragged her back. He
thrust her baby into her arms and ran with her toward a forest.
Three days she hid in the forest. Finally she was picked up by
other refugees and led across the border. When she got to Traiskirchen
refugee camp she was Insane. Now she's in a strait-jacket.
32
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Evening Star
NOV 5 1956
Hungary's Ordeal
Not the least anguishing aspect of
Hungary's torment 'is that the United
States and the free world at large have
been unable to prevent it, President
Eisenhower , has sent an urgent appeal
to Premier Bulganin asking that Russian
troops be withdrawn and that the people
of the country be allowed to choose their
own government. And the United Nations
General Assembly, by a vote of 50 to 8
(the Soviet bloc alone dissenting), has
adopted a condemnatory resolution de-
manding 'substantially the same thing.
But these are little more than. words.
They have no force behind them except
the force of morality, and the Kremlin
has never been known to be deterred by ?
that.
So the Hungarian People, despite their
heartbreaking cries for help :from us,
have been crushed. Overwhehning brute
? force has smashed their unbelievably val-
? iant effort to rid themselves of Commu-
nist tyrahny_and live in freedom again.
If there is any small consolation to
be derived from this supremely tragic
situation, it may perhaps be found in the
fact that the whole world now has seen
'.with its own eyes the vileness of Soviet
? policy toward its satellites. It has. seen
; the men of ,the Kremlin, with cynicism,
duplicity and,savagery of the most sick-
ening kind, openly commit a terrible
? crime against humanity. Hungary's re-:
. volt for freedom went too far and too
fast for them. They are afraid of free-
?dom. They cannot tolerate freedom in
their 01#11 country or any of the captive
? lands. They would be finished, the en-
tire Communist system would be finished,
if freedom were allowed to spread and
take hold behind the Iron Curtain. So
they have smashed at the Hungarians
with a brutality that seems deliberately
, designed to terrorize others?the Poles,
? the Czechs, the Romanians, the East Ger- -
-.mansL--into submission, to warn them
againSt attempting similar uprisings:
But this is no sign of real strength.
This is a sign of weakness. This is an act
of frightened men who know that their
satellite empire smolders with the fire of
Seethes with an ineradicable
yearning for freedom, rumbles toward an
explosion (let us hope it does not go off
too soon, as it did in Hungary) ? that would
almost surely blow, both them and their
system sky high. There are perils for all
the world in such a situation, but the
Perils are greatest for them. And that is
probably the chief reason why they have
struck as they have, completely negating.:
all their past propaganda about ending
Stalinism, about the independence of the
"people's democracies,? and about Soviet
championship of "anti-colonialism" and
, liberty for peoples everywhere.
Today all that line is dead, and the
Kremlin's 'brand of imperialism stands !
exposed as one of the worst in history.
?
Ai Y. Time.,.
OV 5 1956
WE ACCUSE
? We accuse the Soviet Governmentl
-1 of murder. We accuse it of the foul- I
est treachery aud the- basest deceit I
known to man. We accuse it of hay- .
ing committed so monstrous a crime i
against the Hungarian people yes- ,
terday that its infamy can never be ?
forgiven or forgotten. .
Lenin wrote in 1900: "The Czarist
Government not only keeps our pee- i
ple in slavery but sends it to sup-
press other peoples rising against.
their slavery (as was done in 1849.
when Russian troops put down the
revolution in Hungary)." How apt
these Words sound today when we
substitute "Soviet" for "Czarist,"
,
arid 1956 for 1849. ,
, ?Hatred and pity, mourning and I
admiration, these are our emotions
today: hatred for the men and the
System which did neit hesitate to
shed new rivers of innocent Hun-
garian blood to reimpose slavery;
pity for thefl Soviet soldiers, 'duped
into ;thinking they were ? fighting
"Fascists" when they, killed defense':
ess' or nearly defenseless men, wci-
en and children; mourning and ad-
miration for the heroic Hungarian
people who feared not even death
to strike for freedorri.
Gone now are the last illusions,
Moscow now stand's, self-expesed.
The torrent of Soviet bullets yester-
day did not kill only _Hungary's
freedom and Hungary's martyrs.
Those bullets killed first of all the
picture of a reformed, penitent Rtis-
sia seeking to repudiate Stalinism
Find practice coexistence. Could
Stalin have acted more barbarously
,than did his successors yesterday?
i Can we have any doubt now of what
awaits us if we ever relax pur vigi-
lance and permit ourselves to be-
come prey to Soviet might, as was
Hungary yesterday? .
The day of infamy is ended. The
foul deed is done. The most heroic
are dead. But the cause of freedom
,lives and is stronger than ever, nur-
tured by the blood of those who fell
martyred in freedom's cause,- The
Hungarian people will never for-
get. We shall not forget. And out
of hatred and tears is born 'the re-
solve to carry forward the struggle
till freedom is triumphant.
The Hungarian people have brought this
They have not fought and died in
vain. The terror is upon them again, but
they still live, and what is in their hearts
cannot'and will not be stamped out. That
Is a thing that will endure long after the
Communist system, which carries the
seeds of self-destruction, has passed
away. This is a faith that free men
everywhere must cling to: An ideology
that sins mortally against the God-given
nature of man must in the end die of its
own evil.
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"Ah, You've Come Back to Me"
71777r .75:."179rer:71.1 -rg?
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?
Timo
NOV n
MR. NEHRU AND HUNGARY
In a speech yesterday before a
United Nations agency in India Mr.
' Nehru denounced the Soviet brutal-
ity in Hungary as an "outrage" to
freedom and human dignity. He also
proclaimed it to be a flagrant vio-
lation of the five principlas of
"peaceful coexistence" which repre-
sent.Mr. Nehru's own peace pro-
gram for the world?a program
to which the Soviets subscribed
for the purpose of lulling Asia to
sleep. What is more, Mr. Nehru has
followed up his denunciation of So-
:'t action by a formal diplomatic
note to Moscow expressing India's
condern and distress, and the'Soviet
answer that it was all caused by ,
, "reactionary elements" can scarbe- '
ly reassure him.
In taking this stand Mr. Nehru!
' has now joined the enlightened opin-
ion of most free ,countries- as ex-,I
' pressed not only, by their Govern,
ments but also by increasing public
demonstrations, especially UT-MI
youth which the Communisto'hoped
to capfure. He is joined in particu-
lar by Mohammed Natsir, leader oil
the powerful Moslem Masjumi party,
jj Indonesia, who denounces the So-
viet intervention as aggression.
'With these powerful voices speaking
(up, other Aaian. leaders may be ex-
pected to follow. If they do, the so-
called "uncommitted" nations of
, Asia and Africa may begin to see
things in a new perspective, and the
free world will be the gainer.
Hi T.
NOV 8 ir,F)13 \
St. Louis Post?Dispatch
NOV 12 1956 -
:The _Tre.igedy. of Hungary
? The Denver Post
Now the Communist masters can go
about the business of burying the thou-
sands of dead, directing work gangs to
'wash the blood from the streets of
Budapest; hunting down and executing,
I the revolt leaders.
Only time will tell whether the Hun-.
garian revolt has accomplished any-
'thing other than the slaughter of free
dom-loving people.. We think it likely
the results may be more far-reaching
than the dead patriots ever imagined.
. Khrushchev a n d Bulganin . have
proved that the fine talk they gave
peoples in India and elsewhere in Asia
was pure deceit. The "big smile" tech,
.nique of Russian foreign policy. has
I,been ? unmasked. , H NATO countries
?read correctly the 'message given be-
itweenthe lines of the Hungarian script,
.they will realize Russia has again shown
'It -is the real menace to the free world. ?
They will strengthen their defenses. ?
. There is a lesson in the pathetic fate
,ot Hungarian rebels, Let's, not forget it. ,
Norfolk Virginian-Pilot
When inuch?that seems important to-
'day has. become less important, the
,-prushing Of .Hungarian, lives and liberty
by overwhelming Soviet armor will still
flie ? .sharne. that burns the hearts of
nien. The dead did not win ,freedom for.,
the' living., They did force the &Viet
to 1..rip Off its last pretense of morality.
The, excePtional'reault is the decision
??of the 'United Nations ' General As-
:sembly" calling upon the Soviet Union
to withdraw RS troops, asking for mem-
bers to. s.end fOod,. medidal supplies and
clOthing to .Huhgary, and instructina,the
? Secretary ,General tp serid,'observ-
, ers to Hungary This UN 'action will not
soon roll back' Ole ey.ent .in Hungary,
;The Victims
The brutal strength of the Red Army
appears to be slowly annihilating the
last resistance of the Hungarian revo-
lution. 'Fighting' still flickers in Buda-
pest and in some provincial towns, but
the forces of freedom grow weaker. The!
world which so joyfully hailed the over-
throw of a: conimunist dictatorship
imposed by Moscow now watches, horror-
stricken, the massacre of patriots, and
the spilling of innocent blood.
While the protests of free governments:
await action in the United Nations, the(
ordinary person may feel pdwerless to
respond .to the valiant spirit and the
tragic sacrifices of the Hungarian people.
Yet there is something he can do. To-
night in Madison Square Garden there
35
_
of Ilun_gary
but the 01Nractien reflects a judgment
which will stand over the cars.
Chicago' Daily News
- The flame of freedom that flared so
brightly in Hungary for a,lew days has
. been quenchari in blood. In a return
. to naked. barbarism, Russia, resorted
"to' inaSS murder of ?melt, women and
?children to whom death was preferable
to Red slaveIry..
tut while the Hanle still 'burned it'
, etched a picture of Hungarian .piitriot-
,
ism and courage that stands bar all the
, world to see. And, it illuminated a seg-
ment of the oppression behind the Iron
1
; Curtain that the sinning masks of
Rus-
sia'ss leaders can never hide. By her
!monstrous action, Russia has served no-
tice that for all her pretense of aban-
doning the Stalinist terror it is still','
.an instrument ,ready to be unleashed,-
whenever the desire for freedom shows.'?:
The implication ',is -that..the satellites.'.
can protest and Shift to a nationalist
tack, . as ;in Poland, .:' as long ? as, they';',
remain dutiful Communists; But if they,,i
dare to attack tho institution of Corti7,;v
mUnisna itself the iron fist will coute:,'''.
crashing down. ,
. The Washington Evening, Star
Russians cannot kill the Spirit which.?,
really armed this rebellion. They cannot
suppress that ,yearning .for bread and,I'
a little freedom which' drives 'Men' into '
the streets, to, dip by, the scores and
' hundreds in the .fabe of overwhelming
odds, Least of all they .satisfy the ap-
peal of one Budapest- radio broadcast,,
which promised that, Soviet troops
Wou,ld return' to their bases when order
'is restored, and vvhicir called upon the
workers to "please receive our friends .
and allies With love.'?',,
is to. be a mass meeting, organized by
the International Rescue Committee, to
express the solidarity New Yorkers, and,;
all Americans, feel with these victims of
Soviet repression. And this is only the
beginning; for money is urgently needed
to care for the thousands of refugees
who have left their homes. and country
to escape the revenge of a re-established
Communist regime,
Eve9. if the Soviet 'Union succeeds in
stamping out every last spark of active
opposition in Hungary, the Hungarian
people have, still won the fundamental
victory. They have dernonsti ated, and
at what cost, that the most cunning and
merciless tyrants cannot extinguish the
flame cf freedom and humanity.
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NOV
LIES FROM MOSCOW
The thirty-ninth anniversary of
the Bolshevik Revolution was cele-
brated yesterday in Moscow in the
atmosphere of moral degradation
created by the Soviet crimes in
Hungary. The Soviet troops in
Hungary marked the .anniversary
by killing still more Hungarians
battling for their freedom and in-
dependence. Thus was the "hurnani-
tarian" nature of Sovietism "proved"
again.
It was fitting that Mikhail A.
Suslov was chosen to deliver the
keynote anniversary speech. He
had, after all, gone to Hungary last
June to reaffirm Matyas Rakosi's'
hold on power in Budapest. He was,
in Budapest, too, last week, gather-
ing the information on the basis of
which he and his colleagues decided
to unleash the Hungarian blood-
bath. It was appropriate that thd
man who thus signed the death sen-.
tences for .innocent Hungarians
should be permitted personally to
incarnate the , Bolshevik Revolu-
tion's nature on its thirty-ninth an-
,niversary.
But what cannot be accepted are
the gross lies and slanders , he
heaped upon the heroic freedom
fighters of Hungary. 'The Hun-
garian revolution, he said, repre-
sented a "revival Of faseiSm." He
gave great place in it to "Hitlerite
forces" and to "Horthy's Fascist
Army." Mr. SuSlciv lied. The Hun-
garian revolution was the sponta-
neous national liberation revolution
of the Hungarian people seeking to
end Soviet enslavement. The pres-
?ent butchery being performed by
the Soviet Army is the real 'reac-
tionary counter-revolution.
One more point made by mi. Su-
by deserves attention. He sayS,
'baldly that Hungarian Communists
established their own aghverninent"
and called in the Red Army. ; Now
we have out in the open what is
meant by the "peaceful transition
to socialism." In Hungary the
precedent has been set. Mr. Susloy
has now warned us that if French
or American or Indian Communists
set up a "government" and call on
the Red Army, it will respond to.
the call. Dare we ever relax our '
guard in the face of this warning?
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1.743f;i i"%at
L) V 9
Anniversary
This, as you well know, was election. week in
these 'United States; but it is also the anniversary
of the most tremendous and fateful event of
twentieth century hiStory, the Bolshevik seizure
of power at Petrograd (or St. Petersburg) and the
collapse of Premier Kerensky's ineffectual "provi?
sional government," consummated in the surrender
of the Winter Palace on Nov. 7, 1917. This
"October Revolution" (as it is still called, according
.to the Julian calendar then in use in Russia) was
celebrated, according to custom, in Moscow and in
the Soviet .diplomatic establishments throughout
the world. There was one such party here Wednes-
day evening in the Soviet Embassy on 16th st., an
event made notable 'by the absence of persons
outraged by the Soviet actions in Hungary. Even
so, Comrade Zaroubin's party Was less a fiasco,
and therefore less symbolic?than one given on
the previous evening by His Excellency Comrade
Ivan Melnik at the Soviet Embassy in Luxembourg.
Except for those of the. Communist satellites,.
virtuallY all the diplomats in Luxembourg deliber-
ately absented themselves from this party, as a form
of polite protest, against the Soviet butcheries in
,Hungary. But even the satellite diplomats and
their ladies?garbed for the occasion in evening
dress like so many 'decadent capitalist-imperialist-
war-mongering bourgeoisie?could not attend. They
found the streets leading to the embassy blocked
by .thousands of angry? violent, wildly demonstrat-
ing youngsters from the local university, and ac-
cordingly turned back in great alarm. Meanwhile,
the students had battered- gown the. doors of the
embassy, had seized some of the furniture and
decorations, including portraits of Lenin, Khrush-
chev and other eminent Soviet politicos and had
made a bonfire of them the street. And when
at last the Luxembourg police managed to break.
through this mob, they found Ambassador Melnik,
in the full-dress uniform and, medals- he had put
on in honor of the occasion and of his guests,
cowering in the cellar of the building.
The importance of this episode is that it shows
that the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 is no longer
an operative ideological force. It is rather the
"counter-revolution" that has,captured the imagina-
tion of youth; everywhere it has been youth that
has taken the lead in the revolt against com-
munism. This was true in East Germany, in Poland
and in Hungary; and the rebellion of youth reared
under communism has ignited the imagination
even of youth reared under freedom. The events
of the last three years, and especially the recent
events in Hungary, have proved that the Com-
munist order cannot sustain itself except by naked
force and terror. Communism, in short, has lost the
battle for minds of the young; which is why the
Bolshevik Revolution may be ending?like most
other great social revolutions?in a kind of crude
Bonapartism.
