BAY OF PIGS: THE CURTAIN IS LIFTING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220015-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: March 11, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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196d'
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1309
lift our economy onto another plane-a
plane on which it can move forward more
consistently and more rapidly in the future
than it has been able to in the past. This is
the only kind of economy that would give us
more jobs, more sales, more income-and
more construction-not only for next year or
for the next 2 years, but for many years
and perhaps for even decades to come.
For richer or poorer, the performance of
the construction industry-as of all our in-
dustry and all our people-is indissolubly
wedded to the performance of our economy.
And how well our economy performs in the
years ahead depends on how far we today
can look beyond our parochial and conflict-
ing self-interests to the larger self-interest
common to us all that the President's tax
prograt,,is well designed tppjlerve?
ductive investment would be heightened from welfare and relief costs, leaving more
through enlarged demand and through re-
duced corporate tax rates .which will Increase
,aftertax profits. And the production of
new machines and the building of new fac-
-tories, offices, stores, and apartments would
further increase consumer incomes in the
same way as would the expanded production
of consumer goods.
No in ustry as large as the construction
Industry, as vital and as closely linked to
the country's economic well-being, can afford
to ignore these very real implications of
the President's tax ogram. In the four
quarters ending in the last quarter of 1962,
our rate of economic growth was only 2.7
percent-compared with our entirg,postwar
--average of 3.4 percent. If in 1964 we were
merely to return to this postwar average-
:and we fully expect to do better than that-
Alien by the end of that year we could expect
-business construction. expenditures, should
they do no more than retain their. present
;percentage of total output, to rise by roughly
around $2 to $3 billion over the present $21.2
billion. But should a new and more brisk
.,investment atmosphere restore to business
construction the proportion of total output
,it held in the late fifties, then we might
:expect expenditures to rise by more than
twice that amount.
.Certainly in a period of accelerated eco-
nomic ?growth, which the tax program is
designed to foster, industry will not find it
sufficient to concentrate its investment in
new equipment alone. For increased de
..mind for,present products, and the increased
profitability of expanding present capital
investment fof existing goods and processes,
would create a highly favorable atmosphere
-for new products and processes and the new
,plants needed to produce them.
Industry is, of course, not the only or
even the largest market for the construc-
tion industry. But I think it is quite clear
,that in your other markets as well a similar
,process would occur. , In 1962, for example,
.State and local governments financed $11.3
billion, or almost one-fifth, of all construc-
tion activity. Yet many State and local
,government units have found it increasingly
difficult to finance, not only many new and
needed projects, but needed expansions of
,present projects. New schools, new urban
renewal developments, "greater matching
.funds for highways, new roads, and many
-other programs suffer because State and
"local "governments simply -cannot find the
,revenues necessary to support them.
The economic expansion we anticipate as
a result of the P_esident's tax program offers
e genuine opportunity for a health increase
sin State and local-revenues to finance needed
.public construction without raising State
and local tax rates. This must be of more
than passing importance to you in view of
the Increasing recistance to rises in State
and local tax rates and bond issues for con-
struction purposes.
Within a few years, the proposed tax pro-
gram will lift our gross national product
-substantially over what it would otherwise
be. Assuming that this additional growth
would amount to $50 billion,per annum,
.then this would mean an increase of 8 per-
cent, or $3.5 billion, in tax revenues col-
lected by States and local units at present
effective rates. The State of Michigan, for
instance, would realize $2.5 billion as its
proportionate share of the , gross national
product increase. Or should the induced
increase in gross national product reach only
a range of $30 billion, then this would mean
an increase of over 5 percent, or $2 billion,
in State and local tax revenue. Michigan's
proportionate share would be $1.5 billion.
And throughout the country the reduction
in Federal taxes, along with greater pros- us cope more readily with any difficulties in
perity and lower unemployment, would les- the immediate road ahead. It was designed
sen the pressure an local and State budgets for one purpose and one purpose alone- to
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the follow-
ing article from U.S. News & World Re-
port of March 18, 1963, "The Bay of
Pigs: The Curtain Is Lifting," is but an-
other story of the emerging truth of
U.S. backdown.
The most disconcerting part, of course,
is to learn so long after the fact what
part the United States played and to
learn it almost by happenstance rather
than to be forthrightly told by our own
national leaders.
This further story of the Bay of Pigs
disaster adds to our knowledge of what
took place although we have not yet been
told the full story by the President and
those responsible.
Under leave to extend my remarks. I
include the article in the RECORD.
BAY OF PIGS: THE CURTAIN Is LIFTING
That clamp of secrecy on what happened
at the Bay of Pigs in April 1961, just will not
stay put. Information keeps leaking out.
Now it shows: Americans were in far deep-
er than officials admit. And U.S. air power
was ready to go on a moment's notice.
More and more details are breaking
through the curtain of secrecy to show how
deeply Americans were involved in the Bay
of Pigs invasion of Cuba.
For 2 years, the official story in Wash-
ington has been that the attempt to over-
throw Fidel Castro in 1961 was an all-Cuban
affair. But it is clear now thalkmany Amer-
icans took part in it, and that U.S. forces
were poised, ready to join in.
U.S. Navy jets, their identifying insignia
painted out, were lined up on airstrips at K'y
West, Fla., within easy striking distance of
the Bay of Pigs. They never got the signal
to go.
A U.S. aircraft carrier, jets ready on her
flight deck, was on station near Cuba. Other
American jets were in the air almost con-
stantly, patrolling just off the invasion
beaches.
American frogmen scouted the beaches in
advance of the attack, American combat vet-
erans flew B-26 bombers into the battle zone
and piloted planes carrying Cuban para-
troopers who were dropped in advance of
infantrymen.
None of these men were members of the
regular U.S. Armed Forces, although several
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The point, I think, is abundantly clear:
In the expanded economy which the Presi-
dent's tax program is fully capable of gen-
erating, the construction industry cannot
help but thrive. But let me make it equally
clear that the proposed tax program that
can provide this stimulus is a program of
tax reform as well as rate reduction. Nor
should anyone deceive himself into believing
that, without any of the proposed reforms,
the tax program would be as effective as I
have described it, The President himself
has emphasized that of all the reforms the
largest and the most important is rate re-
duction itself. This, however, should not be
interpreted to suggest that the reforms are
merely something added to the program as
an afterthought with no importance in and
of themselves. The reforms, I can assure
you, are an essential part of the overall
program.
Everyone agrees that the tax program
must include, as its most important ele-
ment, substantial tax reduction and rate
reduction. But not everyone realizes that
the proposed reforms are vital-not only in
terms of equity, hardship relief, and eco-
nomic growth-but to the very achievement
of larger rate reductions than would be fis-
cally responsible without them. With the
reforms it is possible to obtain rate cuts
of $13.6 billion, together with additional help
for the poor and aged which bring this flg-
ure well over $14 billion, at an overall cost
of only $8.8 billion. The reforms-including
the gradual transition to a more current tax
payment basis for corporations-will, in
other words, offset more than $5 billion-
well over a third-of the budgetary impact
of the most important part of the program,
the rate reductions and hardship relief. The
.only way, therefore, to achieve the largest
possible rate cuts within the limits of fiscal
.responsibility is to combine them with
base-broadening tax reforms.
I do not mean to suggest that the Con-
gress must accept the reforms in exactly the
size and shape proposed by President Ken-
nedy. As the President himself has noted,
this is a matter for the Congress to decide,
What I do mean is that every measure which
whittles away at those reforms must be com-
pensated for in some fashion. If one takes
,part of that $5 billion offset away, one must
run the risk of a greater budgetary impact
with the consequent fears of inflation that
this may well raise in some quarters. Or
one has another alternative-one can whittle
away at the rates themselves, thus blunting
the overall thrust of the program by weak-
ening its most essential part.
My point is, in short, that the reforms
are an essential and integrated part of the
entire program. Any effort to remove them-
in part or entirely-is bound to have a price
of its own. Those who. oppose the reforms,
whether they do so on grounds of principle
or because those reforms would interfere
with the benefits they would otherwise re-
ceive from the rate reductions, should re-
flect upon the alternatives before they com-
mit themselves irreparably. They would look
beyond what the program means in terms of
dollars and cents tax cuts. They should look
beyond what the program would put in their
pocketbook this year, next year, or 1965. If
there is one thought I would like to leave
with you today it is that you and, indeed,
anyone seriously concerned with the eco-
nomic welfare of this Nation should look
very carefully at the tax program in the light
of that welfare.
This program was not devised as a quick
shot in the arm for a lagging economy. It
was not devised as mere adrenalin to help
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A1310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 11
were Air National Guardsmen. All were vol-
unteers. But after word got out that four
American pilots died in combat at the Bay
of Pigs, President Kennedy said this at his
news conference on March B:
"Let me just say about these four men:
Th"y were serving their country"
HOW J. brim s
These details can now be told.
In the days just before the 1961 invasion.
American frogmen swam to the landing
beaches and carefully charted them for the
infantry assault that was to follow. These
men Were civilians under contract to the in-
vaders. All had been underwater-demolition
experts in the V.8. Armed Forces at one time.
On D-day-April 17-one American frog-
man was with the Cuban underwater teams
that went ashore ahead of the invasion.
This American was in a rubber boat that
was caught, by chance, in the headlights of
one of Castro's jeeps. He was able to escape
and get back to the mother ship, standing
offshore.
At least one American is known to have
piloted a lanehold of Cuban paratroops
from a staging base in Nicaragua to the point
where they were dropped back of the beaches.
8n route to Cuba, they flew low over an
American aircraft carrier so the Cubans
could see the jets positioned on her deck.
On the second day-fipril 18-three Amer-
ican airmen flew over the invasion" beach.
Two, a pilot and copilot, were in a C-54
transport plane that dropped ammunition
to the Invaders. The third was pilot of a
8-26 bomber, trying to support the invading
troops with attacks on Castro's forces.
On at least one occasion, Castro jets bear-
ing down on an Invasion transport veered
off when U.S. Navy fighters came on the
scene, not far offshore.
It was on the last day-April 19 -that four
Americans were killed in two B-28 bombers
over Cuba. Three other Americans did not
reach the target area.
Long before the actual attack, American
volunteers were working with the Cubans at
their , secret training base in Guatemala.
Gradually, the fun scope of their activities
In cooling to light.
V.8. B-25 PILOTS Hffi.D
On March 7, 1983, the Chicago Sun-Times
reported that Air National Guard pilots from
Alabama, Arkansas and Virginia, "were
offered $2,500 a month by the Central In-
telligence Agency to take part in the Cuban
Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961." The news-
paper said pilots from the three States were
"sought out because the Guard units of
those States were the lost to fly the B-28
bombers used In the Invasion. The Word
War U bomber was retired from the State
units in 1958."
The Chicago American Identified Brig. Gen.
George Reid Roster of the Alabama Air Na-
tional Guard as tactical commander of the
anti-Castro force. General boater refused to
confirm or deny the report, but indicated
he would like to tell his story to a con-
gressional committee. He said: "I wish they
would call me and let me put my feet on a
desk and talk for about 8 hours."
It had been reported earlier by U.S. News
& World Report that at least 18 American
airmen went to Guatemala to train Cuban
pilots of the B-26 bomber fleet that the in-
vaders had assembled. These men were re-
cruited for combat duty. Later their orders
were changed, limiting them to the role of
instructors. But when things started to go
wrong at the Bay of Pigs, those who wanted
to were permitted to go on combat missions.
At least 10, maybe more, did so.
There still Is no public report by the Ad-
ministration on how many Americans were
involved in the invasion, or what they did.
But gradually, after 2 years of silence, some
of those. Americans are beginning to tell their
experiences. And as their accounts are
pieced together, the curtain of secrecy is
lifting from the Bay of Pigs.
Secretary Dillon Emphasizes Small Busi-
ness Provisions of President's Tax Bill
HON. JOE L. EVINS
07 TENNSSSIE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, as chairman
of the House Small Business Committee,
I am deeply interested in the effect of the
President's tax proposals on the small
business segment of our economy. Tax
reductions and revisions which are of
benefit to small business are long over-
due.
The Treasury Department has submit-
ted to me as chairman of the House
Small Business Committee a memo-
randum which summarizes the prin-
ciple points in the President's tax pro-
gram, which affect small business. It
appears that the benefits to small busi-
ness under the proposed program will be
extensive.
Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
that Secretary Dillon's letter and the
Treasury Department's memorandum be
reprinted in the Appendix of the RECORD.
The letter and memorandum follow:
THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY,
Washington, March 11, 1963.
Hon. Jos L. EvINS,
Chairman, House Select Committee on Small
Business, House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am enclosing pursu-
ant to your request a memorandum which
summarizes the principal points in the Pres-
ident's tax program which affect small busi-
ness. Since small business plays a part in
virtually every segment of the economy, all
the proposals in the President's program may
have some direct or indirect effect, but I
believe the memorandum covers the major
provisions and provides a good starting point
for those Interested in the impact of the
program on small business.
I understand that John E. Horne, Adminis-
trator, Small Business Administration, will
shortly submit a more detailed analysis of
the proposal as it affects small business to
the Committee on Ways and Means. This
statement, when it is released. may also be of
use to you and the committee.
Sincerely yours,
DOUGLAS DILLON.
The 41A million small business enterprises prises that have equal Income but are or-
in the United States are very important to ganized as a single corporate entity. Chains
the economy. They account for about 95 of multicorporate units are in effect paying
percent of all business organizations, em- small business tax rates, yet benefiting from
ploy about 30 million people, and are re- economies inherent In large businesses. The
sponsible for about 40 percent of total busi- new law would allow only one surtax exemp-
ness volume. tion to multicorporate enterprises, and
President Kennedy's proposed tax pro- thus improve the competitive position of
gram would benefit small business. directly small enterprises.
in a number of ways. The most important OTHER TAX PROPOSALS THAT INFLUENCE SMALL
one Is lower taxes. Under the program small BUSINESS INCLUDE
business enterprises, whether they are cor- Income averaging: If a taxpayer's indi-
porations, partnerships or sole proprietor- vidual income in a given year should rise
ships, will enjoy substantial rate reduction. materially compared with previous years, he
Corporate Income tax rates for companies may find himself In a higher tax bracket.
with a net Income of $26,000 or less will be Under the administration's proposal, a tax-
reduced this year from 30 to 22 percent. In payer in this situation could average his
1963, corporations with taxable incomes of current income with that of the past 4 years
$25,000 or less will get reductions of about and if the current income amounts to more
27 percent. compared with reductions of than 133 percent of the average, he would be
about 10 percent at $50,000 and 4 percent at allowed in effect to treat the excess over 133
$100,000. percent as though it were earned over a
The overall reduction in corporation tax 5-year period. Thus he would be taxed at
rates will be proportionately larger for small a considerably reduced. rate. Incomes of
companies. Reductions In the surtax paid small unincorporated businesses, farmers,
by large corporations will go into effect In ranchers, writers, and artists vary widely
1964 and 1965. But even when all three
steps of the corporate tax cut are in effect,
the tax reduction for small companies
would be greatest. The reduction for com-
panies with profits of $25,000 or less would
amount to about 27 percent; for those earn-
ing $100,000 to $1 million, it would amount
to about 11 percent; and for those earning
more than $1 million annually, it would be
about 10 percent. For the 467,600 corpora-
tions with incomes of $25,000 or less, the
annual tax saving would total about $233
million.
Small business will also benefit directly
from the individual income tax rate cuts,
which will average considerably more than
20 percent. The reductions will be made
over a 3-year period and will scale down the
present range of 20 to 91 percent to a range
of 14 to 65 percent. These rate cuts will
help particularly the millions of individual
proprietors and partners whose main, and
sometimes only, source of income is from a
business.
The tax program will also benefit small
business indirectly in a number of ways. The
reductions in individual tax rates will re-
lease a large volume of additional consumer
purchasing power. More than 90 percent of
the tax reduction will quickly find its way
into consumer buying, boosting retail sales
and, then, in turn, wholesalers' and manu-
facturers' sales. The resulting improvement
in the business climate and confidence should
be an important factor In sustaining an ex-
panding economy.
The corporate and individual tax cuts
would result in higher after-tax profits and
retained earnings. The tax program will
thus help remove one of the most persistent
deterrents to the growth of small business-
a lack of adequate capital. Because of their
inability to obtain conventional long-term
financing for expansion and modernization,
small businesses are forced to rely on clostly
short-term credit, which they must continu-
ally refinance, to supplement their limited
internally generated funds. Tax reduction
would increase the volume of earnings which
can be plowed back Into small businesses to
sustain their healthy growth. Tax cuts
would also attract new investment to small
businesses, since the profitability of suchen-
terprises would increase. At the same time,
increased profit prospects would improve
their borrowing power.
Inequities which now discriminate against
small business will be removed by the tax
program. For example, a small business may
be competing with a wholly-owned subsidiary
of a large corporation; the subsidiary is a
legal entity, hence able to take advantage of
the benefits of the $25,000 surtax exemption.
A company with a number of such wholly-
owned subsidiaries can reduce substantially
its effective tax rate compared with enter-
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_ -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
A1303
years of service, sometimes as many as 40
years or more. Why should accumulations
over so great a number of years be taxed
as if received over a 5-year period, or any
other arbitrary period of time? If the 5-
year period is adopted, it will discourage the
continuance of existing profit-sharing plans
and the establishment of new ones. Invest-
ment of profit-sharing funds in stock of the
employer company will be discouraged with
an adverse effect on the incentive impact
to employees. The council is seriously con-
cerned about the effect the Treasury De-
partment proposals will have on profit
sharing, particularly profit sharing in small
companies.
The administration proposal would result
in an increase in the taxes which most em-
ployees covered by deferred profit-sharing
plans would pay on lump-sum distributions.
An inevitable byproduct of its adoption
would be a trend among employees to take
their distributions over longer periods of
time. This would conflict with what em-
ployees themselves prefer, A recent study
by the council shows that where alternative
forms of distributions were available 70 per-
cent elected to take their benefits in a
lump sum rather than in installments. The
study also showed that 97 percent of the
plans reporting provide for lump-sum dis-
tributions. It is also significant to note
that in most cases profit-sharing plans are
supplemental to fixed pension payments,
such as social security, or those provided
under private pension plans. The purpose
of profit-sharing plans in these instances is
to provide the employee with a capital sum,
in addition to the guaranteed retirement In-
come which he will receive over his retire-
ment years, which he can use for various
personal needs such as entering a business
of his own, educating his children, buying
a home, meeting extraordinary medical ex-
penses, et cetera.
A further byproduct of distributions
made over longer periods of time would be
that the governmental revenues would be
decreased over what they would be when
lump-sum distributions are made. In fact
many distributions which are now taxed
would not be taxed at all if spread over a
long enough period of years.
It has been said that the present method
of taxation of lump-sum distributions from
deferred profit-sharing plans Is a device
which principally benefits highly compen-
sated employees. A recent survey by the
council indicates that out of over 4,000 lump-
sum distributions to retired employees of
223 companies during the period covered, 92
percent were made to persons whose annual
compensation range was $10,000 or less.
TREASURY PROPOSAL IS COMPLEX
The Treasury Department proposal will
inject additional complexity into the tax law.
Each employee receiving a lump-sum distri-
button must go through the following sepa-
rate computations:
First, he must compute the tax on one-
fifth of his lump-sum distribution plus his
income other than salary received from his
employer;
Second, he must compute the tax on his
income other than salary income received
from his employer;
Third, he must subtract the tax deter-
mined under the second step from the tax
determined under the first step;
Fourth, he must multiply the resulting
figure by five to obtain his partial tax at-
tributable to his lump-sum distribution;
Fifth, he must then compute his income
tax on all of his income including his salary
income from his employer but excluding his
lump-sum distribution; and
Sixth, he must determine his final tax by
adding the partial tax on the lump sum de-
termined under the fourth step to the tax
determined under the fifth step.
The Treasury proposes to substitute this
complex system in place of the present com-
paratively simple, well-understood capital
gains method.
In addition to the 6-year averaging device,
the Treasury Department proposes to contin-
ue to tax as capital gains distributions at-
tributable to accumulations now existing un-
der profit-sharing plans. The 5-year averag-
ing device for part of the distribution and
capital gains treatment for the remainder of
the distribution inject complexities into the
tax law which will make it (a) difficult for
the Internal Revenue Service to administer;
(b) difficult for trustees to administer; and
(c) most important of all, difficult for tax-
paying employees to understand.
Secretary Dillon indicated that this change
in the Income tzx law is not designed to pro-
duce additional revenues when he stated in
the technical explanation that: "For the
average employee, the tax on his lump-sum
distribution will be roughly the same as he
would pay under the present capital gains
rates" Moreover, the Treasury Department
estimates that the lump-sum amendment to-
gether with ot'ier capital gains definitional
changes will bring in only $8 million addi-
tional revenue. The President has stated
that tax reform should be directed to en-
couraging growth and employment, and that
it would be unwise "to launch into a full-
scale battle on general reform for academic
reasons." It is respectfully submitted that
in an age of $100 billion Federal budgets,
with a Federal debt in excess of $300 billion,
a proposal which involves less than $8 million
of revenue and which is so complex, must
be characterized as "academic.'
UNREALIZED APPRECIATION ON EMPLOYER
STOCK
Now, a word about lump-sum distribu-
tions which include stock of the employer
corporation. Frequently such stock ap-
preciates in value between the time when it
was acquired by the profit-sharing trust and
the time when it is distributed to the em-
ployee. Under present law the employee does
not have to pay tax on this unrealized ap-
preciation of the employer company stock
until the employee sells or otherwise dis-
poses of this stock. If the employee had
invested his money directly In such securi-
ties, the gain would not be taxed to him un-
til he actually disposed of the securities, and
at that time the appreciation would be taxed
as capital gain. Under the Treasury Depart-
ment's proposal, the appreciation on stock
purchased with both employer and employee
contributions would be taxed as ordinary in-
come. Moreover, the gain would be taxed
before the time that the employee actually
receives his gain by selling the stock. The
result Is that employees will not contribute
to profit-sharing plans which distribute se-
curities of the employer, and the incentive
element of such plans will be killed. In ad-
dition, the proposal will curb the desirable
trend toward wider diffusion of Ownership
of American industry, which has been en-
couraged by plans which distribute securi-
ties of the employer. For these reasons the
council strongly opposes any change in the
present law on the taxation of lump-sum
distributions which include stock of the em-
ployer corporation.
THE DEATH BENEFIT EXCLUSION UNDER
SECTION 101(b)
The Secretary of the Treasury has also
recommended that the present $5,000 exclu-
sion available to the beneficiary of a de-
ceased profit-sharing participant, under sec-
tion 101(b) of the Code, be eliminated to
the extent that the deceased employee was
covered by group life insurance carried by
his employer. Most certainly this proposal
will be detrimental to the widows and or-
phaned children of deceased employees who
were covered under profit-sharing plans.
The council is opposed to any such pro-
posal which will run contrary to the welfare
of these beneficiaries. The present exclu-
sion under the existing law is limited to
$5,000 and certainly cannot be considered
a provision to benefit highly paid employees.
