THE PLANETARY PRODUCT IN 1980: A CREATIVE PAUSE?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 132
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 20, 2009
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: August 1, 1981
• Content Type: REPORT

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The
Planetary Product
in 1980:
A Creative Pause?
STAT
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STAT
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The Planetary Product in 1980:
A Creative Pause?
Prefatory Note The views and conclusions in this report are solely the author's and should
not be interpreted as representing the official opinion or policy of the US
Government.
In compiling my figures on world output, I have made use of a "Third
World Supplement" to adjust for the substantial understatement of
economic activity in the poorer regions of the globe. This adjustment is
explained in the text (see p. 11) and is reflected in the numerical estimates
of the summary. Unless otherwise indicated, figures in the text include the
Third World Supplement for less developed countries.
In preparing this paper I have drawn on many sources and have received
helpful advice and information from many scholars. To all of them my
warmest thanks, in particular to
=who reviewed and edited the manuscript carefully and understand-
ingly. As to the errors and shortcomings that undoubtedly mar my report:
mea culpa!
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The Planetary Product in 1980:
A Creative Pause?
Summary This latest edition of a one-man effort to assess the world's total output
over three decades encounters numerous factual, conceptual, and method-
ological hurdles. Part I describes these difficulties, explains the meaning
and reliability of the detailed statistical tables, and examines the relation-
ships between a hard-to-grasp reality and its representation in figures. Part
II considers the political and economic influences that have led to wide
regional differences in growth.
Even counting recent years of economic sputtering, the past third of this
century has proved a period of unprecedented luxuriance. Much of it has
been beneficial, some of it problematical. In 1980, according to this report,
4.5 billion people shared a planetary product of $11.3 trillion, or $2,500 per
capita. (See table 1; all figures in this report are in 1980 US dollars, unless
otherwise stated.) From 1950 through 1980 the planetary product quadru-
pled in real terms, rising at an average annual rate of 4.6 percent.
Meantime, world population grew about 2 percent annually, or to 1.8 times
its 1950 level. This has meant an average per capita increase in output of
2.6 percent per annum; thus, per capita output slightly more than doubled
in the 30-year period. All these rates represent a historical quantum jump
over preceding decades and centuries. How did demographic and economic
development interact? In advanced countries modest population increase
was not a drag on economic expansion; in backward areas the population
explosion definitely retarded the well-being of the masses.
The level of well-being and the rate of advance differed by period, by
region, and by individual nation-state. The planetary product grew at 4.8
percent in the 1950s, accelerated to 5.2 percent between 1960 and 1973,
then fell back to 3.3 percent-all high rates by historical standards. We are
now probably in a "creative pause" rather than in the transition from a
long boom to an era of sluggish growth.
In the economic marathon, nations performed at different speeds with
variations over time. The United States with a 3.3 percent average annual
rate of growth over 30 years was somewhat below the world average. This
was a reversal of the long-term American record before the First World
War. Then the US economy grew by an above-average yearly rate of more
than 4 percent; by the turn of the century it was the largest unit in the
world economy with a share in the planetary product of almost one quarter.
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The Planetary Product, 1980: Summary Figures
(GNP/GDP includes Third World Supplements)
GNP/GDP
(Billion 1980
US Dollars)
Share of
World GNP/GDP
(Percent)
Population,
Mid-1980
(Millions)
Share of
World
Population
(Percent)
Per Capita
GNP/GDP
(1980 US Dollars)
World
11,269.1
100.0
4,487.9
100.0
2,511
Developed countries
8,475.6
75.2
1,185.2
26.4
7,151
Less developed countries
2,793.5
24.8
3,302.7
73.6
846
Non-Communist countries
8,792.4
78.0
2,962.2
66.0
2,968
Developed
6,655.2
59.1
787.8
17.6
8,448
Less developed
2,137.1
19.0
2,174.4
48.5
983
Communist countries
2,476.7
22.0
1,525.6
34.0
1,623
Developed
1,820.4
16.2
397.4
8.9
4,581
Less developed
656.4
5.8
1,128.3
25.1
582
NATO countries
of which:
4,951.9
43.9
578.5
12.9
8,560
United States
2,556.7
22.7
227.6
5.1
11,231
France
504.9
4.5
53.6
1.2
9,420
Germany (Federal Republic)
642.8
5.7
61.3
1.4
10,487
Italy
303.5
2.7
57.2
1.3
5,308
United Kingdom
297.6
2.6
55.9
1.2
5,323
Warsaw Pact countries
1,748.1
15.5
375.0
8.4
4,662
USSR
1,280.1
11.4
265.5
5.9
4,822
Bulgaria
29.9
0.3
8.9
0.2
3,368
Czechoslovakia
85.0
0.8
15.3
0.3
5,540
Germany (Democratic Republic)
99.6
0.9
16.8
0.4
5,945
Hungary
39.4
0.3
10.7
0.2
3,664
Poland
124.9
1.1
35.6
0.8
3,511
Romania
89.3
0.8
22.2
0.5
4,015
OPEC countries
559.7
5.0
335.4
7.5
1,669
Japan
955.3
8.5
117.0
2.6
8,163
China (Mainland)
591.7
5.3
1,032.1
23.0
573
India
302.1
2.7
680.1
15.2
444
Note: The dividing line between developed and less developed
countries in this report is a 1979 per capita product of $2,245
(excluding Third World Supplements), expressed in constant dollars
of 1980 purchasing power. This is roughly equivalent in purchasing
power to the $1,000 divide established in this series in 1967 (see the
text, p. 6). Totals and per capita figures in this table are computed
from unrounded components.
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It became a managerial-technical inspiration to other advanced economies
and, with a hegemonial position after the Second World War, its modes of
production, distribution, and consumption radiated across other lands. Yet
US economic growth remained below that of the rest of the world-not
only in the interwar period with its Great Depression. In the 1950s the US
rate versus that of all other countries was 3.2 percent versus 5.4 percent;
between 1960 and 1973, 4.0 percent versus 5.6 percent; from 1973-80, 2.1
percent versus 3.6 percent. The American share in the planetary pie,
during the war perhaps 40 percent to 50 percent, dropped by 1980 to 22.7
percent, close to the percentage of 1900. Do these rates inspire a feeling of
deja vu? They echo the British experience: growth above the world average
during the Industrial Revolution and up to the second third of the past cen-
tury; afterwards below average.
And there is a third case of a model slowing down. During the Great
Depression and again during Khrushchev's years of "growthmanship," the
USSR had been a wonderment-and not only for confirmed Communists.
But in the three subperiods just mentioned its average annual growth rates
declined from 5.9 percent to 4.9 percent to 2.7 percent.
The circumstances responsible for growth variations by country and period
can be grouped into seven categories. Some of them are mutually exclusive;
most of them may be present in combination with others.
First, the degree of resource utilization differed, normally as a result of cy-
clical fluctuations. In quite a few postwar years American rates were
depressed by recessions, mild though most of them were. During the 1950s,
the West European countries, Japan, and others expanded with the speed
peculiar to reconstruction after war. More recently, individual countries
have experienced fluctuations in growth rates because of local wars and
revolutions, usually followed by periods of rehabilitation.
Second, productivity gains or losses, especially as a result of changes in
management and technology, have been of key importance. Managerial-
technical developments-with the United States the leading innovator and
others taking over American achievements-remain a crucial source of
economic growth. Advances of this kind are hard to quantify since
productivity, i.e., output per unit of inputs, is a residue or even an open-
ended miscellany, while advance in knowledge is even a residue within the
residue and a miscellany in the miscellany. Productivity measures are
illustrative rather than precise.
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Third, the extent of liberalization or obstruction of international flows of
goods and services has changed among countries and from period to period.
With the United States shedding much of its previous protectionist
inclination, trade liberalization has prevailed through most of the postwar
period. Economic expansion profited from' a climate of freer trade and
greater financial mobility. This is exemplified by the European Communi-
ty, by Japan, and by many less developed countries, above all by the so-
called New Industrializing Countries (usually including the Republics of
China and Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore, Greece and Portugal, and
Brazil and Mexico). The experience of the New Industrializing Countries
attests to the success that market economies can achieve through a
dynamic and inventive use of the worldwide division of labor. Recently,
however, protectionism seems to be staging a comeback as the result of a
rash of global economic difficulties.
Fourth, growth performance has reflected differences in inputs of labor,
capital, and land. Economic growth has been registered under widely
varying circumstances, e.g., with productivity gains compensating for small
inputs, with both inputs and productivity soaring, and with massive inputs
boosting output in the absence of productivity gains. The United States
expanded up to 1973 through sharp increases in productivity but with small
additions to inputs. Japan achieved its sensational growth with a combina-
tion of productivity gains in a creative adaptation of the American model
and extraordinary and well-directed increases in physical and human
capital (made easier because the United States took care of the country's
defense needs). The USSR owed its GNP growth to massive increases in
inputs while productivity improved little; it even declined in recent years.
The current ma! Russe is easily explicable in terms of the competition of
military outlays with investments in new productive equipment and
methods; diminishing returns in the production of primary goods; the
limitations on growth in the labor force caused by low birth rates in
previous years; and the need to bolster sagging morale with offerings of
consumer goods.
Fifth, "resource power" or the lack thereof has figured in the fortunes of
some countries. OPEC's apex is a prime example of the successful
exploitation of raw material resources on a market ripe for cartel action
under auspicious political circumstances, namely, superpower rivalry for
the support of small countries. To judge from shaky statistics, the 13
OPEC members in 1980 had more than 10 times their combined GNP of
1950. But the case of Iran shows that enrichment may have its own
drawbacks.
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Sixth, there is the distortion of rates of economic growth and productivity
because of variations or vagaries in statistical procedure. Examples: in the
case of government' activities and some other service sectors, productivity
gains may be undercounted and increasing capital intensity may not be
captured in the data; economic growth may be exaggerated, on the other
hand, as long as environmental damage is neglected.
Finally, the elements enumerated have been strengthened and weakened by
forces of cyclical, structural, systemic, and accidental character. Toward
the end of the 1950s a hubris developed both in East and West. It was
fueled by Khrushchev's boasts that the USSR would soon overtake the
United States-boasts given substance by the high Soviet growth rates of
the time and by the Sputnik flight in 1957. The United States, in turn, rose
to counter the challenge in the economic, space, and military realms.
American policymakers subsequently overrated their ability to pay for
Great Society programs and a distant war without recourse to inflationary
financing and without provoking international currency troubles. An
overheated economy in the United States, and in much of the rest of the
world, added to OPEC's ability to exploit the energy market in 1973-74.
The "oil crunch," in turn, worsened the gathering recession by dislocating
key industries and disarranging financial flows. And yet, the Western
market economies withstood the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
with a remarkable flexibility and resourcefulness. On the other hand, the
Soviet-style command economy-actually favored by the rise in gold and
energy prices and the decline of the dollar-responded with the nimbleness
of a mastodon; the Kremlin had to face new shortages at home and
increased difficulties in its orbit, such as de facto bankruptcy in Poland.
Output in combination with population data can be used as an indicator of
world power relations as long as other elements of the game are kept in
mind, to wit, leadership, popular moods, geopolitics, military prowess, and
Fortune. Our figures show that East-West balances have been more stable
than North-South balances. The US-USSR demographic ratio, which in
Russia's imperial days, e.g., 1860, was 44:100, rose to 85:100 by 1950 and
has not changed since then. The NATO-Warsaw Pact demographic ratio
has remained at 155:100. As soon as we compare developed and underde-
veloped countries, however, shifts are encountered. The combined popula-
tions of NATO plus Warsaw Pact as a share of mankind declined from
27.2 percent in 1950 to 21.2 percent in 1980; by the year 2050, only one
lifespan away, the percentage may drop to 11 percent-or even lower if
bear and eagle devour each other with nothing left but their tails.
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The US-USSR GNP ratio-roughly 250:100 on the eve of both the First
and the Second World Wars-was 300:100 in 1950 and declined to
200:100 by 1970; since then it has not appreciably changed. The GNP
.ratio between NATO and the Warsaw Pact was 355:100 in 1950 and is
now 285:100, the difference being chiefly attributable to lower US growth.
The American share in NATO's output declined from 59 percent in 1950
to 52 percent in 1980, while the Soviet share in Warsaw Pact output
increased from 71 percent to 73 percent. The political implications for the
leader's position in each alliance are obvious.
By counting in the US allies in the Pacific and Soviet associates like Cuba,
Mongolia, and Indochina, the demographic ratio between West and East
increases to 170:100, and the economic ratio-with Japan a heavyweight-
increases to 350:100. The Japanese-Soviet demographic ratio has been as
stable as East-West ratios in general (now about 45:100), but the GNP
ratio has changed dramatically; Japanese GNP, which was 28 percent of
Soviet GNP in 1950, had risen to 75 percent of Soviet GNP by 1980.
Statistics are highly uncertain for the People's Republic of China, which
harbors about 23 percent of all ankind. We have adopted the estimates
which put Chinese GNP at about 45
percent of Soviet GNP, or twice as large as Indian GNP. The implied 30
percent per capita edge of the PRC over India may be on the high side.
Within the Third World (i.e., the non-Communist less developed countries),
India is the largest unit with 31 percent of the population and 14 percent of
the combined GNP; the difference between these percentages suggests the
dire poverty of the average Indian. The Third World accounts for 2,174
million inhabitants, or nearly half of the world total, and $2.1 trillion in
GNP, or 19 percent of total world output. In both the non-Communist and
Communist spheres, the ratio of per capita GNP between developed and
underdeveloped nations is about 8:1. OPEC members, ranging from very
rich to very poor, have a 7.5-percent share in mankind (two-thirds of this
percentage being attributable to Indonesia and Nigeria) and a 5-percent
share of the planetary product.
STAT
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Contents
iii
Summary
1. Statistical Preliminaries 1
Interdependence Between Reality and Its Statistical Reflection 1
General Remarks on Statistics 1
Communist and Non-Communist: A Problematical Distinction 2
Developed and Less Developed Countries-Another Troublesome 4
Pair of Concepts
Demographic Revisions 6
What Concept of National Aggregates? 7
Exchange Rates and Purchasing-Power Parities 9
Trouble With OPEC 12
Comparing Soviet and US Aggregates 13
Statistical Options on the PRC 14
The Catchalls, or Sundries 15
II. Economic and Political Findings 17
An Era of Luxuriance 17
US Growth Below World Average 18
The Factors at Work 19
Different Degrees of Resource Utilization 19
Managerial-Technological Progress 19
Trade Liberalization 20
Growth Through Massive Inputs 21
"Resource Power" 22
Statistical Procedures Affecting Growth Rates 22
Hubris and Despondency in Economic History 23
East-West Ratios 24
PRC and India in the World Balance 25
Coda on the North-South Problem 27
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1.
The Planetary Product, 1980; Summary Figures (GNP/GDP
iv
Includes Third World Supplements)
2.
Number of Independent States, by Region and Major Category,
5
1980
Appendix Tables
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The Planetary Product in 1980:
A Creative Pause?
