CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00001R000100110056-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 2, 1998
• Sequence Number: 56
• Publication Date: July 14, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

0
W1NIi1 JJiViNi\1,
RECORD
Approved For Release 209&ff//jq~PIA-RDP75-0000
FOIAb
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY,
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr.:
President, I ask unanimous consent to,
have printed in the RECORD as a part of
my remarks a most Informative article
appearing in the July 18 issue of U.S.''
News & World Report entitled "What's
'CIA'?"
This interview with Adm. William F.
Raborn, retiring head of CIA, is most
!'informative, especially as to the scope of
CIA's operations and how it is directed,
supervised, and controlled by the Presi-
dent of the United States, various agen-
cies of the executive department of the
Government, as well as the Congress of
the United States.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,'.
as follows:
(From the U.S. News & World Report, June,
18, 1000)
WHAT'S "CIA"?-INTERVIEW WrrH ADM. WIL-,
LIAM F. RADORN, RETIRING HEAD of AMER
ICA'9 MO9rISECRET AGENCY
(NoTE~~LOnce more, the Central Intelli-
gence Agency-CIA-finds itself a center of,
controversy.
(Congress is studying a proposal to
broaden Its control and surveillance of the
wide-ranging inte11i0cnco organizations.
(Now questions ire raised, Just what is
CIA? What does it really do--and not do?
'Does anybody know all Its secrets, control'
Its activities?
(In this exclusive Interview, the man who
,headed Central Ini,elligenee this past year
takes readers of "U.S. News & World Report"
behind the scenes of CIA, describes Its work
Inge In detail.) .71
Question. Admiral Raborn, What is the'
specific charter of the Central Intelligence
Agency within the intelligence community?.:
'Answer. The National Security Act assigned'
1R~e funotione.to the Agency:,
Continued
Approved For Release 2000/05/24: CIA-RDP75-00001 R00010011.0056-4
 July 14, Droved For Red #t ,90010b7t12 c. RB 01 R000100110056-44939
'I'o advice the National Security Council- Answer, We don't pubiLah these figures, or
And of course the President-on Intelligence even rough proportions, because the infonna-
matters relating to national security; tion would be of groat use to the opposition,
'1'o co-ordinate all fore[ gn-lntelligonce so- but I can tell you this much: The man who
ttvltics of our Government; joins CIA has far less chance, In taro course of
To produce and disseminate finished na- his career, of Identifying with Janc,es Bond or
tionai intelligence within the Government; "The Spy Who Cause in From the Cold" than
To undertake what we call "services of he does of serving as an academic researcher,
common concern"-that is, functions which economist, scientist, statistician, adminis-
serve all the components of the Intelligence \trator, accountant, or supply officer.
community and can best be undertaken cen- Question. Another Idea is that the CIA Is
trally: stirring up insurrections, or starting and
And finally, to perform such other services maybe running little wars-
as the National Security Council may direct. Answer. This again Is a misconception,
That Is an specific as the Congress wanted our major business is national Intelligence,
to be. That fifth assignment Is the Agency's and so-called covert operations are a rela-
charter for clandestine activities, and you tively minor part of our over-all activities.
will notice It puts CIA directly under the The Government, after all, Is organized on a
control of the President's National Security pretty logical basis: The Department of State
Council. is in charge of foreign policy and foreign
Question. Tist emphasis appears to be on relations; running wars would be the busi-
Information gathering. Wouldn't It be more nose of the Defense Department; CIA has
palatable and just as accurate to call It the enough to do getting, coordinating, and dis-
"Central Information Agency"? seminating intelligence without running any
Answer. Our principal responsibility Is to wars.
gather, specifically, that information which Question. The National Security Act of
relates directly to national-security problems 1947 envisages a field of clandestine aetivi-
and objectives. The United States Informs- ties, however, where the CIA will play a role
tion Agency deals with Information in the which cannot be undertaken by State, or
broader sense of the term, and distributes It Defense, or other overt agencies of the United
outside the Government. It is useful both States Government. Do you have a free hand
to their operations and to ours to preserve there?
this distinction. Answer. Absolutely not. Any such activL-
There Is a further point In our professional ties are by direction of the National Se
terminology: "Intelligence," as we use the curity Council. To be precise, they must
term, refers to information which has been have the prior approval-in detail-of a com-
carefully evaluated no to its accuracy and mittee of the NSC on which top-ranking rep-
significance, The difference between "in- resontatives of the President, the Secretary of
formation" and Intelligence" is the Important State, and the Secretary of Defense meet
process of evaluating the accuracy and as- with the Director of Central Intelligence for
sensing the significance In terms of national this purpose, These gentlemen see to it not
security. only that every activity of the CIA is com-
Question, You just referred to "finished. pletely in consonance with the established
national Intelligence." What is that In your policies and objectives of the United States,
terminology? but that It Is also advantageous to the United
Answer. When it raw report has been States.