36
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St. Louis Post?Disrech
NOV 9 )956
:Ibmgary's Epic Struo.orle
The dark deed which the Soviet Union has
done in Hungary will become blacker still if
the Communist aggressors continue to hide it in
guilty secrecy from the eyes of the United
? Nations. Hungary continues AS a Major item of
business before the world forum.
By a vote of 50 of its 76 memberS, opposed
only by a handful from the Soviet bloc, the
' United Nations has called on Russia to withdraw
'Its troops and ordered an On-the-spot investiga-
tion looking to the restoration of Hungarian
liberty, Now five members?Cuba, Ireland, Italy,
.Pakistan and Peru?offer new demands, includ-
ing free electiOnS, which- the General Assembly
is weighing. ' ?
- Yet the Soviet Government persista in its bar-
barous oppression of the Hungarian people, and
shows no willingness to admit U.N. observers or
to co-operate in any way with the world orgarii-
' zation of which it is a member.
? Why is Moscow so sensitive about What it has
done in Hungary? The events speak for them-
- selves. They have stripped the last pretense of
.Idealist Marxism from the first Communist state
Mid left it revealed as an imperialist oppressor. -
Lag Saturday night Russian authorities In
-Budapest had agreed to withdrawal of their
troops from the country. They received Deputy
Defense Minister Naleter and Chief of the Gen-
;Oral Staff Kovacs to discuss details. Then, with
savage treachery, they arrested the Hungarian
.negottators and unleashed all-Out war against
'the Country, haVing first sealed the Auttrian
border and ringed Budapest with tanks.
* *
These uncivilized acts followed A week and a
half in which Russia and its stooges had at.
tinted to put down the heroic upsurge of the
Hungarian people to regain their freedom
When 2000 peaceful demonstrators marched
ort Parliament Square in Budapest armed only
with Hungarian flags and shouting "Freedom for
Hungary!,' tanks and machine-guns opened fire
On them, killing 200 to 300. At the small village
'of Magyarovar peaSant farmers and their fami-
lies who tore the Russian 'flag from the. hated
'OS 55
T.
NOV 7 956
garrison in the'to-Wri-gquIre' Were-r-nowed' down
by Soviet guns. More than 80 were killed and
200 wounded, and Magyarovar has become to
Hungary what Lidice, wiped out by the Nazis in
the Second World War, Is to Czechoslovakia.
? Leaders of the revolution were hanged on,
? flagpoles and lamp-posts. Fighters for freedom'
trying to storm the radio building in the capital
were thrown from fourth-story windowS. 'The
streets seemed full of dead," said eyewitnesses..
Yet Hungarians, wildly happy because they be-
lieved they were going to be free, - walked:
straight and calm into murderous tanks and pins
with a coinage that Amazed the world.
Students, laborers, white collar workers, sol-
diers, housewives, children. threw themselves
? Into the battle for their homeland. From 10,000
upwards have been killed, and more than 30,000 ,
wounded.
*
Then, last weekend the Soviets cast all the .
merganized might of the second' Most powerful. -,
nation on earth against the unorganized and W-
armed. Hungarian patriots. Jet bombers and
fighters, more than 1000 armored tanks, heavy '
artillery, five divisions of troops fought. Men, -
women and children armed with light weapons?
or, lacking them, fighting with home-made .
bombs, knives, sticks, bottles and bare hands.
"On the watchtower of thousand/ear-old Hun-
gary, the flames begin to go out". broadcast a,
rebel radio to the world, "The Soviet army is at-:: ,
tempting to crush our troubled, hearts, , The
! shadows grow darker." ?
.
If the rulers' of Russia expect to retain any
shred of respect in the eyes of the civilized 4
world, they will call off their plunder of Hun-
gary. They will not obstruct 11,N. efforts to
restore self-government to that cruelly tortured' ;
country. ?
But regardless of what it does, the new Corn-
munist imperialism is doomed to failure. It can-
not impose its will forever upon the indomitable
kind of spirit which the people of Hungary have
shown to the peoples of the world theSe last
two weeks, Where Nazi and Fascist imperialism
have ' Already gone, Soviet imperialism is al-
ready bound.' '
The Voices From 13udapest
"Hope, for a season, bade the world'
farewell, And Freedom shrieked?as Kos-
ciusko fell!" These lines, written more
than 100 years ago about a great Polish
patriot who went down battling Russian
armies, might well stand today as a som-
ber epitaph for the martyred patriots of
Hungary. "Epitaph" is perhaps not the
right term, for the last word has not yet
been spoken in Hungary. Today the
news is disastrous, for it continues to
tell of a rebellion all but crushed by sav-
agery unparalleled in the post-war era.
Even the Soviet Union, with a long
and, black record of international crimes,
has 'set for itself a new low mark of
ruthlessness and heartlessness. The Hun-
garians, in their valor, not only had
broken away from Russian Communism,
they had indicated that they wished no
part of Communism of any kind. They
are now paying the price for their
bravery, and it is a price which can only
be exacted from the brave. Hope, Indeed,
has for a season bade the world farewell.
But the linngarians must know?and
perhaps even their oppressors dimly
sense it, too?that it has only gone for
a season and will burn brightly in the
world long after communism has fled.
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NEW YORK POST, SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 11, 1956
."%
Tke Elevolla
Will ;' Die
By Max Lerner
We keep hearing and reading that the revolt in Hungary has
ended and that the spark of freedom has been d.rowned in a river
of blood. But every such report is followed by another saying that
fighting has broken out again in Budapest. ?
There is a double truth here. This particular Hungarian revolt
Is as good as beaten, but there will he other breakouts and in the
end one, of them will succeed. Something has been started in
Hungary which will not die. '
In fact, while it is the Egyptian situation that keeps getting
the big headlines, the events in Eastern Europe may prove in the
Ring sweep of the future to have been even more important ones.
historians may be writing about this long after Eden, Mollet and
Nasser are only dimly remembered? names.
* * *
say this because the Hungarian revolt has, even in its tragic
failure, already had reverberating results.
It has shattered the myth that the East European satellites
are "people's democracies," and shown both, the hypocrisy of the
phrase,. and the hellowness of its claim. It has shown that the
Russians, when the pinch comes, fall back on naked power and
, suppression in the classic pattern of tyrannies throughout history.
It has shown, that lihrushchev and Co., despite their clamorous
indictment of Stalin's ruthlessness, are in fact no less ruthless
themselves when they feel their power cracking.
And .it has shown that, despite the Communist talk of West-
ern "imperialism" and "colonialism," the Kreinlin has a. colonial
empire which it can retain only by the 1.1rse of bloodier force than
the 10th Century empires ever used.
*
But there is something else the revolt has shown, that goes I
deeper than any of these, and is not limited to the Russians. Too:
many people in the West had come to believe that there is no limit
to what propaganda and indoctrination can do to the human mind.
They thought that the human mind is a slate that can be Wiped
clean of what the whole human past had written on it, and that
it then became open for any new legend that a Commissar might'
want to inscribe on it. Too many of us had come to believe in the
power of total indoctrination, especially if the propagandists of a
regime could work on the children from an early age.
This is what has now been proved false. Many of the Hun-
garian heroes who died. were still college students. Ten years ago
they were not yet in their teens. -The-commissars had a decade
in which to do their work on them?and they failed. Thousands of
these young people must have died knowing that their immediate
cause was hopeless, yet confident that others after them would
gain victory.
We have learned now that no indoctrination can ever destroy
the impulse of freedom.
* *
The Hungarian revolt is only the first of a succession that will ,
flare up all along the line of the Soviet colonial empire. It is the
start of a process that will be long-delayed and full of tragic. set-
backs, but that cannot be extinguished. It is the process of the break-
up of the Unholy Russian Empire.
? G. M. Trevelyan once wrote about the great revolutionary
year of 1848 in Europe. that it was "the turning point where his-
tory failed to turn." Maybe that will be true also of these East
European revolts, but I don't think so.
There are some simon-pure devotees of revolution who seem
to think that there were too many reactionaries in the Hungarian
revolt. There is even some talk that it was not revolutionary but
counter-revolutionary, and that if a Mindszenty government had
been set up it would have returned to the monarchical and reac-
tionary pattern of the pre-war Horthy regime.
It is hard to know just what kind of a revolt would satisfy
them. When you are fighting an oppressive totalitarian power,
then You try to combine groups of every political stripe against it..,
Your only question is whether they will fight *together. This was
true, for an instance, of the French Resistance movement against
Berlin and Vichy, when conservatives; Communists, Socialists and
Caullists joined in common action against a. common enemy. You
must first.join to destroy what is evil before you can start quarrel-
ing about what would best take its place.
*
It is important news that Tito has, after a too long silence,
finally spoken up on Hungary, and demanded in the UN that Soviet
troops be withdrawn. Tito had to do it, because otherwise the
young leaders in the Kremlin colonial countries would have lost
faith in him and in their common cause.
The influence of Tito'S 1948 break with the Kremlin can scarce-
iy be overstated. He survived largely because Truman and Acheson
at that time had sense enough to see that Titoism was a seed that
would grow and reach fruition in other satellites as well.
It is dramatic also to see how unimpressed the whole Asian.
Arab bloc has been about the revolt in Hungary. Evidently they
'think that liberation from colonialism is their own special mono-
poly, and that the Russians are not an imperalism.
My conviction is that the revolt against the Kremlin .empire
cannot be stopped. The Russians will, of course, be able to shoot
down more thousands with their tanks and guns. But already the
Hungarian cities are littered with death and devastation. How long
will the Russians be able to go on destroying the sources of their
booty and power? It is no great advantage to have imperial rule "
when what you rule over is a graveyard.
38
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BaIto.. Sun
Nov 13 56
Report On Hungary
The newspaper reporters who were
trapped in Budapest, among them
Mr. Edward C. Burks of The ,un,
have come out ,safely to Austria, and
have filed vivid factual reports on the
events of the past week in the shat-
tered Hungarian capital. Their dis-
patches make clear, in terrible detail,
the viciousness with which the Rus-
sian troops suppressed the rebellion.
They make clear, also, three other
things of special note: the scale of
the fighting, the unanimity of the
Hungarian people in resistance and
the particular valor of the young
Hungarians who fought the hardest
and died in the greatest numbers.
It was large-scale fighting. Fifteen
to 'twenty Soviet divisions went into
action in Hungary, and it was not a
police action, as Moscow has been I
trying to pretend it was. It was a war
'between the Soviet Union and the
Hungarian people; a war that Hun-
gary has lost, with casualties in the
tens of thousands.
This was Hungary that fought; not
just bands of rebels. Except for the
inevitable, handful of skulking collab-
orators, Hungary rose as a nation
against its hated masters. Any doubt
.about how Hungary feels toward the
.SoViet Union is now removed, and it
is hardly too much to say that it is
removed forever.
, Mr. Burks, in his first dispatch
after he reached Austria, laid special
'emphasis On the way in which the
,young Hungarians, including the uni-
..versity students, fought against the
Russians and against communism. Of
.all the circumstances of recent weeks
? in the Soviet empire, it is this that
will disturb Moscow most; for we see
here the vital flaw, the fatal miscal-
culation, that must in the end destroy
the Soviet system.
Who are these university students,
the young people who have fought
and died in Hungary, who stood in
the forefront of the movement for a
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freer Poland, who are demanding
change in Czechoslovakia?
They are the Communist intel-
lectual elite?or, rather, they are the
people the Communists thought they
were training to become ? the Corn?
-
munist elite, the men and women who ,
would lead the Communist move-
ment in the next stage of its struggle
for world domination.
They are not sons and daughters
of the old "bourgeoisie," "remnants
of the old order!' They are young
people who have few or no memories
of any order before communism. They
have been carefully screened. They
have been given vast advantages,- or
what. their masters supposed were
advantages, in a program of massive
indoctrination through the innumera-
ble "youth" groups covering all
aspects of their lives, including play.
They have been shown prospects al-
most limitless for advancement and
prestige.
Above all they have been chosen
for intelligence, and this, apparently,
was the great Soviet Mistake. For
when you select people for intel4
ligence, and train them to think, the
catch, from the totalitarian point of I
view, is that you cannot control their!
thoughts. You cannot send people to Is
an ancient university like,. say,
Charles University in Prague, and
keep them unaware of the great
tradition ? of freedom their school
represents, even though its ,freedom
is once 'again temporarily restricted..
, When, in addition, you give young
People new national heroes, like the
defenders of Killian Barracks, "the.
Alamo of Budapest," you have, if you
are an iniperialist power, lost them.
The Kremlin has lost the young
people of the satellites, upon whom
all its imperial plans depended. And
there must be those in the Kremlin
today who are wondering about the
secret thoughts of other young people
closer to home, the young intellectual
elite of the Soviet Union itself.
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M. Times
NOV 12 1956
COEXISTENCE IN BUDAPEST
Soviet First Deputy Premier
Anastas I. Mikoyan said at the
twentieth Communist Party Con-
gross in Moscow last February:1
"Our enemies say that in the final
analysis we are for war, since we
want to spread communism through-
out the world by means of war.
; They argue that at present we are
not prepared for this and therefore
want peaceful coexistence until we
are well prepared and can impose
communism by attacking with
. weapons in our hands. * This is
a slander on our policy. Communism
does not need war: It is against
war. The ideas of communism will
win without war." ?
An official Soviet statement is-,
sued in Moscow last Saturday
de-
clared: "The U. S. S. R. was and re-
mains a consistent supporter of
friendship, cooperation and peaceful
coexistence of states independent of
their social systems..* * * [The So-
viet people] sympathize with those
peoples who wish to throw off the
shameful colonial yoke and to find
independence."
This is the way it was in Buda-
pest this past week as seen by
Times correspondents John MaeCor-
mack and Henry G4niger:
The citizens of Budapest had gone
to bed happy Saturday night, Nov.
S. They believed they were on the
verge of a new era Of national inde-
pendence. They knew that their
united struggle had produced a Govt
eminent headed by Premier Imre
Nagy which stood for national inde-
pendence, the exit of the Soviet
troops, neutrality and an end to
the long era of oppression. Many
knew that the commander of their '
national army, a hero of the revolu-
tion, was negotiating with Soviet
generals for the withdrawal of So-
viet troops.
They were awakened Sunday
morning by the sound of artillery
fire in the streets. When they
looked through, their windows they
saw Soviet tanks clanking through;
the thoroughfares. When they turned
on their radios they heard their
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Premier tell them their newborn
democratic republic was under So-
viet ateack.
Thus began the nightmarish days
which were yesterday still continu-
ing. With the advantages of sur-
prise and treachery on their side
the Soviet troops took over Buda-
quickly.
But the people of Budapest who
arms were quick too. Soon
their answering shots rang out. The
6oet troops soon made clear what
their instructions were. A shot from
a building was enough to bring
death and destruction from cannons
directed at the entire street on
which the building stood: The So-
viet troops considered everything a
suitable traget, not hesitating even
to open fire on a children's clinic,
killing the babies in it. Firing their
machine guns indiscriminately, they
killed a Yogoslav diplomat, repre-
sentative of a Government which
had condoned with silence what was
being done.
Looting and rape were also on the
Soviet soldiers' minds, and they
showed themselves often worthy.
followers of the Soviet troops who
had looted and raped in 1945. The
killing of innocent civilians hurry-
ing through the streets trying to
get food for their hungry families
was a minor matter for the Soviet
troops engaged in resubjug-ating
their Hungarian colony.
Today Budapest is a ruined and
shattered city, far more completely
destroyed than it was by the fight-'. . .
ing in 1945: Tens of thousands of
its people, Particularly its youth,
have .heen killed or wounded. Un-
counted others have been arrested.
The Soviet troops and their Hun-
garian secret police Minions rule
now. The defenders of Hungarian
freedom can now only hide and
wage sporadic partisan warfare.
Thus have the "blessings of so-
cialism" been brought to Budapest
again. Thus has the policy of
"peaceful coexistence" been ex-
pressed in practice. Thus has the..
Soviet attitude toward colonialism
been made clear beyond doubt.