The council strongly urges the committee
to reject this proposal because it will further
diminish the value of profit sharing as an
economic incentive which is so important
today.
CONCLUSION
The Council of Profit Sharing Industries
appreciates very much the opportunity of
presenting our views to you this morning.
Profit sharing is an effective means of de-
veloping cooperation and efficiency; it helps
create harmonious labor-management re-
lations; it helps create a sense of partner-
ship between employer and employee; and
it benefits employers, employees, stockhold-
ers and the Government. The number of
qualified profit-sharing plans has increased
since 1930 from a few plans to more than
33,000 plans today. This growth in profit-
sharing plans has been materially aided by
the wise tax policies adopted by Congress.
We fear that the complex and inequitable
proposals of the Treasury Department will
have an adverse effect on the entire profit-
sharing movement. We therefore urge that
this committee recommend against any
change in the present rules for taxing lump-
sum distributions from deferred profit-
sharing plans,
Ernest S. Griffith Says American Om-
budsman Could Serve a Most Useful
Function
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 4, 1963
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, as former
Chief of the Legislative Reference Serv-
ice, Dr. Ernest S. Griffith has a familiar-
ity with the problems and operations of
Congress that is well known to Members
of this House. Dr. Griffith, now dean of
the School of International Service at
the American University, has made a
valuable contribution to the considera-
tion of the possible adaptation of the
Scandinavian office of Ombudsman to
the American political system. I there-
fore call particular attention to his
views on the subject. I would refer also
to my remarks on the Ombudsman in
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of February
11, 1963, pages 2078 through 2084.
Dr. Griffith's views follow:
DEAR CONGRESSMAN REuSS: Just a note by
way of response to your letter of February
27, concerning the office of Ombudsman.
If such an officer were at the disposal of
Congress, and confined his activities to serv-
ing such congressmen who cared to use him,
I believe that he might fulfill a most useful
function. While I was in the Legislative
Reference Service I was impressed by the
way in which we of the Legislative Reference
were able to assist in providing information
requested by constituents. However, even
so, often we were aware that there were
functions in connection with specific in-
quiries concerning decisions in the executive
branch which it was unsuitable for us to
handle. Someone with more power and with
the specific function of watchdog would be
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CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
reaulred. As .matters Stand.. this function, In
,ply instapCes, is performed by the individ-
ual ,3 embers, but with very considerable un-
eVpfiiikee=the variables being the Member's
imae,' importunity, his specific function
within the Congress Itself, etc.
As a specialist dealing with this type of
inquiry, In all probability It would be wel-
comed by the agencies themselves, and they
would learn to respect his sincerity and un-
derstanding, as well as the power of inquiry
which would lay back of it. I believe to
extend his. role beyond this would create
unnecessary complications for the executive
agencies which have problems enough, in
any event.
Sincerely,
88NffiT S. GaIFFITA,
'Dean, School of International Service.
,Where Reds May Take Over Next in
HON. BRUCE ALGER
o? TXZAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, so long as
the Monroe Doctrine is not reimposed
in this hemisphere; so long as commu-
Ilisin, Castro and Khrushchev control
Cuba; so long Is the danger of subver-
sion to the other Latin and South Amer-
ican countries of this hemisphere. The
danger is no less real to the United States
but is not so immediate as it is to the
others Qf.Latin and South America.
Where next will the Communists strike
and through subversion as well as overt
terror and violence cause Government
to fall, to be replaced by a Communist
regime?
The attached article from the March
18. 1963, issue of U.B. News & World Re-
port, entitled "Where Reds May Take
Over Next in Latin America" indicates
that Guatemala may be next. Others
have pre+ilicted Haiti. No one knows, of
Course, for sure which will be next. One
thing, however, we know for sure that
until and unless the Monroe Doctrine
is reimposed someone will be next, to be
followed by others.
When will our national leaders realize
,
,
only as a military base but as a center
for fomentation, unrest and revolution,
in other countries of this hemisphere.
It us hope they wake up in time.
WHO REDS MAY TAKE Ovaa NEXT IH LATIN
RMEMCA
Worry over the Communists In Cuba Is
likely to preoccupy the Central American
Presidents and U.S. President Kennedy at
their March meeting in Costa Rica.
But a
king-sized headache for the United
States Is building up here in the largest and
{ most populous Country
It is th g try of Central America.
The way things are going, Guatemala
could become "the next Cuba," giving the
Communists a base on the mainland of the
Americas.
Or, to prevent that happening, there may
be a military takeover.
A PRESIDENTIAL CAMPATON
A political campaign in now underway to
pick a successor to President Miguel Ydigoras
Fuentes In a national election next Novem-
ber. The front runner by far. at this stage,
is a former President-Juan Joad Ardvalo-
who once opened the door to communism in
Guatemala and went Into exile when the
Communists were later overthrown.
With elections little more than half a year
away, the Communists and their followers
are recognized as the best organized political
force in Guatemala. The active anti-Com-
munists are disorganized and divided. And
the rest of the voting population seems
pretty much disinterested in what happens.
Ardvalo, whether he disavows it or not,
has the quiet but determined support of
Communists and fellow travelers. The
Guatemalan Communist Party, which has
had experience in running this country once,
is rated as seasoned, tough and thoroughly
disciplined.
WHERE REDS, ARE STRONG
Hard-core membership in the party is esti-
mated at 1,500. But party influence actually
is far greater than that number indicates,
since the Communists are particularly strong
among students, young professional people,
teachers, and In several key unions.
There is also evidence that the social secu-
rity system and the lower courts have been
heavily infiltrated by Reds.
A lull In Communist activities has been
noticeable lately. The common belief is that
the Reds are staying in the background,
planning to make their move only after the
elections.
With non-Communist factions divided or
apathetic, political experts say the only ele-
ment that remains capable of stopping the
Ardvalo bandwagon is the nation's armed
forces. Defense Minister Enrique Peralta re-
cently announced that Ardvalo will not be
permitted to take office again. The clear
implication is that the military will inter-
vene and take over the country, if necessary.
IF ARMY SHOULD ACT
But Guatemalans are beginning to doubt
that the army, whose participation would
be vital, has the capacity to move. After an
air force uprising was put down last Novem-
ber, the armed forces united in a pledge of
military respect for constitutional govern-
ment. Now a move to block the election
would he interpreted by some officers as a
violation of constitutionality. The result
might bring a split, with the danger of a
military civil war.
It Is former President Ardvalo's history
and background that give the major concern
to those who fear a Communist takeover
here.
Most Guatemalans do not consider Ardvalo
a Communist. He is regarded as an ambi-
tious opportunist, with an Irrational hatred
of the United States. It was Ardvalo, at the
close of his earlier term, who arranged for
Jacobo Arbenz to get the Presidency In 1951-
a move that turned the country over to rule
by Communists.
ILZ-FOR HEALTH
When the pro-Communist Arbenz govern-
ment was overthrown by a revolt in 1954,
Ardvalo was out of the country, serving
abroad as an ambassador. He decided it
would be healthier to go into exile. He
opened his present campaign while living
in refuge In Mexico.
In recent months, the former President
has been hard at work trying to spread the
Idea that his anti-Americanism is past his-
tory and that his present candidacy has the
backing of the U.B. Government. His sup-
porters have made that claim so often and so
Insistently, in fact, that the U.S. Embassy
has been kept busy denying it.
Despite his current protestations of U.B.
March 11
friendship, many Guatemalans feel that
Ardvalo, once elected, would have no choice
but to open the way for the Communists
once again. They reason it this way: Busi-
nessmen, the church, and a good part of the
armed forces, will never support Ardvalo. To
govern, therefore, he will have to court the
continued support of the Communists who
are now disguising themselves as "reform-
ers."
Also, Ardvalo'a opponents point out, Fidel
Castro took power In Cuba disclaiming Com-
munist sympathies-then promptly turned
the place over to them.
Complicating the political outlook here is
the experience, so far, with the Alliance for
Progress program.
Guatemalan officials, from President
Ydigoras Fuentes on down, consider that the
Alliance for Progress is too slow and too de-
manding in Its emphasis on reforms to be
of much help to the local economy. They
have adopted a land-reform law and the
first income tax in the country's history In
the hope of starting Alliance money Sowing.
But they insist that both changes are going
to hurt Guatemala's economy in the long run.
WHY LOANS LAG
Since March of 1961-the date the Alliance
for Progress Is considered to have gone into
effect-Guatemala has received less than $10
million in new loans. This, combined with
$26 million which was still in the pipeline of
past aid programs when the Alliance for
Progress started, gives the country a total of
$38 million in loans that have not yet been
drawn down.
According to U.S. officials, the reason
Guatemala doesn't get loans faster is that
It doesn't take the action necessary to set
the loans in motion. They tell stories of
loans that were not drawn against for
months because officials didn't get around
to openings bids. In other Instances, the
Government has failed to prepare projects
that would justify loans for technical assist-
ance.
Alliance loans for water and sewerage proj-
ects and for low-income housing remained
unused, say U.B. officials, because Guatemala
was supposed to put up one-third of the
amount, and claimed she didn't have the
money to do so.
A WESTERN SISEUP
One Western official stationed here says
that the whole trouble is that the Govern-
ment "doesn't have the slightest idea of
what the Alliance is all about." His explana-
tion :
"What is wrong is that you are dealing
with a society here that has a concept of
mankind opposed to that of Western civiliza-
tion. In Guatemala, the educated, the peo-
ple of means and their children, are inter-
ested only in amassing as much as they can
for themselves and their families. They
have no sense of obligation to the rest of
society."
Says another official: "You would think
that after Cuba, in self-interest, these peo-
ple would change to relieve some of the eco-
nomic pressure on the rest of population.
However, they are as uncompromising as
ever."
There are plenty of problems here, regard-
less of who is to blame.
Operating expenses of the Government go
up and up. 'Until last June, the United
States donated $10 million a year to support
Guatemala's budget. This has since been,
cut off, and the Government-with a budget
of $105 million-now has running debts with
Its supplers of between $15 and $18 million.
Next to Venezuela, Guatemala has the
highest cost of living in Latin America.
Critics say this is because the Government
imposed high protective tariffs to raise in-
come and stimulate local production.. As, a
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the terrible dallger that communism
poses in this hemisphere
in Cuba
not
 1963
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
trayal` of the Polish nation at Yalta, the
Katyn massacre, the Budapest slaughter and
the ever increasing menace at our own door-
step.
In this grave hour, we must be more than
mindful that godless Communism, which is
boldy encircling us, operates by means of
deceit and tyranny, by treachery and murder.
As a citizen of this great country of ours,
and as your constituent I would be remiss
in my duty if I would not bring my view-
points, which I am sure are shared with
many constituents of yours, to your good
attention,
With best wishes, I am
Sincerely yours,
. K. STEFAN POMIERSIeI,
result, everything from food to manufac-
tured-goods is expensive.
An imported automobile tire that cost
$25 before present import taxes were
imposed now sells for $50. A man's shirt
that used to sell for $3.25 now costs $7. A
chicken costs $3.50, in a country where the
per capita income Is estimated at about $175
a year.
The escape valve for Guatemalans is the
fact that most of them live close to the land,
out of the money econorhy. Conditions,
nevertheless, are bad. There is widespread
unemployment, and an even larger problem
of underemployment.
After student riots last year, a flight of
capital developed. There is a lack of new
investment. U.S. private investment is esti-
mated at $125 million. But neither foreign-
ers nor Guatemalan investors seem willing
to put new money into the economy. This
has been accentuated by uncertainty over the
election.
HEADING FOR TROUBLE?
Outwardly, there is an impression of rela-
tive calm in Guatamala City. Yet, when you
listen more closely, you hear worried people
everywhere saying that their country needs
peace, but it is heading toward chaos and
conflict.
For the rest of Central America, and for
the United States, the worry is that out of
conflict and chaos will emerge one of two
things: another military dictatorship, or
another Cuba.
Katyn Forest Massacre
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YoRIC
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. _Speaker, Mr.
Stefan Pomiersli, a constituent of mine
who truly understands the nature of the
Communist beast has written me of the
Katyn Forest massacre of thousands of
Polish officers, by the Russian Commu-
nists, 23 years ago, and I feel his letter
should be placed in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD for all to read:
Hon. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR STEVE: As we are approaching an-
other Spring, in many communities wher-
ever Americans of Polish extraction, will be
gathering, they will pause in a few moments
of silence to pray for the souls of some ten
thousand Polish officers massacred in the
Katyn Forest near Smolensk, Russia in the
gruesome days of the Spring of 1940.
Material gathered by the Polish Govern-
ment-in-exile (at present in London) and
by a congressional committee investigating
the facts, evidence and circumstances of the
Katyn Forest Massacre, without doubt es-
tablish the identity of the perpetrators of
the cruel mass murder as the evil and godless
forces of the Red Kremlin.
It is said that this material is sufficiently
convincing to present all the facts to the
General Assembly of the United Nations re-
questing an indictment of the guilty parties.
On this 23d anniversary of the Katyn Mas-
sacre, the voices of the souls of these mur-
dered Polish officers go out to this great
country of ours, which has always stood in
the defense of justice and honor, in the hope
that neither fear nor timidity will induce
the leaders of the free world to be silent,
when fortitude and firmness and courage in
a just cause be tested, be it the rape and be-
Florida Port Calls for Closing All Trade
With Countries Aiding Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. PAUL G. ROGERS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 11, 1963
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr.
Speaker, support continues to grow for
strong action by the United States
against those countries which permit
their ships to supply Communist Cuba.
Rer ently the governing body of Port
Everglades, one of the largest and busiest
ports in the Southeast, went on record
supporting the closing of all U.S. ports
to the ships engaged in Cuban trade.
I ask that this resolution be printed
at this point in the RECORD, and want to
personally thank the Broward County
Port Authority for their support, which
is an indication of the personal sacri-
fices that our public officials and citizens
are willing to make to eliminate this
Cuban threat to the security of all the
Americas.
The resolution follows:
RESOLUTION 12-1963
Resolution of the Port Commission of the
Broward County Port Authority expressing
its endorsement and urging the adoption
of a_policy by the United States of America
closing all American ports to vessels en-
gaged in commerce or trade with the Re-
public of Cuba.
Whereas in view of the current Cuban
crisis there is a growing sentiment among
the citizens and residents of the United
States of America that all American ports
should be closed to commerce and trade deal-
ing with the Republic of Cuba; and
Whereas this sentiment has been exempli-
fied as representative of the citizens and
residents of the State of Florida by expres-
sions of the Honorable PAUL G. ROGERS, Rep-
resentative from the Sixth Congressional
District of the State of Florida, on the floor
of the House of Representatives of the U.S.
Congress; and
Whereas the Port Commission of the
Broward County Port Authority is charged
with the responsibility of the operation of
Port Everglades in Broward County, Fla.,
which said port is a deepwater harbor which
accommodates vessels which have dealt in
commerce and trade with the Republic of
Cuba, and is therefore cognizant of and
vitally interested in the significance of such
continued commerce and trade: Now, there-
fore, be it
Resolved by the Port Commission of the
I 1305
Broward County Port Authority, That it goes
on record as being in favor of the United
States of America adopting a policy which
will close all American ports to vessels di-
rectly or indirectly engaged in commerce
with the Republic of Cuba; be It further
Resolved, That copies of this resolution be
forthwith forwarded to the Honorable John
F. Kennedy, President of the United States
of America, the Honorable Spessard L. Hol-
land and the Honorable George A Smathers,
Senators, and the Honorable Paul G. Rogers,
Representative, and to such other persons in
positions of public confidence and trust as
shall be appropriate.
Adopted at Port Everglades, Fla., this 19th
day of February, A.D. 1963.
KERMIT E. WHITSON,
Chairman, Broward County Port Authority.
Attest:
OLIVIA M. WOODS,
Deputy Port Secretary.
Communist Racism
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker,
much has been written about what pur-
ports to be a new look in the Soviet
Union. Chairman Khrushchev has with
great ceremony turned his back on what
he describes as the errors of the Stalinist
era and has broadcast to the world much
about the new freedoms he alleges in-
dividuals now enjoy in the U.S.S.R.
However, while the Soviets have un-
deniably made some progress in mate-
rial things since the collapse of czardom
in 1918, there is serious question as to
whether comparable strides have been
made in human freedoms. Asa recent
editorial in the Jersey Journal points
out:
Having done so well in material things,
the next great stride forward must be in the
matter of human freedom. Today's Russians
have rejected some of the unnatural re-
strictions on normal human thinking which
were attempted in the early days of their
revolution. To complete freeing the indi-
vidual, they must now cease their relentless
campaign against religion.
This is a challenge which the Soviets
cannot answer with another propaganda
bombast; the reply must be found in
true freedom of conscience and enjoy-
ment of human rights within the bor-
ders of the U.S.S.R. Present-day So-
viet anti-Semitism is a stern warning to
the believer of all faiths as to what they
might expect from Communist dictator-
ship. Soviet actions permit no other
interpretations. The world-and es-
pecially the new nations of Asia and
Africa-will pass stern judgment on So-
viet racism as the sordid facts are
brought to light.
The December 7 editorial of the
Jersey Journal follows:
CABLE TO KHRUSHCHEV
Life within the Soviet Union and rela-
tionships between that country and its
neighbors in the world would be far better
if Nikita Khrushchev would take the advice
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A!
6?^.
Administration, U.S..? Department of Com-
merce, reported today. However, at least an
.additional billion board feet is expected to
be produced through salvage of windthrown
timber resulting from the severe west coast
storm In October.1962. This excess produc-
tion would be added to Inventory and would
Production (million board feet)___________________
Value of shipments (thousand dollars)9__________-
Q.uantity of imports (million board feet)____
Value of imports (thousand dollars)______________
Quantity of exports (million board feet)----------
alue of exports (thousand dollars)______________
tend to depress softwood lumber prices.
Lumber impor's will probably total about 5.3
billion board feet in 1963, a rise of 8.5 per-
cent.
Statistical summary
Statistics for 1961 and 1962 and estimates
for 19.63 are as follows:
31, 843
82,886
2 34, 330
+3.3
+4.4
2,691,000
12,700, 000
2,800,000
+4.2
+3.7
4, 248
4,884
6,300
+15.0
+8.5
312,616
368,902
400,000
+18.0
+8.4
755
702
830
+4.9
+4.8
87,163
91,5%
96,000
+5.1
+4.8
I Estimated.
8 An additional billion board feet may result from salvage of windthrown. timber.
8 Sawmill and planing mill products (not related to production figures).
Source: Bureau of the Census,
OUTLOOK FOR 1963
. The lumber industry (standard industrial
classification code 2421) comprises approxi-
rnately 32,000 establishments employing
about 240,000 people.
Lumber consumption is expected to total
88.8 billion board feet in 1963, about 5 per-
cent more than in 1962. Prospects for the
principal lumber-consuming industries are
generally favorable. In the construction in-
dustry, total construction lumber require-
ments in 1963 are expected to equal or exceed
those in. 1962.
.Expenditures for private and public con-
struction are, expected to be 3.3 percent
greater than in 1962. Construction of new
housing, largest single user of new lumber,
is expected to Increase slightly in 1963. Con-
struction of multifamily housing (two or
more units), which has increased sharply in
recent years, is expected to level off at
slightly more than the 32 percent of total
housing construction reached In 1962. Total
consumption of lumber in residential con-
struction has been held down in recent years
because these multifamily units require less
lumber than single-family structures. Ex-
penditures for residential alterations and
repairs and for nonresidential construction
(industrial, commercial, religious, educa-
tional, etc.) are also expected to rise slightly
in 1963.
The pallet industry, one of the fastest
growing lumber-consuming industries, used
an estimated 1.7 billion board feet of lumber
in 1962, which was 5 percent of total do-
mestic production. Pallet production totaled
68 million units in 1962, compared with 64
million In 1961. Production has increased
steadily in the last 4 years-the 1962 in-
crease amounting to the largest on record.
Production in 1963 is expected to gain
modestly.
Shipments of nailed and wirebound boxes
and crates will probably increase about 5
:percent in 1963. Shipments of nailed wood-
en boxes and crates were about 7 percent
thigher in 1962 than in 1961, and those of
wirebound boxes and crates were 3 to 4 per-
cent higher.
Total shipments of household furniture
may be about 4 percent greater in 1963 than
;he record high attained in 1962. Value of
shipments of unupholstered wood furniture
-case goods) totaled $1.6 billion in 1962,
compared with $1.4 billion in 1961. Value of
hipments of upholstered furniture was $900
pillion in 1962, a record annual increase over
he $802 million reported for 1961. Value
f shipments of wood office furniture may in-
rease about 2 percent over the total 111
862 of.$89 million.
About 33 percent more railroad freight cars
are expected to be constructed in 1963. The
railroads also expect to upgrade a larger
number of older cars, thus tending to in-
crease the consumption of lumber. In 1962,
36,555 new freight cars of all kinds were
built, 12.5 percent more than the 31,720
cars built in 1961. The construction of cars
using wood, accounting for about one-third
of the total, increased at approximately the
same rate. . Procurement of railroad ties is
expected to increase 5 percent over the quan-
tity purchased in 1962, when the increase
was 20 to 25 percent over purchases in 1961.
In addition to demand from wood-using
Industries, lumber production in 1963 will
also be strongly affected by the level of im-
ports (especially. of softwood lumber) and
the salvage of west coast timber blown down
by the severe storm in October 1062.
Total imports have risen from 1.3 billion
board feet in 1947 (3.7 percent of apparent
domestic consumption) to 4.9 billion board
feet in 1962 (13.2 percent of consumption).
Imports of softwood, accounting for 94 per-
cent of total imports in 1962, have Increased
rapidly in recent years, as follows:
1947---------- -----------
1960---------------------
1961-----------------------
1962 --- ------------------
1963 (estimate)------------
1,096
3,636
4,004
4,573
5.100
Percent of
total soft-
wood con-
sumption
4.1
12.5
13.7
15.0
15.5
Source: Bureau of the Census; estimate for 1963, For.
est Products Division, BDSA,
On the basis of recent trends, total lumber
imports in 1963 should be about 5.3 billion
board feet.
A severe storm on the west coast in Octo-
ber 1962 blew down 11.2 billion board feet of
timber. To prevent an epidemic infestation
of bark beetles and consequent additional
loss of green timber, this timber must be re-
moved rapidly. The salvaged timber is ex-
pected to boost production of logs (including
sawlogs, plupwood logs, veneer logs, etc.)
from 1 to 2 billion board feet above the level
which might otherwise be expected.
Growing demand for lumber in industrial-
ized countries and export promotion pro-
grams of both Government and industry may
increase exports to 830 million board feet in
1963, a 5-percent gain over 1962.
At the estimated levels of consumption,
imports, and exports, lumber production of
about 34.3 billion board feet will be required
to meet domestic demand in 1963, Salvage
of windthrown timber would raise total pro-
duction by at least 1 billion board feet, which
would be added to inventory.
