PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE: MILITARY ASPECTS SELECTED AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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• Collection: General CIA Records
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• Release Decision: RIPPUB
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• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2000
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: September 1, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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TR RM 0-512a
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE: MILITARY ASPECTS
Selected and Annotated Bibliography
OFFICE OF TRAINING
Document No.
110 CHANGE in C1asg. (:]
'
`*-C DECI;ASSIFIED
CIaS3. C-t"; D TO: TS S C
D+A V -lno, 4 Apr 77
Au?th:
Date. 4 _ by.. ?L
TR RE FLRENCE MANUAL 0-512a SEPTEMBER 1954
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S E-C-R E-T
Introduction
Entries in Part I are classified. In this publication classified material
is considered to be any item which carries the classification of Restricted,
Confidential, or Secrete Top Secret material is not included.
The section is composed of bibliographies, documents and government
publications,
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Introduction
Table of Contents
P,ibliographie s
Documents and Government Publications
Effects R O O O O O O . 6 O 7 O 0 0 0 0 O 0 O 0 O O O. 0 0 0 0 O 0 O
Instruction a a o 0 o u o o a a 0 o,
Mechanical Methods.
0 2,3
a 495,6
Military Instruction. 0 a , o
Nature and Theory of POW. o a
Tactical and Strategic.
World- War I . O O O O 6 O J O O
World War II . o 0 0 0 0
Author-Title Index
o (98,7,10
11,12
0 0 0 0 o o 12,13,14
0 0 0 0 0 0 s a 14,15,16
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 . . 0 . 0 0 . 16
0 0 o a o a 17,18,19
i
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b, Library Collections
Library of Congress Catalog.
Central Intelligence Library Catalog.
Armv Library Catalopa Pentagon.
G-2 Intelligence Document Catalog, Pentagon.
State Department Cataloee
CIA/OTR Library Catalog.
iii
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TR RM 0-512b
~TSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE: MILITARY ASPECTS
Selected and Annotated Bibliography
OFFICE OF TRAINING
TR REFERENCE MANUAL O-512b SEPTE IDES'. 1954
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PART II.
Introduction
Entries in Part II are unclassified,, Books. documents and
Government publications art!) included:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART IIII~
Introduction
Bibliographies
Books
Effects . , . . . , . . . It . , . It . . . . It
R . . r . . . 5
. . . It . ? . . . . 4,5
Mechanical Methods, w. . . s . 41 a It .
Military Instruction.
Nature and Theory of P.W. . IF ? , . .
Tactical and Strategic.
World War I
World War II . . . . . . . . . ., . .. .
Documents and Government Publications
Effects . . . . . .. . . . m ~. 13
Mechanical Methods. 13,14
Military Instruction, . . . 14,15
Nature and Theory of P.W. . . ? . . . .
Tactical and Strategic, , ? .
n x 4
. 15,16
. } ,r a A R . 4 16,17
World War II. . . . a , , ?
Periodicals
Effects . . It It . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . 18,19
Korean War. , . . , a s . . w a , . . . . . . . . , ? 19,20
Mechanical Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . a 20,21,22,23,24
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART II
Military Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,25,26
Nature and Theory ofP.W. . . . , 26,27,2$
Tactical and Strategic. . . . . 28029230
World War I . .. . . . . . . : 30
World War II . . . . 30013,32
AUTHOR-TITLE INDEX. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,34,35,36,37,
38,39,40
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PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE; t 7ILITARY ASPECTS
PART II
1. CHUBAK, Benjamin. Bibliography of Morale. N. Bergen, N.J.
191,14 34 pp. (Mimeographed. N.P.)
List of 625 items published between 1937 and 1914. This is
a revision of a list issued in 1913 by the War Service
Committee of The Society for the Psychological Study of
Social Issues.
COFFEY, Lt. Cols. J.I. ?'Psychological Warfare Bibliography."
Term Papers and Book Reports. Washington: Georgetown University
Graduate School., 1953. V.P.
A review of a number of books on psychological warfare wr.i.ch
deal with the following topics: effects of propaganda pn
psychological reactions of the human beings; human attitudes
toward war and peace; public opinion and propaganda in US;
use of propaganda versus individualism; usefulness of the
social sciences in improving hiznen affairs and relations
between nations; military application psychological warfare.,
and its techniques; and psychological warfare operations in
the Western European ampaign during World War II.
