SENATE EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE SHOULD INVESTIGATE CIA INVOLVEMENT IN AMERICAN EDUCATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000800130005-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 22, 1998
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: February 15, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

February
River. This highway should be acces-
sible to the people of northeast Nebraska
because it Is a national highway, 90 per-
cent of the cost of which has been paid
by Federal taxpayers.
At the present time, northeast Ne-
braska is for practical purposes denied
access; to this highway because of the in-
attenuate, rundown condition of the pres-
ent bridge. The condition of the bridge
also is a hazard to a steady stream of
summer tourists traveling from coast to
coast along east-west Highway 20, also a
Federal highway. The bill would add 2.4
miles to the Interstate System. This
would permit an additional turnout from
Interstate 29 on the Iowa side. The
bridge would connect the interstate with
U.S. Highway '17 and U.S. Highway 2
I believe this approach is thoroughl
justified and absolutely necessary in or
der to meet the growing population an
travel needs of the Nation.
At present our expensive Interstate
Highway System does not serve great
portions of our population. I believe
that the construction of spurs, such as
the one proposed by this measure, will
make this national system of interstate
highways serve a much greater portion
of our population. Without this pro-
posed spur northeast Nebraska is denied
the use of a north-south interstate high-
way which is being paid for by all tax-
payers. In addition this bridge is needed
badly to take care of the Iowa-Nebraska
cast-west traffic.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred.
The bill (S. 970) to provide for an ex-
tension of Interstate Highway 29 into
Nebraska, including a bridge, introduced
by Mr. CURTIS (for himself and other
Senators), was received, read twice by its
title, and referred to the Committee on
Public Works.
FOIAb3b
Ss,nid - Appl'etstallEMPRelerattSCOLO-ROPMA101 9 R000800130005% 933
by the Secretary of Agriculture in the/
same manner and at the same price that
the Secretary of the Interior fixes the
price for :sands sold under section 2(a)
of the act entitled "An act to authorize
acquisition or use of public lands by
State, counties, or municipalities for
recreational purposes," approved June
14, 1926- (41 Stat. 741; 43 U.S.C. 869-1).
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred.
The bill S. 974) to authorize the Sec-
retary of Agriculture to convey certain
lands to the city of Glendale, Ariz., in-
troduced by Mr. HAYDEN, was received,
read twice by its title, and referred to
the Committee on Agriculture and For-
estry.
CONVEYANCE OF TITLE TO CERTAIN
REAL PROPERTY TO THE CITY OF
OLENDALE, ARIZ.
Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, I intro-
duce, for appropriate reference, a bill to
convey to the city of Glendale, Ariz., title
to certain real property which will be-
come surplus to the needs of the U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture after the end of
the current fiscal year.
Following the discontinuation of agri-
cultural research, the Department of
Apiculture intends to phase out the
poultry research project which has been
conducted at this location since 1921, and
to close down the station permanently.
Prior to the establishment of this sta-
tion in 1921, the citizens of Glendale,
through private subscriptions, raised the
necessary funds to pay for the acquisi-
tion of the property and it was then
deeded to the Secretary of Agriculture.
Subsequently, the Department acquired
an addition to this station by condemna-
tion and a court award of $4,500 for the
additional property. In view of the fact
that, a portion of the lands used for poul-
try research were donated to the Govern-
ment. the bill proposes that the entire
tract be made available to the city of
Glendale for a public park. Further, the
bill provides that the price shall be fixed
to free American institutions in our open
society. I make the following observe ?
tion: our society is built upon the prin-
ciples of democratic eeLf-gos err inent.
which, in order to work, require that the
people know the truth. They mist be
able to make the great basic decisions
of society upon a basis of truth and not
falsehood. That truth Is arrived at by
Open inquiry and not. bn secret; govern-
ment manipulations. In our struggles
with the Communists around the world,
it is democracy which we are defending.
Does it make sense to defend democracy
by doing things that taemsetzes could
bring about the downfall of democracy?
I have yet to see any evidence that
ould justify the Central zence
gency in secretly subsidizing an Amer-
can student organization, an organiza-
tion which claims to speak for students.
but which, we must now sadly tusume.
also speaks to some extent for the CIA.
Although the CIA certainly has jus-
tifiable claims to keeping details of its
operations secret, since it could not op-
erate any other way, I have never been
able to understand why Congress should
not be able to exercise reasonable over-
sight with regard to the CIA's activities.
And now that evidence has come to light
that the CIA is carrying on its opera-
tions within the borders of our country
in a manner which raises important
questions with regard to the nature and
extent of CIA activities in educational
institutions and in student organiza-
tions, it appears to me to be imperative
that the Senate Subcommittee on Edu-
cation ascertain the facts about what
the CIA is doing to influence any and
all aspects of the American educational
process. The people's representatives
have the right to know what this secret
organization is doing to American edu-
cation.
The Government has attempted to
justify the NSA subsidy by arguing that
It was needed so that U.S. students could
attend international youth forams. I
do not question the desintbility of Saner-
Man students taking part in interna-
tional youth conference. It is ii the
national interest that they do so. It
does seem to me, however, that there
should be sources of private financing.
from private nongovernmentally isibsi-
dized foundations, to finance such activi-
ties.