This issue of The Planetary Product presents, as in
previous years, estimates of the nations' product in
total and per capita for practically all countries and
important groups of countries between 1950 and
1980. The report grew out of a comparison of East-
West economic strength in 1949, a time of grave
American-Soviet tension. In the 1940s decolonization
was already on its way; as it gathered speed, North-
South relations became a universal problem. In the
1960s this publication was extended to include North-
South comparisons; it became planetary.
Interdependence Between Reality and Its Statistical
Reflection
In covering this planet, the author has kept his
distance from other celestial bodies, except for a
facetious Lorenz curve for the moon after the 1969
Apollo flights. Even so, the reader will quickly note
that output calculations over time and space have an
Einsteinian quality. The economic concepts and statis-
tical methods employed to grasp an elusive "reality"
yield often bewilderingly different results, each of
them presumably reflecting the peculiar "true-to-life"
General Remarks on Statistics
Comparative statistics should ideally be constructed
with exactly the same concepts and methods. For
example: one should measure output either (a) in
terms of gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasers'
values or at factor cost or (b) in terms of correspond-
ing data for the gross national product (GNP); one
should move national statistics over time with a
specific type of deflator; and one should convert
national values into dollars with a single rate of
exchange for each currency or, if the official or
market rates are problematical, at purchasing power
parities of a given definition and composition. The
statistics in this report do not match these ideal
specifications. As will be noted on subsequent pages,
different approaches could not be avoided, either
because the desired figures are not available and it
would be far too time consuming to replace existing
figures with estimates, or because the method used in
general did not yield a reasonable result in a specific
case.
This leads to a related situation, which must be openly
confronted. Occasionally the statistician faces a di-
lemma. Either he puts up with conclusions inherent in
the underlying materials and lets the chips fall as they
may (in this case the chips off the old Block), or he
cannot reconcile himself to findings strongly at odds
with his picture of "reality" and so, his eyes in a fine
frenzy rolling, he tinkers with the figures. I do not
believe that any statistician escapes this dilemma
entirely. I favor an occasional tinkering, provided the
tinker puts his cards on the table and lets the readers
judge.
then, in a second part, to a more detailed discussion of The observer of the global economic scene must be
the substantive results. alert to the manipulation of statistics for political or
ideological reasons. The greater the role of govern-
ment in the economy, the greater the temptation for
assumptions adopted. Insofar as the findings influence
the perceptions of public opinion and leadership, the
mirrors of reality begin to influence reality itself. To
use an overworked expression, an "interdependence"
exists between the happenings in the economy and
their analysis. (The interplay between reality and
perception is still more consequential when military
"gaps" between powers are calculated and acted
upon.) Since major findings of this report are briefly
enumerated in the Summary, we turn first to the
concepts and methods underlying the statistics and
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statistical offices to accommodate the policymakers,
and the greater the need for control and for checks
and balances. This warning applies even to countries
with a respectable tradition of objective reporting.
Farther down the line one can only wonder. On one
little developed country it was reported that statistics
are made ad hoc according to expectations.
In many nation-states a sizable part of economic
activity consists of illegal or extralegal activity that
normally is not captured in official statistics. The
extent of this "second economy" is largely a function
of the scope of government. Centrally planned econo-
mies (CPEs) almost inevitably have a large second
economy. The second economy in the USSR is prob-
ably second to none.' But the scope of the "second" or
"parallel" or "hidden" economy is growing also in
mixed economies. Some of these activities are meant
to escape taxes and similar levies, others trade in
goods and services under prohibition for health and
moral reasons. In one Caribbean country, marijuana
shipments are said to exceed all legal exports. Need-
less to say, the extent of surreptitious outputs and
sales is uncertain. Given the sometimes titillating
circumstances of the transactions and their detection,
reports may well exaggerate the volume of activity.
In a worldwide survey covering a third of a century,
many data are estimates or even outright guesses.
This is particularly true of states that restrict the
publication of information; possess only a limited
statistical know-how; and face extensive social turmoil
(such as Lebanon or Iran); also, data for the earlier
years in our tables are less solid than for the later
years. I remarked in a previous report that what is to
the right of the decimal point is usually beside the
point. What is to the left is occasionally almost as
bad. Yet our demographic figures in the appendix
tables are represented in thousands; total product, in
millions of dollars; and per capita product in dollars.
They do not indicate precision; they were presented
because in totaling up or extrapolating figures too
much rounding off distorts the results. In the appen-
dix table showing shares of the planetary product and
'See Gregory Grossman's well-reasoned "Notes on the Illegal
Private Economy and Corruption" in the Joint Economic Commit-
tee report Soviet Economy in a Time of Change, vol. 1, pp. 834-
855, Washington, D.C., 10 October 1979.
population, the two decimal places reflect only a
desire not to let the smaller countries drift into the
statistical limbo of "0.00"! Even this heroic measure
fails to provide a significant figure for the products of
Belize and The Gambia; and it leaves us with anoma-
lies such as Qatar, the country with the highest per
capita product, not registering in the population-share
table.
The dollars used in this report reflect their 1980
buying power, unless otherwise stated. The revised
official US deflators for gross national and domestic
product indicate between 1978 and 1979 a price rise
of 8.5 percent, for 1980 over 1979 of 9 percent (the
consumer price index rose in each year by 11.3
percent). For conversion of 1979 dollars to 1980
dollars, the less rounded (not necessarily more exact)
factor of 1.0896 has been used.
All the data for 1980, official or not, are preliminary
and will undergo some revision in the course of 1981
or even thereafter (everything in life is preliminary).
Revisions published in recent weeks for 1980 or
earlier years were taken into account as much as
possible either in the tables (e.g., US population
figures increased in the wake of the 1980 Census) or
in the text (such as recalculated estimates for US
national accounts and new census data for Indonesia
and Brazil).
Communist and Non-Communist: A Problematical
Distinction
Political nomenclature shares the unstable character
of the human species. Animals and plants transform
themselves over aeons, political bodies in a matter of
years. Their ever changing groups affect even the
meaning of geographic designations. Western Europe,
for instance, used to describe European countries
bordering the Atlantic; now the term often includes
Finland (lying to the east of Poland) and Turkey (97
percent in Asia Minor). Israel, a country entirely in
Asia, is shifted to "Europe" in UN population statis-
tics. Another Asian country, Indonesia, in its charac-
ter thoroughly Asian, becomes in the World Bank
Atlas part of Oceania, a name that we limit to two
large island nations (colonized by Europeans) and
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assorted small isles. Japan belongs in modern lingo to
the "West," Cuba to the "East." This report began 32
years ago as a comparison between East and West in
the context of postwar political rivalry; it still uses the
expressions East and West, irrespective of what the
magnetic needle shows, as synonyms for Communist
and non-Communist.
The latter pair of designations has its own problems as
a global subdivision. It was appropriate 30 years ago
when (with the sole exception of Yugoslavia after the
1948 break with Moscow) the entire Communist
world was identical with the Soviet Bloc and as such
in a not exactly splendid isolation from the outside
world. But the term non-Communist was never satis-
factory, because a negative was used to cover a great
variety of mainly positive political and economic
structures embracing two-thirds of mankind and four-
fifths of its product. Any justification for this label
must turn to Spinoza's "omnis determinatio negatio"
(every definition must be negative). The negation
indicates the diverse character of countries that were
not created in the Soviet image and thus do not
exhibit the combination of institutions and policies
peculiar to the USSR. These characteristics include
the "centrally planned economy" that the United
States and the World Bank highlight in their classifi-
cations. Indeed, Communist countries do their level
best to own and administer practically everything and
to regiment everybody, market forces playing a sub-
sidiary role except on the thriving gray and black
markets. But this economic system is blended with an
ideology in the name of Marx and a governance in the
name of Lenin; with the help of the police, a self-
appointed leader or leaders dominates a one-and-only
party, the government apparatus, trade unions, and
the enterprises. Some of these features can be found
in various countries of the "non-Communist" world;
their deliberate combination makes a country Com-
munist. But a common system does not prevent
humans from starting quarrels among themselves.
From a political angle the entries at the end of
appendix table 1 tell the current story better than a
division between Communist and non-Communist.
They provide data for:
? The Western camp, i.e., the whole of NATO and
our "Pacific Allies," namely Japan, Australia, New
Zealand, and the Republics of China and Korea.
? The People's Republic of China, in isolation, though
former Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger
has called it the 16th member of NATO.
? The Eastern camp, i.e., the members of the Warsaw
Pact (the East European Mutual Assistance Treaty)
and other Soviet associates (Mongolia, Cuba, and
Vietnam, which, in turn, has a hold over Kampu-
chea and Laos).
On both sides we find mugwumps, a role much more
difficult in the East than in the West. Among Com-
munist countries the People's Republic of Korea
appears to sit on the fence, and Albania manages to
sit in judgment over all the rest as the only outfit truly
Communist. We do not classify as "Communist"
Soviet-occupied Afghanistan and several countries in
Asia (such as the People's Democratic Republic of
Yemen, Aden), in Africa (Ethiopia, etc.), and Latin
America. These may or may not become Soviet-type
Communist countries within Moscow's realm. Some
of them may disentangle themselves from the Soviet
connection, as did Chile in 1973 after three *ruinous
years of "Marxist" rule under Allende. However, the
brittleness of alliances is not limited to one side.
In all the attached tables, the term "Communist" or
"non-Communist" refers to the status of a country in
1979, likewise the lines labeled NATO, Warsaw Pact,
OECD, European Community, or OPEC (the War-
saw Pact was formed in 1955; the EC, then six
members, in 1958; OPEC in 1960; etc.). Cuba fell
under Castro's rule in 1959 and soon became Com-
munist. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam conquered
South Vietnam in 1975 and Laos and Kampuchea at
about the same time. The exclusion for the year 1950
of Cuba, South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia would
reduce the combined national products of "Commu-
nist" regions by less than 2 percent, their population
by less than 3 percent. Between 1960 and 1974, with
Cuba Communist, the economic difference is 0.5
percent, the demographic difference 2 percent. In
other words, including these countries under "Com-
munist" in years when they were still non-Communist
makes hardly any difference in a comparison of the
two camps.
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But the other "Soviet associates" are not to be
overlooked as adjuncts to the Warsaw Pact. Together
with Mongolia they increase the Warsaw Pact prod-
uct by a mere 2 percent but the Warsaw Pact
population by 20 percent, the latter percentage chiefly
because of the large number of Vietnamese. Economi-
cally Cuba and Indochina are a drain on the USSR
(and Kampuchea and Laos on Vietnam); the Kremlin
must consider the cost worth the strategic advantages
in its power game with the United States and the
PRC. The importance of the Soviet associates as
political opportunities (as well as risks) greatly exceeds
their significance in economic or even in demographic
terms.
The Communist world has its own North-South ten-
sion; in fact, the Sino-Soviet rivalry appears at times
more virulent than the East-West conflict. This report
lists as "developed Communist countries" the seven
members of the Warsaw Pact plus Yugoslavia; all
other Communist countries, with the PRC providing
the bulk, are considered "less developed."
Developed and Less Developed Countries-Another
Troublesome Pair of Concepts
This leads to the second main subdivision, namely
between developed and less developed countries. The
concepts represent a euphemism hiding embarrass-
ment. After all, it would be most impolite as well as
impolitic to divide the world into advanced and
backward nations; it would also subordinate the Tat-
ter's cultural qualities to a classification derived from
the dismal science. In a desire to avoid judgments on
spiritual, social, and political values, I established in
the Planetary Product report for 1967 a divide of
$1,000 product per capita between developed and less
developed countries. At 1980 prices the $1,000 has
risen to roughly $2,245. For each group, I established
three subgroups (see the brackets in table 2). Because
the 1980 GNP/GDP data are still relatively fluid, the
ranking of countries by per capita product is based on
1979 product expressed in 1980 dollars.
As time passes, nations may change their rank within
a bracket or move from one group to another. Many
nations manage to overcome their underdevelop-
ment-after all, in past centuries all mankind was
underdeveloped-and join the club of developed na-
tions. The transition involves not just passing a magi-
cal statistical point, but moving through a lengthy
period of wrenching social adjustments. In our list
Argentina is still carried as "less developed," while
Spain has been considered "developed" for about 10
years. Their economic character is basically not dif-
ferent, except that Argentina has lingered on its
present level for many years; Spain, on the other
hand, has expanded rapidly. Hong Kong moved into
the developed ranks around 1970, Greece by 1972. On
the Communist side, Poland crossed the divide in
1966, Bulgaria and Romania roughly one year later,
and Yugoslavia in 1973.'
Certain cases do not easily fit into this scheme of
things. South Africa's product per capita is clearly
below the divide, but the country has a dual economy,
one part modern and affluent, one part backward and
indigent. India likewise has a sizable modern sector,
yet it does not elevate the country into the realm of a
developed economy; the same is true of South Africa
in its entirety. In other instances, a few countries with
material resources much in demand have soared into a
category of super-rich nations without a correspond-
ing change in the mores and technical skills that
accompany development. It is misleading to say that
oil-producing Qatar or phosphate-producing Nauru
have "overtaken" the American per capita GNP;
Beverly Hills, California, or Chevy Chase, Maryland,
would be in the same position if they were to declare
their independence. These countries are statistical
curiosities; their sovereignty gives them an influence
in world affairs that they could not claim if they were
counties or colonies.
A backward country does not necessarily become
advanced in the wake of a sudden bonanza-the lucre
may lead not to true development but to waste and
strife; nor does a developed country become underde-
veloped during afew years of internal or external
hostilities. Advanced countries are usually capable of
staging a strong comeback when peace is restored,
though it is thinkable that in a peculiar case the
'The GNP figures for non-Soviet Warsaw Pact countries were
calculated by Thad P. Alton and Associates of the Research Project
on National Income in East Central Europe in Economic Growth in
Eastern Europe (Occasional Paper OP-59, New York, 1980).
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Number of Independent Sates,
by Region and Major Category, 1980 ?
North
America
(US, Canada)
Latin
America
Europe
World
2
30
35
37
51
11
166
Non-Communist Countries
2
29
26
31
51
11
150
Developed
2
4
24
10
2
3
45
With 1979 per capita
product of:
$6,733 or more
2
14
5
1
2
24
84,489-6,732
1
3
1
1
6
$2,245-4,488
3
7
4
1
15
Less Developed
25
2
21
49
8
105
With 1979 per capita
product of-
$1,123-2,244
10
1
4
4
1
20
$562-1,122
11
1
5
6
5
28
$561 or less
4
12
39
2
57
Communist Countries
1
9
6
16
Developed
8
$
With 1979 per capita
product of.
$4,489-6,732
3
3
$2,245-4,488
5
5
Less Developed
1
1
6
8
With 1979 per capita
product of:
$1,123-2,244
1
$562-1,122
1
2
3
$561 or less
^ The determination of status as "developed" or "less developed" and
the related per capita product categories are based on 1979 product
(excluding Third World Supplements) expressed in 1980 US dollars.
