ALLEN DULLES OF THE 'SILENT SERVICE'

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70-00058R000100010057-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 17, 1998
• Sequence Number: 57
• Publication Date: March 29, 1953
• Content Type: NSPR

NEW YORK 'ITA
MAR 29 1953
Allen Dfl OOh Silent Service'
Central Intelligence Agency's first civilian Director is steeped
in the ticklish skills of the spy and counter-spy.
131 CRBELL PHILLIPS
WASHINGTON.
THE job of determining what is
going on inside Russia-a fact of
critical importance to this coun-
try as mysterious moves take place be-
hind the red-brick walls of the Krem-
lin-is in the hands of America's
"silent service." That organization is
the Central Intelligence Agency, whose
business is collecting every shred of
fact, rumor and speculation we can lay
our hands on. Such intelligence comes
into C. I.. A.'s unpretentious Wash-
ington headquarters these -days in
countless trickles and driblets from
countless sources. It is the task of the
C. I. A. to sort out these fragments
and reassemble them into an intelligible
and coherent picture.
The man who directs the job, Allen
Welsh Dulles, younger brother of the
Secretary of State, is thoroughly
steeped in both the cloak-and-dagger
and the striped-pants techniques neces-
sary in this ticklish kind.of work. Yet
he looks neither like an undercover
agent nor like a diplomat. Even in ac-
tion he manages to preserve the com-
posure as well as the look of the head-
master of an English boys' school. His
buoyant friendliness even when the
pressure is on, which it often is now,
enhances the illusion.
A career man, Dulles is the first ci-
vilian to head our secret intelligence
system. At 59 he is lithe. and active,
a little above average height and with
a slight bookish stoop to the shoulders.
He has a high intellectual forehead sur-
mounted by a? tidy thatch of sparse
gray hair, and he wears a close cropped
gray mustache. His clothes have the
expensively casual look of Saville now
and his teeth are usually clenched
around the stem of a thick briar pipe.
His appearance and manner, in fact,
are rather disarming in an office where
virtually every desk drawer and waste-
basket seems to be tagged with the
stern reminder, "CLASSIFIED."
WHEN r HEN he is seen at his ease in the
quiet elegance of his old house in
Georgetown (a few blocks away from
that of his brother, Foster) there is
no intimation that his head is packed
with more explosively secret infor-
mation than that of perhaps any other
official in Washington. A man of
cultured tastes and cosmopolitan in-
terests, he is an animated-conversation-
alist on almost any topic except the
one he knows most about-the inner
workings of the C. I. A. When the talk
veers in that direction he adroitly
changes the subject, or, failing, pre-
serves a. grim and disapproving silence.
The model for an effective and effi-
cient secret intelligence system has al-
ways been the "Silent service" of the
British Foreign Office. Here the expe-
rience of some 300 years of continuous
maneuvering In the devious and shad-
owy bypaths of international diplomacy
has developed a background of high
CABELL PHILLIPS is the Washington corre-
professional skill and a career tradition
of unsurpassed loyalty.
It was not until the outbreak of
World War II that this country began
some feverish and elaborate improvisa-
tions to create a strategic intelligence
system as contrasted with the conven-
-tional but outmoded "battlefront" intel-
ligence of Army G-2 and the Navy's
O. N. I. And it was not until 1947 that
the undertaking was given formal and
permanent status when the C. I. A. was
created under the National Security
Act. But in those intervening five years
the C. I. A. which Allen Dulles now
runs has achieved a place in world
esteem where it commands the respect
of even the British, whose system it
has unblushingly adapted in so many
important respects.
Like its mentor and counterpart, the
C.I.A. Is a central, clearinghouse for
the foreign intelligence collected by
other agencies of the Government-the
State Department, the Army, Navy and
Air Force, and so forth. Moreover, it
spondent for The Times Sunday Department. Allen Dulles-"Under his direction C. I. A. has achieved world esteem."
12 Sanitized - Approved For Release :
CPYRGHT
has its own system of collection to fill
in the gaps;, most of it "white," which
is to say conventional, but some of it
"black," which may be as unconven-
tional as the urgency of the particular
situation requires. As an agency of the
National Security Council, it is senior
in the field of intelligence to every other
branch of government and its reports,
therefore, have unmistakable force and
authority.
