THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 75
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 12, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: October 1, 1960
• Content Type: IR

CRET
&QRN
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Aid
25X1A2g
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
October 1960 Copy N?
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
S-E-C- -E-T
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
KOMUNISTICKA STRANA CESKOSLOVENSKA (KSC)
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
25X1C10b
The theme of the 11th Congress of the Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia, held in June 1958, was the "completion
of the building of socialism in Czechoslovakia. 11 Since that
time the Party has pressed steadfastly forward toward that
goal, seeking to be the first of the satellites to arrive. The
year 1960 is currently being utilized by the Czechoslovak
Communists as a banner year to demonstrate to the world
that Czechoslovakia has indeed reached a new prominence
in political, social and cultural development, and is thus
entitled to recognition as second only to the Soviet Union in
socialist development and stature. The climax of the year's
activities will be the adoption of a new constitution that will
supposedly reflect the present state of achievement of social-
ism in Czechoslovakia, and establish the prerequisites for
future advancement. The new constitution will emphasize
the increasingly important role played by the Communist
Party in organizing anca leading the country further along
the road of socialist development. The Party, which in fact
already dominates all aspects of public life, will be formally
recognized as the leader of state and society in Czechoslo-
vakia. This study is presented in the light of these develop-
ments 25X1 C10b
25X1 C1Ob
It is by no means intended to be a
comprehensive study, but is rather presented as a brief
orientation and ready reference manual on the history and
organization of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
5-E- -E-T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
PART I. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE COMMUNIST
PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA ................ 1
Introduction ............................... .. 1
Origin of the Party, 1864 - 1921 ................ 2
The Period of Inner Party Strife, 1921-1929 ..... 6
The United Front Against Capitalism, 1929 -
1938 .................................... 13
The War Years, 1938 - 1945 ................... 15
The Rise to Power, 1945 - 1948 ................ 16
The Consolidation of Power, 1948 - 1953........ 20
The Rise of a New Generation, 1953-1960 ....... 29
PART U. THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE
COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA. .. 37
Organizational Principle. 0 . . . 6 . 0 .......37
The Party Congress .......................... 37
The Party Conference ..... . 3$
The Central Committee ....................... 38
The Political Bureau, . .. *. . .................39
The Secretariat .................... . 39
The Party Control Commission ................ 40
The Central Auditing Commission .............. 40
The Regional Conference. . . 0 4 ... 0 ... 0. ......... 41
The Regional Committee....*.* .... ............ 4l
The Regional Bureau .......................... 42
The Regional Secretariat... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
The District and City Conference .............. 43
The District or City Committee................ 43
The District or City Bureau. ........ ... 44
The District or City Commissions ............. 44
The .Regional, District and City Control
Commissions ............................ 45
V
5-E- ErT
elease : CIA-RD
Sanitized - Approved For R 78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001.200140002-1
S-E-C- -T
The Local Committee ......., ...... ....... 45
Primary Party Organizations ... ........... . .. 45
Party Groups. .............................. 47
The Communist Party of Slovakia.............. 47
Appendices
A. Structural Charts of the Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia. . . .................... 51
B. Membership of the Leading Organs of the
KSC ............... ............... ...-..
63
C. KSC Membership ........................ 71
D. KSC Congresses and Conferences.......... 73
S-E- -T
For Release : C
Sanitized - Approved A-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
SE-G-R- -
PART I
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
INTRODUCTION
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunisticka
strana Ceskoslovenska -- KSC) was founded in 1921 and, like
most other political parties, has had its ups and downs over
the course of years. Springing from a Social Democratic
background, the KSC grew to maturity amidst inner-Party
strife and under the careful tutelage of its teacher and model,
the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. There are three
characteristics of the KSC that make it stand out from other
Communist parties in Eastern Europe. First, the KSC began
as a legal political party and, with the exception of the Nazi
occupation of Czechoslovakia during the period of late 1938 to
early 1945, it has remained a legal party ever since. Second,
the KSC is a mass party. Although the Party had a relatively
small membership during its initial years and has undergone
periodic purges or "screenings" during the course of its
history, the fact remains that the KSC has always, in com-
parison with other Communist parties, maintained a relatively
large membership. At its peak strength in August 1948, Party
membership amounted to approximately nineteen per cent of
the population of Czechoslovakia. Third, although it wavered
somewhat during its first eight years, since 1929 the KSC has
been consistently "Stalinist" in its policies. Even during the
"thaws" that followed Stalin's death and the now famous 20th
Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the KSC
maintained its hard line, wavering only slightly off course.
The Party has gone through several phases of development
and growth, but it stands out as a legal, mass party that has
clung fast to the Moscow hard tine.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
S- R-E-T
Origin of the Party, 1864 - 1921
The geneological lines of the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia extend back as far as 1864 when Ferdinand
La Salle established a branch of the General Workers'
Society in Western Bohemia. This organization was
suppressed shortly thereafter by the Austrian authorities.
In 1872, Czech Social Democrats who had joined the Aus-
trian Social Democratic Party began publishing their :own
Czech paper, Delnicke Listy. A few years later, during a
secret congress held in Prague/Brevnov on 7 April 1878,
the Czechs founded the Czechoslav Social Democratic Labor
Party as a section of the Austrian Social Democratic Party.
The new party was persecuted by the Austrian government
and suffered from internal strife between anarchists and
moderates. In 1888, the moderates won control during the
Austrian Social Democratic Party Congress at Hainfeld,
and adopted the Congress' Marxist program. Because the
parent Austrian party denied the Czechostavs the right to
send delegations abroad, the section broke away in 1893.
By 1897, the Czech Social Democrats had succeeded in
obtaining representation in the Austrian Reichstag (five
deputies), and in the same year founded their own news-
paper, Pravo Lidu.
With the outbreak of World War I, many Czechoslovak
soldiers subsequently found themselves in the Czech Legion
in Russia at the time of the Russian revolution. Many of
these soldiers developed Communist sympathies, so that
later it was possible to establish a Union of Communist
Legionaries of some 15, 000 men. Among this group were
such men as Jan Harus and Cenek Hruska, who are members
of the KSC Central Committee today. From these Communist
Legionaries and from Czech prisoners of war in Russia, a
Czechoslovak Communist Party in Russia, with professional
revolutionary Alois Muna at its head, was formed during a
constituent congress on 25-29 May 191.8 in Moscow. A con-
ference of Czechoslovak Social Democrats living in Russia
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved %[ Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
had preceded this congress on 25-27 November 1917.
After the war, the Party disbanded and its members
returned to the new Czechoslovak Republic where they
proceeded to infiltrate the Czechoslovak Social Democratic
Party.
Meanwhile, a "left-wing" led by Bohumir Smeral had
developed in the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
after the founding of the Czechoslovak Republic. Smerat was a
Leninist who rejected Social Democratic participation in the
"bourgeois" government, placing social reform before national
reform, and who, on this platform, was to lead the secession
of the left-wing from the Social Democratic Party. The "left"
began to form from many sources: Smeral's left-wing Social
Democrats, Muna's Czechoslovak Communists, a group of
"anarcho-syndicalist" intellectuals such as S. K. Neuman,
H. Sonnenschein and E. Vajtauer, and left-wing intellectuals
from the former "Realist Club" led by Zdenek Nejedly. In
February 1919, a body called the "Marxist Left" founded a
Communist weekly named the Socialni Demokrat. A Czech
delegate named Handlir attended the 1st Congress of the
Comintern in Moscow in 1919, and seven delegates from the
"Marxist Left" were sent to the 2nd Congress in 1920.
On 5 October 1919, the left-wing of the Czechoslovak
Social Democratic Party came into the open with its opposition
to Social Democratic coalition politics in a declaration stating
that "our goal is a Socialist Republic, and this goal can only
be reached through an unflinching advance in the class struggle
against the bourgeoisie".1 On 7 December 1919, it held a
separate conference of its own in Prague. However, the
left-wing still hesitated to break the unity of the Social
Democratic Party, and sought to achieve its aims through
parliamentary tactics within the Party rather than through
revolutionary tactics.
Paul Reimann, Geschichte der Kommunistischen Partei der
Tschechoslowakei, pp 90-91.
3
S-F -- T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
During the year of L920, relations between the left-wing
and the "right" reached the breaking point. There were two
separate Social Democratic parties in Czechoslovakia: the German
Social Democratic Party and the Czechoslovak Social Democratic
Party. Each Party had its left-wing. On 9 May 04U in Reichenberg,
the left-wing of the German Social Democrats met and issued a
declaration stating its desire to join the 3rd International, and calling
for a dictatorship of the proletariat. Tension mounted during the
following months. A campaign was begun by the Czechoslovak
Social Democratic left-wing to unseat the leadership at the forth-
coming 13th Party Congress in September, but the right-wing
countered by postponing the congress. However, the left was not
to be put off. On 25 September 1920, the 13th Congress of the
Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party took place under the leader-
ship of the Left-wing in defiance of the Party leadership.' The
rupture was completed, with approximately one-half of the member-
ship of the Party breaking away. The leaders of the left were then
expelled, and bitter fighting broke out between the two factions.
Using force, the left seized the editorial offices of the Party paper,
Pravo Lidu, and occupied the Lidovy Dum, Party headquarters in
Prague. For a time they ran their own newspaper, but by 9 December
1920 they had been expelled by government authorities and the proper-
ties returned to the Party. The left then organized strikes in various
industrial centers, and set up revolutionary committees yin some
places. Again they were defeated when government armed forces
intervened and suppressed the strikes.
The year 1921 was a decisive one during which the efforts
of the Marxist left culminated in the establishment of the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Its formation began in
Slovakia at the Lubochna congress of the Slovak Marxist Left
on 15-16 January 1921. The Communist movement in Slovakia
had begun in December 1918 under the influence of propaganda
from the Hungarian Communist Party. The Hungarian Soviet
Republic, under Bela Kun, gave the Slovaks a brief period of
4
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
Soviet rule in south, middle and east Slovakia during the spring
of 1919, and after the collapse of the Bela Kun government in the
summer of L919, many Slovak and Hungarian Bolsheviks fled to
Slovakia where they nourished the Slovak Communist movement
and helped build a communist party. Organized by Marek Culen,
Frantisek Kubac and Ludovit Benada, the Lubochna Congress
voted to accept all of the 2l conditions of the Communist Inter-
national except the L7th condition, which stipulated that the
Party designate itself the Communist Party. Acceptance of
this condition was Left up to the all-party congress of the
Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (Left) which was sche-
duled for May 1921. The Lubochna Congress succeeded in
uniting Slovak, Hungarian and Rutheno-Ukrainian Communists
in Czechoslovakia.
On 27 February 1921, the Czech, German and Slovak unions
of youth joined into one Union of Communist Youth in Czecho-
slovakia which then became a section of the Communist Youth
International. Shortly thereafter, on 12 March 1921, the German
Social Democratic left held a congress in Liberec at which they
accepted the 2L conditions of the Communist International and
formed the German section of the Communist Party of Czecho-
slovakia under the leadership of Karel Kreibich.
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was officially
established during a congress of Social Democrat Leftists held in
the Communal House in Prague/Karlin on 14-16 May 1921. There
were 569 delegates present, 483 voting delegates and 86 non-
voting. Together they represented nearly half a million members.
