CUBAN REFUGEE AGITATION AND RIOTING SHOULD NOT HAPPEN AGAIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220017-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: March 6, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2004/06/23 CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220017-0
1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3357
ton-telephone Oxford 6-2010. These
men. have issued- an invitation which
stipulates that microfilms of manufac-..
turfing drawings will be issued to a. con-
tractor only after the award of contract.
This provision is on page 14 of IFB 600-
481-63-5.
In other words, a manufacturer must
make the equipment and have it ap-
proved by the Navy, before. he can even
be considered in the bidding. However,
the same man cannot get the necessary
drawings until he has won the contract,
and hq cannot build the set until he gets
the drawings.
It is very plain to see that the stage
has been set for a contract award to a
company which already has the draw-
ings and the only firm that has them-
the company that developed the set and
produced it first on a.sole-source basis.
In short, Mr. Speaker, you just can-
not 'get from here to there, and all this
is because of the capricious and irrespon-
sible action of Mr.JJsilton, Mr. Lear, and
Captain Appleby. There is absolutely
nothing fair about this sort of conduct,
and as a representative of American tax-
payers I protest vigorously. I also want
to remind the Secretary of Defense that
this sort of conduct is in direct conflict
with his freedom of information policy
issued last Decemnber which was sup-
posed to aid manufacturers in getting
every paper they needed to do business
with Uncle Sam.
What should be done right now is to
make these manufacturing drawings
available to anyone who wants them for
the cost of reproduction. The require-
ment to build a set before you can bid
on it should be removed and this pro-
curement should be made 100. percent
competitive. If this is done, we will get
a truly competitive procurement, pro-
vided some other bureaucrat does not
change the rules again. If Navy con-
tinues to hide the drawings, it will again
demonstrate its inefficiency and incom-
petency in handling public moneys.
I say today that the Secretary of De-
fense and the Secretary of the Navy
should put the drawngs for this oscillo-
scope out on the counter, make this a
truly competitive procurement, and let
American industry go to work. I have
great confidence in. the results.
(Mr. FINO asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, to those
Members of Congress who react with
shocked feelings at the mere thought of
legalizing a national lottery, I would like
to bring to their attention some interest-
ing facts which prove that tens of mil-
lions of our American citizens enjoy
the relaxation and pleasures of gambling.
The National Association of State Rac-
ing Commissioners has just released its
1962 report. on horse racing in the
United States. It shows that $3,669,-
463,825 was agered in 24 States where
gambling oil' horses is legal and proper-
at least inside the gates.. I might point
out that this figure represents an in-
crease of over $202 million from last
Year.
The interesting, part of this report,
Mr. Speaker, is the tax revenue to the
24 -States-collected painlessly and
voluntarily-amounted to almost $288
million. - This also is an increase of over
$23 million over last year.
Mr. Speaker, inspite of our sancti-
monious attitude. about gambling, our
Federal Treasury was the recipient of
additional millions of, dollars in taxes
collected on admission charges from
50,582,092 persons whose urge to gamble
brought them through the turnstiles.
To those who look upon gambling
as, wicked and immoral, I would like to
.point out to them that gambling funds
collected in all 24 States are comingled
with other State revenues and used to
bulild schools and teach our children.
As a matter of fact, the State of Florida
last year programed nine extra racing
days which were allotted for scholarships
and charities.
Mr. Speaker, it is difficult for the aver-
age American taxpayer to understand
why all the resistence to a National
Lottery when every day millions of
dollars change hands at every stock ex-
change, at every race track, at just about
every sporting event that is staged. Are
these transactions any different than
buying a lottery ticket? Are these activ-
ities any different than the lotteries con-
ducted every month by thousands of civic
and fraternal clubs, churches, and wel-
fare organizations where automobiles,
television sets and other prizes are
razed off to the lucky ticket holder?
I believe, Mr. Speaker, that the time
has come for this Congress to stop
pussyfooting. I think the time has
come for this Congress to wipe out
hypocrisy and recognize the indisput-
able fact that man, by his very nature,
is a gambler and wants a chance to
legally satisfy his gambling thirst.
More importantly, Mr. Speaker, I think
the time has come for this Congress to
realize that a national lottery is the
only painless, sensible and voluntary way
to raise over $10 billion a year in addi-
tional revenue which can be used to
reduce our national debt and cut the
heavy tax burden carried by our Ameri-
, can wage earners.
THE WASHINGTON POST AND THE
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON UN-
AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
(Mr. WYMAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, today's
editorial in the Washington Post en-
titled "Seeing Reds" once again reflects
an illogical and unreasonable prejudice
against the important work and objec-
tives of the House Committee on Un-
American Activities. For a paper that
repeatedly claims to pride itself on a
claimed objectivity of approach to im-
portant national issues, it seems to me
that the Post does the public a disservice
in repeatedly so editorializing as to
slant facts against this Committee.
For example, "Seeing Reds" finds the
Post, repeating the well-worn strawman
that we do not need the House Un-
American Activities Committee because
we have an FBI. This is ridiculous as
the Post well knows. Why? Because,
first, while the FBI is a splendid, ef-
ficient, and effective organization, the
limited number of FBI agents-approxi-
mately 6,000-are required to do a great
deal in the way of criminal and security
investigation entirely unrelated to sub-
version; only a very small number of
agents are available at any one time for
subversive detail; but, second, even if
detailed to subversive investigation, or
surveillance, the FBI is an. investigating
agency lacking, completely, the power to
compel testimony under oath. In the
investigation of subversion it is indis-
pensable that the activities of Commu-
nists should be developed by a process
that compels answers under oath to
relevant questions that are subject to
penalties of perjury and wherein refusal
to answer is punishable by contempt;
otherwise there just would be little re-
liable information; third, in the im-
portant mission of keeping abreast of
subversion within the United States the
work of the FBI, House Un-American
Activities Committee, and the Internal
Security Subcommittee of Senate Ju-
diciary are complementary, not opposed.
They can and do work toward the single
desirable objective, the safety and se-
curity of the American people.
It is unfortunate that the Post should
continue to minimize or misrepresent
the fundamental importance of the
House Un-American Activities Commit-
tee and its continuation because of oc-
casional differences of opinion as to
method or application in individual
cases. The committee is composed of
sincere and loyal men who do not con-
ceive themselves as superior in loyalty
to other Americans but who are deeply
concerned that there can be some who
call themselves Americans who either
profess membership in the Communist
Party or knowingly and intentionally
give aid and comfort to Communist
Party objectives in this country. When
we consider that the No. 1 objective
of communism is the destruction of this
Nation, the killing of its Government, its
judges, and its leadership, it becomes
reasonably obvious that Communist ac-
tivity in the United States demands con-
tinuing investigation.
The tremendous bipartisan endorse-
ment of this House of the continuation
of its Un-American Activities Commit-
tee reflects the overwhelming support of
the American people in which I am glad
to say I join.
U.N. AID 'L'O -C TBA
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, in my first
statement to this House last month con-
cerning the workings of the United Na-
tions _ Special Fund, I said that an
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$358 ri UU
ve.511 a1ion was continuing into U.N.
d going to Cuba from sources other
than the Special Fund.
Today, I will outline a number of U.N.
aid projects being conducted in Com-
unist Cuba with the subsidization of
American taxpayers. These are over
beyond the $1.2 million Special
d project for Cuban agriculture, and
ce under the United Nations ex-
anded program of technical assistance
ee the 1950's. In programs scheduled
n the 1961 to 1964 period Cuba has
ontinued to receive U.N. aid, and cur-
ently-1962 to 1963-some $1,033,080
s being spent by the U.N. in its efforts
f technical assistance designed to
trengthen Cuba.
b
-
L This aid is administered by five su
rganizations of the U.N.-International
bor Organization, Food and Agricul-
anization, International Civil Aviation
rganization, and World Health Organi-
ation.
All of these organizations have high,
altruistic aims and goals In the service
iof mankind. We Americans, certainly,
to strengthen a Communist, enemy
nation,
It is my purpose here today to provide
or the House additional details about
these projects so that Americans can be
The FAO is conducting a continuing
project in Cuba programed in the 1863
to 1964 financial year for $160,000 and
for increasing amounts until 1968. The
project is entitled "Fisheries Develop-
ment."
Main objectives of this project, the
U.N. says, are to develop Cuba's fishery
resources along the Continental Shelf
and on the high seas. To do this the
U.N. plans to help Cuba improve its fish-
ing fleet, explore fisheries and study fish
biology and inland water restocking
possibilities,
The U.N. says that among its objec-
tives is one to "facilitate the Govern-
ment's shipbuilding and marine investi-
gation projects."
It may occur to some Americans that
shipbuilding Is a necessary adjunct for
the conducting of guerrilla operations
in Latin America.
Also the FAO, subsidized by American
dollars, Is helping Cuba in its "general
economic development and food supply
plans." FAO is providing experts to
assist the Cuban Fishing Research Cen-
ter of the Fishing Department of the
National Institute of Agrarian Reform.
Castro's Communist agrarian reform
movement is well known in this House
of Representatives.
3. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, ACIENTIPIC,
AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
UNESCO is conducting two projects
in Cuba at this time.
The first is entitled "Educational
Services" and is costing the U.N. and
its American supporters $13,500. Under
this program, the U.N. says, an expert
will cooperate with the Cuban Higher
Institute of Education in preparing cur-
ricula and textbooks, organizing courses,
and planning research.
This work is being done in connection
with Castro's educational reorganiza-
tion program, which. if it is at all like
his other reorganizations, is being reor-
ganized to teach children to parrot the
Red line.
The second UNESCO project In Cuba
Is entitled "Marine Biology" and provides
for $54,000 for work in close conjunction
with the FAO fisheries project in Cuba
discussed above. Why two U.N. orga-
nizations are conducting the same proj-
ect with separate funds has not been
explained by the U.N.
This UNESCO project also is planned
for continuation through 1968.
4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
The WHO, U.N. organization with
which I am well acquainted as a doctor
and as a ? Member of Congress who at-
March 6
tended as an adviser of this House the
WHO meeting In Geneva last year, has
a number of projects underway in
Cuba. The chief one is entitled "Public
Health Administration" and is pro-
gramed for a current cost of $152,000.
Essentially, it is designed to investi-
gate the human resources and physical
health facilities of Cuba and to train
technical and auxiliary staffs in the fields
of public health. It is proposed, the
U.N. says, that the program will "prog-
ressively cover the whole territory of the
Republic of Cuba, in a network of pro-
tection, promotion and rehabilitation of
the health of inhabitants." The plan
will last for 10 years or more.
There are several other WHO projects
in Cuba, all designed to improve the
health of the unfortunate people en-
slaved on that Red island-a goal with
which few Americans will find fault.
These projects include:
First. A drive to eradicate the yel-
low fever mosquito from the Havana
area at a 1963-64 cost of $143,000. It
Is planned that the area involved will
be expanded in later years. Staffers in-
clude a medical officer and two sani-
tarlans.
Second. A project in nursing edu-
cation features a school of nursing
adapted to Cuba's needs and opened
in October, 1960, with 94 students, By
1962 the school had 100 students and
trained them at 400-bed National Hos-
pital. In addition a special 6-month
course for preparation of nursing in-
structors is given in Cuba.
Third. A malaria eradication project
under the WHO general budget lists ex-
penses for 1963 to 1964 of $170,000. It in-
volves a survey of the malarious area of
Cuba, including Oriente and Camaguey
Provinces, and the area around the U.S.
base at Guantanamo. Provision is
made for a malariologist, a sanitary en-
gineer, two sanitarians and an entomol-
ogist.
Fourth. A program for fellowships in
public health training under the WHO
and the Pan American Health Organi-
zation is slated to cost $254,300 for the
1963 to 1964 period. These fellows are
to collaborate with the government in
training staff for improvement and ex-
pansion of its public health services.
Fifth. A final Cuban project under-
taken by the United Nations World
Health Organization is entitled "Refuse
Disposal" and provides for a consultant
to advise Cuba in establishing facilities
for proper disposal of refuse from
Havana and adjacent areas. Fellow-
ships were provided under this plan in
1962.
uanitarian programs listed here, On
the other hand, they might prefer to
,curtail our support of others.
t I already have addressed the House
,bout the International Civil Aviation
Organization program for training Cu-
jbans in aircraft operations and ' main-
ance-a $17,280 project,
Here are the other U.N. aid projects
or Cuba:
2. zHt'zaNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
The ILO is conducting in Cuba a
!$69,000 project concerning social secu-
Irity. This project has been underway
since the pre-Castro days of 1955, but has
been continued to the Communist dic-
ftator's benefit,
f It Is planned that in 1963 at least
(three ILO experts will be in Cuba to
further this project,. In previous years
!two experts have been provided.
The project is designed in the words
,of the United Nations to "overcome a
(situation which might cause serious eco-
inomie and social ?epercussions." It in-
volves a study and recommendations
about actuarial difficulties involved in a
(number of pension funds operated in
(Cuba with a view to combining some of
the funds.
The project includes a "review of the
C policy of social security In the country
as a whole,"
G That leads one to wonder if social
!security benefits are being paid to the
widows and orphans of the men mur-
Supplemental United Nations aid projects in Cuba, 1965-64 financial year
Social security------------------------------------
Fisher4?s development ----------------------------
Educational services------------------------------
Marine biology ..................................