3, FARAGO, Ladislas, ed. German. Psychological Warfare; Survey and
Bibliography.. New York C o :-axnittee for National Morale. 1946
4. GASIOROWSKI, Janusz,, BibiographiE. De Psychologie Militaire.
Warsaw : Glo ma Ksiegarnia Wo j skowa., 1.938. .779 pp.
Prepared for the Societe Polonaise des Sciences Militaires,
Section Psychologique., by a PoBch Army general trained in
psychology? Lists 6382 books and journal articles (approx.
1800 German, 1600 French, 900 Russian 800 English and
Americans and 1200 in other 1an.guagcoj.. Titles are in the
original languages., the introduction in French and Polish,
the brief annotations in Polish. Has an alphabetic index of
journals examined; an alphabetic subject index; a listing of
all item numbers grouped alphabetically by country of origin;
and an alphabetic author index of Polish authcrs only.
5. GILBERT, Harry T. Bibliography on Psychological Warfare.
Oct,. 1949. 12 pp.
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Bibliographies
6. MNER, Daniel Sykewar. New York: G. W. Stewart, 1949.
A bibliography of books, documents (Allied and German),
and articles are 1is:ed on pages 347-399.
7. "Psychological Warfare in Support of Military Operations."
Iashington: Dept. of Stat3. 1951. 25 pp.
A bibliography of selected materials with annotations.
8. SCHERKE, Feliz, and Vitztium, Ursula. Eds. Bibliographie der
ieistigen Kriegfuhrung. :3er7.in: Bernard and Graefe, 1938. 98 pp.
A bibliography of books and articles on psychological warfare
with emphasis on the activities of Britain, France and Germany
during World War I. Also lists general works, works on the
psychology of propaganda, and materials on the national
psychology of the th'ee countries. Author index.
9, SMITH, Bruce Lannes; L.assiell, Darold D.; and Casey, Ralph D.
Propaganda, Communication, and Public Opinion: A Comprehensive
leference Guide, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1946.
1,35 pp.
This Guide, one of tie most detailed existing reference works in
the field, is a sequ:l to PrcDa annda and Promotional Activities:
An Annotated Bibliojz?achy, 1935. Part I, The Science of Mass
Communication, consists of four essays by the authors, on mass
communication channels, content, specialists, and effects.
Part II is an elaborately structured annotated bibliography of
over 2500 books, articles, monographs, etc., published between
1934 and 1943. Exceptionally detailed combined author and
subject index, (The present work is designed as a continuation
of this book in the International political sphere only).
10. SMITH, Chitra M. International Communication and Political Warfare -
An Annotated Bibliography. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, Cat. 1952.
508 pp.
This bibliography of unclassified references was prepared by
contract with the RAAD Corporation. It concentrates on materials
dealing with international propaganda and communication, citing
works on internal propaganda only when they are of more than
general relevance to international politics. It does not deal
with non-political -ropagandc and promotional activities. There
nre 1659 annotated entries.
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-a STANFORD UNIVEMITY. The Hoover Library and InstitLr:be, Stanford
University, California.
The library has large holding of documentary materials on
propaganda in World War IT. According to Daniel Lerner, the
Institute's Director of 1-:search, these include "probably the most
valu^ble collection in the world on the Psychological W.rfare
Division, SHAEF, and other components of propaganda in World
War II." The holdings also includes material from the archives
of the former German Propagr;nda 11Ministry.
12. STMERS, Robert C. ed. rmerica's Weapons of Psychological Warfare.
New York: Wilson, 1951.
bibliography of books, _,,),--)mph lets, documents and periodicals
is listed on pages 198-2O6.
13. tW'OOLBERT, Robert Gale. Foreign Affairs Bibliography: A Selected and
Annotated List of. Books on International Relations, 1932-1942.
New York: Harpers, 1945. 705 pp.
A sequel to Foreign Affairs Bibliography, 1919-1932 published
by the Council in 1933. gists nearly 10,000 titles in 36
languages, about 75% of which appeared in the quarterly
bibliographies in Foreign Affairs. It was compiled by a
University of Denver history professor and veteran bibliographer
.in the field covered by this compilation.