4o
NOV 1 5 1956
THE MEANING OF HUNGARY
In the current issue of the New
Leader the purged but not impris-
oned Yugoslav ex-Communist lead-
er, Milovan ]Djilas, hails the Hun-
garian revolution as "a new phe-
nomenon, perhaps no less meaning-
ful than the French or Russian
Revolution." He does so because,
as he says, that revolution "placed
on the agenda the problem of free-
dom in communism; that is to say,
the replacement of the Communist
system itself 'by a new social sys-
tem."
Coming from one who lives even
today in a Communist dictatorship
and who knew for a long time the
inside workings of such totalitarian
rule, these are important statements
which bear careful consideration.
This is particularly true because
we have been witnessing a new
phase of the Hungarian revolution
this last week, one even more dra-
matic and significant than the
original armed fighting. That new
phase is the general strike of the
Hungarian working class against
the Soviet oppressors.
Everywhere in Hungary today
there are Soviet tanks, Soviet bomb-
ing planes, Soviet bayonets and So-
viet soldiers. But throughout the
country the great majority of the
workers defy their conquerors. The
factories stand idle. Offices are shut.
Xesterday even the staff of the Com-
munist newspaper Szabad Nep went
on strike. Such a phenomenon in a
Communist country is without prec-
edent. Could anything speak more
eloquently of the unity of the over-
whelming mass of the Hungarian peo-
ple against the foreign oppressor?
That this passive resistance has
driven the Soviet despots furious is
also clear from their latest terror
tactics. As even the Soviet-con-
?
trolled Radio Budapest admitted yes-
terday, mass deportations of Hun-
garian men, women and children to
the Soviet Union are under way. In
this hour Khrushchev and Company
are doing in Aungary what Stalin
did to the Checheils, the Crimean
Tartars, the Ingush, the Volga Ger-
mans, the Kalmuks and other So-
viet minorities.
But Khrushchev, in condemning
Stalin last February, pointed out
that Stalin could not deport the
Ukrainians because there were too
many of them. There are fewer Hun-
garians than Ukrainians, far fewer.
Will Moscow try to solve its Hun-
garian problem by a policy of geno-
cide through deportation? The out-
look is not good. Now, if ever, the
free world must raise its protests;
inside and outside the United Na-
tions, against> Russian barbarism
! in Hungary.
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THE NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDAY, NOVEMB kR 9, 1956.
_ Text of Resolutions and Excerpts From
Assembly Hungarian Issue
_ Debate on :the: Hun ?
urgently needed bY the cinrian The Cuban Go?rnr nent con- ---'----------
. population in Hungary; siders that what was done by ?
1. Calls upon the U. S. S. R. the Soviet troops in Hungary
to cease immediately actions was a flagrant violation of the
against the Hungarian popula- agreement on the prevention
ton which are in violation of of the crime of genocide,
the accepted standards and which agreement the Soviet
principles of international law, Union and Hungary had not
justice and morality; only signed, but ratified.
2. Calls upon the Hungarian There have been over 65,000
BY ITALY, CUBA, IRELAND, PAX- autiaerities to facilitate, and Hungarians killed by the
MAN AND PERU the.1,r.. S. S. R. not to inter- armed forces of the Soviet
ferseVith, the receipt and din- Union; which had no right
The General Assembly, tribiltiOn of food and medical whatsoever to intervene in
NOting with deep concern .
supplieS to the Hungarian" peo- questions falling within ?the
that the provisions of its res- pie and to cooperate fully with internal competence of Hun-
olution of 4 November have. the United Nations and its ape- gary.
not yet been carried out and ciali agencies as well as
The crime of genocide, such
that the violent repression by tedj
other !nternational organize- as these sad events in Hun. Frederick R. Boland,
the Soviet forces of the ef- tion ei witch as the International gary, is customary for the So- Ireland
forts of the Hungarian people RedhOTOss to provide humani- viet Union. It has done that ?
to achieve freedom and inde-tartan sistance to the people
in the Soviet Union itself. What hs happened in Hun-'
itS
pendence continues, of Hungary; Mr. Khrushchev [Nikita S. gary in the . last five. or six
Convinced that the recent3. the U
Khruslichev, Soviet party sec- days is surely one of the
events in Hungary clearly, the. Urges U. S. S. R. and
the listsigaria.n authorities to retaryj himself made a state- blackest chapters in the his-
(lesire of the Hungarian peo- cooperfte fully with the Sed- ment in which he accused tory of our times. That the
pie to exercise and to enjoy retarYLGeneral and his dilly Marshal Stalin and --showed world should be forced to wit- .
fully their fundamental rights, apparitecl representatives for that Marshal Stalin did com- ness such a spectacle at this
- freedom and independence, the tarrying out of the tasks mit genocide against the Ta- stage in the history of human
Considering that foreign in- reforrAd to above. tars in the Crimea, against progress is a reproach to our
tervention in Hungary is an R;eFonsidering that as a re- the Germans on the Volga, civilization and a challenge to
Intolerable attempt to deny to suit ,!:if the harsh and repres- against the ICalmucks and all the values which this or-
the Hungarian people the ex- sivei, action of the Soviet against other Caucasian peo- ganization exists to preserve.
ercise and the enjoyment ofNone of us can be under the
armed foeces, increasingly plea.
such rights, freedom and inde-larg,e The Soviet Union of today slightest misapprehension or
, numbers of refugees are
pendence, and in particular to being obliged to leave Hun- is doing in Hungary' exactly illusion now as to the signifi-
deny to the Hungarian people gary and seek asylum in what it had done under Mar-
cance of what' has taken place
the right to a government neighboring countries;
shal Stalin many times on the since Sunday. The , Soviet
freely elected arid represent- l Union has claimed that it in-
y of the Soviet
e Requests the Secretary very territory -
ing its national aspirations, General to call upon the Unit- Union.
tervened in Hungary in re-
Consid e? e.rin that the repres- ed Nations High Commissioner Once the Stalinists has been sponse to the desire of the
sion undertaken by the Soviet for Refugees to consult with removed, many Pconle in the workers of that country to
defeat a counter-revolution' of
other appropriate international ? world thought that the change
forces in Hungary constitutes
: -- - ' '
a violation of the Charter of ? agencies and interested goy-
landlords and capitalists.
the United Nations, of the ernments with a view to mak-
in the policy of the Soviet By what right or title does
Pence Treaty between ing speedy and effective ar-
Union was a sincere one. We the Soviet Union claim ? to
Hun-
hoped that their words were
Sincere and that there had
been a drastic change in So-
viet policy. Now it is clear to
us who know them well that
it was a change in tactics but
not a change in purpose. They
continued to maintain a fero-
cious imperialism and domi-
nated many peoples, oppres-
sing them in opposition to all
the principles of justice.
Those steps must lead to the
nonrecognition of the new Hun-
garian Government and to a
refusal to 'admit it to our
forthcoming session of the
Special to The New York Times.
UNITED NATIONS, N.
Nov. 8?Following ore the texts
of resolutions introduced, into the
General Assembly and, excerpts
from, the debate in the special
session of the Assembly today:
Resolutions -
tions should Apply certain cri-
teria in one case and other
criteria in another case be-
cause the 'Soviet Union is in-
volved. If we act in the same
-way in both cases, if ..we call
'upon the Soviet Union to ful-
fill its duties as indeed we.
called upon the United King-
dom, France and Israel to corn-
Ply with theirs, I am sure that
the United Nations will have
sufficient influence and au-
thority to deserve the respect
and the plaudits of all people
of good-will in the world.
gary and the Associated pow- rangernents for emergency
ors and of . the Convention on -, assietance-- to refugees from
Genocide, . Hungary, - ?
Considering that the imme- 2. Urges member states to !
diate withdrawal of the Soviet. make special contributions for
forces from Hungarian' terrie this purpose.
....? ___..e.
1
tory is necessary, - - te .. -
1. Calls again upon the Gov-- ?- .,
Emilio Nanez-Portuondo,
eminent of the Union or So-
viet Socialist Republics .,to , Cuba
withdraw its forces from Hun- . (Translated From tire Spanish)
N
gars, without any further o words can describe the
delay; , .
spectacle of a young man rep-
2. .
Considers that free elec- resenting Hungary coming to
tions should bp held in Hun- this rostrum to give his bless-
gary under United Nations Mg to the assassination' of-
auepices, as soon- as law and thousands of his fellow-nation-7
order have been restored, to als and to tellsts -that nothing
enable the people of Hungary has happened in Hungary. I.
to determine for themselves should like to protest most ye-
the form of Government they hemently such a manifestation
wish to establish in their court- and to state that, as far as the
'try; Cuban Government is ? con-
3. Reaffirm its request -to corned, he does not represent
the Secretary General to con- either the people -or the Gov-
tinue to investigate through
representatives named by him
the situation caused 'by foreign
intervention in Hungary and
to report at the. earliest pos-
sible moment to the General
Assembly.
4. Requests the Secretary
General to report in the short-
est possible time to the Gen-
eral Assembly on compliance.
BY THE . UNITED ST. TES
speak or act for the workers
of Hungary or, indeed, for any' .
' other -section of the Hungarian-
nation ? Surely to goodness,.
there must be few people in
the world so gullible as to be
deceived by , so ..hollow and
cynical a pretext. -
? The conclusions to be drawn ?
from recent events in Hungary
are quite unmistakable, and
It is Well, I think, that we in
this Assembly should state
them plainly so that the people
of Hungary may know that we.
do not misjudge or misunder-
stand them but that, on -the
contrary,' we honor them and
General Assembly, because sympathize with therm and
representatives sent here by feel for them deeply in all
that regime represent nobody the horror and tragedy of their
but the oppressors of the Hun- p .
?garian people. I hope that we shall not
We must take measures to ? simply lie back and leave the
denounce before the world the resolution of - Nov. 4 where it
eminent of Hungary. Soviet Union's violation of the - is, but that we shall continue
?
Convention of Genocide. It is to use the moral authority of
I have apecific instructions .
also necessary for us to insist the United Nations, which slur-
from my Government to state again upon the immediate ing the past week has proved
that we neither accepted it as withdrawal of Soviet troops itself a potent and constructive
a de facto Government .nor from Hungary. It is also nec- factor in another context, to
even recognized its existence essa-ry for the United Nations ? assert the indefeasible rights
and that it is our hope that to make every effort to secure of the Hungarian nation and
all Governments which repre- free .elections in Hungary, so to safeguard the principles of
sent the free peoples of the that the Hungarian people the charter,
world will follow our example may ,he able to decide their The Soviet Union has been
and accord the new Govern- future for themselves, diligent in asserting the right
meat of Hungary no recogni- The Latin-American delega- of subject peoples to political
The General Assembly, tion whatever, either e explicit tions voted in favor of the de- independence and in dispens-
or implicit, since it is a Gov- tense of Egypt because we ing its benedictions to nations
A. Considering that the milt- ernment which was formed considered that clear and struggling to be free. I speak
ta sy authorities of the U.S.S.R. exclusively by tneans\eOf the specific provisions of the of the professions of the Soviet
are interfering in ? the trans- aeneed intervention of Soviet Charter had been violated. We Union in the past,
portation and Idistribution of
troops,
do not think that any delega- For us in Ireland, and I von-
food and medical supplies
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ture to think that for the peo-
ple of many other of the
smaller nations represented
here, any mention in the fu-
ture of national independence
or anti-colonialism or the right ?
of self-determination by any
spokesman of the Soviet
Union, will always evoke in
our minds a single name, a
name on which the courage
and endurance of a very gal-
lant people have shed a great,
. and undying glory, the name
of Hungary.
Joza Brilej,
Yugoslavia
? We have a natural. interest
in the developments that are
taking place in Eastern. Eu-
rope and especially in the
efforts that are being made
to establish. relations between:.
the countries Of that region on
the basis of independence, sov-
ereign equality and friendly
Where these trends have
been 'allowed to run their'
? course without outside iriapedi.,!:[
ment, they have been develop-
ing in a more or less smooth'
and generally orderly .manner.
; cooperation.
Where, on the contrary,, at-
tempts have been made to re-
tard them or to divert them'
into channels which reflect a
wholly unrealistic tendency to:
put the clock back and estab?
lish the pre-World War
social and political patterns,
the result has been strife and.
turmoil. That is what has.
happened in Hungary.
. However, this is not the.
whole picture. There. is the.
question of the involvement of
the Soviet troops in the in-
ternal affairs of . ? Hungary.,
There can be no doubt as to,
where nay Government stands
with regard to such an: in-
volvement. We have always
opposed the inte.,:vention of
foreign ,armed forces in the
Internal affairs of a country,
as it is contrary to the funda-
mental principles upon which '
the entire foreign policy of my ,
country rests. We still hope,
in .view of the declaration of
the Soviet Union of Oct. 30, .
1956, that Soviet troops will
be withdrawn. [The declara-
tion pledged talks leading to
the withdrawal ?of Soviet '
troops from the Warsaw Pact
nations.]
? Yugoslavia has always strong-
ly advocated the line of strict
noninterference in Hungary's
Internal affairs and of full
respect for its sovereign
rights.
The less interference, from
whatever source, there is in
their internal affairs, the bet-
ter it will be for the Hungarian
People and for the peace of
the ? world. The Hungarian
people are surely mature
enough to settle their own
problems in accordance with
. their interests and their wishes.
Jose Felix De Liquericai
Spain
Translation from the Spanish) .
The Spanish Government is
ready and willing to co-oper-
ate in every manner that the
Secretary General May find
useful in the humanitarian
task, to cooperate in making
available what may be re-
quired by the Hungarian peo-
ple._
The proposal of sending a
supervisory United Nations
force does not seem to me to '
be at all absurd. '
I have the greatest trust in
the public opinion of the world
these last days, and the Soviet !
Union cannot ignore' it. '
In a similar matter, we have
seen recently how important
powers have agreed to the;
sending of such forces to re-
establish order in order to
separate conflicting forces and
to restore independence to an ,
invaded country. Why cotticr
we not now do the same thing
in the case of the Soviet .
Union?
I am no 'convinced by the'
argument which I heard re
j
t
cently that. the greater inde-
pendence allowed, to Hungary
will solve the problem. When
a great foreign army invades
a country and when that army,
remains on the frontiers ready
to invade the country again,
this cannot be called true in.
dependence. It is rather a
preparation'. for one more
blood-bath as soon as the Hun.
garian people begin to act in.
&pendently. ?
Spain wishes to address it.
self to the Hungarian people,
who are now suffering so
grievously. We believe the
present 'debate being held in
the 'United Nations to be of ,
the greatest value, for it may
bring consolation and encour?
agement to those who are suf.
fering. We hope that the 'elo.
quent statements which have
been made here, and even my
present statement, may ? be
heard in Hungary Over sortie '
patriotic radio station. In this
way, we may bring encourage. ?
ment to'Hungary.frorn all over
the world.
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THE
NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1956.
TextQf U
Resolution and Excerpts From
eb te on the Triun anan Issue
ssembly
Special to The New York Times.
UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.
Nov. 4-4'0o-wing is the text of
a resolution voted today by the
General Assembly and excerpts
from the debate in the Assembly
on the Hungarian situation:
Resolution
The General Assembly,
Considering that the United
Nations is based on the prin-
ciple of the sovereign equality
of all its members;
Recalling that the enjoy-
ment of human rights and-of
k'undamental freedoms in Hun-
gary was specifically guaran-
teed by the Peace Treaty be-
tween- Hungary and the Allied
and Associated Powers signed
at Paris on Feb. 10, 1917, and
that the general principle of
these rights and freedoms is
affirmed for all peoples in
the: ? Charter. of the United
Nations;
Convinced that recent events ?
In Hungary .manifest clearly ?
the desire of the? Hungarian
' people to exercise and to en- ?
joy fully their fundamental
rights, freedoms and independ- -
once; . ?