Puhliehealth administration---------------------
Yellow fever eradication ..........................
Nursing education ................................
Malaria eradicatIon...............................
Public health training fellowship .................
Havana refuse disposal ...........................
Air operations tra ing---------------------------
Total costs available----------------------
International 14bor Organization--------------
Food and Agri Lure Organization-------------
UNESCO--------------------------------------
UNESCO-------------------------------------
World health Organization ---------------------
?do-------------------------------------------
-. .do----...-.----------------------------------
----.do-------------------------------------------
..-.-do-------------------------------------------
---do?-------------- ? `--------- ---------------
International Civil Aviation organization--.----
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$69, 000
160,000
13,500
54,000
152,000
143,000
170,000
254,300
17,280
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Mr. GROSS. Unfortunately I was at
a meeting and did not get in on the start
of this discussion, Are you discussing
the ICA poll throughout the world that
nobody seems to know anything about,
and that the administration has under
wraps?
Mr. BOGGS. No.. I wish they would
release them if they do have them under
wraps.
Mr. GROSS. The gentleman knows
they do.. We have not been able to get
this report.
Mr. BOGGS. No, we were not dis-
cussing that, but if time permitsand
the gentleman wants to, discuss it, t_ will
be very glad to discuss it to the best of
my ability.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. BOGGS. I yield to the gentle-
man.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I would like to com-
mend the gentleman for calling this
subject, to our attention today. I am
particularly interested in one question
that was asked in this survey: "Has the
President failed to get into tune with
the mood of the country?"
It would appear to me that if the U.S.
News & World Report will look at the
most recent Gallup poll, they can find
their answer there from an awful lot of
people in America because, if my mem-
ory serves me correctly, the Gallup poll
,sustains the President in refusing to be,
stampeded into an invasion of Cuba,
The President certainly has tried' very
'lard to resolve this problem and 63 per-
cent of the. people of America said the
other day through a_. Gallup poll that
they are opposed and are against any
invasion of Cuba at this time., So it
would appear to me that the President
is. certainly reading the mood of the
_ people of this country a lot better than
those who have been Making big speeches
here trying to goad him into some sort
of military action in Cuba.
Mr. BOGGS. I thank the gentle-
Mari,
Mr. Speaker, if time permits, I would
like to go along for just a few minutes
to discuss what I consider the damaging
effect of this sort of approach. I do not
think it is the function of the Congress
to have to pass a dozen laws every day.
Some people have pointed out, and I
think quite wisely, that ofttimes it is
better not to legislate than it is to legis-
late.
Congress has a wide variety of func-
tions. We haverbeen able, to move into
these difficult. days in which we live, I
believe, quite ably and quite well.
Just think of., the. that 10 years
ago there was not even such a thing as
a space program. - I saw the,.
chairman of that committee
walk ,on this floor a minute ago. We ?
had to go out and hire eyperts who
were able to advise us and consult with
us and give us information about such
a program as the space program. The,
distinguished, Speaker- of this House of
Representatives had much to, do with
the creation of that committee.,
This has.nothing to do with partisan-
ship. We have had to move into this
period of fantastic weaponry such as
the hydrogen bomb and nuclear energy
and all of these other aspects, and I
think the Congress by and large is en-
tirely adequate.
I remember at this time last year that
we had all this business about the 87th
Congress being described as a "do
nothing" Congress. Yet, I noticed there
was inserted in the RECORD a few days
a&o by the gentlewoman from New York
[Mrs. ST. GEORGE] an article which ap-.
peared in one of the local newspapers
on Sunday last entitled "Congress Has
Been Maligned."
I am not going to read that article to
you, but I commend it to your attention
regardless of what position you may
take. Incidentally, the gentlewoman
from New York, I suppose, as a mem-
ber of the Republican Party, did not vote
for many of these programs which are
set out in this article, but I will read you,
just a word or two. It says:
The daily reports of the 87th Congress
made it appear to many as a catastrophe.
That is true. I remember reading
those reports just as you remember read-
ing them.
-It reads:
Yet with a hindsight view of its accom-
plishments, we can judge it a smashing
success. In the area of foreign and security
affairs, Congress approved the defense build-
up, the Peace Corps, the Disarmament
Agency, the Alliance for Progress, an ex-
pansion of the food for peace program and
the `important Trade Act.
'In the domestic area, it passed among
others, the most comprehensive housing pro-
gram in our history; the area redevelopment,
manpower retraining; and emergency public
works programs; an increase in the mini-
mum wage to $1.25; expansion of the social
security system, including lowering the male
retirement age to 62; complete revision of
`the public assistance programs; an increase
in postal rates; revision of civil service and
other Federal salary systems-
And so forth. I could add the drug
bill and the satellite program and count
less other, programs.
,Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. BOGGS. I am glad to yield to the
gentleman.
Mr, STINSON, Did the gentleman ask
the gentlewoman from New York [Mrs.
Si. GEORGE] Or did he tell her that he
was going to use her name this after-
noon?
Mr. BOGGS. No, I did not; but I did'
not use her name unfavorably. The
gentlewoman from New York [Mrs. ST.
GroRGE] is a very good friend of mine
and has been for a long time. I did not
want to imply that she had voted for or
against some of these things.
Mr. STINSON. The gentleman said
that she voted against some of these
programs.
Mr. BOGGS. I said that I presumed
she voted against them. I repeat that
the gentlewoman from New York is one
of my very close friends and I admire her
very much.
Mr. STAGGERS. - Mr, Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. BOGGS. I yield.
Mr. STAGGERS. I commend the
gentleman from Louisiana for his brilli-
ant discussion here today, and I would
3377
like to say with reference to-these ques-
tions that I agree with him that it does
not become a national magazine to get
into this kind of interrogation in any
way.
I. would, like to remind the gentle-
man from Louisiana and the Members
of this Congress that this is the only
body I know of on earth in which if a
vacancy occurs it cannot be filled. either
by appointment or succession, for we
are responsible only to the residents of
our districts. We are not responsible
to the President of the. United . States,
Our first responsibility is to the people
of our districts to do what. they want
us to do. If we were responsible to the
President, we would. just be rubber-
stamps and, the people would not need
us here to represent, them.
am not always in favor of every-
thing the President suggests, but I always
will support the principles of my party.
I may vote against some of his propo-
sitions, but I will stand by the principles
-of my party.
This President of ours has inherited
more problems than any President in
the history of America or any man in
the long span of history, and I think
that he has acted with vision, sometimes
ahead of most of the Members of this
Congress here in the House of Repre-
sentatives and in the other body. I
believe that history will put him in the
place that he has earned, that of a
great leader not only of America but
of the free world. I believe that when
history is written he will go down as
one of the great Presidents of these
United States. I thank the gentleman
for yielding to me.
Mr. BOGGS. Some of us here have
traveled about and seen some. other par-
liamentary bodies, even the alleged
sedate House of Commons in London;
and I have had opportunity to com-
pare'whatever you will, the efficiency, the
dedication, the ability of the average
Member of the House of Representatives,
yes, and the ethics-and I do not care
whether he be Republican or Democrat-
with other members of parliamentary
bodies, and I think that in every cate-
gory we would compare favorably.
You have heard the uproars in some
of these legislative bodies. I have sat
in the gallery of the Chamber of Deputies
in Paris and watched what I considered
sheer disorder, something that would
appall a Member of this body. I have
seen things happen which no American
R"presentative would dream of doing.
So in many ways what this really in
effect constitutes is an attack upon the
free institution of Congress itself which
is the ultimate safeguard of the liberties
of, the people of the United States of
Aerica.
As some persons have so well said and
what all Of us at times have said, the
President of the United States does not
need anyone to defend him; he does very
well himself.
I remember our late Speaker Rayburn
saying in times of stress-and in this
case he was referring to a Republican
President, President Eisenhower-but I
have heard him refer oftentimes to that
President and other _Presidents and say:
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 78 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
ther he is my leader and the leader
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? of the United States of America or we responsibility.
obstruction and opposition just because it
cpmes from a person of an Opposite
ga the a pression is used elsewhere in
tie worI
14 a letter written by President Eisen-
ents program of his administration.
am proud of that letter, and I am happy
txibution to the passage of that bill which
1* considered vital to his administration.
i The President of the United States
of be right about everything; but,
~annnt contrary, he cannot be wrong
out everything either. I must say that
get a little bit annoyed at people who
e able to find that De Gaulle is right
ut everything; that Diefenbaker is
ht about everything; and even Mr.
shombe is right about everything, but
e President of the United States is
*rong about everything.
They talk about people whom we work
ith who come from the White House.
e'e is a certain implication in this.
have known Larry O'Brien for a long
e. He, too, does not need anybody
to defend him. I invite any member
t;he thing he did was not right and what
man In his position was required to
o and should do, if there is to be comity
etween the executive and legislative
{if us act responsibly.
I do not know of a single Member of
is body who does not know how to act
esponsibly. It is so easy to do. I do
of know of anyone who does not know
ow to join In the public clamor, what-
ver it may be.
The only monument on the Capitol
rounds Is erected to a former Republi-
arI Member of the Congress of the
n1ted States, the other body. I refer to
he distinguished former Senator from
hio, Senator Taft.
One of the things for which that mon-
inent ultimately came to him was the
tact he stgod alone in the other body
d said he would be against drafting
orkers into the Army to run the rail-
ads, despite the fact that this body
voted for it, with only a few dis-
enting votes.
The point I make is: it is difficult to
,ct responsibly at times, but It is im-
rtant to act responsibly. We have the
reatest nation on earth and the freest
ation on earth. T1ie way to lose it is
be Irresponsible, and it is just as bad
or a journalistic enterprise to be irire-
nsible as it is for you, me, or any
REFUGEE AGITATION AND
AGAIN
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
RYAN, of New York). Under previous
order of the House, the gentleman from
Florida L Mr. FASCELL I is recognized for
20 minutes.
(Mr. FASCELL asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, on Feb-
ruary 21, 1963, and again on February
26, 1963, I addressed the Members of
this body with reference to the problems
that have arisen in Miami and south
Florida with the Cuban refugees.
At that time I called the Members' at-
tention to a riot between the Cuban refu-
gees and local police authority at about
10 a.m. February 21.
At the session of February 21, I spread
on the RECORD the stories of this uncalled
for outburst as they were carried on the
wires of the Associated Press and United
Press.
At the session of February 26, I re-
spread on the RECORD these same wire
stories and Included for the RECORD a
story written by Milt Sosin, a reporter
of the Cox newspapers for the Miami
News, wherein he ably presented the
story of this tragic and untimely Inci-
dent. There was also spread on the
RECORD an editorial from a Knight news-
paper the Miami Herald, dated Febru-
ary 26, titled "No Right To Riot."
The day before the appearance of the
four or five picketing members of the
Committee for Nonviolent Action in
front of the Cuban Revolutionary Coun-
cil headquarters in Miami. and the ensu-
ing riotous action of the Cuban refugees,
the editorial staff of the Miami News, in
the evening edition of February 20, 1963,
carried the following editorial comment:
RErvGEES SHOULD IGNORE PEACE AGITATORS
The Committee for Nonviolent Action
seems determined to keep busy until It stirs
up a little violent action.
What these extreme pacifists hope to ac-
complish by announcing-2 days in ad-
vance-that pickets will parade tomorrow in
front of the Cuban Revolutionary Council
headquarters is not too hard to understand.
0:he refugee would only be playing Into their
hands by marching against the pickets In
force.
The Cuban radio announcer who urged
the demonstration against the pickets
showed poor judgment. A riot on Biscayne
Boulevard would end a 4-year record of
peaceful assimilation by the Cubans into
the community, a record remarkably free of
violence.
There is no disposition here to come out
against peace, nor against the right of peo-
ple to assemble or picket for special causes,
no matter how unpopular or extreme the
causes.
But we think the Committee for Non-
violent Action has tipped its hand in elect-
ing to taunt a refugee population that is
understandbly edgy and which has no vote
in the political matters that interest the
committee.
This committee is out to make propaganda
for a program which, if followed along its un-
likely course, would leave the United States
March 6
unarmed and defenseless against commu-
nism. Their exploitation of the Cuban ref-
ugees Is calloused and cruel, and the refugees
would be smart to ignore them.
On February 20, 1963, the day prior
to the pacifist picketing of the Cuban
Refugee Council headquarters, Ralph
Renick, vice president in charge of news
at WTVJ, channel 4, Miami, issued the
following TV editorial:
The National Committee for Nonviolent
Action has been provoking violent action by
staging demonstrations in Miami Shores,
Coral Gables, and Homestead Air Force Base.
Tomorrow the committee members intend to
set up shop outside the headquarters of the
Cuban Revolutionary Council. It should be
said that these people claim they hate no-
body. They just want the United States to
disarm and disband our military services.
The theory is we can trust the Communists
to do thesame and therefore peace will reign
forevermore. This would be great except
the Communists have openly demonstrated
and stated their intention to take over this
little world of ours by whatever means nec-
essary, including deceit and lies. The only
thing they can be trusted to do is be un-
trustworthy.
These pickets are Irritating but the best
thing to do is to do nothing; just ignore
them. To do otherwise would play into their
hands.
