NOTES FROM THE SOVIET PROVINCIAL PRESS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-02771R000200120001-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 11, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 19, 1957
• Content Type: OPEN

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NOTES FROM THE SOVIET PROVINCIAL PRESS
March, 1957
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July 19. 1957
P-66-57
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.NOTES FROM THE SOVIET PROVINCIAL PRESS
March, 1957
Table of Contents
Domestic Affairs e0,00 ?.0009eo000 00 0...........0000000.09.
page
The Communist Party ......e..09......e999..e..9.9o999e.e.99e 2
Women and National., Minorities .........e.e..999..0...99 ? .9 3
Education ....e..... e9euee.99e......ee99e999e.... 4
Literature oooeoeso9o0 oeoo o e o o o 00000000.9 o 0 0 ea.ooao9e9 6
Labor ...e...99..9eee9eee....0000000000O9.999e9999.999.e.9.0 6
Corruption and Crime ..e...00000......9e......... 0......... .7
Routine of Soviet Life .....999.99ee..e99e9eee.99e9.ceeee.e
Anti-American Propaganda .9.........0..00.09999...0.0.0..90 10
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
B.R. Bakinskiy Rabochiy (Azerbaidzhan SSR)
K. Kommunist (Armenian SSR)
K.P. Kazakhstanskaya Pravda (Kazakh SSR)
K.T. Kommunist Tadzhikistana (Tadzhik SSR)
P.U. Pravda Ukrainy (Ukrainian SSR)
P.V. Pravda Vostoka (Uzbek SSR)
S.B. Sovetskaya Belorussiya (Belorussian SSR)
S.E. Sovetskaya Estoniya (Estonian SSR)
S.K. Sovetskaya Kirghiziya (Kirghiz SSR)
S.L. Sovetskaya Latviya (Latvian SSR)
S.Li. Sovetskaya Litva (Lithuanian SSR)
S.M. Sovetskaya Moldaviya (Moldavian SSR)
S.R. Sovetskaya Rossiya (Russian SFSR)
T.I. Turkmenskaya Iskra (Turkmen SSR)
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DOMESTIC -AFFAIRS
The results of elections to local soviets, held on March 3
and 10, were reported by the Soviet press: More than 99 per cent
of the voters cast ballots, and more than 99 per cent voted for
the candidates presented to them. A large propaganda campaign
was carried out by hundreds of thousands of agitators assigned to
the task and controlled by the Communist Party organizations, and
meticulous care was taken to assure the participation of all
voters, including the disabled and hospitalized. All provincial
newspapers participated in the campaign by publishing articles,
items, statements, pictures of candidates, etc.
The present policy of increasing the numerical, although not
,the political, role of workers and peasants, thus creating the
impression that "the masses" are the supreme political force, was
reflected in the fact that 50 to 60 per cent of the newly elected
deputies belonged to these two groups. Thus, among the deputies
elected in Lithuania, 58.84 per cent are workers or peasants,
32.14 per cent are Party members, and 36.9 per cent are women
(S.Li., Mare 7). In Kirghizia, of 15,345 deputies, 9,328 are
workers or peasants; 40 per cent of the total are women (S.K.,
Mar. 16), In Azerbaidzhan, of 28,054 elected deputies, 58.4 per
cent are workers or peasants, 54.5 per cent are Party members,
and 34.6 per cent are women (B.R., Mar. 14),
Lately there have been indications that the old policy of
aggrandizement of kolkhozes (of which Khrushchev was the main
advocate, especially in connection with his plan for "agro-cities")
is now being modified. The leadership seems to have recognized
that over-size kolkhozes, created in part to reduce further
individual farming, are economically inefficient and should be
broken up. A rare statement to this effect is made by the
Lithuanian paper: "We still have excessively large kolkhozes
which, because of their size, have difficulties in developing
production and strengthening their economy. Practice has shown
that the breaking up (razukrupnenie) of excessively large
kolkhozes improves the organization of labor, increases the
kolkhozniks9 efficiency, and raises the economic indices" (S.Li.,
Mar, 23),
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THE COMMUNIST PARTY
The present trend toward the rehabilitation of Stalin is
illustrated by an article published in three provincial papers,
which declares that "while overcoming the results of the cult
of personality our Party wages a struggle against those who,
under the guise of criticism of the cult of personality, try to
revise the program of Marxism-Leninism, to slander Soviet reality
and to distort Stalin?s role in our country and in the inter-
national workers movement. Stalin?s name is inseparable from
Marxism-Leninism. He devoted his entire life to the triumph of
Marxist-Leninist ideas." The article stresses that "rebuffing
the expanding activity of imperialist reactionaries and their
overt and covert stooges is assuming exceptional importance
(K.T,, Mar. 29; S.Li., Mar. 29; S.L,, Mar. 27),
In the process of expanding the role of the Party, now
taking place in the USSR, the "instructors" (that is, contact
men between the Party organizations and individual enterprises,
schools, etc.) have recently increased in number and importance.