The average wholesale price index for all
lumber was 96.5 in 1962 (1957-59=100),
compared with 94.7 in 1961 and 99.8 in 1960.
The index for softwood in these years was
95,9, 93.,5, and 98.6, respectively. Excess pro-
' duction resulting from salvage of blown-
,down timber would tend to depress softwood
prices in 1963. It is estimated that each 300
million board feet produced in excess of de-
mand would reduce the price $1 per thou-
sand board feet.
REvoLUTION
To the Honorable Senate and House of
Representatives c8 ' the United States in
Congress assembled: We, the members of the
Ferry County Timbermen's Association, do
respectfully represent that:
Whereas lumber imports from Canada are
increasingly yearly at an alarming rate and
now constitute about one-sixth of the an-
nual consumption of lumber in the United
States; and
Whereas there is a need to increase the
cut from overmature forests to prevent ex-
cessive loss from decay, disease, and other
causes; and
Whereas a serious blowdown of timber
occurred in Washington, Oregon, and Cali-
fornia in October of 1962 and salvage of said
blowdown timber will place a further burden
an the orderly marketing of lumber from
other domestic areas; and
Whereas there is no shortage of timber for
the production of lumber and related items
in the United States; and
Whereas U.S. lumber manufacturing firms
pay the highest wages and provide working
conditions equal to or better than similar
firms In other countries; and
Whereas lumber manufacturing firms in
the United States are losing their home
markets to foreign firms, especially Canada,
due to advantages such as: (1) depreciated
currency; (2) low stumpage rates; (3) non-
competitive bidding; (4) less costly and re-
strictive forest practices; (5) lower wage
rates; (6) high tariff rates on lumber shipped
to Canada; (7) low charter rates for coast-
wise and intereoastal shipping; (8) a co-
operative Government; and
Whereas unemployment in the lumber in-
dustry of the United States is increasing with
resultant loss of wages to the workers, loss
of taxes and Income to taxing bodies and
communities: Now, therefore, be It
Resolved, That the Congress and President
of the United States of America, be respect-
fully petitioned to give immediate attention
to and request action necessary to place the
lumber industry of the United States on an
equitable and competitive basis with foreign
manufacturers through the use of a quota
system or other means, including the re-
quirements that imported lumber be marked
to show the country of origin, to the end
that domestic manufacturers are not placed
at a disadvantage with resultant loss of
markets, reduction of employment, loss of
taxes and deterioration of communities; and
be it further
Resolved, That this resolution be sent to
the President and Vice President of the
United States, the Speaker of the House of
.Representatives of the Congress, and to the
Senators and Representatives representing
this State in the Congress of the United
States.
Passed the 17th day of January 1963, at
regular meeting of Ferry County Timber-
men's Association.
Attest:
FRED C. LEJAUR,
President,
IRA MERRITT,
Secretary,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
heard that Federal expense has been out- even on a terrible day such as that one-
running population growth for years now. with admiration.
DpWoerats and Republicans in Congress The U.S. Congress is probably the best be-
alike, are alarmed at the size of the budget, haved parliament in the world. The rau-
and the $11 billion deficit forecast-partic- cous and raffish cries of "murder,"' Treason
ularly as last year's forecast of a half bil- and shame, that characterize that lively de-
lion surplus became a realized $8 billion bates in Westminster are almost never heard
deficit. in the Capitol. There is none of the tur-
The budget can be, should be, and mupt bulence of the Chambre de Deputes in Paris,
be out, or the House of the People in New Delhi or
HON. ; J,Q
L._- EYINq .. _,
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, the Con-
gress is often criticized and regrettably
is rarely commended. Congress, as an
institution, is often made the national
whipping boy and all too infrequently
commended.
It is refreshing, therefore, to read a
,recent article by Columnist Jenkins
Lloyd Jones, which appeared in the
Washington Evening Star commending
Congress, I believe this article is worthy
of wider reading, and I ask unanimous
consent that this article be reprinted in
the. Appendix of. the RECORD. The article
follows;
CONGRESS ADMraED FOR BEHAVIOR-
AB-SENCE. OF TVag,ULENCE ON FLOOR CRED-
ITED, WITH, HELP;NG... S.UCCESS
It was one of those awful days in the U.S.
Senate when a handful of senators were just
standing around beating their gums to
empty desks and the puzzled galleries.
The upper House was in a state of paraly-
Bis because . the _ liberals had introduced a
move to kill filibusters by a three-fifths vote
instead of the traditional two-thirds vote,
and with.the.rules up in the air the Senate
Couldn't organize and the committees
couldn't be appointed and so, a month after
the beginning of th' session, nothing was
going on.
Vice President JOHNSON was up on the
high chair. A couple of freshmen, TED
KENNmrr of the well-known family and
HOWARD EDmONDsox, of Oklahoma, sat
around still, presumably, entranced by the
newness of it all. Senator ROBERTSON of Vir-
ginia was conducting a filibuster on the
filibuster,, and every once in a while he
would refer to the Senate's being like
Caesar's wife and again to its being in Abra-
ham's bosom.
Occasionally, Senator RUSSELL, of Georgia,
would ask permission to make a brief com-
ment that wasn't brief and once Senator
LAUSCHE of Ohio asked to interrupt so that
he might call attention to the wonderful
Ukranians who were being ground down be-
neath the Kremlin's heel, whereupon Sen-
ator SCOTT of Pennsylvania, mindful of his
own Ukranians in Pittsburgh, fell all over
himself seconding Senator LAUscHE's senti-
ments.
I was killing an hour in the practically
empty Press .Gallery and I kept my eye on
a couple of young men across the way in
the visitors' seats. One had a beard and
they were enjoying themselves hugely and
about to die with suppressed merriment at
the grotesque performance on the floor.
You could just hear them at their next cock-
tail party laughing Congress to death.
But here's one uncynical newspaperman.
Strangely, I come away from either House-
the Israel Knesset. Not since Preston
Brooks of South Carolina nearly brained
Charles Sumner of Massachusetts 111 years
ago has the Senate floor seen a serious fight.
The Congress shows its sophistication by
.doing practically all its significant work in
zcommittee, or at least away from the floor.
The floor is largely window dressing-
speeches to the Gallery and remarks for the
record-and, of course, formal voting. Votes
may be changed by quiet persuasion or adroit
pressure in the corridors, but rarely by fre-
netic debate in full assembly.
In the new republics all eyes are on the
rough-and-tumble Congresses. There is the
place of passion and oratory and recrimina-
tion and contention. And here are spawned
the dictators.
For popular government can't survive dis-
order and chaos. The confusion of mob gov-
ernment in the Agora in Athens brought
forth Pericles. The corruption in the Ro-
man Senate made Caesar inevitable. The ir-
responsibility of the French deputies finally
drove the nation into the arms of General de
Gaulle.
A republic is a fragile thing. The price
of its survival is a reasonable efficiency. Yet
popular government is inherently inefficient.
It.. is full of lost motion, confusion and in-
decision. It moves forward under the weak
force of persuasion instead of the strong
force of personal power.
The U.S, Congress has been a success.
Over 180 years, in spite of a host of mounte-
banks and incompetents and a few genuine
rascals, it has listened more often than not
to the voice of reason. It has, surprisingly
perhaps, usually recognized real leadership
and devoted patriotism. Its Members-most
of them-work desperately hard.
It may, of course, decay. Perhaps its
golden age has already passed. Congress is
a reflection of the people and the greed of
the people has-this year brought financial
irresponsibility to a new high. If we ever
have a crashing dollar and a national paraly-
sis we may well lose the right to elect our
representatives,
But, even if, that happens, history will
remember the U.S. Congress. For it's
time it reached a high point in the
delicate art of deliberation. Reportedly, it
showed generosity in triumph and strength
in crisis. It had tradition and pride. It
molded a lot of good vessels, some out of
pretty ordinary clay.
I never leave the Gallery, even after listen-
ing to sonorous rhetoric rolling over empty
seats, without marveling that the whole
thing could have lasted so long and per-
formed so well.
SPEECH
os
HON. BEN F. JENSEN
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 4, 1963
Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
Join my colleagues in all the words they
have uttered in praise of our able Par-
liamentarian Lew Deschler. Lew was on
A1299
the job when I came to Congress almost
a quarter of a century ago, and I learned
quickly to seek his counsel and advice,
all of which proved to be good. Lew
Deschler possesses that sixth sense, to see
the right, and to live right during every
minute of the day.
I could go on for hours, Mr. Speaker,
expounding my high esteem of this great
and good man, but it is simply not pos-
sible to gild the rose, neither is it possible
to say anything that would add to the
love and high esteem that all have who
know well, my friend. Lew Deschler.
I only wish for you, Lew, many more
years of service to the Members of Con-
gress and to our beloved Nation, which
you have served so well for over one-third
of a century.
Blockade
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
- Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the edi-
torial by David Lawrence in the U.S.
News & World Report issue of March
18, 1963, entitled "Blockade," points out
the truth that many American citizens
know even if the President and his mili-
tary and State Department advisers do
not know.
Cuba is a threat militarily, politically,
and in every other way to us and the
nations of this hemisphere. The longer
we postpone taking the necessary action,
first to neutralize the danger and then
to remove the danger and the threat,
the more difficult will the task become.
There is no point further in quibbling
over kinds of blockades although the pa-
cific blockade mentioned by Mr. Law-
rence is pertinent. The. main thing is
to prevent further military buildup while
we determine militarily what action is
necessary to reimpose the Monroe Doc-
trine in this hemisphere, which means
freeing Cuba of communism of any form,
Castro, or Khrushchev.
The editorial follows:
BLOCKADE
(By David Lawrence)
President Kennedy told his news confer-
ence on March 6 that the primary source of
the shipments into Cuba today are bloc ships,
This, of course, means that, under orders
from Moscow, the Communist-bloc countries
of Eastern Europe are sending to Castro not
only military equipment but oil and other
goods essential to Cuba's economic survival.
The American people, on the other hand,
are furnishing what is popularly known as
foreign aid to the governments of several
countries whose ships are carrying oil and
other supplies to Cuba.
How long will it be before the United
States puts into effect and enforces a block-
ade against this traffic?
President Kennedy admits that an em-
bargo on oil to Cuba could be effective. He
says:
"There isn't any doubt that over a long
period of time that denial of oil would make
a difference.. To deny the oil would require,
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A1300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENiX
of course, a blockade, and a blockade is an We imposed a quarantine last autumn
act of war, and you should be prepared to and intercepted Soviet as well as other ships
go for It. In the Atlantic as they approached Cuba.
"r think we indicated last October that in IT we had a right to do this then, we have
periods where we considered the United the right today to put into effect a pacific
States was endangered, we were prepared blockade so as to protect and defend the
to go as far as was needed to remove that people of the United States and other peo-
da ' er, and we would, of course, be willing pies of the Western Hemisphere.
ai ps tano do so again, if we felt there was a
si ation which carried with it that kind
of anger to the United States-"
When the President rays that a blockade
Chemists' Magazine Reports New Deter-
is $n "act of war," does this apply to all
forms of blockade? History doesn't support gent That Cleans as Well Without Pol-
suirh a broad assertion. In the handbook
of law known as Corpus Juris Secundum. luting
Widely used in America's judicial system,
thggre is a particular reference to what Is EXTENSION OF REMARKS
paled a pacific blockade. It is defined as
to Iowa:
The so-called pacific blockade is a means HON. HENRY S. REUSS
S
o1'coerc)on, ordinarily treated as falling short
war, consisting in the Interruption of or wlscoirsm
c ercial intercourse with certain ports IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN TATIVES
o coasts of a state to secure redress for an Monday, March 4,1963
international wrong.
The accepted position Is that pacific Mr. REUSE. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 4571,
ockades should not bear on third states to end detergent pollution of the Nation's
ee cept as they are affected by the constraint
streams and water table would require
ei'tly applied to the port or ports block-
manufacturers to stop using the chemi-
ed."
cal that is now the key ingredient in most
t Whether a pacific blockade might even-
synthetic detergents.
tually develop into an acknowledged state
of war is hardly relevant, since, realistically
The choice of a substitute will be up
}peaking, there has been and still continues
to private industry within the bounds set
o be a state of war between Cuba and
by standards of decomposability to be
he United States. The Soviet Union has
established by the Secretary of Health,
en proved conclusively to be a military
Education, and Welfare.
artner of the Cuban Government. The
The availability of a substitute that is
hole world knows that offensive armament
ntended for a potential attack on the United
reportedly comparable to the products
States was set up in Cuba by the Soviets now in
use in its cleaning ability but un-
and that at least 17,000 troops and techni-
like them in that it is full decomposable
Gans were brought there from Eastern Eu-
has been reported in a recent article in
rope to man the apparatus.
Chemical and Engineering News. Ameri-
On the same day-March 6--that the
can research may be able to develop an
President at his news conference was prom-
better substitute for the present
ising to take action if the Cuban situation even
became dangerous again, Maj. Gen. Alva
perpetually foaming product. The impo-
R. Fitch, head of U.S. Army Intelligence,
sition of a reasonable deadline will spur
was testifying before a Senate subcommittee,
such efforts.
ii as follows:
The report on the new biodegradable
"Prom the large volume and frequency
detergent follows:
of reports concerning -the underground stor-
age of aEifrltmItion, supplies, vehicles, and
GeRMAN Fizit DEVZLOPB New Syuoers
even aircraft. it is certain that there is con-
West Germany's detergent sweepstakes
} siderable activity in connection with under-
sparked by a law forbidding sale after Octo-
ground Installations throughout the island.
ber 1, 1984, of products that aren't at least
"There are several thousand caves In Cuba
80-percent biodegradable, has another entry
and matiy'have been used for storage over
A new group of nonionic detergents claimed
the years. With the reported addition of
to be I00-percent biodegradable has been un-
dehumidification and air-conditioning
veiled by H. J. Zimmer Verfahrenatechnik,
equipment. many would be suited to storage
chemical research and development firm lo-
of both large and delicate electronic Items."
cated In Frankfurt, West Germany (Chemica
General Fitch described the various kinds
and Engineering News. Feb. 18, p. 49) ,
of tanks, artillery mortars, rocket launchers,
The products are sugar eaters of bydroxy
and ground-to-ground missiles in Cuba to-
fatty acids. The group currently number
day, and then declared:
four and Includes the sugar eaters of riclno
"With the introduction of this equipment
letc acid, and mono di-, and trlliydroxy
Into Cuba, the potential firepower and mo-
stearic acids,
btllty of ground forces has been increased
In addition to being biodegradable, the new
considerably. No nuclear warheads are be-
nts are low-foaming, nontoxic, and
lieved to be in Cuba although it is possible deterge
stand on a relatively cheap and available raw
that they could be used by some of the
material base-sugar and natural oils, And
weapons systems present there."
their detergent activity compares well with
Why then do we quibble over the techni-
that of tetrapropylene benzene aulfonat
calitles of international law as we observe
(Tpbs). Tpbs Is Germany's biggest sellin
an obvious enemy building a military ma-
detergent, has about 85 percent of the mar
chine 91) miles away from our shores with
ket. But it's only about 25-percent degrad
the unquestioned purpose of endangering
able, hence will be barred by the Federal Re
the people of the United States?
detergent law,
111( Why should Congress continue to vote, public's
scrambling: Detergent producer
to the government of any country Producers
scram
! tOhose ships carry oil and other goods to and process developers are currently
bling for substitute products that will mee
strengthen Castro's position?
the 80-p'roerit degradahnlty requiremen
Why should the United States hesitate
and Engineering News, Feb
to impose a pacific blockade which Will (Chemical
1B, p. 65). At stake is a detergent market i
not Interfere in any trade operations of the
'West Germany that's estimated currently a
soviet ThIon or its satellites with other
about 108,099 metric torte a year, or about Sa
parts O!the world, but will effectively place
a boycott on all commerce with Cuba? miftfon,
,
.
a
l
s
-
-
e
g
s
t
t
.
n
t
6
March 11
Tice key to the washing ability of the new
products is the hydroxyl group, according to
Dr. Herbert Simonis, technical manager of
Simmer's purification process methods a81lf-
ate and coinventor of the detergents with
Dr. Mohammed Ismail, also of Zimmer, The
sugar eater of stearic acid, for example, has
practically no washing activity, he points out,
However, at least one hydroxyl group on the
fatty acid chain raises washing ability to
competitive levels. Optimum washing prop-
erties seem to lie between monohydroxy- and
dihydroxystearic acids.
The four sugar esters have similar proper-
ties. Special raw material or market condi-
tions would determine which would be pro-
duced, Dr. Simonis says. The sugar ester :f
rtcinoleic acid is cheapest to make. But
superioritlea of other members of the group
in certain specific properties might make
them more suitable for higher value wash-
ing products.
In cost, the new products don't score quite
so high. Zimmer figures production cost at
about 23 cents per pound of sugar ester,
This is about twice that of Tpbs. But the
amount of detergent in commercial consumer
washing products is only about 2 percent
according to Dr. Simonds. The balance is
filler and various additives. In industrial
detergent products, the detergent fraction
might rise to 10 to 20 percent, he says. So,
on a final product basis, Dr. Simonis esti-
mates that Zinuner's sugar esters will only
be 10 to 16 percent higher in cost than
Tpbs.
Will license: Zimmer, which is not a
chemical producer, 1s aiming at licensing the
process that It has developed for making
the detergents. It is currently negotiating
with several companies, including one U.S.
firm.
The firm isn't ready to talk process details
publicly yet. However, it has roughed out
the general scheme, which involves a two-
step reesteriflcation of sugar and fatty acids
from natural oils. First, fatty acids from raw
castor oil or other natural oils are reacted
with a low-boiling alcohol such as methanol
or ethanol. Then the resulting ester is re-
acted with sugar to give the sugar ester. Ac-
tually, a mixture of about 75-percent
enonoester and 26-percent diester results, but
it can be used as such and needn't be puri-
fied. The process is rather simple, Dr. Si-
monia says, doesn't require special equip-
ment, and in many cases can probably be
run in existing plant equipment. Further
unpurified raw materials can be used.
Zimmer has tested a number of natural
sugars, finds that cheap cane sugar (sucrose)
is best. Others can be used, but they cost
more and have no special advantage, Dr.
Simonis says. Various _natural oils that
give fatty acids having at least one hydroxyl
group, or that can be hydroxylated by hydro-
gen peroxide or peracetic acid, can be used.
After finding that the sugar ester of
rtcinoleic acid (from.castor oil) is degrada-
ble and has good detergent qualities, the
firm's research group prepared the sugar
esters of mono-, di-, and tri-hyd oxystearic
acid for comparison. These turned out to
be comparable to the rtcinoleic acid sugar
ester, but need more processing, are more
costly.
Tests made: So far, Zimmer hasn't tested
its dete gents in large-scale sewage treat-
ment plants. However, it has had testa made
by two independent university authorities.
Dr. H. Schlegel, director of the Institute
for Microbiology of the University of Goet-
tingen, has tested them for microbto'ogical
properties, found them no toxic and de-
gradable by bacteria normally found In
sewage.
Dr. Herbert Koelbel, rector of the Tech-
nical University o2Befifn, chedked out deter-
gent characteristics. He fount that all four
esters foam less than Tpbs- At the same
time, they lower surface tension by at least
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1293
as they in turn affect our internal wel-
fare.
This opinion is shared by many peo-
ple in and out of the Congress, Arid it is
hoped, therefore, that for the good of
this Nation and the good of the State
Department the problems-can' be re-
viewed and aired in order that there
may be a complete understanding
among the State Department, the Mem-
bers of Congress, and the citizens of this
country.
ABCD Mail Service
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ROE 1 A. EVERETT
of TEinittsEE
IN THE ROUSE OF IEPRESENTATIVES
Monday, Marc. 11, 11963
Mr. EVERETI`. Mi. Speaker, on Feb
ruary 25, 1963, Postmaster General J.
Edward Day inaugurated a new major
,postal service innovation-ABCD, stand-
ing for accelerated-business -collections
and delivery-in the Washington metro-
politan area.
This new service will provide 4-hour
delivery of local "first-class mail in the
downtown business area from Monday
"through Friday. Bythe'end of this cal-
endar year 273 cities in"this country will
have the advantages of accelerated busi
tiess- collections and delivery service; a
step forward in mail service comparable
in importance to the start of free city
delivery a century ago.
In launching the accelerated business
collections and delivery service here in
Washington, Postmaster General Day
aid richly deserved credit to the archi-
tect of this innovation in mail service,
Assistant Postmaster General Frederick
C $elen, by presenting him with the Post
Office Department's first annual Denja-
Thin Franklin Award.
As head of the vitally important nu-
xeau of Operations` of the 'Post Office
Department for the past 2 years, Mr.
casion for special recognition of the architect Mr. Belen first inaugurated the accelerated
of this very successful program of 4-hour business collection and delivery program on
business mail service, a pilot basis last August 14 in his home city
It is my genuine pleasure to honor As- of Lansing, Mich.
sistant Postmaster General Frederick C. In designating Frederick C. Belen as the
Belen as the first Post Office Department first official to be honored with the Benjamin
official to receive the Department's esteemed Franklin Award, I am proud to recognize
Benjamin Franklin Award. Mr. Belen's exceptional contributions to the
The Benjamin Franklin Award is a new operation of, the postal service. I now pre-
tbp honor award of the Department reserved sent to him this beautiful plaque of un-
for officials in noncareer positions whose usual three-dimensional design featuring
outstanding leadership" and accomplish- an inset bust of the first Postmaster Gen-
ments have resulted in major improvements eral, Benjamin Franklin, and a genuine
of ational significance in the work of the specimen of the very first postage stamp
pos$'al service. Issued by the U.S. Government-in 1847.
I am rather unusual among Postmasters The stamp carries Benjamin Franklin's
General, because I.have never been national portrait-and it is interesting to note that
chairman of my party or even particularly it is a 5-cent stamp.
active in politics at all. In fact, when
President Kennedy announced my appoint-
ment-as the first Cabinet member ever
from Southern California-he emphasized
that it was not because of my very incidental
past political activity but because of my
management experience, in State govern-
meht and in business.
I was associated for a number of years
with ' one of the largest and finest law firms
in the country. After that I was a senior
officer for 8 years of a giant insurance com-
pany which is the third largest private
corporation in the world.
And yet I can state unequivocally that I
have never been surrounded with such talent
as I am right now that I am serving in the
Federal Government. Every day I work with
Federal executives who demonstrate superb
imagination, energy, good judgment and
practical idealism. With few exceptions I
have found that the Federal executive sees
himself in context with the great compli-
cated world we live in, he has a lively in-
terest in new ideas and in wider horizons-
and he does not take himself too seriously.
Fred Belen has all these qualities. He
has been Assistant Postmaster General head-
ing the Department's key Bureau of Opera-
-Inquiries: Democrats Handcuff GOP
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRED SCHWENGEL
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, the
battle to bring about a better balance
between minority and majority staff
members on congressional committees
is beginning to get backing at the grass-
roots level. As a case in point I offer an
editorial from the Davenport (Iowa)
Daily Times, of February 23, entitled
"Inquiries_ Democrats Handcuff GOP."
