AUTHORS DISCUSS CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 26, 1973
• Content Type: TRANS

25X1A
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CONFIDENTIAL
NEWS, VIEWS
and ISSUES
INTERNAL USE ONLY
This publication contains clippings from the
domestic and foreign press for YOUR
BACKGROUND INFORMATION. Further use
of selected items would rarely be advisable.
No. 52
14 JANUARY 1974
GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS 1
Destroy after backgrounder
has served its purpose or
within 60 days.
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RADIO-TV MONITORING SERVICE, INC.
3408 WISCONSIN AVENUE. N. W. -:- WASHINGTON. D: C. 20016 244-8682
PROGRAM:
EVENING EDITION
DATE:
DECEMBER 26, 1973
STATION OR NETWORK:
EASTERN EDUCATIONAL TV NETWORK
TIME
7:30 PM, EST
?
AUTHORS DISCUSS CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
MODERATOR: MARTIN AGRONSKY
GUESTS: Tad Szulc, author of .Compulsive Spy
David Weiss, author of The Politics of Lying
and The Invisible Government
MARTIN AGRONSKY: Good evening. For many Americans one
of the most disturbing revelations of the Watergate scandal was
the partisan political use of U. S. intelligence agencies that
was demonstrated. When testimony to the Senate Watergate Committee
uncovered the so-called Houston Plan to'. create a secret White House
intelligence operation, Senator Sam .Ervin.had the name for it.
He charged its White House authors with the same mentality as the
Gestapo in Nazi Germany.
And now recent newspaper accounts report allegations
that the CIA used E. Howard-Hunt during the 1964 presidential cam-
paign to gather information on Senator Goldwater, though so far
it's been impossible to confirm that.
Well, tonight on Evening Edition a discussion of the
Central Intelligence Agency--the CIA--with Tad Szulc, author of
Compulsive Spy, a report on the career of E. Howard Hunt, one of
the CIA's most ineffective agents, and David Weiss, author of two
books: The Politics of Lying and The Invisible Government, which
is a fascinating report on the Central Intelligence Agency itself.
Gentlemen, you've both devoted a lot of time to studying
the activities and operations of the Central Intelligence Agency,
and I wonder if we can begin by asking both of you whether or not
you think we need a CIA? Do you, David?
DAVID WEISS: Well, I think we need to have an agency
that gathers intelligence. ,We can call it anything we want.
Whether we need to have an agency that overthrows governments,
assassinates foreign leaders, engages in clandestine, covert opera-
tions, is another question. I think that ought to be either aboai-
shed or held to an absolute minimum, and so do a lot of other
people.
? . ,
-I
AGRONSKY: Tad?
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NcritniStierribout- it. In the kind of world
In which we live, obviously weneed an intelligence.service.- Teehf-
nologically, for all the reasons of a nuclear age, for the situam?.
tions about---very much as David said--I think it's an gency _
which should be much more controlled by the-Congress, b the execu.!-
tive branch, so that it should not acquire a life of it own, as
$
it has over the years.
' AGRONSKY: Don't you feel that. you have sort
in paradox in a democratic system to have a covert agen
as the CIA does, without any Congressional oversight?le
supervision, as it were?oversight can be.misunderstood
!supervision?
WEISS: Well, obviously the whole idea of dem
open, and people being informed of the decisions the go
taking. The whole concept of an intelligence service i
so that intelligence and democracy are antithetical. I
been ,a tremendous problem of where do you fit an intell
vice into a democracy?
AGRONSKY: I think of the classic case--you r
the first hundred days of the Kennedy administration--w
the Bay of Pigs, and President Kennedy came before the
people afterwards and confessed--said flatly--that he h
led--that he'd made a mistake in judgment in going ahea
Bay of Pigs. And that was clearly the result of a wron
by secret agencies of the government--the CIA in this i
I suppose the fttional Security Agency was involved--th
Intelligence Service was involved. How do we know what
doing?
SZULC: Well, you know, it's--I think the poi
you're making is a very valid one, and I think it's agg
compounded by the fact that the people do not seem to I
wit: you quoted President Kennedy, who said this to me
occasion after the Bay of Pigs. I remember late in '6
was researching for a book on the Bay of Pigs, I went t
Bissell, who at the time as deputy director of the CIA
man directly responsible for the Bay of Pigs, And afte
conversation, I said, Dick, what is the lesson--what is
f a built-
y operating,
thout any ,
-any
cracy is
ernment is
Isecret,
lhas always
ience ser
member in
en we had
merican
4 been mis-
with the
evaluation
tance--
Defense
hey're
that
vated or
rn, to
n one
when I
see Dick
and the
a very long
the, you
know--what have you learned, from this fiasco? And he said,
thoughtful and very serious, I tell you, we have learned?at least
I have learned--that you cannot try to run this kind of operation-4
as the Bay of. Pigs--in an open society. And therefore this is a
contradiction with which we either.go.on living, or we will find a?.
solution. "
Now, we are 12 years later--all these things we're dis-i
cussing here--you know, the Agency, Watergate-mI guess the lesson
has not been learned.
i01
1"AGRONSKY: It's not been learned.
SZULC: Of this contradiction to which David
and--'
AGRONSKY: Well, that's what I find fascinati
book, really, Tad--you know, Compulsive Spy, which you
this E. Howard Hunt.' Now, to begin with, I'd like to a
did you pick E. Howard Hunt? Strikes me as rather inef
CIA agent, if you want to evaluate him in that sense.
think he was important enough.to write about? What is
are you trying to say when you pick him?
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?
? ?1?
eferred,
gin your
rite about
k you why
ectual--
y did you
r -what
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SZULC: Oh, I guess the answer is?the short nswer,
Martin--is that as the story began to develop in '72, Hint became,
at least in my eyes, a symbol, if you will, of the whol mentality
of the Cold War--mentality of that which was in this Wa ergate--
that he represented through his careere his service wit the Agency,
the kind of mentality which finally climaxed in the Hou ton Plan,
which you mentioned, and all the operations which folio d. I. did'!
not write it because Howard Hunt is a fascinating subje t for
biography. He is not. To me he was a vehicle, if you 11--a
tool--with which I tried, at least to my own satisfacti p--to try
to understand what has led people in this government--p ple with
intelligence experience--to this kind of a domestic int ligence
morass which this was. So my interest in Hunt as Hunt sort of
ancillary-,-is what he would present and how he was made o fit into
this.
AGRONSKY: Well, Tad, what you don't do in th
what I'd like you to address yourself to now--is to tel
you regard Hunt as a kind of prototype of the sort of p
work still, if you like, for the CIA? The kind of poop
recruit for the intelligence, community.
,
SZU!,C: I suppose the answer IS Op to a point
tional answer.,. I would imagine that' there arepeopleo
book--and I
me whether'
pie that
that we -
genera--
the.Hunt
generation?people, you know, who went through OSS, World War II--
the Cold War period--I would say from what I have seen and heard
from Hunt's superiors and other people that Hunt was not atypical
of this kind of personality. Whether the people who are being
recruited today--you know, people in their 201s?whether they are
different, I'm not sure I can intelligently say. But he was the
product of Cold War intelligence operation. I think in that sense,
it's relevant. Does that answer you?
AGRONSKY: Well, it does in a way, but me put it
this way. The picture that so many of us have of the CIA until
a fellow like Hunt services--surfaces--or until a sort of a
mechanic type like McCord--surfaces--in the course of the Water-
gate hearings. You get a picture of people who are either expert
in languages, who have some very special skill that enables them
to make evaluations of scientific developments. You get people
who are well rounded, who are intelligent people. What emerges
with an E. Howard Hunt is not a particularly intelligent man, and
that makes you wonder-about the whole makeup of the CIA--their
approach to recruitment, the kind of people who run the Agency--
what are they like?
WEISS: Well, I think you have to realize, Martin, that
we're talking about two different sides of the Central Intelligence
Agency. There's the intelligence side--the people who study the
railroad timetables from Minsk to Pinsk, and the scientists you
talk about--the language experts. Then there's the covert side,
known now as the Directorate of Operations. It used.to be called
the Plans Directorate, and it's also known as the clandestine ser-
vice--
AGRONSKY: It might more crudely be called the Department
of Dirty Tricks--
WEISS: Or spies-:
AGRONSKY: The black side--
WEISS: The black side--or the spies--black in the sense
of covert, or secret. Now, Howard Hunt came from that side, and
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these are the people who overthrow governments, break into offices,
and so on. It's very different from the people you might meet who
say they work for CIA, and they're economists, for example. It's
completely different.
. SZULC: Well, in my experience over the years, when I
was a correspondent, taking this division which David has set out,
I have met some analysts, thinkers, and Agency who are strongly
brilliant people--who have, you know, double, triple Ph.D.s in
African studies,, China--you name it--arid they're very, very,im-
ipiessive intellectually. Then you get into this very peculiar, 'H.?
,odd, covert side, and there you find a man like Howard Hunt, who,.1*
as you pointed out, is not a specialist at anything. You know, '
;he couldn't fly a U-2 airplane, he.could not presumably code.or
decode things. .He was essentially. .a political manipulator, within
the context of covert operations.. He tried to manipulate, you
know, Cubans--Cuban exiles during the Bay of Pigs. He tried to
manipulate people during the Guatemalan thing,.afid in '72 he tried.
to manipulate people into contacts about the Watergate. So he was
essentially a covert, political manipulator--a man without any
special Mall who sort of tried to swim in that murky current of
the little things, you know.
AGRONSKY: Well, he turns up, and we see him
as he did in Watergate. And one wonders who else from
operates in domestic politics? Now we have the story,
it's still not authenticated--that Hunt himself is supp
have worked for President Johnson, or worked on. behalf
Johnson, in '64, to get information about Senator Goldw
'we can't prove that. Did he, indeed? Do you know?
-1
WEISS: Martin, the facts on that are very-un
SZULC: I never heard it.
perating
he CIA
or example,
sed to
'f President
ter. Now
lear--
?, ?
. WEISS: --but it seems very doubtful to me. nd the
second story that came out on that subject last week said that all
Hunt had done, apparently, was pick up 4 press release ftrom the
Goldwater headquarters, and deliVer it to.the White House. Which
sounds quite different from breaking into opposition headquarters,
or breaking into--
AGRONSKY: Well, let me ask you this. From
ledge of the CIA operations,-both of you have very cons
expertise in this area--do you think that before this
the CIA was involved in domestic political intelligenc
in this country?
WEISS: I think there's no question of it.
that the CIA established about 1964 a domestic operati
which was housed at 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, which is
from the White House. It's illegal and unconstitution
- #
SZULC: Under the statute, it is.
AGRONSKY: Then--what did they do?
WEISS: They Were involved in a variety of a tivities in
this country. Now, you recall in 1967, it came out th t the
National Student Association had been subsidized by th 1CIA, and
that hundi*eds of foundations were serving the CIA cover--that
they were channeling money into a wide variety of educational,
religious, labor, organizations in this country and abroad. I've
written in my book that they were training Tibetan guerillas in
Coloiado, ten thousand feet up in the Rocky Mountains, about 12
4
our know-
iderable
ministration
operations
have written
s division,
dne block
? both.
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years ago. This was an activity which could be argued was directed
at infiltrating men into Tibet, but it was going on in Colorado. I
don't think that the Congress had in mind that this sort of activity
would be happening, any more than Watergate, when they set up the
CIA.
.SZULC: I think the terribly difficult problem is, as j
David points out, is how do you define it? Under the statute of
1947--the statute which established the Agency--their territory--
their jurisdiction--is outside of the United States. Nevertheless, .
headquarters is hete in Washington--outside of Washington. There
are offices in New York, in Miami and San Francisco, and Charleston,
ISouth Carolina. What do they do? The office in Miami has over the
years been involved in Cuban type adventures. Is it domestic or is
.it foreign? Well, I guess it's both, because it works out of U. S.
territory, recruiting people simply to work for them.
David was referring to the foundations, where there was
a major New York publishing house which was to a large extent sub-
sidized by the Agency in the '60's.
WEISS: We're talking about Frederick Prager, which--
SZULC: We're talking about Frederick Prager, yes.
WEISS: --published 15 books on behalf of--at the request
of the CIA.
AGRONSKY: Well, now we're talking, too, about an admis-
sion by the present director of the CIA that they do, .indeed, sub-
sidize something like 30 American correspondents abroad--not full-
time correspondents--string correspondents, not staff correspondents,
but you know, guys who work as journalists abroad--American citizens--
who function as CIA agents. Which really, for any of us--we've all
worked abroad as foreign correspondents. That makes us suspect in
the eyes of our foreign colleagues wherever we go--
WEISS: Suspect without getting the additional income--
AGRONSKY: Yeah. And we're not involved in any way.
WEISS: That's right, but some have been, and that's--
they now claiM that's being phased out, but one of the problems is
you don't know whether it's being phased out.
AGRONSKY: That's it--the problem--how do you know?
Now that's the ultimate point. How do we know what the CIA's doing
now? We know, from the testimony that came out of the Watergate
Committee of the Houston Plan. We know that the Houston :Planwas
designed to establish a kind of a central, secret--'
WEISS: Super-intelligence agency.
AGRONSKY: --super-intelligence agency which was under no
one's supervision) at all, aside from that of the President of the -
United States, apparently, and we know that nobody objected to it
in the end but J. Edgar Hoover. We know even by the admission of
the President, I believe, that it was put into operation in some-
thing like five days.
WEISS: Well, now, it was put into operation. He claims.
it was rescinded after five days, but there's no evidenc that
was ever rescinded..
? '
? AGRONSKY: We don't know that.
'
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1.11 P
h l'' WEISS: There's no documentation of ,that. It
beeri.: 'But I think what's interesting here--
'
AGRONSKY: Isn't it extraordinary that we sit
talk about this thing, and all of us admit we don't know
- I
ay have
ere and we
?
SZULC: Well, Martin, there are committeesin ile.Congrejse
which are charged with oversights over the Agency. Ther are several
committees in the Senate and the House. I think the rec d will
show no sentences. The questions asked are enormously lite and
superficial. I'm not sure-- 0.
o?
AGRONSKY: Nobody questions how they do their-
.
SZULC:. Nobody questions.
?
WEISS: Senator Symington, who has a love-hate
ship with the Central Intelligence Agency, said that the
that Senator Stennis headed in the Senate, supposed to w
CIA is doing, hadn't met for a whole year. So that thei
could not have been very extensive.
SZULC: You know, as you all remember, year
this pattern is found, we must establish some joint comm
the one looking after the Atomic Energy Commission--it's
done. Senator Mansfield, as I recall, tried. Fulbright
over the years. And even with the Bay if Figs and the e
160's and the Indo-China situation and the Watergate, St
Agency is not subject to the kind of control which I thi
in an open society, that every other branch of governmk
know. Even your spending--
?
?
elation-
ommit tee
ch what
supervision
after year,
ttee like
never been
'tried it
bnts of the
l the
is vital
is, you
WEISS: Except the White House, as we've now discovered.
SZULC: As we now discover, the White House.
AGRONSKY: Beyond that, we know another thing. The
Director of the CIA serves, in effect, at the pleasure of the
President. Now, it requires a man of considerable resolution and
courage to resist presidential pressure if the President wishes to
use the CIA wrongfully. What protection have we got about that?,
. WEISS: Well, .one of the interesting things is that during
the Watergate investigation last summer, it was brought out that
Haldeman and Ehrlichman, at the direction of the President, asked
Dick Helms, who was then head of CIA, to tell the then head of the
FBI, Pat Gray--it's hard to keep this cast of characters straight--
to lay off, in effect, on the investigation of Watergate, because
it might perhaps jeopardize CIA activities in Mexico. Now, for a
while it seemed as though there was a good public relations job
done for the Agency that they had refused to do .this, but--in fact,
General Walters, who is the deputy director of CIA, went over the
same' day he was tpld to do so by.the White House, and he told Pat
Gray, now you'd better lay off, because you haven't jeopardized any
of our operations yet, but maybe you will if you keep going. And
it wasn't for some days thereafter that things got a little too hot.
General Walters decided maybe he'd better tell Pat Gray that there
really was no national security--they could go ahead and investigate.
And the memo has more recently surfaced from Director Helms along
the same lines, so that in fact, the CIA apparently did ask the
FBI to hold back on the investigation. . ,
AGRONSKY: Well, we know this about Hunt,:too, for*
example, that the CIA provided him with his,disguisesi.with.
false.papers, with a camera--
1?! p
;
titn 14..,c?
1 WEISS: Don't forget the .red wi
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AGRONSKY: --The red wig-- - 4
.SZULC: Helms claims it was a brunette wig, by the way;
- ? 1 '
AGRONSKY: But you see-- .,.
I. s.
? ; ,
SZULC: Sure, and now we know that in addition to this,
the agency in Miami--the Miami office, provided false papers for
the Cuban-Americans. It was much more of an,involveme t than the
testimony before the Senate shows. ,
r il ',1"-T1117." %03 0s4 i 1 :?Jil It I ..
Id .
'1o( AGRONSKY: Well, Martinez--
i,
trior* ? 1
'11111,: , SZULC: Was on a retainer.
, . 4'
IR /F11-' .
AGRONSKY: --He was on a retainer from the C
SZULC: That's right.
.P.ST;74PA::
.AGRONSKY: --One of :the Cubans who was caughu in the
initial Watergate break-in. Now, I donit.know--how pl usible is
it that the CIA didn't know what he was up to, or didn t know .
what Hunt was up to?
.54114C; Well, I find it very hard to believe this is
a Matter of common sense, Martin--that an agency which has a
professional, I suppose, jealousy of its own prerogati es, would
not ask itself--that Dick Helms or General Cushman or hoever was
there, wouldn't ask himself why are we being asked by hrlichman
and the White House to provide this logistic support, id simply
forget about it for a year .or sot knowing that Hunt wa a.retired
middle-level official of the agency, that people invol d with
Hunt were former Cuban employees of the agency-- :
? WEISS: The same wonderful folks who brought u the:;.
Bay of Pigs'.
P T/
PZYL.t:1; Exactly, precisely the same winderfu folks
who did that, and the--I can't believe that the people pitting
on theseyenth floor at Langley simply would show no i erest--.
.why.is the White House turning to:vs fOr resources? I doesn't'
make: sense.?, ?
WEISS: But there's an important point here tiartin.
AGRONSKY: What is it?
WEISS: Well, the thing is this--you have to break down
the question. The same people who broke into the psychiatrist's'
office in Los Angeles, of Daniel Ellsberg, in 1971--the so-called
plumbers--the identical people, with one exception, broke into
the office of the Democratic National Committee, so you have the
same set of plumbers. Now, the CIA help was given to the plumbers
in connection with the first break-in in 1971, of Ellsberg's
doctor's office. It's very interesting that the same group of men
who were involved in so-called national security investigations
with CIA help, under White House .orders, were the identical ones
who supposedly, without any CIA involvement, or White House orders
broke into the Watergate. They're the same people.
SZULC: With the same documents provided to them by
the time of the Los Angeles break-in of December, '71.
AGRONSKY: Are we then forced as, then, you know,
American citizens, to say that there does exist in this country a
secret agency which is not susceptible to supervision by the
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Congress of the United States, which in no way has to worry about <
having its funding overseen by the Congress of the United States,
which is not accountable to anybody really, but apparently the
President of the United States--
? SZULC: If he so. chooses.
AGRONSKY: If he so chooses..
WEISS: Well, some of that is correct, as to the--
you know, there's some supervision of the budget, but what I
think is perhaps more important than to try to--
AGRONSKY: There's no supervision of covert activities,
none.
WEISS: No, but Of the.overall budget, tl,cre is, and
the supervision of covert activities gets into a whole complicated
thing of an interagency committee that's supposed to be watching
it, called the Forty Committee, which is itself highly secret,
which used to be called by other names. Now, what I think is
really important here is that if you set up a secret agency,
which was done in 1947 by the Congress of the United States, and
you create this tremendous power with a budget that is largely
secret, ?within a certain framework, and you set up an intelligence
structure that spends billions of dollars a year, sooner or later,
these techniques are going to be applied to our domestic politics,
I think is what a big part of what Watergate represents. It's
going to be a spillover--
AGRONSKY: Well, this is a'demonstration that they
?
have indeed been applied. .
WEISS: Yes, not necessarily under the direction of
the head of the CIA, but the same kinds of people?these were
ex-CIA people, with one exception--Martinez--
AGRONSKY: What's the difference?
WEISS: --the same mentality--
AGRONSKY: These people come from the CIA, and those
who run the CIA chose to turn a blind eye on their activities.
SZULC: And they're responsive to such requests as the
White House has made in the past and might make again. I would
find it difficult to see a single CIA official saying no to the
White House on a given request, a given proposal, so maybe the
danger does exist, and Watergate has proved that.
AGRONSKY: What is the answer, then? Suppose that you
had the Job, David, of suggesting to a couple of responsible
Congressmen who really had the authority to do something about it,
what they could do to remove this threat of the external, unaccount-
able activities of the CIA in domestic politics.
WEISS: Well, it goes so deep that I. can't answer it in
the two minutes remaining, but very briefly, one thing certainly
that could be done, since you said, what would I tell Congress,
I would tell Congress to establish an open, visible, instead of
invisible committee, or joint committee, such as they have in the
field of atomic energy, which deals with very highly secret
matters, to supervise the intelligence community, instead of
these Vague, shadowy committees that seem to operate out of
Senator Stennis' vest pocket, and it was the late Senator Russell,
I think, who sai,d, I don't hear about these things--these secret
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activities--he was supposed to be in charge of hearing about them.
So, that would be the first step.
AGRONSKY: You-come back to what you always have to
come back.to, in a democracy. You must provide for accountability
or none of it will work responsibly.
SZULC: That's right. That's exactly what Watergate
established for us.
AGRONSKY: Well, thank you very much, gentlemen'.
WASHINGTON POST
20 December 1973
Mitt Tells S enate Panel He Spied
On Goldwater in '64 on LBJ Order
By Lawrence Meyer
and John Hanratum
Washington Post Staff Writers
Watergate conspirator E.