checked for accuracy, and analyzed and in- Question. With that approval, are you free
tegrated with all other available Information to operate no you wish in the field? Would
on the same subject by competent experts the U.S. ambassador in the country con-
In that particular field, we call It "finished cerned know about your activities there?
intelligence." When, In addition, it repro- Answer.,' ike other U.S. officials abroad,
sents the conclusions of the entire intelll- CIA's overseas personnel are subordinate to
genes community, than it Is "national In- the U.S. ambassadors. We are certainly not
telilgcnce." In short, we find that we need In competition with other U.S. representation
a terminology which can be more precise abroad-we complement and supplement the
and more limiting than the broad concept "country team" approach of the embassy to
of "information." official U.S. activities. We operate with the
Question. People seem to have the Im- foreknowledge and approval of the ambassa-
pression that the CIA is a big spying orga- dor.
nization-that it Is staffed almost entirely by Question. But some of our ambassadors
spies. Is there anything to that Impres- have denied any prior knowledge of activities
slon? which are known to be, or at least suspected
Answer. This, of course, Is the popular of being, CIA operations-
view of any intelligence organization, but Answer. Conceivably there might be an in-
it to highly distorted. Our job is to keep stance where the Department of State in
the top officials of the U.S. Government In- Washington would have reasons for not in-
formed of what Is happening around the forming the ambassador, Normal policy is
world that may affect the national security to have him informed,
of the United States? Question. Does the ambassador receive
Of course, much of the world's area and (your intelligence In the field, or does ho have
population In under a closed society, run by to get It from Washington?
governments that seek to conceal their ac- Answer. It is made available in the field
tivities and their objectives. They may be to the ambassador and designated members
hostile to us, and some classical espionage of Ilia staff. If the ambassador wishes, he
is required to give timely warning of when also gets the ultimate finished evaluation.
and how those activities and objectives might from headquarters, along with intelligence
threaten us. But, to maintain proper per. on other countries which may be of Interest
spectlvo, lot me point out that a great deal to him. The Department of State may also
of the raw information is public, or available isond to its embassies and legations the
with a certain amount of digging. finished intelligence reports prepiur.>d by CIA.
The principal role of an intelligence or- Question. You and your predeoouors have
ganization is to take what in overt and what stated, as have the President axrd Secretary
is secret and bring expert knowledge, back- Rusk, that CIA does not mak.o policy, but the
ground Information, and scholarly analysis accusation persists, Could this be because
to bear in a way which has nothing in com- your information contributes to policy
mon with the heroes of modern spy fiction. decisions?
Question. Could you give us the propor- Answer. To mnntain that record, lot me
tions between the analysts at home and the say again flatly that CIA doers not make
men In the field overseas who are collecting policy, and does aunt operate outside or con.
this Information? trary to established policy. Nov, scertainly
nobody would expect the top officials of a
government to make their decisions without
considering all available information. It is
the mission of CIA to provide the moot accu-
rate, the most comprehensive, and the most
objective Information available about mat-
ters which Interest our Government, together
with whatever we can learn or project about
possible impending developments. In spe-
clllc answer to your question, put the em-
phasis on "objective" information.
Question. But this information does play
a part in the decisions of Government-
Answer. The top officials of the Adminis-
tration, and for that matter, the legislators,
obviously find it useful, because there is a
constant Increase in the demand for our
current intelligence and our projective esti-
mates. Lot me point out that there is one
unique contribution the CIA makes to Gov-
ernment officials 'facing a choice between
alternative possible courses of action. Pre-
cisely because the CIA does not commit It-
self to any one choice among the alternatives,
our intelligence input is free from partisan-
ship or advocacy, and recognized by the
recipients as objective.
Question. Isn't it true that much of the
information you gather isn't really secret at
all, but would be available to anybody In the
right spot at the right time?
Answer. Yes. In fact, a considerable part,
of the information used by the Agency in
preparing its finished Intelligence reports Is
derived from the foreign pros and radio,
from technical journals of foreign countries,
and from official publications of these coun-
tries.. We don't disregard Information sim-
ply because it Is not secret. Finished In-
telligence, however, consists of the expert
correlation and interpretation of all the In-
formation we can obtains by both overt and
clandestine means.