This table includes 26 independent states distributed among the
"sundry" groups shown in the appendix tables and excludes Puerto
Rico, Hong Kong, and Belize.
population may get stuck in the quagmire. To give
several different examples: Venezuela (per capita
product 1960, $2,120; 1980 about $3,400) appears
headed toward a reasonably sound expansion. Iran
(1960, $850; 1977 $3,290; 1980, a guessed-at $1,460)
had managed its wealth badly. West Germany was
below the divide in the first years after the Second
World War, had rgcovered to $2,860 by 1950, and
stood in 1980 with $ 10,490 per capita GNP as one of
the three or four most advanced countries on the
globe. Lebanon tumbled from about $2,060 in 1974 to
perhaps half that amount by 1980 and faces a be-
clouded future; unquantifiable transfers from abroad
play a big role in determining Lebanon's well-being.
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Demographic Revisions
In 1980, mankind numbered approximately 4.5 billion
persons. These multitudes inhabited 166 "independ-
ent" or "sovereign" states (see table 2) and a few
dozen dependencies left over from the day of colonial
empires. Since my last report, which covered 1978,
five more "nations" came into being; several depend-
encies will become sovereign in the near future. Of all
humankind, 58 percent lived in seven countries with a
population of more than 100 million each (China,
India, the USSR, the United States, Indonesia, Bra-
zil, and Japan); and an additional 18 percent lived in
13 countries with populations between 40 and 100
million. Thus, a number of demographic issues are
decisively affected by the nose counts in a few large
nations. The difficulties in counting the world's people
in an age of rapidly growing population and mass
migrations need not be reviewed here. This report
adopts the foreign population estimates published by
the US Bureau of the Census in its annual volume for
the year 1979.' In addition to extrapolations to 1980,
a few figures differ (the major change concerning
Saudi Arabia). As to this country, results of the US
census of 1980 are included in the tables; the new
official figure for 1 July 1980 is 227.64 million, or 2.5
percent higher than had been projected with the help
of estimates for the immediately preceding years. In
appendix table 2 the difference of 5.443 million people
according to the official reading is distributed at a
constant rate of growth over the years 1971-79; thus
the US 1970 population in the table remains the
estimate according to the 1970 census. As is well
known, there have been voices charging that not only
the old but also the new census undercounted certain
minorities and districts. The Environmental Fund, a
research organization in Washington, D.C. apprehen-
sive about an overpopulated world, opts for a US
population in mid-1980 of 232.4 million. Since immi-
gration, legal and illegal, from Latin America and
particularly from Mexico has contributed to raising
the 1980 census result, the countries of provenance
require demographic downward revisions. Our 1980
population figure for Mexico, 67.4 million, may be too
high; the Environmental Fund guesses at 64 million.
' U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, World
Population 1979, Washington, D.C., October 1980.
While the US census added 5.4 million people to the
world population count, two large nations, Brazil and
Indonesia, reduced it apparently by a combined 6.8
million. The Brazilian 1980 census lowers the popula-
tion total from an extrapolated 121.7 to a recorded
119 million, the Indonesian from 151.2 to 147.4
million, i.e., by over 2 percent in each case. The new
figures have at this writing not yet been sufficiently
scrutinized to warrant incorporation in this report. If
confirmed, the Brazilian per capita product (excluding
Third World Supplement) for 1980 would rise from
$2,067 to $2,113 (at the official rate of exchange); in
other words, Brazil is nearing the threshold of a
developed country in our definition.
The Indonesian announcement of the first census
results contains interesting new insights on the coun-
try's natural increase during the 1970s. The Central
Bureau of Statistics has lowered its figure not only for
1980 but also for 1970, and this means that the
Indonesian population is believed to have grown dur-
ing the past decade not by 2.1 percent but by 2.34
percent. Does this revision for a typical underdevel-
oped country suggest that the supposed decline in
population growth during recent years was less than
what demographers expected? Were the lower birth
rates in some countries the result of wishful counting
by governments trying to solve their population prob-
lem through the statistical offices?
In India a census was conducted in January 1981; the
PRC count, repeatedly postponed, may also come to
pass. The two countries are inhabited by 1.7 billion
people together; demographic uncertainties of even a
few percent involve multitudes. The Government of
the PRC appears to have underestimated the Chinese
population until recently (see The Planetary Product
for 1978, pp. 21-23) but has now moved close to the
median estimate of John S. Aird of the US Bureau of
the Census. Aird has devised alternative series which,
for 1980, range from 976.9-1,077.3 million; this re-
port uses 1,032.1. Aird's latest revisions reduced the
1978 estimate of 1,003.9 (as quoted in our 1978
report, p. 36) to 997.2 million. At the same time,
however, he raised the figure for 1975 from 943 to
949.7 million and, as a consequence, migration being
insignificant, the natural increase declined from an
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apparent 1.6 percent to 1.25 percent. There is no way
to verify either rate; all I can do is append a question
mark and hope for better figures after the contem-
plated census.`
Percent4l ewise the difference between Aird's high
and low series for the PRC is plus or minus 5 percent
compared to the mean value. Population data for high
income OPEC members are quite dubious, since their
boom has attracted large numbers of legal and illegal
immigrants. Although the US Bureau of the Census
(World Population 1979, p. 246) features a figure of
over 9 million for Saudi Arabia in 1979, I use a more
conservative 7.0 million for 1980 and adjust back to
the 1970 figure using a constant rate of growth. In
small countries like Qatar or Kuwait the natives are
now a minority.
What Concept of National Aggregates?
For the purpose of this report I would prefer data in
terms of national income, which is the gross national
product (GNP) less an allowance for capital consump-
tion and less payments (such as indirect taxes and
' Between 1975 and 1980 population growth in the less developed
regions of the world was an estimated 2.2 percent per annum
according to UN statistics. In a country like Nigeria the crude birth
rate in 1977 was 5.0, the death rate 1.8 percent, in Mexico 3.8
percent and 0.8 percent, respectively (World Development Report,
1980, The World Bank, August 1980, pp. 144-145). Some stray
figures from a past age put these data in relief. In 1824 the birth
rate in Berlin was 3.5 percent, the death rate almost 3 percent,
yielding a natural increase of 0.5 percent. Every seventh child was
born out of wedlock; half of these little tots died before their first
birthday (from a guidebook for Berlin and Potsdam, published in
Berlin in 1933, p. 59; facsimile edition, Berlin 1980). Of Naples it is
reported that the 1780 census came up with a birth rate of 3.6
percent for the lay population on the tenuous assumption that
monks, nuns, and other clerics, representing 5.5 percent of the
population, took their vows seriously. If not, the birth rate was 3.4
percent. The death rate is given as no less than 4.6 percent. In other
words, Naples had a natural population decrease, Vedere Napoli e
pal moire. While the Neapolitan census of 1780 is perhaps shakier
than the censuses taken all over the world in 1980, death rates
exceeding birth rates were at that time a common experience in
cities, with frequent epidemics and pathetic health conditions in
general. In the 18th century London had every year 6,000 more
deaths than births (see the stimulating account in William H.
McNeill's Plagues and Peoples, New York, N.Y., 1976, p. 275).
The deficit was more than offset by in-migration from a healthier
countryside. Rural folks filled the city jobs vacated through illness
and death-an important difference, as McNeill points out, from
the condition encountered in many fast-growing modern cities with
unemployed migrants from rural areas in slums.
subsidies) that distort the conceptually correct com-
pensation for labor, capital, and land. However, sets
of national income for international comparison are
not easily available (depreciation is particularly hard
to estimate). So I used GNP data throughout previous
reports. I did so because US statisticians had and still
have a preference for the GNP concept, not without
good reasons. As a result American economists at
universities and in government have recalculated the
official Soviet, East European, and Chinese aggre-
gates in terms of Western-style GNP by (a) adding
services to the Marxist total of Net Material Product;
(b) adapting administrative prices to something ap-
proaching factor cost prices; and (c) eliminating some
distortions in the underlying statistics of those
countries.
Gross national product includes all final goods and
services newly produced in an economy during the
year, i.e., the domestic output of goods and services
plus or minus the balance of foreign transactions. This
balance includes factor payments from other coun-
tries, namely interest, profits, and other earnings from
assets abroad, together with earnings of manpower
temporarily at work abroad and government receipts
from abroad-all of this reduced by corresponding
factor payments to the outside world. The gross
national product, when adjusted by subtracting net
factor payments from other countries, becomes the
gross domestic product (GDP). A country with large
factor payments abroad thus will have a bigger GDP
than GNP, and vice versa. For the world as a whole,
such differences cancel each other out (just as emigra-
tions and immigrations); in this respect, the planetary
product is a single concept.
Whether one prefers a concept focusing on national
availabilities or on domestic output depends on the
purpose of one's inquiries. The US Department of
Commerce satisfies the needs of individual research
undertakings by offering data on all components of
the national accounts in their relation to each other.
In general, US statistics operate with GNP as a
yardstick, as do World Bank statistics in global
surveys published in the Bank's World Development
Reports and its Atlas. The UN, in turn, has a
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preference for GDP, as has the International Com-
parison Project (ICP), which is frequently quoted in
this report. The ICP is a comprehensive undertaking
aimed at calculating purchasing-power parities for as
many countries as feasible; it is sponsored by the
United States and the World Bank and is directed by
Professor Irving B. Kravis who, together with Milton
Gilbert, almost 30 years ago devised an improved
method to compare the outputs of nation-states.
Using the UN System of National Accounts (SNA),
the OECD is now publishing standardized GDP series
in purchasers' prices; the present report, making use
of such comparable data for about two-thirds of the
planetary product, has switched from GNP to GDP
for as many countries as possible.' The main excep-
tions are the Communist countries; as will be shown
presently, use of their GNPs hardly affects an inter-
national comparison.
The width of the gap between GDP and GNP de-
pends, first, on the size of the economy. The gap
normally is small in countries with vast domestic
markets, and contrariwise. It also varies with the
intensity of international relations. Since the USSR
and likewise the PRC are very large economies with
an inward orientation, their GNPs and GDPs cannot
be far apart. It hardly matters when we compare their
GNPs or GDPs with Western aggregates. The gap
must be slightly larger for the East European coun-
tries and other associates of the USSR.
In the United States the gap was 0.6 percent of GDP
in 1950 and 1.9 percent in 1980. The ratio is small but
has grown, as has the ratio of foreign trade to GDP in
the US and practically everywhere. The US 1980 gap
' Milton Gilbert and Irving B. Kravis, An International Compari-
son of National Products and the Purchasing Power of Currencies,
Paris, OECD, 1954; extended in a second, 1958 volume. The first
major publication under the ICP was United Nations International
Comparison Project: Phase One. A System of International Com-
portion s of Gross Product and Purchasing Power, by Irving B.
Kravis, Zoltan Kenessey, Allen Heston, Robert Summers, and
assistants, published for the World Bank by The Johns Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore and London, 1975. Further ICP books
and papers are mentioned in Robert Summers, Irving B. Kravis,
and Alan Heston, "International Comparisons of Real Product and
Its Composition: 1950-77," The Review cfIncome and Wealth,
Series 26, No. 1, March 1980.
' The GDPs of OECD members are taken from that organization's
National Accounts of OECD Countries, 1950-1978, Paris, 1980.
resulted from the margin of factor income ($79.5
billion), over factor outlays to the rest of the world
($29.9 billion). In Canada factor payments made
GNP 2.3 percent less than GDP; in Switzerland they
made GNP 4.3 percent larger than GDP. The diver-
gence between GNP and GDP becomes important in
small economies which, whatever their strategic clout,
are, so to say, outriggers of a large country. In
Djibouti, French activities in various service sectors
have been extensive enough to make (in 1976) the
country's GDP 3.1 times the size of its GNP. In Saudi
Arabia, GDP in 1974 was nearly twice the size of
GNP; the ratio declined to 1.2 percent by 1978.
Kuwait's GDP is given as 22 percent higher than
GNP in 1970 and 9 percent higher in 1974; GDP
equaled GNP in 1976-79, according to the data. In
Indonesia, on the other hand, i.e., in an OPEC
country with a relatively large economy, the GDP was
reportedly only 4 percent higher than the GNP in
1973 as well as in 1978. We will return to these
OPEC statistics in a later context.
The GDP figures for the United States in appendix
table 1 are based on those supplied by the US
Department of Commerce to the OECD for its na-
tional accounts publications. They were about 4 per-
cent higher than the data the US published with its
own definitions until the Commerce Department's
recent revision of its national income and product
accounts back to 1929.' At the time of this writing,
the revised data had not been used to recalculate the
GDP series for OECD use. When the new figures are
published, the US GDP data presented here may
require a slight upward correction. (The preliminary
recalculation for the 1979 GDP, SNA concept, is
$2,590.7 billion 1980 dollars as against the old figure
of $2,561.8 billion, i.e., 1.1 percent higher.) From a
purely American angle, the difference between the old
and the new figures for both GDP and GNP is small.
For 1972, the base year for the official US series in
constant dollars, the new GDP figure is 0.9 percent
higher in constant and current dollars, the GNP
' See the article in the Survey of Current Business. No. 12,
December 1980.
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figure 1.3 percent higher. For 1979, the difference
rises to 2.3 percent and 3.6 percent, respectively. Such
changes are tolerable in view of the many uncertain-
ties, estimates, and assumptions incorporated in even
the most sophisticated and objective national
accounts.
But given the size of the American economy, the
upward adjustment of its 1979 GDP approximates
Finland's GDP; the GNP increase, almost the Danish
GNP. Furthermore, the difference raises the US
share in the 1979 planetary product by almost half a
percentage point. The revision has also increased
measured US economic growth (from 1969-79, for
example, the new figures show national product up
34.8 percent, compared with 32.6 percent in the old
series). The resulting increase in the average annual
rate of growth is less than 0.25 percent. The revision
slightly accelerates overall growth in the developed
West and in the world at large.
While the US GDP figures in our tables could not be
changed, the population data take the 1980 census
into account. Appendix table I shows a 1979 US GDP
per capita of $11,373 dollars of 1980 buying power
using the outdated OECD GDP figure and the new
population estimate. The 1979 GDP per capita would
have been $11,579 with old data for both population
and GDP; with the 1980 census result and the revised
GDP calculation it would be $11,501.
Exchange Rates and Purchasing-Power Parities
The base currency for our planetary comparisons is
the US dollar, not so much because this publication
views the world from an American point of view, but
because the dollar has been and continues to be the
universal currency numeraire. Even the Soviet Gov-
ernment compares its net material product with its
American counterpart in dollars and, incidentally or
accidentally, in a way quite consistent with the series
for the USSR in appendix table 1
Until the monetary crises of the early 1970s, the
dollar was overvalued, and since then it has been
undervalued, at least through 1980. These currency
troubles affect the dollar value of other countries'
GDPs or GNPs. An extreme example is the ratio
between dollars and Swiss francs. The Swiss GNP in
1970 when converted at the 1970 exchange conversion
factor amounted to $20.51 billion, or, adjusted to
1980 dollars with the US deflator, $39.80 billion; the
Swiss 1980 GNP was $100.5 billion at the official rate
of exchange. During these 10 years the Swiss GNP
rose in real terms by an annual 1.1 percent; the
seeming increase by an annual 9.7 percent is almost
entirely monetary illusion.
Economists dabbling in international comparisons try
to get away from exchange rates that, explainable
though they are in view of existing money flows and
policies, cannot be used to measure adequately ratios
of economic activity; comparisons aim at purchasing-
power equivalents. But the concept is actually of a
twofold nature.