Deploring the use of Soviet.
military forces to supprese the
efforts of the Hungarian peo-
11:e to reassert their rights;
Noting, moreover, the dec-
laration by the Soviet Govern-
ment of Oct. 30, 1916, of its
avowed policy_ of noninterven- .
-Lion in the internal affairs ofH:
other slates; - ? ?
Noting the communication
of Nov. 1, 1956, of the Govern-
ment of Hungary to the
Secretary General regarding
-demands made by that Gov-
ernment; to the Government of
the U. S. S. R. for the instant
and immediate' withdrawal of
Soviet forces;
Noting further the com-
munication of Nov.: 2, 1956,
from the Government of Hun-
gary to the Secretary General
asking the Security Council to
instruct the Soviet and Hun-
garian Governments to start
the negotiations immediately
on - withdrawal of Soviet
forces;
Noting that the intervention
of Soviet military forces in
Hungary has resulted in grave
loss or life and widespread
bloodshed among the Hungar-
ian people;
Taking note of the .radio
appeal of Prime Minieter
Imre Nagy of Nov. 1, 1956;
1. Calls upon the Govern-
merit of the U. S. S. R. to de.;
sist forthwith from all armed
attack on the people of Hun-
gary, and from any forms: of
intervention, in particular
armed intervention in the in-
ternal affairs of Hungary;
2. Calls upon the.U. S. S. R.
to cease the introduction of
additional 'armed forces into
Hungary and to Withdraw all
Of it orces without delay
--2'from Hungarian territory;
3. Affirms the right of the
Hungarian people to a Gov-
ernment responsive to its na-
tional aspirations' and dedi-
cated to its independence and
well-being.'
1. Requests the. Secretary
General to inVeStigate this
situation caused by foreign in-
tervention in Hungary, to ob-
serve directly through ?repre-
sentatives named by him the
situation ih Hungary, and to
report thereon to the General,
'Assembly at the earliest possi-
ble moment and as soon as
possible suggest -metraods to
bring to an end the existing
situation.
5. Calls Upon the Govern?
Ment of Hungary and the Gov-
ernment of the U. S. S. R. to
permit observers designated
by the Secretary General to
enter the territory of Hun-
gary, to travel freely therein
and to report their findings. to
the Secretary General;
6. Calls upon all members
of the United Nations to co-
operate with the Secretary
General and his representa-
tives, in the execution of its
functions;
7. Requests the Secretary
General, in consultation with
the heads of appropriate spe-
cialized agencies, ? to inquire,
on an urgent basis, into the
needs of the Hungarian people
for food, medicine and other
similar supplies, and to report
to the Security Council LIS
soon as possible; ?
8. Requests all members of
the United 'Nations, and in-
vites national and internation-
al humanitarian organizations
to cooperate in Making avail-
able such supplies as may
be required by the Hungarian
'people. ?
Dr. Victor?A. ii-elaunde,
Peru'
(Unofficial translatiOn from the Spanish)
After the debates in the
Security Council, after the au-
thoritative information which
has been confirmed here by
the very words 'of the repre-
sentative of the Soviet Union,
it is unnecessary to speak of
the facts of the present matter
before us. These facts are
known to all delegations
through the press. But I do
wish to call attention to the
following circumstances.
Every delegation was aware
that there was a Government
in Hungary?the Government
of Prime Minister Nagy. We
knew that that Government
had been changed, that new
parties had been brought in,
that it was embarking upon
negotiations with the 'Soviet
Union. We know that that
Government, as it was entitled
to do, was demanding the
withdrawal of Soviet troops
from Hungarian soil; and to-
day we know?and this is a
matter which is fraught with
gravity?from the statement
just made by the representa-
tive of the Soviet Union, that
that Government, which was
backed by the enthusiastic
uprising of the Hungarian
people?a movement which
meant _the sacrifice of men.
and women and youth, all of
whom participated in this
demonstration?has fallen, .has
been overthrown. And by
whom? .
Has it. been overthrown by
Cardinal Mindszenty, a hero
and a symbol of liberty and
-faith in Hungary? Has it been
overthrown by the gallant
Hungarian youths who rose
against the Soviet tanks with
no weapon but their courage
and their enthusiasm? Has it
been overthrown by the Hun-
garian people, who, through-
out their country, have fought
against the Soviet troops?
? That Government has been
overthrown by new incursions
of troops, by new movements
of Soviet tanks, This is a fla-'
grant instance of the over-
throw of a Government
through external intervention,
and it was admitted here to-
day at this very rostrum in.
the statement just made by
the representative of the So-
viet Union. Therefore, I shall
say no more about facts; I
rest content with the facts
which have been made so clear
by the representative of the
Soviet Union.
With regard to the Warsaw
Pact, I submit that it did not
authorize the permanent ,sta-
tioning of Soviet troops on
Hungarian soil. According to
the peace treaty with Austria,
those troops were to be with-
drawn from Hungary as soon
as stich a treaty had been
concluded.
Let us leave aside three
legal points, which are mean-
ingless in view of the confes-
sions of the parties involved.
Over and above these consid-
erations there is a human fact
which speaks to the conscience
of each and every one of us.
Waves of Hungarian youths
have fallen before the Soviet
tanks. The slaughter contin-
ued. Thousands of human be-
ings lost their lives. However,
despite this, the Government
remained in its position and it
was strong enough to compel
the Soviet Union to initiate
negotiations. But that Gov-
ernment was also compelled
to give representation to other
forces in Hungary. That toy-
eminent abolished the ridicu?
tons one-party political system,
but then was overthrown by
_the. Soviet Union.
We are witnessing with
some hope the disintegration
of the Stalinist empire, but IV
is absurd to believe that, when
this disintegration has begun
in response to the clamor of
all the people as in Hungary
and Poland, it is possible to
, restore an imperialistic Gov.
eminent forcibly. This cannot
be done, for the atmosphere
throulicut the world has been
metamorphosed.
Here in the United Nations
we are relecting what has al-
ways existed in mankind, the
profound conscience of all men
in favor of justice and
morality.
-
Henry 'Cabot Lodge Jr.
United States
At dawn this morning, So-
viet:troops in Hungary opened
fire in Budapest and through-
out the country. We learn
from Vienna that the Soviet
artillery was firing incendiary
phosphorus shells at centers
of civilian ,population. These
are the shells which set fire to
buildings and which , burned
the flesh of women and chil-
dren and other civilian non-
combatants.
Prime Minister Nagy has
appealed to the United Na-
tions for help?and I must say
we can understand it. After
several days of ominous re-
ports, the situation in Hungary
has become all too clear.
What is revealed is the sicken-
ing picture of duplicity and
double-dealing.,
While this wholesale brutal-
ity by the Soviet Government
was being perpetrated, the
Soviet representative here in
this hall was praising peace
and praising non-aggression
and raising his harid in hor-
ror against bloodshed in the
Middle East. All Of us who
were striving with every
fibre of our being- for peace
in the Middle East can never
forget, this unutterable cynic-
ism.
For the last few days Soviet
troop movements in Hungary
have been reported. These re-
ports have been accompanied
by Soviet assurances to the
United Nations and to the
Hungarian Government that
Soviet troops in Hungary has
not and would not be rein-
forced. The reported move-
ments were pictured as the
redeployment of Soviet forces
stationed in the country as
late as 10 o'clock last night.
Also on Oct. 29 the Czecho-
slovak Communist party sent
a message to the Hungarian
Communists ? it will be re-
called that Nagy himself is a
Communist who sought to lead
his country to freedom from
Soviet enslavement?in which
it expressed its support for
Nagy's efforts to "achieve
progress" and "deepen Social-
ist democracy."
That is what they were say-
ing on Oct. 28 and 29. Now,'
what could have changed the
situation in so short a time?
The desire of Prime Minister
Nagy to govern Hungary for
the Hungaens ? Does the So-
viet Union fear this? The con-
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43
?
slant, deceitful reiApplIOVe
of the Soviet troops in Hun-
gary during these fateful days
says that they do.
It is now reliably reported
that Soviet forces occupied the
Parliament building in Buda-
pest. Prime Minister Nagy and
other members of his Govern-
ment are now under arrest.
Pal Maleter, the Minister of
Defense and heroic defender
of the Maria Theresa barracks
against Soviet assault, who
only yesterday was engaged in
negotiations with Soviet mili-
tary representatives for troop
withdrawal, is also under ar-
rest. A Soviet ultimatum was
issued calling for capitulation
of Budapest by noon, and
? threatening the bombing of
the city if it did not capitu-
late,
As I announced in the Se-
curity Council meeting at 4
o'clock this morning, Cardinal
Mindszenty and his secretary
have sought refuge at the
United States Legation in Bu-'
dapest. I think that makes it
appropriate to quote a recent
broadcast, Only yesterday,
which Cardinal Mindszenty
uttered on Radio Budapest,
and I would like just to quote
a. passage because these are
the last public words spoken
by Cardinal Mindszenty that
we have:
"A national feeling should
never again be a source of
fighting between countries but
the pledge of justice and of
peaceful cooperation. Let. the?
feeling of nationality flourish
in the whole world M the field
of common culture. Thus the
progress of one country will
carry along the other country
between nations which, accord-
ing to the law of nature, are
more and more reliant on each
other.
We Hungarians want to live
and act as the standard bear-
ers of the . family peace of
European nations, a peace not
artificially proclaimed but a
peace which means true friend-
ship between the nations. And
even looking . towards, more
distant parts, we, the little '
nations, desire to live in friend-
ship and in mutual respect
With . the great United States
and with the mighty Russian
'Empire alike, in good neigh-
borly relations with Prague,
Bucharest, Warsaw and Bel-
grade, and in this regard I
must mention that for the
brotherly understanding in our :
present suffering every Hun-
garian has embraced to his
heart Austria."
New Regime Assailed
That is what could, in all
solemn truth, be called 'the
spirit of peaceful coexistence,
as uttered by Cardinal Minds-
zenty, in the best sense of the
word, if Soviet hypocrisy had
not robbed that phrase of all
honest meaning.
_Let ..115_110t. be deceived by
this wanton and conscienceless
act of aggression against the
Hungarian people and its Gov-
ernment. A small group of So-
viet urea announced their own
formation as a government at
the moment that Soviet troops
began their attack. We have
seen no passage of govern-
mental authority from one
Hungarian Government to an-
other', hut only the creation of
a puppet clique and the over-
throw of a liberal Socialist
*.
FIODAR*TIMIONIVI-RDInfie0271741ROG02130
,ss disregard of its obliga-
these troops go. Lions under the Charter by its
Two hour' A after the attack
began, the new puppet group
appealed to the Soviet Union
to come to its assistance. It
cannot, be maintained, there-
fore, that the Soviet action is
, undertaken in response to any
I request for assistance. The "as-
sistance," and I put that word
in quotes, arritred long before .
the call.
We must take drastic and
decisive action here in this As-
sembly to answer the appeal
of the Hungarian Government.
The United States delegation,
therefore, is submitting a draft
resolution which we believe
should be promptly put to the
vote.
It is aimed at securing
speedy action to cope with
this grave situation. We do
not believe that it is sufficient
only to call upon the Soviet
Union to desist from any fur-
ther intervention in the inter-
nal affairs of Hungary and to
I withdraw all its troops with-
out delay. We urge also that
the Secretary General directly
should investigate the situa-
tion in Hungary without delay
and report to the Assembly as.
soon as possible. We call upon
the U. S. S. R. and Hungary
to admit representatives Of the
Secretary General to Hunga-
rian territory, and if there is
nothing to hide they have
nothing to fear from the visit
of impartial observers.
Let us ask the members of
this Assembly these questions:
Has the Soviet Union shown
"respect for fundamental hu-
man rights and for the pur-
poses and .principles of the,
Charter of the United Nations"
in its action in Hungary? Has
It shown "respect for the
sovereignty and territorial in-
tegrity of all nations?" Has
the Soviet Union abstained
from intervention or interfer-
ence in the internal affairs of
another country? Has it re-
frained from acts or threats
of aggression or the use of :
force against the territorial
integrity or political independ-
ence of any country?" The
facts speak for themselves.
We cannot stand idly by
while Hungarians are dragged
bodily back into servitude,
even as they were re-?emerg-
ing to independence and free-
dom, The principles set forth
in the Charter Of the United
Nations are at stake. The "-
basic and fundamental right
of self-determination, which so
many in this hall have en-
dorsed time and again, is in
grave danger. If we fail to
act, it will constitute a base
betrayal of the people of.Hun-
gary, who have appealed to
us for aid. The Hungarian
. people can be sure that the
United Nations will accept
their cause as its own,
Lester B. Peason,
Canada
Notwithstanding the words
of the Soviet representative,
in the past twenty-four hours
we have witnessed in Hungary
one of the greatest and grim-
mest betrayals in history.
It is first of all and above
all the people of Hungary who
have been betrayed?the stu-
dents, the peasants, the work-
ers, whom the Soviet Union so
frequently professes to cham-
pion.
armed intervention has how-
ever done more than kill Hun-
garians. It has betrayed the
principles and ? ideals of our
United Nations. We .have
heard a great deal in recent
days ? from the representative
of the Soviet Union about the
iniquities of aggression, the
.unpardonable sin of force ex-
erted by large countries upon
small uocnitriodnrtenbreoseh
small countries in order to
bend them to the imperialist
will, as he put it.
There is no need for me to
dwell now on the hypocrisy of
the Soviet concern for one
small nation when its own
tanks and bombers are corn- I
pelling an even smaller nation, '
which has briefly but glori-
ously raised its head, to put
on the chains again.
The Soviet representative
had made the parallel between
the situation in Egypt and the
situation in Hungary. I would
reply, first, that the United
Nations should judge each sit-
uation on its merits. But I
would reply also that there is
no parallel between the inten-
tions of free democratic na
tions with a long history of
respect for the rights of other
nations, with those of a dicta-
torial regime, which has not
shown the slightest under-
standing of international col7
laboration or consideration ft"
the rights of others. ?
That difference is, I think,
very _clearly revealed in the
resent situations. The gov-..
ernments of the United King-
dom and France have stated
,firmly and publicly that they
are prepared to hand over
what they claim to be solely
their police force to a United
Nations flame, a force we are
now trying to organize. It is
quite true that there remain
differences between the Brit-
ish and theFrench on the one
hand and a majority of the
Assembly on the other, on the.
conditionsiin which this trans-
fer can take place. Neverthe-
less, a transfer has been
accepted as necessary and de-
sirable , and a promise has
been given that it will take
place. 'a.
Yesterday, 'my' Government
proposed the intervention of a
United Nations force for
peaceful purposes in the Mid-
dle East, and that proposal
secured the overwhelming ma;
jority of this Assembly. No
single vote was cast against
it. Why should we not now
establish a' United Nations
mission or United Nations su-
pervisory machinery of an ap-
propriate kind for the situation
in Hungary? So I ask the So-
viet Union to accept this
chance, perhaps this last
chance, to prove its good faith
to the world,
Louis de Guiringaud,
France
(Tr...lemon from the French)
The world is thunderstruck,
horrified and angry. I am sure
this assembly feels likewise
for it represents the conscience
of the world.
,For the past eight days, the
Soviet Union has prepared
first and then carried out yes-
terday one of the most heinous
crimes in the history of a
Government. It has, by cold
calculation, by ruse and by
0002-41ven the appearance 0'f
a liberal evolution in order
better to crush the real cham-
pions of liberty.
. We should like to tell the
Hungarian people here and
now that their appeal contin-
ues to vibrate in our hearts
and in our minds.
Are we not, all of us here,
more or less the accomplices
of the Soviet Union? Through
a repeated spectacle of end-
less debate. our procedural dis-
cussions, the proof so often
shown of our impotence to
act, have we not thus encour-
aged those who are already vi-
olating the fundamental prin-
ciples on which the Charter
44
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CHICAGO DAILY NTIVS, Tues., Nov. 13, '56
A Family Affair
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cHICAGO DAILY NEWS
? Nov. 12, '56
gary
ri.Ye. U
sets
Zigzag Policy, Russ Brutality
Cause Thousands to Quit Party
BY ERNIE HILL
Daily News Foreign Service
LONDON?The disintegration of Com-
munist parties in Western Europe is pro-
ceeding at an alarming pace?alarming to
the Kremlin, that is.