On February 21, 1963, Ralph Renick,
vice president in charge of news, WTVJ
channel 4, Miami, and their Latin news
editor, Manolo Reyes, issued the follow-
ing TV editorial comment:
CUBAN RioTs: Wnv IT SHOVLDN'T HAVE
HAPPENED
What happened at Biscayne Boulevard and
17th Street this morning is deplorable. Riot
action of any kind can only give a city a
black eye and considering the tense state of
Caribbean affairs at the moment, a riot in
Miami is bound to create undue fear else-
where that it is somehow unsafe to visit
here.
We should like to note that channel 4 in its
twice-daily Spanish language news program
pleaded for all Cuban exiles to stay clear of
the revolutionary council headquarters where
the pacifist picketing was to take place.
Last night and this morning, Mayor High
appeared on the program, speaking in Span-
ish, telling Cuban residents to ignore the
picketing.
There are probably 150,000 Cubans here-
149,700 heeded this advice. The 300 that
didn't are guilty of giving all of their fellow
exiles a black eye along with the city.
What happened should never have hap-
pened. Miami police and firemen are to be
commended for efficiently handling a vola-
tile situation. It should be said that the
revolutionary council and its leader, Dr. Jose
Miro Cardona, did little to prevent the gath-
ering of the mob nor to quell the action
which followed at Its headquarters.
Channel 4 Latin News Editor Manolo Reyes,
on WTVJ's program "News En Espanol," later
tonight and tomorrow morning, will carry an
editorial addressed to the Cubans saying "the
law comes before the will of men and no one
is authorized to take justice by his own hand.
The law is to be respected above all personal
prejudice .or emotion or justified anger."
Reyes deplores the fact that a minority
group of Cubans fell Into the trap made by
a group of pacifists. He called upon the
Cubans to "think with their head and not
their heart."
It is time for Miami's Cuban colony to de-
velop a form of leadership which can exert
self-discipline. To do otherwise will gravi-
tate this community to an explosive state
of human relations which will hurt the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3379
exiles, the town and its permanent popula-
tion.
These timely and well-stated words
of warning, unfortunately, went un-
heeded.' Nonetheless they bear re-
peating lest some other persons with
misguided, or possibly purposeful inten-
tions, again attempt to rile the emotions
of persons who have been angered and
oppressed by the Communist tyranny
within their homeland, Cuba.
In our great country, within the
framework of our democracy, we provide
that each citizen shall have the basic
right to agree or disagree, or present
his views, publicly or otherwise, by peace-
ful means.
These are the rights which the Com-
munist would have us destroy.
The Cuban refugee would do well to
remember that had he, and other per-
sons oppressed by tyrannical govern-
ments ruled from extremes of either the
right or the -left, been permitted the
right to think, speak, and act peacefully,
without fear of governmental reprisal,
he might not have found himself today,
nor during prior governmental regimes,
the victim of oppression.
They would do well to remember that
in our democracy, we settle our differ-
ences through judicial, peaceful means
rather than with emotional and riotous
outbursts.
Those who demonstrate for peace
would similarly do well to remember that
they may well be aiding the cause of
communism and those who would over-
throw the Government-that peace can-
not be found through public actions that
tend to incite riot-nor those actions
that prey upon the emotions of refugees
from oppression.
The incident of February 21 should
not have occurred and should not hap-
pen again.
CUBAN REFUGEES RESPONSIBILITY OF ENTIRE
NATION-NOT JUST SOUTH FLORIDA
Mr. Speaker, through January 25,
1963, Department of Health, Education,
and- Welfare reports they have resettled
53,974 Cuban refugees from Miami, Dade
County, Fla., to other parts of the United
States. This is not quite one-third of
the 157,525 persons who had entered the
United States and registered at Miami
from Cuba. '
Untold numbers of Cuban refugees who
entered the Miami area did not register.
Therefore, the 157,525 Cuban refugees
figure is not entirely accurate. Reliable
sources estimate the actual number of
Cuban refugees entering the south
Florida area at 200,000 or more.
Whether the figure is 105,000 or 155,-
000 Cuban refugees still remaining in
Miami is immaterial.
The point is that there are well over
100,000, in fact maybe as many as 200,-
000 Cuban refugees, still in the Greater
Miami, Fla., community; an area which
had a population of only 1 million.
No community, no matter how large,
could withstand the almost immediate
impact of a 10- to 20-percent in-
crease in population; the number of per-
sons bringing about this increase being
penniless and destitute without homes,
No. 34-6
clothing, food, in many cases without
friends,- with little or no knowledge of
the English language, and all unem-
ployed.
The situation is worsened by the fact
that there already existed in Dade
County, Fla., a serious unemployment
problem-so much so that the U.S. De-
partment of Labor and the Area Rede-
velopment Administration had long ago
found that there were a sufficient num-
ber of unemployed American citizens so
as to qualify Dade County as a class D
labor surplus market area.
The result: The American citizens of
south Florida were thrown into open
competition with the Cuban refugees for
the very limited number of jobs avail-
able.
The Cuban refugee, in 'desperate
straits, was willing to work for ridicu-
lously low wages. Employers in a dis-
tressed State, seeking to keep their
economic heads above water, engaged
the refugee at a lesser wage, and an
American thereby became unemployed.
Approximately 30,000 Cuban refugees
are employed in the Miami area.
The laboring classes-and the Negro
particularly-suffered from the influx of
the refugees who entered in large num-
bers in the field of domestic work, light
manufacturing, and the many other
areas of nonskilled as well as profes-
sional labor. They had no Cuban refu-
gee center to turn to when their jobs
were gone and their funds expired.
Often, he became the refugee-pulling
up stakes before his funds ran com-
pletely out; some left Florida and went
to areas foreign to them in search 'of
work.
We are all well aware of the tremen-
dous sum of money that the Federal
Government has pumped into the Dade
County area to assist with the Cuban
refugee situation. Without this Federal
financial assistance, the community
might well have been substantially more
economically distressed. .
The Greater Miami-Dade County area
has opened its arms and its pocketbooks
to these refugees and has done and will
continue to do everything humanly pos-
sible to assist them to maintain their
livelihood and their honor.
However, the situation in 'Miami ob-
viously did not result from foreign policy
actions of the Floridians. The respon-
sibility is that of the entire Nation.
Uttering nice words about the wonderful
way in which the Miamians have reacted
to the situation was, and is, no substitute
for more equitable actions-actions of
other cities and States and the Federal
Government to share in greater propor-
tion a burden which is theirs as well.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. FASCELL. I yield to the gentle-
man from Oklahoma.
Mr. ALBERT. I want to commend the
gentleman on the forceful and fair man-
ner in which he is bringing this problem
to the House and to commend his city
on the tremendous job it has done in
dealing with these people who are refu-
gees from a tyranny that seeks to
threaten the United States. I think the
job has national implications, and I
think the gentleman in pointing up its
national implications is doing a service
to this country as well as to his own
constituents.
Mr. FASCELL. I thank the gentle-
man. This is one purpose of my remarks
as I have made them from time to time
on this subject on the floor of this
House; also I seek the continued assist-
ance of our House Democratic leader-
ship, which has assisted us so gener-
ously as it has other areas which have
a similar unemployment problem.
Along with the majority of Congress,
I have strongly supported some adminis-
tration policies dealing with the eco-
nomic plight of our American citizens
whether in West Virginia, Florida, Penn-
sylvania, Detroit, or some other State.
I want to advise any Member of Con-
gress if he wants to listen to me that all
it takes is for serious economic distress
to happen to you one time, to your dis-
trict and your people, and as you see
other economically distressed areas
around the country, you will decide
quickly that your problem is not one for
the community to take care of by itself.
Every day here in Congress we have
to draw a line regarding each issue we
confront. Sure, it is easy to be in politi-
cal opposition to anything. We all know
that. That is no trick. But blind politi-
cal oppositon is also the height of ir-
responsibility. But in the stand we in-
dividually take on every issue there is a
right place to draw a line based on our
own criteria and responsible judgment,
whether our decision is based on what
we responsibly believe is the national
interest, the 'national security, the de-
sires of our constituents, or the princi-
ples of our party.
That is why I was very much inter-
ested in the remarks previously made
here today by our distinguished majority
whip on this question of blind political
opposition and irresponsibility. It does
not make any difference whether the
Republicans are in power or the Demo-
crats are in power, we have to recognize
the problems in this country and then
attempt to do the best within our ability
and judgment to meet and solve those
problems. There we are going to have
arguments. There we are going to make
political capital out of the differences
which exist, as to how the country's
needs should be met. That is part of the
American political system. This is what
we love, this is what we fight for.
But as was so ably stated by the dis-
tinguished gentleman from Oklahoma,
our majority leader, Hon. CARL ALBERT,
and also in the forceful remarks of the
distinguished majority whip, the gentle-
man from Louisiana, Mr. HALE BoGGS,
the pattern of irresponsible political at-
tack that seems to be emerging I call
frightening, discouraging, I call disheart-
ening, and I call downright dangerous.
The pattern of irresponsibility is to at-
tack blindly; attack the democratic in-
stitution of the Congress of the United
States; attack it; weaken the confidence
of the American people in the greatest
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8386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
democratic assemblage the world has
ever known; destroy it; attack the Chief
Executive of the United States; attack
the Commander in Chief of our Armed
Forces; attack, destroy, and weaken the
confidence of the American people in the
ability of a democratic government to
hold o$ the tyranny of Communism;
attack the Defense Department; weaken
and destroy the confidence of the Amer-
ican people In the ability of our military
people to exercise the proper judgment
and to meet the challenges that we have
to face; attack and destroy the State
Department; weaken the confidence of
the American people In those who are
responsible for carrying out the foreign
policy decisions of the United States; at-
tack the Supreme Court, abolish it,
modify it, change its powers, weaken the
confidence of the American people in
the democratic Institution of divided
powers and authority.
Do all this-for political purposes?
dod forbid-but the dangerous pattern
faintly but clearly emerges out of the
cloud of irresponsible political venom
filling the air.
Do all this-to accomplish what?
Win the Congress? Win the White
House? Throw out the "ins"?
Let us have our political opposition.
Let us have our political fights. Let us
draw the lines on the issues. Let us call
them very clearly to the attention of the
American people. But let us be respon-
alble and preserve, not attack, our demo-
cratic institutions. Let us be responsible
and then go to our own people and let
them decide who should carry on.
Mr. Speaker, it is in this context that
I bring to this body today the problems
that exist in my area with respect to the
Cuban refugees who are fleeing the
tyranny of communism in Cuba.
Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. FASCELL. I yield to my dis-
tinguished colleague, the gentleman from
Florida.
Mr. PEPPER. I want to associate my-
self very strongly with the sentiments
expressed by my distinguished colleague,
the gentleman from Florida [Mr. FAS-
caLL] and to ask him whether in that
part of his remarks which I did not hear
he called attention to the fact that the
gentleman and I have planned to hold
hearings within a few days in Miami and
to have all the agencies of the Federal
Government that have to do with the re-
location program of the Cuban refugees
present with us and to let them, in our
presence, hear the sentiment of the peo-
ple of our country as to the impact, eco-
nomic and otherwise, of the Cuban
refugees upon our economy. Did my
distinguished colleague cover that in his
very able remarks?
Mr. FASCELL. I thank the distin-
guished gentleman, who is my able col-
league from my former district. I did
not include that in my remarks and I
am very happy that the gentleman made
mention of It. I want to take this oppor-
tunity, by the way, since I have not had
the opportunity before, to say I am de-
lighted that my district has been split
In half and that you now so ably repre-
sent the other half. I also want to say
here on the record that from the day
you have been here you have interested
yourself ably in this problem and have
exercised great leadership and knowl-
edge with respect to it. I know that we
can solve this problem. I thank the
gentleman for his remarks.
Mr. PEPPER. I thank my colleague.
MINNESOTA TACONITE
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. RYAN
of New York). Under previous order of
the House, the gentleman from Min-
nesota [Mr. MACGRECOR] is recognized
for 15 minutes.
(Mr. MAcGREGOR asked and was
given permission to revise and extend
his remarks and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. MACGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, all
of us in this body are concerned, as are
our colleagues in the other body, with the
problems of our country's depressed
areas. All of us are disturbed by the
continuing problem of serious unemploy-
ment in this country. We are concerned
with proper solutions to the problems of
these economically unfortunate areas,
and many of us recognize that the best
solutions lie in the efforts of private citi-
zens, private associations, and compa-
nies, and the efforts of local and State
governments.
In this connection, there is about to be
written in the State of Minnesota a suc-
cessful conclusion to an effort to properly
bring to northeastern Minnesota the
economic health which that area of the
State and of the country deserves to en-
joy. That success story is not the result
of action by the Federal Government,
but rather it stems from concerted ac-
tivity by municipal and local government
officials, by the executive and legislative
branches of the Minnesota State govern-
ment, and by officials of the United
States Steel Corp. and the United Steel-
workers.
Mr. Speaker, as a Congressman from
the State of Minnesota I desire to inform
the House ofRepresentatives of an issue
of vital importance to the people of
economically depressed northeastern
Minnesota. indeed to the entire State of
Minnesota, and to the Nation. That
Issue Is taconite, and the related attempt
to add a taconite tax amendment to
the Minnesota State constitution. The
argument for the amendment had been
arrived at only after careful study and
analysis. I should like to present some
of the background of this proposal.