However, assuming that adequata pri-
vate financing cannot be found, what
would be the least desirable agency in
the entire U.S. Governmant to subsidize
a student organization? Answer the
CIA.
I simply cannot swallow the Govern-
ment argument, as reported in the news-
papers, that?
If the financial support had been public.
the credibility of NSA students would have
been destroyed on the grounds that they
were agents of the Govern/milt.
Are students who study abroad under
Fulbright scholarships agents of the
Government? Are scientists who attend
international scientific conferences with
all or part of their travel expenses gov-
ernmentally supported agents of the
Government? Are students with NDEA
loans or fellowships agents of the Dov-
SENATE EDUCATION SUBCOMMIT-
TEE SHOULD INVESTIGATE CIA
INVOLVEMENT IN AMERICAN
EDUCATION
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
all I know about the CIA is what I read
in the papers. But what I have been
reading lately disturbs me greatly. And
as a member of the Senate subcommittee
assigned the responsibility of being the
Senate's authority on education, I am
coming to feel that I should know more
than I read in the papers.
According to press reports the CIA has
for the past 15 years been subsidizing two
domestic youth groups?the National
Students Association and the 'U.S. Youth
Council. In addition it has supported
?two student youth conferences' abroad?
the World Assembly of Youth in Brussels
and the International Student Confer-
ence in Leyden.
These disclosures raise very disturbing
questions. At the heart of the problem is
the conflict between the nature of a free
society and the realities of international
relations in today's world. To be free,
the members of a society must have ac-
cess to the truth. At the same time the
security of our country makes it impera-
tive that we engage in secret intelligence-
gathering activities abroad. We must
also meet the propaganda offensive of the
Communist nations. These activities
frequently require secrecy.
What has happened with the CIA's
subsidy of the NSA and the U.S. Youth
Council of New York?both domestic
youth organizations?is that the poten-
tial conflict between the need for truth
in a free society and the need for secrecy
In international intelligence gathering
and propaganda activities, has become
real. The CIA, purportedly for the sake
of its international propaganda and in-
telligence activities, has secretly entered
into a special relationship with two or-
ganizations that claim to represent the
thinking and the freely arrived at ideals
of American students. In reality, they
must now to some extent represent, not
only the ideas and ideals of American
students, but also, or in lieu thereof, the
CIA's necessary cloak-and-dagger oper-
ations. .
I do not know enough about the facts
of the situation to discuss in detail just
what has been going on, but enough has
come to light of this particular episode
to indicate that it represents a threat
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ernment? I hope not. And I assume
that students from most other countries
attend international youth forums with
governmental financial support from
their governments, so why should the
United States feel that it cannot openly
do the same thing?
Why could this not have been done
openly, with travel subsidies from the
Office of Education?
I am introducing at this time for ap-
propriate reference a bill to amend the
International Education Act of 1966 to
authorize the Secretary of Health, Edu-
cation, and Welfare to make grants to
finance travel to international youth
conferences by individuals broadly repre-
sentative of the Nation's students. I
hope that the Senate Education Sub-
committee will give early consideration
to this bill as part of what I hope will
be a thorough look at the whole ques-
tion of CIA involvement in American
education.
I ask unanimous consent that the bill
be printed in the RECORD.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred;
and, without objection, will be printed
in the RECORD.
The bill (S. 981) to amend the Inter-
, national Education Act of 1966 in order
to authorize grants to finance travel to
? international youth conferences, intro-
duced by Mr. YARBOROUGH, Was received,
read twice by its title, referred to the
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare,
and ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
S. 981
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That title I
of the International Education Act of 1988 is
amended by inserting at the end thereof a
new section as follows:
"INTERNATIONAL YOUTH CONFERENCES
"Sec. 107. Upon the recommendation of
the Secretary of State that it would
strengthen international cooperative rela-
tions, the Secretary is authorized to make
grants to finance travel (including related
expenses) to international youth conferences
by individuals broadly representative of the
Nation's students."
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent to have sev-
eral newspaper articles on this subject
? printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
Feb. 15, 1987]
U.S. OFFICIALS CONFIRM CIA AID TO STU-
DENTS?SECRET DEALING DESCRIBED BY NSA
OFFICERS
(By Andrew J. Glass and Gerald Grant)
Officers of the National Student Associa-
tion said yesterday that the Central Intelli-
gence Agency recruited agents from the
student organization's top echelons Over a
period of 14 years.
These officers, who declined to be quoted
by name, also asserted the CIA placed other
student leaders from their group in posts
with private foundations that serve as con-
duits for CIA-sponsored activities.
None of the NSA sources would divulge the
names of the past presidents and other high-
ranking officers of the organization who had
joined the CIA's ranks after one or two years'
service with NSA?the largest student group
in the country.
"Every year," one NSA source said, "the
CIA picked out a man or two that it could
trust and 'bred them about the undercover
funding" of the student organization. Some
of these young men would later join the CIA,
often acting as liaison agents to the student
group.
In some years, according to student officers,
the CIA contribution to NSA has run close
to $400,000 annually?about half the student
organization's budget in those years.