Communist parties in Britain, France,
Italy and other countries have been badly
shaken by the turn of events since the be-
ginning of the year, climaxed with the
crackdown on Hungary.
'The revolt against Moscow leadership,"
said one prominent British Communist,"
has 'gone so far that nothing can pull us to-
gether except renewed Russian pledges to
allow each Communist country to develop
in its own way.
"Hundreds of us would like to go help the Hungarian
Insurgents. But it looks hopeless now."
The Oxford University Communist party has disbanded
,with a blast at the Kremlin heirarchy for its brutality in
subduing Hungary.
"Our intelligence and integrity have been manhandled,"
said a spokesman. "We quit rather than go back to some-
?
thing evil."
In Paris Jean-Paul Sartre, writer and existentialist
philosopher who has been a frequent visitor to Moscow,
has quit the party and resigned from the French-Soviet
Friendship Society.
Sartre, darling of the Left Bank, says he has broken
off relations with m'ost Communist writers in Paris because
of their, failure to protest Russia's rape of Hungary.
Here's Dilemma of Typical Red
Put yourself in the position of a Western European
Communist. Here is what the Kremlin has demanded of
you since the first of the year:
1.
2.
Absolute loyalty to a tough Communist policy of the
Stalin type was expected at the beginning of the year.
Then came party secretary Nikita S. Ithrushchev's
20th Congress speech condemning the "cult of the
individual." This was followed by promises to allow each
Communist state to develop in its own way. Free discussion
was revived. This produced a party crisis, scuttling of the
old leaders in some cases or decisions by old leaders to
change their line to stay in control.
3Just when this new era was being accepted, the Krem-
? lin has done an about-face and refused to allow Hun-
gary to set its own course of government.
4So now European Communists are supposed to try,
. to justify the Red Army's brutal liquidation of Hun-
garian freedom fighters. The move is away from freedom
of speech and discussion and back t9 strait-jacket thinking.
* * ?
AN ARTIST who has been a cartoonist for the London
Daily Worker for the last 12 years has resigned in protest.
The switch is proving too much for thousands of others.
Some have turned in their party cards. Others are just
going to quit going to cell meetings and paying their dues.
A French Communist told me that leader Maurice
Thorez would be dumped except for his age and the realiza-
tion that it would wreck what is left of the party. French
Communists are refusing to return to the discipline of
Stalinist years.
British League Revives Trotsky
The British are even more, outraged.
At a recent meeting of the Young Communist League,
there was the reappearance of Trotskyite policies and out-
spoken refusal to subscribe to Russia's brutality in Hungary.
The British party fired Harry Pollit, its leader, after
20th Congress developments. Now it is Bilging it difficult
to steer members back to those policies that have become
unpopular in the last few weeks.
In Italy, Palmiro Togliatti has moved along with the
liberalized new line and shows little inclination to turn
back the clock.
Western European Communists saw great possibilities
in a more loosely federated Cominunist empire. They saw
a number of Socialist states improving their conditions
without Mospow's domination.
Hungary has wrecked their dream. It has weakened
Communist parties all along the line. Many say there is
no going back.
46
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BERLINERS SHOUT
FOR SOVIET TO GO
75,000 in West Sector March
to Border of Russian Zone
:After Mourning Hungary
By HARRY GILROY
Special to The New York Times.
r. BERLIN, Nov. 5?An impas7
sloned crowd of West Berliners
Marched tonight to the Branden-
burg Gate on the border of the
Soviet sector of East Berlin and
roared out anti-Soviet slogans.
A concentration of hundreds
of Weste Berlin policemen,strug-
gled to keep the crowd from
Moving against Soviet soldiers
On guard at a Soviet troop me-
morial a few hundred yards in-
side the British sector. ,
; The march was the high point
of a day of mourning, sorrow
and anger in West Berlin over
the fate of Hungary. Bitter
feeling was evident also against
the nritish-French action in
Egypt.
The crowd, estimated by the
police to number 75,000, gath-
ered at dark in front of the West
Berlin City Hall at Schoeneberg.
'ki the glare of many hundreds
of torches, they listened to
ipeeches by civic leaders.
The meeting had been called
to express public sorrow over
Hung,rary's fate. At the end the
demonstrators were asked to go
silently home.
?? However, most of the crowd
remained in the square before
the City Hall while the Liberty
Bell In the tower, a gift froiri.
the United States, tolled _stead--
ily. Cries for "action, not,
words" arose. t
Three slogans were chanted
over and over. They were "The
'United Nations should act!"
"Out with the Russians!" "To
the Brandenburg Gate!"
Willy Brandt, president of the
dity government's Assembly,
tried to quiet the crowd and get
them to go home, but one seg-
ment streamed away toward the
Brandenburg Gate, two miles
away.
Truckloads of policemen
rushed through the city to set up
a line several hundred yards
away from the Soviet sector
border to restrain the crowd.
The marchers went shouting
along the way. Police orders
were issued to take stern meas-
ures to stoy the demonstrators
before they could get into con-
?
"
[filet with Soviet troops or the
East Berlin police.
Special to The New York Times.
BERLIN, Nov. 5 A stone
thrown by a student against the
window of a Soviet Army bus
threatened for a moment to
start serious trouble today at a
pro-Hungarian demonstration.
This incident occurred in front
of the Soviet, troop memorial,
which is within the Britistv sec-
tor of West Berlin, a few hun-
dred yards from East Berlin,
This was a day of mourning,,
sorrow and anger in West Berlin
over the fate of Hungary, There
were also sharn Approved
against the British-French ac-
tion in Egypt. In East Berlin,
the people were quiet, but West
Berliners heard from their'
friends in the Soviet sector that
the population, apart from the
Communists, was depressed.
West Berlin Police Watch
Students of the Free Univer-
sity of West Berlin acted for a
time during the afternoon as if
they might riot. They marched,
fifteen hundred strong, through
West Berlin behind a sign call-
log for freedom for Hungary. ;
? The column, watched by the'
. _
7West Berlin police, marched Into
the great circle surrounding the
Siegessaeule. This is a 220-foot-
high column surmounted by a
gilded goddess of victory, corn-
memerating the French-Prussian
War campaigns. .
The police formed a line to bar
the students from starting down
the extremely broad Street of
the Seventeenth of June. The
road, which memorializes the
East Berlin uprising of 1953,
leads to the Brandenburg Gate:
at the entrance to East Berlin.
The silent, rather slow-march-
ing students gathered momen-
tum when the effort to stop
them was made. They swept
through the police and started
to run toward the East Berlin
sector boundary. A half-dozen
police trucks drove through the
crowd, trying ?to beat them to
the gate.
Either the half-mile run to
the gate was too much for the
demonstrators or they had deter-
mined to halt at the Soviet
memorial. This is a stone colon-
nade set back a hundred feet
from the street. It is topped by
a great lion statue of a Soviet
soldier . carrying a bayoneted
rifle. In front are tanks and field,
artillery, pieces, one of each on
either side.
Three Soviet soldiers, in win-
ter uniforms with fur hats,
moved slowly in front of the col-
onnade. They were armed with
tommy guns.
The students gathered in front
of. the memorial behind a line
of West German policemen who
faced them impassively. Con-
certed shouts arose of "Freedom
for Hungary!" in both German
arid Russian.
A song about freedom for
Germany was sung with fervor.
There were isolated cries of
"Ivan go home!"
Then a busload of Soviet sol-
diers drove up quickly from the
East Berlin line. Presumably the
troops had responded to a tele-
phone call from the detachment
guarding the memorial.
A group of Arab students were
with the demonstrators during
the visit to the British and French
buildings. They distributed to
bystanders leaflets condemning
the move against Egypt.
The Hungarian Embassy in
East Berlin, which was reported
by some West Berlin sources
Yesterday to have been seized
by the East Berlin police, was
operating as if nothing had hap-
pened.
Last week some members of
the staff, apparently sympathiz-
ing with the revolt in Hungary,
deposed the Ambassador, Eman-
uel Safranko, The official con-
sidered to be at the head of this
group was "unavailable," A press
Fonviogegonxtm
,been dissolved,
1
113C,S.
';
FALL OF HUNGARY
DECRIED BY POPE
Noting 'Grievous Events,' He
Says Freedom Can Never
'Be Drowned in Blood',
By ARNALDO CORTESI
? Special to The New York Times.
ROME, Nov. 5?"The blood of
the Hungarian people cries to
the Lord," Pope Pius XII said
today in an encyclical, letter to
the Roman Catholic episcopacy.
For the third time in ten days he
asked all Christians to join him
in prayer.
Addressing directly those who
"bear responsibility for these
grievous events" in Hungary, he
asked them to remember that
"the just freedom of peoples can
never be drowned in blood."
The Pontiff ;also told them
that God, "as a just judge, often
punishes the sins of private per-
sons only after their death, but
sometimes, as history teaches us,
strikes governors and even na-
tions during their lifetime for,
their injustices."
The encyclical is understood to
have been written personally by'
Pope Pius, It was one of the
shortest encylclicals, running' to
less than 500 words. It was
printed tonight in the Vatican
newspaper L'Osservatore Ro-
mano.
The Pope said his soul had
filled with "most painful bitter-
ness" when he learned that "the
cities and towns of Hungary are
again 'running with the blood of
citizens who from the bottom of
their Souls desire just freedom."'
He said his duty commanded
him to protest, "deploring these
painful facts Which cause bitter
sadness and indignation not only
in the, Catholic world but also
among all free peoples." The
pontiff recalled the words ad-
dressed by God to Cain: "The
Voice of thy brother's blood
crieth to me from the earth"
(Genesis 'IV, 10). , ? 't
"May the most merciful 0O4
touch the hearts of .those re-
sponsible so. that at last injus-
tice may cease, every, violence
may be calmed and all nations,
pacified among themselves, may
again find the just order in an
atmosphere of serene tranquil-
ity," the letter said.
The Pontiff showed his anxiety
ove.. the trend of world events in
an audience he granted last Sat-
urday to the Spanish Foreign
Minister, Alberto Martin Artajo.
He said world policy appeared to
be threatening or initiating
"tremendous fractures whose
importance can .with difficulty
be calculated by purely human
eyes."
The Vatican radio used the
sharpest words it has uttered so
far to condemn the Communist
attack on Hungary.
"We have to deal here," it
said, "with the crime of geno-
cide." It noted that this crime,
of destroying human groups, had
been condemned by members of
the United Nations General As-
sembly, including the Soviet
Union, Dec. 9, 1948.
Wrh. Petst
No\J P(
Netini Condemns
Soviet Repression
?
Reutei's
ROME, Nov. 6 ? The Italian
Socialist Party broke clearly
with the Communists for the
first time in Parliament for
eight years tonight when its
leader, Pietro Nonni, con-
demned with vigor the "So-
viet repression" in. Hungary.
He said his party was con-
Vineed that the pretext for So-
viet intervention?that a re-
actionary "white' terror" was
gaining the' upper hand?con-
cealed the real motives.
He added that Italian So-
cialists were persuaded that
the workers and students who
began the Hungarian rebellion
"were entirely capable of over-
coming any reactionary con-
traband that might have
seeped into their movement."
Nenni also vigorously at-
tacked the Anglo-French land-
ings in Egypt.
irlf!"(>
1,Y;0
Nenni Would Relinquish Prize
. 'ROME, Nov. 7 ? CUD?Pietro
Nenni, Left - Wing Socialist
leader, would, turn in his Stalin
Peace Prize as a protest against
Russian ,?interVention in Hun-
gary ? if he could repay the
4;25,600 that came with it, it was
reported Wednesday. Informed
sources said Signor Nenni, leader
of the customarily pro-Commu-
Inist wing Of the -divided Socialist
'party, was tapping every source
!available' to him in an effort to -
raise the money.
elts .rtit.1
NOV 7 1056
PAKISTAN PRODS SOVIET
?
Premier Urges Culganin Stop
Use of Force in Hungary
LONDON, Nov. 6 (Reuters)?
The Pakistan High Commission
in London said today. that Hus-
sein Shaheed Suhrawardy, Pak-
istan Prime Minister, had ap-
pealed to Marshal Nikolai A.
Bulganin, Soviet Premier, to de-
sist from the use of force in
solving the Hungarian situation.
Mr. Suhrawaydy also asked
Marshal Bulganin to allow the
Hungarian people to decide for
'themselves without coercion the
form of government they wanted
to establish.
The Pakistan High Commis-
sion here also said the Karachi
Government had instructed its
permanent representative at the
United Nations to sponsor a res-
olution in the special session of
the General Assembly urging a
peaceful solution of the Hun-
garian situation.
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40 V i5 1950
EX-AIDE
TITO Oil HU1GARY1
-
Djilas Foresees End of Red
System as a Result of the
Rebellion in Budapest
By HARRY SCHWARTZ
Milovan Djiias, a former rank-
in a Yugoslav Communist, has
hailed the Hungarian revolution
is the bcainIng of the end of
the Communist system.
Ifi:z.t.lso has accused Yugo-
adavia's Communists of having
surrendered their most basic
principles to Moscow by failing
to condemn wholeheartedly the.
Soviet actions in Hungary. M.
Djilas' analysis was published in
the current issue of the anti-
Communist magazine The New
Leader, published in New York.
"The Hungarian revolution
blazed a path which sooner or
later other Communist countries
must follow," M. Djilas said.
"The wound which the Hungar-
ian revolution -inflicted on corn-
111111143m can never be healed."
M. Djilas said: "Moscow's
policy toward the Communist
,countries clearly reflects a will
La resist die bleak-up of the
empire, to retain the leading role
of Soviet communism--a will
dernom.ttrated in its efforts to
use national communism as a
memas end a mask for its Un-
perialist, expansive policies."
M. Djilas, a former Vice Presi-
dent of Yugoslavia and once one
of President Tito's closest asso-
ciates, views the recent events
in Eastern Europe as "the crisis
of Soviet imperialism." He sees
the Soviet leaders split between
those who would use Stalin's
police and army methods to
keep the Soviet empire intact
and those who would use mainly
political and economic techniques
to att fln the seine end.
Djilas Purged in 1051
Djilas was purged in early
1.9,),!, after he had advocated
greater freedom in Yugoslavia
and a diminished 'role for the
Communist party there. Last
Ii Isv lw con: pin inch in a letter
in The Nev' York Times-that he
had been prevented from pub-
Iislii a book in Yugoslavia,
-whol:e no still lives.
?An editor of The New Leader
saiel 'Thins' article had been
recei tted by ordinary airmail say-
:oral daya niter a cable had been
,sent to MAI ;t:,1.; for his reac-
tion to tn., events in Poland and
Iluir;?ary. The editor noted his
surprise al the ea,te with which
the a rticle was obtained, es-
pecially since it was sharply
critical of the prosent Yugoslav
Communist. roe isle,
"The chars'os in Poland mean
the triumph of national com-
munhmi, which in ,a different
form we have Iii et! dy seen in
Yugolavi ii," I. Djilat !;aid, ''The
-Itm!mrian
mm'e, a new' phenomenon, per-
haps no less maininaftil than
the Preach or fltc,si'ni Revolu-
tions."
He contended 'that the Ti:-1
slay ?...Aperlence :;11otvod thp
Ian:'. of a ivtLiorid.1 C(anniunisl
movement directeC. by an en-I
trenched Communist bureaucra-
cy. He said Yugoslavia sup-
ported Eastern European discon-
tent as long as it was directed
by Communists, but turned
against it when this discontent
went further in Hungary,
"This revealed that Yugoslav
national communism was unable
in its 'foreign policy to depart
from its narrow ideological and
bureaucratic class interests, and
that furthermore, it was ready
to yield even those principles of
equality and non-interference in
internal affairs on which all its
successes in the struggle with
Moscow had been based," M.