The congress voted to accept the 21 conditions of the Communist
International and to unite Czech, Slovak, Hungarian and Rutheno-
Ukrainian Communists into one common Czechoslovak Communist
Party. Bohumir Smeral was chosen to be the first leader of the
Party, and his lieutenants and co-founders were Antonin Zapotocky
and Josef Haken. The Communist International, however, was
reluctant to accept the KSC into its ranks since there were still
many Communist elements in Czechoslovakia that had not been
included in the new party. During the 3rd Congress of the
Communist International which met in Moscow on 22 June to 12
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - ApproWd For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
S-E-C'% . -T
July 1921, Lenin himself advocated a union of all Communists
in Czechoslovakia, and the congress decided to accept the KSC
into the International provided a unified, all-state KSC be created
within three months.
With this incentive, consolidation of the Party was not long
in coming. In June, the left of the Polish Social Democrats in
Czechoslovakia accepted the 21 conditions of the Communist
International, and named itself the Polish section of the KSC.
Members of various Communist groups began attaching them-
selves to the KSC, and a common conference of Communist
organizations was held in August 1921. The Communist women
in Czechoslovakia joined into an international unification of
Communist women in October, and from 30 October to 4 November
1921, the Merger Congress of the KSC took place in the Narodni
Dum in Prague/Smichov. The congress was attended by 245
delegates, 169 voting and 76 non-voting delegates, with repre-
sentatives of the Communist International and of the Communist
Party of Germany also present. With the help of the Executive
of the Communist International, the Party's organizational rules
were worked over to conform with Bolshevik principles of
organization, and were approved by the congress. A state-wide
Party composed of all Communist elements in the country now
existed in Czechoslovakia, and the KSC became a bona fide
member of the Communist International.
The Period of Inner Party Strife, 1921-1929
"In its first years, the KSG had many traditional social
democratic traits in its appearance and character. Its activity
was expressed mostly in general political agitation, and only
a little in active struggles. " 2 What "active struggles" the
Party did engage in appear primarily to have been struggles
within the Party between a left-wing and a right-wing rather
than against the "bourgeois" toe.
2 Vaclav Kopecky, Tricet let KSC; vzpominky na zalozeni KSC
a hlavni udalosti jejiho vyvoje, p 36.
5 -T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
Shortly after the foundation of the KSC a group of ultra-
leftists, later dubbed "anarcho-syndicalists", sprang up in
opposition to the Smeral Leadership of the Party. The Jilek
group, as the anarcho-syndicalists came to be known, was
composed of such men as Bohumir Jilek, Bolen, Dr. Houser,
Vajtauer and Sturc. Dissatisfied with the stow pace at which
the Party was progressing toward establishment of a dictator-
ship of the proletariat, they sought an immediate reform of
capitalist society by doing away with capitalist competition.
This was opposed to the policy of the 4th Congress of the
Communist International which advocated that first the
majority of the working class be won to communism through
use of the tactics of the United Front, using at the same time
the slogan of a "Workers' and Peasants' Government" in the
struggle of the proletariat for power. The difference appears
to have been mainly a question of how fast the Communists
should progress toward establishment of the dictatorship of
the proletariat, the ultra-leftists favoring a more urgent
course than that being followed by the KSC .
On the other hand, by 1923 the Smeral "right-wing" of
the Party had drifted toward a position of "opportunism"
favoring collaboration with the bourgeois government of the
Czechoslovak Republic. The Smeral leadership regarded the
Workers' and Peasants' Government as a transitory stage of
the movement toward a dictatorship of the proletariat, a means
to be used within the framework of the bourgeois democracy
for furthering worker politics. The ultra-Leftists wanted to
pursue a headlong course toward the dictatorship of the pro-
letariat, whereas the "opportunists" wanted to bring about the
dictatorship solely through parliamentary tactics within the
framework of the existing democratic republic. The Comintern
position lay somewhere in between.
In the midst of this. conflict, the 1st Congress of the KSC
took place on 2-5 February 1923 in Domovina Hall in Prague/
Holesovice. It was attended by 184 delegates, 125 voting and
59 non-voting delegates. Also present were Vasil Kolarov, a
represenative of the Third International, and a representative
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
of the Communist Party of Italy. The attitude of the Smeral
group, that the proletariat could acquire political power: only
through "bourgeois" institutions, prevailed and was confirmed
as the Party line. Smeral was re-elected as chairman of the
Party, and Antonin Zapotocky became secretary. The Jilek
group was expelled from the Party.
"In 1924, the internal ideological conflict led to a crisis. It
was the first serious crisis experienced by the Party in the
course of its regeneration to a Bolshevik party. "3 A new left
had arisen to replace the ousted Jilek-left. The new left-wing,
composed of such persons as Bubenicek, Gottwald, Haken, Harus,
Hodinova, Hruska, Kolsky, Kopecky, Krosnar, Slansky Svoboda,
Tuma, Vetiska and Vodicka, supported the program of the 5th
Congress of the Comintern (17 June to 8 July 1924) which advocated
the revolutionary overthrow of the bourgeois by Leading the
majority of the working class in the establishment of a dictator-
ship of the proletariat. The 5th Comintern Congress also
established the principle of organizing factory cells rather than
local organizations as the basic organizational unit of the
Communist Party. The right-wing, led by Smeral, Zapotocky
and the Jilek group, which had apparently radically altered its
attitude and had been readmitted to the :Party, persisted in its
program of a gradual approach to the dictatorship of the pro-
letariat within the established state structure. The right wing
was also against abandoning local organizations in favor of
plant organizations.
This was the situation within the Party when the 2nd Congress
of the KSC took place from 31 October to 4 November 1924 in
Domovina Hall in Prague/Holesovice. The 2nd Congress is
regarded by the KSC today as one of the milestones of the
Party along its road to Bolshevization. There were 209
delegates at the congress, 145 voting delegates and 64 non-
voting. Among the foreign representatives present were: D.
ManuLisky from the Communist International, and representatives
of the Communist Parties of Austria, France and Germany. The
left, which had the support of the Communist International
behind it, was just able to capture control of the Congress. The
left received L8 seats on the Central Committee and the right
3 Kopecky, ibid. , p. 40
teT
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
received 14 seats, but the right wing was able to retain
control of the Control Commission and thus ultimately
retain effective control of the Party. Josef Haken headed the
leftist group on the Central Committee. A resolution was
passed which for the first time clearly established the
conditions for membership in the Party as (l) the regular
payment of dues, (2) active work in one of the Party
organizations, and (3) submission to all resolutions of the
Communist International.4 The 2nd Congress also approved
the 5th Comintern Congress, resolution for a reorganization
of the Party according to the principle of factory cells. The
left had won the day, but not the battle.
The "Bolshevization crisis" in the Party continued into
1925. In February, the right-winger B.ubnik and his group
of "opportunists, liquidators, and renegades"5attacked the
leftist Leadership of the Party. The left was backed in its
fight against the Bubnik group by the March L925 session of
the enlarged 5th Executive of the Communist International in
Moscow, and by Stalin himself who attacked the rightists in
his article, "On the Rightist Danger Within the Czechoslovak
Communist Party". Bubnik was subsequently expelled from
the Party, but the Smeralist right-wingers or "opportunists"
also took advantage of this opportunity to expel some of the
leftists leaders under the slogan of "Cleaning the Party" of
corrupt elements.
The 3rd Congress took place on 26-28 September L925 in the
Narodni Dum in Prague/Smichov. Josef Haken was elected
chairman of the Central Committee and Bohumir Jilek became
secretary-general. Smeral was sent to China by the Comintern.
The congress approved the acceptance of the former Independent
Socialist Party into the KSC, and elected Klement Gottwald to
4"History of the Congresses of the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia, " Zivot Strany, p. 636.
5 Kopecky, op. cit., p 43
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
the Central Committee and Politburo of the Party as a
representative of the Slovaks. Gottwald also became head
of the agit-prop department of the Central Secretariat. The
Bolsheviks were victorious at the congress, but were unable
to eliminate their rightist opposition. The Party was grad-
ually reorganizing from local to factory cells.
During 1926 and 1927, the left eased off somewhat in its
fight against the right-wing "opportunists" to give battle to a
new "ism"-- Trotskyism. Trotskyism, the sin of believing
that socialism could not be built successfully in one country
alone and that the peasantry was an opponent of socialism,
was represented in Czechoslovakia by two groups: a group of
Prague intellectuals under Professor Pollak, and a group led
by Neurath concerned with the German speaking areas of
Czechoslovakia.
The right-wing, however, did not stand still during this
period, and the Jilek-Bolen group was able to capture the
leadership of the Party at the 4th Congress of the KSC which
was held on 25-28 March 1927 in the Narodni Dum in Prague/
Smichov. Of the 273 delegates present at the congress, L30 were
voting delegates and 143 non-voting. Jiiri Dimitrov from the
Communist International, and representatives of the Communist
Parties of Austria, Germany and Yugoslavia were also present.
"The 4th Congress took place in an atmosphere of reinvigorated
opportunism in the KSC, "6 and the Party line formulated at the
congress was in later years repudiated by the Party as entirely
erroneous. The right still clung to its belief that communist
ends could be achieved through the already existing machinery
of state, while the left, following the Comintern line, wanted
to break with the'bourgeois "government and policies. The 4th
Congress is regarded by the KSC as the "Zenith of the ilek
Leadership" which lasted from 1926 to 1928. Jilek and Bolen
headed the right-wing Party leadership, and Gottwald assumed
control of the left-wing.
During 1928 the struggle between the left-wing and the right-
wing of the KSC was intensified, and the Left began to emerge as
6 Zivot Strany, op. cit. ,637
LO
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
the ultimate victor. The storm centered around "Red Day",
6 July 1928. The red workers' gymnastic organizations in
Czechoslovakia had organized a Red Spartakiade to be held
on that date in Prague. The event was banned by the govern-
ment, and in protest the KSC jumped into the fray by
declaring that a protest demonstration would be held on
July 6th whether the government prohibited it or not. After
much bickering within the Party, accompanied by super-secret
preparations which apparently left many participants unsure as
to their role in the demonstrations, the protest activities got
off to a rather shaky start on the morning of the 6th. The
police quickly and easily broke up the demonstration before it
had a chance to get well under way. The fiasco was a clear
defeat for the KSC, and evoked a storm of accusations and
recriminations within the Party. The left scored the Jilek-
Bolen leadership as opportunistic agent-provocateurs that had
isolated the party from the masses and had connived with the
bourgeois government to bring about the defeat of the working
classes. The right-wing blamed the passivity of the masses
for the Party's defeat. This incident served to crystallize
the leftist Bolshevik opposition led by Gottwald, Slansky and
Fried, and to firm up the left's position as representative of
the basic position of the Comintern. Confirmation of this
position was obtained during the 6th Congress of the Communist
International (15 July to l September 1928) at which Gottwald was
elected to the Comintern Executive and given the leadership of
the KSC. At the same time, the KSC, more specifically the
right-wing of the KSC, was condemned for "isolating the Party
from the masses".7
With the weight of Comintern support behind him, Gottwald
went to the 5th Congress of the KSC as the conquering hero.
'The 5th Party Congress of the KSC was, after the 2nd Party
Congress which introduced the Bolshevization of the Party,
the second significant turning point in the development of the
Party. "8 To quote the words of Rudolf SLanaky:
7"Czechoslovakia: Short History of the Communist Party,
News From Behind the Iron Curtain, August 1956, p 8
8 Reimann, op. cit., p 358
S-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : Cl -RDP78-009158001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
"The 5th Party Congress closed the initial period of
our Party's history, that period in which wavering op-
portunist and even openly defeatist elements within the
Party were able to act, when it was still necessary to
fight within the Party to ensure the application of Bolshevist
principles in the political leadership of the f-arty and to
carry out an independent revolutionary policy of the work-
ing class.