CIA's BROAD INTERESTS
Question. Do you gather Information about
domestic events In foreign countries, as well
as the operations of foreign governments?
Answer. Our Interests and responsibilities
may vary from country to country, but they
are pretty comprehensive, It is obviously
Impossible to confine yourself to a nation's
foreign affairs if you are responsible, for In-
stance, for assessing the stability of the
regime, the health of the economy, or the
prospects for subversion in the boondocks.
Question. Do you collect Information of a
business nature?
Answer. We collect economic Information
which may be useful to the security interests
of the U.S. Government-and we collect It
.exclusively for that purpose.
Question. Do you have to cover every cor-
ner of the whole world?.
Answer. Of course we have priorities, but
our intelligence requirements are worldwide.
Our top Administration officials need factual
and unbiased Intelligence on a timely basis
as one of the ninny elements which go into
the decisions they have to make. At a mini-
mum, we have to have certain basic informa-
tion on hand about virtually every country
in the world. Country X-you name it--
might appear remote and totally unrelated
to our national security, but It Is nevertheless
impossible to state with certainty that de-
tailed information about country X will not
become necessary to o.ir Government on a
crash basis some day.
Question. How detailed?
Answer. The basic Information on -foreign
countries which is compiled in what we call
the National Intelligence Surveys already
adds up to more than 10 times the size of
"The Encyclopaedia Brltannica." Much of
this information, of course, is hardly secret.
It has to cover such prosaic matters as eco-
nomic statistics, legal codes, sociological con-
ditions and transport facilities, but It comes
in handy when our customers start playing
Approved, For :Release. 2000105/24 CIA-RDP75-0.0`00' RQ00:1'00'11-005&'-4
 14Ag roved For Release 0100110056411 14, 19cr
y
e na
ona
interest,
and-as I mentioned at the outset-the
added statutory responsibility to "correlate
and evaluate Intelligence relating to the na-
tional security, and provide for . . . appro-
priate dissemination."
For exalnple, a piece of political intelli-
gence from one country and the Army at-
tache's report from another country may add
lip to a conclusion of major significance to'
the National Security Council, or specifically
to the Atomic Energy Commission. It 1s
CIA's responsibility to see to it that the two
halves do get added up In Washington to
make the whole, and furthermore that the
finished evaluation reaches the department
which needs It,
CONTROLS ON XNTELLXGENCE
Question. But how do you avoid duplica-
tion of effort in the field?
Answer. The United States Intelligence,
Board, which represents the entire Intolil-
gonco community, establishes guidelines and
priorities for the Intelligence-collection ef-
fort. This machinery can control unneces-
sary duplication, but when you are after the
closely guarded Information that affects our
national interest, duplication of effort Is
often desirable rather than unnecessary.
Question. Are the State and military-In-
tolilgence people operating under handicaps,
in comparison to CIA, In obtaining
Information?
Answer. You have to take into considers-,
tion, firstly, that the collection of Intelli-
gence is not the primary responsibility of the
Department of State and the Department of
Defense, and, secondly, that the representa-
Approved For Release 2000/05/24,: CIA-RDP75=000011 000.0.1.0,0111`0056-4
Question. At what point do you feel that tives they send abroad must operate in the
this type of information-the basic data, the open its recognized officials of the U.B. Gov.
inforntat.ion which is open to the public- ornment. In effect, CIA often is in better
should be reported back on it running basis postion to obtain necessary intelligence be-
to our Government-ns fast as you get it? cause CIA is specifically organized for this
Answer. This goes back to the distinction kind of collection and can give it first
between information and intelligence-and priority.
the needs of our Government. If everything If, by handicaps, you mean the obstacles
is quiet, there may be an occasional situa- which foreign governments place In the way
tion report based largely on open informs- of intelligence collection, foreign govern-
tion. If the situation has a direct rotation to monte make every effort to preserve their es-
U.S. national-security interests, particularly sential secrets, just as we do. Year by year,
in a crisis, we will be trying to get as close security procedures become more sophisti-
to "rent time" reporting as modern com- cated and harder to circumvent, so that skill
munlentions permit, and specialization are even more necessary.