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
request that this editorial appear in the
Appendix of the RECORD.
The editorial follows:
tions since the beginning of President Ken- INQUiRxES: DEMOCRATS HANDCUFF GOP
nedy's administration and for the past 8
months he has additionally carried, with
distinction, many of the responsibilities of
the Office of Deputy Postmaster General.
Before- assuming his ' present post in
January 1961, Mr. Belen had been Counsel
and Chief Counsel of the House Post Office
and Civil Service Committee for 14 years
and was already widely acknowledged as one
of. the Nation's foremost authorities on
postal administration.
In developing and spearheading major
pressive record of accomplishments that only, Mr. Belen has brought imaginative new
have resulted in numerous major im- approaches to the solution of longstanding
problems of the postal service. Accelerated
prove'nlents og national significance in business collections and deliveries is but
the Post O3ilce'Department, His imagi- _oneexample.
fictive and dynamic approach to proli- _ He has shown outstanding leadership in
.ems that have long beset the Postal Es- enlisting the cooperation of the Nation's
tablishment las brought about improved large volume business mailers, and has
efficiency, lower cost, and, most impor- demonstrated that such cooperation benefits
tart, better service. Fie has played a both the mailer and the Department.
major role in developing -a" number of He has provided expert and energetic
-direction to the Post Office programs of cost
el
t
-
o acc
progressive pr'og ig similar
-11 grated business collections and delivery -reduction and management improvement, The liberal Washington Post, supporter
giving concrete expression to the President's generally of the Kennedy administration, 11
designed t0 maintain our postal service = goals of economy and manpower utilization. says editorially:
as the most modern and effl`cient in the "He has been a major contributor at the "Representative ScHwENGEL has estimated
world, executive level to the Department's accom- that fewer than 50 of about 500 committee
I am sure my colleagues will be in- plishments in holding to a minimum man- employees are Republicans.
terested In the tribute paid to Mr. nelen power increases in the postal service in the It does not follow, however, that the other
"'_Fi reduction of Christmas temporary employees 450 are Democrats.
by Postmastereileral i~ay, W111C f01- from 295,000 in 1960 to approximately one- "In many cases where appointments have
lows; half that number in 1962, In the return of been made on merit, the political affiliations
EXCERPT FROM THE ADDRESS BY J. EDWARD $37 million of our Department appropriation of the employees are not known and are of no
DAYS POSTMASTER GENERAL to the Treasury in fiscal 1962, and in the significance, and this Is as it should be.
introduction of the accelerated business Department's apacity to- absorb this year "The professional employees ought to be
collections and delivery program here In $'0 million of the recent postal employee pay available to serve the minority as well as the
the Washington area provides an Ideal oc- increase. majority, with the object of advancing the
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associated with him in the demand for the
Republican right to appoint 40 percent of
staffs of House committees are so right that
its denial is nothing less than a ruthless
power play by Democrats.
Actually, the proposal is so fair that it lost
by only 1 vote, 10 to 9, in the House Ad-
ministration Committee.
Democrats in-the House are leery of in-
vestigations, a major reason for holding the
overwhelming number of investigators under
their thumbs.
The inquiries which are apt to engage at-
tention of committees extend Into the laby-
rinth of Federal-State appropriations, par-
ticularly into the use of funds for Federal
highway construction.
In Massachusetts, for instance, that type
of scandal has wider ramifications touching
figures whose reputations are of concern to
party colleagues.
In other States, inquiries have suddenly
been dropped at times, Republicans say as
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A1294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
work of the committee and not of merely
making political hay."
The Washington newspaper must expect
Its readers to be naive to swallow the defense
it presents for the failure to give Republicans
enough staff members to bring about some
semblance of adequate personnel for their
committee work.
The Republicans ask 40 percent of the 500
1 staff members which is certainly a reasonable
proportion based upon Republican repre-
sentation in Congress.
And the idea that professional staff mem-
bers do not know the Democrats are their
bosses and do not carry out their bosses' will
is too foolish for argument.
The Washington Post's statement that "it
does not follow that the other 450 are Dem-
ocrats" would bring questioning from Demo-
cratic Members of the House if they did not
feel that this large group is Democratic
enough to hold its place on the Federal pay-
roll,
We Cannot Abann Cuba,
E$ TENSION OF REMAF&,Q
01
HON. BOB WILSON
IN THE SOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr, BOB WILSON. Mr, Speaker,
from the white House "command post"
a concerted barrage of propaganda is
being aimed at anyone-Republican or
Democrat--who deigns to criticize the
Kennedy record of inaction with regard
to Cuba.
As one who has been subjected to such
criticism, I find consolation in noting the
criticism of the administration's myopic
at#itude toward the Monroe Doctrine by
none other than former President Harry
S. Truman. As a historian and rugged
individualist, Mr. Truman recognizes the
peril of the present situation. I com-
mend him,for his strong call for action.
f . I ask unanimous consent to include as
a portion of my remarks the article en-
titled "We Cannot Abandon Cuba,"
which appeared in the New York Stand-
ard on Sunday, February 24, 1963.
The article follows:
} [From the New York Standard, Feb. 24,
f983j
Ws CANNOT AB,Nnon Cues
(By Harry S. Truman)
Along with everyone else, I have been con-
cerned but the situation in Cuba, The
Cuban people have been beset with Internal
problems almost from the time Cuba was
discovered by Columbus. One set of tyrants
seems to be succeeded by another in guise
of liberators.
There Is, now much talk about Cuba.
There 'are those who read and talk about It?
and there are those who tell those in charge
what to do and how to do it. That is all
right, as far as it goes, but it does no good
and could do much harm, if we get into a
political hassle about it. Foreign policy
should never be an Issue between the great
tt political parties.
is there no hope for Cuba? Is Cuba now
doomed to become theBaikansateliite of tie
American continent? These And many other
questions are being raised.
The one thing that history teaches us over
and over again is that no system of govern-
meat that defies the will of its people can
long endure and, while modern weapons in
the hands of a new crop of quislings make
the tank of liberation more formidable, it is
as true today as it ever was that the will of a
people to be free is irresistible. Any gov-
ernment that Imposes its will from the
top will be overthrown in time. When the
people reach that certain point of loss of pa-
tience and the congealment of their will to
resist they strike back with the savage fury
of bloody revolution, resulting in more
cruelties In the name of the revolution.
We have always been sympathetic toward
the Cuban people but for one reason or an-
other, things never seemed to work out so
that the affairs of Cuba could be admin-
istered by honest and devoted patriots, rather
than the greedy, selfish, grafting dictators
that kept succeeding one another.
The present situation In Cuba defies all
reasoning. Castro as a revolutionary leader
fighting to unseat Dictator Batista attracted
sympathetic support from many quarters in
this hemisphere, and from the United States
in particular. There was some reason to
hope that here at long last there may have
arisen a true patriot and able leader, who
would devote his energies to the establish-
ment of representative government, and put
through necessary reforms for the benefit of
all the Cuban people.
But, again, our hopes were doomed to dis-
appointment: The man, Castro, became in-
Sated and power mad-and Incapable of the
kind of leadership Cuba needed in her pe-
riod of reconstruction.
Instead of applying his energies to the so-
lution of the needs of Cuba. Castro betrayed
his revolution by delivering the Cuban peo-
ple to the political' Imprisonment of a
Russian-made Communist dictatorship. He
thus committed Cuba to a life of crisis, of
aggression, oppression, and Intrigue.
We admit that our policies toward Cuba,
and I would Include my own administration
as well, have left something to be desired.
For some reason we have put off for too
long our responsibility to put pressure on
the Cuban leaders to Institute badly_needed
reforms.
There is one thing we cannot do and must
not do and that Is to abandon Cuba to her
self-imposed tyrants and new conquerors.
For as long as these people enforce their will
by the use of modern weapons, the Cuban
people will be compelled to undergo pro-
longed suffering, before they can hope to
restore themselves by the process of spon-
taneous popular uprising.
The Cuban situation is in a different cate-
gory and should not be confused with the
other satellite victims within the-Russian-
Chinese orbit. Cuba was delivered to Com-
munist control and domination by a betrayal
of a modern-day Quisling, Castro. fie per-
petrated this act of treason against the
Cuban people and even those of his revolu-
tionary followers, in the name of liberation
from colonialism.
I think that it is well that we take a look
at the record of our past relations with
Cuba. From early 1899 to mid 1902, while
Cuba was under temporary V.S. mill-
tary rule. following her liberation from
Spain, most of the omces were placed under
Cuban nationals. During that period much
was done to build public works; strict meas-
ures of sanitation were put into effect; the
civil service was reformed; and public edu-
cation significantly Improved. Yellow fever,
which had been plaguing Cuba for centuries,
was eradicated.
At the same time a constitutional con-
vsntion was called to establish a system for
self-government. The first Cuban Conti-
nental Congress met on May 6, 1902, and we
turned over control of the (loverninent to
the people of Cuba,
March 11
In restoring Cuba to self-government the
so-called Platt amendment was accepted by
Cuba on June 12, 1901, as a part of its
Constitution.
Among the several provisions of the Platt
amendment were these:
The sanitation measures set up by the
military, were to be maintained;
"Naval stations authorized to be leased to
the United States; and
"The United States reserved the right to
interfere in the affairs of the island if it be-
came necessary."
It seems to me, that when it appeared that
the situation In Cuba was getting out of
hand, and that a threat to the security of
this hemisphere was clearly in the making,
that we should have considered that the
basic implications of the Monroe Doctrine
were at stake, as well as the reservation im-
posed by the Platt amendment, which an-
ticipated precisely such a development.
These provisions, the Monroe Doctrine,
and the Platt amendment, were there as
much for the welfare and protection of
Cuba, as for the security of all the other
nations of this continent.
The situation is clear, the problem is ob-
vious, the solution not so apparent. But,
like the bubonic plague or cholera, quaran-
tining is one remedy that every public health
authority knows must be imposed until a
virulent epidemic abates.
A former President, much as he might
try, cannot detach himself from events, even
long after he is out of office, On one of my
walks, a speculative thought kept going
through my mind on how I might have dealt
with Castro if it had been mine to do. This
is how I saw it: Immediately after the
conclusion of the revolution In Cuba, I
would have invited Castro to the White
House. This Is the way I might have put
it to him:
"Mr. Castro, your revolution is over and
now you have the responsibility and the
big job of reconstruction. You have made
a great many promises to your people in
enlisting their support. How are you going
to make good in those promises? You don't
have the resources of your own in Cuba, and
there are no means in sight to enable you
to perform the things you promised the
Cuban people.
"Now, there are only two places where
you might get the necessary economic sup-
port to put over your program of reforms.
We are close to Cuba and we have historic
ties with your country. All we would expect
In return for our support would be that you
keep the Cuban Institutions free, and the
Cuban people free, and that you get rid of
corruption. This is all we would ask, this
is all we would expect, and Cuba would en-
joy complete sovereignty and independence
as a nation. But if you should elect to go
the other way-the Communist way-you
will become a puppet and that can only lead
you to more trouble and bloodshed."
I would have hoped that after some such
exchange we should have come to an under-
standing and I think we might have reached
a friendly agreement. All this, of course,
needed to have been quietly negotiated
within the privacy of the White House. With
that out of the way I might have closed
our meeting with a friendly suggestion, per-
haps something like this:
"Now that we understand each other,
Fidel, let us get to work and do all we can
for the cause of your people."
The Cuban crisis has served one useful
purpose-it again smoked out the Russian
capacity for bluff and their "hit and run"
type of international piracy. And it pro-
vided the United States with an opportunity
to make it clear to the Communist aggres-.
sore that once the line is drawn we stand
firm,
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1291
ernment felt it owed the cotton farmer some- and will Cost our taxpayers much less than vided on whether Wednesday's flood was t con-
. larger
was the anothe1957 cd ost y bit of nhigh
not not thing, that they should pay it to because d the trol present
cotton, torsacost of y n th ng ofnthenloss of event itan
not try to make the market pay t
th market would not do it for long, and in our cotton business due to such control. water.
the end, if we followed that road, the United As Dr. Horne has indicated, U.S. cotton is Some 3.5 Inches of rain fell Tuesday,
States would lose its cotton supremacy. fighting a desperate battle for survival. I coupled with melting snow from the moun-e
e
One other man supported me. His name want to add that it is fighting this battle ttai Pigeon River sent rising both prongs of thst signs
mand,
was Thompson, and he was an official of the with both hands tied behind its back so long Pi rapidly.
Texas Cotton Ginners' Association. as the Government continues control of cot- overflowing about 1 came e t about midnight,
started nd ter But our voices were like one crying in ton production and of the cotton market. then the rapidly. It r.m. t its wacrest tarty 6 s-
the wilderness. hat time, 6:30 a.m. Wednesday and started to fall
At me, the Civil was k r psychology shortly thereafter. Some Knoxville-Sevier-
still persisted that cotton was king in Amer- ville traffic was open shortly- after 9 a.m.
ice. The United States produced more cot- Flood Again Homeowners and businessmen now face
op-
ton than all the rest of the world put to- the task of cleaning up, another costly op-
gether. We produced then 141/2 million the
The Sevier County Volunteer Rescue
bales for consumption. We are producing EXTENSION OF REMARKS eration.
the same amount today, but a sizable quan- OF Squad was on the scene all night Tuesday,
the ears, foreg loan. pro- HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN aiding in the evacuation of homes and serv-
tity goes in
In these 30 years, foreign free world o- ing in many helpful capacities. Also on
bales ales n to 21 has million increased bales. from If 81we /2 million included OF TENNESSEE extra duty were the Sevierville police and
bales THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Sevierville Volunteer Fire Department.
Russia and China, the increase is even No details were available at press time as
greater. Monday, March 11, 1963 to the total amount of damage.
As Dr. Horne has shown, synthetics have Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, I insert Now is the time to get something done
increased greatly.
Obviously, some of this accelerated growth in the Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL about an even this larger situation; flood we comes shouldn'andt wait takes until
nail
sev-
in foreign cotton and in synthetics would RECORD an article which appeared in the eral lives.
have taken place in any case. To me, how- Sevier County News-Record on Thurs-
ever, the most frightening aspect of our day, March 7, 1963, regarding the devas-
present situation in cotton is the fact that tating flood which swept into Sevierville Improving Medical Aid
we are losing markets at home and abroad, and Sevier County last Tuesday night
while foreign cotton and synthetics are
both going down in price and up in use. Wednesday morning, March 5 and EXTENSION OF REMARKS
For the 10 years prior to the meeting in 6. of
Washington in June 1933, the average of Many homes in the Love Addition and CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
our cotton exports was 7,880,000 bales. The on Riverside Drive of Sevier County had HON.
average for the past 10 years is 4,732,000 to be evacuated, and merchants of down- OF MARYLAND
bales. In these 30 years, we have lost over town Sevierville worked throughout the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
3 million bales per year in exports of cot- night setting up barricades, in efforts to
ton. keep water out of their stores. Court Monday, March 11, 1963
What can be done now to save our raw Avenue in Sevierville was a thoroughfare Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, under
cotton industry?
I don't pretent to knowall the answers, for boats Wednesday morning as flood- leave to extend my remarks, I include but I believe I know some of them. waters from the Pigeon River covered at
Bal-
more this News-Post point, an an o editorial
March 4, from the 1963, tl-
Obviously, U.S. cotton's principal com- the heart of the town entering many of
petitors are foreign cottons and synthetics, the business establishments and causing fled "Improving Medical Aid," which
both of which operate in a free market. The widespread damage. points up so well certain drawbacks in
greatest service of the free market the Mr Bo Roberts, editor', and Mr. Wil- the administration of the Kerr-Mills
automatic selection of the most efficient liam C. Postlewaite, publisher, of the program for providing medical care for
means df production. Sevier County News-Record, are to be senior citizens in my State of Maryland.
sugar, World wheat, comm et odities, cetera, like produced ce es, for cotton, export, congratulated on the fine coverage of this It is for this reason that I introduced
cannot be sheltered from world competi- flood and for presenting a word and Pic- legislation in the House of Representa-
tion. Even for domestic consumption, every ture story of the flood, pinpointing the tives, H.R. 4388, to correct this situation
commodity has its competitors. desperate need for flood relief. I and permit the individual States to se-
If our cotton is to regain its rightful posi- thought it was so good that I would like lect' the agency to be responsible for
tion in the domestic and world markets, then to make it available to the other Mem- U.S. assistance to the aged, rather
the free market. Government tris cotton ers of Congress. than having this program supervised by
a free market. any man man in Reducing the h this e price
room not o imagine t The article follows:
enough. Does any the State departments of welfare. The
that any bureau in Washington knows what FLOOD AGAIN editorial is appended at this point and
the price of any world commodity, such as (By Bo Roberts) I commend it to the attention of the
cotton, should be? The answer to this ques- High waters swept into Sevierville early Congress:
Gov-
tion is to be found in the record of Gov- Wednesday morning causing a flood in the IMPROVING MEDICAL AID
ernment price fixing for these past 30 years downtown and some residential sections at administered in Maryland, the
Just look at the record of the two-price sys- least greater than the one in December of As now
Kerr-Mills program for providing medical
tem on cotton. The United States, a num- 1961 and possibly as large as the one in care for senior ro same for Is ro ixing by the
bet of years ago, officially branded such sys- 1957. State department of welfare and is carried
tem, as "dumping," and now at a time when There has been a lot of talk, but very out by local welfare agencies, in Baltimore by
the rest of the industrialized free world is little action taken since the 1961 flood, and the city department of public welfare.
moving in the opposite direction, we engage it seems many area citizens are wanting to Congressman CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS of
in this system, not only for cotton but for get something done. Thousands of dollars Maryland's Sixth District has noted that this
other commodities. Among other faults, of damages have again been caused, even has certain drawbacks, principally
use a has ertai Yd b must file pally their
this two-price system on cotton lays a wholly though many persons had 6 or 7 hours to System
unfair and indefensible burden on our cot- prepare for the flood. The next flood could because c scan the for aide agencies.
ton textile mills in allowing their foreign be years away * * * of it could be next week applications welf MATHIAS
goods it is high time action is taken on the `Many people," Congressman
competitors in rthe aw domestic market o to * * * points out, "feel that there is a certain stig-
cotton, their raw material, even U.S.-grown part of local, State, and Federal officials to ma to making applications for welfare aid.
be-
cotton, at 81/2 cents per pound less than the see that something is done to stop this costly This objection has some basis in fact aid.
U.S. mill must pay. and dangerous flooding. cause those who receive medical aid through
In my opinion, nothing but a return to There have been no reported casualties, department d not through
the free market will save our U.S. raw cotton but many homes in the Love Addition and the au a welfare those
needful of apart assistance: '
trade. Nevertheless, under Government con- on Riverside Drive have had to be evacuated. be welfare trol these past 30 years, we have gone so Merchants in downtown Sevierville worked To correct this situation, Congressman
far in the destruction of this trade that throughout the night setting up barricades MATHIAS has introduced in Congress a bill
there certainly will be a period during a in efforts to keep water out of their stores. which would change the Kerr-Mills provi-
shift back to farmer control when cotton Water is reported to have gotten into rev- othe permitting idiv du lbStates to se-
farmers will need help. It is believed that eral businesses in spite of their efforts. lect agency which
this period will not last more than 5 years Veteran observers of floods here were di- for medical assistance to the aged.
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A1292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
Advocatesof the Kerr-Mills program agree
that It can be Improved. Congressman
MAranas' proposed legislation is one way to
achieve improvement. His bill should re-
ceive full congressional support.
Soviet Bombers-How?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
Or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11. 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, a
most disturbing revelation has been made
by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott in yes-
terday's Long Island Press. It concerns
Soviet bombers flying over several of our
aircraft carriers.
I wonder if President Kennedy will also
consider these bombers as defensive?
The article follows:
SOVIET Botsssas KNEW JUST Warms U.S.
CAxsness Wsaas
(By Robert B. Allen and Paul Scott)
WASaueatON.-Defense Secretary McNa-
mara's delayed disclosure of those Russian
reconnala_ance-bomber flights over tour U.S.
carriers is only part of this jolting story.
What the at-times-circuitous Pentagon
boss didn't reveal is even more $ ircant
than what he finally did make known,
For security reasons most of these chilling
untold facts cannot be divulged as yet. They
are still tightly classified-although, of
course, no secret to the Russians; only to
Americans.
But it is possible to publish the following
extremely important information that Mctia-
mars withheld:
In each of these ominous carrier over-
flights the Soviet reconnaissance-bombers
flew direct to their midocean "targets" by
the shortest circular routes from bases in
Russia. The giant Red planes (known in
the West as Bears) did not search for the
carriers. They set courses straight for them
and flew over them.
Such extraordinary bull's-eye flying, as
it Is being termed by members of the joint
Chiefs of Staff, is possible only in two ways,
as follows.
'Possession by the Russians of a secret
space (satellite) or other high level recon-
nai$saace system that enables the detection
and tracking of ships.
Advance.Soviet knowledge of the exact lo-
cation and Courses of the lour carriers-the
$nterprfse, Forrestal, Kitty Hawk, and
Princeton.
Military authorities are convinced the
former Is the case.
These highly revealing incidents confirm
for them a growing belief they have had for
some time that the Russians have in orbit
one or more reconnaissance satellites with
the same. capabilities as our very secret
Samos and Ferret. -
=ese U.S. satellites take photographs and
monitor communications. The Air Force has
at least six Samoses in orbit from 160 to 500
miles above the earth. These satellites snap
pictures of Russian areas and installations
and transmit them to ground receiving sta-
tions. The Ferret, in , addition to being
equipped with a camera similar to those in
the Samos, has a complex electronic system
for monitoring communications,
Both the Samos and Ferret can take pho-
tos at heights of several hundred miles from
which individuals on the ground can be
Identified.
Strikingly Indicative of the high degree of
effectiveness of the Reds' detection and
tracking system are the following grim de-
falls about- which Secretary McNamara was
characteristically vague:
The Navy reported that the Bear recon-
nalasance-bomber that new aver the 75.000-
ton Forrestal southeast of the Azores on Feb-
ruary 22 was tracked some 2,100 miles from
a base in northeastern Russia. From the
very start the Soviet plane made a beeline
for the carrier and flew directly to it by the
shortest circular route.
Throughout, the intruding Bear was under
surveillance, either by radar, radio, or by
plane. Two Ferret satellites were tuned In
on the Russians. What was learned Is classi-
fied.
For two brief periods radar lost its "Ioc"
on the Soviet plane. This was done to the
Reds' using a new type of metal chaff that
temporarily blotted out radar contact. But
surveillance was maintained through other
methods, and interceptors of the Forrestal
were In the air long before the Bear hove
into sight.
However, intelligence experts point out
that Is not as important as it may appear
to be.
