RUSSIAN METHODS OF INTERROGATING CAPTURED PERSONNEL WORLD WAR II

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65-00756R000400030002-3
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• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 2, 2000
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RUSSIAN METHODS OF INTERROGATING
7 as7 2_. V
CAPTURED PERSONNEL
WORLD WAR a
VOLUME a : APPENDIXES
By
KERMIT G. STEWART
Major, Infantry, United States Army
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
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Security Information
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\ x M MA ATIION
RUSSIAN METHODS
OF
INTERROGATING CAPTURED PERSONNEL
WORLD WAR I.T.
Volume TI: Appendixes
by
1Iajor, GSC (Inf)
W A R N I N G
This document contains information affecting the
national defense of the United States within the
meaning of the Espionage Act, 50 U. S. C. 31 and 32,
as amended. Its transmission, or the revelation of
its contents in any manner, to an unauthorized person
Is prohibited by law. It is imperative that this
document be safeguarded at all times, and that the
material contained in it be treated with the utmost
discretion. Under no circumstances shall possession
thereof, or the information therein, be given to any
personnel other than those whose duties specifically
require knowledge thereof. When not in use, this
document is chargeable to the custody of an officer.
See pars 12, 15, 26, 31, 33, AR 380-5, 15 August 1946.
Office of the Chief of Military History
Department of the Army
1952
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B E C K IE T S CURRTY II1 IFORMATIION
Page
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
.Appendix
Appendix
I
II
III
IV
V
Soviet Interrogation Report Forms .....
Soviet Evacuation Orders ..............
Guide for the Political Interrogation
of Prisoners of War -- Directive
Concerning the Political Questioning
of German Prisoners ...................
Directives for the Interrogation
of PW's by Reconnaissance Officers
of the Red Army .......................
Military Institute of Foreign
Languages in Moscow ...................
29
Appendix
VI
Documentary Excerpts: Soviet Methods
of Interrogation (41 Items) ...........
47
Appendix
VII
Red Army Interrogation Forms ..........
132
Appendix VIII Documentary Excerpts: Soviet Methods
of Interrogating Japanese Prisoners
of War
137
................................
Appendix
IX
Documentary Excerpts: North. Korean
Interrogation Methods .................
155
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3 0 2-3 SECRET e??ECUIRI1 Y R F, R
Form for Report on Prisoners Captured.by Reconnaissance
Units, Rifle Companies, and Battalions.
LNote: The following questions were printed on a form with appropriate
blank spaces for filling in answers-
To
From
No. Time of departure
Map Edition r~~ Xear
A. For Inoividual Prisoners (when there is enough time)
1. Last name, first name, rank, and duty
2. Subsection, unit, branch of service
3. Time of capture
4. Circumstance of capture
5. Outstanding data (briefly)
6. Accompanying documents
Signature
Receipt of the consignee: No. Time of receipt
Place Number of prisoners and a list of
documents taken from them
B. For a Large Number of Prisoners (when time is limited)
Subsection Unit Officers NCOs Soldiers
Place and time of capture
More important testimony of individual prisoners (They are inter-.
rogated only briefly and if time permits)
Accompanying documents
Receipt of the consignee: No. Time Place Number of
prisoners List of documents
Reference: CIA Document OU-W-1009 (C), p. 17.
Appenuix I
Form 1
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APPENDIX -I*
 Apprc"F~ fter T 2000/088
RWY
Form for Interrogation of Prisoners at Regimental Level
During Offensive Operations
Note. The following questions were printed on a form with
appropriato blank spaces for filling in answers. This was not
a fixed pat+arn./
Interro)7ation Sheet
HQ _Rifle Regiment 194
Edition
1. Lust, first, middle name of prisoner. Social status, place
of birth, duty, rank or rating, age, nationality, conscripted or en-
listed, when and where captured.
2. To what unit did prisoner (deserter) belong? (In question-
ing, try to establish the highest military unit of which the prisoner
has knowledge.)
3. Where did the unit come from? What is its disposition, con-
position, and mission?
4. Location of Headquarters.
5. Names and ranks of immediate superiors and their character-
istics.
. 6. that arcthe neighboring units: location, nurtbero, missions,
1,.)cations of reserves?
7. Where is the front line defense, barbed wire (how many rows),
mine fields, land mines? Are there concrete fortifications and where
are they? antitank guns, machine guns, mortars? How long did it take
to built:! the defenses? Depth of trenches? Are there any defenses in
depth?
8. How many and where are the tanks, artillery, and other tech-
nical equipment? Calibers and other technical information.
9. To what locality are they ordered to retreat? What are the
losses? Who orders the retreat? Whereabouts of tanks and artillery?
Art:: reserves arriving? From where? What is their composition?
(Note: These questions are asked when fighting within enemy defenses.)
10. Adequacy of unit's supply, food situation, equipment, clothing.
11. What is the morale of the soldiers? What is the trend of
conversation on recent battles?
12. Morale of local inhabitants.
13. Additional questions.
14. Grade of reliability of information.
Interrogated
The following documents were taken from the prisoner.
Appendix I
2 Form 2
Appr~t~F !S L J! 000/0869P871;.t?'J'JIV!!1 tl:T~lr)
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4P FC JW ~ t e
c
r interrog
During a Defensive Operation
tote: The following questions were printed on a form with
appropriate blank spaces for filling in answers. This wa.s.not
a fixed pattern_7
Interrogation Sheet
HQ Rifle Regiment Date 194
Map Edition
1. Last, first, middle name of prisoner. Social status, place
of birth, duty, rank or rating, age,
nationality, conscripted or
enlisted, when and where captured.
2. To what unit did prisoner (deserter) belong?
3. Where did the unit come from? What is its disposition, com-
position, and mission?
4. Location of Headquarters.
5. Names and ranks of immediate superiors and their character-
istics.
6. What are the neighboring units: location, numbers, missions,
locations of reserves?
7. Location and quantity of: machine guns, mortars, tanks
(particularly), antitank and infantry artillery, observation and com-
mand posts, reserves.
8. Location and quantity of: artillery, artillery units, motor-
ized units, new means of warfare.