Lack of personnel qualified for this task is beginning to be
felt. Thus, as of January 1, 1957, 42 vacancies in the roster
of instructors could not be filled in Moldavian town and rayon
Party committees, and of the available instructors only 29 per
cent were Moldavians (S.M., Mar. 6),
At a Party meeting in a Latvian sovkhoz a Party member
criticized the sovkhoz management for inefficiency, malfeasance,
and using public property for their own advantage. The enraged
officials accused their critic of "undermining the authority"
of the management, and the Party organization delivered a sharp
reprimand (S.L., Mar. 23),
The Ukrainian paper praises the recently published memoirs
of V.A. Antonov_Ovseenko, who played a leading part in the Soviet
revolution of 1917 and in the Spanish civil war (P.U., Mar. 6);
The paper did not mention, however, that the author was executed
in the Stalin purges and was only recently officially rehabilitated.
Party members were reprimanded for slackness in combatting
"hostile" ideology, "We are living under conditions in which the
ideological struggle reflecting the class contrast between the
two world systems, the socialist and the capitalist, has been
greatly exacerbated," Worse still, "the reactionary ideology
of the West infiltrates into our country through various channels
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and-influences unstable persons." Thus, some Soviet historians and
writers "have tried to cast doubt on some of the most important
principles of our revolutionary world outlook." At a Party meeting
at the University of Tomsk "demagogic" statements were made to which
the Party Secretary offered no interference. "Low-grade plays by
bourgeois authors propagating bourgeois ideology have recently
appeared on the stages of some Moscow and Leningrad theaters" with
the silent connivance of Communists working in the theater (S.R.,
Mar. 27).
Can March 12 all provincial newspapers commemorated the forti-
eth anniversary of the February (old style) Revolution of 19170
The Bolshevik Party was Lincorrectly,7 described as the leader of
the revolution which overthrew Tsarism, by statements such as the
followings "The February Revolution was headed by the working
class.... The revolutionary movement in this country was led by
the Cbmmunist Party," and in the overthrow of Tsarism the
Bolsheviks "inspired and led" the masses (S.E0, Mar, 12)0 "The
main, decisive role in the overthrow of Tsarism was played by the
many millions-strong masses of workers, peasants and soldiers
headed by the Communist Party created by V.I. Lenin" (K.P.0 Mar. 12).
"The armed uprising headed by the revolutionary working class under
the leadership of the Bolshevik Party was victorious, The LTsaris7
autocracy was overthrown" (K., Mar. 8). In the February Revolution
"the revolutionary struggle of the masses was headed by the
Bolshevik Party" (S.Lio1, Mar. 12).
The Provisional Government of 1917 was also Lagain, incorrectly.7
represented as reactionary. While Pravda (March 12) took a more
cautious attitude on this question, quoting Lenin?s statement that
under the Provisional Government Russia was the freest of all the
warring nations, the Kazakhstan paper and most others said on
March 12: "Having come to power Lin 191 the bourgeoisis actually
carried out the predatory foreign policy and the antipopular
domestic policy of Tsarism." An exception among the provincial
papers was the Lithuanian paper (March 12), which also quoted
Lenin?s words on the Provisional Government.
At a Congress of Azerbaidzhan women the main report was made
by the woman Deputy Premier of the Republic. Stressing the great
improvement in the status of women under the Soviets, she stated
that whereas in 1926 women constituted 11 per cent of workers and
employees in the republic economy, today the percentage is 38.