Howard Hunt Jr. has told
the staff of the Senate se-
lect Water gate committee
that he conducted surveil-
lance of Sen. Barre Goldwa-
ter (R-Ariz.) during the 1964
Presidential campaign at
the order of President Lyn-
don B. Johnson, according
to informed sources.
The exact nature and du
ration of Hunt's activities
were not revealed, but Gold-
water, an amateur dabbler
in electronics, said yester-
day that he had no indica-
tion that the surveillance in-
volved electronic eavesdrop-
ping.
Another source said that
Hunt was not certain of the ,
dates of the surveillanee, al- '
though he told the roinmit-
tee staff it heganewell be-
fore Goldwater's* presiden-
tial nominaticrn at the 1984
Republican Convention and
lasted until after hie over-
whebning election defeat
that November.
Hunt said he undertook
the surveillance with a team
of operatives, under direc-
tions from Mr. Johnson
through an intermediary, ac-
cording to the source, who
..eclined to say who Hunt
named as the intermediary.
Goldwater, who aeelined
to give the source of his in-
formation, said he had been
told in the past two .er three
days that Hunt -and 4 team
that "could hive been as
many as 30 people not just
working on me but working
on other people, too" oper-
ated nut of offices in
"downtown" Washington.
Although Goldwater said he
could not be certain of the
group's name, he thought it
was "domestic investigat
tions." Goldwater said be
did not know the names of
the other people under sur-
veillance.
Goldwater said be had the
impression that Hunt and
the others involved in the
operation were "on leave"
from the CIA (where Aunt
was supposed to be working
at the time). "If .1 had to
guess, I would guess that
they didn't want it traced
back to the CIA," Goldwater
said.
"I knew 10 years ago what
was going on," Goldwater
said, asserting that friends
in the CIA and the FBI had
told him then that he was
under surveillance by both
agencies. Goldwater said he
had "no idea" what the in-
vestigation involved since
he had no indication that it
delved into his private life,
? financial affairs, "home life
or anything like that." Gold-
water said he learned only
two or three days ago of
Hunt's professed involve-
ment. "I don't even know
the man," Goldwater said.
Attempts were made last
night to reach several aides
to President Johnson in
' 1964, hut only two could be
:reached.
Lawrence F. O'Brien, a
White House side in 1964
and later chairman of the
Democratic National Com-
mittee, said he had never
heard of Hunt at the time
and, "Honestly, I never
heard of such a thing,"
he added, referring to Hunt's
reported testimony.
thHorace Bushy, a special
, assistant-te the President at
? the time, said that Hunt's
,
testimony "strikes. me as
;preposterous on- its face ?
'While I thoroughly disbe-
lieve it, I don't want to dis-
pute the man or-i the basis of
information I don't have,"
Busby said. Busby said he
'knew _oS. no cones Cann be-
tweeri Hunt and President
'Johnson Or the White House
'in 1964. 'I find it Incredible
? .that Mr. Johnson would
have any need of Surveil-
lance- of Sen. Goldwater,"
Busby said.
At the time, Goldwater
said, "I just assumed it was
one man or two men as-
signed at the direction of
the President . . .Jt never
bothered me. I never got up-
set about it. Oh, I guess it
should have, .but knowing
Johnson as I did, I never got
upset about it.
"I would naturally be con-
cerned to learn what they
did find out," Goldwater
added, "not that I did any-
thing wrong." Goldwater
said he would like to know,
if Hunt kept a dossier on
him, "But the ? fellow
-wouldn't tell me."
Goldwater said he did not
press his source of the in-
formation or details. "I
didn't want te get too in-
volved in it," Goldwater
said. "I figured sooner or
later it would' come out."
Goldwater had said last
April, "I was bugged by the
other side and paid no atten-
tion to it." Yesterday, how-
ever, Goldwater said, "I
never found my place bug-
ged and I know something
about that because I'm an
electronics expert."
At the same time, Gold-
water said of President John-
son, "I knew that he had es-
ipionage. He had to have.
For a long time I thought it
INES within my staff." Gold-
water said thet the Demo-
heats "seemed to have my
speeches before I had them"
during the 1964 cr.r.apaign.
A spokesman for CIA Di-
rector William E. Colby also
said 7.esterday that Colby had
"no comment" on Bunt's re-
ported testimony. A spokes-
man for the FBI said
"categorically denied" Gold.
water's assertion that the FBI
was involved in any surveil-
lance of him in 1964.
Bust's appearance 'before
the Senate Watergate com-
nlittee's staff was part of an
ongoing investigation by the
Republican staff members
of the possible role of the
CIA in the Watergate affair.
The committee's vice chair-
man, Sen- Howard H. Baker
Jr. (R-Tenn.), has been di-
recting this inquiry foe sev-
eral months.
A source close to Hunt
said yesterday that Hunt
met Monday with Baker and
on Tuesday with other mem-
bers of the minority -staff,
and will probably meet with
them again next week. In all
of the committee discussions
with Hunt to date?some in-
formal, some with Hunt un-
der oath?the main topic
has been CIA domestic oper-
ations, the source said.
Baker appears to have col-
lected a large number of
allegations relating to CIA
involvement ? in domestic
matters, the source said, and
Hunt is providing informa-
tion about some of these ac-
tivities.
Hunt, currently serving a
sentence of 21/2 to eight
years in prison for Ms role
in the break-in and bugging
of the 'Democratic National
Committee's Watergate
headquarters at the Allen-
wood (Pa.) Prison Camp, has
been accompanied to his
meetings with Baker and
the Senate committee's mi-
nority staff by one of his at-
torneys, William A. Snyder.
of Baltimore. Snyder de-
clined yesterday- to corn-
meat on the meetings.
Another of Hunt's attor-
neys, C. Dicker-man Wil-
liams, who said 'he has mei;
been present for the meet-
ings with Hunt, confirmed
that Baker and minority
counsel Fred Thempson
were quizzing Runt about
"CIA domestic activities,"
but said he could provide no.
other details. ?
Baker's inquiry into CIA
9
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ApproveW44grigg9P se,a
21 December .LY
Pralleftle
,,thealan presialeullat
asalgVatiPears be.ecttsidel
'the scope of tfieSen sego,-
estahlishhig 8645
../ite *ideate Watergate
mitt. That regolutien
ithorized the 'Committee to!
r'tcmduct an nvestigation:J.'
and study of the exteuta
any, . to which illegal, im;
proper, 'or unethical activi-
ties were engaged, in by any
persons, acting individuallY
',.or in combination with nth::
rers?in the presidential elec-,
tion of 1972, or any'cam-
'paign, canvass, be other ac- I
tivity related to it."
t Although an attempt was.,
made on the Senate floor gni
-
Feb. 7 to enlarge the com-
mittee's scope to include the,
1964 and 1968 presidential
elections, the ? proposed
amendment was defeated-
.
I One source close to the
Senate committee said yes-
terday that despite the reso-
lution's limitation of the in-,
vestigation to the 1972 cam-
paign, the argument could
be made that the 1964 cam-
riaign activities are relevant
to show a precedent for the
1972 bugging. In any rage,
this source said, it would be
;politically awkward for corn-
' rnittee 'chairman Sen. Sam J.
Ervin (l)-N.C.) to bar an at-
, - ?
tempt by. Baker to put on
Hunt's testimony if Baker
decides to do so.
Conservative columnist
and editor William F. Buck-
ley Jr. has in recent weeks
assumed a major role in the
handling of Hunt's defense.
' Buckley has obtained the
free services of Williams, a
lawyer highly regarded la
conservative circles. Assist-'
jog Williams is Snyder, who
will receive a fee, Williams
said.- ? ?
Williams and Snyder, who
, are handling Hunt's appeal,
succeed- Sidney S. Sacks, a,
Washington lawyer who has
served as Hunt's attorney
only since last summer.
Sachs replaced William, O.
Bittman who came under in-
vestigation for his handling
of payments that some
Watergate witnesses said
were .designed to buy the id-
. lence of the original severi,
Watergate defendants.'
Both Seas and Williams
recently -told The Pat thitt
Buckley is in charge d the
defense. Williams, 73,,apait.'
I
IteZ in the New"York' law
fim of Baker, Nelstin
? Williams, has long been-the
attorney for Buckley and gls
magazine, National llevleitt.
He Said -be has agreed to
serve, without fee as e favor
to h14 old friend, BuckleY,
and'because he feels Hunt
'"has been done a very great
injustice."
_ _
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Iterge eimgora.
?
Howard Hunt's alleged,
"surveillance" of Sen. Darryl
Goldwater MA/la.) d
the 1964 presidential rolun??4
etaign eonsisted of having a,
Plek nii press xe-1
leases, speeches. travel
schedules and other inaferi-,
,als at Republi headquar-
:a to reliablel
aceot of- oars secret*
t
COY to -the Senate se-
lect Watergate committee.
Although Ihmt's activities
' tarried out while be as a
CIA agent, were -originally,
described to The Washing-
ton Post as being a
"surveillance" operation of
Goldwater on orders from
then President Lyndon B.
Johnson, the source of that
information declined ini-
tially to provide any details.
Yesterday,' the same
source, who cannot 'be identi-
fied under -a Promise of
_ _
confidentiality, acknowl-
edged when questioned
,
again- that Hunt had de-
scribed a pick-up operation
from Goldwater headquar-
ters to the Watergate com-
mittee staff and had pro-
vided few details. ?
The source also denied
saying that President John-
son had initiated the order
for the operation.
According to reliable ac-
counts, Hunt testified to the
committee staff that: the
speeches and press releases
were delivered to Chester L.
? Cooper, a 'White House aide
to President Johnson who
worked on foreign policy
matters. ?
Cooper last night denied
any knowledge, of a CIA
"surveillance" of Sem Gold-
-water during the time he
was the Republican nominee
for President
ruj keew filet we -were get-
1,-ting Goldwater's speeches.
the stuff that was going to the
press," Cooper said. "How the
hell it got there, I don't
know." Cooper said he "never
had the pleasure" of meeting
Hunt''
Hunt was questioned pri-
marily by the Republican
minority staff. Sen. Howard
H. Baker Jr. (R-Tenn.), the
vice-chairman, has expressed
a continuing interest in the
possible tole of the -CIA in
the Watergate- affair. ,
. Baker said last night, "I
have no present plans to
pursue this line of inquiry:"
According to source close
to Hunt, the main topic of
discussion between the min-
ority staff and Hunt has
been CIA domestic opera-
tions. _
acknowledged that
such Inquiries, unless re-,
'sited to the Watergate at-
'fair, are beyond the scopei
of - the select committee's
'mandate from the Senate.
"There's no jurisdiction un-
less you stretch' the point,"%
Baker said., -
Elizabeth .311clittogi, a for.
mei' CIA employe who work;
ed with Hunt la 4 dovintewn
Washington office in leg&
said yesterday "that she under-,.
stood that Goldwater speech-'
as were not delivered to -tau.,
White House but instead -were
delivered to CIA headquarters
in Langley, Va..
"It was just to keep in
touch with what was going
on," Mrs. McIntosh said. "If
it had anything to do with the
White House, I'm sure he
(Hunt) would have told Us.
He Would have bragged about
She said that Hunt was
part of a CIA cover office at
17th Street and Pennsylva-
nia Avenue that consisted of
?
10 or 12 . employees who.
maintained contact with
publishers who 'Were assist-
ing the CIA. Hunt told the
committee staff that he
worked for ? a CIA branch
called the Domestic Opera-
tions Division which 'was set
up in the early 1960s,
Hunt told the committee
staff' that the actual pick-up
was done by a secretary
'named Connie Hicks. Miss
flicks, who is now married
and is Mrs. Mazerov, of State
College, 'Pa., said last night
In a telephone interview
that she did perform courier
t work when she worked for
the CIA, but that she could
not recall picking up any
materials from Goldwater
headquarters. She she had
never taken anything she
picked up to the' White
House or the Executive Of-
fice Building.
might have picked it up
r from someone else, like in-a
room," she said. When
asked if she recalled a daily
pick-up from any person in
the same place 'during the
period of the campaign, she
said she did not ri
? Referring to Hunt's re-
ported testimony on her
role; lifiss Hicks said,
? sure he wouldn't have said
had done . something if.!
hadn't... I consider him to
be a malt of great integrity.*
Hunt reportedly told the
committee staff that imme-
diately after Goldwater was
nominated in 1964, he was
told to pick up all publicly
released information at
Goldwater headquarters
?and, take it?to 1ie White
House to Cooper. Hunt re-
portedly said that he ob-
jected, as , a Goldwater Re-,
publican, but was told to do
ti anYWIY-
Goldwater said on Wed-
mods), that he kne' otv
testimony, although 4.
not in detail.-Coldwater said'
that he had no indicationi
timt the "surveillance" Eris-
cussed by Hunt involved
'bugging, or" any investiga-
tion into his private, finan-
tial or domestic affairs.
Another committee source
said that Hunt had not bufi-
r,cated that wiretapping or
eavesdropping was used, or
that the "surveillance" in-
'Volved anything more than"
the pick-up operation from
Goldwater headquarters. At
least two sources said that
Hunt "volunteered" the in-
formation about the Infor-
mation without being prod-
, ded to discuss it.
According to a committee
source, Mint provided little
detail about the operation
except that it involved
"press releases, travel sched-
ules, that sort of thing." This
source said Hunt testified he
was also suppose to get
"other information" but that
Hunt gave no details as to
what it was or how it WES to
be obtained.
Rep. Lucien N. Nedzi (1)-
Mich.), chairman of the
House Armed So.-. ' ?? ?
ligence subcommati.. 2.
yesterday that he bac* s.L.I.:-
ed the CIA for any informa-
tion on Hunt's activities as
described in his secret testi-
mony before the Watergate
committee.
Nedzi, who said he was
"dubious" of the testimony
as reported in Wednesday
editions of The Washington
Post, said that the CIA
was searching its files for
information. From early in-
dications, Nedzi said, 'There
is no one in a position of
authority who can substan-
tiate the story.",
WASHINGTON POST
9 JAN 1974 _
U.S. Envoy Called
Agent for CIA.
BUENOS ' AIRES, Jan. 8
(AP) ? the new U.S. ambassa-
dor to Argentina, who has yet
to arrive at his post, was ac-
cused today of being a mem-
ber of the Central Intelligence'
Ageficy.
Robert C. Hill- was named,
ambassador by President
Nixon last December. to re-
place John Davis Lodge, who'
resigned. El Descamisado, a
Weekly news magazine linked
ho the leftist faction of the,
titling Peronist. ?movement,
made 'the charge. ? ? -
1.0
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1A1ASHINGTOr STAR
21 December 1773
? By Martha Angie
Star-Pie= Staff Wter
Former CIA Director
John A. McCone has ex-
pressed surprise and skepti-
cism at reports that E.
Howard Hunt Jr. directed a
spying operation on Sen.
Barry Goldwater in 1964 on
orders from his CIA superi-
ors. ?
Doubts about the report
were also voiced by Rep.
Lucien N. Nedzi D-Mich.,
chairman of a CIA over-
sight committee in Congress
which last summer conduct-,
ed exhaustive hearings into
the agency's possible rela-
tionship with political
spying in the Watergate
case.
Agency officials conduct-
ed a quick check of their
files yesterday, Nedzi said,
and came up with "nothing
to substantiate this kind of
?statement." Nedzi said the
CIA has promised a com-
plete search of its files on
Hunt and a further report to
him as soon as possible.
McCone, who headed the
Central Intelligence Agency
from W.onenneeen s. It;
April 19,53, -a tele-
phone interrier yao-i-rday
that he had "wrier heard d
any such thing either direct-
ly or indirectly."
ACCORD/NG to informed
sources, Malt, ea? is now
serving a min term for
his role in the Watergate
break-in dhas
told Rept-2),km tuv'eltiga-
tors for the special Senate
Watergate committee that
he sent two operatives to
Goldwater's Washington
headquarters during the
1954 presidential campaign
to "see what was going on."
He did so on orders from
his CIA superiors, one of
whom ? according to at
least one published report
? was stationed at the
White House, Hunt alleged-
ly told committee investiga-
tors.
Senate sources said Hunt
told them his operatives
brought back advance cam-
paign schedules, news re-
leases and "any other infor-
mation they could Oteein
NEW YORK TIMES
21 December 1973
t ellinoestigat rs
He Spied ea Coldwat? in .1964
By DAVID E.
'Special to 712e
WASHINGTON, Dec. 20?E.
Howard Hunt Jr., now in jail
for coordinating the Watergate
burglary, has told .Senate Re-
publican investigators that he
gathered material on Senator
Barry Goldwater's 1964 Presi-
dential campaign and passed it
on to an official of the Johnson
Administration, according to
sources in the Senate Watergate
ctimmittee.
During the campaign between
Mr. Goldwater and President
Johnson, Mr. Hunt was an em-
ploye of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
Mr. Hunt told Senator }Iowa
H. Baker Jr. and members of
his staff this week, according
to the committee sources, that
he acted as an intermediary for
persons who picked up cam-
paign literature, speech..., press
releases and travel schedules
from Mr. Goldwater's office..
Mr. Hunt reportedly said that
he had operated under orders
from a superior And had turned
the material over to the su-
perior. The sources would not
disclose the name of the su-
perior and would not say
whether he was in the intel-
ligence agency.
Senatar Baker, the ranking
Republican on the Watergate
ROSENBAUint
New York Tizsz
committee, has been investiga-
ting the possibility that the
agency was more deeply in-
volved than heretofore known
in the break-in last year at the
Democratic headquarters in the
Waterage complex.
The interview with Mr. Hunt
reportedly was conducted in
Sena= Baker's office. Mr.
.Hunt.- was not under oath at
the time.
Senator Baker was said 'not;
to be planning to bring the mat-1
ter up in public hearings next!
year because the committee's
jurisdiction involv, only the
1972 Presidential race.
Democratic members of the
committee staff, who were told
of Mr. Hunt'e allegations after
his session with Senator Baker,
said today that they weee
skeptical about the story.
They noted that M. Hunt
wee' exheamtively questionetl
before his public tes.titriony last
September aind that he never
ment.crvi. gathering informs-
tion about Mr. Goldwater.
oreover, there were indica-
? tions that Mr. Hunt never told
the story to either of his first
two dawyers in, the Watergate
case, William D. Bittman aad
Sidney H. Sache, and that he
almost cotainly had net men-
tioned the matter to the spe-
Goldwater eat t:cdi
he was Infer:Lel/ -
fiedpeTsoris
before or juerE
of the campaig] 1.2&L'i ova.
like TM and the MA tts.CA
Druien survemse,c'
?
, McCone, noW 4--s.74.;!.F..0
executve in I-MS A PIZ: Z.11
the Internat'onal Teepnone
and Telegraph Corp.,
oecl that the CIA had "Lbsr-
ilutely noinvolveyrett whag,
oever" index:nese: 71311..,
during tenui'e
or. ?
.He expressed LITozre
doubt that Presidop Jo"174-
son cr anyone 'on is White
House :staff could have .37:-
tiered the alleved CI&
spying en Coldwater.
_
NEM saki tHat yesteY- !
day's quick smrr-b, of Hies
did produce 'eviAt-mce tiTc:
Hunt as on medicel LaEl75 -
from the agency dir...7E'..Irg
!latter part of 1954 --
before and after the elettim -
campaign.
Hunt was, 'lieS2,1'14 W.; a.:21
? ae. .-ead. that
?
::3,--irrt, Ae Hutt
contal-a,". -!':,e7'Aals, such,
trelyit medical _faUy
a,
tzistiarAte that
A-;.EN.F.; thseu7ri
VA fittite
zr.troiletiCT 2.7j pages mf
testills:,,,71?z,-..,77,a :Flint during
Itf."213-7:2011' /laii.Siti CU inter-
IroaTatica itast Otreue,? at a:
7t71;i3fiL Mint was Still
'27...?fea5.:.,. a 3,5ryear ?
santeno, sad, Nedzi.
2-,--.93's.tp/Learell to desire
ith"
Thz..; tesn-ylony, veniclittas
net "Oeera 17.eleased and is
'makes no
politiOal
esgicc2eg attit;.i?L'yn 1$64,
theugh
:aunt vols-12nieaced page-after
pap. Si ir-riirltiVp' reit' bus-
carica 74st umer.
ilovever,
astatii seaclacally about
any dcmi riti the
1.9543 i-Sedzi said.
Icial Watgats prosarttr.
1 .Mr. EWA was acesuanied
to the Baker iaterview by a
new attorney, Wi17lara A.
, Snyder of Baltimore, 'who'
' would not answer questions to-
day about what had beea saidl
at the intervieva
Mr. Hunt now has still an-1
other attorney, C. Dic'kerman
Williams. William F. Buckley
Jr., the columnist, who is a
friend of Mr. Hunt, arranged
for Mr. Williams to represent
him.
A spokesman for the C.I.A.,
which is prohibited by law from
involving itself in dmesestic in-
telligence, said that the agency
would have "no comment" 3'il
Mr. Hunt's reported allegations.
Throughout the Watergate in-
vestigation, the agency has re-
fused public respensen to all
inquiries. .
Termed 'Cut of CilLIECtST?
Democratic officials who
were connected with Mr. John-
son's 1964 campaign said that
they had net heard e'l Mr. 7-1tutt
then and knew nothies about
his purported intelligtec,e-e,ath-
trine operatioa,
lad Seale, a lcurtialiet witc
recently eoinpleted . a bock
about Mr. Hunt, "Compulsive.
Spy," said tcriay that he knew
nothing about Mr. Hunt's work-
ing against Me Goldwn.177. "but
he seid that heti Itle Hunt dela,
SD it wealti 'lin7.72 7t:CISII
11
ipicteiy out cl cha.racte.T.?
- MLA; ii had an
obsessive right-wing thing" and
probably would not have done
vcr that might have harmed
Mr. -Goldwater, who was. -con-
sidered mete conservative than
Mr. aohnson.
Mt Szulc said that in 1964
:Hunt was a full-time em-
ploye of the. intelligence
agency and was officially based
lin Madrid but that he spent a
good deal of time in Washing-
eon.
Mr. Aunt's reported allege-
eion is the second that has been
receivea ay Senate investiga-
toes about efforts of Mr. John-
son's aides to obtaie informa-
doe :hotel M. Goldwater.