For more than three-quarters of a cen-
tury, Minnesota and iron ore have been
linked together. Since 1884, when the
Soudan Mine was opened on the Vermil-
ion Range, iron mining has played a
major role in Minnesota's economy.
Vermilion Range iron mining opera-
tions were much like those of Michigan
and other areas-underground mining
for the most part. But when the great
Mesabi Range began to sprout mining
camps, a revolution was about to begin in
the American Iron and steel ' business.
Never before had iron ore of such rich
quality been attainable so easily from
open pits.
March 6
The Mesabi Range began to produce
ore shortly, after 1890 when iron ore was
discovered near Iron Mountain, Minn.
Further discoveries near Biwaljk led to
the construction of the Duluth, Mesabi,
and Northern Railroad line in 1892, when
the first Mesabi ore was shipped to dock-
side In Duluth.
The Mesabi Range proved to be far
larger than any of its discoverers had
ever dreamed. Within a few years after
1892, the ore-chiefly soft hematite-
was discovered all the way from Babbitt
on the east to Grand Rapids, 110 miles to
the southwest. Then when ore ship-
ments from the Cuyuna Range began to
flow down the Great Lakes in 1911, Min-
nesota's position as the world's foremost
iron ore producer was assumed.
As mining methods improved, and
with the demands of World War I and
the economic growth that followed it in
the 1920's, Minnesota's importance as a
source of iron ore steadily grew. By
1940, Minnesota had produced more than
1.2 billion tons of iron ore. Indeed, Min-
nesota had the lion's share of the iron
ore market.
World War II brought an even greater
demand for Minnesota ore, and during
the 5 war years, Minnesota's mining in-
dustry produced over 338 million tons
of ore-ore for all but a minute percent-
age of our war armaments. And the
next 5 years saw only a slight lessening
of the need for Minnesota-produced ore,
with 295 million tons being shipped.
Then came the Korean war and the
prosperity of the 1950's-a time during
which Minnesota had its biggest ore-
producing years-79 million tons in 1951,
a Korean war year, and 81 million tons
in 1953. These were good years for
Minnesota and its iron mining industry,
good years for iron miners and their
communities.
Today, however, conditions are much
different. Minnesota no longer has a
monopoly on iron ore sources. In fact,
our largest fields of rich, pure ore are
close to being depleted. Ore today is be-
ing produced in dozens of different
places, all of which compete with our
Minnesota ore, While Minnesota's share
of the iron ore market has declined, the
State has been unable to keep pace with
other areas in attracting investments for
iron ore products.
PROBLEMS AOR MINNESOTA ORE PRODUCERS
Actually, Minnesota's iron ore problem
can be traced to a number of different
causes-all of which have contributed
to the overall problem. The problem,
basically, is that Minnesota no longer
dominates the market for iron ore as it
previously has. The reason for this loss
of hold on the market is that other areas
can produce ore of equal or better quality
at an equal or lower cost. If iron ore
cannot compete 'on the quality-cost
front, then it cannot sell, and if it does
not sell, there are no opportunities for
jobs. This is the current problem-de-
mand for high-quality ore at a reason-
able and competitive cost.
It would seem reasonable to assume
that iron ore produced in Minnesota
should cost approximately the same as
iron ore produced elsewhere in the Na-
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V.N. Confere ce-Lnow;tz' Rote to be manageable? Would there be too of harnessing sound and space to men whose
many academic dissertione and abstruse die- lives are spent harnessing water buffalo).
EXTENSION? OF REMARKS cusSions in which experts. would talk only 3. We learned how little technology alone
to Other experts in the unintelligible gob- or money alone or aid programs alone could
or bledegook of, their expertise? Could such a -do to solve the problems or meet the needs,
HON. FRANK J. H0,?T4N Conference involving Communist and non- and that the challenge is one that can only
Communist representatives-and held at be dealt with effectively in terms of the
or NEW YORK precisely the same time as the Disarmament economies
the mores
th
i
l
,
,
e soc
a
customs,
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Conference a stone's throw away-submerge the ways of life of the countries we are try-
the cold war long enough to concentrate on ing to help to help themselves.
Monday, March 4, 1963 programs to help the millions of human 4. We learned in an unforgettable way
Mr. HORTONJ.. Mr, Speaker, a dis- beings in need? that the best way to exchange knowledge is
ti Mr.
ished am no resident of the aktr I is On just about every count, I found the to wrap it up in a person, that the most
Conference more successful and effective effective method by which to transfer in-
privileged to represent, Sol M. Lino- than I had anticipated. formation and experience is on a person-to-
Witz, of Rochester, N.Y., was a member The U.S. delegation-led with immense person and people-to-people basis.
of this country's delegation to the Unit- skill and judgment by Dr. Walsh McDermott,
ed Nations Conference on the Applica- Cornell Medical School professor-included
One area In which Bwhich HELP
tion of Science and Technology for`the Jerome Wiesner, special assistant to the the Conference and
Benefit_ of the Less Developed Areas held President for Science and Technology; Her_ especially our American participation might
recently in Geneva, Switzerland. Ian Cleveland, Assistant Secretary of State well have been bolstered, it seems to me,
for International Organizations; Jonathan would have ri been er in having more industry.
Mr, hinowltz, an attorney, is chair- Bingham, Ambassador to the U.N. Economic Lives of American business and industry. A number of the del from other
man of the board of Xerox Corp? a and Social Council; Frank Coffin, Deputy Ad- countries
trustee of the University of Rochester, ministrator of Agency for International De-
-including some from the Commu-
New York. State president of the Amer* velopment (AID); Leona Baumgartner, As- d
nist belt' few a the American point that business there were
scan Association for the United Nations sistant Administrator for Human Resources relatively attendance few and yet the Implementation of
and an officer in .many civic organiza- of 'AID; Detlev Bronk, president of the many of would require e
tiony, Rockefeller Institute; Dr. I. Rabi, Nobel cisely many the the objectives would encer pre-
In a recent edition of the Rochester prize-winning physicist; Dr. Margaret Mead, e techniques and experience devil-
associate curator of the American Museum oped by American industry.
Times-Union, Mr. Linowitz wrote a re- of Natural History; Dr. Max Millikan, direr- toWmakevcl am thatwhereverAmericancouldbusinesstried
and
Port on the U.N, Conference, as a guest for of the Center of International Studies at industry were ready to help the advance of
columnist for Paul Miller, editor and M.I.T., and Newton Minow, Chairman of the thefless developed areas of the world with
publisher, We can learn much from Federal Communications Commission.
Mr. Linowitz's _ observations. I take The delegation worked hard and long and their science, technology, and accumulated
Confer-
pleasure in offering them for the atten- I believe it is fair to say that its impact on skills, and that out of real Gidaa a as to
s the Conference was ways might come soma real guidance as -
Lion of my colleagues: greater than that of any ways in which American government, busi
I3ow U.N. CONFERENCE ATTACKED WORLD other. ness, industry and labor might join together
CONFERENCE COLD WAR SQUELCHED to help meet the needs of the less developed
At the outset there were some on our dele- countries.
(By Sol M. Linowitz) gation who plumped for playing one-upman- Before I left Geneva, I summed up my
"The simple fact is that we have learned ship with the Russians-meet every Russian own observations for our American delega-
a great deal more from them than they have parry, answer every Soviet point, counter tion. It seemed to me the whole theme
learned from us," every Russian maneuver. But it soon was could well lie in this sentence from Arnold
That comment by one of the U.S. delegates recognized that this should not be our role. Toynbee:
to the U.N. conference on the Application of When at the opening plenary session, chief "Our age will be well remembered not
Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Russian delegate, Federov, launched into for its horrifying crimes or its astonishing in-
L66 Developed Areas held in Geneva, Switz- some cold war pyrotechnics, Wiesner, follow- ventions, but because it is the first genera-
erland, between February 4 and 20 summar- ing him to the platform, won widespread tion in history in which mankind dared to
ized for a number of us the most dramatic laughter and applause with the simple intro- believe it practical to make the benefits of
result of the Conference, ductory sentence:
civilization available to the whole human
As a member of the U.S. delegation to "It is good to be here at this nonpolitical race."
UNOSAT (the ponderous formal title led to Conference to discuss true science."
the even less pronounceable abbreviation ,
L As time went on, it became clear to all of
I participated in the sessions from February , us that the 400 delegates from the under- Macauley's Warning
The Conference set ub as developed nations had their eyes on the
an unprecedented g oa$ bal effort to the t. uU.N. p jectives and aspirations.
lize the accumulated) experience and re- of
sources of the more _ developed nations in Time and again heir representatives would
launching a full-scale attack against the il- tell us in informal talks that their nations HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN
literacy, hunger, disease, and poverty of the were trying to emulate the kind of progress
leas developed areas. we had achieved and would like to accom- OF MASSACHUSETTS
To Geneva came some 1,500 delegates from plish some of those things for themselves. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
But, they emphasized, they wanted to do so Thursday, February 7, 1963
80 countries. Among them were foremost in their own way, In their own time, and
governmental officials, scientists, technical in their own social and economic tradition, Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, some 100
experts, educational, medical, and other And in understanding this, we all were years ago the great British thinker and
leaders.
The purpose of the Conference was not to learning a good deal of lasting significance: famed writer, Macauley, in one of his
make re of t the to Conference was or to 1. We learned directly and personally about writings issued a stern forbidding warn-
m
co.
me re oec end' regarding porn Rather, the real problems which confront these un- Ing to the Government and the people of
it was to focus attention on practical means derdeveloped countries and how we must the United States.
for accelerating the development of the less tons. about them in trying to arrive at solo- This warning is so realistic and timely
developed areas through effective application today thatI think it is well worth re-
of science, technology, and other advances 2. We learned that much of what we know peating for the
of the more fully developed societies, and which is of real consequence to the possible benefit of the
GOBBLEDEGOOK less to the developed societies. rich areas of the earth is almost meaning- House and the country.
LrrrLE
vast poor Frankly, I went to the Conference with barely survive by tillige the soilwith hoe and Your o Constitution follows:
is all sail and no an-
some real questions. Would it be too large primitive plow (it makes little sense to talk chor. As I said before, when a society
A1155
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 A1168 ApproveLd& eggfg 4/#&C~}gCJA.RMEf DIi 3R000200220017-OMCrch 6
trlk have driven employers to
e
k
right of constructive criticism are vitally
important.
The administration of President Kennedy
has said that it now is high time that its op-
ponents quiet down on the Cuban situation.
Fortunately, the Republican Party has no
intention of letting up on its close scrutiny
of the Kennedy administration's handling of
the Cuban situation, As leaders of the Re-
publicans have pointed out, the Soviets now
are rather firmly entrenched in the Western
Hemisphere and it may take some doing to
get theme out.
?rest ent Kennedy and his circle of ad-
visers *ould like to see a bipartisan front re-
garding position in Cuba.
icy of news management, especially in the
Cuban situation.
Krock said the weapon of news manage-
ment has been improperly used to inflate
success or gloss over error In the aftermath
of half-won showdowns, such as President
Kennedy's with respect of the Soviet rearm-
ament of Cuba.
No wonder Republican leaders and even
some Democratic leaders are Insisting on a
complete disclosure of the Cuban fiasco and
are carrying on investigations of their own
to get it.
Even Though Heller Jeers We Need More
By bipartisan, he means no voice of criti-
cism, no opposition, no needling of any kind. Puritanical Principles in Washington
c a
ti
ti
nshi
ar
sa
p
of
which will best serve the public.
Republican leaders in the Congress feel
that there is deep unrest throughout the
country concerning the Cuban situation.
They feel, and rightly so, that it is their
duty and their responsibility to continue to
let thq Kennedy administration know that
they are watching his progress, or lack of
progress, carefully. They will make them-
selves heard when they feel It is necessary.
This is not the time for shutting our eyes
and blindly following Kennedy and his ad-
visers or refraining from any criticism or sug-
gestion whatsoever.
The` voice of opposition, of constructive
criticism, must continue to be heard, now
more than ever before. There is too much
at stake for any other course to be followed.
[From the Palladium-Item, Richmond, Ind.]
How CAN WE BELIEVE THEM?
How can President Kennedy expect us to
have full trust and unshaking confidence in
his administration If he, his advisers, and his
spokesmen engage in half-truths, evasive an-
swers, sly suppression of facts, or even in
outspoken denials.
Take the 1961 invasion attempt on Cuba
and Senator DraxsEN's recent disclosure that
four American filers were killed.
President Kennedy's Defense Department
at first declined to comment on the report
of the Senate Republican leader.
The Department was unwilling to confirm
or de' y the statement of Senator DraxsaN,
Republican, of Illinois, who is making a one-
man inquiry into the Bay of Pigs disaster in
April' 1961.
Later, Senator MIxx MANSFIELD, Senate
Democratic leader, confirmed the report. The
four Airmen, he said, were employed to train
Cuban pilots and navigators. The Ameri-
cans 'volunteered to fly combat missions and
were shied.
All the details of this Ill-fated invasion at-
tempts are in the hands of the Defense De-
partl}Ient. If Senator DlaxszN, alone and
eingl`ehanded, succeeded In getting this In-
formAtion, undoubtedly the Defense Depart-
meni could have published it long since.
e suppression, thq alteration, and the
with Iolding of information about public af-
fairs are usurpations of the rights of the
peorhe.