FEW KNEW OF ROLE
The CIA's hand-picked student leaders, all
in their earle 20s at the time of their recruit-
ment, were sworn to secrecy under the CIA's
charter. Since the early 1950o, when the
link with the CIA was formed, fewer than
100 student leaders knew of the intelligence
agency's role in a group whose ranks run in
the many thousands.
Yesterday, the NSA convened an emer-
gency meeting of its ten-member National
Supervisory 'Posed in an effort to deal with
the crisis. An NSA spokesman said the group
would issue no further statements until its
full governing body confers here today.
In the weke of the controversy, serious
consideration was being given to folding the
20-year-old NSA and to restructuring the
student group wider a new name and a new
charter.
Some NSA officials also favored speedily
removing the group from its headquarters at
2115 S at. nw., which NSA usee under a 15T
year rent-free agreement through funds ulti-
mately provided by the CIA through Boston's
Independence Foundation,
PRESIDENT DISAPPEARS
The scene at NSA's national headquarters
yesterday was one of total dismay that verged
at times on panic. W. Eugene Groves, 23,
NSA's current president, read a statement
several times for the television cameras and
then disappeared.
"Where's Gene?" an attractive NSA staff
member attired in a miniskirt inquired at
one point. "He's probably throwing up in
the men's room," a youth told her.
Robert Amory Jr., who was deputy director
of the CIA at the height of the agency's re-
lationship with the student organization, ac-
knowledged in a telephone interview that
"there was support to organizations like this. ,
It would have been nonsense for there not'
to be. U we hadn't done this, we could have
Just been run over by the Commie front orga-
nizatioru;" during the cold war years.
Amory said the CIA had given American
students "the wherewithal" to attend inter-
national student conferences such as the
Helsinki World Youth Festival in 1982 and
the Vienna Youth Festival in 1959. The stu-
dent organization was not officially repre-
sented at either meeting. Amory stressed
that he was not among the officials primarily
responsible for liaison with NSA.
Paul Poter, a vice president of NSA for
national affairs in 1961, said in a telephone
interview from Boston that NSA officers "col-
laborated more and more with the State De-
partment and the CIA and became known as
people who were willing to work in Some
sense as ccvers for CIA."
Potter, who is also a former president of
the left-leaning Students for a Democratic
Society, arid NBA's international arm was a
key front in student cold war politics.
He noted that the NSA became the prin-
cipal force behind the continuing Coordi-
nating Secretariat of the International
Student Conference, headquarters in Ley-
den, the Netherlands. The Leyden group
served as the Western counterpart to the
Communist-dominated International Union
of Students in Prague.
Edward Garvey, a former president of NSA,
' went to work for the Pentagon and then re-
signed to serve as the top officer of Leyden
group, Potter said. Garvey, currently a stu-
? dent at the Wisconsin Law School, could not
immediately be reached for comment.
It was reported that Garvey received a
67\
$3000 scholarship from the Independence
Foundation in 1962. Forint r NSA president
Dennis Shaul and Robert Frencis, a full-time
employe, also received grants froln the
foundation, believed to be a front for the
CIA.
NSA's current leadership while stressing
that the ties with the CIA have been "termi-
nated," acknowledged that the organization's
immediate past president, Illilip Sherburne,
had procured their present headquarters and
furniture in 1965 through a 3 CIA.
"There are a lot of people who say let's
haul the filing cabinets ant on the street
and get out of here," Robe -t Kunter. NSA-s
chief of student exchanges said. "W still
may."
In Boston, Paul Hellmutli, the trustee for
the Independence Foundation, which holds
the mortgage on the four-story building, war
not available for comment.
"Nobody's getting anythi kg," his secretary
at the Boston law firm of lisle & Dort- said.
Sherburne, in an interview with the Wash-
ington Post, noted that tee NSA's elected
supervisory board under hi, leadership knew
nothing of the CIA's conhection With the
student group. Other officials said this was
also true of the present board.
The former Student Assteiation president
.denied that the CIA had obtained draft de-
ferments for officers of t he organif ation
Sherburne was expecting such charges in the
forthcoming 10,000-word 11.,roparts article.
He pointed out that some half-deeen of
the organization's full-tinAe staff members
held lA classifications and "were in jeopardy
of being drafted." In January, 19813, Sher-
burne recalled, he went before the Presiden-
? tial Appeals Board of the Selective service
System to successfully plead that the young
men be granted , deferments. (Sherburne
had already won his own exemption, he
said,)
? Sherburne said he based his appetite upon
the fact that NSA's male staff and ?efficers
were all of draft age and that the group
"would be destroyed" uniees exemptions were
granted.
One source within NSA expressed grave
concern that the 'expceure of his groups
long-standing ties to the CIA would lead to
a wave of political arrests- -and possibly ex-
ecutions?abroad. "People are going to be
killed as a result of this," the source said.
He reasoned that foreign students who had
been granted NSA-financed scholarships to
study in the United States would now he
generally accused of being espionage agents
for the CIA.
NSA sources asserted that in 1957 and 1958.
the CIA had financed the ?dueation of hun-
dreds of Algerian 'students at American
schools.
At the time, an ultimatsey successful guer-
rilla effort to drive the French out of Al-
geria was under way. Penis responded by
expelling Algerian students from French
schools. The Algerian stedent program is
now being run openly, through NSA, by the
State Department.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Feb. 15:
19071
COVERT CIA Am TO STUD} NT UNIT IS CON-
FIRMED--FUNDS STJPPLIED FOR 14 YEARS,
STATE DEPARTMENT SATF.