Djilas said.
Though he praised the Polish
Communist ? leader, Wladyslaw
Gomulka ? as "a man Who is un-
usually honest, brave and mod-
est," M. Djilas ,maintained that
M. Gomulka soon will be faced
with a dilemma.
"He will have ,to choose be-
tween internal democracy, which
has become inseparable from
copiplete independence from
Moscow, and the ties with
Moscow required to maintain
the Communists' monopoly of
power,"'M. Djilas said. "The vic-
tory of national communism in
Poland is not the end, but rather
the beginning of further dis-
agreements and conflicts inside
tilt., country and with Moscow."
He added he was confident
that M. Gomulka, when faced
with the choice, would side with
those wanting independence.
M. Djilas contended that while
the events in Poland encouraged
those Communists who merely
seek equality with Moscow, "the
Hungarian revolution made a
gigantic leap and placed on the
agenda, the problem of freedom
in communism, that is to say,
the replacement of the. COMMU-
nist system itself by a new social
system." '
'If the events in Poland "en-
couraged both the people and
certain Communist circles," the
Hungarian revolt "encouraged
the popular masses and demo-
cratic tendencies," he said. ?
M. Djilas added: ? "The experi-
ence of Yugoslavia appears to
testify that national communism
is incapable of transcending the
boundaries of communism as
such, that is, to institute the
kind of reforms that would
gradually transform and lead
communism to freedom, That ex-
perience seems to indicate that
national communism can merely
break from Moscow, and, in its
own national tempo and way,
construct essentially the identi-
cal Communist system."
In Bulgaria and Albania, M.
Djilas said, the downgrading of
Stalin and national communism
have been halted because of fear
of Yugoslav domination and
other reasons, In Czechoslovakia
and Rumania, he said, the Com-
munist leaders were trying to
halt any further break with
Moscow, though pushed by the
discontent of the masses.
He saw the possibility of rapid
changes in Bulgaria and Ru-
mania, however, because in both
countries "the peasantry is deep-
ly nationalistic." In Czeelio-
slovaltia, with an advanced work-
ing class, a movement for revolt,
if it starts, "is likely to go much
further than that of Hungary,"
he contended.
Mt. 'Firma
NOV I a 1955
TITO DENOUNCES
SOVIET STALINISTS
ON MARY ISSUE
Calls Use of Moscow Troops
'Fatal Error'?Confirms
Split in the Kremlin
By The Associated Press.
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, Nov.
15?President Tito has bitterly
denounced Stalinists both inside
and outside the Soviet Union.
He, told a party meeting in
Pula that Stalinists were respon-
sible for the Hungarian uprising
and declared that the use of
Soviet troops to quell the revolt
was "a fatal error." The speech
delivered four days ago, was
made public today by Tanjug
official Yugoslav news agency.,
In the address, the Yugoslav
leader disclosed for the first
time what had occurred at the
secret talks he had held recently
with Nikita S. Khrushchey and
other Soviet leaders. Marshal
Tito said his conversations with
Mr. Khrushchey, Soviet Coinmu-
nist party chief, brought to light
a sharp split in the Kremlin,
with men remaining "who still
stand on Stalin's positions."
'Erroneous Attitudes' Cited
"The Soviet leaders had er-
roneous attitudes and defective
views regarding relations toward
Poland, Hungary and other
countries," Marshal Tito Said.
"The Yugoslav leaders did not
consider this attitude tragic, be-
cause they perceived this was
not the attitude of the entire
leadership, but only of one part,
which had forced its attitude on
the other part, to a certain
degree.
"It is still possible for those
elements in the leadership of the
Soviet Union to triumph by evo-
lution who are for a stronger
and quicker development toward
democratization, for abandoning
all Stalinist methods and for the
creation of new relations be-
tween the Socialist [Communist]
states, and that the development
In this direction will also proceed
jin foreign policy.
"Judging by certain signs and
Iconversations, it is evident that
these elements are not weak, but
that they are strong."
Gero Is Criticized
The Tito speech contains the
strongest support yet for reports
that have swept the West about
a split in the Kremlin, with Mr.
Khrushehey leading the anti-
Stalinist wing and former For-
eign Minister Vyacheslav M.
Molotov the Stalinist.
The Yugoslav President de-
clared that Stalinism and not his
policies, favoring a national com-
munism independent of the
Kremlin, had led to the revolt in
Hungary.
He said responsibility for the
use of Soviet troops rested with
Ern o Gero, who was ousted
as Hungarian Communist party
chief and later reported killed.
"We never did advise the use
of the army," Marshal Tito said,
"not even when they came into
a difficult situation."
His m speech thus amounted to
a condemnation of the use of
Soviet troops at the time of the
start of the Hungarian revolt.
He indicated, however, that he
thought there was some juLtifi-
ation for the use of Soviet
troops in the later stages.
The Hungarian uprising, he
said, was "a terrific blow to
socialism, [communism]." The
Yugoslav President cautioned
Communist leaders in other na-
tions not to be complacent, with
a feeling that a Hungary could
not happen to them because they
had a strong army and things
were "under control." That is
what Mr. Gero thought, Marshal
Tito said.
"Gero called the Russian
Army," he went on. "This was
a fatal error. It enraged the peo-
ple and led to spontaneous insur-
rection."
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14 195G
ritish C
Split
rannunisis
Vide Ipen
By John Allan May
Stafj Correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor
London
Events in Hungary have shak-
en the international Communist
movement to its foundations.
The British Communist Party
Is split wide open. Some leading
members have called for its dis-
solution. A number of promi-
nent Communists have resigned
in disgust.
? Reports from other parts of
Europe tell a similar story. In
Austria it is stated that 5,000
card-carrying members of the
party have quit.
The Danish party, while de-
claring its loyal conviction that
Soviet intervention in Hungary
"prevented fascist forces from
creating a new Spain i in the
heart of Europe," has asked Mos-
cow for confirmation that Soviet
troops will be withdrawn. The
Norwegian party is more criti-
cal and urges the Soviets to heed
the United Nations.
Set Back in Italy
. In Italy, during provincial
elections,. the Communist Party
lest ground. In Trento the So-
cialists improved their vete, but
Communist support declined.
The British revolt ?against
Moscow has been the most dra-
matic so far. The Communist
Party, which already had lost its
last remnants of political in-
fluence in Britain, quite sudden-
ly has lost most of its influence
in the trade union movement.
John Horner; general secre-
tary of the Fire Brigades Union,
one of the most thoroughly com-
munized unions in Britain, told
a mass meeting at Newcastle
Nov. 13 that he had quit the
Communist Party on Nov. 4. Ap-
parently he had waited to make
his announcement until he could
achieve the maximum impact.
It was reported next day; al-
though not confirmed, that all
nine of the remaining Commu-
nists on the FBU executive also
had quit.
Key Aides Quit
Another leading Communist
to resign is Alec Moffat, area
leader of the Scottish Mine-
workers Union in the Lothian
district end brother of Abe Mof-
fat, the union's president ?and
member of the Communist exec-
utive.
In the Electrical Trades Union,
Leslie Cannon, the union's edu-
cational ,chief, has split with the
Communists. Frank Foulkes,
union president, and ? Frank
Haxell, secretary, remain true to
the Mocsow line.
Mr. Cannon is one the three
prominent Communists who
called for the dissolution of the
British Communist Party in a
four-page document submitted
to the party executive.
The other two signatories were
Jack Grahl and Leo Keely, both
of the FBU. -
Oxford University Commu-
nists have dissolved their branch.
The Ashington, Northumberland,
branch has sent a petition of
protest to the Soviet legation
and may as well consider itself
dissolved,. "Gabriel," cartoonist\
of the Daily Worker, has quit.
Two leading intellectuals, Ed-
ward Thompson; leCturer at
Leeds University, and John
Saville of Hull University, re-,
signed Nov. 14.
Mr. Thompson and Mr. Saville
were running a journal that bad
been banned officially. by the
party executive. The last issue a
the journal, which had been con-
tinued despite the ban, ? declared '
that , intervention by Soviet
troops in Hungary must be con-
demned by all Communists,
The appearance of the journal,
the Reasoner, was itself a sign
of the earlier effect of de-Stalin-
ization on the party. The split
already had begun to, show.
Hungary made it irreparable.
Dockers. Aroused
London dockers have been
led into major strikes thrice by
Communists 'operating the un-
official "Port Workers Commit-
tee." But recently when a Cbm-
.
munist speakers' van turned up
at the Surrey Docks to decry
British action in Egypt and ex-
plain Soviet action in Hungary,
800 dockers turned on the 'van
driver and the speaker, ran
them forcibly out of the dock
area and threatened, to heave
them into the Thames if they.
came back,
The Communist Party's only
action so far in reply to defec-
tions is to call ah extraordinary
general meeting at an unspeci-
fied date "early next-year."
Loyal party supporters, mean,-
while, are having a hard time.
D. N. Pritt, widely known law-
yer, notes that Communists
often have discovered in th.e
past that their first interpreta-
tion of events has been wrong,
a remark that is an effective
but probably Unintentional re-
minder of all the devious
Switches of policy during the
Stalinist period and subse-
quently.
Dr. Hewlett Johnson,. "the
Red Dean" of Canterbury, who
is not a party member but al-
ways has been considered by
the Communists an exceptional
and unexceptionable cleric, has
issued a statement saying that
the "fratricidal strife" in Hun-
gary is as equally exceptionable
on moral grounds as is the
Anglo-French action in Egypt.
He is able to approve the Soviet
action on political grounds,
however, which he cannot do
for the British.
11.7. Van
NOV 9 . 1956
Soviet Consulate Burned
, MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, Nov,
18 Un? A crowd of about 200
youths, carrying sticks and
:torches, burned down the Soviet
Consulate here this morning as
a protest against Soviet repres-
sion in Hungary. .
a3. Tim
OCT 3 1 1956
Mexicans Urge ,Soviet Break
MEXICO f CITY, Oct. 30-:--The,
Mexican.. Socialist party .asitcd1
President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines.
today to break' diplomatic rela-
tions with the Sviet Union.,
Benjamin?Tobon, Secretary Gen-,
eral of the Party,
said
gram that the Soviet Union was
,"suppressing the most elemental
human rights in Hungary to
,maintain a .false and unpopular
Lgovernment.".
NAN Timm.
NOV 1 0 1956
St. Laurent Urged to Act ,
TORONTO, Nov. 9 (Canadian
Press)?The Toronto branch of
the Canadian Polish Congress
has sent a telegram to Louis St.
Laurent, the Prime Minister,
asking him to call on the West-
ern powers to intervene with
force in revolt-torn Hungary,
Paul Staniszewski, vice presi-
dent? said today.
Protest Staged in Saigon ,
SAIGON, Vietnam, Nov. 9 (iP)
?South Vietnam's 123 deputies
paraded through Saigon today
to protest the Soviet interven-
tion in Hungary.
IL Y. rarinoril7
NOV 1 5 1956.
RAFFLE DEAN'S
HAT FQR HUNGARY .
LONDON, Nov. -14 (INS). -
?While Britain's "Red" Dean
of Canterbury was address-
ing a meeting Tuesday at .
Durham University, students
- swiped his black hat from the
'cloakroom and raffled it for
?Hungarian relief., , ,
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4-9
o Approved For Release 2003/08/11: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380002-4
NO V 7 1956
PARIS CHAMBERS
IN HUNGARY ROW
Clash Over Efforts to Extol
Rebels Cause Clearing
of Both Houses
135/ W. GRANGER BLAIR
sii'eciai I,, Tile New cork Times: ?
PARIS, Nov. 6?The National
Asaembly erupCed into a tumult
of shouts and jeers today as it
paid tribute to the ? people of
Hungary. ,
Jeers and laughter came from
the Communists. They were an-
swered by shouts of indignation
by thereat of the Deputies.
Fj-
nally, as the uproar threatened
to get out of hand, sirens were
sounded and the chamber was
cleared.
In the usually august chamber
of the advisory Council of the
Republic the scene was repeated.
Eleven Communist Senators 'drew
shouts of invective from 'the
others when they refused to par-
ticipate in a manifestation in fa-
vor of the Hungarian rebellion.
The demonstrations in the leg-
islative halls were the latest in
the ground swell of anti-:So-
viet manifestations throughout
France. Communist intellectuals
protesting against the Soviet ac-
tion 'in Hungary, syMpathy
strikes by non-Communist labor
groups, in honor of the .Hunga-
rian workers and the banning of
Communist meetings .for fear of
violence reflected the sentiments
of France. '
Cries of 'Assassins'
When Andre. Letrpouer, Pres'.
dent of the Assembly, rose to
extol the- courage of the Hun-
garian people against armed ag-
gression cries of "assassins, as-
sassins!",were hurled across the
chamber floor toward the Com-
munist'benches. -
Then Christian Pineau, For-
eign Minister, was the target of
Communist hooting when be
told the Assembly: " History will
judge those who do not associate
themselves with this homage."
Finally, on the motion of Dap-
lel Mayer, Socialist Deputy, that
the Assembly stand in silence in'
honor of the heroism of the
'people of Hungary, the Commit-
fists jumped to. their feet' and
shouted:. "Fascism ? shall not.
pass!" This was met by shouted'
,epithets from the non-Commu-
nists. A moment later the sirens
sounded to clear the chamber,
Before matters became uncoil-
Arollable it was agreed that de-
bate on the Hungarian issue
would begin tomorrow.
A number of leftist writers
and in including three
who are members of the Com-
munist party, protested today
against the Soviet repression in
Hungary. Jean-Paul Sartre, Si-
mone de Beauvoir and Vercors
were among those whd signed a
declaration. The Communist
writers who signed were Claude
Roy, Roger Vailland, and J. F.
Rolland,
The group protested against
the Russian use of "guns and
tanks to break the revolt of the
Hungarian people," The state-
atent ?added the writers "deny
Oa? same right of protest to
those when
the United Si ates stifle in blood
the liberty Won by i;eatemala
and to those who applaud the
Sues coup." .
-Luinzembourg Easbasy Damaged
LUXEMBOURG'; Nov. 6?Anti.
Communist denamstrators broke
into the Soviet Embassy tonigat
and burned part of its furniture,
two automobiles and: portrait's of
Russian leaders. ?
Carrying, torches, exploding
firecrackers and shouting "down
with the Russians," leaders Of a
crowd that numbered thousands,
most of them students, reached
the house and ground's of the
embassy despite a police guard
and a thigh iron fence.
For, about two hours the
crowd milled outside the gates Of
the embassy, shouting and Sing-
ing. They/carried placards bear-
ing 'such legends as "Long Live
Hungary". and "Down with the
Butchers of Budapest."
The demonstrations appeared'
to be subsiding when some. of.
the crowd climbed over the fence'
and -others broke through the
cordon of policemen, linked arm
in arm. By this time the occu-
pants of the eriabassy had fled,.
Some of the rioters reached'
the ? second floor and began
throwing furniture out windows.
Envoy Did in Cellar
LUXEMBOURG, Nov. 6 (Reu-
teis)?Poliee tonight found Ivan
A, Melnik, the Soviet Ambas-
sador to Luxembourg7-in .full
dress uniform?locked in a eel-
lar after 2,000 students had
stornied the embassy.
'Big Protest in Brussels
speisai to The New York Timm
BRUSSELS, Belgium, Nov. 6
?Thousands of university, stu-
dents demonstrated outside the
Soviet Embassy here today
against Russian action in Hun-
gary. Forty deinonstrators and
about twenty policemen were in-
jured, some seriously.
The Brussels headquarters 'of
the International .Confederation
of Free Trade Unions, the
world's largest non-Communist
labor movement, called on its
117 affilates in eighty-three
countries to stage a five-minute
strike Thursday in protest
against' the suppression of free.,
j dom in Hungary and the
tary events in the Middle East.