9. Unit losses and adequacy of supplies, food situation, equip-
ment, clothing.
10. What is the morale of the soldiers? What is the trend of
conversation on recent battles?
11. Additional questions.
12. Grade of reliability of information.
Interrogated
The following documents were taken from the prisoner:~
kp _pendix I
Form 3
0 r(
E C I E T SECU I(TY HMMO MAr,TIION
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SECRET SECURRTY RMFOR ATIM",1
Form for Interrogation of Prisoners at Division Level
During Offensive Operations
ZN-ote: The following questions were printed on a form with
appropriate blank spaces for filling in answers. This was not
a fixed p?.ttern_]
Interrogation Sheet
HQ Division Date 194
MapEdition
1. Last, first, middle name of prisoner. Social status, place
,of birth, duty, rank or rating, age, nationality, conscripted or en-
listed, when and where captured. Occupation before military service.
Date prisoner joined this unit and his assignments. Where and when
taken prisoner.
2. To what regiment, division, and corps did the prisoner belong?
Ranks and names of commanders of those units as well as those of the
chiefs of staff. Is his unit temporarily or permanently assigned to
this command?
3. Location of Headquarters and command posts (note on map).
4. Neighboring units on the right and left; their missions.
5. Missions of the unit and division. Arrived from where?
Replaced what units?
6. Where is the front line of defense, barbed wire, mine fields,
land mines? Are there concrete fortifications anc. where are they?
Antitank guns, machine guns, mortars? How long did it take to build
the defenses? Depth of trenches? Are there any defenses in depth?
7. Location and disposition of artillery, tanks, chemical units.
Any air force? Other technical weapons?
8. Arrival of new units: kind, time of arrival, strength, place
of departure and destination, number, where from.
9. What units along the route of the prisoner?
10. Location of rear installations.
11. Fighting qualities of the unit. Losses in the last battles.
12. What replacements have arrived recently? How often, when,
and from where?
13. Additional questions.
14. Conclusion: Grade of reliability of answers given by the
prisoner, depending or. his class standing, nationality, and condition
(degree of fatigue and depression).
Interrogated Date 194
The following documents were taken from the prisoner
MATRON
Appendix I
Form 4
4
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 Approved ff, tJ(fW/08/26 : ~14~1~i~ 1i" Oull T]IOllV
Form for Interrogation of Prisoners at Division Level
During Defensive Operations
J_ote: The following questions were printed on a form with
appropriate blank spaces for filling in answers. This wars not
a fixed patterna 1
Interro-raiz tion Sheet
HQ Division Date 194
Map Edition
1. Last, first, middle name of prisoner. Social status, place
of birth, duty, rank or rating, age, nationality, conscripted or en-
listed, when and whero captured. Occupation before military service.
Date prisoner joined this unit and his assignments. Where and when
taken prisoner.
2. To what regiment, division, and corps did the prisoner be-
long? Ranks and names of commanders of those units as well as thosd
of the chiefs of staff. Is his unit temporarily or permanently
assigned to this command?
3. Location of Headquarters and command posts (note on map).
4. Neighboring units on the right and left: their missions.
5. Missions of the unit and division. Arrived from where?
Replaced what units?
6. How many and what units comprise the first echelon? Type
end quantity of ranks, artillery, chemical units, and other technical
equipment. Location of the main concentration of troops, reserves
and support units, motorized units, cavalry.
7. Arrival and new units: kind, time of arrival, strength,
place of departure and destination, number, where from.
8. What units along the route of the prisoner?
9. Amount of losses. Soldiers{ morale.
10. Adequacy of supply of a unit. Food situation. Disposition
and kind of rear installations.
11. What replacements arrived recently?
12. Additional questions.
13. Conclusion: Degree.of reliability of prisoner's information.
Interrogated Date 194
The following documents are forwarded
---------------- ------------------------------------------------------
Appendix I
Form 5
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C' ! T CURD Y II C A TIION
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G I C JR ET S ?CUI IIT , RNFOJ ATIIOI
APPENDIX II
Item 1
SOVIET EVACUATION ORDERS
Note: This document is an English translation of a German
translation of a Russian order. Since the original Russian
document is not available, direct quotations from the German
document re included in brackets when the meaning is in
question)
Order of the Peoples' Commissariat for the Defense of the USSR
2 January 1943 No. 001 Moscow
SUBJECT: Procedure for Evacuating Prisoners of War from the
Frontlines
A number of serious defects have been observed in the evacua-
tion and protection of prisoners of war at the front and enroute
to the reception camp;
1. Prisoners of war are retained too long by units of the
Red Army. From the moment of capture to the time of entraining,
prisoners have to cover from 200 to 300 kilometers on foot. Fre-
quezitly, they do not receive rations of any kind. As a result,
they arrive sick and in a, state of considerable exhaustion.
2. A large number of prisoners do not have any warm clothing
of their own. Contrary to (my) orders, they are not issued cloth-
ing from captured stocks.
3. Prisoners marching from the place of capture to the
entraining point are often guarded by too small a number'of soldiers
or not at all. As a result, they lose themselves among the civilian
population.
4. By order of the Army Rear Area. Headquarters of the Red Army
[Stab des rueckwaertigen Heoresgebietes der Roten Armee 7 and the
Red Army Main Directorate for Ration Supply Hauptverwaltung des
Proviantnachschubes der Roten Armee _ the prisoner of war reception
camps and assembly points of the NKVD are to be furnished with
*Source: German PW Survey Foreign Armies East [H//682 / has been
translated for this appendix rather than the less complete German
version cited in note 25, Chapter VII: Study Deutsche Krie s efan ene
in der Sovwjetunion, in Anti-Komitern File EAP 116/95.
Appendix II
Item 1
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SECRET !CUJIITY IINIFORMATION
rations and transportation by the army groups. They are, however,
supplied only to such a limited extent that not even the minimum
requirements are satisfied.
5. The Army Transportation Inspectorates Heeresverkehrsin-
s ektion7 with the army groups do not furnish rolling stock in
time and in sufficient numbers for purposes of evacuating prisoners
of war to rear--area camps; furthermore, such rolling stock as has
been made available is totally unsuitable for the transport of human
beings, since it contains neither cots nor stoves, washbasins, wood,
and housekeeping equipment.