(By J. Y. Smith)
Tiie Administration admitted yesterday
that for 14 years the Central Intelligence
Agency gave secret financial support to the
National Student Association.
A brief statement homed by the State De-
partment merely confirm4d that the covert
aid had been given, that for tWo yeses NSA
officials had been trying to terminate it, and
that longer ago than that Government sup-
port of the Association's leternationse activi-
ties had been "tapering off sharply."
Asked if the support Wats now ended, U.S.
officials referred newsineri to an NSA state-
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?g,n_iy?d - App
February
/intent that it would not receive any funds
from the CIA In 1967, .
Initial Congressional reaction to the dis-
closure was, for widely differing reasons,
critical of the CIA-NSA relationship.
nevrsricarecne omen
In a letter to President Johnson, eight
Democratic Congressmen called for an "im-
mediate investigation at the highest level"
and charged that the CIA "has compromised
and corrupted the largest student organiza-
tion in the largest democracy in the world."
A White House spokesman denied a report
that the President had ordered the CIA to end
all its covert aid programs to student groups.
UB. officials went to elaborate length to
explain the rationale behind CIA help for
NSA, which was estimated in various quar-
ters to total up to $400,000 annually since
1012. when the project began at the end of
the Truman Administration.
What they said boiled down to this: dur-
ing the Cold War tensions of the early 1950s,
the Communists were subsidizing student
delegates to international youth forums.
U.S. students lacked funds from private
sources to enable them to counter this propa-
ganda activity. So the CIA stepped in with
money.
Administration officials readily conceded
that if the financial support had been public,
tho credibility of NSA students would have
been destroyed on the ground that they were
agents of the Government. For this reason,
officiate said, the support had to be secret.
In fact, the officials maintained, NSA dele-
gates have been wholly free of any Govern-
ment influence. They said this was shown
by the fact that only two NSA officers a year
knew of the CIA support and that the orga-
nization's views have frequently differed
sharply with those of the Government.
PAID THROUGH FRONTS
The money was paid to the NSA through
at least five philanthropic organizations
which were acting as fronts for the CIA.
The agency is barred by law from operating
within the United States, although it has
done so in the past. The most notable ex-
ample of this was the staging of the ill-fated
Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961.
In making its brief formal announcement,
the State Department gave the clear impres-
Mon that it was merely acting as a spokesman
in the effort to get the CIA off the hook. Ad-
ministration sources said the statement had
been drafted with the help of CIA officials.
Officials disclaimed any knowledge of
whether the CIA had provided secret funds
for organizations besides the NSA.
Asked if the termination of the program
meant that the threat of Communist sub-
version around the world had diminished,
they said that the world has changed since
the early 1950s and that the threat was pos-
sibly less acute than formerly. Moreover,
they said, the NSA might now have private
sources of income to finance its activities.
Officials said that Congress had been in-
formed of the CIA-NSA hookup and that "all
other segments of Government" had also
been informed, presumably including the
White House.
rtep. George H. Mahon (D.-Tex.), the chair-
man of the House Appropriations Committee,
declined to comment on the disclosure. As
Chairman of the Committee, Mahon is sine
of the few congressional leaders who has any
detailed knowledge of CIA activities. It is
to him and a few of his colleagues, meeting
In closed sessions, that the Agency justifies
its budget requests.
"1 have got to he a good security Tisk,"
Mahon said.
Rep. William H. Bates (R-Mass,) another
CIA watchdog in the House, said he had not
read of the State Department statement and
that he was about to take his wife out on
the town. "It's Halloween. / mean Valen-
Uhtles Day." he said.
EaMitegil3RI,NEWC6MADAWAil49R000800130005+8035
The eight House Democrats who protested
the CIA's action in a letter to President
Johnson were George E. Brown Jr.. Phillip
Burton and Don Edwards of California; John
Conyers Jr. of Michigan; John G. Dow, Ben-
jamin B. Rosenthal and William F. Ryan of
New York; and Robert W. Nastenmeier of
Wisconsin.
Declaring that they were "appalled" to
learn of the CIA subsidy to NSA, they said
that it "represents an unconscionable exten-
sion of power by an agency of Government
over institutions outside its jurisdiction.
. . . It raises again basic questions concern-
ing the adequacy of oversight of the CIA.
"This diselosnre leads us and many others
here and abroad to believe that the CIA can
be as much a threat to American as to
foreign democratic institutions . . .
"In allowing this to happen, the American
Government owes an apology to the Ameri-
can people, and, more important, to an
American re, seantion."
Other Congressional leaders also expressed
surprise at being told of the CIA-NSA rela-
tionship, but they declined to comment.
They included Senate Majority Leader Mike
Mansfield ol Montarla and Sen. George Aiken
(R-Vt.)
The CIA-NSA link was roundly condemned
by Rep. Donald E. ("Buz") Lukens (R-Ohio),
a former National Chairman of the Young
Republicans. Considering the critical posi--
tions that NSA has taken on "problems
directly affecting the security of the United
States," Lukens said, the CIA's support of it
"is a prime example of a super-secret Gov-
ernment agency working against itself."