The 5th Congress marked the close of a bitter and
successful struggle against opportunist and defeatist
elements like Jilek and Bolen, and their removal from the
Party Leadership. The Bolshevist wring, led by Comrade
Gottwald, emerged victorious. Only after the 5th Congress,
after the election of the Gottwald leadership, a resolute
campaign was set afoot to remove the remnants of reformism
in the Party.
Only the new leadership was able to free the Party of
all manner of bourgeois ideology, to -wipe out right and left-
wing opportunism, to apply Marxist-Leninist tactics and
the strategy of the class struggle, and to reform the Party
on new, Leninist-Stalinist lines. "9
The congress took place on 18-23 February 1929 at various places
in Prague, meeting on the third day in the Communal House in
Prague/Karlin. A total of 176 delegates attended, 124 voting and
52 non-voting. Of the voting delegates, 112 were workers, Ll were
intellectuals, and one was a small tradesman. Representatives
of the Communist International and of the Communist Party of
Western Ukraine were also present. Following the Comintern
line, the 5th Congress called for a united front of all working
classes against imperialist wars and for the protection of the
Soviet Union, the first socialist state. The Party was called
upon to fight
"for the winning of the majority of the working class and
the wide strata of the poor peasants, for the expropriation
of the capitalists, for the expropriation of the large estates
without compensation, for the realization of the right of
self-determination of the people even to separation from
9 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia on the Road
to Socialism, p 20.
12
Sanitized - Approved F~R leas : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
the Czechoslovak state. The Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia declares openly that its goal can only
be reached through the forceful overthrow of the capi-
tatist society, through an armed uprising and through the
establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. " 10
The Jilek-Bolen leadership was purged from the Party (for a
second time), and Gottwald was elected Secretary-General of
the Party. A new Central Committee of 52 members was
elected along with a Political Secretariat headed by Antonin
Zapotocky and consisting of the following members:
Klement Gottwald Jan Sverma Melzer Stuhlik
Rudolf Slansky Evzen Fried Rejman Synek
Josef Haken Guttman Hruby Cenek Hruska
The final struggle was a bitter and costly one. Although Gottwald
was elected as a deputy to the National Assembly in the elections
that followed in October, the Party as a whole was reduced to 30
out of 300 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and 15 seats out of
150 in the Senate (in November 1925 the KSC obtained 41 of the
300 chamber of Deputies seats and 20 of the 150 Senate seats).
The Party lost influence and membership, but it once and for
all acquired the distinctive "MADE IN MOSCOW" stamp that it
has carried to the present day.
The United Front Against Capitalism, 1929-1938
The years between the Bolshevization of the KSC in 1929 and
its dissolution in 1938 were years characterized by the Party's
attempts to foment class struggle in Czechoslovakia. The re-
organization from local to factory cells, started by the and
Congress of the KSC in 1924, was completed. Following the
line of the 5th KSC Congress, Gottwald; in his first speech to
the Chamber of Deputies on 21 December 1929, proclaimed a
"merciless fight against the bourgeoisie until its leadership
is swept away." 1 r
Reimann, op. cit., p 358
Behind the Iron Curtain, op. cit. ,
p8
Sanitized - Approved F~oiERG =7CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-0091 5RO01 200140002-1
At the 6th Party Congress which was held on 7-LI March
1931 in Prague, the theme of a united front of the working
classes against capitalism was reiterated. As its battle cry
during this period, the Party adopted the slogan "For a Pro-
letarian Solution to the Crisis". There were 214 delegates at
the congress, 97 with votes and 117 in an advisory capacity.
A representative of the Communist Party of Germany and a
representative of the Berlin organization of the Communist
Party of Germany were also present. In contrast to previous
congresses of the KSC, the 6th Congress was marked by its
unity and Bolshevist solidarity.
The early thirties were years of economic depression; in
Czechoslovakia, and the KSC used the times to stir up class
struggle. This struggle culminated with the Great Miners'
Strike in the Most brown coal region in March 1932. During
1933 and 1934 the Party's fortunes reached a low ebb.
Legislation was passed in 1933 enabling the government to
dissolve any party hostile to the state, and the KSC was
harassed by arrests of Party functionaries and the breaking
up of some of its meetings. An attempt by the KSC to create
a "socialist union" of the Communists and socialists against
the "reactionary bourgeois" was rejected by the socialists.
In 1934 the KSC began preparing to go underground and secretly
elected a new Central Committee headed by Klement Gottwald.
However, with the rise of the Nazi threat from Germany, the
Party, which took an early stand against Hitler, began to enjoy
renewed influence in Czechoslovakia. In the elections in May
1935, the last free elections in Czechoslovakia prior to World
War II, the KSC won 30 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and
16 in the Senate.
At the 7th Party Congress which convened on 11-14 April 1936
in the Narodni Dum in Prague/Smichov;, the KSC pressed its
advantage by formulating as its main mission the battle against
fascism and Hitler's aggression. Some 559 delegates, of which
495 were voting delegates and 64 were non-voting delegates,
took part in working out a detailed program for a People's
Front of all working people to defend the Republic. Foreign
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S- - -E-T
guests at this congress included representatives of the
Communist Parties of Austria, Greece and Great Britain.
During this period there was one minor skirmish within
the Party ranks brought about apparently by the signing of the
Czechoslovak-Soviet Pact. At a special meeting of the Central
Committee in February 1936, the editor of Rude Pravo, Budin,
was expelled from the Party for carrying on "anti-Communist
propaganda", and Sverma and Slansky were expelled from the
Secretariat because they had wrongly interpreted the pact as
justifying cooperation of the KSC with the "bourgeois" coalition
government.
The United Front of the working people remained the Party
line until the fall of 1938. On 21 October 1938, the Czechoslovak
government prohibited KSC activity; on 27 December 1938, the
KSC was dissolved along with other political parties in Czecho-
slovakia as a result of the Munich Agreement.
The War Years, 1938-1945
Shortly after the Party was dissolved, its leadership went
into exile in Moscow to direct the Party's underground acti-
vities from there. Gottwald, Appelt, Koehler, Kopecky, Korb,
Krosnar, Siroky, SLansky, Smeral and Sverma went to Moscow.
Dotansky, Kliment, Kopriva and Zapotocky were arrested on
15 March 1939 trying to cross the border into the USSR, and were
sent into concentration camps. Siroky was also caught later
and spent the war in prison. Urx, Klima, and Otto and Viktor
Synek assumed leadership of the KSC at home, while Julius
Duris Led the Party in Slovakia. A few, Clementis, London,
et al., went to London where they refused to join in the "im-
perialist" war until the German attack on the Soviet Union on
ZL June 1941 took place. Party members threw themselves into
the fight against the Nazi occupation and for the moment became
patriots. Four illegal Central Committees were formed during
the war, but each was successively eliminated by the Gestapo
except the fourth. The Communists claim that the Nazis killed
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
E -T
25, 000 members and functionaries of the Party during the
war.
By war's end the Party ranks were very thin, but the, Party
was by no means weak or disorganized. The fact is that the
Party was stronger than ever. The Slovak section of the KSG
merged with a section of the Slovak Social Democrats on
17 September 1944 to create the Communist Party of Slovakia.
In Moscow, the Party leaders laid plans for gaining control
of the machinery of Local government at the end of the war.
Local, district and regional National Committees were to be
organized under the control of the Minister of Interior who
was to be a Communist. Discussions ]held between President
Benes and Czechoslovak Communist leaders in Moscow in
December 1943 and March 1945 firmed up in part the post-war
political structure of Czechoslovakia and created the National
Front in which the Communists later played the dominant role.
The Rise to Power, 1945-1948
As the war drew to a close in the spring of 1945, the KSC
went into action. In areas liberated by the Red Army, the
Communists set up their National Committees which functioned
as the local government in those areas. The Red Army refused
to cooperate with any other governmental bodies, and thus the
stature of the National Committees was increased. On 4 April
1945, a new national cabinet was appointed at Kosice in
Slovakia. The cabinet was headed by Social Democrat Zdenek
Fierlinger who had cooperated closely with the Communists
in Moscow during the war. In addition, the Communists had
two Deputy Prime Ministers in the six-member Presidium of
the government, Klement Gottwald representing the KSC, and
Viliam Siroky representing the Communist Party of Slovakia
(KS S). Of the ministries, the Communists obtained those of
Interior, Agriculture, Social Welfare, Information, and Education.
General Ludvik Svoboda, pro-Communist head of the : Czechoslovak
Forces in the USSR during the war, was made the Minister of
National Defense, and Vladimir Clernentis, a Communist who
had been in London during the war, became State Secretary of
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs where, due to Minister Jan
Masaryk's frequent absences to attend various conferences,
he held a large degree of the real political and administrative
power of that ministry.
According to the agreement reached in Moscow in March
1945 between the Communists and the Benes leadership, a
National Front was established in Czechoslovakia immediately
after the war. The National Front was composed of the KSC,
the Social Democrats, the National Socialist Party, the
catholic People's Party, and two Slovak parties: the KSS and
the Democratic Party. These were the only six political
parties allowed, and each had equal representation in the
Provisional National Assembly (i.e., each party obtained
40 seats with an additional 20 seats going to representatives
of "all-national special interest groups", most of which were
Communist dominated; of the remaining 20 seats, 12 went to
Slovak special interest organizations, 3 to Slovak cultural and
scientific workers, and 5 to represent the Ukrainian population).
The KSC and the KSS remained separate political parties since
in that way the Communists were able to control more seats in
the Assembly. Seats in thatbody were allocated to the various
parties on 28 October 1945 by the Revolutionary National
Committees (Communist dominated), and out of 300 seats in
the Provisional National Assembly, the Czech and Slovak
Communists acquired 98 seats (51 Czech and 47 Slovak). From
the very beginning, therefore, the 6mmunists were able to
obtain an advantageous position in the post-war government
of Czechoslovakia. Their political fortunes had indeed improved
from those of the pre-war years.
Concurrently with its drive for power in the government, the
KSC: sought to increase its influence among the masses. In
May 1945, the Party threw open its ranks to a mass membership
influx. Gottwald, who had returned to the Czechoslovak Republic
to participate in the Kosice Government, became Party Chairman,
while Slansky became Central Secretary. In Slovakia, Siroky
became head of the Slovak Party and was assisted by Julius
Duris.
17
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
The first post-war congress of the KSC, the 8th Congress,
was held on 28-31 March 1946 in Prague. Indicative of the
Party's increased membership (estimated by Party organi-
zational secretary Marie Svermova at 1. 1 million) were, the
1166 delegates, of whom 1038 were voting delegates and 128 in
an advisory capacity. Of the voting delegates, 294 were members
of factory organizations and 744 were members of local organ-
izations; 876 were men and 162 were women. Viliam Siroky
led a delegation from the KSS, and delegations were also
present from the following Communist Parties:
The Bulgarian Workers' Party (Communists)
The Communist Party of Belgium
The Communist Party of Denmark
The Communist Party of France
The Communist Party of Great Britain
The Communist Party of Greece
The Communist Party of Holland
The Communist Party of Spain
The Communist Party of Sweden
The Communist Party of Yugoslavia
The Polish Workers' Party
The Swiss Party of Labor
The tenor of the 8th Congress was nationalistic. The speakers
praised the Party as the main enemy of the Germans and the
main resistance force during the war. They assured everybody
that they did not intend to collectivize the countryside or. to liquidate
the small private businesses. The general line of the congress,
however, was "not to allow power to return to the hands of the
bourgeoisie, but on the contrary to broaden and strengthen the 12
power of the working class until its victory over the bourgeoisie. "
The Sth Congress was called the "Congress of Builders"
Due to their dominating position in government and their
ability to offer their partisans posts in government and in the
economic machin'ry of the state, and to allocate to them confis-
cated lands and enterprises, the Communists enjoyed a large scale
influx of Party members.13 In the national elections of 26 May 1946,
127ivot Strany, op. cit., 639
13Behind the Iron Curtain, op. cit. , p 10
Sanitized - Approvg_ e acre : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
the Communists obtained over 40 per cent of the. vote in
Bohemia and about 30 per cent in Slovakia, or roughly
38 per cent of all the votes cast in Czechoslovakia.
