TEXT OF STATEMENT BY HELMS TO SENATORS ON C.I.A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP77-00432R000100350002-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 8, 2001
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 17, 1975
• Content Type: NSPR

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domestic and foreign press for YOUR
BACKGROUND INFORMATION. Further use
of selected items would rarely be advisable.
GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
GENERAL
WESTERN EUROPE
EAST ASIA
WESTERN HF.(`~IISPHERE
CONFIDENTIAL
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NEW YORK TIMES
17 January 1975
Text of ~ ~tatern~nt by_: He-lms~~'ta~-~_Senato~s on ~~.~.A.=
Speolal~to Tl~e Tev~ York Times
WASHINGTON, Jan. 1.6-
Foiiowing is the text op a
?statement Loday by Richard
Helms, former Director of
Central Intelligence, before
She Senate Armed Services
Subeominittee on Central In- '
telligence:
? Mr. Chairman: ~ ~
We are here this morning
for a straightforward .our-
pose: To get at the facts ,
bearing on the conduct of
the Central Intelligence
Agency in situations that
have lately come under at-
tack in certain quarters of i
the press and. from some
members of Congress. i
All the members of this
committee have devoted
anuch, if not all, of their pro= ,
fessional. lives to the public
service. I :ask for the privi-
Iege to speak to you across
the familiar ground of a ,
shared experience. Before be-
coming an Ambassador, I
spent 30 ?years in the intelli-
Bence service. For me and, I ' '
believe, for most of those,
who served with me in the
Central Intelligence Agency,'
these were years of high
meaning ?--serious work in
the American interest.
I was and remain >rn,irl ~f
my? work there, culminating
in my six and a half years as
director. I believed in the im-
portance to the nation of the.
function that the agency
served. I still do: without
regrets, without qualms,
without apology. ~
If then a feeling of pride
should hereafter pervade what
I have to say about my direc-
tion of the agency and my
exposition of !ts functions, I
pray you will not interpret:
my attitude as self-serving..
It !s .simply- the way I feel
about what I came to look
upon not merely as a job, but.
rather as a calling-a profes-
sion, regulated as all profes- .
signs are, by' scruples, by
honor, and by duty. In addi-
tion, the needs of the Presi-
dent were paramount, within
the bounds of a statutory
charter.
And if I should yield to
indignation in my comments
on the public turmoil that
now surrounds the agency; it
will be because I am .indig-
nant at -the irresponsible
attacks made upon the true
ends of the- intelligence func-
tion-attacks which, if suf=
feted to pass unchallenged,
could seriously damage the -
interests of the United States
by impairing its ability to live
safely in a world too much .
of which remains locked off
in closed, fortress-like states.
The function-the work,
that is-of the Central Intel-
ligence Agency is well spelled
out in the National Security
Act of 1947, the same act
that gave .rise to the nefense
Department as we know it{
today. .
That taw was passed otter
much debate. It has endured
the test of time and nearly
-three decades of international
turbulence.-
Basically, the charge laid
upon the agency-its con-
trollingmission-is to. collect,
synthesize and evaluate in-
formation associated with
foreign happenings that affect?
the national security. The
'finished product is passed
directly to the President and
the relatively few members.
of his staff who are reapon-'
Bible for the conduct of our
foreign policy and national
defense.
It so happens that the word
"foreign" does not appear in
the act. Yet there never has
been any question about the
intent of the ? Congress to
confine- the agency's intelli-
gence 'function to foreign
matters. All the directors
from the start-and Mr. Colby
is the eighth in the succes~
Sion-have operated on the
clear understanding that the
agency's reason for being
was to collect intelligence
abroad. The boundary has
always been plain to them
arld to their staffs.
Those of us who were in
one or another oP the nation-
al intelligence services during
the second world war remem-
ber well that when General.
Donovan first put .forward
the concept of a peacetime in-
telligence service agency in
1944, the idea was attacked
in the press as a device for
fastening a Gestapo on the
nation.
It was precisely for 'the
purpose of banishing such
fears, however groundless,
that the language of the
founding act specifies that
the Central Intelligence Agen-
cy would have no police, law
enforcement, or subpoena
power, and no internal secu-
rity function. '
To my certain knowledge,
all the Directors of Central
Intelligence in their turn ac-=
cepted the division of the
foreig nand domestic intelH-
gence and security tasks as
an absolute-a ? separation
confirmed by the mandate of
Congress. Our work lay in
foreign fields.
So that there may . be,
no misunderstanding, we
all know that just as
photographic satellites are
launched from American soil,
a considerable portion of our
effort is base din this coun-
try. The agency is charged
with collecting foreign intelli-
gencedomestically fmm Unit-
ed States citizens or residents
.traveling abroad.
Overseas activities may
need a home base in this
country and in any case are
basically administered from
headquarters in Virginia,
where also are the bulk of
our analytical and estimative
personnel.
As I wilt describe in a
minute, the interface with?
the Federal Bureau of 'In-
vestigation is continuous and
we have never in any way
challenged their jurisdiction.
And finally the Director of
Central Intelligence has the
statutory responsibility for
the protection. of intelligence
sources and methods from
unauthorized disclosure. But
in all this the targed re?
mains abroad.
How then dq_we account
for the phenomenon that
finds an agency.so chartered
under adrum-fire of attack
?fo~ allegedly engaging in do-
mestic espionage and other
illegal actions, in defiance of
its statutory constraints?
There are, in my observa~
lion, two reasons for that.
One is that the American
people in general ? and the
press as an institution have?
traditionally been skeptical
of any government operation.
'that is carried on in secrecy,'
especially in peacetime.