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Feb. 15,
1967]
STATEMENT ON CIA Am To NSA
(Following is yesterday's State Department
statement on CIA support of the National
Student Association:)
We have confirmed with the Central In-
telligence Agency that, as stated by the Na-
tional Student Association yesterday, its
leadersblp has been working over the past
two years to terminate the financial relation-
ship concerning the support of NSA's inter-
national activities which began In the early.
'50s. Even prior to that time (ed. note: two
years ago), the degree of governmental sup-
port for those activities had begun tapering
off sharply.
U.S. officials added these comments:
I. There was in the cold war tension of the
early 'Ns a spread of Communist subversive
activity in international youth organizations
and student groups, particularly in Asia,
Latin America and Africa.
2. American students, notably the Nation-
al Student Association, felt the need to
counteract this subversive and propaganda
activity and to express effectively their own
free ideas abroad. The Communist students
were Well financed from official sources. The
American students, however, were deeply
handicapped by lack of funds for overseas
work.
3. private contributions were insufficient,
hence the agreement between NSA and the
United States Government that the Govern-
ment wou el help support the NSA effort.
4. Governmental support for an institu-
tion such as NSA obviously raises difficult
and delicate problems. No matter how com-
plete the freedom of decision and action re-
tained by the students, such support is
bound to raise the legitimate question of
whether the purse does not influence the
policy. We understand and appreciate this,
but at an earlier ,time the alternatives were
limited.
5. Overt governmental support for these
NSA activities abroad would have destroyed
their utility, because NSA would hence have
been subjected to attacks as an instrument
of government. Its credibility as a free
spokesman, which in fact it consister tly has
been, would have been impugned at toe out-
set. Indeed, such attack would have come
precisely from those students who In fact
were paid agents of Communist goverionents.
6. Therefore, if support were to be given
at all, covert support was, the only feasible
alternative. The very fact that the .Ampol t
was covert and thus known only to two
NSA officers a year guaranteed the integrity
of the views expressed be the Mani' other
NSA members who participated in' interna-
tional sessions. But bemuse it was covert,
it also exposed the NSA aid the Government
to all of the associations which go Inevitably
with that word.
Next, it would be grossly unfair now to
accuse the students of hiving been propa-
gandists or agents, or to eccuse the Govern-
ment of attempting to influence wit st were
independent, free decisions and views?and
the NSA's decisions, policies and actions have
been free?as surely is evidenced by the fact
that the organization has frequently and
sharply differed with the Government. The
purpose of the Government support was to
provide free students witJi the means to do
the things they would have done unaided
had they had the funds.
[From the New York Times, Feb. If,, 19671
CIA Am ON CAMPUS? U.S. Expo tre so
i..;0IINTER INFLUENCE OF COMMUNISTS HURT
By N.S.A. DISCLOSURE
(By James Reston)
WASHINGTON, February 14.?The United
States Government's efforts to counter com-
munist influence in the universities. press
and trade unions of the world have been
seriously hampered by the discloshre that
the Central Intelligence Agency has been
helping to finance the National Student As-
sociation since 1952. It Is understood that
President Johnson has instructed the C.I.A.
to liquidate all secret ain programs to stu-
dent groups and to review all other programs
designed to combat Communist actit 'ties in
'other private organizations.
The controversy goes beyond the agency's
financial help to the student association. it
involves the relationship between the C.I.A.
'and private foundations that served as a
cover for the agency's funds. It involves
other foundations, such es the Fore: Foun-
dation, which also gave money of as own
to the N.S.A.
It places in jeopardy C.I.A. progsnms to
anti-Communist publications, radio and tele-
vision stations, and labor tunions. Ant it em-
barrasses a number of former officiels of the
student association, who knew about the sec-
ret funds to the association ar d are now
serving in important positions in the Gov-
ernment.
The history of the C.I.A.'s aid to the stu-
dent group helps explain both the po icy and
the embarrassing consequences of thet
policy. The fleet C.I.A. aid to the ass enation
was negotiated in. 1952 by William Denser,
then president of the student orgar faation.
He is now United States aid director ni Peru.
This is one of the awkward problems of
the current controversy. For present Gov-
ernment officials who were privy to the C.I.A.-
N.S.A. financial arrangements when they were
students are now likely to be identified with
the Central Intelligence Agency by Commu-
nists even though these officials no longer
have anything to do with the agency.
Among these former stut lent associe tion of-
ficials now with Government are Ralph A.
Dungan, United States Ambassador s, Chile
and former special assistant to Pr addents
Kennedy and Johnson; Robert Smith. special
assistant to the director of the Agency for
International Development; assintart Post-
master General Richard James Murphy; and
S. Douglass Cater, Jr., special assistant to
President Johnson, though Mr. Cater was an
official of the student group before the C,I,A.?
program started.
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The reason for establishing CIA. help to
the student association, however, is perfectly
clear. In the years immediately after the
second world war, the Soviet Union took the
lead in trying to organize and propagandize
the world student movement.
In 1946, when the first World Student Con-
gress met in Prague, the Communist delega-
tions gained control of several key positions,
and imposed the Moscow delegation's agenda
on ths meeting.