Gottwald became Prime Minister and Fierlinger a Deputy
Prime Minister. The Communists not only retained con-
trol of the ministries that they already had, but also
added the Ministry of Finance to their control, in addition
to gaining 114 seats out of the 300 in the Constituent Assembly.
On 8 July 1946, Gottwald presented his"Program of Action"
to the new Assembly, calling for a new constitution and a
two-year plan for reconstruction and economic recovery
for 1947-1948. This was followed on 22 January 1947 by a
session of the Central Committee at which Gottwald called
for a "struggle against reactionary forces. " 14 This was the
signal for a general membership drive in the KSC aimed at
gaining the majority of the nation in the coming elections in
the spring of 1948..
The Communists next strengthened their hand in Slovakia
by accusing the Slovak Democratic Party. their major
competitor in Slovakia, of conspiring against the unity and
integrity of the Republic. This brought about a shake-up
in the Slovak Board of Commissioners, the Slovak equivalent
of the Czech ministries, which resulted in greater control
for the Communists. By now, however, Communist tactics
had alienated many voters in Czechoslovakia so that as the
1949 election year loomed on the horizon, the total vote for
the Communists threatened to diminish from that of the 1946
elections rather than increase as formerly expected. Perhaps
with this in mind, and seeing how easily their "little coup" in
Slovakia had gone, the Communists provoked a cabinet crisis
in early 1948 by refusing to comply with a majority resolution
directing the Communist Minister of Interior to revoke the
removal of eight senior police officers the Prague region
who had been replaced by Communists. Twelve of the non-
Czechoslovakia on the Road to Socialism, op. cit. pp 50-51
Behind the Iron Curtain, op. cit., p 11
Sanitized - Approved For _ _
14 RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
p.agoS
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
Communist ministers resigned in protest. The Communists
arranged street demonstrations and called out the pro-Com-
munist workers' militia; Gottwald threatened President Benes
with civil war unless he accepted the resignations of the 12
ministers. Meanwhile, Communist police raided the offices
of the non-Communist parties. and Communist action
committees were set up which began to purge non-Communists
from the National Assembly as well as from offices, schools
and businesses. These action committees later became' the
local organs of government. On 25 February 1948, the
Communist coup d'etat was completed with the appointment
of a new cabinet of Communists and fellow-travellers. A
Communist-dominated National Assembly was elected on
30 May 1948, and Gottwald was elected President at the
elections that took place on 14 June 1948 following Benes'
resignation on 7 June 1958 after refusing to ratify a new
Soviet-type constitution. Zapotocky became Prime Minister.
The Communists now had complete control of the government.
The Consolidation of Power, L948-1953
Immediately after the February 1948 coup, the ranks of the
KSC began to swell rapidly. Many members of non-Communist
parties applied voluntarily for KSC membership in order to
"save their skins". Others were put under great pressure by
the Party to join. All were accepted without any special
screening. Membership rolls were further increased when
the Social Democrats, led by pro-Communist Zdenek Fierlinger,
joined the KSC en masse on 26 June 1948. By August 1948, total
Party membership, including the Slovak Communist Party which
merged with the KSC on 28 September 1948 and became a regional
unit of the KSC, was nearly two and a half million. This mass
influx of members into the Party, however, was terminated by
a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the
KSC passed on L5 August 1948. In conformity with this resolution,
a screening, the Party's first, of all Party members and can-
didates for membership took place between L October 1948 and
31 January 1949. During this period, 2, 418, 199 members were
screened, 76, 638 were struck off the membership lists, 30, 495
T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
were expelled and 522, 683 were demoted to the status of
candidates for membership. A ban was placed on the
admission of new members to the Party in November
1948 which remained in effect until the 9th Party Congress
in May L949 when Stakhanovites were allowed to enter.
After the Party had completed its seizure of the reins
of government and was able to turn its attention fully to
the task of governing, the KSC drew up the first Five Year
Plan for Czechoslovakia, announcing it on 28 October 1948.
At a session of the Central Corrrnittee the following November,
Gottwald announced as the Party's major tasks the limitation
and repression of capitalist elements in the country and
support of the cooperative movement in agriculture. The
general tine of the 9th Congress of the KSC, which took
place in. the Industrial Palace in Prague on 25-29 May 1949,
was the "building of socialism in Czechoslovakia". The
Party was assigned the primary task of mobilizing all forces
in the country to fulfill the first Five Year Plan which
sought the large scale industrialization of Czechoslovakia.
As a secondary task, the Party was instructed to socialize
the villages and agriculture by collectivizing the farms.
Other points stressed at the 9th Congress were the education
of a working class intelligentsia, the National Front as the
correct way to unite the working people of city and country,
and close relations with the Soviet Union as a requisite to
the building of socialism in Czechoslovakia. A record number
of delegates attended the congress, 2346 in all, including
2068 voting delegates and 273 non-voting delegates. An
indication of the extent to which the reorganization from local
cells to factory cells had progressed is given by the fact that
of the voting delegates, 1366 were members of factory cells
and 702 were members of local cells. There were L766 men
and 302 women. In addition, 31 delegates attended from the
following foreign parties:
The Albanian Party of Labor
The Communist Party of Argentina
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Party
Party
Party
Party
Party
I-arty
Party
karty
Party
Party
Party
Party
Party
Party
Communist Party
Communiat Party
of Austria
of Bulgaria
of Catalonia
of Chile
of Denmark
of England
of Finland
of France
of Greece
of Holland
of Italy
of Luxembourg
of Spain
of Sweden
of the Soviet Union
of Trieste
Communist Party of Venezuela
Hungarian Workers' Party
Progressive Workers' Party of
Rumanian Workers' Party
Socialist Party of Cuba
Swiss Party of Labor
United Socialist Party of Germany
United Socialist Party of Iceland
Klement Gottwald, the President of the Republic of Czecho-
slovakia, was re-elected Chairman of the KSC, and Rudolf
Slanaky was chosen as General-Secretary.
As the Party went forward in its consolidation of political
power, the effects of the consolidation began to be felt' within
the Party itself. The first "screening" of the Party member-
ship which lasted from 1 October 1948 to 31 January 1949 has
already been mentioned. In the spring of 1949, the screening
began to assume the first aspects of a, purge of individual
leading Communists when Evzen Klinger, Chief of the Press
Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Dr. Oskar
Kosta, Deputy Chief of the Press Division of the Ministry of
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
Information and Enlightment, were arrested. Both had spent
World War II in England and were of Jewish ancestry. They
were Later referred to as "cosmopolitans", whose crime
consisted of an alleged lack of patriotic feeling. Closely on
the heels of this development came the ousting of Vilem Novy,
Editor-in-Chief of Rude Pravo and Chairman of the Foreign
Affairs Committee of the National Assembly, in November
1949. He was accompanied by Evzen Loebl, Deputy Minister
of Foreign Trade, and Ing. Milan Reiman, Head of the Office
of the Government Presidium. On 25.February 1950, Party
Cadre Department head Ladislav Kopriva delivered a report
to a session of the Central Committee in which he charged those
who had been purged with being "espionage agents fqr. the Western
imperialists and bourgeois nationalist elements". Lu He also
denounced Bohdan Benda, a member of the Central Committee
concerned with defense questions, and a group of foreign trade
officials who favored more trade with the West as "Tito agents".
Developments became somewhat more spectacular when
Dr. Vladimir Clementis, Minister of Foreign Affairs, resigned
on 14 March 1950. Dr. Gustav Husak, Chairman of the Slovak
Board of Commissioners, and Laco Novomesky, Slovak Com-
missioner of Education, Sciences and Arts, were recalled from
their positions in early May. During the 9th Congress of the
Slovak Communist Party, Viliam Siroky accused those who had
been purged of being guilty of bourgeois nationalism. Clementis
was condemned for having criticized the Nazi-Soviet Pact and
was charged with believing that socialism could be built without
a relentless class struggle against the bourgeoisie. Karol
Smidke, Chairman of the Slovak National Council, was also
indicted at this time for failing to convey wartime instructions
from Moscow.
Other Party members and leaders were yet to follow as the
purge gained momentum. A Central Committee resolution of
26 June 1950 provided for a new screening of all members and
candidates of the Party to be conducted in connection with the
L6P. Korbel and V. Vagassky, Purges in the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia, pp L2-13
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
issuance of new membership cards, existing ones having
expired on 31 December 1950. The second screening
was instigated to "examine and evaluate each member
and candidate of the Party on the basis of his work for the
Party and the Republic. It was designed to help purge
the Party of dishonest people, of people with a bad record
for their past, of c aeerists and of all those who did not
fit into the Party. " In November 1950, Otto Sling, Chief
Regional Secretary of the KSC in Brno, was arrested and
charged with sabotage and spying for Anglo-American
imperialists. Others implicated with Sling were:
Ruzena Dubova, Head of the Organizational Department
of the Regional Secretariat of the KSC
in Brno.
Dr. Vitezstav Fuchs, Regional Secretary of the KSC in
Ostrava.
fnu Landa, Regional Secretary of the KSC in Usti nad Labem.
Hanus Lomsky, Chief Regional Secretary of the KSC in Plzen.
Ervin Polak, Deputy Minister of Interior.
Marie Svermova, Deputy Central Secretary of the KSC.
An indictment against these persons was delivered at a
session of the Central Committee on 21-24 February 1951 by
Vaclav Kopecky, Chairman of a three-man investigation
commission appointed by the Presidium of the Central Committee.
In addition to Kopecky, the commission included Gustav Bares
and Bruno Koehler. Slits and "company" were linked with
Clementis and "company", and were accused of having been
against an intensification of class war and in favor of Czecho-
slovakia taking its own road to socialism. Svermova was singled
out for special criticism and accused of surreptitiously criti-
cizing conditions in the USSR, opposing the Soviet Union's
annexation of Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia, objecting to the Com-
inform's 1948 resolution on Yugoslavia, and setting up her own
operational unit in the Central Secretariat. The outcome was
that Svermova, Clementis, Husak, Novomesky and Smidke were
expelled from the Party and deprived of their seats as members
17lbid., p 8
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
of the Constituent Assembly. Sling had already lost these
privileges at the time of his arrest.
nrm y General Alexej Cepicka, Minister of National
Defense, announced on 9 March 1951 that the "conspiracy, to
which the enemy had assigned in Czechoslovakii8such an
important task, could not disregard the army". Major
General Bedrich Reicin, Deputy Minister of National Defense,
and Lt. Col. Kopold, Marie Svermova's son-in-law, were
implicated in the Sling, Svermova, Clementis conspiracy.
By this time many others had been purged from the civil
administration, too, including:
Dr. Rudolf Bystricky, Ambassador in Great Britain.
Dr. Otto Fischel, Ambassador and head of the diplomatic
mission in the German Democratic
Republic.
Dr. Eduard Goldatuecker, Minister in Israel.
Dr. Vavro Hajdu, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Dr. Adolf Hoffmeister, Ambassador in France.