That distrust is a healthy
one and the intelligence serv-
ices should accept such skep-
ticism as an inescapable qc-
cupational hazard. They are
themselves, after all, es-
sentially reporting services..
whenever :they iaz1 to read
the signs correctly, or when-
ever they are guilty of some
misfeasance in the conduct
of their business; the press
? has a right, indeed a'duty,
to rtake them to task. -
Irresponsibility Alleged
This brings 'me to the
second reason, The current
attack aimed at the agency
was in my opinion irresponsi-
ble.
The principal allegations
remain unsupported, and, to
the contrary, have been un-
dermined by contrary evi-
dence identified by the press
itself. Yet these allegations,
picked up and carried to .the.
four. corners of the earth,
have brought undeserved em-
barrassment and humiliation
to the patriotic and dedicated
men and women of the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency, And
they seriously damage, at
least temporarily; the func-
tion the agency is. charged
with performing in the na-
tional interest. '
We in the intelligence com-
munity and the press in its
world are both in the busi-
ness of reporting information
in the public interest, I say in
all seriousness that for some
of the press to pound the'
public with such a farrago
bf charges can only result
in scarring the reputation of
an arm of the government
without serving a useful
purpose.
_ I offer, iP I may, another
observation. It is that quite
apart from the question of
the motives that may or may
not have fostered the attack
plainly lacked a firm under-
standing of the practices and
precepts of American inteli~i-
Bence.
I see now, in hindsight, a
fairly. urgent need for educat-
ing the press, and through
the press the American peo-
ple, in the not particularly
arcane distinctions that exist
in the intelligence commu-
nity.
If my estimate is correct, it~
-took the more responsible,
elements of the ?press a full
fortnight to grasp ? what has.
actually gone on onside the
different parts of that com-
munity. If this distinguished
panel should agree with me.
that much of 1`uinous misun-
derstandings of these .past
weeks could have been
avoided if only the intelli-~
Bence function had been
more widely understood; then
perhaps you will find a way
to' make certain the con-
fusion wi}1 not be repeated.
_... _. Two Parts of Budget ...._...,
To,begin with, there is the
.matter of straightening out
the public conception of the
various bodies that make up
the intelligence community,
the boundaries that separate
?them and the common con-
cerns they share.
It is well known, io be
sure, that our total Federal
intelligence effort is both ex-
tensive and expensive. Not so.
well known is the fact that
the Central Intelligence Agen-
ey's fraction of the total ma-~
chinery, in terms of money,
The bulk of its budget is
spent on the collection. and
assessment of information. In
contrast, the counterintel-
ligence side, the side that
seems most to fascinate our
critics, is small both in budg-.
et and in people. It has the
highly professional job of de-
tecting and countering
foreign efforts ~to penetrate
and subvert our- institutions;
and policies. _ `
In-this task the counterin-
telligence branch must by lay
and necessity work closely
with the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. The F.B.I.
handles the counterintel-
ligence function inside our
shores. The C.I.A. does the
job abroad. Manifestly, since
agents come and go, there
has to ~be a continuous in-
terchange of information be-
tween the two organizations,
and an exchange of files as;
well.
Trust and confidence are
the sovereign coinage in this
work. One simply cannot
pass such valuable people as
identified foreign agents to
and fro between ?tin~ f~:e'??~.
and the home systems as the
international and domestic
' air carriers do with their pas-
sengers. Our sources of intel-
ligence would not last long if
we were that indifferent.
An the agency, the press I have a last point to make.
Ia noa~rlal ?times few Ame '-
n
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cans would ever come'wittiia
the purview of our foreign in-
teliigence operations. That
happened - only when
evidence appeared of their.
iinvolvement with subversive
elements abroad.
Until the recent past, such
iinvalvements were rare oc-
currences. Then to the late
I,
The four senators evho voted
against creating the commit-:
tee yesterday were 1Villiam L.
Scott (R-Va.),-Jesse Helms (R-
N.C.), Herman Talmadge (D-
Ga.) and Strom Thurmond (R-
S.C.). I
In the New Executive Office
Building, meanwhile, the pres-
idential commission investigat-
ing the CIA held its third full
day of closed hearings. One
.witness was Richard Ober, a
;National Security. Council I
Aide who formerly worked in
the CIA counterintelligence
division, which conducted
some of the controversial do-
mestic surveillance.
Vice President Rockefeller,)
chairman of the eight-member
'commission, declined to ?dis-
' close any of the substance of
the testimony from Ober an_ d
'CIA Director t~'illiaen E.
Colby, ~vho reappeared. before:
the cofeunission yesterday: All
but one commission member,
former Gov.'Ronald Reagan,.
of California, attended: It was
~,Reagan's second absence. . _ .~,
WASHINGTON POST
20 January 1975
~'IA Domestic Spies
Spoof ed in Pratda
11'IOSCO~iT, Jan. 19 (UPI)
- The Communist Party
newspaper Pravda printed
a cartoon today spoofing.
the U.S. Central Intelli-
Bence Agency.
The cartoon showed
black-coated agents. form-
ing the Russian initials,
for CIA, watching two
men. The agents had a
camera, earphones and a
telescope.
Two other men are in.
the foreground with a
newspaper reporting alle-
gations of CIA domestic
spying.
One says to the other:
"Ole, them-they are CIA
agents spying nn members
n[ the commission which
is im~estigating CIA activi?,
.ties." -
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plc to review its operations and to pro-
vide a second line of defense against
the temptation to use covert funds and
people in ways :harmful to the long-run
interests of the United States.
~-In light of the Watergatescandals,
restoration of public confidence in the
CIA is essential. Only a thoughtful,
fulI'invpsfigation will accomplish this.