Question. Is the Information which you On the other side of the coin; there are few,
collect interpreted by somebody on the scene, if any, countries in the world today which
or does It reach you in raw form so that are as much of an "open society" as the
you can sort out the facts from the opin- United States.
ions? Question. What about co-operation with
Answer. We require the original report, or the Intelligence services of friendly countries?
the original statement of the primary source, If we collect information which is Important
whenever we can get It. When this "raw to one of our allies, is it passed to them?
material" reaches us, It may be accompanled Answer. I am not at liberty to go into
by the opinions and Interpretations of 1n- detail, but wherever it is of mutual interest
termedinries through whom the information' and advantage, there is substantial co-opera-
has passed, and by the informed comment tion among the intelligence services of
and preliminary evaluation of our own col- friendly countries.
lectors in the field, but these additions are Question. Does machinery exist to cor-
clearly labeled as such, relate all of the information that flows into
Question. How do you co-operate in the Washington, and refine it into firm and
field with the other elements of your intelll- useful conclusions?
gence community? Aren't CIA and State Answer. Yes-specifically, the United
and the military-Intelligence people all look- States Intelligence Board, or USIB, which
Ing for much the same Information? advises and assists the Director of Central
Answer. Our finished national Intelligence Intelligence and is under his chairmanship.
derives from the work of all of the elements This Board meets every week, or more often
of the Intelligence community. Foreign if nece ,,ary, to co-ordinate the work of all
Service officers provide the Department of of the intelligence components of the U.S.
State with political Intelligence, commercial Government, It consists of the Deputy Di-
attaches are responsible for economic in- rector of Central Intelligence, who represents
formation, the military attaches send Mill- CIA so that the Director, as USIB chairman,
tary Intelligence to their respective services, will be uncommitted; the Director of Intelli-
and, for that matter, there are agricultural gence and Research, Department of State;
attaches and labor attaches. All of them the Dhro
to
f th
D
f
c
r o
e
e
ense Intelligence
provide departmental intelligence for the Agency: the Director of the National Se-
speclRc needs of specific departments. All curity Agency; an Assistant Director of the
of these reports are also available to CIA. FBI; and the Assistant General Manager for
The Agency has been added to supplement Administration of the Atomic Energy Com-
and expand the collection and fill any gaps., lssion. The heads of Army, Navy and Air
It has a broader charter for all types of in- arcs Intelligence moot with the Board an
telllgenco necessar
in th
ti
l
ooservexs.
USIB assigns intelligence priorities to Bee
to it that there are no gaps in our coverage,
and insures that the judgments which go
forward to the President are finished national
Intelligence.
This job of correlation and co-ordination,
however, starts long before the product
reaches USIB for final review. More and
more, as we develop and refine the concept of
an intelligence community, the analysts and
the specialists in one component are in con-
stant touch and interchange with their op-
posite numbers in the other departments and
agencies, so that the national-intelligence
process begins as soon as the raw information
reaches Washington, if not before.
As for moving from the raw information to
a firm and agreed conclusion, in many In-
stances this can be done by the expert ana-
lysts available, backed up by our storehouse
of background knowledge. There will always,
of course, be the "unknowables"-questions other. This allows us to combat Interns.
which have no definitive answers, possibly tional conspiracy in the most effective poe-
because the future Is open to the effects of Bible manner.
many variables, or because the future do- The division of responsibility for elandes-
ponds on decisions which- certain foreign tine operations, of course, should not be
statesmen may not even have made yet, confused with the perfectly overt contacts
Who will succeed the Prernler of country X? CIA has domestically-for example, with ex-
When and by whom will there be a coup in ports In the profeslonal world to discuss In.
country Y? ternational situations and exchange
Our Government leadlers need and request analysos.
our best answers on the "unknowables." Question. Do you work largely in a vacuum,
This we do in our National Intelligence .Esti- with little or no contact with the root of the
mates. From what we do know, the beat Government outside the Intelligence cotnrnu-
thi
k
n
ing available in the entire intelligence pity?
community makes rational Inferences about ' Answer, By no means. It is inherent In ihe
the, unknown-with varying but specified de- ' concept of a Central Intelligence Agency thel
grees of confidence, and an occasional ir f.
note reflecting an individual dissent from t),#
agreed opinion.
Question. How many of theno cstlmstn4 d,,
you produce?
Answer. It varies with the need, no 1_,t.l.
mato is not a global periodical, on a ore ill,
or daily basis; it addresses itself to the pmeb.
able course of one development, or one coun-
try. Many of the Estimates comp out with A
scheduled frequency-annually, for Inetnnre
if necessary. Some are produced In Umn ,
crisis In a matter of hours. All are gesre,i
to the intelligence needs of the top Govern.
mont officials. All reflect the grentcst pas,;.
his professional skill and dispnssionnlo se.
jectivity we can bring to bear. CIA has n
ax to grind, and does not permit It.s if to Ix.
come advocate of a specific policy in prrl.ut?