In one definition, two countries are at purchasing-
power parity when exporters, importers, and travellers
are able to convert their respective currencies so as to
sell or purchase roughly the same amount of goods or
services in either money. This state of affairs can be
approached-rarely reached-through several meth-
ods. In a system of fixed rates of exchange, the price
levels are expected to fluctuate around the purchasing
power parity. With currency rates in a "clean" float
(the global float of the past eight years has been
exceedingly "dirty," i.e., managed, and poorly man-
aged at that), the exchange rates tend to adapt to the
price levels in the countries concerned. There exists
still a third method of determining the rate of ex-
change, namely a system of strictly regimented for-
eign transactions with the country's currency legally
limited to the domestic market; black market rates at
home and abroad would reflect purchasing power
parities plus a risk premium for loss of money or loss
of life and liberty for those out of luck. Under all
these sytems, the rates of exchange may at times be
close to the purchasing-power equivalent, if only by
happenstance.
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Another type of purchasing power parity encompasses
not just a limited number of goods and services
entering (actually or potentially) international mar-
kets but the entire economies of two or more coun-
tries. In a laborious procedure, purchasing power
equivalents are calculated for each segment within the
GNP of two countries; the sectoral results are then
built up to two sets of GNP for each country,
reflecting the difference in scarcity relations underly-
ing prices here and there. The two sets are reconciled
by applying-as in Irving Fisher's Ideal Index-the
geometric means between the two (or through a
similar method). This procedure was devised, as men-
tioned before, by Gilbert and Kravis and is now being
used for an increasing number of countries by Irving
B. Kravis under the ICP. Economists in the Central
Intelligence Agency's Office of Economic Research
(CIA/OER) have used this method in assessing the
level and growth of Soviet GNP; and Thad Alton's
group does the same for Eastern Europe.
When two countries on the same level of development
are compared, say the United States and Canada,
their purchasing-power parity based on goods that are
or could be traded internationally is quite close to the
parity based on all goods produced in the economies.
The two types of parity tend to diverge greatly in a
comparison of a highly developed country with an
underdeveloped country, say, the United States and
India. It was Colin Clark who about 40 years ago
explained that exchange rates-which reflect foreign
commercial and financial relations-easily understate
the real product of less developed nations; he spoke of
"oriental" societies. Differences in development exist,
of course, not only between countries but also between
time periods within one country. When we compare
American scarcity relations today with those 100, 50,
or even 30 years ago, we discover that the earlier era
had, so to say, an "oriental" flavor. The scarcity
relations that differ between countries or periods with
a higher or lower stage of development are, inciden-
tally, value ratios for goods and services sold and
bought on markets. Still a different problem is the
degree of monetization in an economy, namely the
changing value of goods and services that are pro-
duced and consumed by members of the society
without the use of money.
Since it is beyond the production possibilities of this
one-man planetary effort to calculate purchasing-
power parities even for two countries, I have handled
the task of converting products of other nations into
dollars in the following fashion. I selected, first,
official rates of exchange that appeared to conform to
the purchasing-power parity, type one. Then I applied
Third World Supplements to less developed economies
to bring their products closer to purchasing-power
parity, type two.
In the first step, I converted the national accounts of
OECD members for 1973 into dollars at rates of
exchange prevailing in March-April 1973. To obtain
values for the years before or after 1973, I extrapo-
lated the GNPs (and now GDPs) of the individual
countries backward and forward with their real rates
of growth, hoping-somewhat against hope-that the
various indexes were correctly deflated. Then I con-
verted the 1973 dollars into the dollars of the respec-
tive issue of the Planetary Product (in this issue, 1980
dollars) with the help of the US GNP (and now GDP)
deflator. For the products of Third World countries, I
used the 1976 dollar values calculated by CIA/OER
and moved backward and forward with CIA/OER
growth rates, all data converted for this issue into
dollars of 1980 buying power. I selected a different
procedure in the case of the OPEC members, as will
be explained later in this section.
As repeated comparisons of our figures with the
findings of the ICP have shown, the rates of early
1973 have served quite well for the larger areas of
chief concern to US policymakers. Let me, for in-
stance, compare for 1977 (the latest year in the ICP
publications) the GDPs of developed OECD countries
without the United States as the measure of compari-
son (and, of course, without Portugal and Turkey,
which for the purposes of this report are regarded as
less developed) in different calculations. The ICP total
is 3.1 percent to 3.3 percent larger than the figures in
appendix table 1. At average official 1977 exchange
rates, the total would be 8.9 percent larger than the
result in the table.
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The 3.1-percent difference just mentioned refers to
the ICP set of purchasing power parities with the
terms of trade frozen as of 1970; the 3.3-percent
difference from another ICP series takes account of
changes in the terms of trade. For individual coun-
tries, the comparison yields varying fits. Purchasing
power equivalents of any type are not precision tools;
they differ with alternative aggregation procedures;
they require revisions even for the base year; their
extrapolation is hazardous. Comparing, again for
1977, the figures in appendix table 1 and the ICP
results (adjusted for changes in the terms of trade), we
find that the difference is a mere 0.13 percent in the
case of Japan, 1.4 percent for France, 3.5 percent for
the Netherlands, 4.8 percent for Canada, 5.8 percent
for Belgium, 7.5 percent for Italy, and a negative 6.3
percent for the Federal Republic of Germany
(FRG}-Le., the ICP value for West Germany is
below the figure in the table. These are tolerable
variations. As in the case of the FRG, the ICP
findings are below the figures of this report for
Switzerland and a few other smaller but highly
developed nations. The Swiss per capita GDP of the
ICP is almost 26 percent below ours; as in later years,
the Swiss franc may have been over-valued in 1973.
The ICP per capita GDP of the UK, on the other
hand, is by far higher than the findings presented in
our table. The difference, now 30.8 percent, has risen
with ICP revisions of the UK-US relationship of per
capita GDP for the base year, namely from 60.3
percent to 63.5 percent (a 5.3 percent increase);
whatever the exact adjustment needed, the pound
sterling was indeed undervalued in 1973, with the
deplorable result that the series in appendix table I
understates British performance.' We will return to
the British development in Part II. Since the UK
economy is large, its differing evaluation is a major
source of the 3.3 percent deviation mentioned above.
In the case of Italy-also discussed in the cited issue
of the Planetary Product-the higher ICP figure is
probably explicable in terms of Italy's less developed
' See a previous statement on the UK in the Planetary Product for
1977-78, p. 16.
southern provinces, lesser development being associat-
ed with higher exchange-rate deviation indexes. This
leads to the statistical problem of adjusting the prod-
uct of the less developed world to purchasing power
parity.
To cope with this problem, this report-to quote the
1977-78 issue of Planetary Product (pp. 5-6)-
"applies the Third World Supplements I devised years
ago, in the full realization that the supplements
appear low." I also indicated that they may be useful
for whole groups of nations but not necessarily for any
particular country. I have now, first, raised the Third
World Supplements for the three national-product
brackets of the less developed world from 10 percent,
30 percent, and 60 percent to 30 percent, 60 percent,
and 120 percent. Only reluctantly did I apply the
supplements to all the less developed countries (except
Mainland China) in appendix table 1. For the less
developed non-Communist world the output total for
1980 is raised through the increased supplements
from $1,347.8 billion to $2,137.1 billion, i.e., by
$789.3 billion, or nearly 60 percent. Since I apply the
supplements also to less developed Communist coun-
tries with the exception of the PRC (see below), the
supplements increase the planetary product for 1980
from $10,455 billion to $11,269 billion, i.e., by 7.8
percent. The effects of the supplements on major
aggregates in the planetary product (developed, less
developed; non-Communist, Communist) are set forth
in appendix table 9.
As of now the ICP has published purchasing power
equivalents for seven less developed countries out of a
total of 16 thoroughly researched economies (includ-
ing the United States as the base country). The
equivalents for 111 additional countries, presented in
the 1980 publication cited above, were obtained by
making each of the 16 economies studied in detail the
"representative country" for countries with a similar
structure. The list covers most non-Communist coun-
tries of any substantial size, developed or less devel-
oped. For countries that the present report calls "less
developed," the ICP's average exchange rate devi-
ation index for 1975 is roughly 2; in other words, the
ICP doubles their combined GDPs. It lowers, in turn,
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the GDPs of the so-called industrialized group (i.e.,
practically the OECD membership) by about 10
percent below the exchange-rate total, chiefly to
offset the relative dollar undervaluation. If I were to
adopt Third World Supplements averaging 100 per-
cent instead of the average 60 percent used in this
report, the product of the less developed non-Commu-
nist world for 1980 would rise an additional $559
billion, from $2,137 billion to $2,696 billion, and the
world product from $11,269 billion to $11,828 billion,
or by another 5.0 percent.
The purchasing power parities vis-a-vis the dollar
ought to reflect, aside from vicissitudes on the curren-
cy markets, the economic structure of the country in
question. We would expect the Third World Supple-
ment or the exchange-rate deviation index to be
higher, the lower the level of economic development.
In the ICP calculations India has, understandably, a
large deviation index; for the base year 1970 it was
originally no less than 3.70; later it was reduced to
3.35. I still feel, as I argued in my preceding report,
that the index for India may overstate the real value
of Indian services as compared with services in an
advanced country and, particularly, the United States
as the base country. But even Turkey has in the ICP
estimate for 1977 a deviation index of 1.7 (without
accounting for changes in the terms of trade) or of 1.8
(terms of trade considered), with the result that,
expressed in 1980 dollars, its 1977 GDP per person
amounts to $2,322 or $2,500 compared with slightly
over $1,400 (which includes a Third World Supple-
ment of 60 percent) shown in this report. The ICP
estimates that in 1977 Turkey's GDP per capita was
23 percent of the US figure and no less than 33
percent of the ICP's (relatively low) estimate for
Switzerland. A product per person one-third that of
Switzerland's is something Turks might dream about,
even Turkish guest workers in West German cities,
much less their relatives at home. And it must be
remembered that GDP embraces not only personal
consumption but also public consumption and invest-
ments which, per head of the population, differ widely
between countries like Turkey and Switzerland.
Whether or not the progress of a country from a lower
to a higher stage of economic development is to be
gauged by a reduced Third World Supplement or by a
smaller exchange-rate deviation, its growth statistics
encounter an issue closely related to the troublesome
index number problem. The index problem arises
when we compare for a specific country scarcity and
price relations in, say, 1950 with those in a later year,
e.g., 1980. The relations change continuously all over
the world, but particularly fast in countries that
undergo great structural shifts. Measured in prices of
the earlier year, growth is in general more rapid than
when measured in prices of a later year. Let us now
compare the increase in "real" product of a rapidly
changing country (such as the Republic of Korea) as
measured against the growth in the product of an
advanced country with a more stable structure (the
United States). If the base year for the purchasing
power calculation remains unchanged (the ICP oper-
ates throughout with a 1970 base), the growth rate of
the less developed country will be the same in constant
local currency and in dollars. But if we compare the
real products in purchasing power equivalents, first of
an early base year and then of a later base year,
growth between the two base years will be slower than
in local currency. Disregarding disturbances on the
currency markets of the types we witnessed in the
1970s, the difference in the growth rate would be
attributable to changes in the scarcity and price
relations of the base country (the United States), but
the theoretical explanation does not eliminate the
practical inconsistencies of growth rates when, as is
inevitable after some time, base years are changed for
purchasing power equivalents.
Statistics for the 13 OPEC countries exhibit all the
difficulties mentioned above. They were, and some of
them still are, statistically underdeveloped. Their
population numbers are unusually uncertain, if only
because of heavy migration. Their incomes have
skyrocketed; in several cases OPEC countries moved
from poverty to an embarras de richesses in a few
short years, with correspondingly abrupt shifts in their
pattern of demand and their output mix. They share
in a worldwide inflation to which they contributed
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substantially through their cartel pricing policy (crude
oil had on average a posted price in current dollars of
$3.39 per barrel in 1973 and $34.86 in January 1981,
an increase which, after deflation with the OECD
consumer price index, averages 24 percent per an-
num). The GNP-GDP gap in many OPEC countries
had been wide because of major factor payments
abroad; more recently, the gap has declined in per-
centage terms, as a larger share of factor income stays
at home.
For the present calculations, I used as a starting point
the countries' GNP data as published by CIA/OER
for 1976 in 1976 dollars. I converted them to 1980
dollars with the US GNP deflator. Then I extrapolat-
ed the 1976 OPEC GNPs backward and forward with
growth rates that, of all those I scrutinized, I found
most convincing, namely the rates inherent in the ICP
series accounting for changes in the terms of trade.
These rates refer to GDP per capita between 1950
and 1977. GNP and GDP growth differ somewhat;
the inconsistency is regrettable but appears tolerable
given the wide margins of errors of the entire exercise.
For the years 1978-79, I used rates from the CIA
Handbook a! Economic Statistics for 1980, and for
1980 I consulted specialists working on OPEC coun-
tries. Finally, I added Third World Supplements to
the product data of "indigent" OPEC members ac-
cording to the three brackets for less developed
countries.
The results are far from ideal. I feel the OPEC
members should donate some of their money for a
thorough revision of their statistics; in the process
they would improve their self-knowledge. Of the
numerous problems concerning individual countries
and specific time periods, I wish to mention two. One
concerns Indonesia. I applied in this case the growth
rates mentioned above with some misgivings. Accord-
ing to the ICP table, Indonesia in 1950 had a
population of 75.449 million and a per capita GDP 3
percent that of the US; in 1977, with 141.777 million
inhabitants (a figure possibly overtaken by the new
census), its GDP per capita was 10 percent that of the
US. Since US GDP per capita in 1977 was 1.74 times
the 1950 figure, Indonesia turns out to have 10.8
times as much GNP in 1977 as in 1950. Such an
expansion might take place in one of the tiny oil-
producing countries but is unlikely in a nation with
the fifth-largest population in the world. However, I
did not want to treat that country differently from the
other OPEC members, so I just add a modest
demurrer.
The second problem concerns Kuwait in earlier years.
It was obviously well heeled, even at the beginning of
our 30-year time period. Our tables show for 1950 a
population of 145,000 and in 1980 dollars a per capita
GNP of $9,836 (see appendix tables 2 and 3). This is a
bewildering figure. The 1950 per capita GDP of the
ICP is $7,751. The Kuwaiti GDP should be higher
than the GNP; instead it is lower.
Comparing Soviet and US Aggregates
The Soviet ruble is strictly an inland currency; its
official valuation has fluctuated widely. Compared
with the rough purchasing power equivalents present-
ed in appendix table 1, the ruble was greatly overval-
ued until 1961. Up to then, one old ruble had the
official value of $0.25. Applied to an estimated GNP
of 2,040 billion old rubles in 1960, the official valu-
ation would yield a GNP of $510 billion, or $1,317.3
billion in terms of 1980 dollars. My figure in appendix
table 1 of $573.5 billion in 1980 dollars is equivalent
to $222.0 billion in 1960 dollars.
In 1961, Khrushchev introduced a new ruble worth 10
old rubles. At the same time he devalued the curren-
cy. The new rate of exchange was 1 ruble = $1.11. By
1965 the Soviet GNP amounted to 260.6 billion new
rubles-at the official rate, $234.8 billion in 1965
dollars or $560.3 billion in 1980 dollars. Appendix
table I presents a GNP estimate for 1965 of $728.5
billion in 1980 dollars (equivalent to $305.3 billion in
1965 dollars). The ruble had become undervalued.