But for the sake of the country's stabil-
ity in this period of worldwide new-.
ousness; let .us not.cut down the tree
in order to.. prune out a few dead
branches. z.
~~?obe:
' Roles
"bugged" by government
eavesdroppers.
The composition of the com-
mittee seems to assure that
the investigation won't end;
up a whitewash, as some had
feared. Although Tower and
Goldwater have always been
considered close ?riends of
the defense and national se-
curity establishment, a ma-
jority of the 11 members
up the last surviving .Press-~
dent to determine if the Press-
dent of the .United States
knows what is going on,"
Baker said.
On the other side of Capitol
Hill, the House has been con-
sidering creating a special m?
select'committee of 'its own to
undertake a similar investiga-
tion, but hasn't yet taken ac-
tion.
Mansfield, before announc-
ing the names of the six Dem- ~
ocratic members, told the Sen-'
ate, "There can be no white-
wash in this inquiry .nor is
there room for a vendetta"
against the CIA or FBC. He
said he wants "no Roman cir?
cus or television spectacular."
As it became clear .on the
4
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WASHINGTON STAR
22 January 1975
~ C9~'s Case
~an anti-war congressman, or any not add np to "massive illegal dames-
The director of the Central Intelli= tic intelligence operations" to us. It
other
con
ressman for th
t matt
.
g
a
er,
Bence Agency, Vti'illiam E. Colby, has
was placed under surveillance. As to. does appear that CIA was involved to
made a persuasive rebuttal to charges "break-ins" in this country, Colby list- some extent in domestic intelligence
that the agency engaged in "massive .ed three and said they involved prem-, gathering that should have been left to'
illegal domestic intelligence opera- the FBI..It also is evident, as Colby
tions." Unless Colby is hiding some- ises related to agency employes or for-' suggested, that the legislation estab-
thing -- and there is no reason to be- mer employes whose activities fishing the CIA needs to be amended to
lieve he is -the most the CIA can be ~ involved questions of national securi- make it more clear where foreign
accused of is that it strayed somewhat ty. intelligence gathering ends and
On wiretapping charges, the
beyond the bounds of its charter. .. domestic intelligence begins.
...,_ _ _. ~ ., __ _,._ ~ __-___ _~ .dirertnr listed 2] tans between 1951 ., ..... ..
"massive illegal" operations involves. ~allu iyuJ, /llvvlvlu~; iy asclla;y 6111- ~`eXpOSe" than has been detailed by-
the compilation of files on 10,000- citi-~ Ployes or former employes and two ,
other citizens thought to be receiving Colby, it seems to us that the CIA has
tens involved in or somehow connect- .sensitive intelligence information. One been dealt an unjust blow. Further
ed with dissident activities and civil -.CIA employe was wiretapped after investigation by appropriate author-
disorders that swept the country dur- 1965 and that was done with approval hies certainly is not out of order, but
ing the years of protest against the the investigators ought to be careful
war in Vietnam. Colby's explanation of the attorney general. that the CIA's abili to c
as to how and why these files were Physical surveillance of citizens tY arry an its
within the United States was rare, vital national security functions is not
"kept is too detailed to set forth here,, Colby said, and was done only when further impaired.
but .reasonable people reading his -There is nothing particularly wrong
Thursday statement to .the' Senate there was reason to believe those
being shadowed might be passing with the Senate's decision to appoint a
Appropriations Committee could hard- information to hostile intelligence special committee to look into the CIA,
Iy draw the conclusion that the CIA is services. Colby aclmowledged several, as well .as into the intelligence
some kind of?an internal gestapo.instances when mail was inspected,- gathering operations of other -govern-
It is evident that-the CIA activity in ment agencies. President Ford's
regard to the dissidents was carried but said the primary purpose was to
out with full knowled e, even at the identify persons in correspondence overloading of his "blue-ribbon" panel
g with Communist- countries for pre ' with persons friendly to the CIA made
instigation, of the White House and the ~ it inevitable that Congress would make
Federal Bureau ~of Investi ation sumed counterintelligence purposes.
g Aside from providing some equip- its awn probe: The House probably
.which has responsibility for domestic; won t want to~be left out, so it is Iikel
,,:_____ ~_~__ ,_~:_ ~_ ment to one of the Watergate fiEUres Y
ultclll~cll~.c Sati1G1111~,' iclaull~ to tll~ 'that another .investigation will be
national security. The purpose, ac-~ -Howard Hunt -and preparing a
cording to Colby, was to determine Psychological assessment on Daniel started on that side of Capitol HiII. The
whether foreign stimulus or support Ellsberg, Colby denied any CIA in- danger is that the whole thing could
turn into athree-ring circus more
volvement in Watergate
.
was being provided to the dissident ac-
tivity. ~ ~ ' ' ~- - ~ ~ ;;,,The activities outlined by Colbp.do damaging than enlightening.
` . ~ BY KENNETH REICH
. ~ . Yirnes Political Wrater
5AZI DIEGO-A former Central Intelligence Agency
employe who told 10 days ago of being aware of CIA mail
surveillance of American citizens in 1958-59' is now charg-
ing here that the commission President Ford appointed to
Look into such allegations isn't really 5nterested in doing so.
Dr. ~Iel Crain, a 53-year-old San-Diego State University
political science professor, said in:an interview that since
he detailed the alleged.illegal surveillance he has~heard
from congressional investigators but not, from the staff.of
the commission heade~t by Vice President Rockefeller.
'l+iy impression.~of this commission is that it's tryin; to.
protect the- agency," Crain said. "That's essentially what
they're up.ta I don`t think they.really want to delve." .