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Effect4.
14. JYNIS, Irving. Air War ard Emotional Stress: Psychological
Studies of Bombing and Civilian Defense. New York: McGraw-Hill.,
l' 51, 280 pp.
A RAND Corporation Reeearch Study, "undertaken in order to
evaluate the psycholopical effects of air warfare and to
indicate the nature of problems in this field which may arise
in planning the defenEe of the United States against air
attack." Part I,: Reactions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki;
Part II.: Effects of Air War; Part III.: Psychological
Aspects of Civilian Defense. 8'?.-page bibliography. Index.
15. SUMMERS, Robert C. ed. lmerica' s Weapons of Psychological
14. irf are.
SEE # 53.
lb, TAYLOR, Edmond. Strategy of Terror.
SEE # 22.
Instruction
17. HJ-RTER, D. Lincoln, and Jotn Sullivan. Propaganda Handbook.
Philadelnhia: Twentieth Century, 1953. 440 pp.
Defines and illustrates the technique of propaganda so that
the layman can detect them when used by others. Demonstrates
how techniques can be adapted by the layman to his own
requirements.
18. BORNSTEIN, Joseph, and Pau R. Milton. Action Against the Enemy's
M:_nd. Indianapolis: BobbE- Merrill, 1942. 294 PP.
A discussion of psychological warfare, for the layman, focussed
on American problems zrnd needs in the early part of World War II.
Book I by Bornstein de~scribes?,he organizations, principles and
methods of German psytthologica_L var'irre. Book II by Milton
deals with conditions in American society that tend to cause
vulnerability to Axis propaganda. The final chapters deal with
American psyeholorica:. warfare.
1.9. H'JMMEL, William, and Keith Huntress. The Analysis of Propaganda.
N,'w York: William Sloane ilssociates, Inc.,' 1949, 222 pp.
An introduction to propaganda analysis, either for student or
teacher use.
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20. K/M,IINS, B. F. Basic Propaganda. Los Angeles: Houlgato House,
.
1951.
21. LINEBARGER, Paul M. A. Psychological Warfare.
SE # 54
22. TAYLOR, Edmond. Strategy of Terror. New York: Houghton, 1942.
279 pp.
.Technique of psychological warfare., and the effect on those
who are on the receiving end.
23. U. S. Fifth Army. Functions or the Fifth Array Combat Propaganda
Team.
SEE // 75
Mechanical Methods
24. HtNSI (Jean Jacques Waltz), and E. Tonnelat. "Across Enemy
Lines." Divisional Interpreters of.the Officiers Reserve Corns,
French ~rmy0 19/44. 92 pp.
An account of a three year offensive against German morale,
translated by Cpl. Roger Starr, MOTE. Story of a. French non-
com who, after observing a, poorly written leaflet that would
not affect enemy morale, but only bring ridicule, writes a
leaflet which goes through channels, and brings the author
to the War Office in Paris.
I-IASKETYNE, Jasper. Magic--Top Secret. London: Stanley Paul,
1949. 191 pp.
r, theat-ri_c..T magician, i?1I() was eallod upon by the British
govornnorrt "to mob-i.lizc ,',.e world cf mmric OF ainrt Hitler"
Burin,; ,'orl.c' Una- 1', r ;1 t , his e7pr-:x':~_ ncos in inventa.n~},,
plrinrtin. i si_nr. l~ r *e ~c l c ''. ,ar i
jri :r c Y 11 As or
'tt .ci ed t" ti -e }.01ra1.. ng"neors, Ye 'C'c b i d` .nd fr btenecl
the ene.;,.y tr:i_t,i devices 111 1. r5 duru;y guns, tank , -:.pan, :;na
sub:a rines; disguised a.zrl'i_elds, harbors, rind batt l aships;
"invi,sibl.e" iircraft, explosive coal, faked poisoned rats,
1 rtifi.cial smoke, nd edible maps.
MilitRr7 Instruction
26. HUSEN, Torsten. Militar Psykologi. (Military Psychology)
Stockholm.: Seelig, 1.941. 9,': pp.
Discussion of the use of psychology in primitive and modern
warfare. Includes sections on the use of fifth columns,
school teaching, and German culture for propaganda purposes,
and propaganda in the two World Wars. Compares the use of
psychological warfare in Europe and in America.