SO
'rUE-1v.Asu1:cc;To-N 1..)f)S1' f 11 j 1!
Saturday, Nouenibcr
French Leftist Lau.
Hits Ritssigh, Actions
PARIS, Not 9?Jean-Paul
Sartre, French left-wing author
and Philosopher, tdday an-
nounced his "unreserved con-
demnation" of
the Soviet ac-
tion in Hun-
gary.
Sartre, o n e
of the foun-
ders of t h e
"Existentialist"
movement,
said he would
break of his
relations with
Soviet writers
and the lead-
ers of the French Communist
Party.
? Sartre is .not a member of
the Communist Party, but has
much influence in' extreme.
left-wing circles.
Sartre's attittide, announced
in a four-page interview with
the weekly newspaper, L'Ex-,
press, is expected to have large
repercussions, even in the Com-
munist Party itself, which is
already reported divided over
the Hungary issue.
He said the present Soviet
government "has committed a
crime, and a struggle of fac-
tions among the leading circles
has given power to a group
Sartre
Y 1t Irr
NOV :t. 2 '1.9,a',
which today exceeds Slahni:m
after having denounced it."
[Sartre's influence among
French liberals of various hues
has been considerable for two
decades, based in part on his
reputation as teacher of philos-
ophy and later as exponent of
the' new phildophy. of Existen-
tialism; And partly on the suc-
cess of his novels and playa,
which the existential credo
that man must act for his be-
liefs is applied to dramatic situ-
ations. Practicing his own
preachment, he has also en-
gaged actively in journalism
since the war, espousing a pro-
Russian, anti-Western position.
[In France; where intellec-
tuals are expected to play
more active part in politics
than in the United States, the
feud between Sartre and Albert
Camus, an equally celebrated
novelist, and philosopher, has
'engaged national interest.
Longtime? associates, the two
parted over the issue of wheth-
er France should lean toward
East or West,. Sartre' siding
with the Soviet.
[Sartre's current declaration
is therefore a momentous, one
for French Politicians gen-
erally and for intelectuals
throughout Europe.]
?
Socialists in Indian rrotest
On Hungary, Nehru's Policy
NEW DELHI, Nov. 11 11P1.?Soeial1sts protesting against
. Soilet action in Hungary and the policies of Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru besieged the Soviet trade mission at
Calcutta today and attempted a march on a New Delhi
meeting at which Mr. Nehru was speaking here,
The demonstrators at Calcutta shouted anti-riussinn
slogans and denounced Mr. Nehru' for his acceptance of the .
Moscow line on, the 'civil conflict!' in Hungary,
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r
QUARTERS UF EDS
IS PARIS WRECKED
Thousands Storm Building
?Other Protests on Hun-
gary Staged in Many
Capitals.
?
By W. GRANGER LAIR
5pecle.1 to Tee New York Times.
PAras, Nov, 7-Thousands of
demonstrators stormed and set
fire tonight to the French Com-
munist party headquakers in
the heart of Paris. ?
They screamed "Hungary for
the Hungarians!" "Soviet assas-
sins!" and "Hang the 'Russians!"
as they attacked the fortress-
like Communist headquarter
building. Previously, they had
attended an emotion-charged.
demonstration in hOhor of the
Hungarian people at the Arc de
Triomphe.
? While battling to enter the
Communist headquarters just
off the Grand Boulevards to the
north and east . of the Pari$
Opera, segments . of inflamed
demonstrators marelfed off to
assault the offices .of L'Human-
lid, Communist newspaper, about;
eight blocks away: ?
Crowd Breaks Pollee Cordon
In a matter of moments the
rioters broke through a cordon
of policemen around the Com-
munist headquarters
The. steel-reinferced doors to the
building were 'torn loose. The
crowd surged in and began de-
stroying everything in sight.
Someone lighted a Match. The
ground floor and the second and.
third floors were aflame. ,
Communist personnel inside
the building' were unable to stem
the tide, Documents, , furniture
and other objects from the in-
terior were hurled out .into the
street and were quickly) ignited.
AR the building. burned inside
the demonstrators. outside, care
rYing, Hungarian flags and sing-
ing the Marseillaise, the French
National Anthem, paraded
afouud the bonfire and shouted
"Delsolve the Conimunistparty!"
Cad diVnerain-the, vicinity of
the headquarters and newspaper
offices cptichly rolled down iron
windows. But the demonstrators
grabbed iron chairs and caf?a-
bles and used theni as weapons
and shields in the-assault.
two FloorS Are Destroyed.
- When firemen finally- arrived
at the headquarters- building, the
first two floors were completely
burned but the third floor con:.
tinned to gush smoke nod flame.
Police efforts to control the
crowd were unavailing.
The attack on the Communist
newspaper office WaS not so
powerful, There those who suc-
ceeded in entering the building
were, in effect, 'prisoners of the
defenders. The newspaper's de-
fenders hurled flaming -flares,
bottles, fire extinguishers and
"n:'?..raving plates at the advanc-
ing throng.
The entice had .more success
there than they had had at the
Communist Heileletiartees
build-
ing, but obseeveee noted that Inl
Heiner place did the police exer,t'
t',ernselves too much to halt thel
riots,
It was estimated that twenty-
five persons had br.,,en injured, ofi
whom tWo were said to be in te-
nons condition. Still-open cafes'
'near the scenes of action were
taken over, by the demonstra-
tors as first-aid stations,
Before the riots broke out
20,000 persons, led by five for-
mer Premiers of France and
shores of other high-ranking dig-
nitaries, marched to the Arc de
Triomphe to pay homage to
Hungary. As the demonstrators
matched through the arch cries
of "Free Hungary!", "Free Buda-
pest!", "Down with the Soviets!"
rang out. The tension increased.
- Crowds Leave .Parade
Durin.g the parade groups be-
gan to break away and start to.;
ward the section of .the city
where the Communist structures
are situated. Police details and
cars blocked the major streets
and boulevards. But the -throng
sifted through and as they did
so the shout went up: "The' po-
lice are with us!"
For the second day sow-
the National Assembly was
forced to suspend debate-, when
Communist and non-ConiMunist
deputies turned the chamber
Into a .bedlam over the Hun-
garian issue.
Three deputies sought to Speak
against the Soviet oppression-in
Hungary. Each was interrupted
by __howls of protest from . the
Communists. ?
. The uproar reached' its peak,
when. Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignan-
COUr,- Rightist deputy and mem-
ber of the, World War H Vichy
'Cabinet, took the microphone to
denounce .the- Soviet Union. He
Could not speak. His words were
drowned out by Communist
cries- of "Murderer!" "Gestapo!"
-."ASsassin!" and "Collaborator!"
The Assembly recessed, met
again, and then quickly recessed
once mbre to permit '? deputies
to join the march to the .Arc de
Triomphe.' ,
- It was estimated that nearly
100 persons were injured. Forty
of them were admitted to hospi-
tals and one was said to ,be in
serious condition. Still-open
,cafes near the centers of action
'were taken over by- the demon-
strators as first-aid stations.
At the time the fighting was
taking place at the Communist
buildings,' 5,000 nen-Communist
laborers, in response to calls of
their union 'leaders, marched
around Paris's City Hall chant-
ing against the Soviet Union. -In
almost -every other major city
in: France similar anti-Commu-
nist labor manifestations took
place.
- While all this was going on- a
quiet reception was being held
at the unmolested Soviet Em-
bassy to commemorate the
thirty-ninth anniversary of the
Bolshevist Revolution. French.
and other Western officials did
not attend the party.
---
Danes Shun Soviet Parties
Speelid to The New York Times,
COPENHAGEN, Denmark,
Nov. 7?Danish Cabinet minis-
ters and other official guests
boycotted A. reception todaye
given by Nikolai V. Slavin, the.
Soviet Ambassador to mark the;
anniversary of the Bolshevik!
revolution. The attitude of Gov.]
-
lernment leaders is that contact
Iwith the Soviet Union should be
limited to a minimum,
One thousand Copenhagen res-
idents demonstarted in the after-
noon and early evening against
what Conservative Youth Asso-
ciation handbills called a "vodka
party in the Soviet Embassy
while Hungary bleeds to death."
Demonstrators jeered at the
arriving guests and burned a
Soviet flag in front of the em-
bassy, which is a big villa in
an exclusive residential quarter
of northern Copenhagen.
Later they broke through po-
lice guards and forced their way
into the embassy's garden and
smashed windows. Police rein,
forcements supported by mount-
ed policemen had to use batons
to clear the garden and street
of demonstrators. .
The Danish Communist party
?had hired a hall in central Co-
penhagen to celebrate the revo-
lution annivorsay but the meet-
ing was cancelled for fear of
demonstrations: .
Danish bishops have ordered
all church bells to be rung to,
morrow, at noon flags will be.,
lowered at half staff. All Danes
will maintain five minutes ot
silence in honor .of the Hungari-
an victims of the Spvict attack.
Lenge Denounces Moscow
special to The New York TillleS."
OSLO, Norway, Nov. 7?Dr.
Halyard M. Lange, Norway's
Foreign Minister, was bitterly
critical today of the Soviet re-
pression in Hungary.
Addressing the Storting (Par-
liament), he said international
events showed that the strategicj
and political situation had not
changed and that the reasons
that had brought Norway .into
the' North Atlantic Allinace still
were valid,
He said "the Soviet interven-
tion in Hungary is not only a
deep human and national trag-
edy for the Hungarian people; it-
is a flagrant and serious viola-
tion of the principles of' ,the
United, Nations Charter."
Swiss Reds' Quarters Wrecked
SWITZERLAND, Nov. 7 .(1T15)
?Club-swinging policemen drove
off 800 young demonstrators
who wrecked the .office of then
Swiss Communist party late
yesterday with cries of "Throw
them out."
Soviet Legation Stoned
MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, Nov.
7 din?The Soviet legation build-
ing was pelted with stones and
eggs today by about 200 stu-
dents protesting the latest events
in Hungary. A broken window
pane was said to be the only
damage.
.ipeciat to The New York Tiii;es.
NEW DELHI, India, Nov. 7--E
About fiftfy Socialists demon7.
strated against the Soviet Em-
bassy last night to protest -
against Moscow's interfefrence
I n the internal affairs of Hun-
gary.
They gathered in front of
brilliantly lit palace. of the Ma-
haraja of Travancore, which
houses the Embassy, shouting:
"Hands off Hungary."
Inside the building Michael A.
Menshikov, Soviet envoy, was
entertaining more than ? 1,000
guests to celebrate the anniver-
sary of the Bolshevik Revolu-
tion.
7,41.
NOV 1951i
HIIGARY IS BLOW '
TO REDS IN ITALY
Party Disaffection Is Severe
in the Industrial North?
Socialist Unity Gains
By ARNALDO CORTESI
special to The New YOrk Times.
ROME, Nov. 8?The largest
Communist party west of the
Iron Curtain is in a crisis as a'
result of the events in Hungary.
The Italian Communist party
has beets through crises before,
but this one seems to be dif-
ferent. It has manifested itself
in the industrial North and has
involved some of the party's
oldest and stanchest stalwarts.
Disaffection was highest in
Mantua, a Communist citadel in
industrial Lombardy. The local
Communist Federation issued a
statement stigmatizing the in-
tervention of Soviet troops in
Hungary as "incomprehensible"
and contrary to the ,principles
for which the Soviet Union says
it stands.
It spoke also of "unpardon-
able errors, deficiencies and
crime." committed in Hungary.
The situation go so-out.of hand
that Senator Pietro Secchia,
Communist chieftain for all of
Lombardy, rushed to Mantua to
discipline local Communists.
Walls in the, city were immedi-
ately plastered with posters at-.
tacking the whole general staff'
of the Italian Communist. move-
ment, from the national party
leader, Paliniro Togliatti, on
down. ?
Communist leaders in Dovadola
in the province of Emit called a-
meeting to explain to the rank-
and-file what had happened in
Hungary. Not one person' turned
up. '7'It is true that Dovadola is
a small place,--but it is also true
that it is in the province of
Emilia, which is a fertile field
for Communists. -
Thousands of people - in all
walks of life are returning their
Communist 'party membership
cards. It is reported that in the
province of Rovigo alone --a
Communist oasis in the middle
of preponderantly Roman -_Cittl to-
lie Venetta ?more than 3,000
cards have beets given back.
Events in Hungary undoubt-
edly have widened the incipient
rift between the Communists
and Pietro Nenni's Left Wing
Socialists. Signor Nenni has
been negotiating for months to
merge his party with Giuseppe
Saragat's anti-Communist Right'
Wing Socialists. The prospects,
of Signor Nenni's tearing him-
self away-from the Communists
and joining Signor Saragat have
been advanced by developments
first in Poland and then in Hun-
gary.
Signor Nenni stood up in the
Chamber .of Deputies last Tues-
day .and declared for the first
time that he was in disagree-
ment with his "Communist com-
rades," He added that We
Hungarian rebels were without
question ? "workers and students
and sons of workers and peas-
ants."
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51
NOV
Spaak, Apo, :,i!
BE.USSELs, Nov. ,..e.ighboring streets mtd the po-?
?Paul-Henu Belgian lice were hard put to re-estab- ? Oh UN'"T '111?T
Jo,.
Foreign Minister, has sent a note lish order.
/ ph "
r Approved For Release 2003/08/11: CAM -02771R000200200,03
NOV 5 1955
SOVIET HIT
BY DAILY WORKER
?soon became a free-for-
NOV 1 0 1956
ail. Fighting spread into the ,
a Dmitri T. Shepilov, Soviet For-
eign Minister. asking him to stop
the intervention of Soviet forces
in Hungary,
The note also asked M, Shepi-
loy to allow the Ilumgarians to
establish a political regime of
their choice. ?
The note, ? sent yesterday,
stated 'the Soviet intervention
iIn Hungary] is killing all of-
fa;''t; at the relaxation of inter-
national tension and making con-
fident relations between the East
rindthe West impossible."
Another example of Belgium's
disapproval of Soviet action in
Hungary was a unanimous rec-
ornmenda'tion by the Foreign
Affairs Commission of the Bel-
gian Senate urging that the re-
cently concluded Belgian-Soviet
cultural agreement be made in-
operative.
In Liege last night a crowd of
several thousand demonstrated
against; the Soviet action in Hun-
gary. They shouted "Khruslichey
to the gallows!" and "The Com-
inuMsts are murderers." OVer-
wlHming the police, they
aim ohod furniture in the Com-
munist party office and burned
a Soviet flag.
Denmark. Silenced 5 Minutes
Special Its The New York Times.
COPENHAGEN, Denmark,
Nov. 8?A hush, as if all Life had
stopped, descended on Denmark
at noon today. The country was
honoring the Hungarians' valiant
resistance to Soviet oppression
With five minutes Of silence.
Not since April 9, 1910, when
Germany occupied Denmark; has
the country been united. in such
a moving demonstration. At
work, on streets and in homes
silence reigned. The only sound
was the tolling' of church bells.
Flags were at half staff on all
off icial
Einar Gerhardsen, Premier of
Norway, and Tage Erlander;
Premier of Sweden, came to see
a C. Hansen, Premier of Den-
mask, to discuss the interna-
tional situation.
Nikolai V. Slav c, Soviet Am-,
bassador, protested personally
to the Danish foreign office
against demonstrators who
smashed the windows of the So-
Viet Embasy yesterday. The Pre-
mier, who also is Foreign Min-
ister, assured the Ambassador of
the authorities sincere will to
prevent a repitition of the inci-
dent.
The police used batons yester-
day to disperse the demonstra-
tors. One One student was fatal-
ly injured.
Austrians Disrupt Red Rally
5:social to The New York Times,
VIENNA, Nov, S?More than
A 1,000 students broke up Ur:
rally held by the Austrian Corn-
monist party ? here tonight to:
.A.kThratti? the anniversary of the!
Revolution,
A score of Austrians, Includ-
ing three policemen, were in-I
Ij ti tech.