Ing an Estimate.
All aspects of every Estimate get the full.
est consideration, by the interngency "t1?
Ing groups which begin the drafting, by the
Board of National Estimates--a group of dt,,
tinguished senior omcers of long exprryenew
and proven competence In diverse field, rf
Government-and by the United Stair4 In-
telligence Board. In the end, the Nnllens!
Intelligence Estimate Is the report of V.#
Director of Central Intelligence to the l'n-.l-
dent and the National Security Council.
Question. Can this machinery operate fa,i
enough to permit quick action when the new
of information suggests Impending d.nt;w,
or trouble?
Answer, The process in extremely flexIi'1e
Conceivably, when the schedule permIts, t.
draft of an annual Estimate might elfin IV%'
or three months before the target dale, h'
permit comprehensive and deliberAle n,n,
sultation, reference to the field, slid m f?riN
On the other hand, the Board of Nsllor.si
Estimates when required can complete rlh.i
we call a "SNIE"-a Special Notional IM- 0.
ligence Estimate-in a matter of hour, as t
said.
As for Immediate Intelligence on eutrwat
developments, we are geared to envois. I",
formation, evaluate it, produce nltrtiireo+e
and react 24 hours a day, seven dnyx a wetii
Nobody In the Agency, from the annlyst4 is
the Director, is guaranteed a night's unin-
terrupted sleep, or an unbroken werk?end,
WOIUCSNO wma `rrlR SraC
Question. As we understand It, the Can.
tral intelligence Agency lose not run Annie.,
tine operations of any kind within the
United States, Is that left entirely to the
FBI? N
Answer. The CIA has the responsibility for
conducting operations outside the country;
the FBI has as Its principal mission the In-
ternal security of the United Stntee and 114
possessions.
There Is, of course,.closo co-operation And
considerable interplay between our orgnnirn.
tions, because we are combatting an Inter.
national conspiracy whose operations And
agents move back and forth between thin
country and foreign nations. Tihe rill And
CIA therefore work very closely together and
keep each other Intimately informed on Items
 . ' ,mly 14, W roved For R ~'~ $. tD~'$~ 601 R000100110056-44941
I any branch of the Government which has a' Govenunout, to keep us informed on new Answer. The Central Intelligence Agency
to glt.imato need for information can call on developments and techniques which could budget Is reviewed fully by the Bureau of
mg for it. By the same token, when we need be of us to us. On these panels are the the Budget, which requires the same assur-
expertise to help its In evaluation, or In the best brains In this country, on virtually the ances and Justifications for expenditures by
accomplishment of any of our missions, we entire range of human endeavor. We con- Intelligence agencies that it requires from
will not hesitate to go anywhere In the Gov- tract for studies and research projects, wher- any other part of our Government. We are
ermnent or outside it, within the limitations over in the United States these can best be not immune from detailed examination of
of security, where we might expect to find the performed. our requests by the Bureau, nor are we ex-
necessary help. But our closest ties, of CIA has long made it a practice to die- empt from Its skillful pruning knife.
course, are within the intelligence commu- cuss its evaluations of the international sit- We have to go to Congress for our funds,
? r nlty, and to the top officials of the executive untlon with top men in the civilian world,
bra just like other agencies. The only dlffer-
nch. We have done a great deal of this, but we once Is tint, after our requests hate been
Question. What form do your intelligence must do still more. Ono of my last acts approved by certain special congressional'
reports take? with the Agency, for Instance, was to order subcommittees, the specific appropriations
Answer. We disseminate finished intolll- oven greater interchange with the nongov- are then lumped In for passage with other
gence In an Infinite variety of formats, tail- ernmental experts on China.
appropriations, to deny hostile intelligence
ored to specific purposes. I reported fro- Question. Have you found that the spo- services Information about our activities
quently in person, of course, to the President radio criticism, among the lines that spying which would be very useful to them. We
and to the National Security Council. I have is a devious business and that CIA operates have meticulous auditing procedures to in-
mentioned the Estimates. and our "fib-frx,t without an
......,.,_
c
ntr
l has
d
y
o
o
ma
e
4 shelf" of Daslc background information,
In addition, we have daily, weekly and
monthly publications, some global in scope,
some for a specific country or crisis. When
Mon ordered situation reports as often as
every hour on the hour, around the clock.