The first Soviet vice president of the Inter-
national Union of Students, for example, was
Aleksandr N. Shelepin, who later became
chairman of the Soviet State Security Com-
mittee.
The American delegates to the first meet-
? ing of the union of students first opposed
any open break with the Communists, but
after the Communist conquest of Czecho-
slovakia in 1948, when many students op-
posed the coup, the Americans finally broke
away from the union of students and organ-
ized their own student association.
FINANCIAL CONTRAST
From the first, however, the American stu-
dents were hampered by lack of funds, while
the union of students had enough money to
put on world youth festivals, world rallies,
conferences and forums, and regional con-
ferences.
All but the last two of these festivals were
held in Communist countries: Prague
(1947); Budapest (1949); East Berlin (1951);
Bucharest (1953); Warsaw (1955); Moscow
(1957); Vienna (1959) and Helsinki (1962).
The ninth festival has been scheduled for
Bulgaria in 1968.
The estimate here is that the Moscow fes-
tival alone, which brought students from all
over the world, and especially from the un-
derdeveloped world, cost in the neighborhood
of $100-million.
Against this sort of competition, the
American student leaders were in trouble.
Ironically, though they were opposed by the
Communist leaders of the union of students
as being maliciously conservative, they 'ere
opposed at home as being too far to the left.
The students were able to raise very little
money for organization or transportation,
though somehow left-wing American stu-
dents managed to get funds to attend stu-
dent meetings abroad.
It was against this background that the
N.S.A. officials approached the United States
Government in 1952 and received some finan-
cial help from the Central Intelligence
Agency, then under President Truman and
the director, William Donovan.
In the last seven or eight years, the agency
is understood to have put up an average of
$200,000 a year for the student association,
this amounts to about 25 per cent of the
association's annual budget.
This was, of course, known to Presidents
Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson. The
Senate committee that oversees the C.I.A. was
also informed about the program.
Other agencies also helped the student as-
sociation in special projects. Among them
were the Department of Health, Education
and Welfare, the Office of Economic Oppor-
tunity, the Department of State, and the
Agency for International Development.
However the disclosure by Ramparts mag;
azine of the C.I.A. aid to the student associ-
ation created a problem for President John-
son. The need for continued American
participation in the world student movement
still exists; Communist efforts to influence
the student leaders of the developing world
continues; Communist aid to labor union
leaders and newspaper and radio and tele-
vision organizations goes on; but secret
CIA. aid to these organizations, particularly
to university students, creates political diffi-
culties for the President.
Mr. Johnson is already under severe criti-
cism among some elements on the nation's
campuses. Universities have been criticized
for accepting special researcb grants from
the C.I.A.
Representative Wright Patman, Democrat
of Texas. has been threatening to investigate
the foundations of the country for years, and
these latest disclosures are not likely to dis-
courage his efforts in this field.
This helps explain much of the activity
here over the intelligence agency-student
association, story in the last few days. It is
understood that Michael Wood, a fund
raiser for the student group last year, who
was subsequently discharged, wrote a long
memorandum for Ramparts magazine on the
intelligence agency connection.
When officials here heard about the forth-
coming publication of the Ramparts story,
Allen W. Dulles. and John McCone, former
C.I.A. directors, were advised. So were mem-
bers of the Senate C.I.A. committee and Sen-
ators J. W Fulbright and Eugene McCarthy.
When President Johnson was informed of
the disclosure, he asked when the program
had started and ordered all such programs
stopped. The official word here is that the
student association funding did in fact stop
on Jan. 1.
The problem, however, remains. The bat-
tle to influence the student leaders of the
world continues, and there are no private
Institutions available to finance the Ameri-
can leader's
This was the problem that started the
C.I.A. program in the first place, and it still
exists, only without Government assistance.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
Feb. 15, 19671
CIA GAVE MILLIONS TO THREE ADDITIONAL
WORLD YOUTH UNITS
(By Robert Walters)
At least one domestic youth group and two
international organizations in addition to
the U.S. National Student Association have
received substantial support from the Cen-
tral Intellisence Agency.
The CIA's nnancial aid to NSA over a 15-
year period was acknowledged Monday night
by officers of the country's largest student
organization and confirmed yesterday by a
State Department spokesman.
But CIA support of the other three groups
has not previously been disclosed. They
are:
The U.S. Youth Council of New York, a'
confederation of 36 political, religious,
student and service youth groups.
The World Assembly of Youth of Brussels,
Belgium, a confederation of national youth
groups from 54 Western and non-aligned
nations.
The International Student Conference of
Leyden, the Netherlands, a similar confeder-
ation of approximately 60 national student
organizations from Western and non-aligned
nations.
MILLIONS OVER A DECADE
The CIA funds for those organizations,
totaling millions of dollars over a period of
more than a decade, were channeled to them
through foundations.
The principal donor to NSA and the three
newly disclosed organizations is the Founda-
tion for Youth and Student Affairs in New
York.
Despite the large contributions from the
CIA, youth and student leaders from this
country who have served in executive posi-
tions in, all of the groups do not believe their
independent.' of action was affected to any
great degree by the convert government sup-
port.
In the can of the two international groups,
a limited nuniber of U.S. citizens have tradi-
tionally ached In executive posts, and they
have usually been the only ones aware of
the source of the funds.