By 1980 the dollar was floating while the Soviet
stalwarts stuck to their peculiar gold standard. On
average the 1980 official rate was 1 ruble = $1.462.
An assumed GNP of 462.6 billion rubles translates
into 676.3 billion 1980 dollars. Compared with the
$1,280.1 billion in appendix table 1, the ruble was
even more undervalued in comparison with a still
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undervalued dollar. It was also undervalued compared
with corresponding values in the latest (1980) issues of
the World Bank Atlas or in the CIA Handbook of
Economic Statistics 1980.
This leads to a brief discussion of the Soviet GNP
figures presented in the preceding paragraphs. They
were derived by extrapolating backward and forward
the Soviet GNP for 1970 in 1970 rubles (340.2 billion
at factor cost) as calculated by
'The USSR has long been suffering from
a mild inflationitis, which cannot be quantified for
lack of adequate price indexes. Consequently the 1960
and 1965 ruble and dollar estimates underlying the
conversion with official rates may be on the high side;
even the 1979 estimate could be on the low side
without affecting the general statement that the ruble
was overvalued until 1961, thereafter undervalued.
Nor is this observation changed by substituting for
uble figure and for the data in appendix
a e le A's more recent ruble and dollar
figures, which were revised upward. The Soviet values
in the table are 8 percent below the dollar figure for
1975 in CIA's Handbook for 1976, 16 percent lower
than the series in the Handbook for 1980. The Joint
Economic Committee will soon publish a detailed
reexamination by CIA of its Soviet national accounts,
following up the sophisticated article
lin the
JEC's 1979 volume.` In the meantime I stick to my
series for reasons explained in my contribution to the
same publication." The paper by the three authors
just mentioned states explicitly (on p. 390):
Committee, Soviet Economy in a Time of Change, 10 October
1979.
" Ibid., p. 115.
The ruble-dollar ratios for consumer durables,
machinery and equipment, and construction
were not adjusted to account for quality differ-
ences beyond those reflected in the original
matches.
The ratios of established prices in the two
countries ignore the substantial advantage that
the American consumer has in terms of conven-
ience, variety, and availability. These "serv-
ices" are covered in the U.S. price but not in the
Soviet counterpart. Therefore, the dollar value
of Soviet output is overstated and the ruble
value of U.S. production is understated.
The ruble-dollar ratios for services-especially
health and education probably are too high ...
I fully agree.
My figures for the six smaller Warsaw Pact members
in Eastern Europe come from the publication of Thad
P. Alton and Associates of the Research Project on
National Income in East Central Europe cited above.
As in previous years, I voice my doubts on the
Romanian GNP per capita on the suspicion that
dubious investments and their spurious yields, as well
as quality claims, ought not to be taken at face value.
The Yugoslav GNP data are taken from CIA's
Handbook of Economic Statistics 1980, table 9.
Statistical Options on the PRC
The group of "less developed Communist countries"
in this report consists of one future superpower, the
PRC, and seven small or medium powers on three
continents (Cuba, Albania, Mongolia, North Korea,
Vietnam, Laos, and Kampuchea). Most of the seven
smaller countries have their own particular influence
for geopolitical, military, or ideological reasons. Their
economic weight, however, is inconsiderable, their
statistics are poor or nonexistent, and many of the
measures of their economic performance can only be
guessed at.
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Three different estimates are available for the PRC's
national product. One has an official or semiofficial
background. The Washington Post of 28 June 1980
reported that Beijing gave the World Bank's Interna-
tional Development Agency a figure of $250 billion
(converted to 1980 dollars) for 1978 output, which
translates into 270 billion 1980 dollars for the year
1980. The figure refers in all likelihood to Marxist-
style net material product and may include Taiwan.
This piece of news from Beijing seems to be the source
of the 1978 figure for "China" in the 1980 edition of
the World Bank Atlas, namely $219.010 billion in
1978 dollars. Although the amount appears to include
the Republic of China (with its 1978 GNP of $25.8
billion in 1978 dollars), it ranks "China" in the World
Bank category with Sierra Leone. Quite a comedown
from the preceding Atlas, which listed a 1978 figure
for China of exactly $424.620 billion.
Secondly, in "An Approximation of the Relative Real
Per Capita GDP of the People's Republic of China,"
we have a calculation published by Professor Kravis
after a journey through that country (Addendum to
the Report of the Economics Delegation to the PRC,
March 1980). Professor Kravis arrives at a 1975 per
capita GDP for the PRC that is 10 percent that of the
American, using a binary comparison with the United
States, and 12 percent in a multilateral comparison.
This yields a total 1975 GDP of $963 billion in 1980
dollars under the binary concept, or of $1,144 billion
under the multilateral. Extra olated to 1980-at our
own risk-with the help o NP
index, the binary figure would be $1,305 billion; the
multilateral estimate $1,550 billion.
The most painstaking work on PRC national accounts
has been done by
recently joined by K. C. Yeh (pub-
lished by the Joint Economic Committee in past
volumes and in a forthcoming book)." Their present
GNP estimates (all in 1980 dollars) are: for 1975,
$437 billion; for 1978, $526 billion; and for 1980,
$592 billion. Their year-by-year series, which runs
from 1949 through 1980, poses problems both in
regard to growth rate and volume of GNP. Economic
growth is presented as amazingly rapid in a country
with so much political turbulence and repeated peri-
ods of steep decline. The average annual growth rate
is 6.7 percent for the past 31 years, or 6 percent, if the
base year is 1952, i.e., a time when the country was
more or less rehabilitated. It is 6.6 percent for 1970-
80 and 7.9 percent for the past four years. Field's
GNP totals combine two output series, one for agri-
culture, another for industry, both derived from phys-
ical production estimates; the services sector is as-
sumed to expand at the combined rate of the
agricultural and industrial sectors. Farm output has
moved in line with the long-term population growth,
an average of slightly more than 2 percent per annum,
which appears to be a reasonable finding. Industrial
output has skyrocketed at annual rates of 10 percent
to 11 percent. In my judgment, this rate does not take
sufficient account of the difference between product
in physical and in value terms (including the likeli-
hood of quality deterioration in some manufactures
and the Gerschenkron Effect) and likewise overrates
the growth in services.
Faced with the choice between GNP or GDP figures
ranging, extrapolated to 1980, from $270 billion to
$592 billion to $1,550 billion, I opted mirthlessly for
that is, the middle series. I will return
tote statistics in Part II to discuss their
economic and political significance.
The Catchalls, or Sundries
Of the 166 sovereign nations in existence in 1980 (see
table 2) 140 are specified as line items in appendix
table 1 together with three countries (Puerto Rico,
Belize, and Hong Kong) that still are dependencies of
a sort. An additional 26 sovereign states and 14 small
dependencies are distributed in the income divisions of
appendix table 1 as "sundry." These entries cannot be
precise; they are memorandum items signaling the
existence of additional units. Together, they account
for perhaps 0.2 percent of world population and world
product. Such ratios, of course, do not detract from
the dignity and tradition of these tiny states, some of
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which have a long and noble history. To any faraway
coral reef that has escaped my attention in the
"sundry " catalogue, my apologies, coupled with the
wish that it may soon acquire sovereignty and a vote
in the UN.
Grouped by per capita product, the sundry categories
include the following:
? $6,733 or more: states-Vatican City, Monaco,
Liechtenstein, Nauru; dependencies-Brunei, Ber-
muda, French Polynesia.
? $4,489 - 6,732: dependencies-Reunion, New
Caledonia.
? $2,245 - 4,488: states-Andorra, San Marino,
Oman; dependencies-Martinique, Guadeloupe,
French Guiana, Netherlands Antilles.
? $1,123 - 2,244: state-Seychelles; dependencies-
Namibia, Macao, Antigua.
? $562 - 1,122: states-Western Samoa, Kiribati,
Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Grenada, St. Lucia; dependen-
cy--St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla; also since the
1967 war this pigeonhole includes the West Bank,
i.e., Jordanian territory occupied by Israel.
? $561 or less: states-Dominica; St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Bhutan, Maldives, Djibouti, Guinea-
Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe,
Cape Verde, Comoros, Tonga, Solomon Islands;
special status-Western Sahara.
Thus "developed" sundries (per capita product greater
than $2,244), include seven states and nine dependen-
cies; "less developed" sundries, 19 states, four depen-
dencies and two special cases; and the total under
"sundry," 26 states, 13 dependencies and two special
cases. Some other nonsovereign areas are listed in
Status of the World's Nations, a periodic publication
of the US Department of State, latest edition (Sep-
tember 1980).
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The past three decades were an era of luxuriance,
with many good features and others that have become
increasingly irksome. In arts and humanities I cannot
detect much brilliance; I see only a superabundant
quantity of output. At the same time, the physical and
biological sciences have made sensational strides; this,
after all, was the time when Americans visited the
moon. The world economy grew more than ever,
cyclical downturns and local flaps notwithstanding;
monetary creation outpaced growth, alas! Humanity
itself multiplied at an unprecedented pace-the de-
mographic counterpart of inflation. And the era wit-
nessed a proliferation of so-called sovereign nations,
often with ill-defined borders, dubious viability, and
inadequate leadership. The great powers have re-
mained at peace (of sorts); wars and revolutions have
been local affairs (which is no consolation for the
many victims). But the general prosperity and general
peace were and continue to be viewed with ill ease; the
Planetary Product's subtitles for 1968 and 1972 apply
to more than one year: "Deeply Troubled Prosperity"
and "Systems in Disarray." The following facts and
figures will elaborate the picture.
held back the improvement of the great masses of
poor people. The psychological and political draw-
backs of a society turned into a rabbit warren are only
too obvious. Product and population growth combined
worldwide to provide a 2.6 percent average annual
growth in per capita output, with the developed
countries running at 3.2 percent, and the less devel-
oped countries at 3.0 percent."
All these rates represent a historical quantum jump.
Long-term demographic and economic growth was
imperceptibly small until the Industrial Revolution
began about 200 years ago. Then it accelerated. From
the middle of the 19th century until the First World
War the planetary product is believed to have in-
creased-with strong fluctuations from year to year-
by about 3 percent per annum and half that much per
capita. In other words, total growth at that time was
not much larger than per capita growth in the past
third of a century. The period between the two world
wars was at first prosperous but then turned dismal
with the Great Depression and barriers to internation-
al trade.
The planetary product in 1980 was an amazing 3.8
times the planetary product of 1950, representing an
average annual rate of growth in real terms of 4.6
percent. The 30-year period excluded the first four
postwar years of reconversion and reconstruction and
included several lustreless years of the recent past.
During the same 30 years, mankind multiplied at an
average annual rate of nearly 2 percent, so that
population in 1980 was 1.8 times the population of
1950. Demographic changes interact with economic
development in a complicated fashion through the size
and composition of the labor supply, the structure of
demand for consumer and capital goods, and the
stimulation of knowledge. The below-average rate of
population growth in the developed world has not been
a drag on economic expansion-with immigration
alleviating some labor scarcities at the price of ethnic
friction. In contrast, the population explosion in back-
ward regions offset much of the increase in output and
The planetary growth indicated above for 1950-80
conceals important differences by period and region,
differences that are the essence of history. In the first
subperiod, namely the 1950s, the average annual rate
of growth worldwide happened to be the same as in
the past 30 years as a whole, that is, 4.6 percent. In
the following 13 years, it increased to no less than 5.2
percent. After 1973 the rate fell to 3.3 percent. These
last years were not seven lean years in the Biblical
sense; average growth was still above the "historical"
rate of 3 percent; their hallmark were violent ups and
downs, from 1.4 percent in 1975 to 4.4 percent in the
three years 1976-78 to a preliminary 2.0 percent in
1980. The question arises whether the lower growth
rate of the final seven years was only a "creative
pause" in the course of an era with a new, higher
" The apparently contradictory numerical results stem from the
much greater growth in population in the less developed countries.
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"historical" rate of, say, 4 percent or more, or,
conversely, whether the period up through 1973 was
nothing but an extended boom which planted the
seeds of its own destruction and which would even
generate into a protracted period of, sluggish world
growth. Such a question can be asked on purely
economic grounds, laying aside the political question
of whether the world will enter an era of good feelings
or of heightened tensions and quarrels. But interpret-
ing the past is as difficult as predicting the future. At
any rate, we must examine conditions by region and
country.
US Growth Below World Average
The runners in the world race can be grouped into five
classes: star performers, somewhat above average,
average, somewhat below average, and laggards.
Needless to add, over time many runners vary their
speed and change from one category to another. Let
us begin with the United States, the largest compo-
nent in the global economy and the creator of stand-
ards for the whole world in the twentieth century.
Indeed, the role of the United States as a model helps
explain why American economic growth was below
average, although an average rate of 3.3 percent per
year is really not to be despised.
In the 19th century the United States, moving ahead
at more than 4 percent per annum, expanded above
the world average. Around 1900 the US share of the
planetary product had grown to nearly one-fourth of
the total. The frontier spirit in organizational, man-
agerial, and technical affairs in the United States
invited imitation in other advanced countries. After
the Second World War, when the United States
occupied a hegemonial position in the West, its modes
of production, distribution, and consumption radiated
around the globe, a process helped by large US grants
and investments abroad. Even Communist govern-
ments hankered after American technical and man-
agerial know-how. Immediately after World War II,
the US share in the output of a devastated world
economy was probably 40 percent or more; in 1950,
with much reconstruction completed, it was still one-
third.
But by 1970 the US share in the planetary product
had receded to 25 percent (without Third World
Supplements, nearly 27 percent), and by 1980 to 22.7
percent (24.5 percent). This is as much as the share in
1900; however, in this century the pace of US growth
has changed from above to below the world average.
In the 1950s average annual growth was 3.2 percent
in the US as compared with 5.4 percent in the rest of
the world; between 1960 and 1973, 4.0 percent versus
5.6 percent; and between 1973 and 1980, 2.1 percent
versus 3.6 percent.
Should these ratios inspire a deja vu feeling? For the
first hundred years of the Industrial Revolution,
Great Britain led the way in economic growth-
outstripping most other countries in overall growth
and the United States at least in per capita growth.
Then the UK rate fell below average, as did the
American in this century. Great Britain's 2.4 percent
average growth rate in the past 30 years is actually
half a percentage point above its average growth from
1870 to 1913, but further below the increased world
average than before the First World War and, in any
case, inadequate by today's more demanding
standards.
Our century has produced a countermodel to the
American economy. The Russia of the last two tsars
was hardly anybody's example, though its industrial-
ization showed encouraging progress until the disas-
ters of World War I. After the October Revolution,
sympathizers viewed the new Bolshevik state as the
future ("and it works"). Some Western observers were
impressed later by the USSR's fast expansion at the
time of the Great Depression and again during Khru-
shchev's campaign "to catch up with and overtake"
the United States in the late 1950s. Communist
governments that came into being after the Second
World War copied institutions and policies of the
USSR as a matter of course.