Ti}e monopoly on information, which a
burepucratlc officialdom believes it has on
information, destroys the faith, reliability,
and onfidence which the people should have
in their public officials.
Ngither is the deft and nimble weapon of
aoci i flattery and patronage which the Pres-
ide is employing to control and color news
des ned to encourage or solidify public trust
and reliance In his words and actions.
60 eara a Washington correspondent and a
lonjtime friend of President Kennedy and
his family, Ina magazine article, says he
has,aeen nothing to match the Kennedy pol-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ANCHER NELSEN
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 6, 1963
Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, the Rock
County Star-Herald of Luverne, Minn.,
has an editor, Alan C. McIntosh, who
does not think much of the theories cur-
rently being expounded in Washington,
as he demonstrates In an editorial in a
recent issue. Thinking my colleagues
would be interested, I request that the
editorial be published in the RECORD:
EVEN THOUGH HELLER JEESS WE NEED MORE
.
s
ers
dockwor
automate at a fantastic pace.
Until profits increase no employer is going
to add marginal labor to his payroll.
He just Isn't going to risk, It takes an
average of $15,000 to $17,000 in machinery
and plant investment to create a single job.
Who will risk $450,000 to create 50 jobs
when he can make more return just "sitting"
on his money.
When bonds bring a higher yield than
stocks, as in today's market it is a clear signal
of what is wrong.
if Dr. Heller wants to know why America
isn't moving forward faster just let him look
at the mirror-this man who sees no danger
Danger of Mor ubas
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 6, 1963
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
call the attention of the House to a
very line editorial which appeared in
the Lawrence, Mass., Eagle-Tribune on
February 27, 1963. The editors have
pointed out the very important truth
that the security of Latin America de-
pends to a large degree on attacking the
prevailing social and economic injustice.
Dr. Walter Heller. who left the banks of DANGER Oi MORE CUBAS
the Mississippi River where he was an in-
structor at the University of Minnesota, is
now the economic adviser to the President.
Sometimes Dr. Heller's theories are so far
out in front that you think you are looking
at the 1982 model of economic theory.
He slurringly referred to the old belief that
living within your income, as an individual
or as a government, as being old hat ? '
that trcing to spend less than you take In
is an outmcd"d Puritanical belief.
We think Dr. Heller may be a most bril-
liant man but we think he needs a reorienta-
tion course in America--what made Amer-
ica great-and what made America "tick."
We think he could well apologize to the
Puritans-what we need more of in Washing-
ton today is principles of the Puritans as to
honesty. morals, thrift, and decency and less
of what we have.
The curse of too many administrations has
been the number of college theorists--and
Harvard doesn't bold the monopoly-who
h've never earned a dollar in their lives by
risking a dollar-who haven't even managed
a peanut stand but who would remake Amer-
ica, and what made America great. Individual
enterprise and initiative.
The administration claque jeers at those
who do not swallow eight unseen the "re-
forms" In the tax measure. They say spend-
when he told President Kennedy that the
United-States and Latin America must con-
trol air and sea traffic between Cuba and
Latin American nations to stamp out Com-
munist subversion.
He uttered the obvious too when he said
that economic and social reforms must be
accomplished in Latin America or Cuban
communism will have numerous national
comrades in this hemisphere.
Kennedy did not say yes or no to Betan-
court's proposals. He merely pledged full
support of Venezuela's resistance of com-
munism. But he could not have failed to
see the sense in Betancourt's words, nor
could be have failed to discern the enormity
of the obligation Betancourt defined.
Obvious, we think, is the fact that the
kind of control Betancourt called for would
have to be applied almost wholly by the
United States. Latin - American nations
through the Organization of American States
never, since the rise of communism in Cuba,
have been able to agree on effective action
against the Castro regime. The fact that
Brazil did not promptly return to Venezuela
the hijackers of a Venezuelan ship signifies
the unwillingness or inability of Latin Amer-
ica to deal vigorously with the danger of
communism.
But effective control of air and sea traffic
tbat was what they said in the 1960 cam- from Cuba to other Latin American nations
paign before they put sand on the rails when would not prevent the establishment of Com-
they got their hands on the throttle. munist regimes in Central and South Amer-
Somehow we have the idea that an advance ica. As long as unrest caused by social and
alibi is being prepared for a "Kennedy de- economic injustice prevails, the soil to nour-
pression" which will result If policies are not ish communism exists, and someone will ap-
reversed. pear to seed it. Communist Cuba, free to
What Dr. Heller falls to see. through the export subversion, makes the seeding process
miasmic fog of his esthetic economic the- easier.
cries that debt is a virtue. is this: The President, as he examines this truth.
Private Investment which is the only must bitterly rue what his brother Robert
thing that creates jobs has been lagging. It calls the mistake he made when Cuban exiles
will never pick up unless investors see a nearly 2 years ago tried to overthrow Castro
hope of profit. and failed because the administration re-
Union demands, which the administration fused to shake the dust of neglect from the
aids and abets as in the settlement of the Monroe Doctrine.
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 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1179
'Tax Incentive to attract new industries to ALL THIS HIKING IS THE RESULT OF FIVE This series of blunders produced utter
the State; change election law by doing away CAPITAL BLUNDERS chaos. Men, women, and children, heedless
with names on petitions, and allow candi- (By Charles W. Bailey) of their conditions, um ed out of
dates to run in their party primary by paying physical j p
a filing fee and bond for character, to in- WASHINGTON, D.C.-Serious students of his- their TV lounges and took to the hills. It
crease participation in party primaries; ex- tory probably will overlook it, but the brief will be months, perhaps years, before the full
pand rehabilitation program for crisis over the 50-mile hike tells a lot about extent of the damage to the Nation's health
young par-
pie in correctional institutions; primary the Kennedy administration. and welfare can be accurately measured.
election for all State offices; State legislative It flashed across the wintry landscape of The end result, of course, was public hu-
reapportionment based upon citizen popula- Washington like a comet last week, dazzling miliation for Salinger. He had to be sacri-
tion; permanent primary day in June; in- but short lived, leaving blistered feet, bruised ficed, much as Nikita Khrushchev had to sac-
crease State aid for education as to fair share egos, and a shower of bad jokes in its wake. rifice the prestige of Fidel Castro last Oc-
of the taxes by the residues; free tuition at In many respects, the hiking crisis parallels tober.
city colleges; right to vote A 18 years. the Canadian crisis. Both began with ad- Backing down when he stood toe-to-toe
`State build upstate rehabilitation camps ministration statements being issued with- with challenge would have been bad enough,
for dope victims; fair sabbath law in New out full checking and clearance. Both pro- but events conspired to make Pierre look
York City; off-track betting by a referen- duced results beyond the wildest nightmares even worse. Seven congressional secretaries,
dum; research study to curtail the pollution of those who made the statements. Both all female, had announced they would match
of air and water; raise drinking age to 21 wound up embarrassing the officials involved. him stride for stride-and they went walking
gears; more stringent penalties to dispensers It is true that one of these crises brought anyway.
of narcotics; State bonus of Korean veterans, about the fall of a government, while the One of them even went so far as to cut
racial: discriminations be extended to all other brought down nothing more than a few her foot at the start of the hike, and then
multiple dwellings and one- or, two-family arches. But the basic elements-ill-coneid- stick it out to the end, 32 miles away, regard-
houses throughout State. ered statements, misunderstandings, hastily less of pain, suffering, and band-aids.
"More State aid for public health centers; designed policy expedients, chain reaction re- It is surely to be hoped that out of the
repeal law creating East Hudson Parkway; percussions-were markedly similar, debacle some hard lessons may be learned by
examinations be given every 10 years for all Perhaps the most serious failure of gov- the administration. Certainly its prestige is
motor vehicle operators; change election law ernmental machinery came at the very start. not enhanced by this sort of thing. Further-
to live In county 30 days and not 4 months; The commandant of the Marine Corps, clean- more, Nelson Rockefeller looks like a pretty
establish State commisslon of recreation; Ing out his old files, came across a half-cen- good long-haul hiker himself>
mandatory sentence of 20 years for nonaddict tury-old order from President Theodore
pushers in illegal sale of narcotics for profit; Roosevelt directing Marine officers to be-
mandatory W,.
5-year sentence for carrying knife come proficient in long-distance walking.
for improper purposes; mandatory 10-year His mistake was in sending it on to Pres-, How V
To Deal With Soviet Cuba Short of
sentence using knife in any crime of vio- ident Kennedy as a curiosity. Everyone in
lence; better nursing home care for aged, town ought to know by now that it Is dan- War
with more help given to the handicapped and gerous to send historical curiosities to Mr.
With more assistance to the gifted students. Mistake No. 2 was made by the Chief Execu-
Domestic Peace Corps; toughening first tive, who obviously read the old order hastily of
and second "degree -rape laws; recodification and acted without proper background brief- HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
of the criminal statutes to curb juvenile Ing ar policy staffing.
delinquency; study laws to unify the Federal He fired it right back to the commandant, OF ILLINOIS
and State laws, with less, entanglement; in- saying it was a fine thing and wondering IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
stall device in automobiles to control auto if Marines could do as well today. It is al-
exhaust gas; amend State election law to ways a mistake to suggest to a Marine that Wednesday, March 6,1963
provide for part-time off for voting; urge he may not be one of the old breed, es- Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, under
State legislature to ratify the 15th amend- pecially when the Marine you tell it to can leave to extend my remarks in the
ment, and advocate a printed record be pub- order out the whole corps to prove you RECORD I am inserting an editorial from
lashed and made available to .the public of wrong. the March 8, 1963, Life magazine which
full proceedings of State legislature." Mr. Kennedy's second mistake was in
The above legislation will be introduced in bringing Pierre Salinger, his press seere- discusses the problem of Cuba and places
the State Legislature in January 1963 by our tary, into the inner circle of policymakers special emphasis on the dangers of
14 members in the State senate and 29 in who had knowledge of the matter. Communism Spreading from Cuba to
State assembly, with Aileen B. Ryan, of the The President, obviously failing to real- South America.
Bronx, chairman in the assembly, and Samuel ize that Salinger is almost as eager to get The editorial states that President
L. Greenberg, of Brooklyn, chairman in the himself into the public eye as he is to pub- Kennedy's negotiations could seem more
senate. liaise his boss, told his press secretary serious if "he took steps to put more pres-
Harold R. Moskovit, State President of the the whole story. sure on the already chaotic Cuban
Affiliated Young Democrats of New York Salinger proceeded to commit a fourth er-
presided. ror. He not only leaked the whole thing economy, make its support more expen-
to the papers, but went on Impetuously in SiVe to the Russians, and ultimately make
......... -,. w,,,ca+ w bind the Hikes _y yyvat' uaai.,(DDLJ1O.
he'd try walking, too. In this connection I refer the Members AAA--l. -, i., __--
a.,,o vaaay uu1 ne lee nimseiI in for an inevi- - - ------- ce -House
EXTENSION OF REMARKS tableaoss of face-those who know him best March 4 when I introduced House
of - - - never" allowed themselves to think he would Resolution 277, urging a study, by the
LL,7GA Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy into the advisability of denying the u9e of
? OF MINNESOTA the act. the Panama Canal to all vessels tradi
ng
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bobby, who is congenitally incapable of with Cuba.
admitting that he cannot do anything that The above-mentioned editorial follows:
Wednesday, March 6, 1963 anyone else can do and then some, leaped " How To DEAL WITH Soviar CUBA SHORT OF
Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, Charles Into his high shoes, called in his own flacks WAR
and took
W. ~,ailey, Washington staff correspond- off. The recent freak attack by Cuban Migs
ent for the Minneapolis Tribune, in a re- In so doing, Bobby made another mis- on a flagless American shrimp boat elicited
take-and one that-is typical of this adman- a prompt order from President Kennedy;
cent article drew an interesting appraisal istration. When a Kennedy does something, next time our jet fighters will shoot back.
of the 50-mile hikes encouraged by the he really does it. It mattered not to him But this is no answer to the question that
present administration, Mr. Bailey, it that the original order was aimed at pro- Senators KEATING, COOPER, STENNIS, RUSSELL,
will be remembered, is coauthor of the ducing marines who could carry heavy loads and other critics and doubters of the ad-
book "Seven Days in May," which has and live off the country while covering ministration's Cuban policy keep asking:
found popularity in this country. I ground at a reasonable pace for several days. Why should there be any Migs in Cuba at
would like to call my colleagues' atten- All that Bobby saw was the part about all, not to mention some 17,000 Russian
tion to the Barticle which awalking 50 miles. To a Kennedy, that means troops, more than 500 antiaircraft missiles,
iii the the Bailey ail 18 issue of the appeared pear e, do it now, at high speed, and all at once, and and huge quantities of other Soviet arma-
and ask February .18 reprinted en today's never mind the fine print. That's the way ments? They want to know why the ad-
he did it, leaving his reluctant comrades ministration continues to downgrade the im-
RECORD: scattered along the way to Camp David, Md. portance of these Soviet arms and whether
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1963
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1189
My topic tonight is the economics of recla-
mation and I want to use my time to put
into proper perspective the various facets
of multipurpose development In the States
of the Colorado River Basin. To borrow an
old phrase, we sometimes have a tendency to
get so close to one tree of benefits we can-
not see the whole forest of multiple pur-
poses and benefits. It is only when we ac-
complish this total purpose that the Colo-
rado River Basin is assured of maximum
benefits, This, I am sure, is your desire as
well as ours. `
.I want to emphasize first that the his-
toric mission of the Bureau of Reclamation
was and is to conserve and put water to a
useful purpose. Our job is" the saving and
salvage of water-the storing, controlling
and regulating of water supplies for bene-
ficial, consumptive uses by the people In the
cities and towns and on the farms of the
West.