Dr. Ivan Holy, Deputy Minister of Light Industry.
Ladislav Holdos, Slovak Commissioner.
Dr. Ivan Horvath, Minister in Hungary.
Dr. Alexander Kunosi, Minister in Argentina.
Josef Kyonka, Deputy Minister of Labor and Social Welfare.
Arthur London, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Dr. Daniel Okatyi, Slovak Commissioner.
Dr. Vladimir Outrata, Ambassador in the United States.
Josef Pavel, Deputy Minister of National Security and
General of the National Security Corps (SNB).
Josef Smrkovsky, Eirector General of the State Farms and
State Forests.
Little realizing what was in store for him, Party Secretary-
General Rudolf Slanaky violently denounced the Sling, Svermova,
Clementis group as traitors during April and May of 1951. On the
occasion of his 50th birthday on 31 July 1951, Slansky received
the Order of Socialism, the highest decoration to be awarded for
meritorious actions undertaken toward the achievement of the
18Ibid. , pp 24-25
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
victory of socialism in Czechoslovakia. Then, at an
unannounced Central Committee session on 6 September
1951, Gottwald announced a reorganization of the Party.
Slansky was relieved of his post as Secretary-General
and assigned as Director of a new economic division. The
reorganization also affected Julius Duris, who was recalled
as Minister of Agriculture because of inefficiency. Evzen
Erban, also recalled because of inefficiency from his post
as Minister of Labor and Social Welfare, and Army General
Ludvik Svoboda, Deputy Prime Minister, also felt the
effect of the reorganization. Although Slansky performed
the required act of contrition in which he publicly admitted
his error in failing to uncover Svermova, Sling and Fuchs
as saboteurs and spies, he was not spared from arrest
for anti-state activities on 28 November 1951. Gottwald
announced on 6 December 195L that Slansky had been proved
guilty of a "direct, active and ... leading role in the anti-
Party and anti-State conspiracy whose discovery and gradual
liquidation began in 1950 with the arrest of the spy and traitor
Sling". L9 Purged with Slansky were Ludvik Frejka, Economic
Advisor to Klement Gottwald and Chief of the Economic
Department of the Office of the President of the Republic;
Bedrich Geminder, Editor-in-Chief of the Cominform paper
For a Lasting Peace, For a People's Democracy (Geminder
was of Jewish descent); and Dr. Rudolf Margolius, Deputy
Minister of Foreign Trade. On 24 January 1952, Ladislav
Kopriva was reported as relieved of his position as Minister
of National Security. In March and April of the same year,
Central Committee secretaries Josef Frank, Gustav Bares,
Jiri Hendrych, and Stefan Bastovansky were replaced. At the
end of February 1952, Army General Jaroslav Prochazka was
replaced as Chief of Staff by Vaclav Kratochvil.
The climax of the purge was reached on 20-27 November
1952 with the trial of Rudolf Slansky and 13 of his "accomplices".
Vladimir Clementis, former Minister of Foreign Affairs,
a Slovak,
Otto Fischl, former Deputy Minister of Finance, of Jewish
origin.
L9Behind the Iron Curtain, op. cit., p 12
26
a- jll~~
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
Josef Frank, former Deputy Secretary-General of the
Central Committee
Ludvik Frejka, former Head of the Economic Department
of the Presidents Chancellery
Bedrich Geminder, former Head of the International Department
of the Central Committee, of Jewish origin.
Vavro Hajdu, former Deputy Foreign Minister, of Jewish origin.
Evzen LoebL, former Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade, of
Jewish origin.
Arthur London, former Deputy Foreign Minister, of Jewish
origin.
Rudolf Margolius, former Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade, of
Jewish origin.
Bedrich Reicin, former Deputy Minister of National Defense, of
Jewish origin.
Andre Simone, former Editor of Rude Pravo, of Jewish origin.
Otto Sling, former Secretary of the Regional Committee in Brno,
of Jewish origin.
Karel Svab, former Deputy Minister of National Security.
Rudolf Slansky was also of Jewish origin and, in addition to being
former Secretary-General of the KSC, was a Deputy Prime
Minister before his arrest. Victims of the purge were accused
of a multitude of various charges, among the main list of which
are the following.
1. Titoism and terroristic-Titoistic treason.
2. Activity as agents for Western imperialists, espionage for
the West, cooperation with the French secret police.
3. Bourgeois nationalism aimed at the secession of Slovakia
from Czechoslovakia.
4. Insulting or expressing an unfavorable opinion toward the
USSR.
5. Violation of internal Party democracy.
6. Poor cadre work and favoritism in filling Party and State
offices.
7. Failure to apply the Marxist-Leninist general line.
8. Western orientation of foreign trade.
9. Bribery and corruption.
27
5-E- -T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
10. Interference in the state administration.
11. In individual cases: German origin, subservience
to bourgeois emigration led by Dr. Benes, lack of
vigilance and leniency toward errors and short-
comings, slipshod rr%dthods of work, and sabotage
methods in general.
Terms such as "cosmopolitans", "Titoists", "Zionists",
"Trotskyists" and "bourgeois nationalists" were frequently
used in referring to the purgees. In all, more than one-
fourth of the Central Committee elected at the 9th Party
Congress in May 1949 was purged to a lesser or greater
degree, in addition to the many others purged who were
not members of the Central Committee. A special all-
state conference of the Party was convened from 16-18
December 1952 to discuss the Slansky trial and to approve
a new Party Organization Statute that eliminted the
position of Secretary-General from the Party. The general
tenor of the conference was one of fear and confusion, but
Antonin Novotny was praised for his role in ferreting out
the Slansky conspirators.
In retrospect, there are two aspects of the purge that
stand out rather sharply. First, the purge in Czechoslovakia
appears to have been but one of a series of purges initiated
in the Satellites at Soviet instigation as a reaction to :Titoism
and as a means of cleaning the Satellite party ranks of all
those who failed to meet the high degree of subservience to
Moscow demanded by the Soviets. The first of these purges
took place in Hungary. Recent evidence has shown that the
Hungarian trials were staged at Moscow's bidding, and were
in fact even supervised by the Soviets. The Czechoslovak
purge appears as an extension of the actions in Hungary.
The Slansky trial marked the high point of the Czech purges
and left Gottwald, who from the very beginning had been a
Moscow loyalist, in undisputed control of the Party. The
second aspect of the purge in Czechoslovakia that stands out
20
Korbel, op. cit., pp 49-50
Z8
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
is its anti-semitic character. Of the thirteen individuals
involved in the Slansky trial in November 1952, ten were
of Jewish descent, including Slansky himself.
After the Slansky proceedings the trials continued, but on
a lesser scale. The trials of Husak, Holdos, Horvath,
Novomesky and Okali in April 1954 marked the end of the
purges. However, Gottwald's death on l4 March 1953,
preceded only a week earlier by Stalin's death, brought
to a close the era of Party consolidation and opened a new
period of limited de-Stalinization during which the "cult of
personality" was partially rejected in favor of "collective
leadership".
The Rise of a New Generation, 1953-1960
The Great Purge of 1949-1953 eliminated many of the
old Party ideologists and left a vacuum among the Party
elite which has been filled by a new type of Czechoslovak
Communist, the administrator or "apparatchik". The
apparatchiks are not generally men of colorful backgrounds
or men with formal education. On the contrary, most of them
have received their training within the I-arty in their
respective fields. Their main qualification appears to be
an ability to work faithfully within the Party apparatus and
to adapt themselves skillfully to any course proclaimed by
Moscow. A few of the Gottwald "old guard" such as Siroky,
Dolansky and Bacilek still occupy prominent positions in the
Party hierarchy, but it is the new generation of Communists
such as Novotny, Barak, Koucky, Krutina, Simunek and others
that is the generating force in the Party today. One by one
the old ideologists are dropping by the wayside to be
replaced by the new administrators.
When Gottwald died in March L953, the position of
President of the Republic was filled by Antonin Zapotocky,
one of Gottwald's old guard who had up to that time been
Prime Minister. In September 1953, however, the important
post of First Secretary of the Party was given to Antonin
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
S- -T
Novotny, a man whose main source of strength has been
his loyalty to Moscow. The smoothness with which Novotny
took over the leadership of the Party is an indication of the
relative strength that the new generation already had
compared to the waning strength of the old guard which had
been severely shaken during the preceding, years of purge.
Under Novotny the fundamental tenets of the Party became
democratic centralism and the struggle against revisionism,
the main danger. Democratic centralism means that the
decisions and orders of the "duly elected" leadership of
the Party are unconditionally binding upon all echelons of
the Party. The term "revisionism" covers any trend
toward liberalization or a weakening of the absolute
authority of the Party. Thus the rule of the new generation
has been one characterized by an unprecedented consoli-
dation of the power and authority of the KSC leadership.
After the death of Stalin, the Soviet Union entered into
a brief period of liberalization known as the Matenkov Era
or the "New Course". The Communist leaders in Czecho-
slovakia, however, were cautious about adopting this policy
of "right wing deviationism", and feared that event slight
relaxation of their rigid controls might cause them serious
difficulties. Failure to accept the Malenkov line enhanced
their position with Moscow later when Khrushchev rose to
power and put an end to the "New Course".
At the 10th Congress of the KSC which was held in the
Industrial Palace in Prague from 11-15 June 1954, the
Czechoslovak Communist leaders were still hesitant about
going overboard on liberalizing trends coming out of Moscow.
Although the principle of "collective leadership" was propa-
gated, rejection of the "cult of personality" was done in
rather mild terms. The need to fight against "unfriendly
ideologies" such as social democracy, Masarykism and;
bourgeois nationalism was stressed, and in the economic
sector the Party was urged to help overcome the gap
between agricultural and industrial development. The
congress approved the statute adopted by the Party Conference
on 18 December 1952 with amendments replacing the Presidium,
30
S-E-C-R- -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
Political Secretariat and Organizational Secretariat of
the Central Committee with a Political Bureau (Politburo)
and a Secretariat. Party Secretary Novotny reported that
since the 9th Congress in May 1949, membership of the
Party had decreased from 2, 311, 066 members and candidates
to 1, 489, 234. This was reflected by the decreased number
of delegates at the 10th Congress. There we're only 1510
delegates attending (compared to 2068 at the 9th Congress),
1393 voting and 117 non-voting. Nikita Khrushchev led a
visiting delegation from the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union. Other foreign Parties represented at the Congress
were:
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
Albanian Party of Labor
Communist Party of Argentina
Communist Party of Australia
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
The Communist
Party of Belgium
Party of Brazil
Party of Bulgaria
Party of Chile
Party of China
Party of Denmark
Party of England
Party of Finland
Party of France
Party of Germany
Party of Greece
Party of
Party of
Party of
Party of
Party of
Party of
Party of
The Communist Party of
The Communist Party of
Holland
Indonesia
Israel
Italy
Luxembourg
Norway
Spain
Sweden
Tunisia
The Hungarian Workers' Party
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary
Party
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
The Polish United Workers' Party
The Progressive Workers' Party of Canada
The Rumanian Workers' Party
The Swiss Party of Labor
The United Socialist Party of Germany
Between 1953 and 1954 there was intellectual ferment
against Party suppression of ideological freedom, but this
had largely been contained by the end of 1955. Khrushchev's
wooing of Tito in the spring of 1955 also caused the Czecho-
slovak Communists some concern, but no major changes
in the Party's attitude were brought about. However, the
20th Congress of the CPSU in February 1956 did shake the
complacency of the Party leadership, and caused a brief
period of ideological turmoil in Czechoslovakia. Czecho-
slovak writers held a demonstrative congress in April
against Stalinist restriction of intellec tual freedom,
followed in May by a student demonstration in Prague.