Then there are Individual memoranda which
give us great flexibility in scope, format,
deadlines and distribution. And we also turn
out studies in depth which are the equivalent
of a scholarly book or a doctoral dissertation.
Various publications have dissemination lists,
depending on their sensitivity and purpose,
which range from less than half a dozen
copies to hundreds.
Question. What is the "ancestry" of the
CIA in U.S. Intelligence activities? Does It
operate differently from its predecessors?
Answer. The Agency grew from the need to
establish a centralized and objective Intelli-
gence organization in peacetime. A primary
Pearl Harbor, and the determination to In-
sure against such surprises in the future.
The requirement for a centralized organi-
zation stemmed from the successful experi-
ence during World War II of the Office of
Strategic Services under General Donovan.
The requirement was made all the more real
by the threat posed by an evangelistic Inter-
national Communism which became readily
apparent shortly after the close of World War
II. There was general agreement within the
Government that there was need for a non-
partisan co-ordinating agency in the intelll-
gence field. As a result, the CIA was created
in 1947.
In some respects the Ofllco of Strategic
Services of World War II was our ancestor,
but it did not have CIA's responsibility for
co-ordinating the work of the entire Intelli-
gence community, or our requirement for
across-the-board coverage.
Question. Does CIA have anything that
might be called regulations to govern its
activities? Who prescribes them?
Answer. Is there a Government agency
nearly 20 years old that doesn't have a rule
book? Start with the original legislation,
which spells out the mission of CIA and pro-
vides that we function at the behest and
under the control of the President and the
NSC. Under that charter, CIA is governed
by several layers of regulations known as
the "Nonskids," or National Security Council
Intelligence Directives; the DOID's, or Di-
rector of Central Intelligence Directives,
Issued by the Director in his capacity as
chairman of 1ISIB, and head of the intelil-
genco community; and finally, as In the ones
of any other governmental component. CIA's
own Agency regulations.
HELP FROM "BEST DRAINS"
Question. Do you have any counsel or ad-
'Hsers outside the Government?
Answer. We have several panels of teoh-
n1cal experts, both inside and outside the
Approved For.,Release 2000/05/24: CIA-RDP75-00091R00010Ot10056 4'.
luctanco on these grounds, although there
is always the more general concern of the
academic world that governmental funds and
governmental projects must not be accom-
panied by unwelcome controls or commit-
ments. On the whole, patriotic citizens In
all walks of life are glad to work with us in
serving the national-security interest. The
intelligence conununity finds this very grati-
fying, because It helps us give the President,
the executive branch, and the legislative
branch the very best judgments that the
best minds In this country can arrive at.
"UNDER FULL SCRUTINY"
Question. Is there any other Administra-
tion control of your operations besides the
special National Security Council committee
you mentioned?
Answer. The CIA and Its ' activities have
been reviewed in detail In the pact by Hoover
Commission task forces, the Doolittle Com-
mittee, the Clark Committee,- and several
special Investigating bodies for specific pur-
poses. On a permanent basis, the entire
Intelligence community Is under continuing
and full scrutiny by a most knowledgeable
and distinguished board of private citizens
appointed by the President. This Is the
President's'%i$Forelgn Intelligence Advisory
Board, first established in January of 1966 as
the Kililan Committee, and now under the
chairmanship of Mr. Clark Clifford, The
present membership includes Dr. William O.
Baker of Bell Telephone Laboratories; Mr.
Gordon Gray, former Special Assistant to
President Eisenhower and onetime president
of North Carolina University: Prof. William
Langer of Harvard; Gen. Maxwell Taylor; Am-
bassador Robert Murphy, former Under Sec-
retary of State; Mr. Prank Pace, Jr., former
Secretary of the Army and former Director
of the Bureau of the Budget; Dr. Edwin Land.
head of the Polaroid Corporation; Adm. John
Sides, USN (ret.); and Mr. Augustus Long,
formerly the top executive of the Texas
Company.
sure the tightest possible control over the
expenditure of funds entrusted to the CIA,
Question. In light of the recurring argu-
ments about a so-called "watchdog commit-
tee" for CIA, how much Information does
Congress actually get-not your Intelligence
reports, that Is, but information about your
activities, your budget, and so on?
Answer. Ever since CIA was first estab-
lished, the Director has been authorized
and In fact directed to make complete dis-
closure of CIA activities to special subcom-
.mittees In both the Senate and House.