They cite thefact that the Bear has the
capability of being armed with a known
Soviet air-to-ground missile that can be
launched some 850 miles from a carrier-
definitely out of the range of U.S. carrier-
based Interceptors.
One Navy report on the incidents-also not
mentioned by McNamara--stated that a Bear
that overflew a carrier was equipped with
racks that could have carried nuclear bombs
of more than 20 megatons. Photos were
taken of this Communist plane showing
these bomb racks.
An Intelligence report stressed the point
that, in direct contrast to these bullseye
overflights. It took the Navy 4 days to locate
that hijacked Venezuelan freighter.
Senator BARRY GOLDWArER, Republican, of
Arizona, had much to do with forcing dis-
closure of then` sinister overflights. He
questioned McNamara about the Kitty Hawk
incident during the latter's closed-door ap-
pearance before the Senate Armed Services
Committee. Obviously startled and discon-
certed, McNamara admitted the accuracy of
Ooldwater's Information.
Later, after conferring with the President,
the defense chief hurriedly summoned a
press conference and announced the over-
flights..
An Example of Individual Responsibility
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ROBERT DOLE
07 KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, throughout
our great country silent benefactors play
vital roles In countless small communi-
ties such as my hometown of Russell,
Kans.
Russell, and in fact all of Russell
County, Kans., lost a true friend In the
death of W. H. "Bill" Sellens on Febru-
ary 10, 1963. Blessed with a degree of
material wealth Mr. Sellens firmly be-
lieved in community betterment and
practiced this belief In Individual re-
sponsibility for many, many years.
There are countless examples bearing
the stamp of his generosity in our com-
munity but perhaps his greatest pride
March 11
was In doing his bit to insure first class
medical treatment for the patients and
first class facilities for the staff of Rus-
sell City Hospital. I share with you a
letter written by Dr. M. E. Schulz, Mr.
Sellens' physician for many years, to the
Russell Daily News:
YOUR HOSPITAL AND Bn.L Smums
In January 1963. your hospital was 20
years old. For the past 12 years, Mr. Bill
Bellens has been the greatest benefactor
of this community Institution for healing
the sick. Through his generosity, your hos-
pital has been made a better place in which
to care for the sick, and has been kept mod-
ern In every respect.
Each and every one of us should be par-
ticularly grateful for this man. Be was
truly a pioneer of Russell County and ex-
pressed many times that the good Lord was
kind to him, and he wished to return this
kindness to his home community. This is
something that many of us should think
about, for It is our home community which
to Important, for It is where we live and
where we die. Mr. Sellens was a God-fearing
man, who in the early days quarried our
famous stone posts, at the price of 10 cents
apiece. He was a very humble man and
truly left his community in a better condi-
tion than when he found It. He had many
friends. He was a towering man, well above
8 feet in height, and distinguished in his
actions. He gave to the youth in many
ways, as be was always Interested in our
children. This kind of citizen is a citizen
worth writing about. He believed in self-
determination and individual responsibili-
ties. He not only spoke of Individual initi-
ative, but he practiced It.
Here are some of the things that your
hospital would not be blessed with had it
not been for gifts over the past 12 years from
Bill Sellens: the professional staff library,
many room furnishings, solarium furnish-
ings, laboratory equipment, two different
sets of new X-ray equipment, air condition-
ing, the doctors' call system, and many other
things.
It has been said that there is always a
woman behind every man's actions. The
above comments could not have been said
were It not for the very able Mrs. Amelia
Sellens, wife of Mr. Bill Sellens, and It is
triteto say that these things could have been
done only with her full cooperation.
Activities of the Department of State
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. HJALMAR C. NYGAARD
Or NORTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. NYGAARD. Mr. Speaker, at an-
other point in the RECORD today, Con-
gressman DON L. SHORT is including in
his remarks, House Joint Resolution
Q-1, passed by both houses of the North
Dakota State Legislature without a dis-
senting vote.
The resolution requests Congress to
investigate and study the policymaking
procedures, methods of assessing for-
eign developments, and personnel prac-
tices of the Department of State. In
other words it calls for an investigation
of the activities of the State Depart-
ment as It relates to our foreign policies
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
How have we responded to your appeals?
Let me answer the question this way. The
Chinese Communists persecuted and im-
prisoned- Bishop Cuthbert O'Gara. When
they finally expelled him from China, he
hoped to arouse American Catholics to the
sufferings of their brother Catholics in
China. How did we answer his appeal? By
and large _ we ignored him. Bishop O'Gara
said it was easier to bear Communist perse-
cution than the indifference of American
Catholics. We have done very little to help
our brother Catholics who suffer Communist
persecution. . We forget that it is Christ
himself whom they persecute.. What will we
Latin Catholics say to Jesus Christ our Judge
when He asks us at,the judgment, "I was
persecuted, and what did you do to help
Me?"
We cannot.rely on the V.S. Government
to do this job for us. The U.S. Government
plainly showed its attitude toward those suf-
fering Communist persecution when the U.S.
Embassy in Moscow shut its door in the face
of those Russian.. Baptists who asked for
asylum in the name of Jesus Christ. Fur-
ther, the U.S, Government has completely
abandoned., any idea of supporting a libera-
tion movement against the Communists.
Not only that, but the United States has
abandoned the Monroe Doctrine and has
consented to the maintenance of a Commu-
nist slave State. in Cuba, 90 miles off our
shores. Furthermore, the United States has
adopted %,policy of peaceful coexistence with
the Communist., empire. And now the U.S.
Government. is disarming in the face of the
Communistene;ny; witness the abandon-
ment of planning and production of ad-
vanced,nuclear.hombers, the RS-70 program;
Witness the abandonment of the Skybolt nu-
clear bomber missile; the abandonment of
nuclear missile bases around Russia; and
the recall of our nuclear bombers from bases
around Russia.. Our Government is not only
willing to settle for things the way they are
now, but Is disarming to prevent even any
threat to. jhe Communists. We cannot count
on the U.S, Government to help those suffer-
Ing Communist persecution. The U.S. Gov-
ern}uent does not want to embarrass the
-Communists.
.but. what can we do? We can do a great
deal..,We can pray. Does that sound like
a ,truism?, About 1 year ago the Ukrainian
batholic bishops here in the United States
called: a press conference to spotlight the
sufferings of Archbishop Siipy in his Com-
munist prison. Here in Omaha, our beloved
archbishop, the Most Reverend Gerald T.
]3ergan, called upon us to pray for those
suffering Communist persecution. I am sure
many American bishops did likewise. Today
on this, his 71st birthday, Archbishop Siipy
is a free man.. If it is a holy and wholesome
thing to pray for the dead, how much more
holy and wholesome It must be to pray for
those suffering persecution for Christ. Those
who suffer persecution have first call on
the charity of our prayers.
Secondly, we can and should constantly
remind our fellow' Americans and our Gov-
ernment of the persecution which our broth-
era are. suffering from the Communists.
There is hardly an issue of the CONGRESSIONAL
REcoRnwhich does not carry articles about
the persecution of the Jews in Russia. The
Communists do not, generally kill Jews-they
pressure them. They close some of their
synagogues; they restrict the publication of
Jewish religious books; they obstruct the
training of rabbis; they give the Jews ad-
verse publicity; they make it difficult for
Jews. to get a professional education. My
friends, you and I know that the Communists
have treated the Jews mildly in comparison
to their treatment of Ukrainian Catholics.
The Communists have made a determined
effort to suppress catholicism completely
among Ukrainians.
. Our Jewish friends are telling their story.
We Latin Catholics are not telling the story
of our persecuted brothers. You would
think the silent church is on this side of the
Atlantic. We can and should make the
sufferings of our fellow Catholics known.
We Latin Catholics must cooperate with you
Byzantine Catholics to tell the world of Com-
munist persecution. Then maybe our Gov-
ernment will exert itself to alleviate the
sufferings of our brothers in Christ.
Archbishop Slipy symbolizes the fidelity
of the Ukrainian people to Christ In the face
of Communist persecution, That is the rea-
son we honor him. We can honor him best
by loving Our Lord Jesus Christ as Arch-
bishop Slipy has loved him. We can love
Our Lord by working and praying for our
brother Catholics who are suffering Com-
munist persecution. That is the message of
the archbishop's release. The warning is
that if we fail to love Our Lord as we should
we may soon suffer persecutions ourselves.
Just as God has released Archbishop Siipy
from a Communist concentration camp, so
one day God *111 free the Ukrainian people
and all other people from Communist slavery.
Let us praise and thank God for His goodness,
and pray and work together for that glorious
day.
Thank you.
Housing Utopia Is Fine, but Where's
the Cash?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. WILLARD S. CURTIN
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. CURTIN. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I desire to include an editorial
which appeared on March 6 in the Daily
Intelligencer, a newspaper published in
Doylestown, Bucks County, Pa. The said
editorial goes right to the heart of one
of the problems which is presently con-
fronting us:
HOUSING UTOPIA Is FINE, BUT WHERE'S
THE CASH?.
We need the stout advocates of principle
at both ends of the political spectrum. They
sharpen public debate on the great issues
and serve as a useful check on too pre-
cipitate Government action.
But it does not follow from this that those
who stand for .principle are of necessity
braver and more useful than those who
occupy the compromising political center.
The National Housing Conference, a 32-
year-old organization devoted to eliminat-
ing slums and blight, perhaps illustrated
in its newest Washington meeting how easy
It is to talk on the aide of the angels.
The NHC notes some largely unassailable
facts:
Our total annual output of new housing
is insufficient to meet the needs of a grow-
ing population, especially those in lower-
and middle-income groups. We are not get-
ting enough urban renewal and we are,
getting too much urban and suburban
sprawl.
To get more and better housing, to arrest
deterioration, wipe out slums and check
sprawl, the NHC proposes that the Federal
Government quickly approve vast new sums.
Toting up the rough amounts involved in
its proposals for expanded urban renewal,
low-rent housing, housing for the elderly,
A1289
improved rural and farm housing, we attain
a figure upward of $4 billion. A portion
would be in loans.
A nonspecialist in housing problems is
hardly equipped to question the wisdom of
NHC's figures as an ideal proposition.
What the outsider can question, however,
is how NHC President Nathaniel Keith and
NHC's resolutions committee can discusss
these proposals for 21 pages as if not one
single other claim on the Federal budget
existed.
It is recognized that better housing is just
part of a broad attack on poverty. But no-
where are housing's demands on the budget
put in a scale of priorities with such other
needs as job retraining, improved general
education, health, welfare, highways,
Nothing is said of the fact that we must
spend some $55 billion for defense and other
sums to aid our friends abroad.
Indeed, NHC says plainly that its proposed
bigger housing effort has a "first claim on
the resources of our economy." Many
Americans had thought that defense re-
quirements enjoy that preeminence.
NHC's goals are fine. But in stating them
flat out in a kind of political and economic
vacuum, the group has done just the easiest
part of the job.
Left to the political engineers who must
deal in realities is the task of scaling such
propositions to make them fit somewhere in
today's baffling array of competing demands.
Truth, Toughness Needed (n Cuba
HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I
wish to call to the attention of the House
an excellent editorial which appeared in
the Ashland Times-Gazette, Ashland,
Ohio, written by Robert Beer, publisher
of this independent daily newspaper. It
focuses attention on the growing grass-
roots sentiment regarding bungling pol-
icy in the Cuban situation.
I commend this fine editorial to all
of the Members of the House:
TRUTH, TOUGHNESS NEEAEO IN CUBA
When the arms buildup began in the
Florida Keys several months ago this writer
pledged to silence his criticism of President
Kennedy and to support him in his apparent
determination to avert another blunder such
as our chickenlivered failure to'back up the
Bay of Pigs attack. The chance of hot war
then became a calculated risk and, at last,
our country was to assert its responsibility
to its own people and to the other free na-
tions of the hemisphere.
So it seemed.
Fear of the possible consequences of such
a firm stand was smothered by a renewed
pride and confidence in ourselves and our
President.. The showdown was at hand-
the brave and noble move had been made-
someone would be obliged to either fight
or lose face before a world audience. Unity
among the Americas was at an historic
peak-more fierce and abiding than ever.
Now there would be a beginning of an end,
an end of 20 years on a powder keg
while one Republican and three Democratic
Presidents watched communism creep its
way like molten lava from the Kremlin to
the very shores of the United States. The
end was In sight.
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AJ290
6o it seemed.
CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD APPENDIX
press corps, the publishers of our Nation's
responst''le newspapers, nor a growing num-
ber of Members of Senate and House on both
sides of the aisles.
While Huntley and Brinkley chuckle about
the walking antics of the personable Pierre
Balinger-a man who this writer admires
and knows in a casual way-an accom-
pushed journalist with an impressive back-
[ ound for faithful dedication to the best
interests of the fourth estate-we wonder.
We wonder if it doesn't get awfully op-
pressive to be on the inside these days. We
wonder If even a stout fellow like the able
and redoubtable press secretary doesn't often
yearn to take a brisk bike Into the fresh,
open air.
In our opinion be has the most demand-
tng job In Washington.
It was Khrushchev who backed away. He
prdnised to withdraw his- service personnel
and arms from Cuba. Yes, there would be
inspection permitted to assure compliance
with this agreement. Yes, the process would
atsrt as soon as we relinquished our blockade
of the island. What a victory this was for
ails free countries and the true friends of
Ur}cIe Sam. Row plain it now was, that the
Red plan was based on bluff and arrogance,
hqw wonderful It was that the United States
of; America had regained its global prestige
d ea the acknowledged winner of a blood-
Ie s showndown. The insults and threats
uld be no more.
Bo it seemed.
iDisillusionment by reason of inaction and
be the abandonmentof our Guantanamo
1aval Base in return for an exodus of the
ussian guests? We anticipate with horror
headline "Castro Stays-Gitmo Goes."
For months the Cuban situation has rap-
!0y worsened. It was first dented that
'1,000 Russians occupied the island. Admin-
iaation word declared that the Red missiles
e gone, the launching sites destroyed,
evacuation an accomplished fact. the
tact With Russia honorably consummated,
d the situation again under our control.
(( This, we now know was utterly false and
eliberately misleading.
11 When the comptssionate and levelheaded
Bishop, John Knight, and other reputa-
le and distinguished observers have their
{craws full of managed news releases from
he White House it is time to take heed.
The Cuban refugees who were unlawfully
med by way of typical Kennedy family
anipulatiori swear that only a few of the
ally potent attack missiles left Cuba.
They maintain that more Russian troops
and service personnel are arriving every
week-that the huge assault weapons have
been transferred to island caves-that Cas-
tro is now a confirmed and powerless puppet.
Refugees are excitable; these reports may
i not be true.
Our Cursory inspection of the departing
ships of U.S.S.R. convinced the brains of
Washington that there was full compliance
With the arms withdrawal deal that Ken-
nedy made with Khrushchev. Indeed, were
not the tarps lifted on one or two of the
suggkstive missile silhouettes that were ob-
served on the decks of the Russian vessels?
Indeed Were not the portions of the cargo
thus exposed quite similar to the pictures
We have seen of Russian rocketry on parade
is the streets of Moscow?
Did we board the ships and verify these
assumptions? Did we lift the tarpaulin
sheathe from the other packages to see if
they covered real jet missiles or merely the
severed trunks of royal palm trees? Did we
inspect the caves, count the Russian guests
on the Island? Did we insist that Nikita
make good his bargain?
We did not.
Furthermore we are still relying on fuzzy
pictures made from hedgehopping U.S.
planes. We are told by way of the hood-
winked press that Such is adequate proof
that our doubts are unfounded. Incoming
shipments show no rocket contours on the
decks ? * - again reconnaissance photos,
we are told, Indicate that a bicckade or con-
tact inspection is unwarranted.
Why further provoke or irritate the touchy
and honorable Nikita? Why risk another
incident?
This editor Is not buying such custom-
tailored trash and neither is the Washington
Praise Given to Bureau of Land Man-
agement Administration in Colorado
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. WAYNE N. ASPINALL
or COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 4, 1963
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, people
generally, and Members of Congress in
particular, usually hear only the com-
plaints and criticism that are made
about Government agencies. The Bu-
reau of Land Management has been no
exception to this general rule.
As a welcome change, there has come
to my attention a resolution adopted at
the annual meeting of the Consolidated
Wool Growers of Western Colorado,
which was held at Hotchkiss, Colo. on
February 13, 1963, expressing apprecia-
tion to the Bureau of Land Management
for Its "very good work in administra-
tion of the sheep ranges in this district."
In bringing this matter to the atten-
tion of the House I would be remiss if I
did not mention In passing the coopera-
tive spirit that has been displayed by
Mr. Lowell M. Puckett, State Director of
the Bureau of Land Management. It is
a pleasure to acknowledge the coopera-
tion that Mr. Puckett has given to me
and to the people of Colorado.
I compliment the Consolidated Wool
Growers for their constructive action In
taking note of meritorious service and
I include the text of the resolution with
my remarks for the information of all
Members:
FinauAsr 13, 1963.
At the annual meeting of the Consoli-
dated Wool Growers of Western Colorado the
following resolution was passed.
This association wishes to express our ap-
preciation to the Bureau of Land Manage-
ment for their very good work in adminis-
tration of the sheep ranges in this district.
Their work In range Improvement Is notable.
The development of stock water, In clean-
ing of useless brush, In reseeding, in fenc-
ing along borders of allotments, and for
access roads add to practical management
which show results In Improvement of the
range.
Sheep growers know and feel that it is
time the public should know the land man-
agement is doing all possible within the
means they have to develops the potential
of public ranges. We feel that in the last
March 11
few years. the cooperative agreements have
resulted In Improved conditions.
Water development, in construction of
water ponds has eliminated wasted trailing.
The construction of dams has prevented
erosion.
The fencing program of the last few years
has increased better management and has
eliminated damaging, duplication of use.
We feel that intelligent training and prac-
tical application, and cooperation of users
are bringing good results.
Therefore this association wishes to thank
the land management and its officers and
pledge further cooperation.
D. W. MCINTI&E,
President.
Will Clayton Speaks Out Against
Cotton Controls
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. BOB CASEY
OF TEXAS
Hf THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Will L.
Clayton is well known throughout the
Nation for his distinguished service to
this country as former Under Secretary
of State for Economic Affairs and As-
sistant Secretary of Commerce. He is
known throughout the world for his
knowledge of the cotton business, as head
of he great international firm of Ander-
son & Clayton.
I think It would be well for those who
are endeavoring to manipulate the U.S.
cotton Industry to heed the recommenda-
tions contained in Mr. Clayton's brief
remarks before the National Cotton
Council in El Paso last January 28.
So that others interested in U.S.
cotton gaining Its rightful place in the
world market may have an opportunity
to read this distinguished statesman's
recommendations, I have the privilege of
inserting his remarks:
RzsAAxs Or W. L. CLAYTON AT THE 25TH AN-
NIIAL CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL COTTON
COUNCIL, EL PAso, TEx.. JAxvAaY 28. 1963
We are all indebted to Dr. Horne and to
Mr. McCord for their lucid exposition of the
critical danger the United States faces of
losing its raw cotton trade.
I have studied the council pamphlet of
September 1962, and I am in complete agree-
ment with Dr. Horn's conclusions, except I
go farther than he in fixing the responsi-
bility for this situation and in the steps that
must be taken to correct It.
To develop the points I wish to make, I
must take you back to an historic meeting I
attended in Washington in June 1933, al-
most 30 years ago.
This meeting was called by the Secretary
of Agriculture.
There were a`aout 100 men present, all In-
terested in some aspects of the cotton busi-
ness.
As I remember it, the telegram calling this
meeting was rather vague as to Its purpose,
but soon after the meeting opened, it was
apparent that its purpose was to get the
cotton trade to approve a decision already
made for t'-e Clover-went to pay farmers to
plow up every third row of the growing cot-
ton crop.
I spoke out against this with all the vigor
that I could command. I said if the Gov-
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 stretch and face up to their Pegu-Pyu dif-
ferences at a later date. Agency for Inter-
national Development officials want the
Pegu-Pyu stretch to follow whichever route
is found to be most economical and' tegh-
nically feasible.
MANDALAY-1960 (WITH APOLOGIES TO
RUDYARD KIPLINO)
By the Old Mulmein Pagoda, lookin' east-
ward to the sea,
There's a Burma project settin', and I doubt
it works for me.
But the White House says we've got to, and
the foreign echoes say
Come you back, you Yankee dollar, come you
back to Mandalay.
On the road to Mandalay,
Where the ICA'ers play,
Can't you hear their 'dozers
Rangoon to Mandalay?
On the.road to Mandalay
Just another giveaway
And the dough comes up like thunder from
the good old U.S.A.
Bargaining on Trial
EXTENSION, OF REMARKS
HON. RALPH HARVEY
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana, . Mr.-Speak-
or, under leave to extend my remarks
in the RECORD, I include the following
editorial from the Wall Street Journal
of March 6, 1963.
BARGAINING ON TRIAL
Labor Secretary Wirtz has let it be known
that, in his view, collective bargaining is on
trial. Labor and management face their
"last clear chance" to prove that they can
work things out by themselves. If they
don't, he strongly implies that the Govern-
ment stands ready to take over.
Looking around the Nation, it's not hard
to find evidence that collective bargaining
is indeed in trouble.. As Mr Grimes com-
mented on this page the other day, tradi-
tional bargaining procedures lately have
proved of little help in the airline, railroad,
aerospace, newspaper, and longshore indus-
tries.
How did bargaining get in such a bad way?
Why is there increasing talk that "some-
thing must be done" by Government?
Ironically a large part of the answer is
simply that Government has done so much
already. Washington proclaims proper wage
as well as price behavior. In purported de-
fense of the public interest, Government
officials roam the country intervening in
labor disputes. Their intervention comes
ever earlier, sometimes even before real bar-
gaining has had a chance to begin. And its
circle of interest grows ever wider, sweeping
in even the Metropolitan Opera.
The more the concept of public interest
has been twisted and expanded, the more
labor disputes become a matter of public
shouting rather than private bargaining. In-
creasingly, both sides see little reason for
flexibility in their dealings with each other.
Why should they try to work things out at
the bargaining table? The chances are the
Government will settle it anyway.
It's true that both sides can still resist
Government pressure up to a point. Thus
the railway clerks on the Southern Pacific, In
their eagerness to preserve featherbedding.
feel free to ignore the findings of a Presi-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1285
York printers' union, denounced by the Pres-
ident, blandly replies that Mr. Kennedy was
misinformed.
After all, they have before them the in-
terestinq precedent of the longshoremen.
When tile dockworkers resisted Federal pres-
sure, the Government turned on the employ-
ers and in effect forced them to accept a set-
tlement. A settlement, in fact, that went be-
yond the Government's own wage guide-
lines.
So it is hardly surprising that the Gov-
ernment, as well as the would-be bargainers,
feels a growing sense of frustration. It has
stepped in too far and yet the only answer
it sees is to get in even deeper. Unless, of
course, those directly concerned with collec-
tive bargaining should somehow overcome
all the Government-imposed obstacles, pull
themselves together and.regain mastery of
their own affairs.