In accomplishing that objective, we have
the responsibility to give full consideration
to all water resource development functions.
We must build our projects to fulfill as many
purposes as possible in order that the maxi-
num number of people can realize the maxi-
mum benefits from this most valuable of
our publicly owned natural resources.
Thlis multipurpose concept has become in-
creasingly important. More and more at-
tention is being given to purposes such as
recreation, fish and wildlife, water-quality
control, area redevelopment and others that
were fully considered in the early days of
reclamation. Hydroelectric power, however,
Was one of the first multiple uses incorpo-
rated into the reclamation program and
continues today to be one of the most
important.
hydroelectric power plays a crucial and
a most significant role in the Federal recla-
mation program. Important in itself for the
energy it provides for farms, homes, and
industries in the area, it is doubly so be-
cause power revenues are a critical part of
the economics of reclamation as we presently
'know them. The keystone of these policies
is relinbursability. The ever-present, hard
fact of life in Federal reclamation may be
stated simply-a project is feasible if reim-
bursable costs can be repaid over a specified
period of time. The principle was written
into the original Reclamation Act of 1902
and is as good and effective today as it was
then.
I personally would have it no other way
and I do not believe you would either. I
believe iin paying my own way and I believe
Government projects should, too, to the
-maximum of their ability. I am more than
a little proud of the fact that the total
Federal investment for reclamation is more
than 92 percent reimbursable and that we
are more than 99 percent current in these
.:repayment obligations, I say "we" not solely
in the sense of a Bureau of Reclamation
employee, but -we in the sense of the bene-
-ficiaries of reclamation, primarily the water
and power "users'. ;
Now then, -how does Federal reclamation
power fit into this picture? I say Federal
reclamation 'power because it clearly defines
a particular specie of power in the large
family from which our various types of en-
ergy come. Federal reclamation power is
power with a particular purpose which comes
from a multipurpose development plan. It
is power Which Is the paying partner making
such reclamation dams and reservoirs feasi-
ble.
It is, public power not only by generation
at ?a publicly owned facility, but because
Congress has pfeseribed that it be marketed
With preference 'to public and cooperative
agencies. Thus, Federal reclamation power
is so distinct and unique that its place in
the total energy catalog should be clearcut.
So tonijht,+as we discuss kilowatts on the
Colorado and their relationship to the eco-
nomics of reclamation, we are talking about
Federal reclamation power-hydroelectric
power that provides the financial assistance
that assures repayment ability-hydroelectric
power that is the prime mover in the entire
scheme of water resources development in
the Colorado River Basin. Without it, it is
safe to say, the Colorado would still be a
wild and unruly river, its resources largely
wasted. Either that or there would be a
tremendous Federal subsidy poured into the
efforts to control the river and put it to
useful purposes.
I will not attempt to go into the past
development on the Colorado and its tribu-
taries. Let it suffice to say that there are
presently reclamation facilities for serving
2,212,000 acres of land in the basin and
adjacent service areas, and that last year
crops harvested from the lands grossed $345.6
million. There are an estimated 9 million
people receiving municipal and industrial
water in the Colorado River Basin service
area. Last year there were nearly 5,5 billion
kilowatt-hours of energy generated by Bu-
reau of Reclamation hydroelectric plants
having a total capacity of nearly 2 million
kilowatts.
Take these contributions from Federal
reclamation development out of the economy
of the Rocky Mountain and Pacific South-
western States and you would have a great
void. Reclamation has made an invaluable
contribution to building up the economy of
this fastest growing area of the United States
during the last half century. Yet, almost
every penny of the Federal reclamation ex-
penditure is being repaid. Surely there is
no better investment. And hydropower has
been a key to this development by providing
a means of reimbursement to the Federal
Government of the hard dollars put into
it over the years.
Specifically now to the upper Colorado
River project. Here the law requires that
the power costs be repaid within 50 years
from date of completion of separable features.
Irrigation costs in the major reservoirs must
be repaid in 50 years from completion of the
dams. Power revenues must repay those ir-
rigation costs on participating units which
the irrigators cannot repay in 50 years.
The power payout period and the reservoir
Irrigation cost payout period, for all prac-
tical purposes, are simultaneous. Because
power cost is interest-bearing and Irrigation
cost is not, the minimum annual cost, and
hence the minimum power rate, results when
power costs are paid in less than 50 years
and the irrigation cost In the remaining pe-
riod. Thus repayment is accomplished at
a minimum power rate consistent with legal
requirements of the project.
In the Colorado River storage project, esti-
mated to cost over a billion dollars, power
pays about 84 percent of the total, while all
other uses pay about 8 percent. Another 8
percent Is nonreimbursable. These figures
well illustrate the role power plays in rec-
lamation.
At the present time, we and the upper
basin are moving ahead together on the Colo-
rado River storage project. Navajo Dam is
virtually complete.. Flaming Gorge Dam has
been topped out and the storage of water
begun. Less than a million cubic yards is
needed to top out' Glen Canyon Dam, and
the first steps have been taken' to enable
storage of water in Lake Powell when the
spring runoff comes in April or May of this
year, Ground was broken at Blue Mesa
damsite on the Gunnison River last July,
the first of three dams which will make up
this fourth major storage unit, the Cure-
canti.
The first Colorado River storage project
power is scheduled for production next Sep-
tember at Flaming Gorge Dam and by mid-
1964, at Glen Canyon Dam. Construction of
transmission lines was started in 1961 and
has been speeded up since completion of
negotiations for the Interchange and wheel-
ing of Colorado River storage project power
by your own and other non-Federal utilities.
The animated map on display here shows the
wide distribution of this new power supply
to preference customers.
Work on the participating projects, which
are the end result of the total project au-
thorization, was initiated in 1959. This year
will mark the beginning of the harvest of
the vast benefits which will accrue. Not only
will the first hydropower be produced this
year,. but irrigation water will also be avail-
able to supply more than 7,500 acres of new
lands and more than 37,000 acres of supple-
mental lands on the completed participating
projects. With lakes forming behind Navajo,
Flaming Gorge, and Glen Canyon Dams, the
first benefits from recreational use will also
be realized.
Thus, there is little doubt about the place
of Federal reclamation power in the eco-
nomics of development of the Colorado River
Basin. Without the financial assistance
from these power revenues, we could not
achieve the great multipurpose benefits
which mean so much to the future of the
areas which you serve.
Keep in mind, too, that as economic growth
continues in the basin-growth fostered in
large measure by expanding our available
water resources through the Federal recla-
mation program-the demand for power
skyrockets.
It is clearly evident in the basin, as else-
where, that we must combine all of our
efforts to meet the power needs with maxi-
mum output from total investment and
facilities. To do otherwise would be waste-
ful and could possibly Increase the cost of
energy.
That is why we have sought a middle-of-
the-road course to bring all utilities Into the
picture in working out the best arrange-
ments from the project standpoint. In the
challenge of meeting our power needs. I be-
lieve there is a place for all of us, public and
private utilities, and the Federal Govern-
ment. That is why I insisted on negotiating
agreements with the private utilities for the
interchange and transmission of Colorado
River storage project power. It is why we
reached an agreement with the Colorado-Ute
Electric Association and the Salt River proj-
ect for interconnection and exchange of
power at proposed thermal generating plants
near Craig, Colo., and Shiprock, N. Mex.
This agreement, like those with the private
utilities, would be mutually advantageous
to all parties.
The decision of the Colorado Public Utili-
ties Commission, announced last week on
February 21, enables Colorado-Ute to pro-
ceed at one with construction of the first
unit of the Hayden steamplant. This will
assure savings of construction costs for the
storage project and bring to closer realiza-
tion the benefits that will accrue to the
Upper Colorado River Basin through coordi-
nated operation of this plant with the hydro-
electric plants of the storage project.
The Colorado Public Utilities Commission
is to be congratulated in reaching a decision .
which will assure Colorado of development
of a thermal plant ultimately to be a market
for about 11/2 million tons annually of its
huge coal reserves in western Colorado.
It is worthy to note, in bringing the Upper
Colorado River development up to date, that
the last Congress authorized three major
projects which will make further use of the
waters of the Colorado.
One is the Fryingpan-Arkansas which the
people of the Arkansas River valley have
sought for so long to relieve a critical situ-
ation there. It was pleasing indeed to see
the people of Colorado united in support of
this project. In such unity there is strength.
I think we can all borrow a leaf from Colo,
rado's book in burying our differences and
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 *' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1191
But. now he finds Ills party in Congress anybody's guess but it is hardly too early to fined water laws-for, should we go to a
making a major issue' of the wrongness of be taking thought of tomorrow.
river, what assurance has one that it waters
the Kennedy decisions on. Cuba and that There is no water problem her
w
on
f thi
s
e as o
r
gne
s
s goes back it t t
n parohe expert moment for a number of obvious reasons.
opinions on which. they were based. Mc- Rainfall has been heavy, existing industry
Cone is a Man of strong convictions. As has made no exhorbitant demands, and no
Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission new industry that would be a big water user
under President Eisenhower he did not hesf- has been secured nor is one on the imme-
tate to oppose the Eisenhower policy of try- diate horizon. Our storage reservoir has a
ing to get a nuclear test treaty with the good supply. But then, of course, no indus-
Soviet Union. try that demands a tremendous supply of
McCone believeshe..was right on the dan- water could logically consider Winnsboro
ger of offensive weapons capability being under present conditions, nor would our
instaliedan Cuba before anyone else. By im- area go all out to get such a plant.
plication others were slow to appreciate this For many years now, town authorities have
threat. Inevitably members of his party, been battling the baffling problem of
who want to get all the. mileage possible out whether it would be wise to spend a lot of
of Cuba
would like to
e
hi
,
s
e
m become the
hero of the occasion. This explains the hot-
ness of the hot seat and the significance for
1964,
In this atmosphere minor differences are
exaggerated. On October 3 Under Secretary
of State George Ball read a statement to a
congressional committee in open hearing,
saying there was no evidence of any offensive
'buildup in Cuba_ He based his statement
on the latest intelligence reports.
Had McCone approved it? At first he said
"No." Roger Hilsman Jr., head of intelligence
for the State Department, said he had read
it to McCone and the CIA director then
recalled that it had been informally cleared
with him.
Members of congressional committees have
been concerned at McCone's statement in
executive session that the President's defi-
nitions of offensive and defensive weapons
were not of his making. Yet, he has him-
self said on several occasions that until the
actual photographic evidence was obtained
from the U-2 flights of October 14 it was
impossible to confront Moscow with the chal-
lenge the missiles offered to America's secu-
rity. Going further he has said that not
until the far more complete photographic
evidence of October 16 and 17 could the proof
be put before Latin American and European
states in such a way as to gain their undi-
vided unity in support of the United States.
This .last 3s the important aspect of the
matter in the view of- those arguing for frank-
ness. Since the final evidence was complete
and convincing the outcome was never in
doubt. That is the answer to accusations
that have seemed in some instances reckless
and even hysterical. And it is conceivable
that a full and frank account might buttress
this matter.
Plentiful, Pure Water a Must
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT W. HEMPHILL,
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 6, 1963
Mr. HEMPHILL. Mr. Speaker, under
leave tq extend my remarks in the REc-
ORD, I include the following editorial
from the Winnsboro, S.C., News and
Herald of February 28, 1963:
PLENTIFUL, PURE WATER A MUST
As of the morning of February 28, 1963,
the water situation in Winnsboro-and for
that matter, in most of Fairfield-would
probably, be described by most intelligent
laymen as "A-OK." What the situation will
be 6 months from now, in mid-August, a
year ahead, or 5 years in the future is
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money to guarantee the area an abundant
and ever-available surplus of the precious
fluid; and if the decision for additional
water were made, what route should we
take? More ttorage basins? Go to Little
River? Or go to one of the big rivers, to the
east.or to the west? As a matter of fact,
the town council, a few years ago, had de-
cided to have a referendum on the matter,
even published comprehensive information
on the subject, only to let the issue rest for
the time being.
A protracted summer drought, the influx
of new industry, a sizable increase in pop-
ulation, or a combination of these things
could, no doubt, put us into a critical situa-
tion within a relatively short period of time.
But, for the moment, water is no problem.
Chester, our near neighbor to the north,
thinks it has a serious water problem and a
move is currently being considered to lay
pipe 20 miles to the river to assure a steady
and unlimited supply. But Chester is larger
than Fairfield, is apparently doing much
better in securing new industry, and is pre-
paring for a future that its citizens look.for-
ward to with considerable optimism. Its
water program, if carried to completion, is
an ambitious and expensive one.
We were forcibly reminded of this omni-
present, nationwide problem, which has
reached the acute stage in so many areas, by
the excellent NBC program Sunday evening,
emceed by Chet Huntley and appropriately
titled "The Trouble With Water Is People."