In Washington; D.C, Friday, a commission spokesman
replied. "Don't lean on us too hard.` He said the commis-
sion staff is just getting organized and that it is the com-
mission's intention "to at least contact everyone who can.
contribute to the investigation." .
Accounts of interviews with Crain have run in recent
days at length in such prominent newspapers as fhe~hew
York Times, aild partial confirmation of what he had to
say has come from his immediate supervisor at the CIA in
the late 1950s, Ri~~-E~~tl~br~~@I$~`~'~69~R3~085 CIA-RDP77-004328000100350002-7
- .Colby flatly denied the charge that
LOS ANGELES TIMES
18 JAN 1975
the CIA's office of plans.
E.~entially, what Crain has said is that he received a
high security clearance in the fall of 19S8~that made him
aware that the Post Office Department was co~~ertly assis-
ting the CIA to intercept and copy letters American citi-
zens u-ere sending to the Soviet Union.
He reports that the briefing officer who gave him his
initial information about the surveillance ~~aid right out,
'this is unconstitutional and illegal, but remember, we':e in
Lhe Cold War and our mission demands it.` ?
Crain said that his objections to the surveillance
'hastened? his departure from the CIA, via resignation, in
June, 1919, after eight years with the agency.
Although the professor said he has long routinely told
his students that the CIA spied on American citizens, the
fist time such reports sparked any interest came in the
wars of recent published reports ,about alleged wide-rang-
ing CIA domestic surveillance.;n violation of the agency
charter. ~ '
'Then, Crain was approached and granted an interview
to a San Diego Union reporter.
Crain acknowledged in a Thursday afternoon Times in-
ter ~~iew that he is violating tivritten agreements he made
Frith the CIA not. to reveal anything publicly about his
u~or~ with the agency and he said he belie~-ed that techni-
cal) ~ he is in violation of the law for doing so.
)ut he said he believes a thorough airing of allegedly il-
legal CIA activities is in order. -
Crain Bald that even before the alleged mail surveillance
alarn~~d him, he had become concerned at'the increasir.;
conccne.ration inside the C[A on clandestine operations,
some of which he described as'just crazy." .
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t~VASHI NGTON .STAR
29 January 1875
One of the wisest heads in
the Senate rests upon the
aging shoulders of John
Stennis of Mississippi. Last
week the rampaging Jacobins
whacked it off: They shouted
down his effort to direct a-re-
spansible investigation of the
Central Intelligence Agency.
We are therefore likely to
have an irresponsible investi-
gation instead. On both sides
of Capitol Hill the tumbrels
are rolling. In the House it was
Bastalle Day for the seniority
system. We are in for a bloody
time. Unless the revolutionary
fervor can be calmed, the CIA
.will hecome the first victim of
the new inquisitors.
The peril to the CIA is both
real and immediate. The most
liberal Democrats in the Sen-
ate, known for their animosity
to the agency, are shouting for
a chance to sit on a select com-
mittee of accusation. In post-
~Watergate Washington, where
the guilt of public officials is
simply assumed, the CIA finds
itself convicted overnight of
"massive illegalities." That
was the charge brought by the
~4w ~.0.~. fir tfee C/A
New York Times in an over-
blown story on Dec. 22.
CIA Director William E.
Colby did his besf last week to
wet down the flames. He deliv-
ered along and remarkably
candid statement to a Senate
Appropriations subcommittee.
He flatly denied the substance
of the Times' allegations, but
he acknowledged that a few
errors of misjudgment and
overzealousness had occurred.
"Colby Admits CIA Spying in
U.S.," read the banner head-.
line in the Washington Post.
The headline was recklessly
misleading. -What -Colby
"admitted" was. that, com-
mencing in the summer of
1967, the CIA had established a
unit "to look into the possibil-
ity of foreign links to Ameri=
can dissident elements." Such
an investigation is plainly
within the CIA's field of re-
sponsibility. Before the inves-
tigation was ended in 1973,
Colby said, "files" had indeed
been. created on about 10,000
citizens -but he patiently ex-
plained that these were not
files or dossiers as the terms
generally are employed.
One by one, Colby took up
' ~ . .. .:a
Jita ~~1'!t'y~atA~~Offil~'
most of the specific charges
. brought by the Times =
charges of breaking-in, wire-
tapping, opening mail and
physical surveillance -and
reduced a mountain of innuen-
do to a molehill of fact. With-
out significant exception,. the
incidents were wholly defens-
~ible in terms of .the CIA's
obligations under the law. It is
high time for senior members
of Congress publicly to suggest
that Colby's credibility- is at
least as solid as the credibility
of the New York Times:
But the fever rages. Under a
little-noticed amendment" to
last year's Foreign Assistance..
Act, the CIA now is required to
advise the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee and the
House Foreign Affairs Com-
mittee of its covert operations
.abroad. The requirement is
pure mischief. These are
cheesecloth committees; they
are certain to leak. The CIA
also will have to send its -top
people to .testify before the
various investigating bodies.
Transcripts will be made of
their testimony, and these
transcripts will provide an .
.; ,
THE WAS$1TTGTON g(?8T
uir~.~'ocuses ~n ite ~dou~~T
~~r ~ac~'s ~rideraon
~d ,~ W~itteu
fFhe preliminary, secret testis
mony in the CIA investigation
~~as focused on the White House
itself.
Former CIA chief Richard
Helms, according to sources
close to the investigation, testi-
fied behind closed doors that he
had been pressured by both
Presidents Lyndon Johnson and
Richard Nixon to spy on Viet-
namwar protesters.
As far back as 1967, Helms al-
leged, Johnson began badger-
ing him to investigate any con-
nection between the protest
,movement and foreign enemies.