Earlier, eccording to a com-
mittee coacce, the panel ob-
tainen 2videlica that in the 1964
campaign the Federal Bureau
of Investigation complied with,
r. White House reqnest for itsi
file tee Senator Goldwater.
Mr. Goldwater refused to be
interviewed today. Be pre-
ttiousny said that he believed!
ithe Joheson campaign spied mil
.11.1site ta .1954 and might have
teleuhono.
who is now serving;
di SO months to eight
a the Federal pen.
itenthey at Allenwood, Pa., re-
.,iperiedly 'told the Senate haves-
tig-,aturs that no electronic sur-
,1 reillaece 7: burglary was in-
Ivolvati ',21 Di34 typeration.
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29 December 2.973
.Court Frees Hunt, Barker for-Ap. peals
? - ' four are being held in the .' . much hope for Barker." the. argued that the Watergate
defendants' appeal was '
"frivolous." "At least this cp-
,ter establishes that the ap-
!s not frivolous," Sny-
der .aid.
By Eugene L. Meyer
Washington Post start Writer
The U.S, Court of Appeals
yesterday released convicted
Watergate conspir,ator E.
Howard Hunt and burglar
Bernard L. Barker on per-
sonal llond pending the out-
come of their appeals for a
new trial.
, In brief orders signed by
, clerk Hugh E. Kline, the ap-
peals court ordered the
men to report to the probe-
' tion office of the U.S. Dis-
trict Court here to surren-
der to the U.S. marshal for
the District "when properly
called upon to do so" and
to notify officials of changes
of addresses or phone num-
bers.
Hunt is the former White
federal penitentiary at Eglin 1 appeal by Barker, who has
Field, Fla. Schultz said he ? spent more than a year in
prtson, and the three other
requested a delayed decision ? convicted burglars is from
on motions for release pend- the refusal of U.S. District
ing appeal by 'the other Court Chief Jusige John .1.
three men because they are Sirica to let them withdraw
eligible for parole Jan. 7. their guilty pleas and have a
Intertwined with the legal jury trial. ?
actions yesterday was the
The men pleaded guilty
:family situation of Hunt. ?last Jan. 15, Schultz said,
i whose wife died in a plane. "on the belief they had at
1. crash Dec. 8, ? 1972, leaving . that time? that they couldn't
1,:four children .to be reared disclose information or pre-
by a father who was sen- sent their ?wilt:defense for
1 tenced to prison last March , national security reasons."
: 22. ? Hunt's appeal is more
"His family has just dete- complc... According to-Sny-
:?riorated so drastically. they der, his lawyer, it is based
. need some adult." William on what he considers a'
A. Snytier, Jr., Hunt's law- . threat by Sirica of a harsh
-yer, said yesterday. sentence unless Hunt COOP';
Snyder said that Lisa, 22, :e-ted with prosecutors, and ?
and Howard St.. . 19. arc on disclosures after the pka
4 i
House aide sentenced on No-,
enting an apartment n sub-
that some of ilunt's files-
vember to serve 21/2 years 1 urban Kensington, Md. He .
had 1..4ri destroyed by for-
for his role in the b i
urglaty said Kevan, 21, s a? student,
mer White House aide John',
and wiretapping of Demo- , at Smith College in North-I :
; Dean Ill and by former FBI i
cratic national headquarters , ampton, Mass., while David, , director L. Patrick Gray III. .
' at the Watergate. He was or- ? 10, is in Miami with his god- Hunt also feels, his lawyer
dered to Maintain his rest- father. Dr. Manuel Artime, said, that "the whole opera-
dence at 11120 River Rd., a leader of the abortive tion was ordered by the At-
Potomac, Md. 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion. torney General (John N.
"Barker, - a Miami resident Snyder did not anticipate Alitehell) and people who
who recruited three other any delay in Hunt's release. could give a lawyer reason-
Miami men for. the Nater- For Barker, release may not : able belief" that the order
tiate bu'gging, was sentenced come until the end of next was legal.
serve 18 months to six week at the earliest, accord-
toimz to David Schultz, his All motions for release
years and stands to be eligi- lawyer. pending appeal are based
on arguments that the con-
ble for parole in June. He "He has to be transported victed person is not a tian-
was ordeted to stay with his to the District and proc- ger to the community, that
wife at their Miami resi- essed up here," the attorney, ? he will not flee and that
Schultz. said:dence.? the appeal has a good
Schultz described Barker's chance of succcedi -:c.
Daniel Schultz, lawyer for
family as "all very hartP3', The office of special -pros-.
.Barker and the three other very pleased (about . the ecutor Leon Jaworski had
Cuban-A mekcans, said all release). We didn't have
WASHINGTON POST Thzirsday, I cas. 10,1974
U.S. Reportedly- Weighed
Plot to IC11 Castro in '65
NEW -YORK, Jan. 9 (AP)?
Free-lance journalist Tad Szule
saysothe United' States during
President Lyndon Johnson's
administration planned? sec-
, ond,,invasion of Cuba com-
? bined with an effort to assas-
sinate premier Fidel Castro.
The plan had to be canceled,
Szule said in an article" to -be
published in the Jan. 17 Es-
quire magazine, vhen rebellion
unexpectedly erupted in the
Dominican Republic in April,
1965, and Johnson sent troops
to that county.
Szule, a former diplomatic,
correspondent for the New
York Times, said the operation
was planned by the Central'
Intelligence Agency,' "presum-
ably acting with President
Lyndon iohnson's authority
Arnim it was another do-it,
your self undertaking." He I
wrote! ..
"The new invasion was .to
be on a smaller scale than the
Bay of Pigs: The scenario was
ito bring ashore some 750 armed
12
.Snyder said Hunt is,
"overwhelmed" by the
court-ordered release. 'At
the federal penitentiary in -
Allenwood, Pa., where Hunt
has been confined, inmates"
are awakened at 5 a.m. to':
tend a herd of 5,009 ,cows,
Snyder said.
"Hunt. has bid arthritis in
his anti," Snyder. said, "lint
he's out there shovelling cow,
dung every morning in the
cold air. The Bureau of Pris-
ons doesn't want to be ac-
cused of running a country
club for Howard Hunt and
they sure aren't."
Of the other Watergate 1
defendants, James W.
1Mc-
Cord Jr., sentenced to one?
:to five years in prison, was
allowed to remain free last
month by Sirica on a $50,-
000 appeal bond. McCord
has testified before the Sen-
ate Watergate committee
and federal grand juries.
Sirica denied the other 'de-
fendants' motions for re-
lease.
The seventh . original
Watergate defendant, G.
Gordon Liddy, who has
steadfastly refused to coo-
perate with any Watergate.
investigation, has been 'sen-
tenced to a minimum of six
years and eight months sen-
tence 'but is currently serv-
ing a? contempt of court
term in D.C. Jail in additioh
to that,- _ -
lCulians at the crucial moment
when Castro would be dead
and inevitable chaos had de-
veloped . . .
"The existence of the assas-
sination plot, hatched,by the
CIA in Paris and Madrid, was
disclosed by the Cuban gov-
ernment in March, 1966, after
the designated gunma n?a
bearded Cuban physician and
former Cuban revolutionary
army major named Rolando
Cubela?was arrested in Ha-
vana following investigations
by Castro's counterintelligence
agents, who had become sus-
picious of him?
Szule said that although the
-Cuban government revealed
the assassination plot, it never
? reported -the invasion plan,
'probably b ause it didn't
,know much about it
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A0proved For Release 2001/08/07 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
New York Times
8 January, 1974
AT WATERGATL.
RANTED PAROLE
Their Release Due Mardi
After 15 Months in Jail
WASHINGTON, Jam. '7 ? --
Three of the raven Watergate
burglars were granted parole
today by the United States Pa-
role Board, effective March- 7.
They will be the r it In the
case to finish their 'prison
terms.
The three Prank-A.- Sfaits-
gis, Virkillo R.. Gonzalez. and-
Eugenio R, Martinez ? were
sentenced last November to
terms of Rae to four years in
prison fro burglary, wiretap-
ping and consipiracy in the
break-in of Democratic Nation-
al Heacquarteka in June, _1972.
They are now in custody arthe
Federal prison camp at Eglin
Air Force Base near Miami. '
The man, all ,Miami real-'
dents, will remain on parole un-
til the end of their sentences
in January, 1976. They have
been in prison 15 moths. '
Two other Watergate con-
spirators ? Bernard L. Barker
and 'E. Howard Hunt Jr. ?
were released last week by
order pending an appeal of
' their convictions. A sixth con-
spirator, James. W. McCord Jr.,
was released earlier, pending
an appeal.
The other convicted Water-
gate participant is G. Gordon
Liddy, former counsel to the
Fiance Committee to Re-elect
the President. Until recently,
Mr. Liddy was in the District
of Columbia jail on a contenip
of court charge for his failure
to answer questions by the
Watergate grand jury.
? According to a spokesman
for the Watergate special pros-
ecutor's office, Mr. Liddy is
now in a California jail await-
ing trial -ofor his role in the
break-in of the office of Dr.
'Lewis Fielding, Dr. Daniel
-Ellsberg's former psychiatrist. A
- - -
New York Times
9 January 1974
1/41cCord's Bond Reduced
? From $50,000 to $5,000
' isewassiastos stu-sems
'. WASHINGTON, Jan. 8?Bond
for James W. McCord Jr. was.,
lowered today from $50,000 to
$5,000 by United States District
Judge John J. Sirica.
The action, taken at the re-
quest of the convicted Water-
gate conspirator's lawyers,
came the day after three other
_
Watergate burglars were grant-
ed parole, effective March 7.
The three are Frank , A.
Sturgis, Eugenio R. Martinez-and Virgilio R. Gonzalez, Their
' parole appears to mean :that
'they will have finished serving
Itheir sentences before McCord
really starts to serve his.
Mr. MoC.ord was convicted
'with G. Gordon Liddy last Jan.
130, but he spent only a few
'weeks in jail before being re-
leased on bond.
sith'61fAR-NEW4
L, . a Weiirseseay,fahanril, Y73
- -
FRANK GETLEIN
1111 tIS Inge
? E. Howard Hunt Jr., the
right-wing burglar, got
himself sprung out of the
pokey last week with a ploy
the ingenuity of which Was
precisely appropriate for a
clash between the murky
twilight world in which
Hunt has operated most of
his professional life as spy,
dirty-tricks man, surrepti,
boils insurrectionary, elec-
tronic eaves-dropper and
burglar, and the sunlit world
of American justice..
One of the field supervi-
sors of the Watergate
break-in, Hunt confessed
and was tucked away by
Judge Sirica for 30 months
to eight years, a remarka-
bly, lenient sentence for a
convicted criminal whose
target was not a dry clean-
er's or ?a liquor store, not
even a bank, but the Repub-
lic itself.
As of last week, he is out
roaming the streets once
more, free, as his reaction-
ary admirers never tire of
asserting of pettier crimi-
nals paroled or freed on
appeal, to do it again.
Hunt is free because he
has asked the U.S. Court of
Appeals here to allow him
to change his original plea
of guilty to one of not guilty
, and to decree a new trial on
that new plea. The basic
reason behind his change' of
heart as to his own guilt,
according to his lawyers,
is the contention that im-
proper actions by the U.S.
government prejudiced his
original trial, making jus-
tice impossible.
The improper actions by
the government cited by
Hunt's lawyers are the tak-
ing of documents from
Hunt's White House safe'
and the destruction of them
by L. Patrick Gray III, then
acting head of the FBI, now
practicing law in New Lon-
don, Conn., in spite of his
us Plo
attitude toward the destruc-
tion of evidence, an attitude
one would have thought
unseemly in an officer of
the court.
Hunt's friends are famil-
iar enough with the tech-
nique of criminals charging
governmental improprieties
and going scot-free. Tradi-
tionally, the right has de-
nounced the technique when
employed by Mafiosi and
other undesirables. More
recently, the right has de-
nounced the technique when
employed by such victims of
apparent government con-
spiracy as the Berrigan
brothers and Dr. Ellsberg.
It will be interesting to see
how much protest the right
generates over Hunt's use
of the same ploy.
It is not, however, quite
the same ploy, although it
looks it. ?
The difference is this:
When the government be-
hayed improperly in the
Berrigan affair that caused
Henry Kissinger to fear for
his virtue at the hands of
sex-starved nuns, as he deli-
cately put it, the government
-was clearly the enemy of
the Berrigans, so much so
as to employ a criminal as
informer, quite possibly as
agent-provocateur to some
degree.
? When the government
behaved improperly in the
prosecution of Dr. Ellsberg,
again the government was
the declared enemy of the
doctor, of his psychiatrist
and of normal American
justice, going so far as to
burglarize the psychia-
trist's office and to dangle
an attractive appointment
before the presiding judge
at Ellsberg's trial.
When the government
.behaved improperly toward
Hunt, however, the govern-
ment was not Hunt's ene-
my, but his friend, his em-
ployer, his partner and, he
confidently if mistakenly
13
expected, his protector of,
last resort.'
That's quite a difference:1
It is true enough thatifts-:'
tinctions can and certainly
will be made between the
U.S. government and the
Committee to Re-Elect the
President. The tWo things
-
were, in theory, separate-
entities. -
On the other hand, an old
disreputable like Hunt, 'aft-
er two decades of carrying
on for the CIA in the ?style-
made familiar to all through
his novels, may be excused
for confusing the two
things, for assuming the
CREEPs were a mere cov-
er, a surface organization of
the sort he was long famil-
iar with, created as a base
for his dirty, tricks on behalf
of the government.
He may be excused the
more when we recall that so
many of his encounters took
place in the White House
with people Who were top
presidential aides and that
the papers on the destruction
of whichhe bases his appeal
were in the White House and
handled by White House
personnel.
If Hunt beats the rap on
the grounds that the govern-
ment that hired him as a
burglar was subsequently
improper in its dealings
with him, the course of jus-
tice will have no alternative
but to go on, in criminal
terms, to Gray, the man
who destroyed the papers,
to the men who gave Gray
the papers to destroy. and to
the man in whose interest
they were destroyed. -
All of this is merely one of
many similar reasons that
the Watergate affair will
not be over in a hurry and
that in the matter of the
impeachment the House of
Representatives would be
seriously derelict in its du-
ties to rush to judgment, to
"vote it up or vote it down"
before all the evidence is
in.
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Approved For Release 2001/08/07 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
WASHINGTON POST
26 December 1973
affr ate Stolen List
By John Hartrithan*.1,:.* :office Watt 'tar Doyle said there was
Wtialanatoa Past Matt Wdt question 1)44 In eaimeetrett" :.,.itathialita:egaii or 'flapieper.
a Watergate special , with the break-in, in `znibinenaing Lucent', and
utor's office has been Luconi, aforiner_Stitte ; thateLucoin was not being
presec _
attempting to question tfie ? partment , official; charged harassed-
*Usher a a It.S.hased that the special prosecutor's Lucom, in a telephone in-
allti-cominunist ? Chilean office had, Illegally issued terview, indicated he woUld
'newsletter concerning a *libn a subpoena On Nov. 8 to .1 not cooperate with the ape;'
roidliriglist allegedly Stolen opearhefore a grand jury. cial prosecutor's office. He
,
ln*om the Chilean *tirbasaft4 /Atom Said that, as. a news- said be**tia being asked. to
la#st year in a break-111*:tha0-littePpubli4fir. tie was pro- *;;"anasSitir-smestiosuf "because
possibly kyr-lived Watergate ',tetted V' a 'Justice Depart- "they tell me that a maffing
, -figures- Ment order prohibiting the Supposedly stolen frsm
'1118 was the _first_publie. -subpoenaing of members of theChilean: Embassy May
inpi.cation that yd cu- the, news Media except -with 13,15; contained names of,
ment-mayhave been stolen the specific authorization as- persons who began: receiv;
ing Chile La Verdad after
II the Chilean Embaisif * -the Attorney General. ; 3
,
brdikin the weekend , of 'The subpoena issued to that date. That, stipposedry:
kto 1345. 19-72_0n-0 moot' him lacked this necessarywanY link to Watergate
I*" *
Lucom, noting that the
authorizatiort and was, a
bet:4n five ,men were sr.! ' therefore, ineialo laucom
orie' ytl District of Colum-
reportlisted
rested for breaking into and said. Ile charg'ed the special lust
bung Democratic Nis- Prosecutors office ourradios, a al'aver ead a
stolen.
* llaPlfre doesn'ttil
tidnal Committee hea JamesDoT 4Psa
dquar any
tets at the Watergate. spokesman fbi the Ispec;121-, mailing list was stolen from
special prosecutor% prosecutor's office, acknowl- the Chile-a 2mhassY? his
oUce has been attempting edged that the office is in, telegram to Bork, he said:
"What is really being
to;:dikermine whether the terested in questioning La-
embassy burglary involved corn, but declined to discuss sought is Our long-estab-
lished circulation list and
scime of the same persons hsubject
whphave been implicated in Doyle said that the office news sources in Chile."
thprWatergate break-in. wrote Lucom late lad Lucom called upon Bork
to investigate whether the
-Wilson C. Lucom, pub- month and iroformed him
li$her and managing editor that it had withdrawn the special prosecutor's office is
.
of Chile La Verdad (The subpoena in some way using after Lucom-. "harassing, unfounded in-
Tinth), disclosed in a tele- raised the First Amendment
gram to Acting Attorney 'newsman's privilege ' issue: vestigations" to aid Chilean
General Robert li.. Bork and . Doyle said the office_ had
WA: a telephone interview reached en -`"
with: 41?he Washington-- Post- .4;00,1 1.111P010::,? xiSpoi *ler-1m
that-the special presecutor'S,' have Iticarin
[THE thicbrPOSy
Friday,.Tan. i, 7974
Joseph Dueibella
Specialist
For CIA
On Europe
Dr. Joseph W. Duclbella, 67,
a retired foreign affairs spe-
cialist, died Tuesday at his
home, 7611 Little River Turn-
pike,,Annandale." -
A' graduate of -Catholic' 1:1:11-.
varsity,- where he received a
'doctorate In 1935, Dr. Dud:
:belle had been an instructor
in romance languages at St.
Joseph's College in Hartford,
Conn., and in the De._ school
Communists "in their
effort to overthrow the pros-*
ent Chilean government"
Lwow said that the
Watergate Investigators had
no evidence to link him to
the Chilean Embassy break-
in, but were instead indulg-
ing In "speculations to link
me to the Watergate plum-
bers.". He said he knows
none of the persons intpli-
cated in the Watergate
break-in.
Lucom`sitid he was an as--
sisitant to Secretary of State
Edward R. Stettinius in the
early -1940s, and served as
deputy and acting chief of
mission in Ethiopia in 1944-
1945.
D.0 police sonnet said
that the embassy break-In-
ivas not intensively inves-
tigated at the time it occur-
red, and was then regarded
as routine.
According to a document
made public during the Sen-
ate select Watergate com-
mittee hearings, former
presidential counsel John
W. Dean III was concerned
after the June 17, 1972,
Watergate arrests 'i!at F. e
of the same persnr,,
'volved in in that break-in ere
also involved in the Chilean
Embassy burglary.
!system before World War IL
During the war, he served,
as a lieutenant with Naval In-
telligence in North Africa and
Italy said then in Washington,
where he was acting chief edi-
tor of the "Histov of the Of-
fice of Naval Intelligence Dur-
ing World Warll." ?
1 in 1946, he joined the Cen-
tral Intelligence -Croup, later
the CIA, as a senior specialist
for Western European affairs.
He retired in 1966, receiving a
silver plaque for distinguished
service. . ,
1 He is survived by his wife,
Lillian. of the home; two BOW,
Robert W: and Joseph C, of
Annandale; four brothers,
Charles, Salvadore, John and
James; three sisters, Mary and
Caroline Duelhella, and Lucy
Record*, and a grandchild- _.
14
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Approved For Release 2001/08/07 : CIDP77-00432R000100310001-2 ?
THE NEW REM. -ELT
-DECEMBER 29, 1973
by Tad Sz lc
111
,More to the
he Plumbers
-who pleaded guilty last November 30 to a single
Secret White House domestic and foreign intelligence
operations conducted in the name of "national secu-
rity" outside regular government channels have been
much more numerous thin, is pialic?,y known, and
several of them have drawn on the resources of the
Central Intelligence Agency despite repeated official
disclaimers. They raise serious new questions about
the role of President Nixon and the CIA in a number Of
events. The story of additional activities by the
Plumbers and operations undertaken by the White
House before and after the formal creation of this
special unit in mid-1971, is likely to emerge in trials
that follow a new series of indictments expected to be
returned during January by SpeCial Watergate Prose-
cutor Leon Jaworski.
These undisclosed operations are said to include:
Secret support, outside CIA channels, for the re-
gime of Zambia's President Kenneth Kaunda late in
.1970, to help him weather a conspiracy to oust him.
The White House appeared to be concerned that
Kaunda's, overthrow by radicals, possibly including
Chinese agents, might lead to the seizure of private US
copper investments in Zambia. Kaunda reportedly
received electronic equipment to tap the telephones
and homes of Zambian officials he suspected of plot-
ting. Coincidentally a nephew of the late President
Eisenhower was shipping such equipment to Zambia.
ma Burglary, or attempts at burglary, at the New York
and Washington offices of the International Telephone
and Telegraph Corporation, apparently in search of
personal data on its top officials, including ITT's Presi-
dent Harold S. Geneen, and other sensitive documents.
toa The use of CIA officials attached to the secret
Anglo-American intelligence group located at the Brit-
ish Embassy in Washington to secure information on
the background of Dr: Daniel Ellsberg after the surfac-
ing of the Pentagon papers in June 1971. The White
House bypassed the usual CIA'channels here.
/Na Supply, of equipment and false identification pa-
pers to the Plumbers' Cuban-American task force by
CIA offices in Miami and San Francisco in support of
the raid on the offices of Ellsberg's osychiatri.st, the
Watergate break-ins and other operations.