As government spokesmen said yesterday
in explaining the need for covert financial
support for NSA. the international organize-
tions received the CIA funds after it ecame ?
apparent that they were engaged In r bitter
struggle with apair of counterpart organi-
zations financed by Communist governments
for the allegiance of youth and studert lead-
ers in the emerging an non-aligned nations
of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Although their officers have frequently
been hesitant to force the international
organizations are, to a great extent, creatures
of the cold war.
? The two domestic groups?NSA and the
Youth Council?have sizable program: aimed
at increasing the politic a awareness and
participation of students stnd young !lessons
in this country as well as extensive interna-
tional programs.
CONTINUING raosnEst
But the two international groups are in-
volved almost entirely in is continuine ideol-
ogical struggle with a pair of counterpart
Organizations headquartered in Easte-rs bloc
countries.
The intensity of the Eadt-West dispute has
diminished somewhat in recent years, but
the concurrent development of independent
youth and student groups in emerging na-
tions has forced the international oreaniza-
tions involved to continue seeking toe loy-
alty of the non-aligned nation's students
and young people.
The International Student Conference
competes directly with the International.
Union of Students, located in Prague,
Czechoslovakia.
The World Assembly or Youth similarly
competes 'with the World Federation of
Democratic Youth, located in Warsaw.
Poland.
NSA represents students of this country
within the International Student Confer-
ence, while the Youth Council represents
this nation's young persons within the
World Assembly of Youth.
No U.S. organization is a member of the
Eastern bloc groups, but the student and
youth groups of some nonaligned nations
? belong to both Eastern and Western bloc
? International groups.
THE CIA ROLE
It is against that bacicground that the
CIA, in the early 1950s, 'Oegan to take an
Increasingly active role in providing financial
support for those group; sympathetic to
Western goals.
? Because NSA is by far ihe nation's most
poltically active student or youth group, the
CIA has come to rely upon it as a means
of developing potential recruits.
As a result of the ties among the four
principal organizations ;Imported by the
CIA, .their officers have fr,xtuently eagaged
in a form of organizational "musical chairs."
moving from one group to another.
Although funds have been channeled
through a number of foundations. the
Foundation for Youth ant Student Affairs
has been the principal donor of CIA-origi-
nated contributions.
The foundation's current director. Harry
Lunn, is a former NSA p.resident he said
yesterday his group was ? not a CIA front.'
Although the foundation does rely heavily
on the CIA for its money, it also reeeivea
.sizable contributions from a number of
wealthy U.S. citizens.
AIDED 20 GRO,rPE
Although its donations are made to a wide
variety of nonprofit grouos, much ,if the
foundation money goes to student and youth
sorganizations throughout the 'me d. Those
close to the foundation say it has provided
support for at least 20 such groups.
Although those America: is who served RA
Officers of the two Western- oriented interna-
tional organizations said tb sir dectsions were
not influenced by the CIA, all served Wet as
officials of the two domestic groupli where
their political Judgment and expertise were
evaluated by the CIA.
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,
the two domestic organizations, Public La-.v 89-777, which I approved
somewhat tighter?although always covert
and sometimes indirect?control was main-
tained by the CIA.
Oflicials at the Foundation for Youth and
Student Affairs and other foundations, for
example, would suggest projects to be under-
taken with their money.
SOME INTELLIGENCE WORK
Within all four organizations, the young
people also carried on a limited amount of
Intelligence work for the CIA. Confidential
reports from overseas representatives and
similar reports on foreign student or youth
leaders visiting this country would be for-
warded to the CIA.
The policies of all the groups involved were
generany liberal, and sometimes considered
radical by those of a conservative political
inclination.
At the last International Student Confer-
ence during the last summer, delegates
labeled this country an aggressor in both
Vietnam and the Dominican Republic.
The last National Student Conference,
sponsored by NSA last summer, endorsed
resolutions critical of many of this country's
4 or
domestic and international policies.
November 6. 1966.
I transmit also, for the information of
the Senate, the report of the Secretary
of State with respect to the amendments
and the accompanying report of the
United States delegation to the Third
'Extraordinary session of the Assembly of
IMCO.
I urge the Senate to give the amend-
ments early and favorable consideration.
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
THE WurrE HOUSE, February 15, 1967.
AMENDMENTS TO SHIP SAFETY
CONVENTION
Mr. BARTLETT'. Mr. President, the
amendments to the Convention for
Safety of Life at Sea which the President
has just sent to the Senate represent a
major step toward safe travel for pas-
sengers on the oceans of the world.
fety standards are established in-
rnationally under? this convention,
which was negotiated in 1960. Both the
960 convention and the predecessor con-
vention of 1948 had a basic flaw, namely
that old ships which were in existence
when the conventions were adopted were
not required to conform to the new
standards. These amendments will cor-
rect that flaw. They will require that all
passenger ships be constructed in the
structural parts of steel. They will also
require many other improvements in
keeping with modern safety standards.
We were shocked by the tragedy of the
Yarmouth Castle. Under the new rules,
there will be no more Yarmouth. Castles.
The old ships will have to be recon-
structed .or scrapped.