In the House, the Appropriations Com-
mittee and the Armed Services Committee
each have a special subcommittee for this
purpose.
In the Senate, there are corresponding
subcommittees which usually meet jointly.
In addition, the Director reports regularly
to the Joint Congressional Committee on
Atomic Energy on Intelligence matters in
that field.
Now; when I say "complete disclosure," I
mean complete--and frequent. The CIA is
completely responsive to their questions, no
matter how sensitive. I have discussed mat-
ters with these special subcommittees which
are so sensitive that only a small percentage
of the personnel In CIA have access to them.
And In case there Is any suggestion that
these meetings are sporadic and casual: In
my first 12 weeks as Director I found that
I was called to 17 meetings with these con-
gressional committees. Our legislative log
for the year 1065 shown that the Director or
his senior aides met a total of 34 times with
the four special subcommittees.
Question. Are they the only Congressmen
who receive Information from CIA? Intelli-
matters?
Answer. No, there were also 19 other com-
mittee hearings In 1086, for Instance, to ob-.
tahn substantive Intelligence from CIA-and
some of these hearings ran no long as three
full days to hover the Intelligence apprecia-
'i'nls Board meets in full session about quently brief individual members of Con-
every six weeks, to examine in depth and .'gross..
detail the work and the progress of the entire Lot me make this distinction clear: I
U.S. intelligence program. The meetings had authority to brief any congressional
last two or three days and include compre- committee having a jurisdictional Interest
hensive discussions with the Director and on substantive global Intelligence. But dis-
his senior officers, heads of other intelligence cussion of CIA activities, methods, and
components, and senior officials of the Gov- sources is another matter. Public Law 80-
ernmont who are our "customers." 263 of 1947-that's the National Security
Upon completion of each such
i
th
sess
on,
e Act-makes the Director of Central Intelll-
Board reports to the President and makes genes exclusively responsible for protecting
recommendations for the Improvement of
the Intelligence effort. In addition, the the security of the sources and methods of
Board has a number of two-man or three- ? the entire Intelligence community. I was
man panels and subcommittees to delve more authorized by the President and by National
deeply and on a full-time basis into specific 'Security Council directives to discuss such
aspects and categories of Intelligence work, matters only with the special subcommittees
Question. What about control of your designated for this purpose, not with any
 proved For Release}W//~NGIA-WSPl?-OO6b~R0601001100561Y lOGO
PROTECTINO CIA AGENTS
Question. What 1s the reason for this liml-
tatlon?
Answer. It IS not arbitrary or bureau-
cratio-wo are ta.feguarding the lives of
trusted agents and our own staff people all
over the world who contribute to our Gov-
ernment's Intelligence objectives,
We owe It to them to take every prccau-
tlou to protect them-and we owe it to our
Government to deny hostile intelligence
services even Indirect hints or the slightest
clues which might enable them to take stops
to blunt our intelligence operations, methods
and sources.
Question. Do you mean It is a question of
security leaks?
Answer. I prefer to say Inadvertent dis-
closure. Even a professional intelligence of-
ficer has to be alert to draw the line between
information which helps to evaluate or au-
thentlcato a piece of raw intelligence, and
information which might point to the source
or the method we used to obtain It. The
more people who have both types of infor-
mation, the more you multiply the chance
that somebody will overstep that line by
accident.
Question. How damaging can such dis-
closures be?
Answer. Well, the minute you even hint
that you have Information the other fellow
has been trying to keep secret, It is one of the
first principles of the art that he will do
everything possible to locate and destroy your
source, or disrupt your method of operation.
If the opposition is given any clues to help
pinpoint the source, the counterintelligence
job is that much easier.
INFORMATION FOR CONGRESS
Question. Have the special CIA subcom-
mittees in Congress expressed any dissatis-
faction over the years that they were not
getting enough Information?
Answer. We have never withheld any in-
formation, substantive or operational, from
the four special subcommittees. On some
occasions, In fact, they have asked us not to
give them the identities of Very sensitive
because they did not wish to know,
sources
,
and we have complied. If you refer to dis-, pf competence In those who have to help us
which we have-rather than the amount we dom."
give them-no professional intelligence oper- And President Johnson, when he swore me
ation anywhere In the world 1s ever satisfied In as Director of Central Intelligence on
with the extent of its knowledge, and these April 28, 1066, put it this way:
gentlemen have been working with us long ,we have committed our lives, our prop-
enough so that they have probably acquired erty, our resources and our sacred honor to
this same professional dissatisfaction. the freedom and peace of other men, Indeed,
Question. What about the effect of the to the freedom and peace of all mankind.