Jaworski, who has made it clear he Will not be de-
terred in his investigations by White House invoca-
tions of "national security," is believed to expect a new
breakthrough in the area of the Plumbers' operations
after indictmenis are handed down by a Washington
federal grand jury looking into the September 1971
raid on the Beverly Hills offices of Dr. Lewis Fielding,
Ellsberg's psychiatrist. Among those expected to be
indicted are John D. Ehrlichman, former head of the
White House Domestic Council; former White House
Special Counsel Charles W. Colson; G. Gordon Liddy,
one of the Plumbers; and the three Cuban-Americans
who carried out the Fielding raid: Bernard L. Barker,
_Eu _ _ _ genio Martinez and Felipe de Diego. Egil Krogh, Jr.,
TAD SZULC was a diplomatic correspondent for The New
York Times.
Approved For Release 2001/08/07:
charge of criminal conspiracy in the Fielding burglary,
is regarded as the star witness for the prosecution,
having discarded his "national security" defense.
Prosecutors hope that Krogh will "break wide open"
the White House domestic intelligence operations. One
source predicts that Krogh's testimony in a trial "may
blow the White House out of the water," touching
upon everything from the President's ow\etknowledge
of various operations to the role of the CIA. Hunt,
sources say, will risk contempt of court if he refuses to
testify. Ehrlichman, Liddy and Young were indicted
earlier by a Los Angeles grand jury, but the California
trial has been delayed until April 15 and may be can-
celled because the Fielding break-in is now considered
part of federal jurisdiction in Washington under the
provisions of Title 13 of the US Penal Code.
New information available suggests that the White
House was engaged in secret intelligence operations
even before the publication of the Pentagon papers
and other news leaks led, as alleged by the White
House, to the establishment of the Krogh-Young-
Hunt-Liddy special unit.
Aside from White House efforts to obtain informa-
tion in 1969 on the Chappaquiddick incident involv-
ing Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, presidential aides are
said to have launched private intelligence operations
abroad, chiefly because of their distrust of the CIA
under the former director, Richard Helms. For instance
it is believed that the White House became fearful
about Zambia ? and the continued supply of copper?
about the time the late Salvador Allende Gossens was
elected president in Chile, in September 1970, and
moved toward the nationalization of American copper
companies there. Kaunda is believed to have been in:
serious danger in October 1970, and pressurethe.
White House to act may have come from the coPper-
companies.
Born what I can learn, the White House dispatched
its own unidentified agents to the African country to
help Kaunda neutralize his enemies. What remains
unclear is whether there was alink between that inter-
vention and. a contract held by a Washington public
relations man and an outstanding Nixon fund-raiser, '
to supply Kaunda with bugging and other electronic
equipment. The man is Michael Doud Gill, nephew of .
Mrs. .Mamie Eisenhower, who served in 1968 as assist-
ant chairman of United Citizens for Nixon-A-gnevi.
Gill, a friend of President Kaunda, said in a recent :
newspaper interview that the Kambianhad fears of tile
Chinese .who exert considerable influence in neigh-
boring Tanzania. Speaking of the equipment supplied
to Kaunda, Gill said. that "they were bugging their
own officials," Gill's contract came to light in Septem-
ber when his former partner, Marshall Soghoian, was
charged in Washington. DC with acting as an unregis-
tered foreign agent for Zambia. Soghoian is free on an
unusually high $100,000 bond pending grand jury in-
is
CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
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vestigations. Gill said Soghoian had splen his con-
tract with the Zambians.
The alleged burglary attempts at IT offices occurred
in 1971 and 1972 as a form of "double insurance" after
the corporation offered one millionydollars in contri-
butions to the CIA to prevent the inatiguration of Pres-
,
ident Allende in Chile and $400,000 to the Republican
Party in connection with an antitrust stkt.
I have been. told that "in case of complications, the
White House people wanted to have in their hands a
lot of personal information about Geneen and others."
Testimony before the Senate Watergate Committee by
former White House investigators, the Plumbers' fore-
runners, showed that investigations of personal habits
of those of interest to the White House was a frequent
procedure. But it cannot be excluded that the Plumbers ?
also looked for incriminating documents concerning
1971 meetings between top administration figures and
111' officials, which resulted in the corporation's suc-
cess in avoiding antitrust action after its purchase of
an insurance company. It should be recalled that in
. 1972 Hunt was sent to Denver by the White House to
persuade Dita Beard, the ITT lobbyist, to say that her
memo on the secret deal was a forgery.
Perhaps the most complicated aspect of the Plumb-
ers' operations was their relationship with the CIA.
'Helms, William E. Colby, the agency's present director
and other senior officials have denied in public and in
executive sessions before congressional committees
that there was any "involvement" with Watergate. In-
stead they charged White House officials sought to use
CIA for the subsequent cover-up. But discrepancies
and contradictions raise the question whether the
CIA's denial might not have been a "technical denial."
The first discrepancy involves dates. In his May 22
speech President Nixon said that the first meeting he
held with Ehrlichman and Krogh for the purpose of set-
ting up an operation to prevent news leaks was on
July 24, 1971. But the record of the Watergate hearings
showed that Ehrlichman first called General Robert E.
Cushman, Jr., then CIA deputy director, as early as
July 7to arrange for a visit by Hunt. Cushman and
'Hunt met on July 22. Hunt, a CIA veteran (and a friend
of General Cushman, who attended Hunt's retirement
party the year before), had come to ask CIA help for a
"one-time" interview with an unspecified person. The
CIA gave him a wig, a speech-alteration device, a small
camera, a tape' recorder and two sets of false docu-
ments. Later, on Hunt's request, the CIA also provided
Liddy with false documents.
As it is now known, Hunt was part of a larger opera-
tion designed to uncover compromising information
about Ellsberg. This was the reason for the Fielding
raid. The White House was convinced that Ellsberg
may have had access to other classified materials after
he made the P.entagon papers available to the press,
and that he might be turning them over to the Soviet
goVernment. This suspicion, I am told, led the White
House. to turn to the British for a secret check on Ells-
berg's activities during the year he spent at Cambridge
University in 1953. The notion at the White House was
that Ellsberg may have had contacts with Harold (Kim)
Philby, the British intelligence operative who turned
out to be a key Soviet espionage agent.
-
Ehrlichman arranged for the Hunt interview with
,1 Cushman about the same time he turned to the joint
;i Anglo-American intelligence group in Washington for
information on Ellsberg's Cambridge days. The joint
Iintelligence group functions under an agreement pro-
viding for temporary service by CIA agents with MI:6,
the British intelligence service, and vice versa. Nor-
.rnally intelligence requests from the US government to
the joint group go through CIA headquarters. In this
instance, however, Ehrlichman contacted the group
directly. through a CIA representative. M1-6 passed
on the- request to Mf-5, the British counterespionage
? agency. The answer on Ellsberg was negative. It is not
known whether the CIA official in question apprised
Helms of the Ehrlichman request. Investigators think,
however, that it is significant that Ehrlichman was act- '
ing in the Ellsberg case almost three weeks before
_ .
Nixon, according to his own statement, gave the go-
ahead on the Plumbers' Unit. The suspicion arises
Whether secret domestic intelligence operations may
not have been initiatedeven earlier. According to one
version, the. White House obtained information on
April 17, 1971, that Ellsberg, was preparing to turn
the Pentagon papers over to the press. The first install-
ment was published in The New York Times .on June 13.
s far as the CIA's subsequent role is concerned,
most investigators are willing to accept Helms' and
. Colby's technical disclaimer that the agency was "not
involved" in Vatergate, although they wonder how
.much, the CIA knew about Plumber operaticr.s. in
general. . _
In October Barker, Martinez and Virgilio R. Gon-
zales, three of the five Watergate raiders, swore that
they knew that equipment for the Fielding and Water-
gate burglaries as well as false 'documents for all of
them were supplied by the CIA. These Claims are con-
H tamed in affidavits filed in support of a motion, later
denied by judge John J. Sirica, to be allowed to change
their pleas from guilty to not guilty in the Watergate
affair. A source close to the investigation says that "it
would be incredible for them at this late date to com-
mit perjury" in affidavits seeking a favorable court
decision.
Barker, a former CIA employee, said in his affidavit
that "it appeared to me that the equipment, disguises
and fake identification papers that were used in the
ffieldiri.g1 operation were the type that were used and
prepared by the CIA, And. at some point Mr. Hunt con-
firmed my belief and advised that this equipment had
been provided by the QA." Speaking of the Watergate
raid, Barker said that ''As was the case with the Field-
ing. Office entry, fake identification papers that were
used in the Watergate entries had been prepared by the
CIA." Martinez, who still was on a CIA monthly re-
tainer at the time of the Watergate break-in, said in his
affidavit that "equipment which was used during the
operation which included mechaniCal equipment, dis-
guises and false identification papers were the type I
. associated with the CIA and I was told by Mr. Hunt
that the agency had supplied the equipment."
It 15 of course possible that Hunt was lying to his
own men to make it appear that the CIA was behind
all the Plumber operations. But there is no question
that the CIA provided false papers to the Cuban-
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*
Americans through its "preen Light' group in Miami.
The "Green Light" group., a section of the CIA station
in Miami! headed by William Davis, spkializei in
screening Cuban refugees from the island to deter-
mine whether they may be engaged as agents to be
infiltrated back to Cuba: It has ample facilities for
clandestine work Eugenio Martinez worked fa; "Green
Light." Neither Helms nor his associates were ever
asked by the Senate Watergate Committee whether the
CIA had provided false documents. to the Cuban-
Americans, in addition to the papers CIA gave Hunt
and Liddy. Helms has indirectlfdenied that the CIA
provided the Plumbers with burglary equipment, but
sources claim it did come 'from the agency's office in
Burlingame, a suburb of San Francisco. Helms testified
that he learned about the Fielding break-in Only last
May and that "I was assured by the CIA that equip-
ment given Hunt was not used in the break-in."
It is possible that the CIA's top echelon simply
chose to look the other way after supplying the PlUmb-
ers with their needs on the theory that in dealing with
the White House, "What you don't know, doesn't
hurt you." It is also possible that Helms, personally
distrusted by the White House, was kept in the dark
by subordinates. Nixon claims his subordinates failed
to inform him. There is no other explanation for the
CIA's apparent lack of interest in Hunt's activities
after he had requested assistance from General Cush-
man. Hunt, after all, had been a fairly important CIA
official and his involvement in national security areas
on the White House's behalf could not have failed to
arouse professional interest in the agency. In his testi-
mony, however, Helms insisted the CIA became inter-
ested in Hunt and the others, all former CIA employ-
ees, only after Watergate. Cushman testified that it
-would be unlikely for the CIA to provide aid without
the clearance by headquarters. This, then, leaves offi- 7
daily unanswered the question of where the Cuban-
Americans got their false documents found on them,
after they were arrested afWatergate.
Investigators reject published allegations thai Mar-
tinez kept the CIA informed throughout of the Plumb-
ers' operations. They believe that the agency may
have been willing to provide support for them, but
eschew any knowledge of what they did -A at least in
the initial stages. On this controversial point, Mar- .
tinez' sworn affidavit throws new and interesting
light: ": . . I broached the name of Mr. Hunt with) my
[CIA] supervising agent sometime around the time of
the Fielding office entry. The subsequent response I
received from my supervising agent indicated to me
that he had not been informed by his superiors and
accordingly, that I was not supposed to disclose any
? information about these operations to him."
At this point if Martinez is telling the truth, the CIA
was indeed looking the other way. But Martinez goes
On: "At some point, either shortly before the first
Watergate or between the first and second Watergate
entry, my supervising agent in the Miami area made
an inquiry of me with respect to any inforniation I
had regarding activities of Mr. Hunt." This contradicts
directly Helms' testimony. Martinez said he refused
to answer on national security grounds. But a , few
days later, on June 17, 1972, the CIA had its answer
..about Hunt. Other answers about the Plumbers?and
about the innumerable contradictions in the Water-
gate matter? should emerge when Krogh & Co. begin
to testify.
17
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Los ANGELES T-Dizikpproved For Release 2001/08/07 :101PRREB3714131MKOWI.0310001-2
6 January 1974
That Truce
Leila Sent
by CIA Man
Phony Offerpf
Peace Regretted
. by, U.S. Embassy
BY JACK FOISIE
Times Stsff Writer
BANGKOK ? The U.S.
Embassy here admitted ,
? Saturday that a 'member
of the Central Intelligence
Agency had with ."regret-
table and unauthorized in- '
itiative sent a phony. letter
to.Thailand's prime minis-
ter offering a truce on be- ,
half of Thai insurgents. ,
? T h e disclosure con-
firmed a story published
earlier by a Thai English-
language newspaper; The
Nation..
T h e embassy spokes-
man. 'ferry Shroeder, de-
clined to say what moti-
vated the lette r. N or
monad he name the indivi-
dual involved or say
whether the a emit, had
been reprimanded. The
agent worked in pnrtheast
Thailand where th;:y insur-
gency represents- a sub-
stantial threat to security.
According to informed
sources the letter was
written and mailed in
November to the new Thai
prime minister, Sanya
Dharmasakti. Signed by a
purported insurgent lead-
er, "Chamras." it prnposed
that control of insurgent-
held areas in the north-
east. mainly adjacent to
the Laos border. be merles.
nized by the government
and allowed autonomous
ride. In return the insur-
rents pledged not to seek
authorship to the CIA.
The newspaper said the
agent, while taking any re-
turn address off the letter.
had left. his own mailing
address .on ? the form he
signed to have the letter ;
registered. This made the '
, letter easy to trace.
Speaking for U.S. Am-
bassador William Kintner, ?
the spokesman said "the
Incident of the cease-fire
letter has been discussed
I-with appropriate Thai of
It is a regrettable and
ii n a uthorized initiative.
The American ambassador
has directed categorically
that no American official
be involved in any activity
which could be interpret-
ed as interference in Thai
' internal affairs."
The affair is the. latest in
? recent Thai-American ex-
changes which have led to
after thought statements
and red faces. . ?
Thai-American relations
are particularly sensitive
now, as the Thai govern-
ment seeks to reestablish
trade and perhaps diplo-
matic relations with the
People's Republic of China.
. As a result, Thai officials
have been playing the
cumbers game on the ac-
tual size of U.S. forces in
Thailand. Defense Minis-
- ter Dawee Chullasapya
has announced the num-
ber is below 33,000 and
going lower soon.
The American figure is
35,000 a n d negotiations
are continuing on "possi-
ble further reduction:: So
far only one American air
base in Thailand has been
closed since the cease-fire
declared in Vietnam a
year ago. Six bases remain
open and active in train-
n.g a n d reconnaissance
flights over Indochina.
. The number of U.S. ser-
vicemen in Thailand is
greater than anywhere
overseas, except for North
Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion Tomes in West Germa-.
113s.
The Americans want to
negotiate a status-of-force? S
agreement to regularize
the Icing-term presence of
some troops in Thailand.
Replying to a query on the
progress of such talks.
Thai Foreign Ministry
?
to expand their insurgen-?
cy.
The offer, when publi-
cized, was officially ig-
nored by government
leaders and its authentici-
ty wag discounted.. Howev-
er, in a related response
weeks later, Prime :Minis-
t e r Sanya renewed a
government . offer- of am-
nesty to insurgents who
would give up the fight.
The matter subsided un-
til Saturday when The Na-
tion attributed the letter's
spokesman 'Pracha Guna-:
Kasem snapped:
"As long as there are
American soldiers in Thai-
land ?they will be under
Thai law."
Under recently arrived
Ambassador Kintner, ef-
4 December 1973
CM. Danger
To Thai,
Writer Says
Express ? France Presse
? : ?
BANGKOK (AFP) ? A col-
umnist of the influential after-
noon daily Siam Rath' has warn-
ed the new government of the
possible danger posed by the
American Cc tral Intelli ence
Agency
Citing the past CIA record in
South Vietnam and Cambodia
as an example, columnist Kasen
Atchayasai wrote. that over-
throw was likely in any devel-
vping country whose regime
was found to -pursue policies
contrary to U.S. interests.
Because of the big interests of
the United States in Thailand, it
was unlikely that the American
-government would Approve any
sudden change in Thai policies,
the columnist wrote.
HE SAID that although the
CIA had played no part in the
recent student uprising that led
to the change in government, it
was very likely that the agency
w as watching closely any
change which might result in
damage to U.S. interest..
He _pleaded that the govern-
ment use astute judgement to-
wards the Americans as to
avoid any repeat of the blood-
shed that occurred Oct. 14.
"This is not an attempt to in-
forts have been made to
reduce some of. the more
visible symbols of official
American presence in
Thailand. American mili-
tary shopping centers
have been reduced. Rec-
reational facjlities have
been reduced or closed.
American military police
walking Bangkok streets
no longer carry arms. ?
Thais appear to appreci-
ate ? these efforts, while
continuing to express con-
cern. at the reduction in
Thai civilian employment
at American military
bases and in U.S. agencies.
There are at present about
30,000 Thais so employed.
Recently they were all
given a pay raise, after a
strike of Thai employes, in
the Bangkok post es-,
change?the military-run
shopping center. Thai em-
ployes-at more-or-less per-
manent American agen-
cies have a pension plan,
with the U.S. government
contributing the major
share.
cite the Thai government to ex-
pel the GI's or abandon rein-
? tions," the article said.
"What is wanted is that the
government should proceed to
find means to win bargains for
the reduction of U.S. poterjn a
more suitable way. It should
not allow the United States to
do just as it pleases, as it has in
the ;past." ?
Meanwhile,. in Washington,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State of East Asian and Pacific
Affairs Monteagle Stearns told
'Congress that the 'U.S. Govern-
ment foresees no need for basic
changes in its policy towatds
Thailand because of the col-
lapse of the military regime.
"THE UNITED STATES ex-
pects no change in the atmos-
phere of cooperation and. mu-
tual understanding that charac-
terized U.S.-Thai relations in
the past," he said. .
He added that the United
Atates expected to provide, such
stipport and assistance as was
necessary to maintain Thai-
land's security and promote its
economic development. "We ex-
pect to continue our dialogue
with the Thai government re-
garding the U.S. military forces
in Thailand, bearing in mind
the mutual security interests
they serve and the seesssesn
prerogatives of our Thl
he said.
Commenting on the iii1,-ri2an
presence in Thailand ? six mil-
itary bases, 35,000 troops ? the
Thai foreign minister confirmed
that the ultimate goal was "to-
tal withdrawal."
However, he added, "it will
take time- and it depends on the
situation."
NEW YORK TIMES
19 December 1973
Ex-C.I.A. Agent Is Cleared
On Illegal Weapon-Charges
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 18
? (AP)?The man who reportedly
possessed the largest private
arsenal ever found in Philadel-
hia was found not guilty yes-
terday in Municipal Court of
illegal weapon charges.
George E. Fassnacht, a for-i
mer agent of the Central In-1
telligence Agency, was set freel
when the judge ruled there hadl
_
been insufficient prosecutian
evidence to lie Mr. Fameelet
to machine guns found in the
home of his wife's friend. ?
A search of Mr. Fassnacht'a
home in June, .1371. was ruled
illegal by another judge about
a month ago. That search
turned up a quantity of ex-
plosives, hand gronadis,"
bombs, small arms and =mu..
nitions.
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ew York Times
0 Jan. 1974
rotesting Thais Demand
uster of Arneric Envoy
Eew York Timee
10 Jan. 1971.1
BANGKOIC, Thailand, Ian 91tor, William 1i. Vintner, was
said to he "extremely an-
noyed" at the Lezidant,
Officially, Stet Kintner has
apologized for the letter and
said that he has ordered tba
in the future "re American of:-
fib-lel be bivalved in any ac-
tivity which could be inter-
preted as an.: interference
Thai internal affairs." I ,
The Goverim'iertt, width is
said to have leaked the infor-
mation to the press, has made
no official comment. But sev-
eral ranking officials have :said
privately that ;there should be
an investigation. -
The etudents, whose uprising
in October overthrew the mili-
tary government here, are con-
sidered the most powerful po-
litical force in Thailand. In the
days following disclosureof the
C.I.A. incident, the students ise
sued demands for an examina-
tion of American intelligence
activities in the country. But
theynstopped short of suggest-
ing more serious measures, such
as withdrawal of American mil-
itary personnel or a formal
Government protest to Wash-
ington.
? Shouting, jeering Thai
udents demanded the ouster
the United States Ambas-
or today and protested the
it by the Japanese Premier.
More than 4,000 ? students,
niessors and others massed
utside the United States Em-
assy here demanding that the
mhassadisr, William R.- Eid-
er, and the United States Cen-
al Intelligence Agency get
ut of the country. Student
arshals kept order arid the
emonstration, organized by
eople for Democratic Action,
roke up after about two
ours. Mr. Kintner was in
orthem Thailand.
The demonstrations were
me of the strongest since
udents toppled the military
gime in October and became
he only significant organized
olitical force.
The Japanese Premier, Re-
uel. Tanaka, who is on .a five-
ountry Southeast Asian tour,
ave a hastily revised speech
t a dinner in his honor given
y Premier Sanya Dharmasaki
fter being delayed by students
ho barricaded the entrances
o his hotel. He said the dem-
nstrations made him aware of
"the concern of the Thai peo but his plot has been ex-
pie about the role of Japanese plained by officials familiar
aff I u ence." with the situation. The letter
purported to he from Chem-
ras, ' the pseudonym of a Com-
munist insurgent leader in
northeast Thailand. The letter,
a copy of which was published
in The Nation, seemed clever
enough.
Addressed to Premier Sanya,
it says in part that "we greatly
pity the Thal soldiers who have
to come and fight against us
because they are fooled by im-
perialist America." It also says,
in proposing a cease-fire in re-
turn for amnesty and autono-
my in insurgent-held areas,
that "the views in this letter
may well not be the views of
the entire Peoples Liberation
Army."
The letter, dated Dec. 5, was
received by Premier Sanya,
who reportedly became sus-
picious and had its source
checked. It was learned that
the office boy who mailed the
letter registered it with the
proper return address, which
was traced to an office of
on't_Loo
Now...
Author Not Identified
The agent who wrote the
letter has not been identified
Mahler Was in C.I.A.
The protests against Mr.
irtrier and the C.I.A. were
ouched off by reports Satur-
ay that a C.I.A. agent had
sent a letter to Premier Sanya
in the name of a Communist
insurgent. The letter offered
a cease-fire in exchange for
autonomy in rebel areas in
northwestern Thailand. Mr.