6. Contrary to the directive on prisoners o Kowar approved by
the Commissariat of ~ubn Health in the USSR mmissariat fuer
ds Ges yd. ei Luj~ o ~Ter r ysRi ical S rS co vice woundeddandCsick
prisoners of war are not admitted to the field hospitals, but shipped
through regular channels to the reception camps and NKVD camps. As a
result, a great,mahy prisoners die of exhaustion prior to evacuation
to the rear ofJenroute to the rear.
In order to eliminate such defects in the care of prisoners of
war once and for all and to preserve them as a source of labor,
Commanding Generals of the Army Groups will carry out the following
orders:
1. Secure the prompt evacuation of prisoners of war to assembly
points. In order to expedite:.the evacuation,,. all transportation re-
turning empty from the front. is to 'be utilized.
2. Instruct unit commanders to issue rations to prisoners of
war in transit prior.,to their transfer to an NKVD Camp in-accordance
with allowances' established by the Commissariat of [Public 7 Health
in the USSR in / Directiv7 No. 1874/874c. Prisoner ,of war ship-
ments are to be f urnished.field kitchens from captured stocks and
transportation needed' for, the, hauling of rations.
3. Render prompt medical aid to sick or wounded prisoners of
war in accordance with prisoner of war regulation, Directive of the
Commissariat of ,_ Public2 Health in the USSR No. 1798/300c, dated
5 July 1941.
Do not evacuate sick, wounded, completely exhausted, and
frostbitten prisoners through regular channels to NKVD assembly points.,
Such prisoners are to be admitted to a rfieldj hospital and evacua
ted with the next shipment1 of sick and wounded 7 to the rear for
specialist treatment. They will receive rations in accordance with
allowances established for sick prisoners of war.
Appendix II
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, ISK C rk RE T SEECU II T Y l INIFO! .RM ON
4. Provide sufficient escort personnel for the evacuation of
prisoners of war from the place of capture to the reception camps
of the NKVD.
5. Locate the prisoner of war entraining points as close as
possible to assembly points so as to avoid long marches on foot.
6. Give a shipping list to the men in charge of the shipment.
This roster should list the number of prisoners of wa:r, the rations
issued to the prisoners, equipment supplied for the shipment, and the
means of transportation. The prisoner of war roster must be produced
at the time the prisoners are turned over to the reception camp. The
men in charge of the shipment are to be instructed to list all docu-
ments which here taken from the prisoners in order to transmit them
to the reception camp.
7. Limit the daily rate of march to 25-30 kilometers. After
each 26-30 kilometers, rest stations should be established where
prisoners can spend the night. .4t these stations, prisoners should
be provided with hot food &;-id hot water and given an opportunity to
warm .themselves.
8. Prisoners of war will be permitted to keep routerJ -cloLth-
ing; shoes, underwear, bedding, and mess gear. If prisoners lack
warm clothing, shoes, and'mess gear of their own, such articles must
be supplied from captured stocks and from the property of killed and
deceased enemy officers and enlisted men.
.9. Commanding Generals of Army Groups and Military Districts
will carry out the following orders:
a. Check immediately, in accordance with Directive No. 24/103892,
dated 30 November 1942, of the Rear tire. Main Directorate of the
Red Army rStab der obersten Verwaltun im rueckwaerti en Gebiet
der Roten Armee 7 and with Directive No. 3911 III, dated 10
December 1942, of the Red Army Main Directorate for Ration
Supply rStab der Obersten Verwaltuna Suer den Verpflegungsnachschub
der Roten Armes /, to see that NKVD reception camps and transient
camps are properly supplied with rations. Rations should be
stockpiled at assembly points and transient camps in order to
assure uniform distribution of food to prisoners of war.
b. Furnish the reception and transient camps of the NKVD with
sufficient transportation and housekeeping equipment. In case
of a very heavy flow of prisoners, additional transportation and
housekeeping equipment should be issued to assembly points and
camps.
Appendix II
Item 1
A1 d ase 200
N
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 Approvefra00/08/266e~D3
10.. The -Chief of the Red Army Transportation Inspectorate
~ChAf der Heeresyerkehrsinspektion der Roten Armee ] will carry
out the following orders:
a. Make available the requisite number of frailroad 7 cars
for immediate transport of prisoners of war to camps; equip the
cars with cots, stoves, and wash basins; provide for uniform
heating along the route of travel; utilize units which are drawn
from combat troops for transporting prisoners of war to the rear.
b. Assure the rapid movement of these units as troop transports.
,.c.. At the Red Army Transportation Inspectorate, establish a
movement control agency which will supervise the movement of
units escorting prisoners of war.
d. Limit the load of prisoners of war per Frailroad 7 car
so that 44 - 50 men are allocated to a two-axle car and 80 - 90
men to a four-axle car. Prisoner of war shipments should be
made up of no more than 1,500 men.
e.. Provide warm meals regularly for the prisoners of war and
supplement travel rations at all ration points and messing
establishments in accordance with ration vouchers which have
been issued by army units, reception points, and NKVD camps.
f. Provide an adequate supply of drinking water for the
prisoners and see to it that three pails are placed in eace
two-axle car and five pails in each four-axle car.
11. The Chief of the Red Army Medical service will carry out
the following orders:
a. Assure the medical treatment of sick, wounded, frostbitten,
and greatly exhausted prisoners of war in the Red Army medical
installations at and near the front.
b. Organize their prompt evacuation to hospitals in the rear
for specialist treatment.
c. Detail the requisite medical personnel, with adequate medical
supplies, to minister to the prisoners of war while in transit.
-Medical personnel from among the prisoners is also to be utilized
for such duties.
Appendix II
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1 C I E T SECS tUIRIITV II N1 OI MATION
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d. Screen and check prisoJner-of-war transports in transit at
the points of evacuation and furnish medical aid to the sick.