A ove limn en I-owned Illi i I., I i ii,,2,./
Ilad been reritt'ut to tile. Au 11,10
1Cornrntiniii party as ear'f,- 1.-.-;
1 (Airco mints ;p,;.0 ?vlien no one
could liNve foreseen that the.
'Bolshevik rumicciory yyoutcl co-
inci(10 ?v.illi Ilw trngic crushing
of Ii,,' flimr,arnIn revolution.
A l.)(,lit '..i)00 Conununists
it isn't out. to lkien to pztrty
1:-;pocchi,. VV.floti voltri;2,- tildi-Cem-
Lowii:..d. (an ;1 into iho litill, the
Argentines Score Soviet ARISES Ill AUSTRIA
Special to The New York Times.
1 BUENOS AIRES, Nov. 8?
Huncireds of anti-Communist
Idemonstrators defied the night
ticks, tea/ has grenades and
? charges of mounted policemen
in a violent three-hom7clash that!
ended at 1 o'cloc'rc this morning.!
The battle brought an end to a'
Soviet Embassy party whosel
glitter already had been: tar-
nished by the marked absence of
scores of those who had been in-
vited. The Ambassadors and rep-
resentatives of all countries be-
longing to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization declined to
attend a reception marking the
thirty-ninth anniversary of the
Bolshevik revolution.
Western diplomats confirmed
that they had received instruc-
tions from their capitals not to
attend the reception. Embassies
also refused to fly the Soviet
flag, a customary practice in
celebration of independence days.
Meanwhile, the Christian Dem-
ocratic party held a meeting at
which it adopted a resolution
calling on the Argentine Gov-
ernment to break relations with
the Soviet Union.
Policemen Guard Embassy
The demonstration started as
the Soviet reception began to
get under way. Six policemen,
armed with eight; :machine guns,
Tv-ere- assigned to gltard the en-
trance to the embassy.
As guests began to arrive a
ecrowd of Hungarian sympathiz-
ers assembled outside the build-
ing shouting "Assassins!" "Long
live Hungary!" and "Get out of
here!"
By 10 P. M. the demonstrators
totaled more than 500 and an at-
tempt was made to enter the
embassy. By this time embassy
personnel had dropped the steel
shutters. over the windows, the
police repulsed the initial attack.
Police reinforcements were
leaned and officials attempted to
.deal with the crowd gently. But
the crowd's determination called
for stronger measures and the
police attempted to disperse the
demonstrators with tear gas
grenades. Students started build-
ing bonfires in the street, with
tenants in neighboring' buildings
providing the fuel for them.
Mounted police reinforcements
made sporadic charges into the
demonstrating crowd, which dis-
persed into neighboring streets
only Jo reform :1F,T4.in. B
'night more than forty persons
had been arrested but it was not
until 1 A. M. that the police,,
aided by firemen, managed to
bring the crowds under control.;
While these events were tak-
ing. place in the capital there
also was a serious disturbance
in Rosario, the nation's second
largest city. There the Commu-
nist party attempted to hold a
rally to demonstrate it "solidar-
ity with the people of Egypt."
Anti - Communist demonstra-
tors clashed with the group. In
a resulting melee three anti-
Communist - demonstrators re-
ceived gunshot wounds.
Juan Carlos Rosada, president
of the Roman Catholic Action
group, was gravely wounded.
Soldiers of the Eleventh Infantry
Regiment. NVOIC called in to pa-
trol the city to prevent further
trouble,
,Events in Hungary Cause
Unrest?Many Tear Up
Party Cards Publicly
By PAUL HOFMANN
special to The Nov York Times.
VIENNA, Nov. 9?The Soviet
Intervention in Hungary has
caused a crisis in the small but
hitherto cocky Austrian Commu-
nist party from the top down to
the rank and file of Austrian
Communism anti-Russian feeling
became visible today.
At the Communist party Cen-
tral Committee in Vienna the
draft of a congratulatory mes-
sage that was to be sent to Mos-
cow on the thirty-ninth anni-
versary of the October Revolu-
tion failed to win a majority, it
was revealed. The message was
proposed by Johann Koplenig,
Moscow-trained Communist Who
is reputed to advocate strict ad-
herence to the Soviet line.
If a congratulatory message
has been sent at all, its wording
was considerably cooler than
Herr Koplenig's original draft,
It was understood. No communi-
cation on that subject was made
,by Communist headquarters
here.
Revolt In Provinces.
The unrest in the Communist
leadership found expression in
the rebellion of soine provincial
party officials. In Graz, capital
of the province of Styria, City
Councilman Franz Kramer, a
Communist, issued a statement
saying: ."I condemn the policy
that has led to the events in
Hungary and declare I intend to
continue representing the Com-
munist party * 4' only if it
places itself publicly on the basis
of an independent and autono-
mous Austrian policy." Herr
Kramer also demanded that "the
main representatives of the
Stalinist policy" should be
thrown out of Austrian commu-
nism. This was understood to be
a direct attack on Herr Koplenig.
According to Vienna news-
papers,,Graz is by no means the
only scene of rebellion. Similar
developments were reported to
be maturing in Communist local
organizations in various parts
of the country. Sources close to
the Social Democratic party,,
which is strongly anti-Commu-
nist, stated today that in a
number of Austrian industrial
plants Communist workers had
protested against Soviet sup-
pression of the Hungarian
revolutionaries by publicly tear-
ing up their party membership
books.
Few Attend Party Fete
How deeply the Red rank and
file has been shaken by the
Hungarian events was evidenced
here last night by the poor at-
texdance at the official Com-
munist party celebration of the;
anniversary of the October
Revolution. Only a few hundred I
persons turned out to listen to}
party speakers. Political work-1
ers of the anti-Communist par-i
ties reported that well-known
Communist stalwarts stayed at1
home yesterday.
Hungarian Action Is Scored
as Harmful to Socialism
?Party Board Splits
By PETER RHISS
The Daily Worker strongly
criticized today the Soviet Un-
ion's use of force in Hungary.
The Communist newspaper here
called editorially for an immedi-
ate meeting of the Bic,? Four
heads of government to discuss
Eastern Europe and the Middle
East.
The Worker edftorial was
written . yesterday following a
split in the national committee
of the Communist party of the
United States. . A committee
majority also decried use of So-
viet troops .in Hungary, in a
statement adopted last Thurs-
day--before -yesterday's attack
by the Soviet forces. .
The majority was understood
to be made up of perhaps nine
or ten members and alternates
living in New York City, ap-
parently including John Gates,
Worker editor, .
The only votes made known'
were a "yes, with qualifications"
by James Jackson and absten-
tions by Eugene Dennis, party
general secretary, and Benjamin
J. Davis, former City Council-
man. William Z. Foster, national
chairman, was absent. ,
Wasb. -Even'?Ng Slar
NOV V513
Doily Wark,77,r Cfni- )idst
Quits Over 1-;N, - ,
LONDON, Nov. :) (Jr, 21.'
Communist Daily Wort or an-
nounced today its political car-
toonist has quit because he
"profoundly disagrees" with the
organ's support of the Soviet
action in. Hungary.
Cartoonist James Mich - had.
.been with the Worker 20 years,
using the pen name Gabriel.
The participants iri-1aSt?night'S1
Communist meeting
were great-
ly outnumbered by youthful
anti-Communists who staged
counter-demonstrations. In the
ensuing riots the police were
particularly tough; Sonic anti-
Communists complained today
that policemen seemed to show
an exaggerated eagerness to
protect the Communists from
the hostile crowd.
Whether this criticism is justi-
fied it is plainly discernible that
the Austrian authorities are
leaning backward to avoid any
appearance of anti-Communist
discrimination. Chancellor Julius
Raab's church-supported People's
party, particularly, appears to
fear the Soviet Union might,
construe any anti-Conummist
gesture by Austria as a violation
of her neutrality.
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flr
NOV 9 1956
Ajo k..;"
rrf
_
? gain' freedom for themselves and
EIFIllowp AcTQ their childien," he said. "The
LI .); 0 brutal purge of liberty which
followed their heroic struggle
will be long an;7 sorrowfully -re-
membered, not only by those
Plans Special Steps
to Speed Machinery.
of Refugee Law
By RUSSELL BAKER
;pedal to The New York il'41aco.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 8?Pres-
ident Eisenhower ordered "ex-
traordinary measures" today to
g'et 5,000 Hungarian refugees
into the 'United States through
the barrier of the Refugee Relief
Act.
The President gave the act's
administrators an enormous task
to help. Hungarian victims of
what he called the brutal purge
of liberty" conducted :by "im-
perialist communism."
To complete the job in the
limited time allowed, the tough
restrictive Refugee Relief. Act
may have to be bent, if not
broken, the White House said...
he Piesident was reported s6
determined to get the job done
that lie was prepared to take.
"extraordinary:' action and 'go.
to Congress later for legal back-
ing,
Pierce j. Gerety, deptity ad-
ministrator of the act, said. that
he was prepared to relax the
strict security check required
for ,all refugees and to ease as-
surance requirements.
Appeal to the Nation
The problem confronting the
administrators is to compressi
into seven weeks visa-processing
work that normally takes
morUlts and sometimes a year
or lons'er.
The act expires Dec. 31 of this
year, and with it all legal au-
thority for issuing United States
visas to refugees from behind
the Iron Curtain,
To help ease the job, Presi-
dent Eisenhower appealed to the
nation today for all Americans
who are willing. to give assur-
ances of employment, housing or
financial assistance" to refugees
to wire Mr. Gerety, Deputy Ad-
ministrator of the Refugee Relief
.Act, Washington 25, D. C.
"Few events of recent times
have so stirred the American
people as the tragic effort of
Hungarian men and women to
directly suffering from that bru.
tality but also by all humans
who believe in ? the dignity Of
man." -
The job of processing visas for
5,000 refugees Would require "the
most active help" a :voluntary
agencies and humanitarian or-
ganizations, of state and local
governments "and of individuals
everywhere," the President said.
"I know that the American
people will rally wholeheartedly
to this great cause," he added.
The President's action followed
an hour-long White House con-
ference With his top diplomatic
advisers.
Mr.. Gerety said the Refugee
Relief Act, passed in 1953, would
permit the issuance of visas to
5,000 refugees "from behind the
Iron Curtain who find asylum in
Austria or Germany."
Normally, administration of
the act is cuthbersome. Each ap-
plicant must have an assurance
from a sponsor that he will have
a place to live and a job or
other financial assistance that
will guarantee hint economic in-
dependence of the Government.
James C. Hagerty, White House
press secreta,ry, said that the
Administration might have ? to
."waive" the job-assurance re-
quirement. ,
-Asked whether the law per-
initted this,, Mr. Gerety replied:
"It's 'too late to change the law.
We are going to get the people
In here." ? ?
The security-check requirement
will :also' be eased, Mr. Gerety
said. "We ..are going . to take
extraordinary measures. to make
sure we do riot. get -the wrong
ones but that we do' get: the
visas processed," he said. ?
The President's action was in
reply to an appeal from the
Austrian Government and the
United Nations High Commis-
sioner for Refugees for aid to
the Hungarian refugees.-
' Mr. Hagerty said General Ei-
senhower planned to ask the
newly elected Congress for legis-
lation to continue the admission'
of refugees into The United
States,
Other Nations Acting
By BENJAMIN WELLES
Special to The New York TimeS,
VIENNA, Nov, 8?Four Euro-
pean governments have now of-
fered to shelter at least 6,600 of
the 12,000 Hungarian refugees
who have poured -into Austria;
since Oct, 28.
Switzerland has agreed to take
2,000, Sweden 1,100, the Nether-
lands 1,000 and Britain 2,500.
The first trainload.. of 500 anti-
Communist Hungarian exiles is
expected to leave tonight from
an Austrian camp at Trais-
kirchen for Switzerland.
France and Belgium, too, have
offered to settle an undisclosed
number of Hungarians, it was
disclosed.
Meanwhile officials .of the In-
ternational Red Cross said that
more than 500 tons of
clothing and medical supplies
collected in Austria had been
distributed among the arriving
Hungarians while another 500
tons had been collected at Vienna
Airport.
Rea Cross Coordinates
.The International Red Cross
has been asked by the Austrian
Government to coordinate all re-
lief work being performed here
by local and international organ-
izations. Dr. E. W. Meyer of
Switzerland and Hendrik Beer of
Sweden are directing the work.
Relief supplies also wlI be
stocked in case shipments can be
made later into Hungary. - For
the moment no agreement exists
with the new Communist regime
in Hungary to permit Western
relief supplies to enter the coun-
try.
News of the quick action on'
the refugees by the West Euro-
pean Governments was released
by James Morgan Read, United
Nations Deputy High Commis
sioner for Refugees.
Mr. Read, who yesterday vis-
ited Traistirchen, one of three
camps organized by theAustrian
authorities for the Hungarian
exiles, said at a press conference'
that the refugees were bearing
up remarkably well.
The United Nations official
said there were. already 125,000
refugees in Austria exclusive of
the 12;000 Hungarians who have
arrived: The new refugee burden,.'
put a considerable strain on
the 'Austrian economy, he said,
and it is now estimated by. Aus-
trian authorities that the Gov-
eminent will need .at least
$2,000,000 in the coming twelve
months to care for the latest ar-
rivals.
At the same time the refugee
flood seems to be drying up, Mr.
Read disclosed. Two days ago
there were 1,000 refugees, he
said; yesterday 600. Civilian
refugees are taken to one Of the
three camps, established at Trais-
kirchen, Graz and Judenau.
Dr. Victor Bierman of the
Austrian Ministry of Interior
said Hungarian soldiers fleeing
from their homeland were being
interned in Austria under the
Hague Convention and taken to
a camp adjoining an Austrian
Army barracks in Upper Austria.
According to Dr. Bierman; the
12,000 refugees arrived in, two
groups. The first group of about
13,000, mostly from Budapest,
;reached Austria during' the tern-
.
porary case-fire before; the finall
Soviet onslaugliI, The second,
of about 9,000, -mainly 'fr'om bor-
der areas, started fleeing. Sunday
morning when, the final Soviet
drive began.
Meanwhile Red Cross teams
from different countries have
arrived here.
A mobile Danish hospital team
is at Graz awaiting an oppor-
tunity to move into. Hungary.
A Norwegian Red Cross team is
responsible for preparing the
ever-increasing relief supplies
for distribution.
The United States Red Cross
and private United States or-
ganizations have already con-
tributed supplies . and funds.
Other nations whose Red Cross
Aus-
tria,
delegates 1,1111:lei; hce Canada,
en n 1aA.
ncl
France; West. Germany, Italy,
_Leichtenstein, the Netherlands,
Portugal, Switzerland and
Sweden. ?
?
South Korea Contrihntes
SEOUL, Korea, Nov. 8?The
South Korean Red Cross con-
tributed today $4,000 to Hunga-
rian refugees. The gift included
a $1,000 check from President
Syngman Rhee.
iSixAto
NOV 6 1956
Labor Chief Urges
Boycott of U.S.S.R.
By the Associated Press
Washington,
George Meany,, AFL-CIO
president, has proposed that the
United States lead a free world
economic boycott on the Soviet
Union for the "Communist
butchery of the Hungarian na-
tion."
Mr. Meany asked President
Eisenhower in a telegram to
"utge every, country outside the
Iron Curtain to sever all cul-
tural, scientific, technical, and
economic relations with the
Soviet dictatorship and forth-
with to discontinue the exchange
of any such delegations with the
U.S.S.R."
An AFL-CIO spokesman said
Mr. Meany was proposing a
complete economic boycott.
Mr. Meany asked Mr. Eisen-
hower also to: "energetically
block every effort of Moscow to
seat in the United Nations the
venal puppet regime it has im-
posed by brute force on the
Hungarian people."
Mr. Meany's message said:
"Free labor and freedom-loving
people throughout the world
cannot keep silent about this
Communist butchery of the
Hungarian nation."
53
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