Kintner, who served with the
C.I.A. in Washington in 1950-52,
old Thai newsmen yesterday,
that the agent in question had
been sent out of Thailand and
"appropriate disciplinary action
had been taken." ,
Strain May Develop
By JAMES F. CLARITY ,
Spada! to The New York Times
BANGKOK, Thailand, Jan. 9
? Knowledgeable Western
diplomatic officials . say rela-
tions between the United States
and Thailand could be severely
strained by the recent admit- the C.I.A.
ted interference of the Central
Intelligence Agency in Thai
, affairs.
The officials said American
I diplomats were apprehensive
about the consequences of the
incident, in which the United
States Embassy admitted that
a C.I.A. agent had written a
letter- in the name of a Com-
munist insurgent leader pro-
posing a cease-fire between the
rebels and the interim Govern-
ment of Premier Sonya Phar-
masakti. _
The United 'States Amhassa-
19
By Anthony Lewis ,
There was a mail story in the paper
the other day about a Central Intelli-
gmae Agency Operative out in Thailand
faking a letter from the local guerrillas
to the Thai Government. The agency
apologized to the Thais for the inci-
dent, described Was an aberration and
said it Would never happen again.
A reassuring story, that It tells us
That we can still count on the covert
operations pectple at the C.I.A.--the
men who planned the Bay of Pigs,
carried 'oh a secret war in Laos,
subsidized cultural organizations and
foreign politicians, and provided tech-
nical aid for the White House burglary
squad. -
What we want is to keep such
things secret. Right? National security
demands ihat the American people
aiave no idea of the political tricks
and covert waru. carried on in their
name, even years ago. Right?
Those propositions may sound
absurd but they would he serious if
the C.I.A. and the Justice Department
prevail in a legal argument they are
making right now in the Federal Dis-
trict Court in Alexandria, Va. The case
is one that ought to concern anyone
who cares about freedom and public
control of government in, the United
States. ,
-
It sill began when Victor Marchetti,
a respected official of the C.I.A. from
1955 ta 1969, decided to write a book
'about it. The agency went to court and
got an order barring him from publish-
ing anything, "factual, fictional or
otherwise," without its, consent. The
-basis for the injunction was that
Marchetti, in going to work for the
C.I.A., had agreed not to disclose
Classified matters.
With the help of a former Foreign
Service officer, John Marks, Marchetti
went ahead and wrote his book. He
ABROAD AT HOME
sent it to-the agency, when 50 people
.spent 1,700 hours going over it. (Who
were they? The imagination reels.)
They ordered 339 passages cut?a fifth
-of the book.
Marchetti pleaded that many en the
censored items had already appeared
In print. C.I.A. officials thought again
and agreed to reduce their deletions
to 225. We can see the restored 114,
and they give an idea of the sort of
thing censors would cut if they had
their way, For example:
? s A paragraph about a ping= to
send balloons from Taiwan over main-
land China, carrying propaganda. ,
*References to Air America as a
'C.I.A.-owned airline" in Indochina?
very likely the worstekept secret in
efficial history. - I
0 Numerous mentions of the well- I
known fleet that the C.I.A., in the';
1950'S, supported efforts to overthrow ?
the Sukarno Government in Indonesia,
* An eight-word -passage saying
that the British secret seirviee ?helped
'Greville Wynne, an Englishman jailed'
by the Soviet Union as a spy, to write
a book
? A statement that some supposed
journalists overseas actually work for
the C.1.A.?a fact leaked by the
itself recently.
e A descriptive phrase saying that
a story by Seymour Hersh of The New.
York Times about secret C.I.A. pay-
ments to one wing of the Italian'
Christian Democratic party was "thor-
oughly verified.'
British ghosting, newspaper adjec-
tives, intelligence fiascos of the past:
Those are the molehills that fifty peo-
ple labored .1,700 hours to turn into na-
tional security mountains. It is easy-
to laugh at such liumbledom, as Tayler,
Branch called it in an acid analysis of'
the case in last month's Harper's maga-.
zine. Marchetti's_ publisher, Alfred A.
Knopf, is thinking of publishing the
book with blanks and sending the
missing words to buyers if and when
it wins the case.
But of course it is not really funny.
The United States needs more light on
its national sectirity policies, not less.
Policy-making by experts without pub-
lie is what gotus into such
disasters as Vietnam.'
Judge Albert V. Bryan Jr. has or-
dered the C.I.A. to produce reasons
for its 225 deletions in the Marchetti
manuscript, and to clear some experts
whO can help Marchetti argue against
them. This has,brought pretests from
the C.I.A. director, William E. Colby,
who wants a secret hearing to tell the
judge why he can't do that
A certain -skepticism about Mr.
Colby is in order. He helped to create,
that sinister C.I.A. . operation, the
Phoenix program, to arrest, torture ;
arid assassinate suspected dissidents
in Vietnam; he may understandably
prefer darkness to light s
In fact, it would be awkward to
have to justify classifications to a
court. But the trouble lies in a system
that classifies everything important as
a secret. Marchetti and Marks are rea-
sonable men and might well have
agreed if they had been asked to drop
two or three references in serious
-current intelligence matters. Instead,
the C.I.A. went to court with its dan-
gerous broadside argument.
Everyone who works on classified
material promises not to tiisclose it If
that "contract" can bring an injunc-
tion 3i6ars later, free speech will have
been drastically reduced. When some
-official - resigns from Governrcent in
;disagreenient with, say, the invasion
of Cambodia, lie will not only have his
;telephone tapped; Henry Kissinger will
try to enjoin him from expressing his'
disagreement. It would he hard to
overrate the davit- rif oen
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WASHINGTON POST
22 DEC 1973
CIA Justification Ordered
Ex-Intelligence Men
Win Round on Book-
? Two 'former government in-
telligence officers won a pre-
liminary round in their legal
fight to restore censorship de-
letions by the Central
Intelli-
genc?gency in a manuscript
describing operations of the
!agency.
I U.g. District Court Judge
: Albert V. Bryan Jr. in Alexan-
dria ordered the government
to produce documents to sup-
port the 225 security deletions
it made in the book manu-
script of iormer Central Intel-
ligence Agency official Victor
Marchetti and former State
Department intelligence offi-
cer John Marks.
The CIA, in ordering the de-
letions under a previous U.S.
Court of Appeals order, said
four of its deputy directors
had decided that the deleted
matter violated security classi-
fication. But the government
produced no documents to
support the decisions.
The M'archetti-Marks manu-
script, entitled "CIA, the Cult
of Intelligence" and scheduled
for publication by Knopf, de-
? scribed specific and poten-
tially controversial operations
lof the CIA's Clandestine Divi-
sion over a period of years.
It reportedly goes into the
CIA's dealings with prominent
foreign leaders as well as
"black' intelligence opera-
tions abroad. ?
Yesterday's decision by,
Judge Bryan requires that
Knopf-s ' lawyer, Floyd
Abrams be given, clearance to
examine deieted portions of
the manuscript, a move thern
government opposed.
It also requires the govern-
ment to clear former National
Security Council staffer Mor-
ton Halperin for access to the
material in the book that the
government claims to be clas-
sified.
The two authors asked that :
?Halperin serve as a witness to
help pass on the government's
classification of the manu-
script from a national security
standpoint.
Halperin, a witness in the
Pentagon papers case. is cur-
rently suing See.row. ofl
State Henry A. Kissitiv_vr fori
damages in the government
security tapping of Halperin's
phone between May, 19G9, and
February. 1971.
Marchetti and Marks also
named Kissinger as a defend-
ant in their countersuit
against the government. The
State Department is seeking
to enjoin Marks, formerly an
officer in the State Depart-
ment's Bureau of Intelligence
and Research, from publishing
material gathered during his
period of government service
without prior official review.
;WASHINGTON- POST ednesdaY. lam 9.1974'
CIA Doubles I
Air America
Asia Awards
Azsoclated Press
, Rep. Les Aspin (D-Wis.) said
, yesterday that defense con-
tracts for Air America, which
has done work for the Central
Intelligence Agency in Indo-
oldna, more than doubled last
year to a total of $41.4 million.
, "Apparently, unknown to the
American public, the CIA has
'taken up some of the slack
greeted by our military- with-
drawal," said Aspin, a former
Pentagon economic adviser.
"Without a doubt," he said,
,"the contracts reflect sub-
stantial US. involvement . ip
,the Southeast Asia war:" and
that's the last thing we want."
Aspin said nearly all con-
tracts were for ? Air. America
operations out of Thailand or
for maintenance work on
planes based in Thailand.
The CIA and Air America
had no comment, '
Aspin said the $41.4 million
In contracts, compared with
411.7 million the year before,
moved Air America's parent
company, Pacific Corp., up to
the 91st in the ranking of de-
contractors.
_
*r&a:Eficalox POST?
, Jam 5, Z974
?
naturt? ? .
"Comp" with I.7(..'.;??
pects of the eourt's order
ntets x-
posea additional highly (..ia,'7.?n*-
ottrt plaintiffs
fled infatuadon not t?.?;:17:..
14-to their expel t
BY Laurence S "
The one espext
?
wasaittitonftstlittstw7aer eualifded
Central Intelligence Agency?
Director William P.. Colby
intervened directly In a co
battle over a book man
that he said would pompre-1
adze higbly sensitive
intelli-
ence Sources and operations.
The CIA director, in an a1l!!
davit filed Wednesday in U.7
District Court in Alexandria,
offered to testify in private
before Judge Albert V. Bryan
?Jr.- in support rf the .govern-
ment's efforts to prevent pub-
lication of 225 deletions or-
dered by the agency on secu-
rity grounds:
Colby asserted that the dig-
Closures in the Manuscript by
two former government intel-
ligence offieete would "cause
serious harm ie the national,
defense interests of the
United States and will seri-
ously disrupt the conduct of
this country's foreign rela-
tions." /
The authors of the manu-
script, former CIA analyst
Victor L. Marchetti and for-
mer State Department intelli-
gence Official John D. Marks,
are challenging the ,basis of
the CIA's security deletions.
This could lead to a new legal
battle on the issses of govern-
mental secrezy powers that
were thrashed out in the Pen-
tagon Papers trial, which was
decided by the Supreme
Court; ? -
Specifically, the government,
has asked Bryan US reconsider
his Dec. 21 ruling requiring
'the CIA to produce documents
supporting its classification of
the 225 offending items in the granted an
Nlarehetti-Marks manuseript, vent Marchetti trrn
entitled "The CIA and the ing, without Prior
Cult of Intelligence." ? the agezzeY,
(
Attorneys for the govern- gathered during CT.A
rnent also asked Bryan to re- :The ininnctirm WES
consider his order that attor- the DS. Pourth ,T.C17:ettit Ccift
nen for the publisher, Knopf, of Appeals,
and expert witnesses on class'. After Marchetti, cn
fication be given access;to the ration with Marks, eozmei?1,1,11
manuscript,- which :the CIA the manuscript and
has classified "Top SecretSeti- it for CIA review 1)23
shove." ? authors went eitec,.1
In his affidavit, Colby said gal challenge uf
of theBryan ruling: , lions ordered by the
'Production of additional In their choilenge ee-
alivujiiiritis-- as 'ordered by
the multi, actions the twe? '.:Llt.n7
court causes additional diffi- are seeking to
Dec. 21' .decision
National Security C.
r -
ler. Morton
served na pert offiv,!
team for Daniel
his California trial.
is also eurrentlfe
tarp of State Eaa
singer for danaagcs
ing af his telepb.ez,e
to 1971.
In requesting tazs
hearing before
? reconsideration
cited the language PI ?.,?
National Security Att,
provides that 'the
Central Intellieca,..1. *Lt.
responsible for -7..,-;????,?:;',-..
telligence soce.1..te,?
thods from 12.MTIZ=
closure."
The CIA titszE.;.E;_'
he 113 ;4perscz.q.ai:
able of 7,NY17.,7
leaked prk7-12seezi
information,
publication c4).
fore a gra 2/6
the Watergi.t,...
.Earlier this
'Jack Anderson
scripts of grand
inge in the WatEnet.
gation.
The goverruzie)ni:
case ageiret
April, 1972, aitc.a.
; copy of a bock
;.submitted to
York publishers, it
covert gen.
The goverrom.::
st ',.??
elates for the Central Intelli- ?
andard applied
gence Agency. These addi-
tional documents will in most
cases contain further elassi-
Bed information and in many
cases are of a highly sensitive
20
preme Court in tee -.Pe
Papers case wh-efri.??:;:????
cation would "31:12'5:Z5t,,Ii:.
di recti immediate and
able injury to the natio:, oz. ?,74
people
But the case
moved
on to .Als
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Poster 1
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New Yorks. Times
11 Jan. 19Th
C, LA HEAD LOSES
APPEAL TO JUDGE
Court Deifies Him a Private
Hearing in Suit Over Book
- Agency Seeks to Censor
By LESLEY ?ELSNER
(Weal to The New York Theo
_WASHINGTON; Jan. 10 ?
A Federal -district judge has
turned down the request of the
Director of Central Intelligente
for a chance to testify about -a
book that the agency is trying
to censor. He also ...upheld a,
ruling that he had made earl-1
ier ordering the agency to turn!
over certain documents, to the.
book's authors and publisher
and their expert witnesses. :
The book, whose co-author
is a former employe- of the
agency, reportedly contends
that the agency has been
"absolutely unsuccessful" ' in
gathering information about
the Russians through tradi-
tional. espionage techniques,
but that it has been "very ef-
fective" in the so-called third-
world nations.
The same Federal judge, Al-
bert V: Bryan Jr. of the Dis-
trict Court in Alexandria, Va.,
ruled in 1972 that the former
C.I.A. workers, Victor L. Mar-
chetti. inust submit his manu-
script to the C.I.A. for ap-
proval before publication.
But both he and the United
States Court of Appeals left
open the possibility of challeng-
ing any changes that the
agency might want to make,
and last fall, after the manu-
script had been submitted and
the agency specified 225 -delee
tions, Mr. Marchetti and his co-
author, John Marks, filed their
lawsuit.
Plea Made Last Week.
The C.I.A. director, William
E. Colby, made his request for
a closed-door hearing last
week, after Judge Bryan, at the
request of the authors, had or-
dered the agency' to provide
certain material the
authors, their publisher and
their expert witnesses.
The authors and flie publish-
er had argued that they needed
the material to prepare their
lawsuit. - -
Mr. Colby told Judge Bryan,
in a three-page affidavit. that-
the material covered by the
ruling was "highly classified"
and that the ruling could thus
lead to "serious harm to the
national defense interest of the
United States."
. He specifical!y objected to
fact that thc jige had or-
dered the ageiur to turn over
the classifie not ord
to the au.tiiors their pub-
lisher, Alfred -.A; 1nbpf.
but also to their security ex-
perts ? a groujeincluding l?feere
ton H. Halperin, a former con-
sultant to the.National Security
Council and a former Deputy
Assistant Secretary of Defense.
The authors and, the publisher,
had contended that they
needed the experts' advice andi
opinions to contest the specific
deletions that the C.I.A. de-
manded.Mr, Colby, however,
said in his affidavit that if the
experts were allowed to see
the material, the information
might be "leaked" to. the pulir,
But Judge Bryan, in a deci-
sion filed in court yesterday
and received by attorneys in
the case today, stood by his
original ruling requiring the
production of the documents.
In a- two-page ruling, he re-
jected Mr. Colby's request for
reconsideration of the matter
and for a chance to explain
his request. In addition, he de-
nied the C.I.A.'s alternative re-
quest fhat he allow the original
ruling to be appealed.
Judge Bryan said that the
authors and publisher needed
the material to challenge "the
fact" that the 225 items were,?
as the C.IA, contends, classified
material and also to determine
whether information in the
book, as the authors contend,
has already been made public
and is thus not properly clas-
sified as secret.
"The plaintiffs," he said,
"may need expert assistance in
inquiring into these matters."
Judge Bryan also said that
the persons to whom the in-
formation was to 'be disclosed
would be covered by-a "protec-
tive order" forbidding them to
makethe material public. He
pointed out that certain classi-
fied material had already
been turned over during the
litigation. e
They, too, were covered by
a protective order, he said,,
"and there is no suggestion thati
any such orders have been vi-
olated."
Judge Bryan ordered Mr..
Colby and the C.I.A. to comply/
with his order "forthwith."
David Anderson, the Justicej
Department attorney who isi
now in charge of the 'Govern-
ment's defense in the case, said I
this afternoon that he had not
yet had a chance to study thel
ruling and thus could not say,
when the documents would be
produced.
Judge Bryan's initial rulingi
ordering Mr. Marchetti to sub-I
mit the manuscript to the(
agency before publication wasi
based on a pledge of secrecy'
that he signed when he joined I
.the agency in -1955.
21
WASHINGTON POST
9 JAN 1974
y
Press...ing .Dow.ni
A Commentary
?
By Nicholas von Hoffman
At a moment when most people believe that the
media has gotten the government off its back, the corn-I
munications industry is in deep trouble with the courts, i
the Justice Department and the Federal Communica-
tions Commission. CBS has gone so far as to say that ;
the department is executing an "unlawful plan ,to use
the power ahd machinery of the federal government
to restrain, intimidate and inhibit criticism" of the
administration.
Whether or not you want to go that far, publishers
and broadcasters are being forced to spend such huge
amounts of money in litigation that, winr or lose, they
may decide that risking disapproval in Washington is
too expensive. ?
? The CIA for the first time in our *history has suc-
ceeded in getting a court to place a prior restraint on
the publication of a book. Written by Victor Marchetti
and john Marks, former employees of the CIA and
State Department, respectively, the printing of "The
CIA and The Cult of Intelligence" has been held up
for so many months it may have lost much of its time-.
liness and commercial value. That's nothing compared
to what has had to be spent on legal fees 'fighting the
case. The president of Random House, Robert Bernstein,
says he's going to get the book out one way or another,
even if that means printing it with blank spaces indi-
cating the hundreds of cuts ordered by the government
censors.
LONDON DAILY 11E,LEGRAPII
7 JAN 1974
C I A planned
to bug
family pets
By RICHARD BEESTON
in Washington
? THE C I A planned to?
secrete bugging devices
in, household pets, it is re-
vealed in a hook written
by a former C I A anaylist
and-a former State Depart-
ment official.
The idea was 'dropped when
it was realised that it was not
possible to ensure that the does
or -cats would be near while
Their owners were saying any-
thing worth recording.
Deletion of the revelation is
one of over 200, the C I A want-
eto make in the book because,
it says, they will compromise
. highly sensitive intelligence
sources and operations.
The head of the C I A. Mr
William Colby. has new intere
vened directly in a court battle
over the manuscript of the
. book. The C 1 A and the Cult
of Intelligence.--
He is supporting Government
efforts to prevent publication of
225 deletions ordered by the
C I A.
The book is written by Mr
Victor Marchetti. the former
analyst and Mr John Marks. for-
mer State Department intelli-
gence official.
Dirty tricks
-The book asserts that temp-
thirds of the CIA's monev and
-manpower is- devoted to covert
activities in the form of " dirty
tricks" and paramilitary opera.
.tion-s, and provides fresh
material for ridicule.
. What is more disturbine for
the CI A in the book -is that it
lists its ties with foreign politi-
cal leaders.. One is an allegation
that Signor Fanfani, former
Italian Prime Minister, allegedly
requested one million dollars
from the agency to strengthen
his campaign against the Italian
Left. ?
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E NEW YORE TIMES, TUESDAY; DECEMBER '18, 1973
News Officials Oppose Any Links of Correspondents to
,
BY hIAB,., 7111q.?11)
Many. or ' mayor "neuis,
gathering organizations ? say
that they would discharge im-
mediately tny correspondent
who was also found to be work-
ing for the Central Intelligence
genes%
Their stands ? were made
known following the recent dis-
closure that the CI.g. had about
thme dozen American Pews-
man Working alirond on,its
?ayroll as undercover infor-
mants or- as full-time intelli-
gence.agents who use journa-
lism as their cover.
In addition, over the years,
the agency has attempted to
recruit newsmen working in
the United States to supply it
with domestic intelligence. I
Interviews with news officials'
indicated that the idea that
newsmen would 'work for any
goviernment agency, includin
the CLA., was profoundly dis-
turbing for news-gathering or-
ganizations for it raised the
question of the credibility
? the news that such an 'agent-
? journalist would file. -
Opposition by the A.P.
? Keith Fidler, vice president
and assistant general manager
of the Associated Press said,
"We would not permit it for
one moment. We don't want
out people working for any
government agency, under any
circumstances."
The Associated Press has
nearly 800 full-time employes
working overseas, and nearly
850 "stringers" ? joiimaiists
who usually work for them-
selves and sell news articles,;
oke 'at a time, to news organi-
zations.
Most foreign news that ap-
pears in American newspapers
and -is reported on radio and
television here is supplied by
either The Associated Pres e or
the United Press Internatkinal.
which has about 600 full-time
employes overseas. Both organ-
izations said that they would
immediately dismiss any corre-
titnethe'foliicieito bte
"Tm satisfied that none of
.people ere, involved With
the C-I-A.47 said IL I.. Steven.;
son, U,P.L managing editor.
"And our Washington manager
is satisfied that we are dear.
e would very promptly' dis-
charge anyone who,. was in--
volved." -.
In
In response to queries, the
C.I.A. has assured The New
York Times, where dismiesai
would, be immediate, and
magaiine and The Washington
Star-News, among others, that'
their correspondents' were not
connected with the agency.
But Fred , Taylor, managing
editor of The Wall Street Jour-
nal, said that the agency Would
not admit it if it had a valu-
able agent who was also a
newsman. ?
"A reporter has to be objec-
tive, and can't serve two mas-
ters;" Mr. Taylor said. "So far
we're taking on good faith that
our people are ;not involved,
But. it's risky in. organizations
.which have n ItA of people
,overseas. Sooner -yr 'later, en
agent-journalist would, be dis-
covered, however."' At The
Wall Street Journal such a
nelvsman would be dismissed
immediately.