Prisoners whose states of health do not permit resumption of
travel are to be taken off the shipment, admitted to the near-
est hospital, and, at the earliest opportunity, evacuated to a
hospital in the rear for specialist treatment.
e. Exercise hygienic care of the prisoners of war by disin-
fecting their personal belongings while in transit.
f. Take measures to prevent epidemics among the prisoners of
war until such time that they are turned over to the NKVD camp.
12. Prohibit the shipment of prisoners of war in railroad cars
which are not heated and unfit for the transport of human beings and
which do not carry an adequate supply of wood, travel rations, and
housekeeping equipment. See to it, moreover, that prisoners are not
shipped without seasonal clothing and shoes.
13. Transmit this order by teletype.
By Order for the Peoples' Commissariat for the
Defense of the USSR)
The Deputy Peoples' Commissar for Defense
General fGeneraloberst-Intendant 7
A. Chruliev
"A True Copy" B.O. 18th S.G. Corps
Technician 2d Grade Gerasimow
"A True Copy of the Copy"
Chief of the Secret Section lst Lt. Babik
(signature)
Appendix II
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APPENDIX II
Item 2
RED ARMY ORDER:
PROCESSING OF PRISONERS
AWWN
Annex 1 to HQ Third Panzer Army, lc/AO
(Translation Sub-Section) fRepor7
No. 0950/44, Confidential, dtd 24 Aug 44
Translation
Infantry Regiment 156 Strictly Confidential
No. 0023
Order by HQ 16th Division 1700 hours 7 July 194/4.
To this date, violations of order 001, issued in 1943 by the Peoples'
Commissariat for the Defense of the USSR, still occur among the troop
units of the division. As a rule, prisoners are held too long at
the regimental headquarters, and, as a result, information obtained
from the enemy loses its value.
There have also been additional instances of depriving prisoners,
in contravention of orders, of valuables, clothing, and footwear
(156th Infantry Regiment).
The Division Commander has issued orders ?s follow-s7:
1. After a tentative interrogation, all prisoners, accompanied by
a_copy of the interrogation report, will be turned over to the 2d
,LStafV Section of Division HQ. Prisoners who can reveal important
information about the enemy will be sent on immediately after the
interrogation.
2. The stealing of the prisoners? personal belongings, their valuables,
clothing, and footwear, is to be categorically prohibited.
3. The use of scouts as guard-escort personnel for prisoners is to
be discontinued.
Chief of Staff
Colonel Signature (Urbschas)
Appendix II
Item 2
kHTY (am
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5 copies
1 copy for files
4 copies to addressees
DT
Signature (Schimko)
I certify that this is a correct
translation:
signed Marquat, Sondefuehrer (G)
signed
specialisQ
*Source: GdIDS Special order (translation) dtd 7 July 44, by HQ
16th Infantry Division, in Third Panzer Army G-2 File.
**Ic/AO corresponds to J.S. Army G-2 staff section.
Appendix II
Item 2
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APPENDIX III'
Item 1
POLITICAL INTERROGATION
DIRECTIVE
[Note: See pages 170ff of the text for a discussion concerning the
origin ~f this document. The date, 1944, in the text (page 170) is
an error, the document having been captured by the Germans in the
spring of 1942. A covering letter, not reproduced here, accompanied
the German translation of this document which stated that the origi-
nal Soviet document was dated 3 October 1941, that it was issued by
the Main Political Directorate of the Peoples' Commissariat of De-
fense, and that it was signed by L. Mechlis.]
Annex to OKH, Army General Staff-Fourth General Staff Officer, Branch
Foreign Armies East (II c) No. 1609/42 Confidential, Dated 19 April 1942.
Translation
Directive Concerning the Political Interrogation of Captured Enlisted
and Officer Personnel
1. From the moment of his capture by the Red Army and during the
entire duration of his captivity, the enemy enlisted man (officer
must be under continuous indoctrination by political workers. The
basic objectives of this indoctrination are:
a. To discover, unmask, and isolate fascist elements;
b. To arouse class consciousness and to re-educate along anti-
fascist lines the soldi3rs who were deceived by Hitler and,
his henchmen;
c. To round up soldiers of antifascist conviction and give them
a comprehensive political indoctrination.
2. The political interrogation of prisoners of war is to pursue thus
following objectives:
a. To ascertain the political and moral attitude of interrogated
personnel;
*Source: Directive on the Political. Interrogation of Captured Enlisted
and Officer,Personnel, dtd 3 Oct 41, in document file of Army Group
North, .autebefehle, Ic/A0, l5.IX.41 - 2.1.43.
-13-
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Appendix III
Item 1
 Apfr Iftrpd se 2000M f5JR~ qk1q
b. To ascertain the political and moral condition of the unit
in which the prisoner served;
c. To determine the type of ideological training which the
soldiers have received as well as the subject matter of such
training and the topics used in discussion;
d. To obtain information on the effect of Russian propaganda and
on antifascist activity among the enemy's [frontline] troops and
the army rear area;
e. To indoctrinate the prisoner morally and politically so as to
unmask fascism and arouse svmpathi=es for the Workers' Council,
among the elements which are socially akin to us;
f. To collect maturial and information which may be important
to our propaganda efforts directed at the enemy's troops and
population.
3. The political interrogation is to bey conducted by the political
workers of the divisions, armies, and army groups, i.e. by those who
have command of the appropriate foreign language and who have been
cleared for this work by order of the chiefs of the division and army
political sections or by the political directorates of the army groups.
If necessary, a suitable and certified interpreter can be assigned
to assist the interrogator. The presence of other personnel not
c leard for interrogation duties is not permitted.
Note: Wounded enlisted men and officers will be subject to the same
interrogation procedure as other prisoners; the interrogation,
however, will be shortened. Recuperated prisoners will be sub-
jected to a complete interrogation by the camp commissars.
Without exception, interrogations will be conducted individually and
orally. Written statements pertaining to one or the other question can
be requested from the prisoner only after termination of the oral
interrogation. If a group of prisoners is on hand [th, following
procedure should be followed]:
a. Separate officers and enlisted men immediately in order to
prevent the officers from influencing the enlisted men;
b. Interrogate; the enlisted man first, then the noncommissioned
officers, and finally the offi c ors .