Both Johnson and Nixon sus-
pected that the Communists
viere pumping money into the
antiwar movement. However,
Helms reported chat the CIA
found no significant foreign in-'
~fluence.
Some radical groups, such as
the Black Panthers and the
1Weathermen, had foreign con-
tacls.But the student opposition
Tito the war effort was largely an
.American phenomenon, .said
&ielms.
His secret testimony was
taken by the President's com-
mrssion to investigate the Cen- and Rock Hudson; actor-prod- .views U.S. travelers wha miplk
tral Intelligence Agency. Other ucer Carl Reiner; conservative pick u "
witnesses' confirmed Ghat the news : c o m m e n t a t o r? Paul abroad. Gepliart didn't explain
.CIA files on American citizens Harvey; and folk singer. Joan why Hunt would need a fancy
largely grew out of the Johnson- Baez. "disguise if he were 4nerely con?
Nixon concern over the antiwar. The CIA, of course, got caught ducting routine interviews.
agitation. tin ;., t-,o -,.,~*e-:., '^~?--- ------
At first, the Secret Service be- times when the+CIAjjoverstep-
gan irivestigating every group, ped its legal 1-imits -and con-
nomatter how innocent; that ex- ducted domestic surveillance: It
pressed the slightest criticism became increasingly difficult to
of the President. The Nonviol-~ draw the line between legiti-
ent Direct Ackion group. came. mate security and_pglitical se-
undersurveillance
as a t
pical '???-~~? -
,
y
example, because it "urged
members to write Pres. and
other govt. ? officials to protest
war in Vietnam," according to
confidential Secret service rec-
ords.
By late 1970, the Secret Serv-
ice developed a computer net-
work,which now contains more
than 180,000 names of Ameri-
cans. Other government agen-
cies aIsobegan trading informa-
tion. Files began to grow on tens
of? thousands of citizens who,
were guilty of nothing more se-
rious than shooting off their
mouths against the President's
policies.
Dozens of celebrities wound
up in the files, including come-
dians Dick? Gregory, Groucho
1lfarx and Tony Randall; actors
Marlon Brando, Paul .Newman This is the branch that inter-~
irresistible temptation ~to.
garrulous congressmen, un-
scrupulous aides and rapa-
cious reporters.
In his statement, Colby said
the agency has wprked out
"cover" arrangements with
various corporations "to pro-
vide the ostensible source of
income and rationale for a CIA
officer to reside and work in a
foreign country." What is
Colby to say if one of his con-
gressional tormentors de-
mands to know more about
.these corporations? He can
only refuse to answer and risk
.contempt.
No intelligence agency can
operate in the sunshine of total
.disclosure; its sources will
.evaporate; friendly govern?
menu. will refuse their cooper-
ation. Two farmer CIA agents
already have done great harm
by writing turncoat books. A
hundred irresponsible con-
gressmen could well complete
the destructive work. It can't
be permitted to .happen, but
unless a few prudent men ride
to the CIA's rescue, it will hap-
pen' ... .. ~ _. .
'~ Jae. ~d,14?3'
It is also interesting that the ?
CIA converted the Domestic
Contact Service from a routino
intelligence operation to a cIan-
destineservice in 1973. This was
done ostensibly for budgetary
reasons. But once the unit be-,
came a clandestine service; the
CIA was no longer obligated try
give Congress a detailed ac;
In fairness, it should be add# tits
pressure from the white Iio>~s
to go beyond his legal authorily,?
6
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This was the atmosphere in
the backrooms of the CIA when
the Watergate caper began. The
CIA didn't balk, therefore, at
furnishing E. Howard Hunt with
a reddish wig, glasses, a speech
alteration device, a set. of alias
documents, a tape recorder con-
cealed in a portable typewriter
case, two microphones and a
camera disguised in a tobacco';
pouch.
.Hunt used this James Bond
paraphernalia to carry out his
Watergate assignments. They
CIA has insisted in secret state-'
menu that it had no knowledge ~
of Hunt's Watergate. role. The
supply officer, Cleo Gephart,;
has sworn that he thoug~-t Hunt'
was a member o[ the CIA's Ijo-~
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WASFLLNGTON POST
29 January 1975,
~
~I~2 .~e~~
~
~o~~v~ ~~id:
~. C~it~~?cTi
By Spencer' Rich .
' Washtngfaq Posh Staff W,rt'er
Sen. Frpnk Church (D-i
Idaho), chitseli 'yesterday asi
chairman of the' Senate Com?
mittee to investiate alleged
intelligence agency abuses,]
said he had received a phone
call-`from CIA Director t4-i1-;
Liam Colby pledging coopera-',
lion with the committee in? l
quirt'.
Church was elected unani?,
mously by the committee's six
Democrats at a closed argapi-
zational meeting yest.erday.i
The five Republican memhers
are?expected to choose ,Iphn
G. Tower of.Texas as commit-
tee vice chairman,.
Church said the Democratic
members discussed immediate
steps needed to obtain. a staff
director and general counsel,'
and agreed that strict secrecy
must be maintained over na?
tional security secrets.
He dodged a question on'
whether former. President
Nixon would be called before
the committee.-"It is much too.'
early to tell which witnesses'
will be called," he said.
-He again 'pledged that "we
NEW YORK TIME5
19 JANUARY 1975.
~4i11~111t~~e
tilled `40'
.;
'WASHINGTON-When it was disclosed last Sep=
tember that. the Central Intelligence Agency had
-spend $8-million to "destabilize" the Government of
Chile under Salvador Allende, President Ford con-
firmed at a press conference that the United States-
. does take "certain actions in the intelligence field." .