William E. Colby, Director
of. Central Intelligence, has in-
dicated that full-time staff cor-
respondents working for gener-
al circulation news-gathering
organizations will be -Phased
out of CIA. work, but that
about 30 others?mostly agents
who work abroad as free-lance
writers and stringers?will con-
tinue to be inaintiiined. -
" Malcolm W. IiroWne, 'a New
York Times foreign correspond-
'ent, said that when he was
Working for U.P.I. in Saigon
there were a'number? of foreign
correspondents he. 'believed
were working at least, in part;
for .the agency, - -? - ,
The problem of correspon-
dents working for the agency
is also somewhat confused by
ITEPI YORK TIMES
4 NOV 1973
Give Us This Day
To the Editor:
In regard to Trumbull Hig-
gins's comment on "Give Us
This Day," which describes the
Bay of Pigs expedition of 1961,
permit me to point out that
among his errors is the assump-
tion that we were bent on
"restoring the old' regime."
Nothing of the kind. Both the
Cuban-exile, political/military
leaders and the Brigade mem-
bers detested Batista. My book
fully describes the non-Batista,
non-Castrista makeup of the
Cuban Revolutionary Council,
which was to have formed the
post-Castro provisional govern-
ment. ?
So Lieut.-Gen. Charles Ca-
the very-riature- of the 'or-
respondent's bosiness. That IS,
in the gatherinrof news, it is
acoeptable.journalistic prac-
tice to have " contacts within
the agency:' .. '
"There's hardly a career car-,
respondent who doesn't have
his CIA. contacts, and it's a
two-way street sometimet ?i
the correspondent and the agen
simply must exchange inform
tion,' - Mr. Browne said. "Just
as a correspondent must ex.;
,change information sometimes
With an Ambassador."
.A spot check of five New
i York 'limes correspondents re-.
, cently allowed that two of them
said that they did not believe
that they had come in contact
with any agent-journalists dur-
ing their work., while three
were pretty well convinced that
they had, although both re-1
ptirted they racked proof.
One Times correspondent.
Juan de Onis, said that when he
worked- ha Latin America and
South America there "were
some rAmerican , journalists]
who seemed to have developed
unusually close relations, which
have served the agency in put-
ting out its line." ,
Communist Role Hinted
He said that he felt the
agency tried to use correspond-
ents to manage the news--,
that is, to write articles reflect-
ing the desires of the agent's,.
I During the reyolution in the
Dominican Republic in 1965,
'Mr.- de Onis and this reporter
Were approached by an 'agent
of the C.I.A. who had with
him a 'large pile of documents.
The documents were pur-
ported by the agent to have
been stolen by the agency from
the. , headquarters of what the
United States Government call-
ed the Communist party in the
Dominican Republic, and they
showed ? that the Dominican
Republic, and they showed that
the Dominican revolution was
being conducted on orders from
Communists in Europe. This
'Iwas the Johnson Administra-
bell was Deputy Director of the
C.I.A. in 1954? Let your re-
viewer check his files. And
where did "Operation El Diab-
lo" come from? True, we had a
project name for the overthrow
of the Arbenz Government in
Guatelama .. but "El Diablo"
is far from it, and fanciful to
boot.
, Higgins indicts me for not.
knowing what was going on at
the top levels in Washington,
suggesting that I could have
made "a more damaging attack
upon (my) enemies" had I con-
centrated on that confused
scene. As a field agent, I had
no possible means of learning
that "Kennedy had gutted the
National Security Council." I
was in Florida and Central
America, not at a .Washington
thin's contention.
Mr. De Onis, an expert on
Latin American affairs, 'Idea
dined to write such an article
because, he said, there Was no
y to determine vihether or
not the documents warel
uthentic. ,
Perhaps even tolicbier is thei
subject of domestic newseeper-a
men working for the agenc;,,r,
which is proscribed by law
from intelligence operations
within the United State-s.
Several 'years ago, for in-
stance, a New York Times re-1
porter who worked- :ha New
York City visited the agee,-yF,
headquarters in 1.nrigley,
to get information for an arti-
cle he was preparing. During
the interviews he was told by
CIA. personnel a great deal
about the inner workings' of
The Times ? information that
had not previously been pub-
lished elsewhere. .
And some years before that
a repeater for a large and
newspaper-h' the ME-
tile West was approached by
the business agent for C
labor unit.
The business agent told Fon,
in strict confidancs. that 'le
also worked for the CIA., that
a uniOn -official he ottenEOf
a great number
labor meetings 'or "L:oii!.
ca and that he repoio.
on those meetings to
agency.
The official then asked the
reporter, who covered labor
news, if he would be Willing
to prepare similar reports for
the agency about "labor doings
in the Middle West." For this
service, the reporter recalled,
he was assured that periodical.
13" the egency- would deposit
Money, great amounts, in
the reportee..a ? bank- account.
The reporter tuined down the
offer, but tried unsuccessfully
to determine whether at not
ithe agenct, had actually
-made ?
e
desk. However, I saw the re-
sults of that "gutting," and the
far-reaching aftermath of the
Brigade's betrayal . . . So did
1300 men of Brigade 2506.
Despite Higgins's cavil that
"no mere improvement in tech-.
niques works very well," the
historical fact is that the popu-
lace of the Bay of Pigs region
quickly swung over to the in-
vaders . . . until remaining
Castro air power deprived the,
Brigade of all matilriel essential ,
.to sustaining its inland drive. ,
The United States (then per-
sonified by the New Frontier) '
first hesitated then abandoned
the invasion Brigade: It bugged .
out. And the world is the worse
for that monumental cowardice. I
E. HOWARD HUNT 311.
New Rochelle, N. Y.
22
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CHICAGO TRIBUNI
2 1 DEC 1973
Dona!ti Kirk
Reporters who work for the CIA ?
LANGLEY, Va. ? The sign on the
George Washington Parkway says
"CIA" in white letters on green paint
and no apologies for the lack of secrecy.
It wasn't always that way. Until a year
ago, before James Schlesinger, now
'defense secretary, was director of the
agency, you had to poke around asking
the local gas station operator where
was the CIA, and he told you to turn
at this little sign that said "Fairbanks
Bill Anderson continues on vacation.
The writer of todoy's column, Donald
Kirk, is The Tribune's Far Eastern cor-
respondent who is , currently in the
United States. ?
. .
Highway Research Center." You got a -
feeling of ? real inside knowledge end
even power as you swung off the park-
way, down a pleasant country-looking
lane, and past the big wire fence sur-
.rounding the sprawling layout enshrin-
ing the castle of all spookdom.
That research center cover, as Schle-
singer had the good taste to realize,
?was a rather childish joke, since the
Russian KGB agents no doubt speak
idiomatic enough English to elicit the
same material from the same gas sta-
tion operator, who doubtless is a good
patriot even if not sworn to protect the
nation's secrets. It was an even better
joke, it seemed to me, when I called
the CIA headquarters the other day and
HUMAN EVENTS
22 Dec. 1973
7 ? _
McgA S (cry
In one of the more remarkable-
breaches of intelligence service ethics:
Director of Central Intelligence William
E. Colby established, if nothing else,
his amatuer standing by ordering a re-
view of 40 full-time American journal-
ists abroad who have also acted .for- the
CIA, being paid for their services.
This was pre?"iously front-paged by
the New York Times, which reported
that no regular staff correspondent of
major daily newspapers with regular
overseas bureaus were involved, and
"no more than five are full-time cor-
respondents with general circulation
news coverage."
? Quite apparently, the supposed breach
of ethics is in the American newsmen
accepting money from their own govern-
ment; gaining information from foreien
sources and giving it to the CIA is not
unethical. It is plain that the CIA
means to continue to follow this prac-
tice of swapping information with- un-
got this' strange klunking on the line. I
figured it was one of those wiretapping
gadgets I'd been reading about in the
papers, but then the man I was talking
to at the agency asked me what was
this klunking?the people at the agency
had been trying to work it out for days.
I said I didn't know, I thought it was
one of their new toys, I didn't play with
tape-recorders myself and had every
sympathy with Ms. Woods for her in-
ability to work the. machine right, I'm
sure I would have made the same mis-
take. "Ha, ha, ha," said the man on
the line, who otherwise requested that
he not be quoted, which was just as
well anyway because he turned very
serious and uninformative when I got
down to the question that I had really
wanted answered .in the,. first place:
What was the CIA doing employing
newsmen as "agents," as reported in
the. papers. The man on the line said
the CIA was not talking about that
topic, but I could still come around for
, a chat.
Of course, why not, but I wondered
about the quid pro quo: What was I
expected to give in return, and I re-
membered various correspondents whom
I had known in Indochina who always
seemed first in line for those intimate
little seances ,with . four-star generals
and "station chiefs" while.- the rest of
us were left grasping at the sleeves of
lieutenant colonels and second secre-
taries. Sometimes these correspondents
didn't write as much as one would have
expected from such easy access, 1and.1
I'm sure some of them did regard it
as altogether *fitting to pass along in-
formation on the "two-way street"
theory.
But what about this "two-way street"
theory, anyway? Aren't we, as taxpay-
ers, writing for taxpayers, entitled to
access to top-level, unclassified infor-
mation without giving in return? I think
so. I don't think there should be any
quid pro quo at all. I think it's immoral,
unethical and stupid to suggest, as did
the curator of the Nieman Foundation
in an article for the New York Times
Magazine a Sunday or two ago, that a
reporter should give information in order
to get it.
Because once you start buying the
two-way street theory, a few of us get
carried away and start selling informa- '
tion. Oh, perhaps we get nothing more
than free lunches and sweet smiles in
return, but then a few of us, a very few,
start getting more?like money. And
then the whole press corps, the whole
true-blue, all-American concept of a free
press, is undermined and prostituted
and "way of life" and everything else
that a "patriot" who sells himself to
the CIA might claim to uphold is lost.
So I told this. unnam.ed guy that I
thought the CIA should clear the names
of the vast majority of American cor-
respondents by releasing the names of
those who were "agents." He didn't
want me to quote him, but he did let ,
out a big laugh. "Ha, ha, ha."
ehind P CIA and Newsmen Alirc(7.A
By ERNEST CUNEO
paid sources.
Nothing more crippling to an intel-
ligence service can be imagined than
"breaking the cover" of an agent it re-
cruits into ? its service. Among other
things, it might well cost the agent his
life. For a second consideration, no pro-
fessional worth his salt will deal with an
Organization which does not protect his
cover.
? In breaking this blanket cover, the
greatest disservice has been done our
country. However, it is nothing new.
.Congress has been doing it for some
time.
Such exposure, moreover, is a farce.
This is because most of the foreign news
agencies controlled by their governments
operating in Washington are thereby dis-
guised intelligence operations----fully
protected by American freedom of the
press.
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They roam Washington, asking ques-
tions which their embassies cannot; and
form close relationships with key people.
Actually, American security is so bad
that some of our key military secrets
have been printed in our public. press,
. as for example, the hull designs of our '
atomic subs. and the fact that we could
track Russian subs.
But, having made donkeys of ourselves
by. publicly admitting the use-of a paltry:
40 stringers abroad, ,another question
arises. To what extent have the Com-
munists and the British. for example, ,
penetrated our great dalies and news.
services?
In the past, they have penetrated the!
highest places. Walter Lippmann's sec-
retary was revealed to have the sharpest
Communist connections: a Communist
wormed himself into the late Drew .Pear-
son's staff. How close was Hanoi to
the sympathetic mercies of the U.S.
press?
Certainly, the New York Times is not
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17 DEC 1973
Unlikely at imst ?
?.?
ommunist. but Fidel Castro won its
onfidence to the point that the Times
ssured the nation that Castro wasn't
ommunist either.
Certain it is also that time and time
again, the U.S. press and the U.S.
Congress informed Hanoi in advance
of American troop movements, weap-
onry and objectives.
According to one commanding gen-
eral to which this reporter has spoken,.
CBS-faked Vietnam news was a scandal..
In any event, we cannot help but note
that it would be a triumph for any 'for-
eign intelligence officer to get the head of
CIA and U.S. newspapers to expose the
CIA newspaper apparatus operating
abroad.
Wouldn't it be interesting, now, if
CIA revealed how the foreign intelli-
gence systems are operating in the
United States?
It is to be noted, of course, that the
best of all foreign agents are those in
high places who do not realize that. they,
are being used. "Nothing is more use-'
ful," said Nikolai Lenin, "than a useful
idiot." In diplomacy, idiots are called
"innocents." The history of U.S. diplo-
mats?and some of the press?for the
past 25 years has been "innocents
abroad."
North American Newspaper Alliance
WASHINGTON STAR
1 9-DEC 1973
Lettevs to the Editor
'Reporters as Spies'
- -
Newsmen spies?
k
By DONALD IL Moms
Post News Analyst
A recent news story claims that 30 or 40
American newsmen are CIA agents, and that
at least five of them are staff employees of a
major wire service, a syndicate or a specific
pewspaper. ? ?
Editorial?comrtient Was brisk, with the usual
outraged indignation interspersed by rumbl-
ings from various quarters that any reporter
found moonlighting for the CIA. would shortly
be an ex-reporter. ,
The exact nature of the sensitivity was not
spelled out, but obviously stemmed from a
fear that a connection with the CIA would
somehow corrupt the writer's copy. This
would take the form of a covert effort by the
! CIA to plant or influence stories in the domes-
tic media, and in the absence of any known
method of proving it does not do so, the CIA
must live with what is a natural and lively'
anxiety. ?
In point of fact, the Agency Is forbidden by
law to tamper with the .domestic media (al-
though not with foreign muciial, and several
promising black propa,!anda operations over
the years have been abandoned because they
were picked up by the domestic-press. It is dif-
ficult ? if not impossible ? to convince the
public, but the outlines of most such covert
? activities abroad are knowii to a wide circle
of officials, including numerous members of
both houses of Congress. and there would be
immediate repercussions if the Agency ever
sailed over the line.
In further 'point of fact, the Agency Itself
has barred agent recruitments among numer-
-8IR: I was amazed to read Oswald Johnston's
article about American journalists doubling as CIA
contacts.
Could it be.true that there are three dozen Amer-
ican journalists who can be considered loyal
enough to their country and its well-being that they
would be employed by the CIA? After reading
Washington newspapers for the past 20 years, I
can't believe that there could be 36 people in the
news field who would consider helping ther coun-
try instead of dragging it over the cbals incessant-
ly as is the practice of the great majority of the
correspondents in this area.
. It is my deep belief that most newspeople will
stop at nothing to get a story. Example: A Star-
News article about possible CIA activities in Rus-
sia. Have the editors thought of the consequences
to American agents behind the Iron Curtain as a
result of such a story? Their lives are certainly
worth more than a news item. Do newsmen ever
consider the morality of using informants and un-
derhanded methods to achieve their goals; or is
there a double standard in which the process is
wrong only when used by their opponents ? name-
ly, government agents or agencies.?
You assure the American people that in local
ous categories, for obvious reasons. These in;
elude clerics of all descriptions, Red Cross
workers, Peace Corps personnel, Fulbright
scholars ? and American journalists. The flap
potential in using such agents far outweighs
any utility the agent might have.
Tradecraft literature makes heavy use of'
"foreign correspondents" for its protagonists,
there bei.ig. something inordinately dramatic
in their public image. They are., actually, of
remarkably little use in clandestine oper-
ations. Covert collection depends on recruiting
someone who has completely natural access.0
the information you are after ? newsmen
abroad are highly conspicuous and do rt
have "natural" access. They must push for
their interviews, and. when they get them they!
are in an overt information-gathering role. ,
In most, countries, moreover, American
newsmen d6 not havq access to figures Ameri-
can officials do not have access to themselves,
and in either event the figure being inter-
viewed knows he is talking "for the record."
He is, if anything, more apt to let his hair
down. with a colleague than he is for a report-
er whose object is to publish the inr.,rview.
There is, therefore, very little that th, .lews-
? man can do for the intelligence colnr.;ity in
his professional capacity. What utility he
might have stems from his presence as an
American abroad, which would permit him to
perform such support functions as engineering
introductions or' providing background infor-
mation about his contacts - and such tasks
can be performed by other support agents.
CIA-journalist contacts, the integrity of neither the
Star-News nor its correspondent was compro-
mised. There are those of us who would worry
more whether the integrity of the CIA agent had,
been compromised by such a contact.
Sally B. Erwin. ?
* * * *
SIR: Reporter Johnston has joined the growing
ranks of our best investigative reporters.
? ,By revealing massive CIA subversion of our free
press, Johnston may also have identified the
"leaks" that eluded the "Plumbers." ?
President Nixon told us last May that "leaks of
secret information" relating to any one of "a num-
ber of highly sensitive foreign policy initiatives
. . . could endanger all." This appeared to mean
he wished newsmen to rely exclusively on policy
officials and official news offices for their informa-
tion on foreign affairs.
Johnston now tells us about "the quiet, informal
relationship" between CIA officials and "many
reporters working at home and abroad and editors
who for their part maintain regular contact with
CIA officials in the routine performance of their
journalistic duties."
Further investigative reporting in this area
might embarrass many individuals, but it might
illuminate how all the news media have been ex-
ploited by dirty tricksters and purveyors of raw,
unevaluated "intelligence."
This might also force the press to cease identify-
ing their CIA sources in their articles as "Depart-
ment of State officials."
John J. Harter.
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24
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SIR: Your 'editorial, "Reporters as Spies" as-
serted that if "there are trade publications which
do not object to the recruiting of their overseas
writers (by the.CIA), that is their business and no
concern of ours."
This seems to imply a double standard of repor-
torial integrity ? a high level one for press asso-
ciations and daily newspapers and a low level, or
none at all, for trade publications.
In some 40 years of reporting and writing for
trade publications, as well as daily newspapers, I
was never aware that trade publications demand-
ed less integrity. It seems to me the Star-News
would better serve the cause of decent journalism
if it would condemn all reportorial duplicity, not
merely that which involves one class of publica-
tions.
And, how about the Star-News' own. Jerry
O'Leary and the CIA? Your explanation of that
wasn't very convincing. _ .
Stephens Rippey..
*
SIR: When the lead editorial in a major metro-
politan daily has as its topic some aspect of jour-
nalism, one expects that here, at least, the author
is well-informed on his subject. It was therefore.
with growing amazement and even disbelief that I
read "Reporters as Spies".
Surely you are aware that many, if not most,
"stringers" or "freelance" correspondents are
part-time writers and depend for their living upon
some other lull-time job. I have always thought
NEW YORK POST
19 December 1973
James A. _
Wechsler
SECRET PRESS AGENTS
It has long been an open secret in the newspaper fra-
ternity that qie Central 'intelligence Agency was providing
clandestine subsidy for a number of needy or greedy Ameri-
can journalists laboring in foreign lands. Such men (and
women) were pledged, of course, to the secret rituals of the
agency; moreover, in most cases, their home-office employ-
ers would have taken a dim view of these CIA connections.
One result of this condition was that some wholly inno-
cent characters fell under suspicion when their life-styles
became conspicuously affluent. Sometimes they were the
beneficiaries of the care and feeding of weatlhy ladies in the
countries to which they were assigned; being gentlemen of
the Fourth Estate, they were naturally unprepared to reveal
how they had suddenly raised their standards of living.
But others were indeed CIA agents, and occasionally
their patterns of behavior left little doubt about their under-
cover assignments. Nevertheless, it was only recently that
CIA director William Colby, after reviewing the agency's
press network, admittedly found that some 40 full-time cor-
respondents, free-lancers and representatives of trade pub-
lications were also CIA hands regularly remunerated for
their services.
When word of these findings leaked out, stirring nega7
tive noises in the media, Colby announced that he would
reorganize the structure. He should have buried it.
Tinder the new CIA formula, the agency will gradually
dispense with the aid of full-time correspondents working
for general circulation news-gathering organizations. But it
will continue to subsidize some 30 characters who use the
cover of free-lance magazine writers, newspaper "stringers"
(contributors paid for individual dispatches to publications
and news services) and roaming authors. It will also retain
eight writers employed by specialized periodicals,-including
trade journals, most of whose "moonlighting" activities are
known to their editors.
While the revised setup will reduce the amount Of
fakery in which journalism is an accomplice, it will not elim-
inate the disease. Nor will it undo the damage inflicted on
the whole profession of foreign correspondence by official
confirmation that so many have been tainted by this tie-up.
Some papers and agencies with large foreign staffs
have taken pains to obtain?and publish?assurances from
Colby that none of their writers are or have been on the
Approved For
that material submitted by free-lance correspon-
dents was accepted or rejected on such bases as
accuracy, timeliness, and quality of writing. Now
you would have me believe that it is equally impor-
tant that the correspondent not be a CIA agent, or
presumably a pimp, pusher, or bank robber, or
have some other such unsavory primary method of
earning his livelihood.
The full-time CIA agent overseas is a Civil Serv-
ice employe, and his pay and allowances are there-
fore none too generous considering the risks he
t.ayes and the time and effort he putS in on the
job. If in the course of this activity he learns things
of interest to the American public, and if he has the
time, talent, and energy to write about them well,
on time and accurately, whey should he not earn a
few extra dollars by doing so?
Considering the heavy emphasis the CIA places
on "security' I would expect it to be CIA Director
Colby, not the press, who would object to "spies as
reporters."
Joseph M. Struve.
* * * *
SIR: The American people can Only benefit from
the perception and courage demonstrated by the
Star-News in unmasking CIA manipulation of the
press.
The long-term benefits will be measureable by
the CIA response to your injunction to "go further'
in de-pentrating the media.
John J. Harter.
Bowie, Md.
CIA payroll. But such isolated testimonials of purity do not
clear the air. Probably nothing less than .a full Congressional
inquiry that firmly established the scope of the practice and
identified the participants could achieve that.
I recognize there are moral problems in obliging the
agency to embarrass some who accepted its largesse in what
they considered to be good faith?or even viewed themselves
as a breed of superpatriot. That, they deceived their editors
and readers and compromised elementary journalistic prin-
ciple may be called part of the price we all are paying for
the catch-all defense of "national security" too long toler-
ated in many areas of the media. But it is a very high price.
In any case, minimal redress for this shabby era re-
quires total abandonment of any CIA use of journalism 'as
an umbrella for its business.
do not know how ,much valuable data, as distinct from
barroom and latrine gossip, was accumulated by the CIA
emissaries disguised as newsmen. Whatever 'goodies may
have been acquired during peak seasons of the cloak-and-
dagger industry, it could not have been worth the dishonor
it has brought to those who have any standards about the
role of an independent press in a free society.