C. I. A. is certainly the biggest (if
not universally recognized as the best)
national intelligence service in the
world. Hard facts about it are con-
cealed under the Inevitable cloak of
secrecy but it is believed to have be-
tween 10,000 and 15,000 people on its
payroll here and abroad. -Its central
headquarters spread over some thirty
buildings here in Washington (none of
which is so identified by the familiar
government building signs) and there
are branches In every important city in
this country and throughout the world,
at least outside the confines of the Iron
Curtain. The size of its annual appro-
priation is secret and unpublished in
the usual budgetary documents.
A LARGE part of C. I. A.'s work Is
comparable to-and little more glamor-
ous than--a library, research project.
Hundreds of researchers, young men
and women with college- degrees and
usually with some language, geographic,
ethnic or technical specialty, pore over
bales of newspapers, magazines, gov-
ernment reports, advertising circulars
and similar material.
They interview immigrants and trav-
elers and business men with connec-
tions in foreign countries. They haunt
libraries. museums, and even art gal-
leries. One large unit monitors radio
broadcasts both here and in foreign
lands.
The C. I. A. produces regular and
special intelligence estimates for the
President and the chiefs of-agencies
directly concerned with foreign affairs
and internal security. But its principal
"consumer" is its parent organization,
the National Security Council, where
its reports become the principal ingre-
dient in the formulation of high-level
national policy. The C. I. A. Director,
participates regularly in all N. S. C.
deliberations. Although he is not a
statutory member of that body, his
Influence upon its decisions scarcely is
exceeded by any of those who are.
ALLEN DULLES got into the spy
business almost as soon as he got out.
of Princeton. It was in 1916, when,
as a 23-year-old functionary in the
United States Embassy at Vienna, he
was given the job of making contact
with the dissident forces in Austria
who were trying to upset that coun-
try's World War entente with Ger-
many. His career reached a dramatic
climax almost".thirty years later when,
as chief of the Office of Strategic Serv-
ices in Switzerland, he subverted Hit-
ler's generals in northern Italy into
surrendering (Continued on Page 53)
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a. full week before the fiery
collapse of the Nazi regime in
Berlin,
Between" these two distant
milestones of a remarkably
colorful and successful career,
he kept his hand in practice
through more than a decade
of service with the State De-
partment at home and in for-
eign lands, and later, through
his partnership In one of the
country's leading internation-
al law firms. Sullivan and
Cromwell of New York. Al-
most continuously since the
outbreak of World War II
he has been actively engaged
in intelligence work, and has
done as much as anyone to
elevate this country's concept
of intelligence from a de-
spised and stagnant military
chore to its present eminence
as a major factor in all our
strategic planning for the cold
war and after.
THP present C. I. A. direc-
tor was one of the first of an
improbable band of adventure-
some Wall Streeters and Ivy
League Ph. D.'s whom Maj.
Can. William J. Donovan re-
cruited in 1940 when he be-
gan to put together, under a
secret grant of authority from
President Roosevelt, that het-
erogeneous outfit of intellec-
tuals, dilettantes and footpads
which came to be known as
O. S. S.-Office of Strategic
Services. This was the "De-
partment of Dirty Tricks,"
set up for purposes of espio-
nage, sabotage and intelli-
gence activities behind the
enemy's lines.
As American forces launched
their first attack on the coast
of Africa in November, 1942,
Donovan sent Dulles packing
off to Switzerland to set up
an O. S. S. beachhead in what
-would soon become the last
neutral observation post in
Europe. With the Gestapo
virtually riding his coattails,
he managed to get across the
French border just as the
Nazis were closing it off. His
"cover" identity was special
assistant to the United States
Minister at Bern. His in-
structions were vague and his
equipment consisted of a spe-
cial code book for his radio
communications to Washing-
ton and AFHQ, and. a brief-
case crammed with several
thousand dollars in bills of
small and useful denomina-
tion.