criticism on your own personnel? We would dishonor that commitment, we
Answer. I think it Is an ? eloquent testi- . would disgrace all the sacrifices Americans
monial to the dedication of the people in have made, if we were not every hour of every
CIA that the criticism has not affected their day vigilant against every threat to peace
morale. Dear in mind that, by our rules, and freedom. That is' why we have the Con-
,they cannot answer, deny, or refute the ad- tral Intelligence Agency."
verse comment, even when it Is patently and Question. Just what are the duties of the
sometimes viciously false. Add to that the Director of CIA?'
onsibilities for the nation's secu-
es
ve
p
gra
r
rity, the pressure, the anonymity of achieve- Answer, The National Security Act of 1047
and the constant need for security created the position of Director of Central
at
m
,
e
alertness-it is a source of pride, and noth- Intelligence, or DCI, for short. The DCI
ing short of amazement, that we keep our is not only the Director of CIA-he is also
people, and keep getting more good ones. 'first and foremost the principal adviser on
I asked recently for some statistics on how foreign intelligence to the President and the
long our personnel had been with us, The National Security Council. And he is also
answers showed that more than a quarter of chairman of the United `States Intelligence
our professional personnel-as differentiated Board, or USIB, which brings together the
from the clerical-had been with CIA more entire intelligence community,
than 16 years, and that an astounding 77 per Question. Now that you have just left the,
cent had 10 years or more of intelligence ex- Central Intelligence Agency after more than
perlenco. About 16 per cent have graduate " 14 months as Director, what is your opinion
degrees; 6 per cent have the doctorate. of the Agency?
When you consider only the analysts who Answer, Excellent. It IS the finest organi-
have the direct responsibility in headquar- zation I have over been, associated with.. The
ters for analysis of a foreign area, six out of people at CIA are dedicated, loyal and highly
10 of them had lived, worked or traveled capable. I found the Agency well up to Its
abroad even before they came to CIA. When exacting requirements as our first line of
you combine all the years required for gradu- national deferlsa.
Approved' For. Release 2000/05/24: CIA-RDP75-00001 10001.00110056-4;
ate study, foreign experience, and then 10 t0 AFTER DOMINICAN CRISIS
16 years of intelligence work, it adds up to Question. Why are you leaving now?
an impressive depth of knowledge, comps- Answer. When President Johnson called
tenco and expertise at the service of the na- me out of retirement from Government ecrv-
tion. lee, I asked him first how long I would ho
I have been careful to stick to percentages, 'needed. He told me I could serve six months,
but In actual numbers, we could easily and or a year, or no long as he was In office, or
adequately staff the faculty of a university until I was Satisfied with certain ndminis-
with our experts. In a way, we do, Many of trative tasks, including, in particular, long-
those who leave us join the faculties of uni- range planning.
versitirs and colleges. Some of our person- I'm taking the fourth option, but I also
ncl take leaves of absence to teach, and renew came close to the one-year hitch. Actually,
their contacts with the academic world. I the President had had my resignation in
Suppose this is only fair; our energetic ro-' hand for about three weeks when he an-
cruiting effort not only looks for the best pounced it. I came in with the Dominican
young graduate students we can find, but crisis; and you might say it behooved me to
also picks up a few professors from time to stay until peaceful elections brought a duly
time. constituted Government Into being.
Question, What about the criticism that Question. Admiral Raborn, what are you
the CIA uses "dishonorable" methods? Do going to do now?
you operate on the principle that the CIA, as Answer. I plan to take a short rest and
a participant in the cold war, is Justified In
then returA to American Industry with the
Answer. Let's be quite clear In our minds
that an adversary does not go by the Marquis
of Queensberry rules. It is a rough fight,
and the CIA may have to be clandestine from
time to time, but I emphatically reject the
word "dlshonorablo."
The men and women in CIA are, after all,
Americans with the iaarae ideals, the same
ethics, the same moral codes as the rest of 111
the nation. I have with me a copy of a re-
Secretary Rusk made to a press con-
mark
fercncn last wintrr, which I would like to
read inro your record if I may.
"I w,,ulci emphasize L;o you that CIA Is not
engage I In activities not known to the senior
should also bear In mind that beneath the
level , public discussion, there is a tough
struggle: going on in the back alloys all over
the world, It's a tough one, it's unpleasant,
and no one likes it, but that Is not a field
which can be left entirely to the other aide.
And so, once in a. while, some disagreeable