, If this sounds like lofty talk, it is written at a time when
journalists are freely accepting plaudits for distinguished
service in exposing venality and fraud in high 'places.. In
such a period there is a special(responsibility to react with
some spirit when corrupt practices are unfolded in our own,
vineyard.
The CIA has sometimes been the object of unjust
attack and cheap shots; it was one of J. Edgar Hoover's
favorite targets because he instinctively regarded any intel-
ligence system other than his own with jealous -contempt?
even when it was ostensibly restricted to overseas activity.
Actually., under former director Richard Helms, the CIA is
now recognized to have made far more realistic assessments
about the war in Vietnam, for example, than did other
governmental units. Conceivably some of its paid cor-
respondents helped to shape the judgments.
? Even if the latter point could be sustained, the invest-
ment remains indefensible. As long as any phase of the
undercover funding for journaliSts goes on, there will be
a residue of doubt and distrust?just as the magazine
Encounter was shadowed by reports of CIA subsidy. ,
One need have no naivete about the durability of
detente or the hazards of the future to insist there are
certain disadvantages a democracy must accept in contests
with totalitarianism. One is that its journalists do not
allow themselves to become covert hired hands of govern-
ment?or industry or 'labor?while professing to write as
free men.' 7 ? ? 7 :t1., ?
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WASHINGTON POST
22 December 1973
Th ings Stir in
neonientiona
- e ?
By Michael Getler .
Washington Peat Stall Writer
I . +The blue and white Air.i.,
I Forcielet ' Waited at the
'Brueiels , Oirptort: last week;
foritaVIP'paseenger to are'
., ,e-SecretarY of Defense;
Janes R. Schlesinger. ?
Then, the wet-footed, red-
teared bird watcher wrap-
ped in tattered old cordu-
roys and sweater boarded
'the plane.
The 'Petitagon'S civilian
tboss. has been unwinding
-from a two-day- North Atlan-
tic - Treaty Organizations
meeting by pending his last
hours , in s Belgium bird
*watching in the ?cold, coastal
:marshlands.
e For Schlesinger., who took
iover the top Pentagon Post
in May, bird watching is an
?Old hobby. But for military
'Men, civilian bureaucrats,
NATO ministers and Krem-
pin planners, Schlesinger-
watching has become in-
;creasingly interesting and
t important. ? , -
; As a Cabinet officer, the
04-year-old pipe-smoking de-
fense intellectual, whose
:shirt tail is out more than.
tit's in, seems to be ?living up
to his billing as an uncon-
ventional bureaucrat.
1
p During his short tour
o
earlier this year as director
, f the Central, Intelligence.
Agency, the Harvard-trained,
!Ph.D. (in economics) went',
:through the CIA's old-bost
:network with , a broom--
handed him by the White-
qlouse--that swept about
;
1,000 people out of the
;agency's "tired bureaucracy."
i- Earlier, as. head nT the
tomic Energy Commission,
e had taken his -wife and
:two of their eight Children
ko the Aleutian Islands 'to,
:demonstrate that -a big and.
icontroversial eindergrohnd
:nuclear weapons test ehere
;was safe,
t His presence in the Penta:
Penta-
gon has caused things to stir
there, too, though it isn't
*clear yet just how bold a
!Defense Secretary he plans
:t? be*
t Civilians in the Vast De-
fense Department bureauc-
ancy are worried about a:
CIA-style- purge failing off:
e
them.
? The military is worried
because Schlesinger, though
generally hawkish, is unpre-
dictable and knows more
. about strategy, technology
and probably history than
his civilian predecessors in
:the Pentagon's E-ring
In BUrope, be has sic--
ceeded rather quickly in at,
least gaining the attention'
and respect of the NATO de- '
fenae ministers, who 'have,
lots of problems of their
own.
,- Schlesinger " belle v es
strongly that a large U.S.
niilitary pull out from Eu-
rope would be a disaster for
both Atnerican and Euro-
'peen interests, In the con-
text of an $85 billion- de-
fense budget, be does not .
believe that a U.S balance
'of payments deficit from
overieas basing of perhaps
$1.5 billion currently esti-
mated shouldnlictate policy
on such an important mat-
ter. ?
Yet, be has Warned the
Europeens?with logic and
with some convenient help
-from Congress?that unless
. they "get serious" about im-
proving thair own defenes
in a rational manner and
stop exaggerating their own
weaknesses and Communist-
bloc strengths, the forces in
this country demanding an
American withdrawal will
beeome irresistible.
- Schlesinger has skillfully
enlisted the aid of U.S. com-
manders in carrying to theli?
European 'counterparts this
previously painful message;
le knows that for the ILS.
Army; for example,- Europe I
has always been the only;
place where the, front lines
.seem.real, with the Warsaw
Pact forces just 80 miles,
across the Elbe 'River.
s In Moscow, and indeed in
Washington, the small but
influential group ,of plan-
ners and critics who follow
the arcane world of nuclear
weapons and strategy are
also paying close attention
to the new Pentagon chief.
Schlesinger's career, had,
been steeped in' atomic
strategy since :he first
,
joined the Rand Corp. think
? tank staff in 1963. In recent
weeks, he has been suggest,
'ing openly that the United
States may indeed be mov-
ing toward a new, controver-
sial and potentially expen-
sive shift away from the nu-
clear Policies that have pre-
valledlor a decade.
In simple terms, what?
'Schlesinger is saying is this:
, Since the early 1050s,
'American nuclear strategy
? has been based on what is
'called 'mut* assured de-
struction:: euphemistically
known as MAD. It entails
having the ability to destroy-
enough Soviet cities and in-
' z
26
art'
c lean
duitrial centers, even after
absorbing a surprise first 1
trilq,..to. deter any such at-
-But.Scblesinger, and oth-
ers now in ofliee, maintain,
that MAD was never really,
a strategy, but rather a way
to measure the size of the
U.S. arsenal' and bow much.
damage it -could dn.
In his view, .if the soviet
missile force?thraugh the
eventual addition of large
and accurate multiple war-
heads to their current 131iS-'
sties get i big enough to
eventually knock out a por-
tion of the U.S. nuclear arse-'
e.nal in less than an all-out at-
tack, it is no good just to
have the ability to bit Soviet
cities In return. The United
States would know that
American cities would then-
be destroyed in a second
volley.
Schlesinger believes such
a U.S. strategy is not credi-
ble in Russian eyes, nor
even for that Matter to most -
West European leaders.
Unless the? multiple-War-
head race is curbed through
negotiatirns, Schlesinger
wants the United States to
have the ability to respond
at least "selectively" against
Russian military targets ?
presumably such things as
certain large missile silos,
underground control cen-
ters, command posts, missile
storage depots and field
headquarters?in a tit-Tor-tat
basis short of holocaust
In the past, even hints of
such a shift brewing in the
Pentagon have touched off
criticism from some mem-
bers of Congress who op-
pose now developments that
could possibly touch off a
netv round in the arms race.
Yet, though Schlesinger
has been saying some of
these things publicly for se-
veral weeks now, Congress
has not asked tor answers to
many of the questions such
a shift would raises
It is not clear, for exam-
ple, how such a shift would
? be accomplished, The
United States already has
thousands of. MIRV-type
? multiple warheads, and hard
to knock out military tar-
gets can be demolished by
simply directing more of the
existing force against them.
Some work is already being
done to allow quick re-tar-
geting of a missile's: elec-
tronic brain: .
But this task, the inlitari
will argue, ean also he done_
more .efficiently an safely.,
with new weapons, le-hile
leaving the old ores ilt'..act-
;to carry out their current
!Jobs. This, of course, could
,be enormously expensive-
rand Could also run the risk'
r. of misinterpretation by the-
Soviet Union and of- a0.5311
.!.arger new round in the
arvas race.
.k There are also other gees-
,tions to ask: FAew wolild
,such a piecemeal nuclear
war unfold'? Is there any.
in the world so linpor-
`tent to Soviet national inter-
eats that would cause the
'Russians to launch less than
an all-out attack on the
United States, and gamine
that its cities would not he
destroyed in return?
Schlesinger is also review.
ing the strategy and aard-
ware of 'so-called tactical"
nuclear warfare in Europe.
, At a NATO meetizg ear.
lier this year, officiale SE;7
the United States teieeeen
; the "option" of reme51.3e
.some of the bige-ar
so tactical atorel.:
now. in Europe and ia
ing them with new
nukes" that that have been de-
veleped but no produce/.
? These are smaller ateeric
warheads for artilletat Pleue:s
such as the 155-mm., .115-
mm. and howitzers. One offi-
cial says you can, !'So-rt-jaf
dial,a-yield" to keep the
'plosion small, aocl that the
weapons' are 'c1eane4"
meaning the effects of ra-
dioactive fallout are ile-
duced: -
Celtics argue _that the
mini-nukes are very danger-
ous in that they lower the
:threshold at which, convete
tional war becomes nuclqr
and will make it easier to
decide upon their use.
But Schlesinger privately
maintains, his aides Say,
that it can also be argued
that such weapons co*I
carry the signal of escala-
tion to the Soviet Union in
the hope of stopping a war,
without creating atomic
bevels-in Europe by use 'of
larger' weapons,
For the moment, Cengrs
has made the argume t
moot by refusing to autb
ice production. Bet undtT
Schlesinger, the question is
almost certain to be reeieed.
By instinct and trainth
Schlesinger is at home el
Ing' with questions of E
peen security and nue ear
strategy. But the "t; F. de- ,
fense establishment
bled by by eVen nearer area.
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Tin YORR TIMES
2 5 DEC 1973
Schlesinger's Impact on the Pentagon Is Yet to Be Felt
By JOHN W. FINNEY
Seta : to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Dec. 24?
When James R. Schlesinger
showing that since 1964 Soviet
defense expenditures have been
growing at a rate of about 4
per cent a year, while in terms
of purchasing power the United
took over as Secretary of De-
States defense budget has been
fense last July, Senator Stuart Schlesinger, with support from ,going down steadily since 1968,
Symington, who as the first the military chiefs, wants to with the result that the rate of
Air Force Secretary and then?add a significant new element. Soviet defense expenditures
as a member of the Senate known as a counterforce stra- now exceeds that of the United
Armed Services Committee has 4,..._,.
g.3, Under this strategy. the .States.
seen Defense Secretaries come `` ?
United States would also aim For all .his extensive lobby-
and go, gave him a bit of
for the capability to fight a nu- ing on Capitol Hill, Mr. Schie-
fatherly advice. . clear war short of an ail-out ex- singer has struck many sub-
"Every Secretary of Defensechange with the Soviet Union ordinates as a somewhat aloof
;
?and I have known them all?, The first concrete sign of his.fi ure who delights in philoso-
eventual y fell under the COfl
policies will come in the new pical dialogue but can be
i
trol of the Joint Chiefs of defense budget n January. brusque and inclined more at
Staff," the Missouri Democrat
told the 44-year-old economist. That budget has now been VIT- times' to lecture than to listen.
,, . tually completed by Mr.Schles-
Not His Team Yet
I"Don't let it happen to vou.
1
? inger, and present. indications
Mr. "You just wait and see," r.
are that it will call for defense He has yet to assemble his
'Schlesinger responded with a
spending in the coming fiscal own team and relies heavily
note of self-confidence typical
of a man who in a few years year of around 885-billion, or a upon martin R. Hoffmann, who
has risen step by step, from 86-billion rise over the currenttserved under him as general
'
assistant director of the Office fiscal year counsel of the A.E.C. and is
of Management and Budget to
Such. an ,anticipated rise in-,tiow regarded as his "gray
head a military establishment dicates that he does not be- eminence" within the Pentagon.
that is spending 879-billion an- lieve the defense budget can or Most of the Pentagon team
nually and wants to spend
more.
After nearly six months, both
should be cut, in which the mili-
tary chiefs emphatically agree.
Taking inflation into con-
of appointed officials he in-
herited from his predecessor,
Elliot L. Richardson, and he
Congressional observers and sideration, a. hold-the-line de-
has yet to establish a close rap-
the military chiefs are still Ifense budget' for the coming port with Deputy Secretary of
Defense William P. Clementa
waiting to see which way the fiscal year would total around
new Defense Secretary will go, 883-billion. To this he wants toJr-
. ? - When he went to the Penta-
both$ .1 ' for
Pentagon
in his direction of the gon; some of.his Icing-time as-.
Pentagon as well as in post_ what he likes to call "flexi-
sociates predicted that on oc-
Vietnam military policy. bility," in part to start develop-
casion he would strike an
ment of counter-force weapons.
Little Visible Impact independent stance from Henry
In contrast to Melvin R. A. Kissinger, his Harvard class-
Thus far, Mr. Schlesinger has Laird, who let the' military,'
mate (class of 1950), who sub-
had little visible impact on' chiefs split up the defense bud- sequently became Secretary of
either defense policy or the 'get and then added enough fat State. But thus far there is no
military budget, somewhat to so that Congressional commit- indication that the two have
the surprise of the Pentagon tees could boast about howtever diverged on policy, and
bureaucracy, which had been ,they had cut it, Mr. Schlesinger they are weekly breakfast
forewarned of his reputation has followed a more analytical companions.
as an impersonal, almost Pro- approach, one that would be -
Similar Objectives
fessorial administrator who, expected of a man yam once
lishment since basically his ob-
jectives do not seem to differ
from the policy tenets oft the
military. -
One of hisrbasic principles is
that after all the reductions
since the Vietnam peak in 1968,
no further cuts can be made in
the present military force struc-
ture, although he holds out the
possibility of reducing support
forces, which he concedes are
bloated, and closing some mili-
tary bases. ?
He firmly believes in retain-
ing and revitalizing. the Atlantic
Alliance, which he feels repre-
sents the linchpin of American
military policy. To him this
means the United States must
retain troops in Europe in-
definitely.
On strategic doctrine he re-
jects the past concept of suf-
ficiency, which is built on the
premise that even if the Soviet
Union is superior in some areas
of strategic weapons, it is suf-
ficient for the United States to
have a strategic arsenal capable
of retaliating with ilevastating
effect upon the Soviet Union.
He believes that any long-
term balance must rest on
basic equality of strategic
weapons between the two na-
tions. *
Fears Goal of Superiority
He, is suspicious that the So.;
viet , Union is attempting to
achieve nuclear superiority. For
that reason he believes the
United States must start the
development of a new genera-
tion of bigger, more accurate
missiles as a hedge against the
failure of. the strategic arms
limitation talks with the Soviet
Union.
This line of thinking leads
after leaving . his budget post, served as the chief strategic Mr. Schlesinger's contacts -him directly to the counterforce
shook up first . the Atomic thinker at the Rand Corpora-,with President Nixon have been strategy, a concept that has
Commission and then the Cen- tion, the Air Force's "think far less frequent than those of kept popping up in the Presi-
tral Intelligence Agency. tank." Mr. Kissinger. The Defense Sec- dent's annual state of the world
"I think he is still casing the retary did meet with the Presi- messages but that never had an
joint," said one Congressional 6 Per Cent of G.N.P. dent last week to discuss the articulate champion until Mr.
observer wive is in almost Gaily His professorial approach,military budget for the .next
contact with Mr. Schlesinger. also shows up in the colored 'fiscal \Tar.
However, certain clues are charts that he takes around to, if iV1r. Schlesinger has seemed
emerging as to the direction he congressional offices, all seek-'to move cautiously, associateslpostulates that the Soviet Un-
will take. They all seem to in- log to demonstrate that despiteisuggest that it is because helion might choose initially to
dicate that, while he may not the rising defense budget.lhas discovered it is far more 'attack just military instaila-
fall under the domination of military spending is taking rzliffictilt to shake up the De-itions, retaining enough weap-
the Joint Cniefs, his strategic only 6 per cent of the grossIfense Department than the.ons to strike at American citie.
policy will not be basically dif- national product, that in termsismaller A.E.C. or C.I.A. Rather in a second blow. .
ferent from theirs. of purchasing power the ? de-}than lead a . charge against an According to this concept.,
There also arc niounting signs . fense budget is at the lowestlentrenched military. establish-ithe President might be atraid
that Mr. Schlesinger, if he has! level since the early nineteen-Iment. they suggest, he hasito order a retaliatory attatas
his way, will he the architect fifties, and that in ? terms Of chosen to lav down some broadlagainst Soviet cities if he knew
of a major redesign of a nuclear national. priorities, defenseiobjectiyes and then attempt to;that in return the Soviets
strategic policy that has pre- spending is down to lS per cent,nudge the military in those;would attack American. cities.
'ailed since the nineteen-fillies of expenditures bya.? 0
Govern-idirections. ,The answer, therefore, is for
to the concept of nuele4r deter- ment aeencies while social and; The question remains, how-.the United States to develop an
rence, which all started with economic programs take about,ever, enether Mr. Schlesinger arsenal of counterforce weave
the Eisenhower-Dulles doctrine.70 per cent. ;s really ?trying to change the ions canahle of attacking Soviet.
of massive retaliation, Mr. There is also a graph chartdirection of OIL military esiab- military installations. .4
Schlesinger reached the Penta-
gon.
The counterforce strategy
"1ems?everything from sax-
lag personnel and weapons
costs, to poor Toorale,.linger-
ing racial problems and 0/1-
gressional pork - barreling
with favorite local defense
programs, ?
Whether Schlesinger will
dive into this broader collet- 21
tion of ills remains to be
seen.
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NEW YORK TIMES
24 December 1973,
Nixon Role in
Foreign Policy Is Altered,
orne Assert Kissinger Is Now iriCharg
Bp LESLIE 6= I-111g
only fvr have been SAW'
Detision blemorandlina
once the - staff studies are,
;completed and reviewed by the
first-tier -committees, they aroforwardted, to _the councli. The;
President Devi releases a Ned
Honer Security Decision Mem
rend urn.
A typical NBSM might des
with United States policy t)-
ward Thailand, pr,esentnie the
background and the "proSI-nis
and offering three or fce alter-
native courses of action. In the
decision memo the President
would state that he had chos
and diirect that action be taken
by the C.LA? the Pentagon or
:tTe gOt' ,retary a Stale and Dec 'ense
SPoOksktoThoWtir York Mow ten the treensiert thae Mn Kis- Secrete,. Statutes', advisers
WASHINGTON, Dee. 23 ?
Profound changes have . taken'
place in the way foreign policy
is made in the Nixon Admims-
tration in the wake of the Wa-
1.2germast ?f loft? the
Cilll
qUe-areChief th : Chairman
irmStrg,
What mt.
now Adm. Thomas It Mocirer.
?I:Alse Must is ,land the Director of Central In-
geni:p :n-The ressucracy that nelligance. now William C.
whanis iv:gee:ling is the equiv. Colby.
? ,
Bi
nergate scandals and the age s's - - ? II-MtiOn . :r Other infOrtant cur-
rures andy Imo van su the business
e pares,aw end MajhGendBrent Scnwcroft,
First. the elaborate National
sent en-m
tment of Heriry.A. Kissinger Of the ccamcil are General Haig
Secretary of State, "I's-sday
Mr. Ktssinger's deintOrtin the
Security Council system oil 16:rmt? council staff. On occasion in
: making decisions by preszn,. h ":',drie sit:en-es is believed' to, - ? an embassY-
ttee hato ?tom_ onto:else the Th,.,,,?i i the past, Attorneys General
the President with the facts anti 'moos,: Ian a teen fsern?e.--e.7- such as Robert F. Kennedy and 'fromoossleseivire?....PWPae..oeoesicissesinoin glerthitooesrosseYnfeattatta30o.r
1John Nt Mitchell as well uryas
the options, so that he is not th''''s?lte.:?-gssete.'--enar sih-E-TeTealbleS7
at the mercy of the bureaucracy,
has become less important. The
formal committee apparatus of
aliewing, Mr% Xiensigee to "
4 1 Henry ht Jackson; Democrat of
.. - ..- ? nave attended meethens.
ta e eves ' , I Wasiiingtort, wag to present the
..., - - asked eni Of the Presidents enc-rde es e _- -he ..ssemeneyi - , Y ? together with their pros arid
the National Security Cminiei ao- toiersesaa 1, , -i.cin3s -4merthower held fairly regular r-ons' and implications and
the President meal l'els dacretaryi zsts, rather than a single poi-
itself
intact, but the council meetings. The others?Harry S.
itself has not met since Mr. Kis- iof State, ereneceil dee n-diow- T.0
. mane John F. Kennedy and tecommendation founded'
...atsr., ask ; ? is. Preueirm$ President with "di tin t
s c options,.
singer became Secretary Sept.( ing alZ-tir:..i/B table, ereserinei!Mr? Johnson, as well as General on bureaucratic consenus
Eisenhower --basically used,_; -
Mr. Nixon and Mr. Kissinger,
according to those who helped
them construct the sester,
were really worried alscitt the
They saw it as
basically, peopled. by destile
Democrats and tied to vested,
interests,
Mr. Kissinger was ts creams'
at the White House ore of tee
most powerful staffs in
ington. That staff was tr.', ::ern,
tect the President sgene
State Department, v.:-'
viewed 'as representine
eign": interests; against tr.,.
I. That year 37 council meet-
Pentagon, which was seen as,
ergs were called. The number
limpidly dwindle:I to three in en insatiable consumer of mil-1
1972 anti the two so far in dary hardware, and against an
1973. intelligence community that
In the Hotel Pierre in New rarely saw evil -intentions on
York before his inauguration, the part of Moscow and Peking.
31, and it met only twice before th1Inr:?.1%dfartonzirstri-ped 7:451aura Mat quickly developed
that this year.. ? . neness uf melinga 92, about the council to legitimize
A Disputed Intersiretation netneeme soesersadoes 30 f? certain policies that had been
Second, the President is play- grcesr:Xs2rffrr-genaecrsatioes ;worked' 'Dut m less formal um"
. "1 mimstances. _ es:
ing an altered and, some say, a andel neeetiertey Seen .
of national seeurity policy. said the denser, nepresented a
Present are yormoi, officials ,:: . Making Apparent Real ,
In . 1969 President Nixon
_ .
lesser role in the formulation
promised to make the apparent
The effect of the changes,, hieh fresue.ncy of contact -be-
according to a wide variety of
senior officials in the State and '
Defense Departments and in
Congress, is that Secretary Kist-
Singer and not President Nixon
is running foreign affairs end
that the Secretary of Defense, Sellers/nag patterns seem to be
James R. Schlesinger, has been er-'-'?erfling:
einr. Kissemer is oceasionally
left in charge of military af= using his imminittee apparatus,
fairs. .