BERN seethed at that time
with international intrigue of
a virulence worthy of an Op-
penheim novel. The agents of
every combatant nation slith-
ered openly or secretly through
it.. winding streets, conversed
surreptitiously in the corners
of its cafes or,held midnight
rendezvous in darkened apart-
ments or deserted parks. It
was a market place for trai-
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tors and a hunting ground for
spies and counter-spies. It was
the beginning and the end of
the trail for a stealthy traffic
of secret couriers working
back and forth across the bor-
ders of Germany; France, Italy
and the Balkans.
%JNE visitor whom Dulles
received at his apartment late
one night, after much devious
negotiation through interme-
diaries, was one "George." A
squat, bald-headed, stubborn-
ly belligerent man, he was a
minor official in the German
Foreign Office. In his official
capacity he had access to most
of the secret communications
that' flowed into Berlin from,
the far-flung outposts of the
Nazi espionage network. He
hated the Nazis with a con-
suming passion and saw their
destruction as the only means
of saving his beloved father-
land from ruin. He wanted to
establish a reliable contact
with the Allies and do what
he could to shorten the war
by hastening the Nazis' de-
feat.
During the next two years
"George" directed a stream of
more than 2,000 documents
from the innermost sanctum
of the Foreign Office across
the desk of the American spy
chief in Bern.
"George" probably was the
most valuable and the most
prolific source of secret intelli-
gence out of Germany that
the Allies had during the
entire war. He told of the
location of a secret radio
transmitter in the German
Embassy in Dublin that was
used to direct submarine raids
on Allied shipping. He . dis-
closed elaborate plans to trap
a large troop convoy about to
sail from New York in time
for American officials to re-
route the ships. He warned of
General Franco's preparations
to smuggle large quantities of
badly needed tungsten to Ger-
man war plants. And it was
he who uncovered the sinister
Cicero Diello, the Nazi spy
who was, valet to the British
Ambassador at Ankara.
ALMOST unknown to the.
American high command in
the early years of the war was
the existence of a daringly
determined underground move-
ment within Nazi Germany
itself. It was composed largely
of liberals and Intellectuals,
but it had also attracted a
significant cadre of generals
of the Wehrmacht and high
civilian officials of the Third
Reich.
Dulles established liaison
with the leaders of "Break-
ers" (the code name by which
the underground was known in'
secret Allied communications)
through Hans Bernd Gisevius
In the early months of 1943.
Gisevius was ostensibly a Ger-
man vice consul in Zurich. In
reality he was a member of
the Abwehr, the German coun-
ter - intelligence service, and
more importantly still, he was
a ringleader in the conspi
to assassinate Hitler.
Dulles . kept Washington
fully informed of the progress
of "Breakers." The conspira-
tors sought desperately for
some reassurance that if the
German people themselves did
away with Hitler and Nazism
the Allies would consent to
terms less stringent than "un-
conditional surrender," which
meant surrender to the Rus-
sians as well.
Dulles urged on his superiors
some concessions to this goal.
He believed there was a real
prospect that the plotters
could carry through their au-
dacious scheme to do away
with Hitler and seize control
of the army and the Govern-
ment in one furious, desperate
stroke. That this reassurance
was never given may have
contributed, he now believes,
to the. failure of the con-
spiracy.
OIL BOMB was exploded at
Hitler's feet in his secret head-
quarters in East Prussia on
July 20, 1944. Der Feuhrer
was seriously wounded, but he
struggled alive from the
wreckage gf the building. This
mischance threw other ele-
ments of the plot into confu-
sion-the communications cen-
ters were never seized, and
the Wehrmacht elements
which were poised to take over
vital Government centers in
Berlin were held in their
barracks.
It was the knowledge and
contacts gained through
"Breakers" which enabled
Dulles, late in 1944, to estab-
lish secret channels into the
High Command of the Ger-
man forces stubbornly retreat-
ing before the United States
Third Army up the Italian
boot. And it was to Dulles'
agents (who had established
themselves with secret radio
transmitter in Milan) that the
Germans-in April, 1945--
gave the word they were
ready to meet with Allied
commanders to arrange ca-
pitulation.
Allen Dulles calls at the White
House to report on intelligence.