Despite these outbursts, however, the liberalization
in Czechoslovakia did not reach the crescendo it did in
other satellites, notably Hungary and Poland, nor did it
last tong. The alt-state Party Congress that was held on
11-15 June 1956 was primarily intended to halt or reverse
the growth of the "revisionistic" attitudes that were spreading
among the Czechoslovak intelligentsia. Delegates to the
conference were instructed to "oppose anarchistic tendencies
in the attitude toward the state apparatus".?" A swing back
toward Stalinism, or at least a modified form of Stalinism,
set in and was strengthened by developments in Poland and
Hungary in the autumn of 1956. Seeing that the initial phases
of the Polish and Hungarian revolts were Led by disgruntled
Communists who were allowed to go too far with their
criticism and liberalism, the Czechoslovak Communist
leaders made "national communism", another name for
"revisionism", their main opponent, and partially vindicated
Stalinism.
Democratic centralism and anti-revisionism continued as
the hard line of the new generation of the Czechoslovak Communist
leadership after 1956. President Zapotocky's death in November
1Ibid., pp 103404
Sanitized - Approved For Release: CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For lease : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S-E- - -T
1957 occasioned no major disturbances within the Party
since Novotny already had firm control of the leadership.
He strengthened this control when he was elected Presi-
dent of the Republic on 19 November 1957, thus becoming
head of both the Party and the state. The 11th Party
Congress held in Prague on 18-21 June 1.958 endorsed the
Novotny hard tine, and propagated as its main theme the
slogan "Complete the Building of Socialism in Czechoslo-
vakia". A record number of foreign delegations attended
the congress including;
The Albanian Party of Labor
The Communist Party of Algeria.
The Communist Party of Argentina
The Communist Party of Australia
The Communist Party of Austria
The Communist Party of Belgium
The Communist Party of Bolivia
The Communist Party of Brazil
The Communist Party of Bulgaria
The Communist Party of Ceylon
The Communist Party of Chile
The Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of Columbia
The Communist Party of Denmark
The Communist Party of Ecuador
The Communist Party of Finland
The Communist Party of France
The Communist Party of Germany
The Communist Party of Great Britain
The Communist Party of Greece
The Communist Party of Holland
The Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Iraq
The Communist Party of Israel
The Communist Party of Italy
The Communist Party of Jordan
The Communist Party of Luxembourg
The Communist Party of Mexico
33
S- - -E-T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
The Communist Party of Norway
The Communist Party of Parag=ia.y
The Communist Party of Portugal
The Communist Party of Salvador
The Communist Party of Spain
The Communist Party of Syria and Lebanon
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Sudan
The Communist Party of Tunisia.
The Communist Party of Uruguay
The Communist Party of Venezuela
The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
The Korean Party of Labor
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
The Party of the People's Vanguard of Costa Rica
The People's Party of Fran - Tudeh
The People's Socialist Party of Cuba
The Polish United Workerst Party
The Progressive Workers' Party of Canada
The Rumanian Workers' Party
The Swiss Party of Labor
The United Socialist Party of Germany
The United Socialist Party of Iceland
The Viet Nam Party of Workers
Since the 11th Congress the apparatchiks have grown
stronger and the trend toward more efficient central control
has continued. Gradually but surely the old ideologi>ats are
giving way to the new administrators who represent the new
socialist intelligentsia. Whereas in. the past the rise.to
political prominence wae accomplished primarily through
governmental and other public offices, since the 10th:
Congress the Party administration and industrial jobs have
become channels to political ascendancy. The old type
Communists were trained especially in the field of ideology;
the new Communists are trained specifically for work in
specialized positions, and have fewer interlocking jobs than
the old leaders normally held. This has enabled the Party
to gain wider control of all state org.-ans and organizations.
34
S-E- -
ed For Re
E-T
Sanitized - Approv se : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved F elease : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
5-E-
At a plenary session of the Central Committee on
23 September 1959, First Party Secretary Novotny
announced a reorganization program which will further
consolidate the Party's control of state organs and the
Party leadership's control of the Party. He stated,
"It will, . , be necessary further to expand the jurisdiction
and responsibilities of the district and local authorities
for the administration and management of public affairs
on the basis of democratic centralism and in integration
with central management. " ??, Novotny then called for
a, complete territorial reorganization that would affect
both state and Party organs, He stipulated, however,
that "the principle of democratic centralism must
continue to be the basis and the main factor, the axis
of the new territorial adjustment... Central management
will remain the main economic principle.. "23 From these
statements it can readily be seen that the Party leadership
is still relying on the concept of democratic centralism
as th:? guiding principle in its management of the Party.
During 1960, the Party plans to complete its reorgani-
zation and to draw up a new constitution for the Republic
of Czechoslovakia that will probably reflect the Party's
increased stature in government. Collectivization of
agriculture is being pushed toward completion on an
accelerated schedule, and an all-out effort is being waged
to raise agricultural production. An all-state Party
Conference of the KSC has been called for 5 July 1960
to endorse the new constitution and the Third Five Year
Plan. By the time the Party Conference convenes, the
reorganization of Party and government will have been largely
completed. Under the guise of increasing local authority
in order to bring "organization and management... closer
to production", the Party leadership will have consolidated
its power even more efficiently by reducing the number
of regional and district organizations in both the Party and
the government. The reorganization will also have given
the Party leadership a chance to subtly purge the Party ranks
22
Rude Pravo, 13 November 1959
24
Ibid.
35
Sanitized - Approve -RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
of those whose loyalty is questionable or who have not
exhibited the administrative skills desired by the Party.
As a climax to the events of 1960, it appears very
likely that the Party may announce the achievement of
socialism in Czechoslovakia. Such an accomplishment,
only LZ years after the assumption of governmental
control, will undoubtedly give the KSC increased prestige
within the Communist world. Although only the second
state to reach socialism, Czechoslovakia will be able to
claim that it was the first state to achieve socialism after
starting from an industrially advanced capitalist base.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST
PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Organizational Principle
The leading principle in the organizational structure of the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia is democratic centralism.
Democratic centralism means:
(1) All leading Party organs are elected from the bottom
to the top.
(2) The elected organs regularly make account of their
activity to those organizations which elected them.
(3)
Strict Party discipline and the accession of the
minority to the majority.
(4) The resolutions of the higher organs shalt be
unconditionally binding for the lower organs.
The Party Congress
The Party Congress is theoretically the highest Party organ.
It is elected by the Party regional conferences, and is supposed
to meet at least once every four years. The Party Congress;
(1) Adopts and approves the report of the Central Com-
mittee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia,
the Central Auditing Commission, and, when necessary,
of other central organs.
(?.) Sets the basic line for the policies and tactics of the
Party and approves the, program and statutes of the
Party.
S-E- -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA -R P78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
(3) Elects the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Czechoslovakia and the Central Auditing
Commission.
The Party Congress thus acquaints the masses with
important changes, new objectives and personnel changes
in the upper Party echelons.
The Party Conference
In the period between Party congresses the Central
Committee convenes nationwide conferences to discuss
urgent questions of Party policy. The delegates to these
conferences are chosen at meetings of the regional commit-
tees. Conferences deal with special problems or objectives
that cannot wait until the next regularly scheduled congress
or which the Party wishes to emphasize. A nationwide
conference has the right to change the statutes of the Party
and to replace a portion of the members of the Central
Committee. It has the right to recall individual Central
Committee members who cannot guarantee that they will
properly fulfill the duties of the members of the Central
Committee, and to replace them with others to a limit of
one-fifth of the members of the Central Committee as
chosen by the Party congress.
The Central Committee
The Central Committee is theoretically the ruling body
between congresses. It is elected by the congress and
meets at least once every six months (usually 3 or 4 times
a year). The Central Committee:
(L) Directs all the work of the Party.
(2) Represents the Party in liaison with other parties,
organizations, and offices.
(3) Organizes and directs various Party institutions.
38
'-T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
S
(4) Approves representatives of the Party or the
government for the Slovak Board of Commissioners,
for the National Assembly, and for the Slovak
National Council.
(5) Appoints leading officials of the central organs
working under its control.
(6) Approves the leading secretaries of the regional
organizations.
(7) Assigns manpower and funds from the Party.
(8) Establishes the amounts of membership dues.
(9) Administers the central Party treasury.
(10) Elects a Political Bureau, a Secretariat and a
Central Commission.
The Political Bureau
The Political Bureau meets frequently between sessions
of the Central Committee to make policy decisions in all spheres
of Party and government activity. It is the real seat of political
power in the Party and state.
The Secretariat
The Secretariat is responsible for implementing the policies
of the Political Bureau and for carrying out its decisions. It
is the administrative arm of the Party and is concerned with the
daily management and supervision of the Party4s activities in
all fields of Party and public life. In order to carry out its
numerous and varied tasks, the Secretariat is organized into
working groups called departments or sections. Although the
exact number, organization and membership of these groups
are not known, the following list of those which have been
partially or fully identified gives an idea of the scope of their
activities.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S_E
Agriculture
Cadre
Education, Science & Art (Dept IV)
Finance & Planning
Fuel and Power
Heavy Industry (? )
High Party School
Historical Institute of the KSC
Institute of Social Sciences
International Affairs (contacts with
foreign CPts)
Mass Organizations (trade unions,
women, students, youth, etc)
Metallurgy (Foundries)
Party Organs (Dept I)
Press (may be a section of the
Agitprop Dept)
Propaganda & Agitation (Agitprop)
State Executive & Administration
Transport & Communications (?)
Jan HAVELKA
Bruno KOEHLER (?)
Zdenek URBAN
Alois INDRA
Josef TRESOHLAVY
Jan PILLER
Rudolf VETISKA
Jindrich VESELY
Ladislav STOLL
Gustav SOUCEK
Frantisek HAVLIN
Bohumil BELOVSKY
Miroelav PASTYRIK
M. SULEK
Vaclav SLAVIK
Kvetoalav INNEMANN
Antonin HR USKA
There are probably also departments or sections for consumer
goods, finance, foreign trade, military and security matters
(including intelligence), physical training, reports, etc.
The Party Control Commission
Elected by the Central Committee, the Control Commission
examines the appeals of members and candidates of the Party
which they have submitted to the Central Committee against the
decisions of the Lower Party organs in assigning Party punish-
ments. It also conducts disciplinary investigations and proceedings
in all cases referred to it by the Central Committee.
The Central Auditing Commission.
The Central Auditing Commission is elected by the Central
Committee and is directly responsible to it. Its function is to
audit the finances of all Party enterprises, and to exercise control
over all Party organizations in economic and financial matters.
Sanitized - Approv&t . A-RD P78-00915 R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
The Regional Conference
The regional conference is theoretically the supreme
organ of the regional organization. It is convened at least
once every two years by the regional committee, although
an extraordinary regional conference may be convened if
more than one-third of the membership of the primary
organizations of the region demand it. Extraordinary
conferences may also be called, for urgent reasons, by the
regional committee, the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Czechoslovakia or, in Slovakia, by the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia. Delegates
to the regional conference are elected at district conferences
held before the regional conference. The regional conferences:
(1)
(2)
Hear and approve the report of the regional
committee and the regional auditing commission.
Discuss the tasks of the regional organization, the
questions of Party work, and the work of the
Communists in the national committees, in pro-
duction in farming, in the mass organizations, etc.
(3) Elect the regional committee composed of 33 to 43
members and one-third alternates.
(4) Elect the regional auditing commission and the
delegates to the Party congress.