The chances for any such development, in
the current circumstances, are dim. For
collective bargaining, even before the Gov-
ernment stepped up its intervention, was
being called on to accomplish too much. A
labor official quoted by Mr. Grimes put it
this way: "Collective bargaining was in-
tended to handle specific problems between
a specific company and a specific union."
Where- those conditions still prevail, labor
relations are often excellent.
But even a cursory glance at today's
America will show how far bargaining gen-
erally has departed from the original con-
cept. With their explicit exemption from
antimonopoly laws, labor unions over the
years have steadily expanded the area of
bargaining to a point where negotiators are
called upon to set wages and working con-
ditions for employees in a wide variety of
plants in a variety of geographical areas,
often located throughout the country.
Is this request entirely reasonable? The
head of the Steelworkers Union admits to
being out of touch with the real wishes of
the rank and file, and other national union
leaders cannot be much better informed.
Yet, on their distant reading of the needs
of their members, national unions now can
and do close down not just a few plants
but whole industries.
In this situation, it is no solution to take
the process of wage determination still an-
other long step away from the workers-to
entrust the problem to government. That
way lies the road to complete economic regi-
mentation, a regimentation that could hard-
ly be expected to stop with wages. Surely
it would make more sense to head in the op-
posite direction, to try to bring about local
bargaining in local plants over local issues.
If collective bargaining is indeed on trial,
it is government that has largely put it
there. And government also must stand in
the dock.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
F
HON. CLINTON P. ANDERSON
matter is long overdue. That is the
central point of a statement by the AFL-
CIO Executive Council published on
February 26, 1963.
I ask unanimous consent that this
statement be printed in the Appendix of
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT BY THE AFL-CIO EXECUTIVE
COUNCIL ON THE PRESIDENT'S SPECIAL MES-
SAGE ON AIDING SENIOR CITIZENS, FEBRUARY
26, 1963
For the first time in our history the Presi-
dent of the United States has sent to the
Congress a special message on the problems
of the aged and aging. The President's pro-
gram recognizes with fresh perspective and
clear vision that old age need not be char-
acterized by anguish, fear and insecurity,
that the phrase "the golden years" can in-
deed become a reality for millions of more
Americans, and that the Federal Government
has an important role in helping States,
local communities, and individual families
in bringing this about.
Of course, the first and foremost priority
is hospital insurance. As the President so
eloquently stated: "A proud and resourceful
Nation can no longer ask its older people
to live in constant fear of a serious illness
for which adequate funds are not available.
We owe them the right of dignity in sickness
as well as in health. We can achieve this
by adding health insurance-primarily hos-
pitalization insurance-to our successful
social security system."
The AFL-CIO has called for the enactment
of health insurance for the aged through
social security and railroad retirement for
some years past. Since our early support of
such legislation we have witnessed an in-
creasing recognition of the need for action,
we have seen legislative proposals revised and
modified and we have watched the support
of thoughtful citizens and responsible orga-
nizations strengthen and grow: In the devel-
opment of the last. several years, these facts
stand out:
(1) The aged need health insurance:
Health insurance has become the accepted
way of paying hospital and other large health
bills for the majority of Americans. The
increased medical needs that come with old
age make payment of major health costs at
the time of illness utterly impractical for
those living on a retirement income. Health
insurance for the aged is imperative.
(2) The type of insurance the aged need
most Is hospital insurance: The greatest
health expenses during old age are associated
with hospitalization. A program of benefits
emphasizing hospitalization and nursing
home care is the most appropriate program
for meeting the most urgent needs of the vast
majority of the aged.
(3) The only practical way to finance hos-
pital insurance for the aged is based on the
social security principle, with benefits: For
those people who are not now covered by
social security or railroad retirement fi-
nanced out of general revenues. Our social
of NEW MEXICO security system is today serving many mil-
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES lions of Americans in protecting them
Monday, March 11, 1963 against loss of income through retirement,
disability, or death. Beneficiaries have
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, earned this protection through contributions
President Kennedy recently submitted made during their working lives. Social Se-
to Congress his recommendation that a curity must be extended to protect people
basic program of hospital insurance for against the fourth major threat, the high
the aged be provided for Americans 65 cost of hospital and related care. Social in-
surance, enabling people to contribute while
and over primarily through the social they are working toward benefits which they
security system. Thirty-five Senators receive as a matter of right at the time of
joined me in introducing the Hospital retirement is far superior to a welfare pro-
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A1286 CONGRESSIONAL. 'RUCOAD = APPENDIX March 11
gram. Social insurance prevents poverty
and preserves dignity.
(4) Public welfare medical assistance is
only acceptable as a second line of defense:
While public assistance medical can can-
not substitute for social insurance, it can
function as a supplement to the basic hoe-
pitalization program of social security, just
as old-age assistance has supplemented the
OASDI system for a quarter of a century.
The President answered well those who
would rely solely on welfare medical pro-
grams instead of social security financed in-
surance when he so aptly pointed to the
weakness of welfare medical assistance as
helping people to get health care "only If
they first accept poverty and then accept
charity."
(5) Private insurance can make a major
contribution by supplementing the basic
hospitalization plan. We can expect private
insurance greatly to expand as it supple-
ments basic hospitalization coverage through
social security just as other private insur-
ance grew after the passage of the original
Social Security Act.
(6) The time for action is now. We call
upon the Congress of the United States to
enact a program of hospital Insurance for
the aged through social security and rail-
road retirement at this session. Although
irresponsible opposition has done all it can
to confuse the American people about the
Issues at stake, the vast majority of Ameri-
cans young and old, can see through the
sloganeering and were tactics, and will sup-
port with enthusiasm the prompt enactment
of the administration's-sound, practical pro-
posal of hospital insurance for the aged.
While the problem of providing hospital
insurance for the aged supersedes all other
matters that would improve the lot of the
older members of our families, we cannot
overlook the special needs of the aged In the
areas of housing, income, employment taxes
and special facilities and services. We con-
gratulate the administration on the scope
of its program for our older citizens and urge
the Congress to implement It with prompt
action.
Cuban Caves
ION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG
or MxcnIQAR
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, for
some weeks now there have been con-
flicting claims about a Soviet military
buildup in Cuba.
In an effort to shed light on this sub-
ject, my distinguished colleague from
New Hampshire [Mr. CLmLANDI made
a statement on the House floor Febru-
ary 28. This statement largely con-
sisted of material obtained from the
Legislative Reference Service concern-
ing the numbers and sizes of Cuban
caves. The Information obtained was
fragmentary and Incomplete.
On March 8, 1963, the Chicago Tribune
carried the following story on page 3:
SCANT DATA AVAILABLE IN UNITED STATES oN
CUBAN CAVES
WASHINGTON, March 7.-Little public in-
formation Is available about the thousands
of underground caverns in Cuba. some of
them of vast size, where Russian troops are
reported to be storing large amounts of mili-
tary equipment and supplies.
It is known, however, that some are a
half-mile long, with arching roofs as high as
a skyscraper, the ground dry, and the tem-
perature even, capable of storing the biggest
missiles and jet bombers, as well as tanks
and artillery of leaser size.
Representative JAMES C. CLEVELAND, Re-
publican, of New Hampshire, has placed in
the CONGRESSIONAL RxcoaD a report on the
Cuban eaves which he solicited from the Li-
brary of Congress. The report cited some
published references to the caves it found in
library flies but it conceded that informa-
tion was scarce.
NO SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE
The US. Geological Survey, for example,
told the library researchers that it had no
specific knowledge of the number and sizes
of the caves.
This same lack of information apparently
extends to the highest intelligence officers.
When Maj. Gen. Alva R. Fitch, the Army's
Chief of intelligence, told Senate investiga-
tore yesterday of Russian activity indicating
underground storage of weapons, his pre-
pared statement first asserted: "There are
several hundred caves in Cuba" "Hundreds"
was later scratched out and "thousands"
substituted.
NOT ALL REMOVED
Fitch noted persistent reports from refu-
gees that not all long-range missiles had
been removed from Cuba after the Russian
agreement of last October 27. However, he
indorsed the official administration position
which expressed the "belief" that the Rus-
sians have removed all strategic missiles.
The refugee reports contend that 88 medi-
um-range (1.600 miles) missiles were sent to
Cuba and that only 42 were withdrawn last
foal. The remaining 46 are underground,
they assert.
Such missiles easily could be hidden In
Cuba's caves, Representative CLEvELAND
noted. The Library of Congress reported
some studies of the caves in Spanish publi-
cations, most of them, however, describing
explorations and pictographs found on the
wails. One of these was a century-old "guide
to the cave of Befamar," on the San Juan
River near Mantanzas Bay.
CLEVELAND said this lack of accurate In-
formation concerning the number and loca-
tion of Cuba's caves was distressing.
"It seems obvious." he saiii, "that we
should have collected this information. For
more than 50 years prior to the Castro take-
over we had freedom to acquire this in-
formation. Our information-gathering pro-
grams have lacked selectivity and Impetus"
The gentleman from New Hampshire
has diligently pursued his research on
Cuban caves. On March 9, the Man-
chester Union-Leader published the fol-
lowing article on page 1:
CLEVELAND ASKS DATA ON CUBAN CAVE NET-
WORK
WAsHINGTON.-A Congressman suggested
Friday that it anyone has information on
Cuban caves and their weapon-storage capa-
bilities be should forward It to the Library
of Congress.
Representative JAMES C. CLEVELAND, Re-
publican. of New Hampshire, said such data
might help the Defense Department and con-
gressional committees. He noted that the
Army's chief Intelligence officer told the Sen-
ate Armed Services Committee Thursday that
Cuban caves may hide Soviet weapons.
More than a week ago CLavxiAND told the
House there apparently is little accurate in-
formation on the size, number or location of
Cuba's caves.
"For more than 50 years prior to the Castro
takeover," CLEVELAND said, "we had freedom
to acquire this information. All of this sug-
gests our information-gathering programs in
the past have lacked selectivity and impetus"
I am pleased to report that informa-
tion is already being received by the Li-
brary of Congress.
I wish to applaud the nonpartisan
efforts of the gentleman from New
Hampshire. He has taken the time and
trouble to help Congress obtain sorely
needed background information on a
matter of importance to all Americans.
Old-Age Care and the Public Purse
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
HON. MILWARD' L. SIMPSON
OF WYOMING
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, March 11, 1963
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, on
February 25 I arose to praise an action
of Wyoming's State Legislature in imple-
menting the Kerr-Mills medical care
bill. I now ask unanimous consent to
enter in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a
newspaper article on that same subject
by the distinguished columnist, Holmes
Alexander.
Mr. Alexander has noted Wyoming's
action in becoming the 28th State to
provide medical care for Its aged under
the Joint Federal-State aegis of the Kerr-
Mills act.
His comments' pay tribute both to
Wyoming's State government and the
laudability of the Kerr-Mills program.
I ask that they be printed in today's
RECORD as further evidence of Joint co-
operation in meeting the needs of senior
citizens through voluntary, economically
sound programs managed by State gov-
ernments.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed In the RECORD,
as follows:
OLD-AGE CARE AND-THE PUBLIC PURSE
(By Holmes Alexander)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-By the act of its cur-
rent legislature, Wyoming becomes the 28th
State to provide medical care for its aged
under the Kerr-Mills Act by which the Fed-
eral Government matches State funds.
Although the bill passed the Wyoming
House, 39 to 10, and passed the Senate,
27 to 0, the lawmakers are not happy about
It. Neither is the Wyoming press. Every-
body concerned seems to feel that the prob-
lem Is bigger than the solution, that the
new act is helpful and necessary, but in-
sufficient and imperfect.
All Americans of conscience, I surmise,
wish that more could be done for the needy
aged. It is a compassion that does the Na-
tion credit, but it should not load us with a
guilt complex that can be exploited by the
bureau builders and denigraters of this
greathearted land.
Old age is a natural law, an act of God,
which cannot be repealed by human legisla-
tures. The best that mortals in a self-gov-
erning society can do is insure that old per-
sons In need are given medical aid which
they, their communities, and their families
are not willing or able to provide.
It Is equally necessary for State and Fed-
eral Governments to keep their guards up
against chicanery and freeloading. Welfare
racketeering has become a scandal. There
are brigands who raid the public treasury
behind masks of demagoguery. There are
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3753
basis of this figure of 10,000 formally or there was a growth in sentiment to abolish and students, some were American security
technically enrolled members. the Un-American Activities Committee. But personnel; but that even discounting as
Thereafter in this speech, Mr. MCNa- he cited recent House votes to show the much as 25 percent there were still a good
committee was in no danger of being many thousands of Americans reading the
mara stated that on the basis of reports abolished. party line every week or month.
filed with the Post Office Department Granted his calm, analytical talk was not
just three Communist publications which The first Washington Post editorial, a "sensational" one, but it was warmly ap-
could be described as "hard-core"-The based on this false news story, appeared plauded by YAF members in search of the
Worker, People's World, and National March 6. It was as follows: truth find in-thewhich, Washington Post unfortunately, the they next did not
morn-
Guardian-had a combined average paid SEEING REDS ing.
circulation per issue of about 50,000 dur- Francis J. McNamara, the staff director of VERNON W. HOLLEMAN, Jr.
ing the year ending October 1961. that remarkable research organization, the
Mr. McNamara pointed out that dur- House Un-American Activities Committe, let The editorial of apology-acknowledg-
ing the same period, domestic foreign- it be known recently that there are 700,000 ing, in effect, that the distortion in the
language publications which have been to 800,000 Communists in the United States. news report and the admitted bias,
This is in rather striking contrast to assere venom, and irresponsibility of the early
officially cited as Communist had a cir- tions by J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the editorial were to much even for the
culation of about 46,000 and publications Federal Bureau of Investigation, that the
of unions which have been found to be communist Party reached a top strength of Washington Post to attempt to defend-
Communist-controlled and expelled from 80,000 in 1944, has declined every year since was carried this morning. It reads as
the CIO as such, a circulation of about then and nosedived in 1961 to between 8,000 follows:
and 10,000. SEEING RED FACES
t The combined circulation Before anyone gets excited and starts talk-
thhese these various categories of A letter from Vernon W. Holleman., as-
- ing about tossing Mr. Hoover out of his job appearing elsewhere on this page today as-
he added, is roughly 250,000. as an incompetent, It might be worth while serts that the Washington Post did an in-
He said that in estimating readership to look critically at Mr. McNamara's com- justice to Francis McNamara, staff director
on the generally accepted ratio of three putations. He said he arrived at his estimate of the House Un-American Activities Com-
persons per publication, it would appear by totaling the circulation of all publications mittee, in reporting a recent speech by him.
that between 700,000 and 800,000 persons officially cited as subversive and tripling this A subsequent editorial, Seeing Reds, based
in this country regularly read either number in accordance with the usual adver- on the news story, compounded the in-
hard-core party literature or party-line tising hypothesis that there are three read- justice. Inquiry has satisfied us that the
ers for every subscriber. news story and the editorial were mistaken
publications. Estimates of this kind used to be arrived in imputing to Mr. McNamara the implica-
Mr. McNamara further qualified his at, somewhat haphazardly, by looking at tea tion that all readers of Communist publica-
estimate with the statement that this is leaves or examining the entrails of sheep or tions are Communists. We genuinely regret
not to be considered a gage of Com- multiplying the ambyranth of Q by the co- the imputation and the derisory tone of our
munist strength because many paid sub- efficient of means square contingencies. But editorial comment concerning it, and we
scriptions to these publications are ac- there was always an element of error in such tender to Mr. McNamara an unequivocal
counted for by Government security calculations; and anyway the Communists apology.
agencies and anti-Communist organiza- kept complaining that they were being un- (Mr. JOHANSEN asked and was given
tions and individuals, and also by the derestimated. Mr. McNamara's method is
fact that many Communists and fellow much more scientific. Naturally it costs a permission to revise and extend his re-
little
would obviously subscribe to little more money. This, evidently, is why marks and to include a news story from
the House of Representatives last week the Washington Post, two editorials from
more than one Communist or party-line voted, 385 to 20, to give the House^Un-Ameri_ the Washington Post, and a letter to the
20
And Mr. McNamara conciuaea that scientinc investigations this year. lice
even if as much as 25 percent was to be dissenters seem content to hobble along with,.
deducted from the total for these types that old-fashioned FBI. CUBA, REFUGEE SITUATION
of readership, we are still faced with the Meanwhile, 2 days prior to the appear- ` -' ePEAKER pro tempore. Under
fact that several hundred thousand peo- ante of this editorial, the following letter previous order of the House, the gentle-
ple in this country are apparently sym- to the editor of the Washington Post was man from Florida [Mr. PEPPER) is recog-
pathetic readers of hard-core and party- mailed by Mr. Vernon W. Holleman, Jr., nized for 10 minutes.
line propaganda. - chairman, Metropolitan Washington Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, today I
From the foregoing, Mr. McNamara chapter of Young Americans for Free- have introduced in the House the follow-
offered the valid observation that it dom, protesting the distorted news re- ing resolution as a declaration of the
would be obviously unrealistic to judge port. sense of this House:
the totality of Communist strength and This letter was published in this morn- Resolved by the House of Representatives
influence in this country by the figure ing's Washington Post, in the "Letters to of the Congress of the United States, That it
of 10,000 members. the Editor"column adjoining the edito- is the sense of the House that the entry of
Under leave to extend and revise my rial of retraction and apology, and is as Soviet armed forces into Cuba was and the
remarks, I enclose at this point the follows: continued presence of such Soviet armed
forces. in Cuba is a violation of the Monroe
Washington Post news report on this COMMUNISTS IN THE UNITED STATES Doctrine and a menace to the security of the
speech, published the next day, March 1: The headline and lead paragraphs of your United States; that the entry of such armed
OVER 700,000 REDS BELIEVED IN UNITED STATES March 1 report about the February meeting forces into Cuba was and the continued
Francis J. McNamara, staff director of the of the Metropolitan Washington Council of presence there is in violation of the prin-
House Committee on Un-American Activities, Young Americans for Freedom were com- ciples of the Organization of American States
said last night there was reason to believe Pletely false and grievously misleading. You and a menace to the security of all the
there are 700,000 to 800,000 Communists in quoted Francis McNamara, staff director of American States; that the entry of Soviet
the United States. the House Committee on Un-American Activ- armed forces into Cuba was and the con-
McNamara said he arrived at these figures sties, as asserting there is reason to believe tinued presence of such forces in Cuba is in
by totaling the circulation of publications that there are "700,000 to 800,000 Commu- violation of the Charter of the United Na-
officially cited as subversive and then triting nists in the United States." tions because the presence of such armed
this number. This is not the truth and it is not what forces in Cuba constitutes a threat to the
the number in line with stand- Mr. McNamara said at the meeting. What he peace of the world:
He tripled d advertising did say was that there are approximately Wherefore the Government of the United
and atriple g practice, i which estimates people in this country who subscribe States, in such manner as the President shall
there are three readers for every copy, he said. to Communist publications like the Sunday determine, should call upon the Organiza-
McNamara admitted this method was Worker, foreign-language pro-Soviet publica- tion of American States and the United Na-
vague and nebulous and said the committee tions, Communist-front publications, and tions to join the United States in a demand
did not know for sure the exact number of party-line publications. ? that the Soviet Union shall forthwith re-
Communists in the United States. Taking the normal ratio of 3 readers move all of its armed force from Cuba.
He pointed out, however, that the figure for 1 subscriber he estimated that the I have also introduced the following
of 10,000 generally cited as the total of readership of hard-core Communist publica- joint resolution having to do with the
registered Communists, was misleading. tions, plus those who read general party-line
Addressing a meeting of the Metropolitan material, totaled about 750,000. Mr. McNa- resettlement forthwith of the excess of
Washington Council of Young Americans mara emphasized that some of these readers Cuban refugees now living in Dade
for Freedom, McNamara acknowledged that were anti-Communist, some were teachers County, Fla., which includes my district:
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37M CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
.Toni RzsoLuTioN To PEOVI-E FOR TIE ESTAD-
AMMM" OF A COMMISSION 029 CUBM
AW"M
SET TITLE
SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the
"Cuban Refugee Commission Act".
EETABLIBnMFNT OF COMMISSION on CIJEAN
EarvcEZa
Sac. 2. (a) There Is hereby established a
commission to be known as the Commission
on Cuban Refugees (hereinafter referred to
as the "Commission").
(b) The Commission shall be composed of
the Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secre-
tary of Commerce. The Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare shall serve as Chair-
man.
(c) The members of the Commission shall
serve Without compensation in addition to
the compensation for their services as head
of a department, but they shall be reim-
bursed for travel, subsistence, and other
necessary expenses incurred by them in the
performance of the duties of the Commis-
sion.,
(d) The Commission may utilize the facili-
ties and personnel of the departments under
the respective jurisdictions of the mergbers
of the Commission.
Duties of the commission
Sac. S. (a) The Commission shall establish,
t operate, and maintain a program for the
f orderly relocation of refugees from Cuba from
the Dade- County, Florida, area to such other
areas within the United States as may be
appropriate. Such program shall be con-
ducted with due regard to the job oppor-
tunities, housing facilities, public educa-
tional facilities, and other pertinent factors
existing in each relocation, area to the end
that an excessive burden shall not be placed
on any one relocation area.
(b) The Commission shall initiate and
conduct a study, on a continuing basis, of
the respective problems involved in the re-
location and resettlement within the United
States of refugees from Cuba. Such study
shall devote particular attention to the eco-
nomic and social factors Involved in such
relocation and resettlement with particular
reference to job opportunities, housing fa-
cilities, educational fac111tiCS, and oppor-
tunities and facilities In general for adap%-
tion of such refugees in each relocation and
resettlement area to the way of life in the
United States. The Commission shall sub-
mit an annual report to the President for
presentation to the Congress of the results
of such continuing study together with such
recommendations as the Commission deems
advisable.
SEC. 4. There is hereby authorized to be
appropriated annually to the Commission, to
remain available until expended, such sums
(not to exceed the amount of $25,000,000 an-
nually) as may be necessary to carry out the
purposes of this Act.
Mr. Speaker, I believe that those who
have criticism to offer about the present
threatening and disturbing situation in
Cuba owe It to the country to try to do
something constructive or to offer criti-
cism which will be helpful in the solution
of the grievous burdens respecting that
unhappy island which our President now
has to bear. We all know the awesome
responsibility the President has had to
bear to meet the challenge of commu-
nistic imperialism In Cuba and to re-
move from power In the unhappy island
of Cuba that creature whose regime has
been the source of aggression and sub-
version against all the American States.
The President deserves the oommenda-
tion of the country indeed he has re-
celved the acclaim of the Nation-for
the courageous and effective manner in
which heconfronted aggressive commu-
nistic imperialism in Cuba and forth-
with required before the observing eyes
of the world the removal of the offensive
missiles and planes which constituted a
dangerous threat to the safety of the
American people. And the President
has received and continues to enjoy the
gratification of the country that he is
steadily bringing about the removal of
Soviet armed forces from Cuba and in
his announced determination that the
remainder of such forces shall be with-
drawn as the spearhead of communistic
Imperialism In the Western Hemisphere.