Soviet economic growth was indeed a wonderment in
the 1930s. Even though Stalin's First Five-Year Plan
was a mess and only a few years later the country
began to prepare for war, the average annual growth
between 1928 and 1940 was 5.3 percent at the
minimum, depending on the price basis used and not
counting the waste of people and materials. In the
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1950s the average annual Soviet growth rate was 5.9
percent (as against 4.8 percent in the world with and
5.4 percent without the US). But between 1960 and
1973 Soviet growth declined to 4.9 percent, compared
with the planetary product's 5.2 percent with or 5.6
percent without the United States; it was 2.6 percent
from 1973-80 while the world expanded by 3.3 per-
cent with or 3.6 percent without the United States.
The circumstances responsible for these worldwide
changes can be grouped into seven categories. The
sequential discussion of these categories does not
imply a rigid pecking order or absence of interaction
between them.
Different Degrees of Resource Utilization
First, fast growth occurs when, after a war or similar
troubles, materials and equipment are again supplied
in sufficient quantities so that both facilities and
manpower may be better utilized; or when, at the end
of a cyclical downturn, a rising demand results in a
flood of new orders.
Between 1945 and 1950, Italy's output is believed to
have more than doubled, Soviet output to have risen
by perhaps one-third. (Such calculations convey only a
sense of general magnitude.) The West German GNP
rose by a reported 120 percent between 1948 and
1950, the Japanese by 100 percent between 1947 and
1955, that of the PRC by 70 percent in its three
recovery years, 1950-52. The United States, on the
other hand, after some dislocations during reconver-
sion from war to peace production, was fully em-
ployed or even overemployed until it became afflicted
by minor recessions between 1954 and the early
1960s. But, even at a remarkable average growth of
4.2 percent in the first half of the 1950s (only 2.3
percent in its second half), the US could not be
expected to match European and Asian economies
recovering from the war. The 1950-55 average annual
rates were calculated at 10.9 percent for the PRC,
about 9.4 percent for Japan and West Germany, 6.5
percent for East Germany, and 5.8 percent for the
USSR.
In later years, declines and recoveries with a political-
military background were strictly local, dramatic
though they were for everybody concerned. To cite
some rather speculative percentage changes, the GNP
in Cyprus dipped by 30 percent from 1973 to 1975
and then rose by 41 percent in the two following
years; in Lebanon it declined by 44 percent from 1974
to 1976 and rose by 20 percent in 1977 with a new
plunge thereafter; and Iran had its GNP cut in half
between 1977 and 1980.
Managerial-Technological Progress
The better or poorer utilization of existing facilities,
for the political or business reasons just mentioned,
denotes changes in productivity. Productivity statis-
tics, despite a large amount of indisputably productive
research, are tricky. High productivity resembles the
,fie ne sais quoi that makes a pretty girl attractive: her
charm is obvious but hard to spell out. Not that
productivity lacks a definition; it is output per unit of
input. Output is the value of goods and services turned
out in a specific period; input is the value of the
factors of production used up in the process, i.e., the
services of the labor, capital, and land required.
Depending on how output and input are calculated,
the two, if not by chance identical, yield a residue-
either positive or negative, either large or small. Not
only is productivity a residue, it is also a miscellany
and an open-ended one, at that. One component of
this miscellany is a residue within a residue, a miscel-
lany in the miscellany. It is meant to measure chiefly
productivity gains due to advances in managerial,
organizational, and technological skills. These ad-
vances are at times extraordinary, either because of a
nation's creativity or its ability to absorb foreign
innovations. British progress during the Industrial
Revolution (with American contributions from the
very beginning, for example, from Benjamin Franklin
and Eli Whitney) was later assimilated by Germany
and other European countries; in this century Ameri-
can knowledge has been taken over on a still larger
scale. Transfer is easier, the closer the social and
economic systems of the two countries. It was a great
success in Western Europe and Japan and likewise in
several other Asian countries. Though not the heirs of
Max Weber's Protestant ethic, the Asians have exhib-
ited the requisite dynamics, a willingness to save and
invest, and a managerial and technical ability of their
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own. In the Soviet realm, great native talents have
been frustrated and deflected by the defects of the
Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist system. In a number of
underdeveloped countries, the modernizing effort has
been counterproductive; they have retrodeveloped, at
least per capita, sometimes in toto. A people reaps
what Professor Alexander Gerschenkron called "the
benefits of backwardness" only if they have the will
and ability at least to copy.
The following estimates illustrate how advances in
knowledge influenced the growth of the national
income according to Edward F. Denison's seminal
research: such advances (and some minor residual
sources of growth) contributed in the United States
(1948-69) 1.19 percentage points of a 4 percent prod-
uct growth, in Japan (1953-71) 1.97 points of 8.81
percent, in France (1950-62) 1.51 points of 4.70
percent, in Italy (1950-62) 1.30 points of 5.60 percent.
In other words, according to Denison's findings, be-
tween one-fourth and one-third of the progress during
the respective periods was due to advance in techno-
logical and managerial knowledge." The high per-
centages in foreign countries testify to their reception
of American know-how. By now they have proceeded
from imitation to creation, and this country, in turn,
profits by their advances (while bemoaning their keen
competition). An internationally broadened basis for
progress makes the often portended technological
stagnation or, at least, slackening less likely than ever.
Future technological progress (in energy generation
and transmission, in a wide application of computers,
including for industrial robots, in biological innova-
tions, etc.) in conjunction with trade liberalization will
hopefully be a powerful factor in overcoming what I
called the "creative pause" of current years.
Trade Liberalization
One aspect of Americanization in the past third of a
century was trade liberalization. The United States,
despite a long protectionist tradition (and some temp-
tation to revert to it) has worked for a freer trade since
the days of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Cordell Hull
through autonomous measures as well as international
" See Edward F. Denison and W. K. Chung, How Japan's Econo-
my Grew So Fast, The Brookings Institution, 1976, pp. 42-43. Also,
Denison's latest book, Accounting for Slower Economic Growth,
The Brookings Institution, 1979, Table 8-1, p. 104.
initiatives. Larger markets improve the cost-reducing
division of labor (facilitated by speedier transportation
and product miniaturization). Consequently, from
1950 until the price revolution that started or, at least,
accelerated in 1973, world trade in real terms rose by
an average annual 8.3 percent as compared with a 5
percent rise in the planetary product. Such a ratio was
experienced only once before, namely in the free trade
era of the mid-19th century (the respective rates at
that time were roughly 5 percent and 3 percent). In
past decades the share of international trade in GDP
or GNP has risen everywhere, likewise the importance
of international investment and its reflection in a
widening gap between GDP and GNP.
The trade-creating and output-stimulating force of
liberalization was particularly visible in Western Eu-
rope in the heyday of the European Community
(between its beginning in 1958 and its extension to
Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark in 1973), when
its combined GNP rose by an average annual 4.9
percent and the exports of goods and services by 10.2
percent. The same is true of the Far East, where the
unique development of Japan, the Republics of China
and Korea, and the city-states of Hong Kong and
Singapore would not have been possible without a
freer trade climate throughout the world. Even in the
past seven years, with disturbed commodity and cur-
rency markets and an upsurge in protectionism, real
trade in goods and services increased at least as fast as
world output.
The name "New Industrializing Countries" (NICs) is
now frequently applied to some fast-growing Third
World countries-the Republics of China and Korea,
Hong Kong and Singapore, Greece and Portugal, and
Brazil and Mexico. Their combined products (without
Third World Supplements) rose from $100.0 billion in
1950 to $175.6 billion in 1960 to $445.0 billion in
1973 to $647.8 billion in 1980; i.e., at average annual
rates of 5.8 percent, 7.4 percent, and 5.5 percent
during the respective periods. These are very high
rates of growth, particularly considering that Portugal
lagged behind because of its colonial troubles. The
NIC expansion is attributable to the rapid rise of
dynamic entrepreneurs who have made use of ample
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and low-cost labor to supply relatively free world
markets; one can now observe a tendency for wages to
rise and a movement toward industries with higher
technology and a more highly skilled labor force."
Growth Through Massive Inputs
Extraordinary economic growth can also be achieved
through massive additions of labor, capital, and also
land, despite insignificant productivity gains. Let us
begin with some passing remarks on the US economy
during the. 19th century. As mentioned above, average
output growth seems to have exceeded 4 percent, with
heavy inputs of labor (including immigrants), capital,
and land. The productivity gain was allegedly only 0.3
percent per annum between 1800 and 1890.16 A rate
so low is hard to swallow for a period of rapid
technical development, large economies of scale, and
improvements in labor education and health. I suspect
that the ratio of inputs to output was affected by the
index problem, with the result of an undercounted
productivity gain. If the analysis was correct-which
I disbelieve-19th century America would be a prime
example of expansion fueled almost entirely by the
use of more manpower, more capital, and more land
of practically unchanged overall quality.
From 1890 on, American productivity growth is
shown as improving. Between the end of the Second
World War and the oil crunch, the United States was
a country with unusually high productivity gains and
only small increases in the factors of production.
Denison has calculated that in the period 1948-73
national income in private nonresidential business
(three quarters of the economy) grew in the average
year by 3.65 percent, input (with labor education
moved from input to productivity) by 1.72 percent
(labor 1 percent, capital 0.71 percent, land 0 percent),
and output per unit of input 1.93 percent (advance in
knowledge almost 1 percent)." American capital for-
mation was on the low side (though not quite as low as
previously calculated; in the revised statistics of the
" See Werner L. Chilton's informative article, "Labor Costs: Why
Factories Leave Home" in the Citibank's Monthly Economic
Letter, November 1980, pp. 9-12.
" Moses Abramovitz and Paul A. David, "Economic Growth in
America: Historical Parables and Realities," De Economist, 121,
No. 3, 1973; also referred to by John W. Kendrick, "Productivity
Trends and the Recent Slowdown," in the American Enterprise
Institute's Contemporary Economic Problems, 1979, p. 22.
" Denison, ibid., p. 104.
US Department of Commerce, gross investment as a
percentage of GNP is now given as 16.0 percent
instead of 15.7 percent for 1948-72, as 17 percent
instead of 15.5 percent for 1978-79). This explains to
a degree the below-average performance of the Unit-
ed States even in the boom period before the oil
crunch. Large military expenditures (in 1957, 10
percent of GNP; in 1967, at the height of the Vietnam
war 9.7 percent; later declining to 5 percent) may help
explain the modest capital formation, though they do
not justify an economic policy that failed to stimulate
capital formation and finance defense outlays through
taxation on consumption. In 1973-80, total US GNP
grew by 2.5 percent per annum, with labor input
slightly up (larger participation in the labor force),
capital formation down, and productivity gains mini-
mal. The failure of productivity to grow appreciably
was statistically puzzling and, more important, eco-
nomically and politically disturbing. The author holds
that with large investment requirements accumulat-
ing-for housing, energy projects, the modernization
of traditional industries, and the application of revolu-
tionary new technologies-we can expect a return to a
more typical productivity rate. Such a resumption of
productivity gains, however, requires an improvement
in the general investment climate and an end to the
monetary pollution, a.k.a. inflation.
In past decades the USSR was the prime example of
an economy pressing its growth through heavy inputs
with little productivity gain. Factor productivity grew
by only 1.2 percent per annum in the 1950s; the rate
of increase declined to about 0.8 percent in the 1960s;
in the past seven years, factor productivity declined in
the USSR, by roughly 0.7 percent per annum."
The decline in the growth rate of Soviet GNP reflects
not only the longstanding difficulties in boosting the
productivity of the command economy but also a
leveling off of inputs. Fixed capital investment, for
example, increased between 1954 and 1958 by 13
percent to 14 percent per year, in the 1960s by less
than 7 percent per year, and between 1976 and 1979
" CIA, Handbook of Economic Statistics 1980, p. 59.
21
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by 4.1 percent per year; the plan for 1981-85 provides
for an average rate of growth of only 2.6 percent.
Since GNP has grown less than capital formation, the
share of investment in GNP has risen almost uninter-
ruptedly; it is now close to 30 percent. Labor partici-
pation already is high; the annual increase in man-
power has been falling off because of the low birth
rates in past years.
Japan offers the case of a country that had had the
best of two worlds, combining high gains in productiv-
ity with substantial increases in plant and equipment.
With an iron will to save and invest and with defense
expenditures below 1 percent of GNP, Japan has
maintained investment at about one-third of GNP.
Whereas population growth is only about 0.8 percent
per annum, the Japanese have effectively avoided
labor shortages through emphasis on education and
training. Denison calculated an annual increase in
inputs of 3.6 percent and of factor productivity of 5.2
percent, for the period 1953-71.
"Resource Power"
Command over vital raw materials has provided some
nations with extraordinary growth rates. The free
market anticipates in general, though not without
shocks, the approaching scarcity of some primary
commodity by increasing the land rent in its cost price
and thus stimulates the use of substitutes. When
timber became quite scarce in the 16th and 17th
centuries, coal technology took over (and played a
vital part in England's economic ascent). The question
of whether the early 1970s was the right moment for
markets to signal a growing long-term scarcity of
energy sources need not be discussed in the abstract;
OPEC provided the concrete answer in its own inimi-
table manner.
OPEC members were able, first, to wrest control of oil
supplies from the Western corporations and to orga-
nize an effective cartel for political, economic, and
financial purposes. OPEC's success has stemmed from
the worldwide decline in proven oil reserves in relation
to current production; the heavy dependence of West-
ern Europe and Japan on oil from the Middle East
and the switch of the United States from being a large
exporter to being a large importer; the highly danger-
ous superpower rivalry in the area; and the emotional
cement among most OPEC members, derived from a
blend of religious and anticolonialist elements. Oil
exporters like the USSR and Mexico, though outside
the cartel, readily seized the opportunity to enrich
themselves. The combined GNP of the 13 OPEC
members in 1980 was more than 10 times their
combined GNP in 1950. While enrichment appears
preferable to impoverishment, both can be trouble-
some. Iran's per capita GNP reached $3,300 in 1976;
the guess for 1980 is $1,465. Still, this is not much
below the 1971 estimate of $1,530; if Iran were able
to overcome its convulsions, it might-after a severe
loss of wealth and time-resume its progress and even
benefit from a costly lesson in self-government.
OPEC's apex tempted other nations exporting prima-
ry commodities to imitate its example, but rarely were
the economic and political bases for monopoly action
as solid as in the case of crude oil. Still, the 1970s-
with its flight into inflation-proof goods and repeated
crop failures-favored the terms of trade of raw
material and foodstuffs exporters in a reversal of
previous trends. There were also special cases of
countries reaping unusual gains from products, such
as narcotics, banned in other countries; their excessive
profits were, so to speak, guaranteed by the continual
interdiction of supplies by the police of the importing
countries.
Statistical Procedures Affecting Growth Rates
As remarked in Part I of this report, statistical
methods of measuring reality may have affected
output and productivity figures in recent decades. We
name two problem areas: services and environment.
The product of some service sectors (for example,
government and nonprofit organizations) is calculated
in terms of their input, in practice only their labor
input, thus disregarding investments and productivity
gains. Such services have represented a rising share in
the product of advanced countries especially, and the
way they are measured may have contributed to an
understatement of growth rates both in the United
States and the UK. Second, environmental damage
was insufficiently assessed until the early 1970s. If
adequate steps to alleviate external diseconomies
would have been taken earlier, they would have
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reduced the high growth rates of the 1950s and 1960s.