The Regional Committee
The regional committee is elected by the regional conference,
and has as its functions:
(1)
Provision for the fulfillment of the directives of
the Party, for the development of criticism and
self-criticism and the training of Communists in
the spirit of an irreconcilable attitude toward their
shortcomings, direction of the study of Marxism-
Leninism by members and candidates of the Party,
and organization of the Communist training of the
workers.
Sanitized - Approved F -RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
(2) Direction and control of the work of the district
and city Party organizations and confirmation
of the leading secretaries of the district and
city committees.
(3) Direction of the regional Party schools.
(4) Appointment of the editor-in-chief of the regional
periodical, and proposal of candidates for the regional
National Committees and the National Assembly,
and for the Slovak National Council in Slovakia.
(5)
Direction, through the Party groups, of the work
of the regional National Committee and of the
regional organs of the mass organizations.
(6) Within the limits of the region, assignment of Party
manpower and funds and the administration of the
regional treasury and the Party's economic
policies.
(7) Keeping the Central Committee of the Party system-
atically informed and, within established time periods,
reporting to the Central Committee on its activity.
(8) Election of a bureau composed of 9 to It members, and
of a leading secretary and 2 or 3 other secretaries
of the regional committee.
The Regional Bureau
The bureau of the regional committee meets at least once
a week, executes the resolutions of the regional committee,
and, in the period between meetings of the regional cormittee,
does all the work of the regional organization.
The Regional Secretariat
The regional secretariat is created by the regional bureau to
discuss everyday questions, to execute control of the fulfillment
of resolutions, and to direct the apparatus of the regional com-
mittee.
Sanitized - Approve or a easer .CIA-RDP78-00915 R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
S- -
"Olr
The District and City Conferences
Within the district all of the primary organizations of
the Party form the district organization. In district cities
all the primary organizations form the city organizations.
In large district cities the city Party organizations, with
the approval of the Central Committee, may be divided into
borough organizations which are on.the same level as the
district organization. The supreme organ of the district
and city organizations is in theory the district and city
conference which is convened at least-once a year by the
district or city committee. Extraordinary conferences
may be called when an urgent need arises by the higher
Party organs or by a request of more than one-third of the
members of the primary organizations. Delegates to the
district and city conferences are elected at membership
meetings of the primary organizations. The district and
city conference:
(L) Hears and approves the report on the activity of
the district or city committee and of the district or
city auditing commission.
(Z) Discusses the tasks of the Party in the district
or in the city.
(3) Elects the district or city committee, the auditing
commission and the delegates to the regional
conference.
The District or City Committee
The district or city committee meets at least once a
month, and:
(1) Provides for the fulfillment of the directives of the
Party, for the development of criticism and self-
criticism., for the training of communists in the spirit
of an irreconcilable attitude toward their own
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
-T
shortcomings, organizes the study of Marxism-
Leninism by Party members and candidates, and
directs the Communist training of the workers.
(2) Organizes, confirms, controls. and directs the
primary organizations, conducts the registration
of members and Party candidates.
(3) Proposes the candidates for the city National Committee,
the district National Committee, approves candidates
to the local National Committee, and through the
Party groups directs the work in these organs.
(4) Reports on its activity to the regional committee.
(5) Elects a bureau of 7 to 9 members, a leading secretary
and one to three other secretaries.
The District or City Bureau
The district or city bureau meets at least once a week to
execute the resolutions of the district or city committee, to
discuss the daily goals of the Party, and to direct the apparatus
of the district or city committee.
The District or City Commissions
The Commissions are probably appointed by the bureau and
are headed by members of the district or city committee. The
number of commissions varies. They are composed of laborers,
innovators, leading economic workers, technicians, functionaries
of the borough National Committee, representatives of mass
organizations, teachers, scientific workers and artists. Com-
missions deal with a variety of problems such as the growth and
structure of the Party, economic and technical problems in
industry, the dissemination of argumentative material to Party
activists, press questions, propaganda and agitation, etc.
44
-T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
The Regional, District and City Control Commissions
Control commissions at the regional and at the district and
city level are elected by the respective regional, district or
city conference. The functions of the control commissions at
these levels are the same as for the Central Control Commission
at the national level.
Local committees are formed in all cities, except regional
cities, and in large communities which, by their industrial nature,
the number of their population, and the number of Party members,
have the character of a city. These committees are elected by
a plenary meeting or conference of delegates from all the primary
organizations within the area of jurisdiction of the committee
being elected. The local committees are composed of from It
to 15 members and are subject to the district Party committees.
Each local committee elects a chairman, and appoints various
commissions to deal with current problems. The commissions
are political-economic in scope and are concerned with such items
as cadre management, schooling, Party literature, economic
problems, administration, Party organization, agitation and
propaganda, etc.
In villages, where in addition to the local village organizations
there are also factory organizations, a joint local committee is
established composed of 3 to 5 members who are elected at a
plenary meeting of all the primary organizations in the community.
The joint local committee elects a chairman, directs the work of
the Communists in the Local National Committees and in the mass
organizations, and discusses various questions of joint procedure
by the organizations in the locality.
Primary Party Organizations
Primary organizations are organizations with individual
membership. They are formed in factories, plants, workshops,
commercial enterprises, state farms, formations of the armed
forces, villages, offices, training institutes and establishments,
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
etc., where there are at least 3 Party members. Where there
are fewer than 3 members a candidate group is formed. The
supreme organ of a primary organization is the membership
meeting which is held at least once a month. The membership
meeting discusses the tasks falling on the primary organization
and outlines the method by which they will be carried out. The
primary organization elects a committee composed of from 3
to it members depending upon the size of the primary organi-
zation. Those having 5 or less members elect a confident. The
committee in turn elects a chairman, and both committee and
chai-man serve for a one year period. The duties of a primary
organization are:
(1) Agitation and organizational work within the masses
to carry out Party slogans and resolutions and to
provide for the management of the local press, such
as factory periodicals, wall newspapers, etc.
(2) To recruit new members into the Party and to provide
for political training of all members and candidates.
(3) To organize the political training of members and
candidates of the Party and to control their mastery
of a minimum knowledge of Marxism-Leninism.:
(4) To mobilize the workers in the factories, offices,
institutions, state farms, villages, etc. , for the
fulfillment of the plan, for the consolidation of labor
and state discipline, for the development of socialist
competition and the shockworkers' movement.
(5) To maintain permanent liaison with the leadership
of the factory, to feel responsible for the fulfillment
of goals, and without replacing the factory leadership
to point out shortcomings and help to eliminate them.
(6). To struggle against disorder and uneconomical management
of work in enterprises, offices, state farms, etc., and
to provide daily care for improving the cultural and
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
living conditions of the workers, the working
farmers, the office workers, and the intelligentsia.
(7) To develop criticism and self-criticism and to train
the Communists in the spirit of an irreconcilable
attitude toward their own shortcomings.
(8)
To help Party members and candidates who have been
assigned public functions for work in non-Party
organizations to fulfill their duties in an exemplary
manner, and to see to it that they are responsible
in their activity to the Party organs.
(9) To participate actively in nationwide economic and
political life.
Party Groups
At all meetings, councils, and in elected organs of the
people's administration, in trade union, cooperative, and other
mass organizations where there are at least 3 Party members,
Party groups are to be formed whose job is to extend Party
influence on all sides and to realize and carry out its policies
among non-Party members, to consolidate Party and state
discipline, to fight against bureaucracy, and to check on the
fulfillment of the directives of the Party and the government.
The Party groups are subject to the proper Party organs and
are obliged to direct their operations strictly and unwaveringly
by the directives of these organs.
The Communist Party of Slovakia
The regional organization of the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia in Slovakia is the Communist Party of Slovakia
which forms the units of the Party in Slovakia. In its activity
the Communist Party of Slovakia is directed by the resolutions
of the congress and of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Czechoslovakia.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
The Slovak Party Congress: The supreme organ of the
Communist Party of Slovakia is in theory the congress. In
agreement with the Central Committee c.)f the Communist
Party of Czechoslovakia, the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Slovakia calls a regular congress once
every two years. The Slovak Party congresses:
(1)
(2)
Accept and approve reports of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of Slovakia, of the Auditing
Commission, and of other organs.
Discuss the tasks of the Party of Slovakia.
(3) Elect the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Slovakia and the Auditing Commission.
The Slovak Central Committee: In the period between congresses.
the Central Committee is the supreme organ of the Communist
Party of Slovakia. it meets at least once every 4 months, and
elects a Bureau to direct its political-organizational work and a
Secretariat to carry out everyday work of an organizational-
execnative nature. The Slovak Central Committee:
(1) Executes the resolutions of the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
(2)
Decides political and organizational questions concerning
the Party in Slovakia in agreement with the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
(3) Directs andl controls the work of the reginnal Party
orgaaniza.tions in Slovakia.
(4)
Recommends to the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Czechoslovakia representatives for the Slovak
Board of Commissioners and the Slovak National Council,
and the higher Party and political offices.
(5) Assigns manpower and funds for the Party in Slovakia,
and administers the treasury of the Communist Party
of Slovakia.
48
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
(6) Directs the work of the Slovak Board of Commissioners,
the Slovak National Council, and of public organizations
in Slovakia, the Party groups in those organs and
organizations, and reports regularly to the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
on its activities.
The Slovak Party Control Commission, which is elected by the
Slovak Central Committee, and the Slovak Auditing Commission
which is elected by the Slovak Congress, perform the same
functions within the Slovak Communist Party that the all-Party
Auditing Commission and Control Commission perform within
the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
Regional, district and city, local, and primary Party
organizations in Slovakia have the same structural form as
their counterparts in Bohemia and Moravia.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP 8-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
Structural Charts of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
51
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
All-Party Congress
or Conference
Regional Conferences
Party
Groups
District and City Conferences
Conferences of Primary Party Organizations
53
in
Government
and
Mass
Organizations
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S-E .C
STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY' OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
NATIONAL LEVEI1
All-Party
Congress
or
Conference
Central
Auditing
Commission
r .....................--.
Political
Bureau
Slovak
Congress
or
Conference
Slovak
Central
Committee
Central
Committee
Departments
Slovak
Auditing
Commission
Control
Commission
Departments
54
Control
Commission
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
1"T
STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional
Auditing
Commission
REGIONS
Bohemia: Central Bohemian Region Prague
North Bohemian Region Usti nad Labem
East Bohemian Region Hradec Kralove
South Bohemian Region Ceske Budejovice
West Bohemian Region Pilsen
Moravia: North Moravian Region Ostrava
South Moravian Region Brno
55
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
Slovakia: West Slovakian Region Bratislava
Central Slovakian Region Banska Bystrica
East Slovakian Region Kosice
The Prague Municipal Party Organization has the status of
a regional Party organization.
56
S-T
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S-E-C-R-E-T
STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
DISTRICT AND CITY LEVEL
District
or
City
Conference
District
or
City
Committee
DISTRICTS AND CITIES
Central Bohemian Region: Benesov
Beroun
Kladno
Kolin
,Kutna Hora
Melnik
Mlada Boleslav
Nyrnburk
Prague - East
Prague - West
57
District
or
City
Auditing
Commission
Sanitized - Approved For Reeease1TA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
Pribram
Rakovnik
North Bohemian Region: Ceska Lipa
Chomutov
Decin
Jablonec nad Nisou (Gablonz)
Liberec
Litomerice
Louny
Most
Teplice
Usti nad Labem
East Bohemian Region: Chrudim
Havlickuv Brod
Hradec Kralove
Jicin
Nachod.