~. Ths interrogator will be guided by the attached questionnaire
and will see-- to it that th. information to be obtained will be as
complete as possible. Suppiem.ntary questions may be asked, if th;
-l)e- Appendix III
Item I
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importance of the person to b:; interrogated warrants it. In dealing
with prisoners, the dignity of Red Army personnel must be-preserved.
Familiarity must be prevented by all means.
5. The attached questionnaire is to be used in interrogating enlisted
men and noncommissioned officers (up to and including the rank of
Feldwebel [platoon sergeant]) who have a labor or farm background.
When interrogating prisoners, from other social strata, the interrogator
will make appropriate changes in the relevAnt questions (see Section
III of the questionnaire). Members of the SS and Military Police
(Feldgendarmerie) will be asked supplementary questions. Appropriate
changes will I o be made in interrogating prisoners of non-German
nationality (including Austrians and Poles.).
6. Information obtained from a prisoner, is to be checked and sup-
plemented through appropriate interrogation of other prisoners.
7. Each interrogation will be recorded in a detailed written report.
In order to avoid mistakes in the spelling of proper names, geogra-
phical terms, etc., such names and terms will be recorded in the
language of the prisoner as well as in Russian. Furthermore, certain
characteristic expressions and phrases will be taken down verbatim.
Arguments of the prisoner pertaining to fundamental political ques-
tions (particularly arguments directed against the fascist regime and
the war of depredation unloosed by Hitler) must be recorded with
particular care.
8. In writing the report, general and vague statements and con-
clusions must be avoided. Every fact which testifies to the dis-
integration of the political and moral structure of the army and the
zone of interior is to be recorded accurately and in details who
[said it], where [was it said], to whom [was it said], when was it
said and what was said, what was done, under what circumstances
was it done], etc.
9. Each report must be drawn with care (date, signature). The
political sections of the divisions will forward the reports to the
political section of the army, which in turn will transmit them to
the political directorate at army group. The army group political
directorates will forward the interrogation reports to the Main
Political Directorate of the Red Army. A copy of each interrogation
report will be sent to the commander of the transit camp, to which
the prisoner is assigned prior to being shipped to an appropriate
[permanent] PW camp. The report will be accompanied by a photograph
of the interrogated prisoner (showing him, if possible, in a clean
and well-groomed condition). On the back of the picture, the name,
unit, date of interrogation, and number of-interrogation report will
be noted.
Appendix III
Item 1
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10, Documents (letters, diaries, photographs, orders, directives,
newspapers, and magazines) will be forwarded to the Main Political
Directorate of the Red Army. Letters, diaries, and photographs will
carry, if.-possible, a notation listing the name and [civa;li.an) occu-
pation of the'source, his unit, and the date of capture.
Ap&LO
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Appendix III
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 Approv&Wx"000/08/
APPENDIX III*
Item 2
'ZION
GUIDE FOR THE POLITIC-:L`2NTERROG.iTION OF PRISONERS
[Note: For a discussion concerning the origin of this document,
see page 175 of the text. This document is an annex to the fore-
going political interrogation directive (Item 1) but is presented
here as a separate item because it was obtained from another source.]
Korpsgruppe3`''`Breith In the field, 29 May 19 2
G-2 [Ic) Section
Copy of a "Guide" for the political interrogation of prisoners
of war, found among the papers of a commissar (HQ Sixth Army?) killed
in action in the pocket south of Kharkov.
Copy
Guide for the Political Interrogation of Prisoners of War
(from the "Directive Concerning the Political Interrogation
of Captured Enlisted and Officer Personnel")
Restricted 28 March 192
I. General Data
1. Date and place of interrogation.
2. Organization, rank, and name of the interrogator.
3. What is your first and last name?
1. When were you born?
Sources Guide for the Political Interrogation of PW's dtd 28 Mar 42,
in G-2 file of 3rd Panzer Division, Anlage II zum Taetigkeitsbericht,
Ic, AArusgehende Meldungen, Me I, ussland, 7.II.-31.VIII.
3''`Korpsgruppet Two or three understrength divisions assembled into a
tactical unit under a corps commander with an improvised corps staff.
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5. Where were you born? (Locality and province
6. What is your military rank?
7. To which unit do you belong? (Specify)
8. To which party did you belong? (Include affiliations prior
to entering military service)
9. What is your nationality?
10. What is your religion?
11. What is the occupation of your parents?
12. What kind of an education do you have?
13. What is your profession or occupational specialty?
14. Whore were you last employed? Until when and in what position?
15. What is your home address?
16. ;are you married or single? Do you have any children?
17. To what party do or did the members of your family belong?
18. :ire any political refugees or emigrants among your friends
or relatives or were any of them persecuted. or punished for political
reasons?
19. Who are they and where are they?
20. When did you enter the .firmed Forces? (pis a volunteer or draftee?)
21. Did you take part in the First World War?
22. On which fronts have you fought since 1939?
23. When did you arrive at the Russian Front?
24. Do you have any awards or decorations? When did you win
them and for what?
25. ?vhero, when, and under what circumstances were you captured?
(Or did you desert?)
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II. Condition of the German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht)
14. The Soldiers Life
1. How well-fed ar, the German soldiers? (especially lately)
2. How is they equipment in your unit?
3. What are the health conditions?
4. Is medical care available?
5. Did you have any days of rest, and did you get enough sleep?
6. As a soldier, on what did you spend most of your money?
7. What do you know about the operations of [military] censorship?
8. How often did you receive mail from home?
9. What do you know about the censorship?
10. Does the soldier at the front have any opportunity for sexual
intercourse?
11. What is the average age of the soldiers in your organization?
12. What are some of the topics of conversation among the soldiers?
B. Indoctrination of the Soldiers
1. Did you have political discussions, lectures, or hours of
instruction in your unit?
2. What were the topics?
3. Who conducts such lectures or courses?
1t. Does your organization have a library? What kinds of books
does it have?
5. Do you receive "circular letters" from Germany? From whom, how
often, and what do they contain?
6, Did you receive newspapers from Germany?