Mr. Ford added: "The 40 Committee . . .reviews
,.every covert operation undertaken.by our Govern-
ment."
It was an extraordinary public reference by a
Chief Executive fo one of the least-known, most
shadowy and potentially most powerful committees
of the Government. At least in theory, the 40 Com-
mittee?must approve an advance before the. C.LA.
can invade Cuba, overthrew a governmerit in Guate-
mala; or dispatch B-26 aircraft to bomb Indonesia..
But there has been no indication that the 40 Com-.
.:mittee has the responsibility to review any domestic'
convert operations by the C.I.A. itself, of the kind-
snow ,bejng investigated-since the intelligence agen=-
cy Chas claimed it does not engage in such activities
at .home. For example; when Senator Symington=
asked Mr. Colby in 1973 whether the 40 Committee-
in any way dean wiih iclteiiigetice "iargeted at :u.S.%
,citizens" the C.I.A. director replied, "No, the function
of the Agency is foreign intelligence: '
:.The operations of the 40 Committee are so secret
that in.his Senate testimony in 1973; Mr: Colby was
reluctant even to identify the chairman, who; as it.
turned .out, was swell-known public figure: _ ?
Senator Symington: "Very well. What is the name;.
Hof the latest committee of this character?"
` Mr. Colby: "Forty Committee." ?
?$enator Symington: "Who is the. chairman?"
Mr. Colby: "Well, again, I would prefer to go into
executive session on the description of the Forty
Committee, Nir. Chairman.': ~ .
' Senator Symington (incredulous): "As to .who is?.
the .chairman, you would prefer an executive ses-
sion?" ?
Mr. Colby: "The_cha.irman, all right, Mr. Chairman,
Dr. Kissinger is the chairman as tihe Assistant to they
President for National Security Affairs."
Defenders arid Critics ?
The other members of the 40 Committee, in addi-
tion to Henry Kissinger, are Air Force General
George S, Brown, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff; William P. Clements, Jr., the Deputy Secretary
of Defense; Joseph J. Sisco, Under Secretary of State
fdr Politica3 Affairs, ? and the Direcfoi' of `Central'
Intelligence,-. Mr: Colby. Although,, the individuals
Serving on the 40 Committee ?have..changed with
administrations, the committee has usually consisted
of the Government officials holding these five posi-
tions.
The committee has changed its, name several
times. President Ford said the 40 Committee was
established "in 1948"; as. far as is publicly known,
however, no committee to monitor covert operations
achieved formal status until the first Eisenhower
Administration, when the Special Group was created
for that purpose. The panel was also known as the _
54/12 Group, after. the number of the National Se-
curity Council directive establishing it. By the John-;
son Administration the Special Group w$s known as
the 303 Committee, and under Presidents Nixon and
Ford as the 40 Committee. Apparently both of the
latter designations. were also .taken .from the num-
bers of classified directives.
Defenders of the C.I.A, and of the necessity for
"black," or covert, operations point to the 40 Com-
mittee as a mechanism of tight control over such
activities. Because ' of the panel's .existence, they
maintain, -the C.I.A.. is restrained from undertaking
any covert operations without the approval of high
,offieials'accountabie to the President.-
But critics of file intelligence agency note that the
director of C.I.A. is a member pf the committee; they
cite the analogy of the fox watch4ng the chicken
coop., Then, .too; till of the members are busy offi-
cials with many other Government responsibilities;
thus, as members of the 40 Committee; they must
necessarily give less than full-time attention to the
.risks or benefits of a particular operation.
Insulating the President
Senator William Proxmire, a critic of the C.I.A.,
has said: "I. is presumed but never stated that ynajor
decisions of the 40 Committee are then checked with
the. Presideni. the reason for the lack of subsianiia-
tion of this latter point is clear. The President is
insulated from any, direct association (with} such
illegal activities so that in time of crisis,' such as a
`blown'-exposed-mission, he can deny knowledge
of the entire affair."
Because the ~0 Committee operates iri great se-
crecy, it is difficult to assess how well it performs
its jab. Nor is it known, how large a covert operation
must be presented to the 40 Committee for approval.
For example, it has been reported that in 19~D the
committee authorized, but perhaps later disapproved,
the payment of $350,000 to members of the Chilean
Congress, in an attempt to block thg election of
President Allende. Whether the committee would be
asked to approve the payment of, say, $500 to a
political official in Kuwait is doubtful.
' During the Nixon Administration, Attorney Gen-
' eral John N. Mitchell sat as a member of the 40
Committee, although his successors have not. Earlie!
this month, Ivir. Mitchell was convicted of conspiracy
to cover up a domestic covert operation; the tvatsa-
gate break-in, undertaken in part. by former C.I.!".
agents.
are not going to conduct a~~
vendetta" a~ainsti the CIA,
.FBI or any of the other intelli-)
Bence agencies whpse alleged.
abuses of power anti illegal i
spying nn civilians the new
committee w i [ 1 investigate,
"but neither will there he a i
whitewash."
? Church said that on VIon?
day, ,just after the Senate
koted 82 to 4 to create the new
C011tIt11ttE'f and Dlaiority
T.eadet? l[ilce Mansfield (D-
IAlnnt.l annnuured the names`
"of the Denulct?alic ntemberr,
he recei~?ecl 1 phone call from
Colby prnmisi.ng to give 1'utl
cooperation to the committee',
in its inquiry into the C1:1.
Such cooperation-as well
as preservation of all docu?
ntents relevant to the. inquiry
-?~was formfilly requested of
Colby, the .Iustice Depart,
meat, the FBI, the Pentagon,
the. Treasury and several
other gnvet'nment agencies. in
Totters sent out by Alansfield
as majority teacl,?r. Thcy bade
the as:encics to preserve all
memos, records and other dnc-
~uments that mifiht he heeded.