However, these purely statistical peculiarities have
only marginal influence on the description of events in
the past decades.
Hubris and Despondency in Economic History
Explaining the past is actually as difficult as foretell-
ing the future. We view life through hypotheses and
theories which change like fashions. Moreover, per-
iods have their peculiar moods which affect everybody
except born naysayers. Currently, opinionmakers are
as plaintive and skeptical as they were upbeat in the
1960s, despite plenty of turbulence at that time. Their
despondency will be as temporary as the hubris of
earlier days. In short, humans do not understand
themselves, much less their history, economic history
included. It is worth recalling that Edward Gibbon, a
man who knew something about the decline and fall
of empires, wrote in 1788 from Paris that the. French
monarchy "stood founded, as it might seem, on the
rock of time, force, and opinion ... " " Worse still, he
backed his misjudgment by investing a tidy sum in
French Government loans.
The disorders of the 1970s (let us save the word crisis
for future happenings) were a compound of cyclical,
structural, systemic, and accidental elements; they
grew out of the preceding prosperity and will, in turn,
determine the course of the 1980s. Whether on top of
the usual business cycles of intermediate duration the
world economy is under the influence of long waves (a
la Kondratief or Kuznets) is beyond our knowledge;
extrapolation of long cycles observed in a past age into
present and future economic history is a risky under-
taking. What is a hard fact is the almost universal
boom of 1973. Then the planetary product expanded
by no less than 6.9 percent, the US GNP or GDP,
depending on the computing method, by 5.4 percent
or 5.8 percent. A downturn was anticipated and came
to pass under the influence of a variety of unusual
events. In March 1973 the Bretton Woods system of
currency management gave way and, already proced-
ed by several years of makeshift arrangements, the
Great Float began. In many parts of the world the
crops were abnormally poor. And in October 1973 the
"oil crunch" began.
" Quoted from the Durants' Story of Civilization, Vol. X,
pp. 805-6.
The mistake of a Gibbon teaches us how easy it is to
err. There was, to begin with, Khrushchev's boast that
the USSR would overtake the United States in per
capita output and consumption, a boast made in 1957
and later enshrined in a Party Program adopted in
1961. Khrushchev had hardly voiced his prediction
when Soviet economic growth began to plunge, from
7.8 percent in 1956 to slightly below zero in 1963.
One year later Khrushchev was ousted. As appendix
table 4 shows, the USSR is nearly as far from
overtaking the United States as in 1957. But the
boast, backed by the high Soviet growth rates of much
of the 1950s (for reasons outlined above) and the
prestigious Sputnik flight, reverberated throughout
the world. The United States rose to counter the
Soviet challenge in the economic, space, educational,
and military realm. "Growthmanship" began.
In the 1950s Western practitioners of economics
became convinced that policymakers could harmonize
full employment, fast output growth, accelerated gov-
ernment spending for welfare and defense, stable
prices, and a sound balance of payments. In the 1960s
it was decided not to cut Great Society programs
because "this would finance the war in Vietnam and
fight inflation at the expense of the poor" and it was
believed that "this country, with its prodigious pro-
ductive capacity, faces no runaway inflation, no
breakaway price-wage spiral."" Hubris in the East
bred hubris in the West; this is the essence of
"interdependence."
Even before October 1973, American prices were
rising considerably (consumer price index, December
to December, was plus 6.1 percent in 1969). And then
OPEC struck. In the preceding year a well-reasoned
book on the world petroleum market had predicted
that "in the years to come, world prices will weaken,
not strengthen." Though an oil cartel "might be
effective in slowing price erosion," it would be more
0 Walter W. Heller, "Adjusting the 'New Economics' to High-
Pressure Prosperity," in Managing a Full Employment Economy,
Committee for Economic Development, New York, N.Y., May
1966, pp. 16, 20.
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likely that by the end of the 1970s "there may well be
a rapid and disorderly price decline." " History, mali-
cious as always, spoilt a discerning forecast. And
OPEC's action had by far greater consequences than
simultaneous price increases for, say, foodstuffs or
bauxite. It dislocated important industries, prompted
government interventions, incited environmental dis-
putes, disturbed world trade and world finance, and
made the West look weak and disunited. And yet, the
Western market economies withstood those severe
cyclical and structural as well as political shocks with
remarkable flexibility and resourcefulness.
A "deepening crisis" of the system exists not in the
West but in the East where shortages of labor, capital,
and material resources are complicated by low and
even deteriorating productivity and where two coun-
tries (Poland and North Korea) are for practical
purposes bankrupt. But in the vise of archconservative
autocracy, the Soviet-type economies stumble on, and
while change is the essence of history, it is beyond
human intelligence to foresee the character of future
leaders, of popular moods, and of foreign adventures.
Remember the decline and fall of Gibbon's securities.
Using output and population as indicators in world
power relations-and fully aware of other elements in
the game such as leadership, the national will, geo-
politics, strategies, and, last but not least, Fortune-
we find that in recent decades East-West ratios have
,been more stable than North-South ratios. Beginning
with the demographic picture we note that the US
population in 1950, 1960, and 1970 was 84.6 percent,
84.3 percent, and 84.4 percent of the respective Soviet
population; its slight increase to 85.7 percent by 1980
was due to the new benchmark US census data. The
UN projection of the ratio for the year 2000 is
essentially the same as for 1980. In other words, the
demographic development is alike in both industrial
societies (the United States compensating for a
slightly smaller natural increase through-under-
counted!-net immigration). Compare this stability
" M. A. Adelman, The World Petroleum Market, Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1972, pp. 8-9.
with past changes in the US-USSR population ratio:
in 1860 it was 43.6:100, in 1913 61.6:100, and in 1940
67.7:100, an impressive change between countries
with heavy immigration or emigration before 1913
and without or with frightful loss of life in wars and
other upheavals. Compare the recent US-Soviet de-
mographic stability furthermore with the US popula-
tion as a percentage of the Latin American (according
to UN data) every 10 years, 1950 to 1980: 93 percent,
84 percent, 72.5 percent, 62 percent-and, extrapolat-
ed to the year 2000, 43 percent (not counting the
increase of Latins in this country).
The NATO-Warsaw Pact demographic ratio, which
reflects the far higher population of the Western
alliance, has been equally stable: 156:100 in 1950,
155:100 since 1960. Compared with a less developed
country like India, on the other hand, we notice a
dramatic change; the NATO-Indian population ratio
was 113:100 in 1950, 85:100 (or, if the Indian census
is correct, less than 84:100) in 1980; in the next 20
years the ratio may decline to 72:100. When we add
up the slowly increasing populations of both alliance
systems and compare the totals with the world popula-
tion, we find that NATO plus Warsaw Pact were 27.2
percent of mankind in 1950, 21.2 percent in 1980. If
we apply the UN median projection for the year 2050
to the populations of NATO and Warsaw Pact, their
share in the world total would be a mere 11 percent.
We do not predict that NATO and the Warsaw Pact
will still be alive and kicking by the middle of the next
century (though, given the hardy life of organizations,
their liquidation may still occupy bureaucrats). Still,
the member nations will be around, although perhaps
somewhat diminished as the results of the Third and
Fourth World Wars. Whatever the future demogra-
phic reality, that world-which is less than a lifespan
away-will have utterly different national, military,
and cultural relations, with changes even more pro-
nounced than those of the past 70 years.
Turning to the economies and leaving the future to
the next generation, we note a US-USSR GNP ratio
of about 250:100 on the eve of the First World War
and of 240:100 on the eve of the Second. In 1950, the
ratio had increased to 300:100 (it had been even
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higher in 1945). Then, as the result of economic
developments previously touched upon, it declined to
200:100 by 1970 and has not changed noticeably since
then.
When the comparison is extended to NATO and the
Warsaw Pact, the change in favor of the East is less
pronounced, because the output of Canada and the
West European allies grew faster than the US GNP
in 1951-70. The NATO-Warsaw Pact GNP ratio was
355:100 in 1950, 304:100 in 1960, 291:100 in 1970,
and 283:100 in 1980. Because of the differential
growth of output within NATO, the share of the
United States in NATO's output fell from 59.1
percent in 1950 to 51.6 percent in 1980, while the
Soviet share in the combined outputs of the Warsaw
Pact increased from 70.7 percent to 73.2 percent. In
terms of 1980 populations, the United States repre-
sented 39 percent of NATO, the USSR 71 percent of
the Warsaw Pact. As remarked in previous reports,
the Eastern protagonist has a stronger position in his
alliance than the United States enjoys in NATO.
The Soviet and US roles in their alliances differ
mainly because of the characteristics of Eastern auth-
oritarianism and Western democracy; the roles differ
also because one bloc consists of a superpower and six
middle-sized countries and the other, one superpower
and 14 nations, great, medium, and small. The largest
member of the Soviet orbit, Poland, has in relation to
its mighty neighbor a demographic ratio of 13:100, a
GNP ratio of 10:100. Add to this Poland's encircle-
ment by hostile brethren, and the dissent of its
population in matters of ideology and policy becomes
the more astounding. In NATO, on the other hand,
each of the four major European nations boost a
population one-fourth of the US population. Their
combined GDPs equal 70 percent of U.S. GDP. The
weight of Western Europe would be even greater by
now if the European Community had fulfilled its
earlier promise; demographically the EC surpassed
the United States in 1980 (i.e., before Greece became
its 10th member) by 15 percent, and its combined
GDP fell short of US GDP by only 20 percent.
The East-West gap widens further when we add the
other associates of the two superpowers. When the
chips are down, the powers that actually unite around
their protagonist may differ from those with formal
links and further changes in alliances are likely during
protracted conflicts, whether these be diplomatic,
economic, or military. As mentioned in Part I, the
associated nations included are (a) on the US side,
Australia and New Zealand, Japan, and the Repub-
lics of China and Korea; and (b) on the Soviet side,
Cuba, Mongolia, Vietnam, Kampuchea, and Laos.
These additions raise the GDP ratio between West
and East to 347:100 and at the same time slow down
the decline of the ratio over time (it was 386:100 in
1950), because the American partners in Asia belong
to the fastest growing economies in the world. The
population ratio rises to 172:100.
Extension of the East-West comparison to include the
nations just mentioned adds unequal weights on the
two sides because of the much greater power potential
of Japan and the other Western associates. Japan's
military and strategic strength need not be discussed
here; its economic importance can be illuminated by
the following percentages. In 1950, when Japan was
still struck low after the war (the USSR had not yet
fully recovered either), the Japanese-Soviet GNP ratio
was 28:100, in 1980 it was 75:100. In contrast,
Japan's population has remained at about 45 percent
of Soviet population. If the economic growth differen-
tial of the past seven years is extrapolated into the
future, Japan's GNP would surpass Soviet GNP
before the end of the century, but it is wiser not to
strain the predictive capabilities of a calculating
machine. Let us read what Herman Kahn wrote in
1970: "... there will be an increasingly widely held
belief-first in Japan and then elsewhere-that Japan
will actually surpass the United States in GNP per
capita and possibly in total GNP by the year 2000."
The demographic dimensions of the PRC, highly
controversial until a few years ago, are currently set
aside, although the forthcoming Chinese census may
reopen the discussion. The PRC, with perhaps 1,030
million inhabitants in mid-1980, harbors about 23
" Herman Kahn, The Emerging Japanese Superstate, Hudson
Institute, 1970, p. 181.
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percent of mankind. This represents an enormous
potential for global political power but also for domes-
tic trouble. The Chinese share in the world population
has changed greatly in the very long run-insofar as
historical statistics can be trusted-and is expected to
change again in a not too distant future, with projec-
tions as uncertain as peeks into the past. Six hundred
years ago, after epidemics had destroyed large num-
bers everywhere, there lived 65 million Chinese in a
world population of maybe 350 million; their share
was apparently less than one-fifth. Two hundred years
ago more than 300 million Chinese represented about
one-third of mankind." The Occident's population,
which up to the 18th century had grown little,
exploded thereafter and the Chinese share dropped
correspondingly. Demographers now surmise that by
the middle of the next century China will have 1.5
billion inhabitants, i.e., 13 percent to 14 percent of
mankind, and that India, with a faster birth rate, will
have a population of 2.2 billion. But these are simply
extrapolations of uncertain rates of growth. Leroy-
Beaulieu predicted in 1874 that in a few hundred
years the world would contain 300 to 500 million
Chinese, Russians, and Anglo-Saxons as well as 200
million Germans." This appears absurd-but then
history is absurd.
Unfortunately we are as uncertain about the size of
the PRC economy today as about population numbers
in a remote future. As mentioned at the end of Part I
this report adopts the GNP data developed,
for
through 1980. While their growth rates over time
appear excessive, the values for the recent past can be
fitted more or less convincingly into a picture of the
world. Expressed, as throughout this report, in 1980
dollars, the Chinese GNP for 1980 amounts to $592
billion in toto, or $573 per capita. This compares in
our tables with an Indian GNP per capita of $444,
which incorporates the Third World Supplement de-
vised for countries in India's low per-capita product
bracket. The 30-percent margin of the PRC over
India appears high, but I cannot disprove it either.
The per capita ratio makes more sense than the one
D Derived from statistics in William K. McNeill's stimulating book
on Plagues and Peoples, New York, 1976, pp. 163, 229.
" Leroy-Beaulieu, De la Colonisation chez leg Peoples Moderns,
1874. Quoted in Gustav Schmoller, Grundriss der Allgentetnen
Volkswirtscl,aftskhre, Leipzig, 1900, V. 182.
calculated with the figure coming out of Beijing,
namely $262, which would give India a much larger
advantage. Professor Kravis, in his tentative estimate
of the PRC's GDP, operates for the year 1975 with a
Chinese-Indian ratio of almost 2:1, namely, expressed
as percentages of the US GDP per capita, of 12.3:6.6.
Using_(very high) growth rates for the PRC STAT
and the generally accepted official growth rates for
India, the per capita comparison would yield for 1980
on the Chinese side $1,509 multilaterally (or $1,271 in
the binary calculation), on the Indian side $691, i.e.,
the PRC-Indian ratio would be 218 (or 184): 100. I
cannot bring myself to accept this ratio. It would yield
a PRC-USSR per capita ratio of 31:100, a ratio
much too advantageous to the Chinese side (even the
26:100 ratio arrived at with CIA's higher Soviet GNP
estimate is high).
Looking at the economies as a whole, GNP for 1980 is
given in the attached tables as $591.7 billion for the
PRC $302.1 billion with Third STAT
World Supplement or India, and $1,280.1 billion for
the USSR. In other words, the Chinese GNP is 46
percent of Soviet GNP, and nearly twice Indian GNP.
In the ICP calculation, the PRC's GDP is 121 percent
that of the USSR (even with the high CIA estimate,
102 percent) and more than three times the Indian
GNP. I am considerably more comfortable with my
own ratios.