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Women now account for about 40 per cent of the specialists with
higher or middle education, she said. There are 17,400 women
teachers in Azerbaidzhan schools, that is, 45,5 per cent of all
teachers. On the other hand, she pointed out, instances of "feudal"
attitudes toward women still appear in the Republic-, and some Party
and Soviet organizations try not to interfere in such cases. More-
over, some local leaders bar women from responsible positions in
medical, educational and economic organizations (B,R0, Mar, 29)0
On the occasion of Women's Day (March 8) the Uzbekistan paper
stated that the Soviet regime had liberated women, raised her social
status, and given her an opportunity to play an important role in
the economy, politics and the professions, "In no capitalist
country is so much care given to the mother and child as in the
Soviet Union," By contrast, under capitalism women suffer "under
the yoke of increasing exploitation and decreasing standards of
living caused by the armaments race" (P0V0, Mar, 8)0
In other reports regarding the status of women, a chauffeur in
Tadzhikistan who was living, according to oriental custom, with two
women was sentenced by a court to three years' deprivation of
liberty-, the same punishment was meted out to a man who had married
a minor; a third man was punished for beating his wife (K0T0, Mar,22),
A periodical published in Moldavia devoted a special issue to
the minority problem. Under the banner headline "For Us There Are
Neither Black Nor Colored People," the paper hailed the "equality"
of Soviet minorities and contrasted it with the "deprivation of
rights" of American Negroes and the "freedom-loving" Cypriots
(S.M., Mar, 14),
EDUCATION
The Lithuanian paper states that at present there are 24,000
students in Lithuanian higher educational institutions, six times
more than in the pre-Soviet period. The paper stresses that the
purpose of these institutions is by no means confined to imparting
knowledge to students. "Soviet higher institutions of learning are
called upon to breed not only highly skilled specialists but also
politically trained people with profound Communist convictions and
active fighters for the construction of a new society," Yet
vestiges of capitalist ideology, according to the paper, still per-
sist in the minds of some students. What causes this? "The Party
teaches that wherever the influence of Communist ideology weakens,
favorable conditions are created for the infiltration of hostile
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ideology." The article demands more effective control over lectures
and seminars in the humanities by Komsomol organizations, and more
efforts in developing "socialist attitudes" toward work, since some
students "permit themselves to look down on workers and peasants"
(S,Li,, Mar, 28).
The Rector of the Turkmenistan University states that the
quality of lectures, especially in the humanities, has recently
been improving but that there are still many shortcomings. Because
of lack of space in the University classes are held in three shifts,
from 8:30 a.m. until midnight. For the same reason, there is a short-
age of laboratories, and students from the provinces are unable to
.find space in dormitories. Many textbooks, for instance in mathema-
tics, physics, and biology, are not available in the Turkmen language.
Because of inadequate printing facilities even the best student theses
cannot be published, while the lack of special type hampers the print-
ing of books on mathematics and physics (T,I,, Mar, 1).
The first secretary of the Turkmenistan Communist Party declared
that there were now 1,200 high schools with 225,500 pupils in the
Republic, a twenty-fold increase over 1925. While 30 years ago
there was not a single higher educational institution in Turkmenistan,
today there are six such institutions, numerous research institutes,
and an Academy of Science. At present 15,500 trained specialists
are employed in the Turkmen Republic's economy, The Republic now
has five theaters and an opera house (T,I,, Mar, 30),
An Armenian university professor describes a local students'
dormitory as follows: "We enter a semi-dark room (the electric bulb
is small and the current weak). The room is, to put it mildly,. cool,
The following picture meets our eyes: the time is 9:30 p.m., but
the beds have not been made and dirty towels are strewn around. In
the middle of the room stands a bare table at which a young man,
wearing a cap, is sitting and writing on music paper. Four young
men are sitting on a bed, talking. Dirt is everywhere, on the
floor, in the cupboards, in the beds," The Komsomol organization,
the professor says, pays no attention to the "ugly" conditions of life
of future intellectuals (K., Mar. 2).
A French journalist who recently visited the USSR published
an article extolling Soviet scientific achievements, asserting that
complete freedom of scientific discussion exists in the Soviet
Union, and praising the hospitality and freedom of movement that he
enjoyed during his stay there. The tenor of the article is re-
flected in the headline: "The Hospitable Motherland of Contemporary
Science" (S,R,, Mar. 2).