David Wise is the author of "The Politics of Lying:
Government Deception, Secrecy and Power." <
WASHINGTON POST
11JAN 1975
CI.~ Y'ie>.cs
The Washin+;ton Post of Jan. 8
cent,,^,ins a +?ol::mn by 1'ad Szttlc aarib?
olio; certaia views to the Central ln-
ll~llircnrc :\neitcy. T!tc views ex?
T~!'~ssed iu that artidc are not the
views of the Central Intelligence
Ar~nc3?.
~Y. L. Colby,
iTi;crlnr C?nlral tnlrlll~mics Accnc>.
~~~:Itilllnjtlrll.
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'Q'13~ ~C0130MIST'JANUARY il, 1913
~
~' "
a whitewash-
of the
'il'Ilere was a time, not: so long ago in
.~'~merican. history, when the appoint-
ap'te.?.fi1t vJ% ta`:+?. preside, t of a "uiuc-iivu^vn
?manission" ~to investigate and resolve
a hatter of public controversy. was
enoaagh to calm passions and inst~7
~arrladence in the federal governments
ae~?aFi~ . to solve basic national prob-.
ems. The main criteria .seemed to be
?nly that the commission's members .
must be eminent and respected in the
appropriate circles, that they hold hear-
_~gs at :which people could let. off steam
~~~- 8hag. their. report . be sufficiently
~,og~hy 'as to seem to cover all bases: The
a~vlce was used, admittedly with varying.
rs~grges 'of ? success, to study ~ unrest
among university students, the crime
wage, the use of marijuana and nar=
c,~tfics and; most notably,: the assas-
~~aa7aoan of President John Kennedy.
,~veru when the commission reports did
r~,~2 answer all of the bothersome
c; some appainn-; gressmen to write into the National Security Council de- espi:anage, and paramilitary
tftent. 4Ve would, dis?u~ the i Narional Security Act that the termines can be more efficiently operations.
afifiairs ofi the day o'r the' craft I agency "shall have no police, accomplished centrally. These included the so-called
of inte314.genc~e itr very' getr~raE subpoena, law-enforcement S < performs such other funs- destabil~iza?tion programme in
tc"tt~s. i'I2 afterwards wro~ee a powers, or internal-security bons and duties related to Chile. It is also said to have
book about it for th?e Erreyelo- functions" within the United intelligence affecting the been responsible for the sur-
p~tectia Britartnica'. ;States. Yet the agency was in- national security as the National vei?1lance of 10,000 American
FIe alw~y'g a5strrrte~i that P' volved ut Watergate; if only Security Council may from time ci.t~izens. The authority for these
knew :what the. agency was a1T peripherally, and it has since to time direct" activities is provided by para-
about and that its intentions been alleged that it kept 10,000 American officialese'is a good graph 5 above.
were good. I suppose it was my Americans under surverilance. deal more opaque than the The Directorate of Intelli-
Englishness. In spite afi Wild No wonder President Ford has :British variety, and the dis- ,gence assesses all information
Bill D~novarf who? sca says dur-
ing his. years there he even
filed his tax return as a U.~;
Army employe.
``It can be an almost
womb-totomb existence,"
he said. Some guys meet
their wives at the agency.
The best man and the maid-
of-honor are from the agen-
cy. All they, guests at the.
wedding are from the agen-
;You've got .to "practically.
raise the .children your-
:self," one wife observed..
"You just can't explain to
-them what daddy is doing.
They're kept in ignorance
and they're .terribly inquisi-
tive:" =
"The children get some
wild ideas. They think iYs
all sort of Mato Hari stuff,"
.she says. "It's really a very
-baring business. It's sur-
prising what a humdrum
monotonous life this can be
for a woman of average in-
come growing up with her
family in the suburbs."
MRS, Ci not her real ins-'
tial - describes her
friends, largely agency
wives, as "not particularly
glamorous, not rich, not.
PhDs. They generally are
rather plain, strong women,
mighty strong women who
do their damndest enter.-
2? January 1975
taming. They generally:.
-speak another language and :.
.they stay friends. They go ..
about their duties, have
their little teas ...and do
damn well at it too. They
are not boring."
? The security aspect of
CIA, while in some cases npty
much different from restric-
tions borne by employes of
other agencies such as the
Atomic Energy Comrnissioa
or the Defense Intelligence
Agency, can be pervasive.
One former secretary at
CIA claims that one of her
co-workers .who marred a
foreigner lost her job after
the bridegroom failed to
pass a security test. The
newly married secretary
was "relocated" in a
Tysons~ Corner industrial
research firm that does
-much contract work. for
CIA.. .. ...
?
cy. '
Rockefeller Panel and Its C.LA. Mission
ay CLIFTON DANIEL rrom >:ne c:u,,,,,?~~cc ,...a.....Q.., .... ... ......__._, _
then Senator J. W. Fulbright, and many.of its activities must on Congress for any broader
specie', to TAe New Yazk Times Democrat o1; Arkansas. necessarily be carried out in inquiry. One of the main ques-
??"WASHINGTON, Jan: 19- At? the .time, Mr. Colby was secrecy:' lions of the critics is whether
What is the Rockefeller com-directing Operation Phoeix, a At a news conference last it is necessary or proper for a
mission supposed to find autllll?oint Amertcan-South Viet- Se t. 16, soon after he became democracy to engage at all -in
1 P ,.,.,.,a.,.?.:,,..
about the Central Intelligence;namese effort to identify, fi^di?'?%Sidcnt, iVii. FvrCi Jutlght t0 "?"??;""""" "E"'"`ti"L; aKdinb
foreign countries, their govern-
Agency, and what is it not sup- and dispose of the leadership justify such activities. "Com-
. ., ments and their citizens.