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Nilitaiy Instruction (cont'd) Books
27. Lf S!JEIL, Harold D. Propaganda Technique in the World War.
Landon: Kegan Paul, 1927. 229 pp.
An account of the propaganda programs of the European War.
Chanter VII reviews tYe techniques of combat propaganda
employed by both the Illies and the Central Powers and the
achievements of each. Chapters VIII and IX discuss the
conditions and method of propaganda and the results
obtained from the various types of psychological warfare
campaigns.
28, N,'TIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. Psychology for the Armed Services.
(Edited by Edwin G. Boring for the Committee on a Textbook of
ft litary Psychology.) Wastington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press,
045. 533 pp.
This textbook and handbook of psychology for general use
by members of the 3trmed Services was prepared with the collabor-
ation of many specialists. Aires to outline "the military and
naval applications of psychological principles" more fully than
its predecessor, s c} olony for the Feting Man (191+3 ).
Chapters on motivntior and morale, leadership, rumor, panic and
mobs, asses-sing opinion, propaganda and psychological warfare,
and differences among the peoples of the world.
29. STMONEIT, Uax. Wehrpsyehclogie. Berlin: Bernard and Graefe,
1'fl3. 161 pp.
& basic German textbook of military psychology written by the
scientific director of the High Command's Central Psychological
Laboratory.
29A. SCHR.AMM, Wilbur. et al 1 he Nature of Psychological Warfare.
Chevy Chase, Md.: John Hopkins Univ., January 1953. 288 pp.
This book is a genera:. introduction to the principles and
practice of psychological warfare.
Nature and Theory of P.W.
30. KILIJARVI, Thorsten V. I Kern World Politics. New York: Crowell,
1045. 852 pp.
7 -says by 28 eontribir:ors on the background and trends of
international politic:;. Includes chapters on the press,
psychological warfare, international espionage and fifth
columns, and internat:onal movements.
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31. KISHLER, John P. , et al. Rumor, A Review of the Literature.
New York: Dunlap, 1952. 121 pp.
A compendium of information on rumor, giving the origin, uses,
diffusion, effects on human behavior, and utilization of rumors
in arf are.
32. TE 3JIER, Daniel, ed. Prop aga:~:rda in i ar and Crisis. New York:
George U. Stewart, 1951. 500 .~~p.
The most convenient existing collection of writings on
psychological warfare by ;oeial scientists, publicists, intelli-
gence and communication s-oecialists, etc. "Several items were
prepared especially for this volume; others are declassified war
documents here printed for the first time. A substantial number
are reprinted from the learned journals and from specialized
volumes designed to reach only small professional groups.
Several items were taken :'rom current publications." The 27
papers by 21.4 authors and co-authors are organized into 4 parts:
I. "The Twentieth Century Background"; II. "Policy, Intelli-
gence and Propaganda"; III. "The Organization of Purpose and
Persons"; and IV. "The !']valuation of Propaganda Effects."
33. MCKINZIE, Vernon. Here Lies Goebbols. London: Joseph, 1940. 319 pp.
A survey of propaganda from Bismarck to Goebbels, analyzing in
detail the propaganda machine of the Third Reich, its technique
and effectiveness.
34.
S+1VA, George, Pseud,
War Without Guns; the Psychological Front.
London: Faber, 1943.
156 pp.
All phases of psychological warfare considered. Final chapter is
Planned National Psychology.
35.
SPEIER, Hans. Social Order and the Risks of War: Papers in Political
Sociology. New York: George U. Stewart, 1952. 497 pp.
Collection of papers written over a twenty-year period by a noted
social scientist. Part IV. (pp. 323-455) consists of nine
important papers on Political 1?arfare, including "War aims in
PoliticalUarfare," '"'Re-education'--The U.S. Policy," and
"Psychological Warfare Reconsidered."
36. STEED, Wickham. The Fifth Arm. London: Constable and Co., 1949
162 pp.
Essay by a prominent British nublic:ist on the nature and role
of propaganda. Chapter headings: I. A War of Faiths;
II. The Fifth Amy in 191.5; III. German Propaganda Before
Hitler; IV. German Propaganda under Hitler; V. The Work in
Hand; and VI. The Weapon of the Mind.