7. Did you receive military periodicals and politic-al pamphlets?
Wh,=.t, did they deal with?
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8. Were you informed,about the military situation at the front.?
What was the latest report?
Which front newspapers published by the VWehrmacht for German
soldiers did you read?
10. What part do the chaplains play in furnishing thy:; troops with
spiritual guidance?
11. Ho* does the German radio propaganda operate among the Armed
Forces? What does it consist of?
12. Have you soon any films lately? Which ones? Are there any
movies at the front?
13. What do you know about the activities'of the propaganda companies?
C. Relations with Superiors
1. From which strata of the population do the officers come?
2. How do the officers treat their subordinates?
3. How do the officers react to the grievances and complaints of
the soldiers?
4. Do officers require enlisted men to perform personal sarvices?
5. Do you know of any cases of physical mistreatment or shootings
perpetrated by officers, or do you know of officers susceptible
to bribery?
6. Do officers attempt to win over individual soldiers by extending
favors?
7. Describe some characteristic aspects of an officer's everyday life.
D. Relations of the Soldiers to Each Other
1. Do you know of any cases of denunciation?
2. Are there overly ambitious men (HHaager beavers"] among the troops"
3. How do the ;ustri:-ins and Germans get along with each other?
Li.. How are the relations between the soldiers and the noncommissioned
officers?
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5. How do regular army men and reservists get along with each other?
6. How do the older men and the younger:men get along with each other?
7. How are relations between members of the various branches of the
service?
F. Military Questions
1. What do you know about the military qualifications and profes-
sional skill of your officers and noncommissioned officers?
2. What do you know about German losses of men and. materiel at the
front?
3. How often and in what manner has your organization received
replacements?
L. Did your-unit have much opportunity for rest [and recuperation]?
IIaw often has it been radrganized?
5. What do the men in your unit say about the partisans? 'hat damage
have the latter inflicted?
F. Discipline
1. Do you know of any violations of discipline?
2. Doos it happen that the orders from officers are not carried out?
3. Did any soldiers refuse to enter combat?
Ii. What was the cause of such incidents?
5. What were the consequences?
6. Mention a few typical courts [martial] sentences or penalties.
7. Do you know of any cases pf desertion, malingering, self-muti-
lation, or suicide? (Furnish exact data)
G. Security Organizations [Operating)
Wit Within tie Wehrmacht
1. 'that do you know about the operating procedure of the Gestapo
in the Wehrmacht?
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2. What role does the military police play and what functions does
it perform?
How do the military courts in the field and in the zone of interior
operate?
4. What is the role of the SS and S-U. in the Wehrmacht?
5. How high is the percentage of national-socialists in the 'Wehrmacht?
6. What role do they play?
7. What is the attitude of the soldiers toward the Gestapo, Si, sand SS?
III. Conditions in the Zone of Interior
:i. The Financial Condition of the Prisoner Prior to Induction into
the Wehrhacht and the Condition of his Family Prior to the War:
[Questions for] Workers:
1. Whore were you last employed?
2. How long have you been working?
3. How long was your working day?
LG. In which respects is the worker protected by law?
5. How much was your weekly wage?
6. How much were the weekly deductions, taxes, fines, etc.?
7. What were your principal expenses, and what percentage of
your wages did they constitute?
8. Did you have a savings account?. If so, what happened to it?
9. How was your housing situation, and how much rent did you pay?
10. How high were your expenses in case of sickness?
11. How much did you spend for food?
12. How much did you spend on the education of your child(ren)?
13. What grievances and complaints do the workers have?
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E C h! E T .. I CU]RETY fN 'O MATROJ
Farmers.
14.
How large is your farm?
15. How much and what kind of cattle do you have?
16. How high are the taxes and other assessments?
17. Mat did your income and expenses consist of?
18. Did you receive any credit? How much and from whom?
19. What grievances and complaints do the farmers have?
20. What do. you think of the Farm Succession Law [Erbhofgesetz]?
21. What do you think of the so-called ITarmers' Leaders"
[Bauernf uehrer)?
B. The Family under Wartime Conditions
1. How long is the work day for members of your family at present?
2. How high are the wages? How high are deductions and taxes?
3. How is the supply of food and consumer goods?
4. How does the increased cost of living manifest itself?
5. Can all merchandise be bought on th:; open market?
6. Did you receive any small packages from home? Did you send any
small packages: What were their contents?
'7, Are there any transportation difficulties?
8. That have you heard about air raid victims and destruction
caused by air raids?
Have the Government or individual organizations taken measures
to render aid?
C. The Political Situation
1. Are there any conflicts between workers and managers in the
plants?
2. How are they caused and how are they resolved?
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30' Do you know of any olsshes between workoM and officials, police,
SS, or SAT
4. What were the reasons?
5. What can you tell us about local and district "leaders" of the
NSD_1P, Su, and SS, chiefs of police; Gestapo [personnel], mayors,
etc., and about their past?
6. How are relations between them and the people?
7. Do you know of any people who are dissatisfied with conditions?
8. What do you know about the activities of the anti-Hitler forces
at home and in the armed forces?
9. In your opinion, why are people dissatisfied?
10. How do suppression of the Church and religious persecution
manifest themselves?
11. What do you think of the war against Russia? Do your friends
think the same way?
12. What do you think of the Goebbels propaganda and the reports of
the Armed Forces High Command?
IV. Political Attitude and Convictions of the Prisoner
1. How do you feel about the Hitler regime, the national-socialist
"loaders," and the so-called "German Socialism"?
2. What do you think of the occupation of a number of European
countries by the German 1,Vehrmacht, of the policy of spoilation and
brute force, and of the propaganda extolling hatred of other humans
and class supremacy?
3. 'w`hen, where, and from whom did you receive the news about the
outbreak of th;; war against Russia? How do you feel about the war
against Russia? What do you think of "Hitler's allies"?
t. When did you cross the Russian border? What was the route of
advance? In which battles in Russia have you participated? How
did the Russian population conduct itself toward the German troops?