These rules will be effective around
the world, and their adoption through
the Intergovernmental Maritime Consul-
tative Organization will mean major im-
provement in passenger ship safety levels
wherever we travel.
Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr.
President, I note with pleasure the Presi-
dent's proposed amendments to the Con-
ventions for the Safety of Life at Sea,
to which there are presently 64 signatory
nations.
The amendments to this convention,
transmitted today to the Senate, would
make the convention conform to Public
Law 89-777, which sets forth safety re-
quirements for passenger vessels sailing
to and from U.S. ports, and which passed
the Congress last year.
One of the most dangerous of the haz-
ards which has attended the operation
of passenger ships over the years has
been the tragedy of fire at sea. This
was highlighted by the destruction of
the Yarmouth Castle which burned on
November 13, 1965, with a loss of 90 lives,
mostly our own citizens. We also re-
call the subsequent loss of the Viking
Princess, although in this case expert
seamanship by the officers and crew pre-
vented a major tragedy.
Spurred by these unhappy events, and
by many others, the Congress has taken
constructive action looking to the inter--
national adoption of higher safety stand-
ards to guard passenger ships against the
possibility of fires at sea.
Under the direction of the President
and with the full backing of both Houses
NTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR
SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA?REMOV-
AL OF INJUNCTION OF SECRECY
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, as in executive session, I ask
unanimous consent that the injunction
of secrecy be removed from Executive E,
90th Congress, First Session, the amend-
ments to the International Convention
for the Safety of,Life at Sea, 1960, trans-
mitted to the Senate today by the Presi-
dent of the United States, and that the
amendments, together with the Presi-
dent's message, be referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, and that the
President's message be printed in the
RECORD.
The message was referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, as follows:
To the Senate of the United States:
With a view to receiving the advice
and consent of the Senate to acceptance,
I transmit herewith amendments to the
International Convention for the Safety
of Life at Sea, 1960, which are intended
to improve the fire protection of ships,
especially passenger ships. These
amendments are annexed to the enclosed
copies of Resolution A.108 (Es.m) by
which they were adopted on November
30, 1966, by the Assembly of the Inter-
governmental Maritime Consultative Or-
ganization (IMCO) at its Third Extraor-
dinary Session, held in London Novem-
ber 28-30, 1966.
Tho principal amendments were
agreed upon and adopted by IMCO on
the initiative of the United States. The
amendments are the results of thorough
and expeditious multilateral negotiations
within an international organization to
meet the need, a tragically demonstrated
need, for better fire protection for pas-
senger ships.
Acceptance of the amendments by
two-thirds of the governments parties to
the convention, including two-thirds of
those represented on the IMCO Mari-
time Safety Committee, will incorporate
in the convention fire safety require-
ments that are consistent in every sub-
stantive respect with those required by
of the Congress, th.e 'United States took
the initiative in convening in November
1966 a special assembly of the Intergov-
ernmental Maritime Consultative Orga-
nization, a United Nation's body. This
assembly addressed its ill solely t ) higher
International standar Is to assure pas-
sengers that they would be as free as
possible from the daneer of fires at sea.
These new standards, which are
amendments to the Conventions for the
Safety of Life at Sea, are panicularly
important in that they require the up-
grading of safety standards on existing
passenger ships of all flags. In many
cases this upgrading will requin a sub-
stantial expenditure by the oy aers of
the vessels.
Not only did the special assembly rec-
ommend to governmet its the addition of
these new and higher standards, but the
assembly went one step further it rec-
ommended that governments should im-
mediately put the conditions of the pro-
posed amendments into effect before
these amendments become legally bind-
ing through the process of ratification
by governments.
This recognition of the gra% e prob-
lem of preventing fires at sea, as evi-
denced not only by the ame idments
themselves but by the decision that there
should be advance implementation, con-
stitutes a heartening example of intelli-
gent, dedicated, and effective interna-
tional cooperation.
These amendments which are now be-
fore the Senate are of particular im-
portance to our own' citizens. The car-
riage of American passengers from
American ports on ocean cruises has be-
come a major industry. While the ma-
jority of the vessels engaged in this in-
dustry are under foreign registry, the
vast' preponderance if the passengers
leaving these ports on foreign ships are
American citizens. And they deserve the
best possible protection.
While, as I have indicated, there is
international acceptance of the princi-
ple of "advance implementation," it is
clear that the earliest, possible ratifica-
tion of these amendments by the gov-
ernments signatory to the Convention
for Safety of Life at Sea is something
that we should all strive for. I hope
that the Senate will promptly consider
and give its advice and consent to these
amendments so that we may do our part
in preventing any further loss of life and
property through fires at sea on DRS-
senger ships.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I am
pleased to hear that the President has
sent to the Senate the amendments to
the Convention for Safety of Life at Sea
to improve the international srandards
for safety of passenger ships.
The burning of the Yarmou0 Castle
in November 1965 is a tragedy still very
much on our minds. This cat istronhe
must remain vivid in our memories to
prod us until the rules for passenger ship
safety are raised to a level where our peo-
ple can board vessels in international
commerce with confidence that this sort
of accident will not happen again.
These amendments, negotiated at the
Initiative of the United States through
the Intergovernmental Maritime Consul-
tative Organization, Will go a long way
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