Pardubice
Rychnov nad Kneznou
Semily
Svitavy
Trutnov
Usti nad Orlici
South Bohemian Region: Ceske Budejovice
Cesky Krumlov
Jindrichuv Hradec
Pelhrimov
Pisek
Prachatice
Strakonice
Tabor
West Bohemian Region: Cheb
Domazlice
Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad)
Klatovy
Pilsen. City
Pilsen - South
Pilsen - North
Rokycany
Sokolov
Tachov
North Moravian Region: Bruntal
Frydek-+Iistek
Karvina
Novy Jicin
Olomouc
58
Sanitized - Approved Fo IA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
Opava
Ostrava City
Prerov
Sumperk
Vsetin
South Moravian Region: Blansko
Brno City.
Brno Outskirts
Bre clay
Gottwaldov
Hodonin
Jihlava
Kromeriz
Prostejov
Trebic
Uherske Hradisto
Vyskov
Zdar nad Sazavou
Znojmo
West Slovakian Region: Bratislava City
Bratislava Outskirts
Dunajska Streda
Galanta
Komarno
Levice
Nitra
Nove Zamky
Senica
Topolcany
Trencin
Trnava
Central Slovakian Region: 13anska Bystrica
Cad ca.
Dolny Kubin
Liptovsky Mikulas
Lucenec
Martin
Povazska Bystrica
Prievidza
Rimavska Sobota
Ziar nad Hronom
Zilina
Zvolen
59
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
[^ T
East Slovakian Region: Bardejov
Hvane:nne
Kosice
Michalovee
Poprad
Presov
Roznava
Spisaka Nova Ves
Treb:isov
60
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
LOCAL LEVEL
Conference
of
Local
Primary
Organizations
Local
or
Borough
Cmamittee
61
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
PRIMARY PARTY ORGANIZATION (CELL)
Primary
Organization
Meeting
Primary
Organization
Committee
Chairman
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
Membership of the Leading Organs of the KSC
as Elected at the 11th Party Congress, 18-21 June 1958
63
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY
OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FULL MEMBERS
1.
BACILEK, Karol
36.
KLADIVA, Jaroslav
2.
BAKULA, Michal
37.
KLECKA, Antonin
3.
BARAK, Rudolf
38.
KLENHOVA -BESSER OVA,
4.
BENADA, Ludevit
Ladislava
5.
BILAK, Vasil
39.
KOEHLER, Bruno
6.
BORUVKA, Josef
40.
KOLAR, Vaclav
7.
BROUCEK, Vojtech
41.
KONDEL, Emil
8.
CERMAK, Josef
42.
KOPECKY, Vaclav
9.
CERNIK, Oldrich
43.
KORCAK, Josef
10.
CHUDIK, Michal
44.
KOUCKY, Vladimir
11.
DAVID, Pavol
45.
KOUTNY, Antonin
12.
DAVID, Vaclav
46.
KOZELKA, Bedrich
13.
DOBIAS, Vaclav
47.
KRAJCIR, Frantisek
14.
DOLANSKY, Jaromir
48.
KRCEK, Antonin
15.
DR DA, Jan
49.
KRIZ, Jozef
16.
DUBCEK, Alexander
50.
KROSNAR, Josef
17.
DURIS, Julius
51.
KRUTINA, Vratislav
18.
DVORSKY, Frantisek
52.
LEFLEROVA, Helena
19.
FIERLINGER, Zdenek
53.
LENART, Jozef
20.
FRANTIK, Alois
54.
LITVAJOVA, Elena
21.
HAJEK, Jiri
55.
LOERINCZ, Julius
22.
HA R US, Jan
56.
LOMSKY, Bohumir
23.
HAVELKA, Jan
57.
MACHACOVA -D OS TA 1. OVA,
24.
HENDRYCH, Jiri
Bozena
25.
HLINA, Jan
58.
MAJLING, Pavol
26
HODINOVA -SPUR NA
Anezka
.
,
59.
MARKO, Jan
27
Frantisek
HONS
.
,
60.
NEJEDLY
Zdenek
28
HRON
Pavel
,
.
,
61.
NEMEC
Josef
29
Cenek
HR USKA
,
.
,
62.
NEPOMUCKY
Josef
30.
HUMENIK, Jan
63.
,
NOVOTNY
Antonin
31
INNEMANN
Kvetoslav
,
.
,
64.
PASEK
Vaclav
32.
JANKOVCOVA
Ludmila
,
,
65.
PASTYRIK
Miroslav
33.
JELEN
Oskar
,
,
66.
PAUCO, Pavol
34.
KANOV
Josef
,
67.
PAVLOVSKY, Oldrich
35.
KAPEK
Antonin
,
68.
PECHA, Frantisek
65
Sanitized - Approved For Release : 915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
69.
PELNAR, Jan
84.
STOLL, Ladislav
70.
POLACEK, Karel
85.
STRECHAJ, Rudolf
71.
PRCHLIK, Vaclav
86.
STR OUGAL, Lubomir
72.
PROCHAZKOVA, Bozena
87.
SVACINA, Oldrich
73.
PROKOPOVA, Julie
88.
SVOBODA, Adolf
74.
RYMES, Frantisek
89.
TESLA, Josef
75.
SALGA, Jiri
X10.
TYMES, Frantisek
76.
SEBIK, Jan
91.
UHER, Jindrich
77.
SIMUNEK, Otakar
92.
UHLIR, Vaclav
78.
SIROKY, Viliam
93.
VECKER, Milos tav
79.
SLAVIK, Vaclav
94.
VETISKA, Rudolf
80.
SMEHLIKOVA, Ludmila
95.
VODICKA, Jan
81.
SPINDLER, Matej
96.
VODSLON, Frantisek
82.
SRAIER, Karel
97.
ZUPKA, Frantisek
83.
STENCL, Jan
1.
BALAZ, Jozef
22.
MARECKOVA, Bozena
2.
BERAN, Oldrich
2:3.
MAR OSZ, Jan
3.
BOHDANOVSKY, Tibor
24.
MASEK, Vladislav
4.
CERNY, Josef
25.
MISKOVA, Jaroslava
5.
CHLEBEC, Emil
26.
MORAVCOVA, Marie
6.
DUBOVSKY, Pavol
27.
NOVOTNY, Jan
7.
DVORAK, Jaroslav
28.
PACLT, Jiri
8.
DVORAK, Richard
Z9.
PENC, Frantisek
9.
HAVELKA, Jaroslav
30.
PILLER, Jan
10.
HOMOLA, Oleg
31.
REITMAJER, Josef
11.
HRUSKOVIC, Mitos lav
32.
SIK, Oto
12.
HULINSKY, Josef
33.
SIPKA, Jan
13.
INDRA, Alois
34.
SKODA, Vaclav
14.
JANHUBOVA, Anna
35.
SORM, Frantisek
15.
JONAS, Josef
36.
SOUCEK, Gustav
16.
KAHUDA, Frantisek
37.
STASTNA, Vera
17.
KODAJ, Samuel
38.
SVESTKA, Oldrich
18.
KOLDER, Drahomir
39.
SVOBODA, Miroslav
19.
KRETOVA, Anna
40.
TONHAUSER, Pavol
20.
KUBA, Frantisek
41.
UHLIR, Jaroslav
21.
LASTOVICKA, Bohuslav
42.
URBANCOK, Michal
66
S- -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S F
43.
VLCEK,
Frantisek
44.
VALEK,
Josef
45.
VALO,
Jozef
46.
VASKO,
Michat
47.
VLASAK, Frantisek
48.
VLCEK, Stanislav
49.
VOJTAS, Oldrich
50.
VOLENIK, OLdrich
67
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
POLITICAL BUREAU OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF
COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
FULL MEMBERS
CANDIDATE MEMBERS
1.
BACILEK, Karel
1..
HLINA, Jan
2.
BARAK, Rudolf
2..
JANKOVCOVA, Ludmila
3.
DAVID, Pavol
3.
STRECHAJ, Rudolf
4.
DOLANSKY, Jaromir
5.
FIERLINGER, Zdenek
6.
H.ENDRYCH, Jiri
7.
KOPECKY, Vaclav
8.
NOVOTNY, Antonin
9.
SIMUNEK, Otakar
10.
SIROKY, Viliam
SECRETARIAT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE
COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
SECRETARIES MEMBERS
1. CERNIK, Oldrich 1.. KRCEK, Antonin
2. HENDRYCH, Jiri 2:. STROUGAL, Lubomir
3. KOUCKY, Vladimir 3. ZUPKA, Frantisek
4. KOEHLER, Bruno
5. KRUTINA, Vratislav
6. NOVOTNY, Antonin (First Secretary)
68
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
CENTRAL AUDITING COMMISSION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
1.
STETKA, Josef (Chairman)
14.
NEZBEDA, Vaclav
2.
DOHNAL, Jindrich
15.
NOSEK, Jaroslav
3.
HOJC, Jozef
16.
POETZL, Josef
4.
JANULIK, Frantisek
17.
POKORNY, Vaclav
5.
JURAN, Josef
18.
PROCHAZKA, Jan
6.
KABES, Jaroslav
19.
REJMAN, Rudolf
7.
KODES, Karel
20.
SISKA, Antonin
8.
KOLSKY, Josef
21.
TONDL, Jan
9.
KREPEL, Vaclav
22.
VITEK, Josef
10.
LEDL, Jaroslav
23.
ZABOJNIK, Alois
11.
MACHACEK, Josef
24.
ZAVADIL, Karel
12.
MISEJE, Frantisek
25.
ZERVAN, Jan
13.
MLEJNEK, Stanislav
CONTROL COMMISSION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE
COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
1.
HARUS, Jan (Chairman)
JONAS, Josef
2.
HASIK, Vilem
2.
SVOBODA, Josef
3.
HROMEK, Emerich
4.
JERMAN, Jaroslav
5.
JURIK, Pavot
6.
PALECEK, Josef
7.
RUZICKA, Otdrich
69
S-E-C-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved F ? C DP78-00915R001200140002-1
KSC MEMBERSHIP
MEMBERS
(IN MILLIONS)
1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 19 56 1957 1958 1959 1960 YEA RS
KSC OUTLAWED PARTY GREAT PURGE 1949-1954
i
i
30,
000
71
Sanitized - Approved For R e e : P78-009158001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
KSC CONGRESSES AND CONFERENCES
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
S-E- -
Meeting
Date
Place
Slovak Constituent Congress
January 1921
Lubochna
German Constituent Congress
12 March 1921
Liberec
Czechoslovak Constituent
Congress
14-16 May 1921
Prague
Conference of Communist
Organizations
August 1921
Prague
Merger Congress
30 October -
4 November 1921
Prague
First Party Congress
2-5 February 1923
Prague
Second Party Congress
4 November 1924
Prague
Third Party Congress
26-28 September 1925
Prague
Fourth Party Congress
25-28 March 1927
Prague
Fifth Party Congress
18-23 February 1929
Prague
Sixth Party Congress
7-11 March 1931
Prague
Seventh Party Congress
11-14 April 1936
Prague
Eighth Party Congress
28-31 March 1946
Prague
Ninth Party Congress
25-29 May 1949
Prague
All-State Party Congress
16-18 December 1952
Prague
Tenth Party Congress
11-15 June 1954
Prague
All-State Party Conference
11-15 June 1956
Prague
Eleventh Party Conference
18-21 June 1958
Prague
75
S-E-C- -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
 Sanitized - Approved FaNJ&W : CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1
NOFO
Sanitized - Approved For F e 2: CIA-RDP78-00915R001200140002-1