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LITERATURE
The emphasis on negative characters, which has recently
appeared in Soviet literature, for instance in V. Dudintsev's now
famous novel, Not by Bread Alone, and which has been strongly
denounced by official critics, seems also to have made inroads into
the literature of national minorities. Thus, an article in the
Moldavian paper criticizes A new novel by a native writer who portrays
a high Party official as an objectionable character who applies the
methods of the period of "the cult of personality" (S.M., Mar, 6)a
A review of last year's issues of a Latvian literary magazine
points out the following shortcomings in its contents. First, with
a single exception, the short stories and plays deal with the past
and avoid contemporary subjects. Second, a story about a peasant
who joined a kolkhoz has clear overtones of sympathy for private
property. Third, the authors show undue interest in the purely
personal problems of the protagonists, especially the family problems
(SOLi4, Mar. 14).
The Belorussian paper complains editorially about Soviet writers'
disinclination to write about workers. "This reticence in regard to
urban working people obviously cannot last much longer. The problem
of education of the young generation has assumed new acuteness. Yet
nobody gets so little treatment from the writers as our youth (S0B09
Mara 21).
Collective agreements for the current year are almost completed,
and trade unions should avoid last year's mistake of dodging super-
vision of the fulfillment of .the agreements by management, the
Estonian paper says editorially. But in outlining the duties of
trade unions the editorial repeats the old line: "The primary duty
of a trade union organization in an industrial enterprise is
mobilization of the working people for the successful accomplishment
of the objectives of the Sixth Ipresenn Five-Year Plan and the broad
development of socialist competiton" (S.E,, Mar, 1)0
At a Moldavian brick factory some provisions of the collective
agreement are being violated by the management. Payment of wages is
sometimes delayed up to six weeks. In 1955 the management cotrniitted
itself to install electric lighting in the workers' apartments; but
up to now this has not been done, allegedly because the ten poles
needed for the wiring could not be obtained (S.M., Mar, 1).
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According to the chairman of the republic trade union committee
of construction workers in Turkmenistan, some managers disregard
laws relating to working hours and rest periods and introduce over-
time work even on what should be days off. Though the Deputy
Minister of Urban and Rural Construction has been aware of these
practices, he supported them until the trade union finally inter-
vened. In some construction projects labor safety devices have not
been installed; in others, wages have been arbitrarily reduced or
not paid on time, and workers are fired without valid reason, while
trade unions, the responsible Ministry and the state prosecutors,
especially in the capital, Ashkhabad, remain inactive (T.I,, Mar, 29)?
In a Tadzhik textile factory workers suffer from "terrible over-
crowding and cold." A representative of the Ministry of State Control
told. the management that such working conditions could not be toler-
ated, but nothing has been done to remedy the situation (K,T., Mar. 12).
CORRUPTION AND CRIME
The housing situation in the Stalinabad State Pedagogical
Institute is highly unsatisfactory, Classrooms are not heated,
student dormitories are dilapidated, and in the teachers' apartments
the roofs leak, the floors are rotted, etc. This is due to the
corruption of the staff. The chief of the supply section, who was
appointed to this position even though he had previously been accused
of extortion, has appropriated building material purchased by the
Institute for repairs. Having thus obtained timber, iron, cement and
bricks, the chief, within a period of three months, built himself a
spacious residence. Acting in collusion with him were the chief
bookkeeper, the latter's deputy and other officials, who also built
their own homes with material belonging to the Institute. To protect
themselves against prosecution they tried to establish influential
contacts. Having learned that a high official of the Ministry of
Education was building a home, they supplied him with building
materials; they "loaned" materials to a former Deputy Minister,
involved the present Deputy Minister in their operations, etc. As
a result, while the operators earned hundreds of thousands of
rubles, the repairs urgently needed by the Institute were not made,
"But the most remarkable thing in this chain of abuses is that the
culprits were not punished." After the facts had been published in
the press, the operators' protectors in the Ministry of Education
tried to absolve them from responsibility. Upon the demand of the
Party organization Lnot of the proper state agency two of them
were dismissed; the other, however, continue their criminal acti-
vities, and those dismissed were soon appointed to other posts
(K.T., Mar. 20).