But the coming of such Soviet Armed
Forces Into Cuba and their continued
presence In Cuba is a matter of concern
not only to the United States, but to
every State in the Western Hemisphere
and to every peace-loving nation in the
world. Such forces strengthen the hand
of communistic subversion and aggres-
sion in the Western World; they consti-
tute a dire menace and threat to the
security of every American state; their
presence in Cuba constitutes a distinct
and dangerous threat to the peace of the
world. That is the reason, Mr. Speaker,
I have Introduced today a resolution ex-
pressing the sense of this House that the
Government of the United States in such
manner as the President should deter-
mine should call upon the Organization
of the American States and the United
Nations to join us in a demand that the
Soviet Union forthwith remove all of Its
remaining armed forces from the island
of Cuba. The added strength, of the
Organization of American States and the
United Nations to our own demand will
give It greater force and power and abate
the breach of the Monroe Doctrine, the
breach of the principles of the Organ-
ization of American States and the
breach of the United Nations Charter
which theirpresencein Cuba constitutes.
Mr. Speaker, on the first day this House
met in the 88th Congress, I introduced
a resolution declaring It to be the sense
of this House, among other things, "that
the fair Isle of Cuba must and shall be
freed of the curse of Castro and com-
munism " I have been assured ajl.ear)y
hearing by the subcommittee of the
House Foreign Affairs Committee upon
this resolution. It does not attempt to
prescribe for the President of the United
States the method by which this high
purpose shall be achieved but it does un-
reservedly and Irrevocably decWre the
sentiment of the Congress of the United
States that Castro and communism must
go from Cuba and that we shall never
falter in our det rrminatinn that this
isle formerly called the jewel of the Car-
ribean shall be freed of this curse and
the Western Hemisphere of this menace.
I am sure when our President speaks
shortly in Costa Rica among those most
endangered by the threat of Castro and
commussm from Cuba he will spell out
many ways by which the American
States can cooperate with other freedom-
loving and peace-loving nations of the
world in eradicating Castro and com-
uiusim ffnm Cuba. It would seem tome
that other of the American States
March iX
would wish to break all diplomatic rela-
tions with Cuba as the United States
has done; close their ports to Cuban
ships and Cuban exports; require the
closing of all Cuban embassies, minis-
teries and consulates In the respective
American countries to stop them from
continuing to function as hot beds and
spawning grounds of communistic ag-
gression and subversion in the several
American States; that the several Latin
American nations should cooperate
more closely with the United States in
the coordination of their political, eco-
nomic and military policies respecting
Cuba as long as Castro's or any Com-
munist government shall be in power;
that the United States should also call
upon all friendly states everywhere in
the world to stop commerce with Castro
or communistic Cuba and if such states
persist in giving aid, strength, and com-
fort to our enemy in Cuba that we
should advise them that neither their
ships nor their commerce can enter the
United States; that we should not ex-
tend economic assistance or cooperation
even through international financial in-
stitutions to states which manifest that
they prefer the friendship of Castro and
communistic Cuba to that of the United
States. I know we can depend upon
our President to do what Is the best
thing to accomplish the objective upon
which we are all united to free Cuba,
the Western Hemisphere and the free
world from the curse of Castro and
communism and to remove the bridge-
head of commuistic imperialistic ag-
gression from the Western Hemisphere.
Mr. Speaker, Castro and communistic
tyranny In Cuba have brought to Dade
County, Fla., some 200,000 Cuban refu-
gees fleeing from communistic terror;
many already robbed of all their posses-
sions before they departed, others giving
up everything they had in order to
breathe the air of freedom in America.
Our Government has willingly and gladly
given sanctuary to these exiles from
communistic persecution and horror;
more than that we have been glad and
proud to give them succor and sustenance
in our country; we have extended to them
the hand of fellowship in freedom and
given them words of encouragement that
we shall hasten the day when they may
return to a free Cuba again. But, Mr.
Speaker, the congregation of over 200,000
of these refugees in Dade County has im-
posed a very serious economic burden
upon the people of our county. In spite
of the some $70 million a year the Federal
Government has given for the sustenance
and care and education of the children
of these refugees, they still have felt it
necessary in order to enjoy a higher level
of living or subsistence than the funds
federally provided enable them to enjoy
to go into our economy and take by re-
sponsible estimate some 30,000 jobs. We
already had a labor surplus in Dade
County. It is inevitable that the refu-
gees willing to work at almost any wage
have not only taken the jobs of many of
our local citizens, but have lowered the
wage scale for all of the people who work
in our county. I wish we had jobs
enough for our people and a surplus ad-
equate to meet the needs of the refugees.
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I have, striv
n in ever,r, way I could missile operation clearly had ulterior pur- However,' the Soviet Union is certainly
e
to Induce the Federal pavernment to poses. preparing the elimination of Castro at the
help us to o provide more jobs in Dade 'The Soviet Union in Cuba is faced with a opportune moment, namely when it becomes
County; t provide funds o assure Fed- variety of problems, but the Cuban thorn in either convenient or unavoidably necessary.
the Soviet foot is Castro himself. He is prob- This would probably be accomplished by one
eral participation in Interama which ably not more popular in the Kremlin than of two techniques: (1) a connived military
would immediately pr.w_ ?.e thousands in the White House. Impossible to get along coup by trusted elements of the Cuban Army
of additional jobs for the people of our with, it has so far been impossible for the and militia, or (2) to have Castro suddenly
county; to aid us in getting defense Kremlin to get along without him. and officially declared insane, to which an
contracts for which we are-in so many 'Soviet armed forces are in Cuba neither element of plausibility would not be lacking.
t
o attack the United States nor to defend Then Castro would be immediately incar-
ways so much suited; to decjare us eligi-
ble for the benefits of the area redevelop- Cuba against the United States. They are cerated in padded luxury on the shores of
ana otnerwise? we are. striving to get Monolithic communism exists only when
space-age industries located in Dade,_ sheltered by Red bayonets. This explains
County, a natural and highly desirable why Soviet garrisons were established in the
location for them; we have labored to
increase social security benefi s, welfare
assistance, educational aid and, in short,
we have been trying, in every way we
could to assist our people in the hope
that after our own, citizens had gainful
employment of suitable character there
would be a surplus of jobs for the Cuban
refugees. But we have not yet reached
that point.
. The Federal Government has not yet
given us the assistance which we feel we
are entitled to receive in giving jobs to
the unemployed among our own citizens
let alone the refugees, We are continu-
ing to struggle to achieve this end. But
meanwhile, thoueands of our people are
out of work, many of them having had
their jobs taken by Cuban refugees.
Until we can provide enough jobs for our
own people and a surplus for the ref-
ugees, it is imperative that we immedi-
ately institute :a resettlement program
which will remove to other parts of
America-which, I am sure, will also hos-
pitably receive them-the surplus refu-
gees beyond our ability to absorb them
in jobs not required by our local people.
The agencies have been working upon
the problem, but too little has been
done and what has been done .has been
done too late. Accordingly, I have to-
day introduced a resoultion to set up a
high level Cabinet committee to insti-
tute and immediately to effectuate a
resettlement program for the Cuban
refugees which will relieve this excessive
burden and pressure upon our own
people. I hope the Congress will take
prompt action upon this resolution and
give our people the relief to which we
have been,long entitled and avoid an
unhappy increase in tension which has
grown up in Dade County, between our
displaced citizens and the Cuban gees on account of .t fir iiattral effort
to better themselves above, the level of
bare subsistence almost which, the boun-
ty of our Government provides.
Mr. Speaker, before I conclude, I want
to commend to every Member of this
House and thee Congress a, letter entitled
"A cQmmun}o, tiappearing in the
Sunday Marc 16issue of the Washing-
ton Post by the Honorable John C. Wiley,
former Ambassador of the United States
to Columbia, Iran, Portugal, and Pana-
ma, and who, though in retirement, re-
mains an able and wise counselor of his
country,
-" - A tIOMMTNICATION
The public parade of Soviet missiles into
tuba and the complacently public parade of
the same n[iisslles out of Cuba appear too
obvious for a simple explanation. The Soviet
before the takeover. It also explains the
successful rejection by China, Yugoslavia,
and Albania of the primacy of the Kremlin.
The first schismatic was Trotsky. A
refugee in a foreign country, armed only
with ideas, he was easily disposed of. Mao
Tse-tung is no Trotsky. His elimination,
were it possible, would not close the chasm
with China. Mao represents a massive, or-
ganized movement in a great country. When
he disappears from the scene his cadres will
survive.
.But can the Soviet garrisons in Cuba in
this late date successfully. impose the Krem-
lin's authority in a remote island under a
native leader, a self-anointed Communist
and domineering authoritarian who achieved
power, like Mao and Tito, without active
Soviet assistance?
-In Cuba, Soviet authority is, of course,
great but it is limited. It has long been
clear to Moscow that Castro has quietly be-
come the ally of Mao, Throughout Latin
America, the young, fiery Communists are
much more attracted by the revolutionary
afdor of both Mao and Castro than by, to
them, the staid coexistence of Khrushchev.
True, Castro's Cuba is dependent on the
Soviet Union for desperately needed eco-
nomic aid and for arms, munitions and mili-
tary support. In this area, Mao Tse-tung
can neither" rep lace nor compete with Khru-
shchev, but at the same time, Moscow can-,
not prevent the covert financing of Castro-
isin by China and the clandestine collabora-
tion of Castro with Mao throughout Latin
America.
Effective foreign policy is based on altern-
ative courses of action. This is a principle
followed by the Soviet Union as demon-
strated over long years by frequent zigzags.
What alternative policies can the Kremlin
pursue toward Castro; what" zigs and which
zaks
bnly three alternatives seem to exist. The
"first would be for the Soviet Union to wash
'its hands of the whole Cuban affair. This
is obviously out of the question, if only for
compelling reasons of prestige. The second
alternative would be for the Soviet Union
and Communist China- to divide the world
into two noncompetitive geographical
spheres of influence. Such a pact would
be difficult to negotiate and still more difficult
to carry out. Neither could trust the other.
The third alternative is draconian, the harsh
decision to eliminate Castro and replace him
with someone subject to monolithic Krem-
ainR discipline. This move is doubtless the
only feasible choice, but it is one that re-
quires subtle and careful preparation and
great operational skill.
'The elimination of Castro would not be
foreign to Soviet procedures but it would
the Caspian.
Hopes rampant among Cuban refugees that
disaffection in the Cuban armed forces
will lead to the overthrow of Castroism are
as illusory as the conception that led to the
fiasco of the Bay of Pigs. Without a sim-
ultaneous invasion by the United States, any
anti-Castro initiative within Cuba, not con-
trived by the Kremlin, could and would be
quickly suppressed.
But what about the Soviet missile bases
in Cuba? Surely Khrushchev did not need
missile bases within Cuba itself in order to
keep Castro in line.
Obviously not, but they have served as a
supremely astute stratagem with Castro for
the Introduction of Soviet armed forces into
Cuba, not merely forces to defend the Com-
munist regime against internal disaffection,
but primarily to deal with Castro whenever
desirable or necessary.
The missile bases in Cuba were indeed a
magnificent multipurpose example of Soviet
guile. They were a tit for the tat of Ameri-
can missile bases on the very fringes of Rus-
sia. Moreover, in addition to their intrinsic
military value, they constituted excellent
bargaining pawns for the removal of our
bases from Italy and Turkey. And whether
the missiles introduced into and removed
from Cuba were genuine or Potemken stage
settings, they were excellent weapons for
psychological (political) warfare. Now, the
only effective opposition to Castro in Cuba is
the Soviet Union itself. In any event, Khru-
shchev deserves credit for having perpetrated
the most brilliant stroke of international chi-
cane of the of the present century.
The Soviet Union continues to threaten
war on the American mainland if the United
States attacks Cuba. This is putting dry
froth on stale beer. The Soviet Union knows
perfectly well that the United States has no
intention of attacking Cuba, just as we know
perfectly well that the Soviet Union has no
intention of attacking us with nuclear
weapons should we do so. However, there is
always the dangerous possibility that Amer-
ican activities with regard to Cuba might
help to incite the old, perhaps compulsive
urge of the messianic Russians to seek new
pastures-pastures and warm waters-and
serve as a precedent for so doing. This pos-
sibility has not been diminished by develop-
ments in Iraq and Yemen.
Middle East petroleum, or rather the threat
of its denial to the West, could easily press
the button of the holocaust. Under existing -
circumstances, Cuba does not involve the
vital interests of any, except the Cubans
themselves. On the other hand, the Middle
East touches the vital interests of many. A
cradle of civilization, it could be its deathbed.
JOHN C. WILEY,
Former Ambassador to Colombia, Iran,
Portugal, and Panama, who retired
from the Foreign Service in 1056.
now be premature. First, Castro is still an UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING
asset internally in Cuba and his departure AND SERVICE ACT
might precipitate the open break with Peip- (Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of
1ng that Moscow wishes to postpone until the Mr, CLANCY) was granted permission to
mo.Inent arrives for a still harsher decision:
what. to - do .to prevent Communist China extend his remarks at this point in the
from developing sophisticated atomic weap- RECORD and to include extraneous,
ons, and when to do it. matter.)
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE March 11
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the aid commitments to Brazil. Nothing in ren which appeared under the title "The
action of the House this afternoon in the release indicated that any part of Chief's Column," in the February issue
approving the extension of the Universal U.S. funds would be used to help finance of the Army Reservist.
Military Training and Service Act serves the trade agreement between Brazil and General Warren, who is Chief of Army
a; necessary and practical need. With Russia, although State Department of- Reserve and ROTC Affairs, exhorts all
world tensions growing rather than Ies- facials knew this to be true. unit commanders to draw all equipment
sning, our Armed Forces remain the I have made inquiries to the State De- to which they are entitled on paper, ap-
protectors of peace In the world, serving partment concerning this matter and parently without regard to the needs of
as they do not only in defense of the have been told that Brazil probably the units or whether they are at full
United States but also protecting the would not get as much as she was ask- strength or half strength.
security of all free world nations. jug for. Subsequent to this, another re- Writes General Warren:
The Soviet Union, in its consistent lease was issued pointing out that Bra- Failure to draw this equipment not only
propaganda, attempts to don the mantle zil's finance minister would be here to- could have an adverse effect on future equip-
ot peace but their policies remain clear day to negotiate further loans and a ment budgets, but also on programs for in-
ti) observers, that is, the hope for world "qualified source" indicated the sum creased storage facilities, maintenance tech-
4otnination. would be In the neighborhood of $450 to niclans. spare parts and tools.
America is free, America maintains $500 million. Here again, nothing was The important thing, according to this
leadership in the world because of said as to what plans had been developed message, is to draw the equipment so
Our tremendous military establishment. for the expenditure of this money. that it will all be used up and therefore
The extension of the draft is necessary, Whether it is $1.5 billion, $450 million, justified. I suggest that the Appropria-
F d I commend my colleagues of the or $1 makes no difference. The Ameri- tions Committees will want to examine
Ouse Armed Services Committee for can taxpayer does not want his money this activity most closely, especially since
e rapid manner In which they proc- used to expand Russian trade with any we were told that high school ROTC had
4ssed this proposal, the first major leg- country. to be sacrificed due to budget needs.
1plation approved by the House. The camouflaged releases prove once General Warren is in charge of Reserve
again that the news managers are work- and ROTC. It is apparent to me that
AIDING RUSSIA AND NEWS ing at their best. A commitment like ROTC was to be sacrificed to the bureau-
] this is preposterous and to delude the cratic habit of drawing all equipment,
MANIPULATION American taxpayer by deliberately man- spending all the money, and making a
(Mr. HARSHA tat the request of Mr. aging the news, when the officials in the good justification In the ledger books on
kk_Ncy) was granted permission to ex- State Department know that portions which to base future budget requests.
nd his remarks at this point in the of these funds will be used to help fi- I understand the Pentagon has backed
ECORD D and to include extraneous nance and expand Communist trade with down some on its plan to abolish high
flatter.) Brazil, is not in the best Interests of our school ROTC. Indeed they had better
Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, the news national security and under no circum- do that and also see that the old army
anagers are back in rare form. They stances can it be justified. game of "spend today so you can get
Eve left no stone unturned in trying Not only is any negotiation that would more tomorrow" is given even closer at-
e hoodwink the public. The Brazilian enhance Red trade foolhardy and detei- tention.
vernment previously announced it was mental to our national security, but in The article referred to will be inserted
ding a mission, headed by Finance direct confict with the stated purposes at the end of my remarks, but I would
inister San Thia.go Dantes, to Wash- of our tremendous defense budget and call the attention to two other passages
ngton n to seek liberalized terms on exist- foreign aid outlays. Managing the news which clearly indicate to me that the
Ing loans and $1.5 billion in new U.S. Is most dangerous and detrimental to instructions in this case are based solely
loans and investments over a 3-year our national security, and it is done for on the desire to show Congress that
eriod. Part of the 3-year plan the one purpose and one purpose only and there is a need for more money because
United States would be asked to help that is to control our thinking. all the previously appropriated money
ance was a $160 million per year long- We should not be treated as a mass was used up.
rm agreement between Brazil and unable to comprehend. The American Note these two passages:
ussla, but this fact is being cleverly taxpayer is entitled to know where his An additional danger in the conversion
concealed. money is going, he's paid enough tuition. of functional use of space is that failure to
Previously, a meeting between the News manipulators should be ferreted use space for functions prescribed In ap-
Ptate Department and the Brazilian mis- out along with those who are advocating proved space criteria, can bring about the
Sion was scheduled for March 4. This such a disasterous loan. I believe Con- elimination of that space on the basis that
meeting was postponed until today. I Kress should take a long, hard look at any it is not required since it is not used for the
previously requested an explanation such policy. The administration should designated purpose.
rom Secretary of State Rusk as to state publicly that it does not advocate In the end, by having the equipment on
a policy of enhancing the Soviet econ- hand, the need for additional supporting
Ewhy the U.S. Government would en- and call a halt to such ludicrous technicians, spare parts and the required
tertain any transaction or negotiation Only extension of facilities will be clear for all to
E
for any sum, whether it be $1.5 billion negotiations. a"?
or $1, to enhance trade negotiations be- Copies of this material will be directed
(tween Brazil and Russia. To date, I SPEND, SPEND, SPEND TODAY SO to the Armed Services and Appropria-
1have received no answer. YOU CAN SPEND TOMORROW, TOO tions Committees. I am certain it will
i The State Department's foreign policy
with Latin America is "an exercise in (Mr. CUNNINGHAM tat the request of be of value and interest in both commit-
futility." The administration is calling Mr. CLANCY) was given permission tees.
[for $11 billion to be spent In curtailing to extend his remarks at this point in the The entire article is as follows:
Ithe Communist threat in Latin America RECORD and to include extraneous mat- TIME CHIEF'S COLUMN
and now the State Department is enter- ter.) A matter of vital concern to all of us Is
taming negotiations with Brazil to help Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I the amount of equipment available to sup-
finance and expand a trade program with think I would be naive indeed to say that port the Army Reserve. Equipment must
be available in Army Reserve centers to
that country and Communist Russia. we in Congress are not aware of the un- conduct proper home station training on a
The result of such a deal would enhance written law of bureaucracy that requires year-round basis.
the Reds' position in Latin America and the spending of all appropriations so that Additional equipment is essential to meet
make our expenditures futile. future requests for larger appropriations the expanded requirements of summer camp
Last Monday, a release was issued that can thus be justified. training. The Berlin callup emphasized the
the U.S. Government and Brazil were Seldom, however, do we find that this need for equipment to meet mobilization
planning to start high level, economic unwritten law has been put down In requirements.
talks In Washington, March 11, to deter- writing. But I have at hand a column As a direct result of the Berlin Gallup,
I mine America's disposition toward new written by Maj. Gen. Frederick M. War- additional funds have been provided in Army
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 I 44 g~
3'704 Approved For ReI~~ ~SSIONAL IRECORDB SENATE 200220015-2
1v .
this point in the RECORD an article en-
titled "District of Columbia Negro Paper
Backs POWELL," written by Richard Wil-
son and published in the Des Moines
Sunday Register of March 3, 1963.
The article relates some of the prob-
lems with respect to the recent furor
over the actions of a Member of the
House of Representatives, and also in-
cludes an editorial entitled "A Des
Moines Negro View," which first ap-
peared in the Iowa Bystander, a weekly
newspaper published at Des Moines by
and for Negroes. The editorial takes
a point of view of the situation entirely
different from that expressed in a
Washington, D.C., newspaper published
for Negroes.
There being no objection, the article
and editorial were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
[Prom the Des Moines Sunday Register,
Mar. 3, 19831
Dwraxcr or CoLussIA NEoao PAPER BAC$a
POWSLL
s (By Richard Wilson) '
WAS$INOTON, D.C.-Critics of ADAM CcAT-
ToN PowE=.L should not indulge In the il-
lusion that he lacks prestige in the nation-
wide Negro community, or that the recent
attacks on POWELL have shaken this pres-
ti a very much.
vowmLL is much admired as a symbol even
by those who may deplore some of his acts.
He seems to many Negroes to be one of
their race who has broken through racial
prejudice to stand on his own as an individ-
UAI.
In Washington, with its 54 percent Negro
population and its 84 percent Negro school
enrollment. criticism of PowsLL rasps on
raw nerves in the Negro community.
ZZACTED ANGRU.T
The Washington Afro-American, one of
the chain of newspapers which strongly af-
fects Negro opinion, reacted angrily to the
attempt of Clark R. Mollenhoff of the Reg-
later's Washington bureau to pin down Pow-
ELL at a press conference. The prize-win-
ning investigative reporter was probing
PowELL on the charges of Senator Jogs
Wx.r.i.us, Republican of Delaware, who
accuses Pow=.L of extensive abuses of his
congressional position with the connivance
of Kennedy administration officials.
The reporter, a Drake University football
star once optioned to the New York Giants,
was criticized in a page 1 story in the Afro-
American both for his questions and his
physical condition.
"The pasty-faced Mollenhoff, who resem-
beld a former shotputter who has let him-
self go to pot, tried repeatedly with just
a trace of preciousness in his. slightly Lisping
voice to put POWELL on the spot," the article
stated. It continued with Its derision of
the reporter but told little of either the
questions or answers at the press conference.
An editorial In the Afro-American elab-
orated on these- views, centering its attack
on Senator Wiuiaass and Columnist Drew
Pearson. The editorial predicted the day
would come when "this great civil rights
fighter (PowELLJ attains even greater
heights.-
"When he does," the editorial continued,
"18 million colored thumbs are going to go
up to i8 million colored noses to remind
Drew Pearson and Senator Wn.z.IAMs that
'what's good for you white geese is sure good
for us colored ganders: "
The editor of the Washington Afro-Amer-
ican is C. Sumner Stone, Jr., who signed his
name to the page 1 news article as "Chuck
Stone."