How was the conduct of the German troops toward the [Russian]
population? What cases of cruelties committed by German officers
and enlisted men against Red Army soldiers and commanders and
against the local population are known to you? (Specify the
locality). Do you know of any instances in which individuals
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among the population aided the German troops? How is civil
government organized in the temporarily occupied areas?
Mention names and functions [of officials] and give a brief
personal description of the "'interpreters" with the German
headquarters. What do you know about the treatment of captured
members of the Red army?
What is your attitude toward the Russian people and the Soviet
regime?
6. 0ffiat do you think of the combat efficiency of the Red .rmy and
the partisan movement?
What do you know about Bolshevism, the Bolshevists, and the
commissars?
s,]Long which lines were you politically active prior to your
induction and during your military service? Have you bean
punished for such activities?
V. attitude toward Soviet Propaganda
1. Do German soldiers read the Russian leaflets and newspapers?
2. What is the German soldiers' opinion of Russian leaflets and
radio broadcasts?
3. Which questions come to mind when the German soldiers read the
Russian leaflets or listen to Moscow radio broadcasts?
4.- 'What is the main reason for the German soldiers' reluctance to
surrender?
5. What, in your opinion, should we write about primarily in our
leaflets for the German soldiers?
6. On which subjects would the German soldiers like to receive more
specific information?
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 AppT l l a 2000/0 (ttip 11 y~"" tt~~iv
APPENDIX IVY'
SHORT TRAINING COURSE FOR RED IM/rY
INTERROG,TORS IN THE FIELD
[Note: This appendix consists. of a German prisoner-of-war interro-
gation report. Interrogation was made by lst Lt. Sakharov,
translation from Russian by 1st Lt. von Velville.]
Army High Command
Army General Staff
Branch Foreign Armies East (IIIA)
Hq., 11 August 1944
Prisoner of War Interrogation
Rank: Captain
Name: Pupikin, Vladimir Dmitrovich
Military Position: CO Recon Bn
Last Unit: 159th Infantry Division, XXXXV Infantry Corps,
Fifth Army, Western Front
Captured: 19 July 1944 At: Kauen
Born: 15 June 1914 At: Stalingrad area
Nationality: Russian Civilian Occupation: Electrician
-
Bookkeeper
Subject: Instructions for the Interrogation of Prisoners of War
byV tel - once or Reconnaissance CTficers of the Red Army
Captain Pupikin (a prisoner of war) attended a three-day course
for reconnaissance officers in.the vicinity of Smolensk from 9 to
12 June 1944. One lecture hour was scheduled for prisoner-of-war
interrogation procedure. In addition, the course included a demonstra-
tion interrogation accompanied by a lecture.
~~'Reference: Interrogation Rpt, Directives for the Interrogation
of PW' s by Reconnaissance Officers of the Red Army, dtd 11 Aug lit ,
in German PW :'affairs Files, Foreign Armies East.
!~ I r el'ase 200
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The lecture was given by the Chief of the Research Branch of
the Intelligence Directorate for the Western Front. The interroga-
tion of the prisoner lasted about fifteen minutes. A blindfolded
prisoner of war was led into the lecture room. All documents on his
person were removed and the interrogation began. The prisoner had
obviously been procured from a prisoner-of-war camp. The answers he
gave to questions were previously prepared statements. Ln intelligence
officer carried out the interrogation. The interpreter translated
literally without any revisions.
The lecturer instructed the students in the following manner as
to the execution of the interrogation:
1.. The interrogating officer will put his questions directly to
the prisoner of war and not to the interpreter.
2. Prior to the interrogation, the interrogating officer has to
familiarize himself with the statements of other prisoners from the
same sector of the front. If possible, he is to have the relevant
interrogation reports and a map of the pertinent sector before him.
3. L questionnaire containing the items in which higher head-
quarters is interested must be available.
L1.. No record is to be kept during the interrogation itself.
Only short notes may be made. The record is to be written after the
interrogation and not in the presence of the prisoner.
5. Prior to the interrogation proper, the"veracity of the
prisoners statements is to be ascertained. This is best done in the
following manner: The prisoner is first asked the first and last
names of the members of his squad and platoon. After a lapse of a
period of time, these questions are repeated. If the statements are
identical, it may be assumed that the prisoner is telling the truth.
6. The prisoner is to eat prior to the interrogation and is to
be treated to brandy and cigarettes.
7. The interrogation is to be conducted in a polite manner.
8. The prisoner is to gain the impression that the information
about his unit, which is expected from him, is already known and was
previously ascertained from statements by. other prisoners of war.
9. If the prisoner refuses to answer, the interrogation is to
be stopped. Later, the interrogation will be started anew by another
person who will deal with the prisoner in accordance with the latter's
psychological characteristics. In the course of this interrogation
the prisoner may also be tricked.
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If the prisoner in question is healt _y, ha will. be drawn
out by questions from other, previously captured prisoners, who have
been recruited as agents. The latter will use a comradely and
dordial approach in starting conversations with the prisoner.
Another method to be employed is the planting of an intelligence
officer, who has command of the German language, in a cell next to
that of the prisoner. Through an opening in the wall, he will
establish contact with the prisoner. He will act as if he himself
has just been captured and will seek to obtain information through
friendly conversation.
11. In especially important cases (only in interrogations
at the intelligence directorate [Verwaltung fuer Feindaufklaerung])
narcosis will be used.
12. Intelligence officers or women interpreters, disguised as
doctors, nurses, or nurses aides, will be employed for the ttcare0 of
sick and wounded prisoners. This ;"medical personnel" will seek to
win the confidence of prisoners through special attention, care,
sympathy, and presents. Conversations will be started about home,
relatives, the weather, sickness, of cetera. Powdered sugar and
drops of cherry juice will be given as "medicine." Step by step,
treatment of the prisoner will continue with great caution until he
reveals the desired information.
13. It is recommended. that immediately after capture soldiers
be interrogated by regimental and divisional intelligence officers
on the spot; that is, as far forward as the main line of resistance
or the trenches.
lli. During interrogation, the regimental, divisional, corps,
and army intelligence officers are to place emphasis on the following
questions:
a. Training of the prisoner;
b. Strength and combat effectiveness of his unit;
c. Reserves;
d. Artillery;
e. Tanks;
f. Engineer equipment;
g. Equipment for chemical warfare;
h. Medical and veterinary facilities;
i. Morale and political attitude of the troops;
j. The mission of the unit.