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Leading officials of a Kazakhstan kolkhoz engaged in large-
scale corruption. The chairman, the chief bookkeeper, the secretary
of the Party organization and other officials would use kolkhoz
money to buy expensive articles in the local consumer cooperative
and record the transactions as expenditures harness, rope and other
articles needed by the kolkhoz. The officials also appropriated
sheep, horses, cows and poultry belonging to the collective. In
1955 alone the "gang" damaged the kolkhoz to the extent of 64,915
rubles (KOP., Mar, 6).
Four 19 to 20 year-old youths in Tadzhikistan assaulted a girl
with the intention of raping her. In the brawl they knifed one of
her two young escorts, the girl's brother, to death. Last December
three youths were sentenced in Tadzhikistan for robbery (K.T., Mar. 10).
A Latvian woman without any medical background performed illegal
abortions under unsanitary conditions. She was sentenced by a
people's court to eight years' deprivation of liberty (S.LO, Mar, 13).
Four youths, 17 to 19, were tried in Moldavia for assaults on
several persons for the purpose of robbing them of wristwatches.
Two of the juvenile criminals were locksmiths and one was a student
at the Pedagogical Institute; one was the son of a Party member,
another was a Komsomol. They were sentenced to terms varying from
two to 10 years' deprivation of liberty (S.M., Mar. 7).
ROUTINE OF SOVIET LIFE
A drunken man refused to show his ticket to the train conductor.
He declared that he was not in the habit of buying tickets and
abused the conductor, using profane language. At the next station
the conductor went to summon a militia man. Meanwhile, the passenger,
with his secretary, settled down in a compartment and began to
interrogate a man traveling under guard who was charged with "petty
hooliganism." The passenger, who turned out to be a people's judge,
proceeded to sentence the "hooligan" to five days' detention, and
then asked the flabbergasted conductor, "Do you understand now?"
(S.R., Mar. 17).
A coal mine in Kirghizia has an ambulance which the managers,
especially the chief engineer, use as their private car. The
ambulance hauls vegetables, apples, milk and other products for
them, takes them on picnics, and when they throw parties, it is
used for hauling vodka, beer, etc. The least of the ambulance's
uses is for transportation of the sick. All protests by the medical
personnel have been rudely rejected by the chief engineer (S.K., Mar.2k).
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Truck drivers arriving in Moscow can find no accommodations
for rest. Hotels are either too expensive or full. Drivers there-
fore have to spend a night or two in the truck cab, trying to warm
themselves in winter by using kerosene stoves (S.R., Mar. 8).
The Central Committee of the Kirghiz Republic's Communist Party
and the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on the construction
of apartment houses which states that the "extremely unsatisfactory"
work of construction agencies has resulted in a "very grave situation"
in housing, especially in Frunze, the capital of the Republic. As
of January 1, 1956, the average living space of a resident of Frunze
was 4.2 square meters. In the period from 1951 through 1955 only
14,7 per cent of funds allocated for apartment construction were used
(S.K., Mar. 16).
.A new apartment house has been built by the Moldavian Furniture
Combine for its workers. Distribution of the apartments was handled
by the Party and trade union committees at the combine. "Only one
worker family received an apartment in the house, while the rest were
given to the higher personnel and to people not engaged in the
enterprise" (S.M., Mar. 28).
A report on communal services in the town of Ulianovsk describes
the work of local bathhouses. Washing up is a "headache" because
no bathhouses have been built in the town since 1939, although the
population has increased considerably. In an industrial suburb with
several tens of thousands of residents there is only one bathhouse,
which can accommodate 84 persons. In another new suburb with 20,000
inhabitants, there is no bathhouse. In the center of the town there
are four bathhouses, but they are dirty and dilapidated. Long lines
form in the street when hot water is lacking. In neighboring towns
the building of bathhouses proceeds very slowly: construction was
started in one in 1952, and in another in 1954, but neither has yet
been completed (S.R., Mar. 7).