(Parenthetically, it might be observed that
the trouble with everything is people-or
to say it another way, U.S. citizens, by not
taking thought together and in time, have
squandered an untold amount of their rich
natural resources: First the forests, next the
land, and now the water. In large part, we
have corrected our excesses in destroying our
trees and our good earth, but billions of
dollars went down the drain before we came
to grips with reality. Now, late again in
many places, we are waking up as to our
water shortages.)
To the problem, here and elsewhere, there
are no easy answers
no one soluti
,
on Many
. factors enter in, among the most .important
of which are pollution by untreated human
and industrial wastes, chemicals, and deter-
gents-which put a head of foam on our once
pure streams that is distressing to see. The
NBC report showed graphically that Cali-
fornia, where millions live, Arizona, growing
industrially, and other adjacent Western
St
ates are in a ti
ragc and deplorable con-
dition as to water, despite Hoover Dam and
vast reclamation projects, and before mat-
As for the present, however, the News-and
Herald would suggest that the town and
county set up a water study commission to
see, first, that sewage is properly treated
and disposed of everywhere and to be sure
that none of our streams is being unneces-
sarily polluted. Then, let us together decide,
scientifically and intelligently, what is the
best approach to assuring a steady and pure
supply of water to our centers of population.
In one way, Fairfield is fortunate in that
it is sparsely populated. Hence, we have
time to face up to the problems of water and
pollution and to arrive at an areawide sen-
sible solution-probably at reasonable costs.
Time is now on our side but time is fleeting.
Let's keep Fairfield a county of green pas-
tures, clean waters, and luxuriant forests-
meantime planning to supplement our too
meager incomes with desirable industries
which we will be prepared to service properly.
The sooner we plan our future, the better
that future will be.
Small Business and the Surtax
Exemption
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 6, 1963
Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, one of
my constituents, Mr. David I. Pursley,
has a background which renders him
exceptionally well qualified to speak on
the matter of small business exemptions
from the surtax. Under leave to extend
my remarks, I am presenting his letter
and commend it to the attention of the
entire Congress:
PALO ALTO, CALIF.
March 1, 1963.
Subject: Small business and the surtax
exemption.
Hon. CHARLES S. GUBSER,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN GUBSER: Congress has
demonstrated its continuing interest in small
business enterprises and their vital contribu-
tion to the gross national product by such
legislation as the Small Business Adminis-
tration and Investment Act, changes in the
Internal Revenue Code such as subchapter
S, and other moves aimed at stimulating the
economy through encouraging growth of new
business enterprises.
However, Congress has overlooked the one
item of legislation which would help small
business most-legislation to change the
code to enable small businesses to grow
through the retention and reinvestment of
earnings.
Today's small businesses do not have this
opportunity as did our giant corporations
solved and billions of dollars expended-to during their formative years. Du Pont, Can, furnish people with a commoditthat once alllothe s amon General largeoco r r and enter-
was virtaly
cheap and abundant-pure water. So prises were able to their es desperate is the situation that converting stature because they enjoyed corporates ax
ocean water-an expensive expedient but one rates of only 1 to 19 percent (as they were
that is becoming more practical-is being from 1909 to 1939). These reasonable rates
seriously considered as an alternative. enabled the giants to grow through retained
In Winnsboro, in Fairfield, in South Caro- earnings, and enabled these companies to
lina we yet have time to consider alterna- attract adequate equity financing from the
tives. There should be some definitely de- public during their growth years.
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 1 A1192
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March- 6
It is Impractical to suggest that Congress
roll back the corporate income taxes to the
1 percent or even 19 percent levels enjoyed
by these present day corporate giants in
their formative years. However, Congress
can give the small businesses of today an
opportunity similar to that of their present
big brothers by increasing the surtax ex-
emption from $25,000 to $260,000. This pro-
posed-$250,000 surtax exemption is based on
one of the SBA's definitions of a small bust-
new. "an enterprise with an average annual
net income, after taxes, for the preceding 2
years, of not more than 6260,000."
At this- moment It is being proposed that
the ordinary tax rate on the first $25.000 of
taiable corporate income be reduced from 25
to 22 percent. This indicates an awareness
of the small business problem, and Is a step
In the right direction. Nevertheless, the sur-
tax.exemption of only $25,000, if continued.
Will mean that profit for retention and busi-
ness building will continue to be taxed
Sway if the small enterprise is capable of
earning over $25,000. Furthermore, we have
experienced a substantial inflation so that
today's surtax exemption is much less than
half of $25,000 in 1909 or even in 1939
dollars.
This relief for small business can be ac-
complished without loss to the Federal Gov-
ernment of corporate Income tax revenue
if the Congress, at the time the surtax ex-
emption is increased to 8250.000, maintains
the surtax rate at 27 or 28 percent instead
of reducing it to 25 percent as proposed in
the President's eurrent tax proposal. Of
course, large- corporations would enjoy the
$250,000 surtax exemption also; but this
higher surtax exemption, combined with a
reduction in the ordinary tax rate to 22 per-
cent, would give small corporations nearly
the same opportunity to insure their future
growth by retaining part of present earnings
as their big brothers enjoyed from 1949 to
1939."
Iurthermore, an increase in the surtax
exemption combined with a revision of the
Capital gains tax will greatly enhance the
ability of small business to attract equity
Capital from the public.
This recommendation for legislation is
based upon my professional experience in the
field of small business enterprises. I hold
a degree in economics, augmented by 3 yearn
of graduate research in corporate finance
and taxation at the Graduate School of
Business, Stanford University. I am the
son of a successful small business merchant.
After college graduation, I managed a fur-
niture and appliance store for 8 years.
Since the four World War II years as an
officer in the V.B. Navy-Supply Corps, I have
been continuously associated with small
business enterprises as a financial consult.
amt. and as the owner of a substantial equip-
itient leasing corporation, I have acquired
more than $.50 million for small business
enterprises. Several of. the Nation's largest
banks and institutional investors have In-
dicated that they regard me as an authority
in the field of leasing Industrial equipment
and the tax factors Involved.
I regard the increase of the surtax exemp-
tion to $250,000 as vital to the growth of
American business, to the stimulation that
our economy needs' in plant and equipment
Investment, and to the grbwth'in employ-
ment opportunities so urgently required for
our future prosperity.
I believe all mail businesses will appre-
ciate your consideration of this neglected
aspect of our tax law, and I would greatly
appreciate your comments on this suggested
legislation.
Very truly yours,
A True Summer Intern Program
EX'rENS1ON OF REMARKS
ae
HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL
or wxw asses:
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March. 6, 1963
Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, the re-
cent White House concern with the polit-
ical upbringing of students working in
Washington, D.C., during the summer,
has focused attention on efforts to pro-
vide educational opportunities to sum-
mer students. Foremost among the or-
ganizations providing political education
is the National Center for Education in
Politics.
The students working in Federal,
State, and local political offices under
this program are not summer employees
but rather student Interns enhancing
their political education. Last year, 54
students were active at the congression-
al level, 16 worked on campaigns and
another 48 with with political party com-
mittees, 16 served with State and local
executives, and 5 worked with interest
groups. A total of 139 undergraduates,
40 more than the year before, benefited
by the program,
In cooperation with the American Po-
litical Science Association, the National
Center for Education in Politics has set
up a Internship Coordination office,
headed by Prof. Royce Hanson of Amer-
ican University, in space provided by the
American Political Science Association
here in Washington. The steering com-
mittee has stressed the distinction
between an educational Internship pro-
gram and summer employment for stu-
dents and concentrates on political
internships rather than administrative
positions.
-T-have observed in the past, when com-
menting on any patronage approach
that might be applied to summer posi-
tions In the executive branch, that there
Is little need, if any, for political appoint-
ments for such positions on the grounds
that they have some connection with
policymaking. This is supported by a
comment in the National Center for Edu-
cation in Politics report on summer in-
terns for 1962. No survey of possibili-
ties in executive offices will be made on
the grounds that the likelihood is not
great for developing many genuinely po-
litical internships in administrative
agencies.
Besides the summer intern program,
the National Center provides for 15 to 30
fellows in State and local government.
Open to graduate students In political
science. law, and related social sciences,
this program works with State and local
government officials, political parties and
major interest groups. Two fellows are
also selected from university faculties to
serve as special consultants to the
chairman of the Republican and Demo-
cratic National Committees. In addi-
tion, 6 to 10 faculty members have an
opportunity each year to work on the
staffs of Governors, mayors and other
State and local executives and with po-
litical parties and interest groups.
Summer internshps are financed
through matching fund contributions
from the National Center for Education
in Politics and the participating govern-
mental or political office or official.
Such a program deserves the continued
support of all of us in positions of gov-
ernmental responsibility.
It would be inappropriate for the
National Center for Education in Politics
program to become involved with sum-
mer employment programs. At the
same time, I have no doubt that an in-
formal sharing of experiences and ap-
proaches to the educational interests of
the students here in Washington during
the summer would contribute greatly to
the success of any summer student em-
ployees program such as the one I have
suggested to the American Political Sci-
ence Association. Tb illustrate the dif-
ference in approaches between the Na-
tional Center for Education in Politics
program and that of the White House
last summer, I am including, under
unanimous consent, portions of the Na-
tional Center for Education in Politics
Summer Intern Program Report for
1962.
To Illustrate the concern that reports
of political patronage In the summer
employment program have caused on
college campuses, I will also include, fol-
lowing the National Center for Education
In Politics report, a news article appear-
ing In the Yale Daily News of Febru-
ary 26,1963:
EXCERPTS FROM A REPORT BY THE DIREcToR OF
THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION IN
Potrrics -
Our comments about matching contribu-
tions to political internships lead to a related
and more important consideration; namely,
the necessity to distinguish the internship
from ordinary kinds of temporary employ-
ment of students by the Government. This
problem Is highlighted by the public atten-
tion and partisan overtones of the- meetings
conducted by White House officials in Wash-
ington last summer. The seminars (actu-
ally lectures to large numbers of students)
were described as being conducted for the
political Interns working for administrative
agencies. These so-called interns were in
fact temporary employees, mainly holding
low-level civil service ratings, with summer
jobs In Washington. Very few seem to have
been in contact with political deeislonmak-
tng, or to have arranged their summer ac-
tivities with-a view to complementing and
enriching their study of politics and gov-
ernment. Without these elements, the sum-
mer employment of such students may have
been of value to the employing agencies, fi-
nancially helpful to the students, and even
educational In some ways-but they can
hardly be described as political internships
in the sense in which we regard our own
internships.
We are obliged, then, to distinguish the
internships we sponsor from any kind of
mere summer employment of students in
governmental jobs. We can do this only by
making clear, at every point, and to all con-
cerned, that we regard these internships as
learning experiences, integrally related to the
interns' wider study and understanding of
politics. It is important that our Interns
themselves understand this distinction. It is
equally important that the political officials
with whom they serve appreciate the intern-
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 1963
App S 1 g.2P _C 003838000200220017-.1217
ted children a necessary and integral part
of any program on a national basis having
to do with juvenile delinquency?
Sam Goldsmith, the executive director of
this federation, is now serving as a very use-
ful and hard-working member of a citi-
zen's committee on'the family court which
Is supervsing a study of the'court and Audy
Home which will soon be released. I am
happy that Mr. Goldsmith is on this com-
mittee because he brings to it a wealth of
talent and understanding in the solution of
social problems as I believe no one in this
entire State can ,purpass. I believe this study
will point to the need for adequate shelter
facilities in this county for neglected chil-
dren. I hope that it,' unlike some studies
which have gone before, will not be placed in
a filing cabinet until its existence is'for-
gotten.
We may not yet live . in one world, but
it is certain we live in one land. No metro-
politan area in America is anisland. The
problems of each are those of the Nation.
To solve them we must free ourselves from
the dogma that there is either sanctity or
American tradition in undiluted local activ-
ity. Belief that activity by local govern-
ment' is a safer guarantee of liberty than
participation by your Federal Government is
a delusion. Our National Government and
Its courts have done as much to--uphold
'freedom and civil rights in our land as State
and local government entities, and more
than many of them.
Our welfare needs will be fully and' ade-
quately satisfied only by strengthening the
national program now in existence and by
adopting bold and new programs designed
tQ secure and strengthen all the citizens of
our land.
Does the United States Have
Nuclear Weapons Superiority?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CRAIG HOS_NIER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 6, 1963
Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker,, the No.
1 argument for a nuclear test ban treaty
given by U.S. Arms Control and Disarm-
ament Agency Administrator William
C. Foster, and others on behalf of the
administration, Is this: The United
States has nuclear superiority and un-
less further nuclear testing is prohibited
the United States will gradually lose
that superiority.
This squarely brings into issue the fol-
lowing question: Does the United States
have nuclear weapons superiority?
Careful examination of_ statements by
the President, Mr. Foster, his deputy,
Adrian S. Fisher, and others reveals the
following:
SUPERIORITY
Claims for superiority: First, re_ard-
ing nuclear weapons yield to weight ra-
tios-that Is, more bang per pound of
warhead-and, second, greater variety
and numbers of tactical nuclear, weapons
in stockpile.
FARITY .. ...
In general, parity'between the United
States and the U.S.S.R. seems to be ad-
mitted respecting first, lack of complete
knowledge of weapons effects-that is,
effects of radiation on radar detection,
communications, command and control
systems, "hardened" installations, and
so forth-second, unavailability of really
effective . antimissile warheads, and
third, nondevelopment of pure fusion
weapons-that is, the neutron bomb.