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~Ailitary Institute of Foreign Languages
LNote: Portions of the original report have been paraphrased or
summarized. Names of Soviet officers and officials have been omitted
This report contains information on the Military Institute of
Foreign Languages in Moscow. It was obtained from a Soviet Officer
deserter who attended the institute from January 1946 to July 1948.
After ten years of schooling, Source was graduated from middle
school in the spring of 1945. In August 1945, he took a special course
in the Czech language at the Military Institute of Foreign Languages
and was graduated with high honors in January 1946. Most of the
graduates were sent to various military units, but Source .ts teacher
was able to obtain for him an appointment to a regular course at the
Institute. Source passed a few examinations and was accepted into
the second semester of the. second year of the First Faculty, joining
a class which had entered the Institute in the fall of 1944. He
continued to specialize in the Czech language.
Source has given information on the following questions:
1. What Organization controls and directs the Institute?
The institute is under the Ministry of the Armed Forces (MVS).
2. What is the relation of the Institute with the MGB and. other
agencies?
In some exceptional cases, members of the MGB attend the Insti-
tute. Normally, however, ,KGB personnel attend the MGB's own language
schools. Some .MVD officers, principally from border units, attend
the school. Institute graduates may go to the MGB, the Soviet
Council of iMlinir:G,.rd ?:. Tian I did not accept this proposal and did
rot name a ny t, rev pcrs ons, I vwe. s threatened with. death. Having
accom lished nothing, they beat me and let me go. I had to
certify over niy sigrna.ture that I had not been mistrected during
the interrogrton and tha. t I would not under any circumstances
tell anyone about my experiences. -'
The Case of Colon:l Petar Dzerve
The colonel. we:, led into 1. ra;e room "tr;e wontt
hurt you," said the i,rmenia.n [en. NKVD agent], He [the colonel]
would;, horever, have to admit 611 he knew & bout the e n:ij.-Soviet
activiti~;s of two of his co-workers. The colonel cooky replied
that he kn,~;vb nothing about it. "Very well, we have excellent
ways to make you to 1k," said ore of the Irh,VD men. Upon his
sib;na1 the z.rmei.ior led ti;e colonel away. They stopped in e
corridor at o booth built into the well with barely enough
room for e. man to sit down in it. The NKVD main ordered the
colonol to sit down, s nd out of the side well of the booth he
pulled as strong wooden boom which fitted like a bolt hard iu.rider
-;he colonel ?s chin. "Do you vn.nt to talk now?" asked the
Arm~enia.n. ,
I h, ve nothing; to say," the colonel replied. The next
moment hca save his torturer getting, out & strange wooden instru-
ment holding a n edle about two inches lonior.e.ge and ordered to
make a confession and to name my a:lie_;ed fellow-Gii1prits. "hen
I rejected the unfounded accusation, I vies taken to another room
d
and interrogated again by e n NKVD man. r, second NKiD man carry-
ink, en iron rod with a sharp point was present at the questioning:;.
He frequently interrupted with the question: ".Shall I stab him
or will he confess after all?" A third NKVD men threatened to
beat me with a length or rope if I did not confess. x. fourth
threatened me with pistol. Then I net all orders and threats
with silence, all four pounced on Die and beat me about the head
with their fists. Beaten bloody, I was brought to the Central
Prison and pit in solitary confii.nement. The next evening; I
was again taken to NIC D Headquarters and was again beaten in the
course; of the interrogation . In the course of these six days,
I got nothing- to ee t and not a drop to drink. Only on the
sixth day, when I was already completely exhausted, two herrings
and half a. loaf of white bread were pieced into my cell in the
prison. As a matter of precau:ti bn , I ate only the breed since
I had to assume that after eating the salty herrings I still
would not get any water for my thirst.
A, day later I was to be taken to NKVD Headquarters again*
I refused to go and was punished with three days of more severe
confinement. I had to sleep in my underwear on the cold flcor
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of a narrow, damp and unheated cell, My rations consisted of a
little more than half e pound of bread and a pint of water.
(gain I was takers-to the NKVJ and beaten unmercifully. I had
to get undressed and was then wrapped in a wet sheet. I vias
tied to a bench and beaten with rubber truncheons. Those
tortured in this manner were then locked for a day into the
coldest cell in the prison. I was no exception.
[To escape his tormentors, this mans pretended to accept
a job as informer with the MKVD. When the pretense was discovered,
he vm- s rearrested and tortured near y every day for two months,]
A Jew stuck a needle in my throat and stabbed ray
hands with a pocket knife, whereby he sneered at me and remarked
that I had to lose a little blood. He also beat me over the
head with the butt of &. heavy pistol. In the course of another
interro?;a.tion, the interrogator . . offered me s. cigarette
from a metal cigarette case. When I reached for the cigarette,
he suddenly shut the case, and my fingers were caught between
the sharp teeth inside, The interrogator now opened the case
in order to remove the skin that had been torn from the fingers.
Only then I realized that the case was specially constructed for
this torture. For good measure, the NKVD men rubbed my bleeding
fingers with salt. 1i--'hen this interrogation did not bring any
results, either, I was locked into a small, narrow, and hermeti-
cally `seE led cell in which I could only stand up. Hot air was
hppendix VI
Item 28
Page 8
102
App RR& e 2000/
C&AN
MY,
Kffi"
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 Approved tf Qe0V08/26 : CO
now pumped int- this cell. When I was close'to fainting, fresh
sir was blown in again, This torture was continued for about
1a8 hours: But this was not the end of my torments. My arms
were crossed and tied together, my knees pulled up, and a stick
passed between my arms and knees. NKV1) men held the stick by
the two ends and kept on slanming me to the floor in this
painful -I:ositi cn until my kidneys hau been knocked loose,
[Some time later, this man was placed on a shipment to Russia.,
but mans ged to escape from the tre ns oort. I
The Torture Hat -
. . . If anyone did not immedi