; which he still controls as assist
On the other band, White' ant 'to the President, to keep his -
House officials, 'in interviews hands on eefense issues and
? toi President-elect Nixon and Mr. ? A Trickle of Mertes
real. On Feb. 7, 19694 the White
tween a President and a Cabi-
net T.:Wiens House annotuar-ed: d'rhe Presi-
onroog.n_enooy officials dent indicated that' the'oouncil
described the ?resident and Mr. will henceforth be the principal
for the ,consideration of
Kissinger as nealing with their iferum
new situatien an a tentative '.11?Iie3r issues."
'ez.sis, 'het ln the meantime the
Kissinger, orho he been desigs
with The New York Times, !circumvent the State Depart= ? But in recent months, the
rtecni bunsautatecy, which :has nated as his assistant for nee touncil has stopped meeting,
have said the conjectures along
these lines, are politically mo-
tivatednonsense. aimed at try-
, cil staff, se powerful in the
ing to get the President, an-ser .eariy days of the Administral
tion, is losing influence to
intimates wham Mr. Kissinger
Men with .3-..im to the State De-
partment and to those in the
hemene his OWL. ? - tional sectuity affairs, deinsed; the memos have dwindled to
. elthe Katie nal Security COtin- a new -system of interagency, a trickle and Mr. Kissinger has
committees. ft Was much more begun to carry on to the State
elabonite and intricate than Department his most trrnted
the relatively infdrmal system aides on the N.S.C.? staff. _
inherited. from President John- Former and present council
staff members believe that
sometimes the system did work
to give the President the facts
ere presided crier by mr. Kis. and real options. rather 'than a
say they come from people who
do not know what they are
talking about,
"Henry- receives and requests p taa,son wpm are aaannot
ij
Instructions from the President SeqcreA-Triag-- Schlesinger; -
-
before he ants en any issue of
importance," one of them said. tem for Grels.a:yfon '"a-
Accordiog to the officials only is developing between Mr. 'Kis,
tt
the President, Mr. Kissinger ss-4,713er,urit ftXre 'Schlesinger
and Gen. Alexander M. Haig alla.zeIrt ?.."'s'as7 lunches,'"
Jr., the President's thief of -oild,.to73?. occur on Thursdays
staff, know exactly how deci- --maLl-mes rat 52'zaktast:
Mies; Meetel tees:tens
-mons are made.
? l'he iNhite House officials a..-sh le, the Meeiviews with cif- taxies, committee. ? said.
,conceded nevertheless, that Mr. ifnials of the White House, the. Assistant secretaries of state r System Termed Alive
Nixon had decentralized nation- i iFICeelie "1:1 '4,z1)4Psagmlnatft.preside over the interdepart- ''. The white Rouse ceetsois.
son. ' ? n.
All but one of the com-
mittees that report directly to
the National Security Council
singer in his capacity as. Phony "consensus -option!'
Senior hreilitery officers, m
assistant to the President. The ?
membership of the committees -tatirptiditler, were Said to lie an.is
Deputy Secretary Py; they had regarded the
of Defense William P. Clements1sYstem as an institutionalized
Jr? Deputy Secretary of State :channel for presenting military
Kenneth Rush. Mr. Colby of the ;views on policy' matters. "It's
C.I.A. and Admiral Moores. Mr. 'virtually impossible to get our
riartE' 'broad nvdstlions were ;Rush beads the under secre- Views to Kissinger now," mei
*Inlet ;fess th the for- Th
:al security decision-making. One mentai aded hosthgroups. 'disagreed. They did rot- think
'described the new situation this ; mei Naticnal Security Council ingeYorthe 'IA wl cycaszli the Ystem was dead. They
ways "Given the Prms we i'-'sveti tpSyStE.171? Eiti7 P.M der.isions real- work aconnong to national se_ maintained that whe?ie Generei
in, the top jobs' ncw, we Can 451 beire made? Flow does the Haig accegited IL It. Isaideman s
? SSM's (insiders pronounce the
1 1,1
take .three hours of discus-sine' ."-attozz-hiP work?
do with a nod what usee, so !Nixon-Kissinger-Schles er re= mritY study
iTho Nadonal Security Coun- {term ?Nissims-) issued by the
:: .4 ? ....., lithed by Congress (President
Mr. Nixon's relationship ri inc,,
with his two principal subintre 1 e leee as the key advisory hi the first four and three-
nates has become a matter ni,f. ip-e4ailguele,t27 t.-..1';:s ?resident on for- euerter years Of the Nixon Ad-
constant spec,ulation in the bt, : ',--.1-...ylse policy. its sta_ ministration some 200
reaucracy and on Capitol iri.. itdia.-v n-- - -_-73 m -,--a7 the were issued. In the memos
Some Senators and other reehd iPe_se este. so at, eatt0000l, ost.? months since Mr. gistiztger Itas
at the State Department ,aetsea: "These
28 r' ,
mg memorandums, or
job as ef of, staff at the
White House, he proposed that
the system be decentralized,
eked that the President readily
agreed.
They said the President
decided that "we can do hush
nee.; in more efficesee iess-
fermal ways." One of them
guys mow the
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!scope, and they know the issues,
'backwards and forwards, but
the President still runs the
show."
According to the White
,House sources, Mr. Kissinger,
has an interest in perpetuating,
The messages were drafted hyl
the council staff, and high State
Department officials were. un-
aware of them. They were sent
directly to C.LA-field offfees.
: Mr. Kissinger-also-reportedly
continues to use C.I.A. channels
. . ? a iern . -to transmit messages to Mos-
Security Council system Sinee4 cow and Peking. These "back-
it allows hint to do -things that canner activities persist de-.
a Secretary of State cannot do. spite his pledge before becom-
For example, Mr. 1(issinger ing Secretary to involve the
IState Department experts fully
in their areas of specialikation.
Meanwhile according to For-
eign Service officers, Mr. Kis-
singer's close associates from
the N.S.C. ?Winston ' Lord,
Lawrence S. Engleburger and
Helmut Sonnenfeldt?are al-
ready wielding tremendous in-
. _ ... .., _ ,,...?-.. . , . a._
fluence in Foggy Bottom. .
. At the Pentagon, officials
said Mr. Schlesinger was also
relying on particular, individuals
rather than a general staff, re-
building process. He seems to
favor his special assistants and
military assistants along with
iisolatedexperts, regertiless of
!rank, they said.
This emphasis on key people
and personal . relationships
has told many people privately
that his maitie reason for re-
taining his N.S.C...job is to keep
an eye on the defense budget.
The defense analysis section of
the staff has remained active..
However, Mr. Kissinger is not?
known to have urged a reduc-
tion in the over-all level of
mili-
tary spending in the last five
years.
The White House officials
also acknowledged that Mr.
Kissinger had used the council
staff to circumvent his sub-
ordinates at the State Depart-
ment. During the recent Arab-
Israeli war, he sent messages
to Middle Eastern beads of-
state through the Central betels,
ligence Agency communications
facilities at the White Howse
WASHINGTON POST
15 Decembr 1973
. . , ,
TT S. 117 tte
rather than committies?notso
different from previous Admtn-
istrations?extends to the top
of the ladder,. to the Kissinger-
Schlesinger relationship.
White House officials have
explained, without prompting,
that Mr. Kissinger was Urged
to -establish cordial contacts
;with Mr. Schlesinger because of
his poor relations with the
previous Secretaries of Defense
Melvin R. Laird and Elliot L.
Richardson. One man said Mr.
Richardson was particularly
miffed at Mr. Kissinger because
,he had reguler lunches with
Mr. Clements as a way of
;
Forking around Mr. Richard-
son, -
Mi. Kissinger and Mr. Schle-
singer try to see each Other for
lunch or breakfast once a?week
and talk on the telephone fre-
quently, according to Defense
and State Department officials.
These'seurces said that the im-
portant business gets done
then. White House sources, on
the other? hand, said they. %wake
only "bull sessions."
At the same time, they as-
knowledged that the Pretident's
Kissinger's Awesome Power
Granted that the phrase may sound
as frivolous as the title of an Alfred
Hitchcock thriller, the trouble with
Henry is far from amusing?and very
far from the fault of Henry Kissinger.
Secretary of State Kissinger has
reached that most -dangerous of all
-high plateaus in a democratic society.
He is becoming something close to the
indispensable man in a political struc-
ture that resents and ultimately re-
jects indispensable men. The two hats
he is wearing?the one as Secretary of
'State and the other as the operating
head of the National Security Council
and the President's powerful alter ego
in the White House?create problems
of a kind never before exnerienced.
Henry Kissinger can, in fact, become
in his own person and being that ordi-
narily impersonal thing called a con-
flict of interest. For three powers with
three often competing interests?the
State Department, the Department of
Defense and the intelligence apparatus
?form the core of the National Secu-
rity Council over which Henry Kis-
singer must preside.
As Secretary of State he ought pri-
marily to concern himself with push-
ing State's views and aims. But as chief
of the NSC, subject only- to the
mitt-
mate authority of the President him-
self, Henry Kissineer 'cannot safely
downgrade the views and demands of
the Pentagon or the intelligence com-
munity..
In-built here is the latent danger of
a Kissinger divided within himself and
ultimately of one of those high-bureau-
cratic "feuds" of which Washington is
so fond between those charged with
the physical defense of the country
and those responsible for its diplo-
macy.
The danger of such a "feud" lies pri-
marily between the State Department
and the Pentagon, which are never go-
ing to see some kinds of crises in the
same light. A "feud" could have broken
out, to the nation's peril, in the recent
renewal of war in the Mideast over
the proper scope and tempo of Ameri-
can .assistance to Israel.
That it did not break out was due to
two things: While the Pentagon chief-
tains, Secretary of Defense Schles-
inger and Undersecretary Clements,
are plenty tough when they must be,
neither will flex his muscles except as
the very last resort. Kissinger, for his
part, is -both more patient and more in-
decentralization edict allowed
the new Secretaries more SCOPB,,,
than their predecessor t had.
One White. House offi.cratt
discussing the idea that Mr.1
Kissinger is 'taking over," gaidi")
"I know, I kilo*. it's Retirfp'
style. He makes ? it sound as
if he's in Fluime," ?Aniltrier,
nodded, saying,. "ifenrx-r. just,!
overwhelms
them.:
These officials vigon)u,Slita-J
sist :that the speculation is
malicious gObtip,ernaiiaffig
rum people who do not know
the facts and who , are, out to
take away the President's
strong suit in foretgri:_affairs.;
The officials emphasized that
Mr. Kissinger attended *almost
every 8:30 A.M. staff meeting,
with the President, and then '
saw him- alone later in the
morning before leaving for the
State Department They said
the two men also talked on the
,telephone- almost daily. f
Secretary Schlesinger does
not enjoy the same access to
the President. White House
sources confirmed that he has
not seen the President alone
since going to the Pentagort
tellectually tolerant than his "public
image" would suggest. ,
Nevertheless, it was still necessary
for the President himself to step in de-
cisively before American military sup-
plies got moving to the embattled
Israelis.
The question of which side?Penta-
gon or Kissinger?was "dragging its
feet" is a moving target- and no at-
tempt to answer it will be made by
this columnist. Anyhow, it is periph-
eral to the central issue: Has too much
power been thrust upon Henry Kis-
singer by a President so domestically
embattled over Watergate? And has
Henry Kissinger in consequence been
spread too thin and is too much being
asked of him?
The proper response seems to me in
both cases to be "yes." The, best single
example is that in all his famous sor-
ties' overseas his best and brightest ef-
fort has been both his most recent and
.his less than successful. This was his
brilliant essay at getting our Western
Allies off our backs and onto some
constructive projects with us?such,
for example, as jointly doing some-
thing real to reduce the Weet's depend-
ence on the oil shieks.
s, 157, -United Feature 67ndieute
29
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Approved For Release 2001/08/07 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
r WASHINGTON STA,V,-.!.
Washington, D. C? FridJ2.
7#7,7
A swret S?
leaks of 01:1?Ez2i.-:::?.E
produced :
cials wcta.
and the lqnt.fie:1t
'beads,-top
The sc-Irces ,
ger's staff
information'-
peace tarts ar,E ?
Chiefs of S'..?7f
Thomas H.
They said tte
resulted
off the jit.
mation not
and -to keep
Vietnam pec.c.
national ? -
tures to Chia_n,
' spokesman,
gon spying CZ'.
_
The 11172-Z2-..3
meat. Or2,
dent de:.:_af,
but anefaerX::.?. _
was "211.:37;',7,."
But at 17,tx,5,5?:
confirmed ,7
from
had beers It:v:1Z
The repoa- :
" "spy" withm c;? ?
eration ' .17 -
White ? -
grounds
tY-
NIXON
tional sezaal,.-J c -
some of his -= -
tergate :
expand a.n
from Re..v..:121,;Sca,
that it weiLf,,,
The 2),
effort ay..;:,,,,T.,_,Tst.17 ?_ -
"plumbers," a -
unit for.aed !r_s ' ? `.
leaks of erSZ'ine-r. .. -
The -
Krogh aad
services
%rioted ,
Howard .
Young, L.:- ? :
presidential at': _
through
have beeri
burglar/ r.7
treating 7
the Peatasa-]
guilty to feeev.a.
. state
dropparl
TEILI,7; IT has been
izT3tva ;Lune erne that
sk-3 plumbers worked on
pro,er.lso only three of
21:TITI had been made public
today. 'n.!e three were
ieelto of U.S. position on
7ndia-Pakistan dispute,
A23 stragetic arms limita-
ticas tailz3 and the Pente-
I.C7 ipzners,
.ees from several
-..1F,ence areas outside
?ei3,c_aoszt said the
ST?'Sra2,iiritn VIZS the
or-y el military spying
operation.
Tha sczy...oes said the
Thite :House also discov-
STF:z7 some covert intelli-
rin operations outside
The United States being
conducted by Pentagon in-
telligence officials. They
said the activities went
beyond "the scope of the
Defense Intelligence Agen-
cy's charter."
Mose familiar with the
care say it occurred when
decided early in
aCministration's
9rs1 term o cut off the
joint Chiefs frcm some of
the intelligence information
,Icusly available to
Hell York Times ;
11 Jan. 1974 ;
_ ?
PENTAGON officials, one
source said, became "not
, only suspicious but para-
noid as hell." He explained
there already was within
the military establishment a
paranoia resulting from
pub.. charges that the joint ,
rldefs had badly advised
former President Lyndon B.
Johnson on his war policy.
"There was more sku-
llduggery and more politics
in the Joint Chiefs of Staff
than in the Cntral Intelli-
gence Agency and the FBI
combined at that time," the
source said.
To fill the gap of informa-
tion, the sources said, the
Pentagon apparently decid-
ed to duplicate some of the
intelligence activities al-
ready being carried 3ut by
other agencies like the CIA.
And this later resulted in an
effort to gain access to Na-
tional Security Council data
that was not being passed tc-
the Pentagon, they added.
The spy alleged to have
passed the information was
dismissed shortly after he
was discovered. Moorer,
however, remains in admin-
istration favor and report-
edly is to be named to a
third term as chairman of
the Joint Chiefs.
aiAN COUNCIL
(111F9 CU LINK
711 Program Says Part of
? 9ationai Research Group
Works in Intelligence.
TORONTO, Jan. to (Canadian
Press) ? The Canadian Broad-
casting Corporation Said last
night that a branch of Canada's
National Research Council in
,:.?ttarca was really an
s,ence agency working closely
-,-cith the Central Intelligence
Agency .pf the United States.
- The television program said
the council's communication
branch was Canada's secret in,
tercepring, and bugging agency
"coal inside and outside Canada
and worked directly with the
Natinnal Security Agency, its
rtiiiri body in the United
it also has =tans
whose 'Ottawa
30,
chief, Cleveland Orem, works
out of the United States Em-
bassy, the program said.
It said that Harry Brandes,
an intelligence inspector for the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
worked in Washington under a
diplomatic cover.
The program, the hour-long
Fifth Estate, quoted Victor L
Marchetti, a former assistant to
the deputy director of the
C.I.A., as having said that Ca-
nadian intelligence officers had
free access to the C.I.A., where
an office was put aside for
them.
The program also quoted
Winslow Peck, a former intel-
ligence officer for the National
Security Agency, as having said
that an agreement had been
made among Britain, Australia,
Canada and the United States
to divide the world into areas
M which each country's intelli-
gence agency would monitor all
communications.
The Canadian Government'
has responsibility for the polar
regions and for "a certain part
of Europe," Mr. Peck said. He
added, however, that raucli
more information flowed into
Approved For Release 2001/08/07 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
Approved For Release 2001/08/07 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100310001-2
the United States then r.
: and that the United icte-".--"e;
monitored 611 COITIMI13,;,
In Canada and in its
Isles abroad.
Monitoring Charged
John D. Marks, fermer steee.
:assistant to the United:
State Department direeter
Intelligence, said en the yr
gam that much e the eseeeee;
Trient on the Distant Eat,: I
Warning line in tt,.,e CeeeetUar;
north was not fro' detecree ;
attacks but for Ameratee
itoring of commtlnical*::71,:
! the northern part of tl.?,F: ?
? Mr. Peck said:
' "Information from tLe.feeeva
othee'_ countries in 'ehe seeee.
ment all comes to the
States but the Unitet. 3tatr:.
does not totally reciprocete Le;
passing all informatice,
the other powers.
Asked to comment on the!
program; Mr. Cram said Li Ct-i
tawa only that he was "an as-I
sistant- to the Ambassader aeC.I
an officer in the political tec-I
_ tion."
Inspector Brandes, referring;
to the tharge that he workeda
as paid of Canada's intelligencel
contingent in Washington, seidei
"That's nonsense."
On the program, Themes W.!
Braden, former special aesietant
to the director of the C.I.A.,
described the growth of the
agency as a device for build-
ing anti-Communist fronts;
He told how it underwrote
the creation of magazines ens.
newspapers favorable to the
United States, without the
-knowledge of those involved.
He also referred to C.I.A. sup-
port of labor unions, and said
"most of the money .that the
&icy gave away oi those
days went to the American Fed-
eration of Labor and George
Meany."
[In Washington, a C.I.A.
spokesman, asked about the
Canadian broadcast allega-
tions, said today, "We have
' nothing to say on this
matter."]
In Ottawa the Mounted
lice said that Inspector Bra.ndes
icted in a liaison capacity with
United States police and intern-
ence agencies. The United
States had a Federal Bureau of
Investigation official in its Ot-
tawa embassy named Jce Mar-
ion, , who acted in the same
capacity in Canada.
Speaking of Inspector Creel-
des's work, the spokesman said
he "liaises with agencies in
Washington."
"When 'we have a need to
liaise with an agency in the
United States in the intelligence
field he's the man with the
responsibility to do it,- .the
spokesman said.
He said The Canadian police
here dealt only through
Marion and had no liaison with
any other official of the United
'States Embassy.
AMBLES TIMES
5 OF:0 1973
Thrreat From Spying
11R creasing, FBI. Says
? Annual Report Attributes Growth to Rise
in. Number of Soviet-BloC Officials in.U.S.
BY RONALD J. OSTROW
Times Staff Writer
WASHINGTON ? De-
spite the diplomatic thaw
between the United States
and .? Soviet-blot nations.
? the 'FBI said Friday that
the threat. from Commu-
nist spying in the United
was increasing.-
threat to the Unit-
'ed States and the counter-
intelligence responsibili-
?ties of the FBI have been
. growing in proportion to
the Soviet-bloc presence"
here. the bureau said in its
annual report.
Soviet-bloc officials sta-
tioned in this country
numbered 1,296 last July 1,
a 44 increase* over the
last five years. the report
said.
"FBI counterintelligence
'operations continue to
identify a high and fairly
consistent percentage of
Soviet-bloc personnel in
the United State.; as intel-
ligence officei:s or agents,"
the bureau said.
An FBI spokesman de-
clined to .:ttimate how
many of the officials have
been identified as agents.
"In that area, we're limit-
ed to what we put in the
report," which covers the
fiscal year that ended last
June 30, he said.
FBI Director Clarence
M: Kelley, describing fis-
cal 1973 as "one of the
most trying elms in the
B s history." neve r-
theless took issue. with
those who contend that
the Watergate case ".and
other adversities" have
undermined the agency's
effectiveness,. integrity or
morale.
'Those who have such
doubts underestimate the
character of career FBI
employes," Kelley- said.
The 56-page report in-
31.
eluded only one .reference-1
to L. Patrick Gray III, who
. resigned as acting director
of the bureau in April af-
ter it was disclosed, that he
had burned material re-*
, moved from the desk of a
? former White House con-
sultant convicted 'in the
Watergate case.
But the, annual review
did take: note of some of
the innovations Cray- in-
troduced. These included
establishment of an office
to attract minorities to
F131 ranks and dropping
the barr i:e r to women
agent s. Fifteen women
had 'completed training
? and were assigned to 'field
offices by June 30; and
nine 'more were under, '
going training then, ac-
cording to the report.
In other area,: of FBI ac-
tivity, the report said:
?Since the 1972 passage .
, of a law protecting foreign
'officials and guests, the
bureau has received four
f or five reports a week on
incidents "with subversive
r a mifications" involving
foreign missions or per-
sonnel.
- ?The number of finger-
print cards received from
law enforcement agencies
across the country
dropped in fiscal 1973 be-
-cause the FBI is no longer
accepting prints taken . in
connection with minor of-
fenses, such as drunken-
ness, traffic violation's and
loitering.
?The new FBI building,
now under construction in
Wishington, is expected
to be ready for occupancy
next July. 'he structure,
. across Pennsylvania Ave.
from the Department of
Justice, will: house 7.700
FBI employes and all
headquarters operations.
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