INFERIORITY
No claims are made respecting very
high yield U.S. weapons superiority.
The Soviets are known to have tested a
58-megaton weapon and claim the abil-
ity to scale it up without further testing
to 100 megatons.
The foregoing may be assumed to be
a relatively accurate assessment of the
relative capabilities of the United States
and the,U.S.S.R. if it also is assumed
those making the claims have relatively
accurate information regarding: first,
the Soviet stockpile; second, all Soviet
tests, including small, undetectable yield
underground experiments with tactical
and pure fusion weapons.
In evaluating whether or not the as-
sessment of relative capabilities actually
supports the advantage claimed for a
test ban treaty-that is, that the United
States, will retain its lead longer under
conditions of- nontesting than conditions
of testing-the following should be in
mind:
First. Small yield-to-weight ratios are
important- ? to the American military
which does not possess very large thrust
rocket engines and thus must rely on
lighter warheads for its missiles. This
ratio is less critical to the Soviet military
which does possess very large thrust
rocket engines.
Second. Tactical weapons will be most
useful to the American military in de-
fending , the homelands of its allies
against invasion by an aggressor. Se-
vere limitations on the actual use of tac-
tical nuclear weapons on free world soil
in defense of free world soil will be im-
posed by the necessity to protect friend-
ly populations from the effects of fall-
out. Additionally, defenders must have
In stockpile many such tactical defensive
weapons at a variety of locations which
the aggressor might choose for its thrust.
Since the Soviet military can expect
its role to be that of the aggressive in-
vader of foreign soil at locations of its
own choice, it has little need in its ar-
senal either for variety in or large num-
bers of tactical nuclear weapons. On
the contrary, relatively crude and dirty
weapons might conceivably appear ad-
vantageous to Soviet tacticians.
Third. In relation to facts set forth in
the previous paragraph, it is obvious that
pure fusion tactical weapons capability
would be of markedly greater advantage
to the American military than the So-
viet military.
Fourt)1. In .the role of defender rather
than aggressor, it would seem that
knowledge of weapons effects and truly
effective antimissile warheads would be
of much greater relative advantage to
the American military than to the Soviet
military. On a recent occasion Premier
Khrushohev claimed Soviet scientists had
"solved" the antimissile problem.
Fifth. In light of Defense Secretary
McNamara's recent testimony that con-
siderable hardening of Soviet missile
bases is taking place, the advisability of
'including very high yield warheads in
the U.S. stockpile deserves knowledge-
able consideration.
Sixth. Inasmuch as this argument
for a nuclear test ban treaty does not
contend the United States will succeed
in keeping its "nuclear superiority"-
only that it might do so for a longer time
under conditions of nontesting-it im-
plies that Soviet laboratories would move
faster than our own under a test ban.
Inevitably then Soviet capability would
catch up with us. Then surpass us.
What happens then?
It is desired to emphasize that U.S.
nuclear capabilities as set forth above
are only those collected from various
statements by administration officials
while speaking on test ban questions.
Therefore they do not necessarily-repre-
sent my own opinions or the actual
situation.
Hungarian Liberation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 6, 1963
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I
have received a memorandum from the
Committee for Hungarian Liberation
which I feel speaks for itself and under
leave granted, I insert it in the Appendix
of the RECORD at the conclusion of my
remarks.
I wish to call to the attention of the
Members the continued colonial control
which Moscow exercises over the Hun-
garians, other satellite countries of East-
ern Europe, and millions of people within
the boundaries of the various Soviet So-
cialist Republics, who have been deprived
of their rights of self-determination.
The memorandum follows:
COMMITTEE FOR
HUNGARIAN LIBERATION, INC.,
Cleveland, Ohio, December 31, 1962.
MEMORANDUM
It is with understandable disappointment
that the Hungarian living in the free world
received knowledge of the fact that the
United States of America made the recom-
mendation to revoke the authority vested in
Sir Leslie Munro in the matter of the ques-
tion of Hungary. It becomes even more
difficult to understand this recommendation
when it is considered that Moscow and the
Moscow-run Government of Budapest have
done nothing to satisfy the resolutions passed
by the United Nations in 1956 and later. It
is absolutely certain that it is the Russian
Red army which kept the Kadar puppet
government in power in Hungary. As a re-
suit, human rights and national independ-
ence do not exist as far as the Hungarian
people are concerned. The only change
which has taken place in Hungary is the im-
provement of the Communist propaganda
techniques aimed at the free West and else-
where.
The Hungarian people the world over
clearly see the consequence of the revocation
of the authority of Sir Leslie Munro. There
will be no more discussions in the United
Nations concerning the brutal and coloni-
alistic suppression of the Hungarian people.
It appears to many as the final burial of
the international significance of the Hungar-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX A1197
aellvered by the consul general of Lithu- uanlan people and the nation or territory
ania, the Honorable Petras Dauzvardis, under any obligations to Russia."
at Maria High School .auditorium in Chi- Soviet Russia flagrantly violated all of
cago, Ill., on Sunday, February 17, 1963, these solemn pledges and the sovereign rights
on the occasion of the observance of the of the Lithuanian nation by forcibly seizing,
45th anniversary of Lithuania's .inde- occupying and annexing Lithuania to the
Soviet viet Union-converting nion-converting it t into into a colony of
pendence. the Russian empire-during World War IL
Under unanimous consent, I include The Soviet aggression against Lithuania,
this address into the Appendix of the carried out In conspiracy with Hitler, and the
RECORD as follows: forced incorporation of Lithuania Into the
ADDRESS BY PETRAS DA zVARDIS, CONSUL GEN- territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re-
ERAL OF LITHUANIA, AT OBSERVANCE OF 45TH publics, are the most shameful and perfidious
ANNIVERSARY Os-LITHIIANIA'S INDEPENDENCE, acts ever perpetrated by any nation in the
~Me,ARIA HIGH SCHOOL AIIDrroRIIIM, CHICAGO, mid-20th century.
FEBRUARY 17, 1963 This fact is evidenced by the free world's
E
February is the fourth of Jul-the nonrecognition of the forced incorporation
independence ry 1 th s the fourth July -the Lithuania Into the Soviet Union. The
The concept of Independence day-of Lithuania. is concisely Soviets themselves do not dare to come forth
openly before a world tribunal and request
described in the U.S. Declaration of Inds- recognition of the fruits of their aggression.
pendence, which reads: They continue to use subterfuge and devious
- "When, in the course of human events It
proce t t t
,ssesoryo gain some sort of recogni-
becomes necessary for one people to dissolve tion or at least a trace of justification of their
the political bands wbich have connected seizure of the Baltic States. One such sub-
them with another, and to assume, among terfuge recently appeared in the UNESCO
the powers of the earth, the separate and publication, "Equality of Rights Between
equal station to which the laws of nature Races and Nationalities in the U.S.S.R.," pre-
and nature's God entitle them, a decent re- pared by the Soviet delegation. Among the
spect to the opinions of mankind requires statements in this publication is this one:
that they should declare the causes which "In 1940 the Soviet regime was restored in
impel them to the separation. the Baltic Republics (Lithuania, Latvia, and
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, Estonia) which voluntarily joined the
that all men are created equal; that they are
"
Union
. endowed by their Creator with certain un- The Spectator magazine, published in Lon-
alienable rights; that among these are life, don, branded the statement as, "This is
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That simply a lie,". and substantiated it by in-
to secure these rights, governments are in- contestable facts.
stituted amon
men d
i
i
g
er
v
ng their just
, powers from the consent of the governed;"
The declaration of Lithuania's independ-
ence was drafted and executed in a similar
spirit and philosophy:
"The Council of Lithuania In. its meeting
on February 16, 1918, voted unanimously to
address the Governments of Russia, Ger-
many, and other states with the following
declaration:
"'The Council of Lithuania, sole repre-
-sentative of the Lithuanian people, in con-
tormity with the recognized right to national
self-determination, and in accordance with
the resolution of the Lithuanian Conference
iheld in Vilnius from September 18 to 23,
1917, hereby proclaims the restitution of the
that the Russians Would Work the case up to
such magnitude, and raise such a hue and
cry, that the Western Power, holder of the
smaller states, would be put to shame be-
fore the entire world.
Bearing this in mind, we appeal to the
free nations of the world and entreat them
to bring up the case of the Baltic States be-
fore the tribunal of world opinion. The
salient points of the case should bring out
the forceable seizure of the Baltic States by
Stalin in collusion with Hitler, the subjuga-
tion of these nations in contravention of the
United Nations Declarations and Charter,
and even Khrushchev's proposals that all
subjugated nations be freed and made in-
dependent states. It should demand that
the Soviet troops, administrative personnel
and colonists be withdrawn from these
states, and their people be allowed to choose
their own governments and govern them-
selves according to their own determination.
May the might of freedom speak out and
liberate Lithuania and the other Soviet-
subjugated nations.
Why Aren't fVe Told?
HON. CARLETON J. KING
OF NEW TORN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
==r-.r?=,g - une name Wednesday, March 6, 1963
of the Government to the question put by
Lord Conesford in the House of Lords, said: Mr. KING of New York. Mr. Speaker,
"This particular booklet falls far short of the American people are more and more
the standard of objectivity and meticulous concerned with the manipulation, cen-
regard for the truth. * ^ i This Is a Russian sorship, or complete suppression of the
publication." news which are becoming daily occur-
The U.S. Department of State qualified the rences. This administration is deter-
cited quotation as, "The completely false
statement , ? ^. It is too bad that an inter- mined to feed the American public what
national body such as UNESCO lends its im- it wants them to believe, think, and ac-
print to this kind of thing." cept. A typical example of this news
These facts give additional proof to the suppression was the Kennedy adminis-
importance and significance of the case of tration's attempt to withhold the infor-
the Baltic States. From the legal point of mation that four Americans were killed
view the Baltic States of Lithuania. Latvia
independent countries. The Soviet Union I feel the public should know, offi-
democratic principles, with Vilnius as its holds them under duress by force of arms, cially, and from official sources what is
iapital, and declares the rupture of all ties against nations. the will of their people, and in viola-
wvhich formerly bound this state to other tion of international law and solemn Soviet going on in Cuba. excellent editorial
on this subject appeared recently in the
The Council of Lithuania also declares pledges and declarations. The Soviet Union at Troy Record newspaper, Troy, N.Y., en-
zhat the foundation of the Lithuanian State- tempts, through divers and often devious titled "Why Weren't We Told?" and I
mnd relations with other countries will be means, tp omisin her thel acts, Nations to include the editorial in the Ap-com
e 3naliy normalized by a Seimas (parliament), and and its members, me bes, a even the UNESCO United Natons
elected in a democratic way by the people mbers, as the Upublics- pendix of the RECORD;
re
YvE I OLD Z,
Lithuania's" constituent assembly ratified The free world refuses to jiytify the crime The irritation resulting from the Kennedy
MIS declaration (on May 15, 1920) and pro- and injustice perpetrated by the Soviets, but administration attempts at withholding my
-laimed the fact that the independence of refrains from asking any clearer and firmer formation has increased with the disclosure
.,ithuania is restored and the state is to be denunciation, and a stronger demand for re- that four American pilots were among those
democratic Republic. -dress of the wrongs-the restoration of sov- who died in the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion
Shortly thereafter (on July 12, 1920) a ereign rights and self-government to the of Cuba, April 17, 1961.
reaty of peace was concluded between Lith- people States, of which they Why could the American people not have
ania and Soviet Russia, article I of which forcibly deprived by the Soviet Union. been told of this at the time it occurred?
iovided: This incongruous situation of the Baltic The deaths would have been accepted as part
"Pursuant to the declaration made by States demands the crystallization of their of the risk in an attempt to overthrow the
ze Federated States of the Soviet Socialist case and its placement in the tfhe light of regime of Fidel Castro and the four men
.epublics of Russia to the effect that all facts and of law, so that there would be no would have assumed heroic stature.
eoples have the right to self-determination doubt as to who is right and who is wrong- Instead, it has taken nearly 2 years to learn
ntil they become completely separated from a peaceful positive action is imperative. It the truth. The facts came out through Re-
as state of which they are a part, Russia would be beneficial to the victims of Soviet publican sources in Washington which have
lthout any prejudice recognizes the self- rapacity and to their defenders. It would been sniping at the administration for fail-
ale and independence of the State of Lith- place the Soviet aggressor on the defensive ing to give proper public information on the
a.nia with all the juridical consequences and properly deprive him of the assumed role invasion. Hiding facts made partisan ex-
-suiting from such recognition and for all of defender of the oppressed colonial peoples. ploitation possible. Confidence in official
one renounces with good will all the soV- Occasionally I contemplate, what would statements has been damaged.
-eignty rights of Russia, which it has had the Russians do or say if one of the major The American people have. received bad
regard to the Lithuanian nation or Western countries were to seize and hold news before, far worse than anything that
rritory. some smaller neighboring countries in the happened in Cuba and they have accepted
-The fact that Lithuania ever was under same manner as Russia holds the Baltic it without panic. There is always bound
.lssian sovereignty does not place the Lith- States? Invariably I come to the conclusion to be bad news with the good. It seems that
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