Stone will not long remain as editor of the
Afro-American. He has been appointed pub-
lic affairs officer In the U.B. Information
Service and will be placed in charge of the
office In Tanganyika. His responsibility
there will be to carry out programs of USIA
Intended to give to the residents of the
former British colony In east Africa a clear
and accurate picture of conditions, opinions,
attitudes, and culture of the United States.
Stone says that be expects to go to Tan-
ganyika in April. He reinforces in conver-
sation his views stated in the Afro-Ameri-
can.
"I could take you into the bars and barber
shops and street corners In Washington and
show you that 95 percent of the colored
people think that the attack on PowzLL was
clearly racial," he says.
"POWELL has pulled a lot of deals we don't
like, but if he Is going to be criticized It has
got to be on the Negro's terms."
ANOTHER NEGRO VIEW
It Is impossible to convince Stone and
most Negroes within sound and sight of
PoweLL that Wn,w ass was inspired by any-
thing but racial feelings in spite of his long
record to the contrary, and in spite of the
role he has played over many years in the
exposure of serious abuses in Government.
Negroes sharing the view of Stone, and
only grudgingly aware of PowELL's long and
flagrant violation of generally accepted con-
gressional standards. white or Negro, can-
not conceive of any but a racial reason for
WI.LIAM's attack.
This is saddening. It Is more saddening
that POWELL can play upon the misguided
Negro racism which to so evident In the
words and tone of the Washington Afro-
American.
The dialog between the races In Wash-
ington does not seem to be Improving In
anywhere near the measure that the cir-
cumstances justify. Nor is it reassuring
that the well-mannered, well-dressed, but
passionately spoken Stone is going to Tan-
ganyika to Interpret America to the people
and officialdom of an emerging nation.
an'PERENT VIEW
Wet get quite a different view than Stone's
of Negro attitudes when another Negro jour-
nalist, Simeon Booker, of Ebony magazine,
speaks. Booker is writing a book which he
intends to make a balanced account of the
need for Negro self-improvement as well as
a plea for the opening of fairer opportunities.
He points out that POWELL does not have
much support or sympathy "among people
who think." Booker's tool is rationality;
Stone's is emotion: PowzLL's is flimflam.
[From the Des Moines Sunday Register,
Mar. 3, 19831
A Des Mosxes Nrcao View
(The following editorial appeared in the
Iowa Bystander, a weekly newspaper pub-
lished at Des Moines by and for Negroes.)
It often happens that some people, placed
in a position of responsibility and promi-
nence, use this situation to abuse it by doing
things a far less prepared citizen does. Rep-
resentative ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, of New
York, is an excellent example of this.
A minister of one of the largest churches
in America, elected from a district compris-
ing mostly Negroes and Puerto Ricans,
POWEIx has moved up to chairmanship of
the Health, Education. and Welfare Commit-
tee. In this post, he could be a power in
Congress and serve as an example for
younger people to point to with pride that
a Negro had attained such a commanding
position.
There are those who opposed his elevation
to that high post but the system of seniority
made the choice automatic.
March 11
However, Representative Pow.ELL, unlike
some other Negroes serving in Congress, has
abused his position by his continued absen-
teeism from duty, by loading up his staff
far out of proportion to the other chairmen.
He has abused the expenditure of public
funds and he has failed or refused to pay
his taxes to the Government which pays his
salary.
These derelictions of duty have brought
stern criticism from Members of both Houses
to the extent never before witnessed, and all
because the charges lodged against him are
true.
Here is a public servant, a minister who,
instead of conducting himself in a straight-
forward manner, has done many things
which bring disgrace, distrust, and shame,
while representing a district whose people
are entitled to a leader who should bring
honor and prestige to the position which he
holds. There is no excuse for Representative
PowzLL's conduct. It should not be con-
j LAYS~TEVEN&N'S UNDERSTAND-
' INC} OF THE SOVIETS
Mr. Mrr.I,>? u.. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed at
this point In the RECORD an article en-
titled "Wilson Finds Adlal Slow to Un-
derstand Soviets," written by Richard
Wilson and published in the Des Moines
Register of March 7, 1963.
In his article, Mr. Wilson, a distin-
guished columnist, indicates some con-
cern over the fact that the U.S. rep-
resentative to the United Nations has
apparently taken such a long time to
come to grips with the nature of the
international Communist conspiracy.
There being no objection, the article
wag ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
Wu.soN FINDS ADLAI SLOW To UNDERSTAND
SOVIETS
(By Richard Wilson)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-In an interview 'with
the Associated Press, Adlai E. Stevenson has
revealed the attitude of mind toward
Russian negotiations which so many have
found hard to understand.
With 2 years' experience as U.N. Ambassa-
dor, Stevenson says that he has changed his
mind about the Russians. He has dis-
covered that they will stubbornly support
positions which they seem fully prepared to
reverse when it is expedient to do so.
It seems Odd that Stevenson would have
had to learn such a lesson, for this has been
the uniform experience of Secretaries of
State for the last quarter of a century.
Stevenson has been a student of foreign
affairs for at least that long.
EXPECTED RUSSIA TO ACCOMMODATE
Stevenson's statement is implicit confir-
mation that the Kennedy administration
came Into office with the belief that a new
set of conditions with Russia could be
created. The United States should be able
to accommodate itself in some ways to Rus-
sian policy, and, In turn, if the negotiators
were skillful enough, Russian policy would
make accommodations, too.
Thus Secretary Rusk began his "quiet"
diplomatic moves. President Kennedy con-
ferred with Premier Khrushchev. New
thoughts were formulated by Walt W.
Rostow, McGeorge Bundy, and Paul Nitze.
Under almost all conditions new solutions
were pursued. About all this has proved
was that the American political administra-
tion bad changed, but the Russian political
administration had not.
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 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Still, the idea that the Russians could control-'of student job patronage. A clear-
somehow be made to see the light was hard ance system reportedly has been set up
to put down. This frame of mind has per- whereby the names of all students who have
sisted right through the Cuban crisis, mani- filed applications for summer employment
festing itself in the care exercised in not in Government agencies will be sent to the
pushing Khrushchev too far, too fast when White House, along with information as to
1 tt AA if
n e
l
THINKS RUSSIANS CAN BE HANDLED
The result, to borrow a phrase from Col-
umnist Arthur Krock, has been half-won
victories, which the administration con-
tinually advertises as great triumphs.
In the wake of Khrushchev's withdrawal
of missiles from Cuba a wave of euphoria
washed over Washington. Large but poorly
described changes were foreseen. There were
premonitions of some new order in the world
based on Khrushchev's back down and his
quarrel with his Chinese allies. It was sup-
posed that the noncommitted nations were
losing their fascination with Russia. Ad-
ministration officials spoke of the missile
withdrawal as if it were some historic turn-
ing point.
But now all the airy castles built on the
shifting sands of the imagined new world
order are coming tumbling down. The cold
war seems to have been renewed. Khru-
shchev is seen to have achieved important
objectives in Cuba, though not all he sought.
The test ban negotiations are again in a
state of collapse. We are warned once again
that Russia will burn us up if we touch
Cuba.
TROOPS ARE STILL THERE
It does not appear that there is much to
be gained by not pressing advantages against
the Soviet Union to their full limit when
it was possible to do so, as in Cuba. Now,
months after the fullest pressure could have
been brought, Russian troops are still in
Cuba. We do not know how many are being
taken out. Nor have we achieved all the
aims we sought when we confronted the
world with the imminent prospect of nuclear
war.
There is_ enough now to confirm Steven-
son's newfound wisdom about the Russians.
We should keep the pressure on them when
we can and gain the most from it. Only too
soon they will have found new ways to move
toward their unchanging general objectives.
SUMMERTIME STUDENT JOBS IN
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed at
this point in the RECORD an editorial en-
titled "Plum Jam," published in the Mil-
waukee Sentinel of March 7, 1963. The
editorial relates to the recent announce-
ment that appointments of student
trainees to Federal jobs during the sum-
mertime will be cleared through the
White House.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Each year, more than 10,'60 students are
given summer jobs by the ederal Govern-
ment. The jobs mainly are'In Washington.
Quite a bit of personal political patronage
is involved, although the Civil Service Com-
mission requires applicants to pass 'civil
service examinatigns for c'le`rical td plst, and
stenographer job`s. In tne" `case of student
trainee, jobs, in which college students take
Federal suummer ' employment in what the
Government hopes will be their Federal pro-
fessions after graduation, they are selected
from civil service registers.
Now a storm of protest hasblown up in
Congress following a report in the Washing-
ton Star that the White House has taken
ege a e
home States and the co
any).
Assuming that it is essential in the first
place to hire 10,000 students for summer
Federal work, the action of the White House
in having them all run through the Presi-
dential funnel for clearance fouls the civil
service system. Worse yet, this latest action
appears to be but another example of a
New Frontier attitude that is disdainful of
the spirit, if not the law, of Federal civil
service.
In a Senate speech rapping the White
House student patronage plan, Senator
MILLER, Republican, of Iowa, accused the ad-
ministration of having "an irresistible urge
to play politics with our civil service system."
"First," Senator MILLER recalled, "there
was the shocking direetive to civil service
employees that they should be expected to
participate in trying to sell proposed new
programs to the general public. This was
belatedly and grudgingly withdrawn due to
the revulsion of the public in general and
carreer civil service employees in particular.
Next our civil service employees were pres-
sured to buy $100 tickets to the Democratic
fund raising dinner here through the clever
device of having them invited to cocktail
parties of their bosses if they had purchased
a ticket. * * * And now, this administra-
tion apparently is not going to wait until
people have civil service status for an op-
portunity to engage in partisan political
activities."
The Kennedy administration defends the
plan by saying that its primary concern is
that the student talent be put to the best
use possible and groomed for regular Federal
employment when the youths graduate.
Desipte this high sounding explanation,
the plan is high handed. It's something
new in the way of harvesting political
plums-pick 'em while they're green.
PROGRAM UNTIL. AFTER WHEAT
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed at
this point in the RECORD an article en-
titled "Shuman Asks Congress To Wait
until after Wheat Referendum To Write
Farm Laws," published in the American
Farm Bureau Federation's official news-
letter of March 4, 1963, together with
table 1, which indicates the various fac-
tors which have ocurred in the reduction
of the carryover of feed grains. The
table points up in an excellent way why
the reduction of the carryover, in feed
grains is due in very minute part to the
emergency feed grain program of the
last 2 years.
There being no objection, the article
and table were ordered to be printed in
the RECORD, as follows:
SHUMAN ASKS CONGRESS To WAIT UNTIL AFTER
WHEAT REFERENDUM To WRITE FARM LAWS
Charles B. Shuman, president of the Amer-
ican Farm Bureau Federation, has urged
Congress to delay any decision on the type
of_feed grain program to be in effect after
19?3. 11
He said the legislators should wait until
after the signup under the 1963 feed grain
program has been completed and the result
of the forthcoming wheat referendum is
known.
3705
At a House Agriculture subcommittee
hearing last Thursday, Mr. Shuman said that
if the wheat referendum carries, "there still
will be ample time to consider and adopt a
feed grain program for 1964.
"If the wheat referendum does not carry,
which we think more likely, then by all
means this commitee and the, Congress
should consider wheat and feed grains
together."
There is urgent need for a more effective,
less costly, and less disruptive program," the
Farm Bureau president declared.
"We pledge our support in helping to de-
velop such a program when the results of the
wheat referendum are known."
Here is the full text of Mr. Shuman's
statement at the hearing:
"We appreciate the opportunity to discuss
the operation and results of the 1961 and
1962 feed grain programs. We also would
like to comment briefly on the 1963 feed
grain program and its implications. Finally,
we would like to discuss with this committee
a course of action which we believe would be
wise and best for farmers.
"Before we get into a detailed discussion
of the feed grain program, we would like to
urge strongly that this committee delay any
decision on the type of feed grain program
to be in effect after 1963, until (1) the
signup under the 1963 feed grain program
has been completed and announced and (2)
the multiple-price wheat referendum has
been held and the result is known.
Our reasons for asking the committee to
delay any decision on a feed grain program
are:
1. Most feed grains are spring planted.
There will be ample time, after the wheat
referendum, for action by Congress on a
future program for feed grains.
2. The signup for the 1963 feed grain pro-
gram will continue until at least March 22
(or later if the time is extended). No one
knows until then what feed grain producer
reaction will be to the 1963 compensatory
payment program.
3. If the complicated, restrictive, multiple-
price wheat program is approved in the up-
coming referendum, one set of circumstances
will prevail. On the other hand, if it is
voted down, this will create substantially
different conditions for wheat, feed grain,
and livestock producers. If this happens,
this committee and the Congres would
then most certainly want to reanalyze the
entire wheat, feed grain, and livestock prob-
lem in order to do justice to all producers.
This committee should not tie its own hands
by acting prematurely, without having all
the facts necessary for sound judgment.
You are well aware of the fact that Farm
Bureau has a membership of over 1,607,000
farm families in 49 States and Puerto Rico.
Most of our members produce feed grains
and livestock although many, of course, have
a larger economic stake in other commodities.
A large number produce wheat and feed
grains. Our members strongly believe that
feed grain and wheat legislation are closely
related and that both affect livestock pro-
duction and prices. We strongly believe that
any future programs for feed grains and
wheat should be considered together.
RESULTS OF 1961 AND 1962 FEED GRAIN
PROGRAMS
The administration claims that the so-
called emergency feed grain program has
been a great success, since the buildup in
supplies has been halted and some progress
has been made in reducing carryover stocks.
What are the facts?
Fact 1. A sizable majority of the eligible
producers gave the program a "no confi-
dence" vote by staying out, both in 1961
.and 1962.
In - 1961 only 42 percent of the farmers
with corn and grain sorghum bases signed
program contracts. In 1962 contracts were
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signed by 44 percent of the producers with
corn and grain sorghum bases and 29 per-
cent of Lose with barley bases.
Pact. The acreage that was diverted
under the program did not result in a cor-
responding reduction in feed grain plant-
ings.
In 1961 the Government contracted for
approximately 4 acres for each .3 acres by
which corn and grain sorghum plantings
were reduced from the 1959-60 base. In
1962 it contracted for approximately 5 acres
for each 3yz acres by which corn, grain
sorghums, and barley were reduced from the
1959-$0 base.
In 1959-60 the total acreage planted to
the four principal feed grains averaged 151.3
million acres.
.In 1961 farmera planted 129.3 million
acre to feed grains and were paid for di-
verting 26.7 million acres. Thus, the total
of 156 million acres planted or diverted
in 1061 was 4.7 million acres ,greater than
1959-60 plantings.
In 1962 farmers planted 125.9 million
acres to' feed grains and were paid for di-
verting 32.7 million acres. Thus, the total
planted .pplus the acreage diverted rose to
188.6 mitlion.acres, or'7.3 million acres more
than the average planted in 195060.
The increase in feed grain acreage (in-
eluding diverted acreage) under the pro-
gram reflects increased plantings by non-
participating farmers and adjustments in
the base acreage of participating producers.
Pact 3. The production of feed grains was
reduced less than the reduction in acreage
planted because yields increased.
Apologists for the program have attrib-
uted most of the 1961 Increase in yields to
weather. But yields rose again in 1962.
(Per-acre corn yields averaged 53.8 bushels
in 195940 and rose to 82 bushels In 1961
and 64.1 bushels in 1962.)
In 1961, as compared with the base period
1959-60, the acreage devoted to four feed
grains was reduced 14.5 percent and the
production of four -feed grains (total ton-
nage basis) was reduced 7.9 percent.
In 1982, as compared with the 1959-60
bade, the acreage devoted to four feed grains
was reduced 16.8 percent and the produc-
tion of four feed grains was reduced 6.2 per-
cent.
" Pact 4. The reduction in feed grain stocks
has been due almost entirely to increased
utilization and not to the Government pro-
gram. At the beginning of the 1981 marketing
year, feed grain stocks totaled a record of 84.7
million tons.
By the beginning of the current market-
ing year stocks had been reduced to 71.8 mil-
lion tons, Only a very small part of this
reduction of 12.9 million tons can be at-
tributed to the ' feed grain program.
The production of feed grains was reduced
15 million tons in 1961, but barley, and
oats--which were not included in the 1961
program-accounted for 3.1 million tons of
this reduction.
One of the most significant factors In the
feed grain situation is the increase In utiliz-
ation which has been occurring. Domestic
consumption and exports of feed grains in-
creased $.1 million tons in the marketing year
1981 (as compared with 1980).
To summarize, under the 1961 program,
stocks were reduced 12.9 million tons, but if
there had been no increase in utilization and
no reduction in the production of feed grains
not covered by the 1961 program, the reduc-
tion in carryover would have been less than
2 million tons.
It now appears that stocks will be reduced
10.8 million tons (from 71.8 to 61 million)
during the 1962 marketing year. This re-
duction Is almost entirely accounted for by
Increased utilization and a reduction In the
production of oath. As compared with 1961,
total production of feed grains increased 2.5
million tons (from 140.6 million tons to 143.1
million tons) and exports are expected to
decline by about 1.7 million tons this year.
By the fall of 1962, feed grain stocks will
have been reduced by a total of approxi-
mately 23.7 million tons from the 1981 level.
But, if there had been no Increase In utiliza-
tion and no reduction In production of crops
not under the program, the total reduction
in stocks would be only a little over 2 mil-
lion tons (see table 1). Thus, 90 percent of
the reduction In feed grain carryover was
due to factors other than the effect of the
emergency program.
Fact 5. The total direct cost-41.7 bil-
lion--of the 1961 and 1962 feed grain pro-
grams cannot be justified by what has ac-
tually been accomplished under these
programs.
55ARKE PRICES DEPRE58En
Early in 1961, when this committee was
discussing the 1981 feed grain program we
spoke out against one of Its most disturbing
features. We called this the obvious threat
to use the Government's huge surplus stocks
to beat down the market price of feed
grains. We denounced this proposal as a
brandnew and fallacious concept. We con-
tinued to oppose the dumping of CCC feed
grain stocks during the 1962 program. We
have continually pointed out that this use
of CCC stocks Is bad for our market system
for grain and that it severely penalizes pro-
ducers who want to sell their feed grains on
the market.
As we have already pointed out, consider-
ably more than 60 percent of all feed grain
producers stayed out of the feed grain pro-
gram in 1981 and In 1962. Dumping CCC
feed grains on the market held down their
market price and, of course, lowered their
incomes.
We also pointed out early in 1961 that
dumping feed grain stocks onto the market
would ultimately adversely affect poultry.
dairy, and livestock production and prices
for these commodities. Let us review briefly
what has happened in this regard.
Poultry and dairy production have con-
tinued above what they would have been if
CCC stocks of feed grains had not been
dumped. Prices of both these commodities
have been depressed because of this unwise
action.
Numbers of hogs coming to market and
cattle on feed and being marketed are also
up considerably. Hog prices are down, and
top cattle prices have taken one of the
sharpest drops in history-over $7.00 per
hundredweight since last fall. This, too,
has been caused In part by the dumping of
CCC stocks of feed grain.
We realize that some persons have sup-
ported the feed grain program on the ground
that it has been an effective way,of pouring
"free money" from Washington Into the feed
grain areas. But what Is happening cur-
rently to livestock, dairy, and poultry prices
would Indicate a loos in income to feed grain,
poultry, dairy, hog, and cattle producers of
several times the payments made to feed
grain growers under the 1961 and 1962 pro-
grams.
THE 1963 TEED GRAIN PROGRAM
As we stated previously, It is too early to
determine the reaction of feed grain pro-
ducers to the 1983 program and the results
that can be anticipated from its operation.
The slgnup period has several weeks to run.
The 1963 program has most of the bad fea-
tures of the 1961 and 1962 programs and, in
addition, contains a provision for Brannan-
type compensatory payments. Since pay-
ments are to be made on the "normal" yield
of planted acres, they encourage producers
to participate on a minimum basis and to di-
vert their poorest acres.
As members of this committee know, we
are opposed to the compensatory payment
concept. Our reasons for opposing~pay-
ments are spelled out in our 1963 policies as
adopted b the voting delegates of the mem-
ber State Farm Bureaus:
"Compensatory payments are proposed in a
variety of forms. Regardless of the form in
which presented, the payment approach is
unsound and dangerous to our economic and
political system. It would be fantastically
expensive and would stimulate production,
Increase unit costs, depress market prices,
lead to tight production controls, and make
farmers dependent on congressional appro-
priations for a substantial part of their total
income.
"Limitations on payments to individuals
would place a ceiling on opportunity and
level farm incomes downward.
"Payment programs would socialize the
production and distribution of food and fiber
by having consumers pay a part of the cost
through taxes-rather than full value at the
store. This is a trap for producers. Ulti-
mately, the payment approach also would be
a trap for consumers, since It would en-
courage inefficiency and thereby result in
high real costs of food and fiber.
"We vigorously oppose any system of com-
pensatory payments for agriculture."
In summary, we strongly urge this com-
mitteee to delay any further action on a feed
grain program until after the multiple price
wheat referendum. If the wheat referen-
dum carries, there still will be ample time
to consider and adopt a feed grain program
for 1964. If the wheat referendum does not
carry (which we think more likely), then by
all means this committee and the Congress
should consider wheat and feed grains
together.
Finally, we have pointed out why we be-
lieve the 1961, 1962, and 1983 feed grain pro-
grams have not, and will not, solve the
basic problem in feed grain and livestock ag-
riculture. There Is urgent need for a more
effective, less costly, and less disruptive pro-
gram. We pledge our support in helping to
develop such a program when the results of
the wheat referendum are known.
TABLE I. Factors in the reduction of feed
grain stocks
[In million tons]
1961
1962
Total
Reduction in production from 1080
of crops covered by program:
Corn -------- .------------------
7.9
7.4
15.3
Orain sorghum_________________
4.0
3.1
7.1
Barley--------------------------
------
0
0
Total_________________________
11.9
10.5
22.4
Reduction in production from 1980
of crops not covered by program:
Barley --------------------------
.8
------
.8
Oats____________________________
2.3
2.0
4.3
Total-------------------------
3.1
2.0
5.1
Increase in utilization from 1960
marketing year------------------
N
t
ff
t
f
d
i
i
d
8.1
8.3
16.4
ec
e
e
o
uct
on
n pro
uc-
re
tion of
o
s not
o
e
ed b
-
cr
p
c
v
r
y pro
gram and increase in utilization
on carryover___________
-10.3
-21.5
Total reduction in carryover--
r
10.8
23.7
Reduction In carryover due to food
grain program--------------------
.1
.5
1
2.2
Norf.-It may be argued that the carryover would
have increased It there had been no feed grain program.
The point, however, is that the program has done little
except to stop the buildup. The reduction In accumu-
lated stocks is almost entirely due to Increased utiliza-
tion and reduced production of feed crops not covered
by the program.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will callthe roll.
The legislative clerk protieeded to call
the roll.
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