posed to find out? `of the Vietcong rebellion. mumst nations,' he said, spend There seems to be no general
According to itsl As early as 196$, when~~~astly much more money than demand, incidentally, for the
charter from the~Operation Phoenix began, thecae do for the .same kind of
News White House, the United States mission in Saigon f purposes." agency to abandon its primary
j commission mustroutinely reported that killings ~e Rockefeller commission function -- collecting intelli-
I{ Analysis 'confine its invests-'were involved in the Phoenix Bence.
was manifestly not established How far the Rockefeller com-
gation to "C.LA.~pacification program. to inquire into those affairs. It
activities within the United In 1973, a House subcom- was created, as the President's mission will go in investigating
States." Judging by its member-+mittee report .estimated: that order said, only "to insure even the domestic activities of
ship, the commission would not~20,400 Vietcong .suspects had!scruputous compliance" . with the agency has been questioned.
be disposed in any case to pryibeen killed, some of~them nits-Ithe statutory Limitations placed When Mr. Colby, the C:LA. di-
I takenl because of fault Intel- ~ ~ rector, a eared last Monday
into other activities, especially ? Y ' Y. on the C.I.A. s activities inside pp ro riations
the. C.I.A: s clandestine opera- ltgence. the United States. before a Senate app p
Lions abroad. The report was prepared by Those limitations do not al- subcommittee, he simply re-
? In the past, those operations the House Foreign Operations {low the agency any police sub- sponded in his opening state-
and Government Information ~ oena, or law enforcement pow- ment to the allegations -pub-
laave included overthrowing-Subcommittee, and was pub-lers or internal security func- lished by The New Xork Times.
~or helping to overthrow-gav- licized by United Press Interna-;Lions. It can be reliably stated, how-
ernments in Guatemala and~tional, The re ort said that its'
Iran, organizing an invasion of P Aside from the Presidents ever, that the Rockefeller com-
Cuba, and subsidizing news- charges "should be either sub- admonition, the ? commission's mission is authorized to investi-
stantiated or repudiateli after .members do not look like mav- ate an and all evidence of
'papers, magazines, political'; g Y
an impartial and thorough in- Bricks, muckrakers or crusaders domestic spying by the C.1.A. ?.
parties, trade unions and others
vestigation.' a ainst the agency. The Executive order- estab-
organizations in various coon- g
No such investigation was Theee of the eight-=?-Vice Pres- lishin the commission did not
~~? made, however, and none is ident.Rockefeller, former Treas- say whether .its findings would
The agency has even been contemplated in 'the mandate of u Secreta C. Douglas Dillon ~
suspected of assassinations. the commission headed by Viceand Gen. L an L. Lemnitzer, be published, but it seems to be
Last night NBC television president Rockefeller. ~ taken for granted that some
The commission was created retired-have had past associa- ublic accountin will be made.
showed a 1973 fiction movie, P g
?'Scorpio;' in which six murders Jan. 4 to investigate aliega- Lions with the agency. There The commission was in-,
are committed b C.I.A. a ents are no proclaimed C.I.A. critics
Y g lions reported in The New Xork structed to find out ,whether
among the eight.
or hired gunmen. Times .that the C,I.A., in vio- ~ . the C.I.A, was complying with
l Testifying before the Senate lotion of law, had spied on the Respect for Authority the legal restrictions on its do-
~Foreign Relations Committee on anti-war movement and "other All but ,two of the commis- mestic operations, determine
ainst.
d
f
h
s ag
eguar
e sa
iFeb? 17, 197Q, William E. Colby, dissidents inside the United!sion members, Edgar F. Shan- whether t
{now the Director of Central In- States during the Johnson and'non Jr., former president of the violations were adequate, and
telligence, rejected a suggestion Nixon Administrations. University of Virginia, and~to make recommendations to
that operation Phoenix in Sou[h President Ford's order estab-{Lane Kirkland, secretary-treas-Ithe President and Director of
F
d
i
era-
e
Vietnam was ~ a ''program for lishing the Rockefeller commis- user of the American
the assassination of political Sion satd that the C.LA. "ful- lion of Labor and Congress of
leaders." The suggestion came fills intelligence :unctions vital{Industrial Organization, have
been public officials. They can
be presumed to have respect
for established authority, na-
tional security and secrecy in
military and intelligence mat-
ters. They were plainly picked
.for discretion and reliability,. as
`well as experience.
,? lfiemfore, critics of the C.LA.
gence. ~
Central Intell
In essence, the commissions
was told to find out whether;.
the C.I.A, was using secret po-
lice methods a~~ainst American.
citizens in their own country:
It was' definitely not given a
mandate to expose C.I.A. op-
erations against foreigners, a
14
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THE GUARDIAN MANCHESTER
11 January 1975
.Ja~iies Angletan, 'tlie Inari ~at the. ce>{~tre of the
WHEN James R. Schlesinger, a tweed>>,
pipe-smoking economist tuck :aver as
Director of the Central Intelligence
Agency in February 1973, Richard
Helms, the retiring director, ; intro-
duced to him a very thin, gaunt,.
six-footer with very dark skin. "This,"
said Helms proudly, "is the CIA's only
authentic genius."
Schlesinger noted the man's name,
James Angleton; and later added it
to the list ,of 600 CIA employees she
ordered fired from the agency..
Angleton, an intellectual .loner with
a natural aptitude for illachiavellian
intrigue,