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"actic-,l and Strategic
37. LPORT, Gordon W., and Lec Postman., The Psychology of Rumor.
Now York: Holt, 1947. 24, pp.
:i comprehensive treatnont of rumor by two Harvard psychologists.
Includes a discussion of the nature and origins of rumor; the
psychological mechani.ms involved in its dissemination; its
analysis and control;rnd the role of rumor in propaganda and
opinion for_iation. Bgsed largely on experimental studies of
wartime rumors, and tie experiences of the OWI and of "rumor
clinics."
3`'. B ~:R , t , Edward '.J, Truth is our Weapon. New York: Funk and Wagnalls
Co., 1.953. 355 pp.
The importance of nsyc hologica:! warfare; ocmraunist propaganda
tactics; and the contention that an international campaign of
truth - when linked with firm, diplomatic, economic and military
politics - can yield Last returns. The faltering progress of
international nersuasion as conducted by the US Information
Service and other propaganda agencies; lessons learned from the
exnoriment; and guide: f -or the future, such as: (1) first
r=ate executives; (2) !residential support and liaison at all
levels; and (3) tactical direction on the scene rather than in
:1nshinpton.
39, B~~I'lOV, I. Ia, 0 Iazyke gitatora. (On the Agitator's Language.
"nscow, 1948. 55 pp.
14 handbook r'or nropaatndists in the Soviet JLrmed Forces. It
'cals with the method o" nrenaring a political lecture, the
selection of material, the languagE to be used, and methods
of 1e1ivery.
to. C. f30LL, Wallace. Persuac.e or Perish, Boston: Houghton, 1949.
12 up.
The strategy and timing of propaganda in relation to military
operations. An evalutition of ,he British and American coopera
t'.on in this field during the war.
Al. 37 LINGER, Harold. The A:d.s or- the Air. New York: Bobbs-Merrill,
1043. 318) pp.
Chicago Sun solumnist -rives an account of German, Japanese, and
Italian radio uropag?na3a, 1939-1943, based partly on OWI
monitoring ''ecords. Contains a chapter each on Soviet, American,
and British wartime broadcasts.
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Tactical and Strategic (cont1d)
/.2. FELLERS, Bonner. Thought I it Against the Kremlin. Chicago:
Henry Regnory Co., 1949. it. pp.
The necessity of offensive action in psychological warfare,
d3. FRIEDGOOD, Harry B. On the Psycho-Military Nature of Soviet
Aggression, with Specific Proposals for a Pro-Democratic Psychological.
Counteroffensive. Los Angeles: University of California, 1.951
110 pp. (Unpublished; dittoed)
Memorandum by an associate clinical professor of medicine. Part
I. "The Pattern and Operational Strategy of Modern Psychological
Warfare as Practised by the USSR"; Part II. "Problems Confront-
ing; the Democracies in their Search for an ...Approach to the
Task of i outral .zing anal Destroying, the USSR's Psychological
attack"; Part III. "Specific Proposals... "A Psychiatrically
Oriented Expose."
4 . FUI...T..EI.I, John F. Maj. Gen. He,! to Defeat Russia. London: Eyre and
Spotti swoode, 1.951. 16 pp.
A British General presents a psychological and military program,
based on the psychological offensive. His suggestions include
establishment of a central western organ of information and
propaganda, and stimulation of resistance movements and the
"potential Tito_idm" which he says exists in all Russian-
controlled countries.
45. GOSS, H:i_lton P. Civilian Morale Under Aerial Bombardment.. 1914-
1939. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.: 1.948. 296 pp.
1. Air University Libraries, Documentary Research Division.
A detailed, docvxi.onted account of .aerial warfare from the Italo-
Ttnrk?sh war through the Spanish Civil War, designed to assess
"reactions of civilian populations." Concludes that no one
"could safely say that ma--s bomb?xdnent of civilians would either
stiffen or break the will. to resist."
46. HOIE, Henry Reed, Black M::i.i1, New York: Raders Book Service, Inc.,
1914. 89 pp,
Before Pearl Harbor, subversive groups in the U.S. used direct
mail and the congros,sionnI franking privilege for political
propaganda purposes. A direct mail advertising expert here
describes their activities.
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Tactic