There are 19 drug stores in Tallin, capital of Estonia, but in
only four of them can absorbent cotton be bought without a doctor's
prescription. When a man asked in a drug store for absorbent cotton
so,.that he could, put something on his badly aching tooth., he was
told to go and see a doctor first (S.E., Mar. 21).
The Latvian fishery office recently bought 20 chairs at 150
rubles each ($37.50 at the official rate of exchange), but the chairs
immediately began to break down, even with nobody sitting in them.
A week after the purchase only six of the 20 chairs were still
usable (S.L0, Mar. 14).
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ANTI-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA
Provincial press articles devoted to anti-American propaganda
declined in number though not in virulence during March (compared
to'January and February). The points most frequently commented
upon were the Eisenhower doctrine, NATO, and Vice President Nixon's
trip to the Middle East.
In a series of articles and letters to the editor, allegedly
written by outraged readers, the Ukrainian paper violently assailed
the appointment to a commanding post in NATO of General Hans Speidel,
a commander of German troops in-the USSR during World War II, One
article stated that 16 mutilated bodies of persons tortured to death
by Ukrainian. nationalist groups fighting with the Germans were found
in a well in a Ukrainian village, The Ukrainian nationalists under
Bandera, Melnik and others had been trained by German generals,
They were defeated by Soviet patriots and would have perished,
cursed by the Ukrainian people, except that "there has appeared a
new customer for Lthe services of the stinking bourgeois-nationalist
offal,... After the defeat of Hitlerism they hid under the American
flag.,,. It is the hissing of these venal Judases that resounds in
the broadcasts of the Voice of America," Recently 15 detachments
of them were used in Hungary: "With American arms in their hands
Lthez/'went to Hungary to shed the blood of working people in that
country" (P.U., Mar. 20).
The next issue of the paper published several letters to the
editor. One of them said: "Speidel, who in 1939-1945 did not
succeed in accomplishing his black design, has now gone back to
his old handicraft. The Krupps and Morgans could not have found a
better servant. We would not be surprised if from some secure place
(podvorotnia) in Washington, Hitler himself made an appearance.
The Atlantic strategists would probably welcome nobody more than
him." A woman wounded at the front by the Germans wrote: "On my
body there still are scars from wounds inflicted by the fascists.
Can this be forgotten?. Hans Speidel's hands are stained with my
blood too. And the American bosses of the bloody dog advertize
him as a fighter for peace".(P.U., Mar. 21).
An article on Speidel in a subsequent issue stated that "Soviet
people know him as the butcher of Kharkov, butcher of Voronezh,
butcher of the Donbass," Together with other German generals he
plotted the abortive attempt on Hitler's life in 1944 in order to
make a separate peace with America, the article declares, but "the
crushing offensive of the Soviet armies destroyed the budding
alliance between the swastika and the dollar" (P.U., Mar. 23).
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An.article published. in two provincial newspapers states that
nations fighting for independence have now realized who their real
enemy is. "The enemy is the USA, which has now become the main
pillar of the colonial system of imperialism," Though American
propaganda poses as anti-colonialist, "the USA is the greatest
colonial power, which has subjected tremendous regions to its rule
and its perfected mechanism of colonial exploitation." In the
various nations dependent on the USA reactionary and semifeudal
governments have been installed which are "Washington's humble
agents." The article describes the American "colonial regime" as
extending to South Korea, South Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines,
Latin America, North Africa, and the Near East. It says that all
attempts to reduce the antagonism between the USA on the one hand
and Britain and France on the other have been unsuccessful.(S,OK,,
Mar. 5; T.I., Mar. 5).
A TASS telegram reported that the "oil magnate" Rockefeller
had taken an active part in the preparation of the Hungarian revolt.
It states that Rockefeller, posing as a State Department official,
visited Munich in November, 1955, met there with Hungarian refugees
and offered them U.S. assistance. Two days earlier he had met the
American Ambassador Conant and some West German cabinet ministers,
and then proceeded to Vienna, nearer Hungary.
Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771 R000200120001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/08/24: CIA-RDP78-02771 R000200120001-3
NOTES FRON THE SOVIET RWVINCIAL pRESS
February, 1957
July 15, 1957
DOCUMENT NO.
tqO CHANC IN CLAWS.
C7 CECL,ASSi?';Etl ` ___
P-65-57
C:l_