Extrapolated backward to 1950-in the face of statis- STAT
tical gaps and a formidable index problem-the at-
tached tables yield product estimates of $85.0 billion
for the PRC and $108.9 billion for India, implying per
capita figures of $155 and $294. As repeatedly men-
tioned, the PRC growth rates are high; as a result, the
level of PRC output in 1950 appears to me to err on
the low side. The ICP calculations would yield-with
PRC growth rates-a PRC total of $231 STAT
i ion compared with an Indian total of $193 billion
or, per capita, $422 for the PRC, $520 for India. The
Maoist regime had just conquered China in 1949; the
country was prostrate. But India, so soon after the
bloody division of the subcontinent, was also in a poor
shape.
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Deducting the two alliances (including associated
nations), and the PRC from world totals yields a
residual population of 2,236 million, or 50 percent of
mankind, and a combined product (with Third World
Supplements) of $2,737.4 billion, or 24 percent of the
planetary product. These other countries range from
the very rich to the very poor, with the poor far more
numerous; they are politically as diverse as Vatican
City and Mozambique. Included in this remnant is
OPEC in its entirety. OPEC's share in the world
population is 7.5 percent, i.e., half as much as India's;
two OPEC members, Indonesia and Nigeria, are
populous. OPEC's share in the planetary product of
1980 is 5 percent, or twice as much as India's; 10
years earlier it had been 2.5 percent, or less than the
Indian share.
Both alliances contain countries defined as developed
and less developed in this report, while the third
member of the triangle, the PRC, is less developed by
our definition. Of all the countries labeled non-
Communist, 73.4 percent of the population belongs to
the less developed world; of all Communist countries,
74.0 percent. The share of the less developed countries
in the total output of each group is 24.3 percent
among non-Communists, 26.5 percent among Com-
munists. Of 150 sovereign states in the non-Commu-
nist category, some 105, or 70 percent are in the Third
World (49 in Africa). The Communist world consists
of only 16 states, divided evenly between developed
and less developed countries.
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Appendix Tables
1.
Planetary Product With Third World Supplements, Selected
Years, 1950-80
30
2.
Population, Selected Years, 1950-80
3.
Per Capita Product, Including Third World Supplements, Selected
Years, 1950-80
60
4.
Shares in the Planetary Product, Selected Years, 1950-80
74
5.
Shares in the Planetary Population, Selected Years, 1950-80
88
6.
Growth Rates for the Planetary Product, by Component Country-
Groups and Countries, Selected Years, 1950-80
102
7.
Ranking by Total Product, Per Capita Product, and Population,
1980
116
8.
Ranking by Average Annual Rate of Growth, 1971-80
119
9.
Effect of Including Third World Supplements in Major Aggregates
in the Planetary Product, Selected Years, 1950-80
120
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Appendix Table 1
Planetary Product With Third World Supplements, Selected Years, 1950-80 a
GNP/GDP
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
World
2939527
3781275
4678310
5985920
7673252
8019629
8408318
8991257
Non-Communist countries
2364386
2994419
3651784
4692088
5995396
6265320
6600830
7046456
Communist countries
575141
786857
1026526
1293832
1677856
1754309
1807488
1944800
Developed countries
2355407
3017292
3722902
4787441
6058881
6290309
6599160
7019502
Non-Communist countries
1884598
2399110
2903260
3757862
4748068
4925986
5198957
5529396
Communist countries
470809
618182
819642
1029579
1310813
1364323
1400204
1490105
Less-developed countries
584120
763984
955409
1198479
1614371
1729320
1809158
1971755
Non-Communist countries
479787
595309
748524
934227
1247328
1339334
1401873
1517060
Communist countries
104332
168674
206885
264252
367043
389985
407284
454695
US6733 or store per capita (1979)
1588193
2031848
2458500
3195717
4042441
4197683
4442200
4714300
Non-Communist countries
1588193
2031848
2458500
3195717
4042441
4197683
4442200
4714300
North America
1020469
1255569
1415128
1779684
2085697
2152738
2276612
2403917
United States
958994
1176205
1318621
1652391
1925054
1980850
2094755
2208420
Canada
61475
79364
96507
127293
160643
171888
181858
195497
OECD-Europe
432083
577780
756612
974452
1229789
1277585
1334393
1401451
Sweden
35524
41943
49598
64046
77534
77688
78932
81615
Germany (Federal Republic)
142902
224356
307593
391874
487099
502686
521285
546830
Denmark
17986
19821
24547
31714
39874
40843
43052
45309
Switzerland
23393
29755
36717
47365
58212
60598
62538
64414
Norway
12383
14947
17548
22145
26618
27843
29291
30491
France
125174
153089
207585
274635
356750
376014
398200
419702
Luxembourg
1351
1512
1748
2068
2476
2577
2729
3008
Belgium
28439
33639
38281
49039
62082
64503
68244
72680
Netherlands
31558
40458
49197
62253
81365
84863
87749
92750
Iceland
427
576
673
923
1033
1165
1240
1338
Austria
12946
17683
23126
28392
36747
38805
41133
43314
Oceania
38783
46754
56913
71910
96576
102024
104778
110750
Australia
38783
46754
56913
71910
96576
102024
104778
110750
? Product brackets and country groups in descending order of the
1979 per capita product (excluding supplements) shown in the last
column of this table.
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Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979
1979
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Population
Per Capita
Product
9296146
9422251
9867146
10285627
10709652
11048971
11269078
4408026
2329
7270511
7338883
7715579
8038070
8347612
8625294
8792355
2907320
2706
2025635
2083368
2151567
2247557
2362039
2423677
2476723
1500706
1599
7167265
7189690
7546114
7831455
8126005
8366308
8475592
1175514
7117
5615023
5599561
5887747
6113846
6351240
6569306
6655228
781122
8410
1552242
1590128
1658367
1717609
1774764
1797002
1820364
394392
4556
2128881
2232561
2321031
2454172
2583647
2682662
2793486
3232512
588
1655488
1739322
1827832
1924224
1996372
2055987
2137127
2126198
611
473393
493239
493200
529948
587275
626675
656359
1106314
545
4762729
4755534
5008832
5213583
5421729
5605711
5674083
562489
9966
4762729
4755534
5008832
5213583
5421729
5605711
5674083
562489
9966
2382295
2363674
2497265
2619817
2734205
2798472
2793595
248942
11241
2179955
2159108
2281039
2397772
2504222
2561820
2556706
225254
11373
202340
204566
216226
222045
229983
236652
236889
23688
9990
1431072
1415934
1483156
1518458
1563900
1622333
1648402
170579
9511
85043
85723
86838
84555
86923
90400
91666
8296
10897
549564
539847
567919
583253
603667
631435
642801
61302
10300
44906
44715
47831
48754
49256
50980
50476
5118
9961
65380
60933
60091
61534
61657
63014
65031
6343
9934
32077
33423
35362
36812
38468
40200
41687
4074
9867
432293
433157
454815
467551
482979
498434
504914
53478
9320
3150
2880
2964
3014
3111
3195
3211
358
8924
76095
74531
78779
79803
81392
83346
84513
9849
8462
95996
95046
100083
102885
105355
107672
108534
14029
7675
1391
1385
1433
1516
1579
1620
1661
226
7169
45176
44294
47040
48780
49513
52037
53910
7506
6933
113851
116470
120895
122225
124303
129772
133277
14417
9001
113851
116470
120895
122225
124303
129772
133277
14417
9001
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Appendix Table 1(cootlined)
GNP/GDP
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
OPEC
4312
7175
12273
18988
32269
39880
46040
58039
Qatar
363
512
782
960
1962
2731
2889
3741
Kuwait
1426
2639
4875
5462
6606
9502
10798
14894
Saudi Arabia
1710
2987
5213
7611
11955
14083
17260
22723
United Arab Emirates
381
534
817
1362
4119
4653
4947
5949
Libya
431
503
586
3594
7626
8912
10146
10733
Japan
91904
143647
216477
349179
595160
622538
677320
736925
Sundry Group 1
642
923
1097
1504
2951
2918
3056
3219
US4489-US6732 per capita (1979)
624396
798505
1027373
1275002
1611189
1659208
1698531
1816256
Non-Communist countries
239036
290994
349450
428155
526766
539452
556938
598400
OECD-Europe
227850
276397
330669
402627
495068
506095
521306
560314
Finland
8772
11649
14212
18390
23660
24156
25992
27707
United Kingdom
144058
167223
188797
219759
248987
255958
262101
283069
Italy
75019
97525
127660
164477
222422
225981
233213
249537
7900
9482
11520
14659
16785
17205
17968
19258
7900
9482
11520
14659
16785
17205
17%8
19258
1776
3231
4930
7957
11268
12451
13955
14918
1776
3231
4930
7957
11268
12451
13955
14918
360
469
621
817
1060
1049
968
968
360
469
621
817
1060
1049
968
968
Sundry Group 2
1152
1416
1710
2094
2585
2652
2743
2943
Communist countries
385360
507511
677923
846847
1084423
1119756
1141592
1217857
Communist Europe
385360
507511
677923
846847
1084423
1119756
1141592
1217857
Germany (Democratic
Republic)
31764
43485
55443
63313
73887
75533
78129
80535
U55K
323118
427970
573479
728548
945437
976920
993742
1065291
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Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979 1979
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Population Per Capita
Product
102102
108764
116962
120646
125458
133466
138453
12191
10948
3526
4690
5394
4816
5202
5346
5506
210
25455
23260
18171
18105
16175
16984
19277
17525
1277
15096
50689
62194
64291
68144
72164
77648
83860
6913
11232
6756
7900
9033
9501
9098
9185
9553
871
10546
17872
15809
20140
22010
22010
22010
22010
2920
7538
729629
746410
785970
827626
869007
916803
955308
115880
7912
729629
746410
785970
827626
869007
916803
955308
115880
7912
3780
4283
4584
4812
4856
4865
5048
480
10136
1871690
1885852
1%2951
2018765
2076882
2109546
2140103
420735
5014
606852
596033
621598
630422
646835
666712
675405
125338
5319
567276
555661
580758
589906
607506
626220
633770
117542
5328
28622
28794
28880
28995
29402
31519
32753
4764
6616
278886
276125
286343
290065
300216
302919
297562
55901
5419
259768
250742
265536
270846
277888
291783
303455
56877
5130
19815
20191
20212
19680
17548
17723
18202
3107
5704
19815
20191
20212
19680
17548
17723
18202
3107
5704
15783
16319
16617
16744
17548
18390
18988
3783
4861
15783
16319
16617
16744
17548
18390
18988
3783
4861
987
924
944
976
1030
1066
1097
236
4515
987
924
944
976
1030
1066
1097
236
4515
2990
2938
3067
3115
3202
3312
3347
670
4944
1264838
1289819
1341353
1388343
1430048
1442834
1464698
295397
4884
1264838
1289819
1341353
1388343
1430048
1442834
1464698
295397
4884
84397
87562
89525
92564
94843
97059
99583
16758
5792
74616
76815
77970
81599
82753
83303
84969
15239
5466
1105825
1125442
1173859
1214181
1252452
1262472
1280146
263400
4793
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Appendix Table I (continued)
GNP/GDP
1950
1955
1960
1965
US2245_US4488 per capita (1979)
142817
186939
237028
316722
405251
433418
458430
488945
Non-Communist countries
57369
76268
95309
133989
178861
188851
199818
216696
35711
46664
55079
81265
110098
115173
121775
131133
4732
5283
5606
6782
8552
8903
9411
9843
4960
6855
8973
13208
18702
20030
21813
23405
26019
34526
40500
61275
82843
86240
90551
97885
Other Europe
544
668
811
1033
1495
1632
1737
1761
Cyprus
349
452
544
757
1063
1191
1269
1302
Malta
195
216
267
276
431
441
467
459
11%3
16283
22261
28309
35583
38449
40130
44508
337
339
340
454
705
615
763
1054
8552
11751
16173
20056
25174
27257
28652
31851
3074
4193
5748
7798
9704
10577
10715
11603
Other Asia
2713
4011
5677
9136
14215
15072
16448
18039
Singapore
1122
1564
1910
2531
4630
5208
5907
6586
Hong Kong
1438
2229
3462
6180
8991
9270
9947
10843
Bahrain
153
218
305
425
594
594
594
611
Other Latin America
4958
6685
9099
10799
12796
13616
14517
15630
Puerto Rico, at al.
4032
5230
6756
7954
9371
10133
10896
11986
Trinidad and Tobago
708
1199
2040
2464
2875
2947
3098
3098
Barbados
218
256
304
381
550
535
523
547
1957
2383
3447
4674
4909
5213
5625
Communist countries
85449
110672
141719
182732
114,20
244567
258611
272249
Communist Europe
85449
110672
141719
182732
226389
244567
258611
272249
Romania
16057
22769
28257
37797
48154
54919
58434
60325
Poland
35998
45070
56382
70175
85331
91431
98092
105314
Hungary
13374
17413
21035
25841
30027
31346
32017
33697
Bulgaria
6328
8518
12113
16695
21403
22121
23173
24091
13691
16901
23932
32225
41475
44751
46895
48822
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979
1979
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Population
Per Capita
u
574330
599107
627394
651051
661406
192290
3386
245442
247994
257317
269841
282677
296883
305740
93295
3182
136354
138993
143964
148244
153466
155670
157909
49886
3121
10297
10420
10722
11333
12025
12254
12376
3365
3641
22592
23970
25502
26369
28136
29205
29380
9444
3092
103465
104603
107741
110542
113305
114212
116154
37077
3080
1610
1513
1785
2076
2272
2445
2541
968
2526
1106
910
1079
1284
1393
1486
1560
621
2393
504
604
706
792
879
959
981
347
2763
67567
67157
68116
73152
77253
85298
89096
28084
3037
2022
2104
2312
2428
2023
2330
2469
637
3657
44945
41810
40726
44643
47321
49063
51025
14539
3375
20600
23243
25078
26082
27908
33906
35602
12908
2627
18702
19031
21573
23747
25942
28653
31027
7633
3754
7001
7288
7820
8445
9172
10025
10928
2363
4243
11005
11092
12944
14485
15933
17766
19187
4900
3626
6%
650
808
816
837
862
913
370
2329
15404
15397
15704
16201
17049
17909
18098
4824
3712
11768
11550
11659
11800
12389
13075
13075
3395
3851
3098
3318
3506
3832
4066
4200
4369
1150
3653
538
530
539
569
594
633
654
279
2269
287404
300309
317014
329266
344717
354168
355666
98995
3578
287404
300309
317014
329266
344717
354168
355666
98995
3578
63726
66560
75141
77748
82323
86026
89295
22057
3900
111554
116813
121651
125016
129925
129854
124859
35227
3686
34575
35325
35273
37418
38477
38%8
39359
10710
3639
24825
26878
27%3
27630
28398
29149
29878
8827
3302
52722
54733
56986
61453
65594
70170
72275
22174
3165
it----- -----w- Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table I (continued)
US1123-US2244 per capita (1979)
185060
237886
308892
396578
544843
594492
643589
710812
228594
298523
384580
531334
581390
630416
696832
5383
7332
9121
12413
16603
17698
19114
21254
5383
7332
9121
12413
16603
17698
19114
21254
773
820
885
997
15581
21754
30654
33242
49020
61708
71427
87204
10118
13537
18246
21458
31524
45458
52782
65712
5463
8217
12408
11784
17496
16250
18645
21492
Other Africa
18173
21573
26325
36185
47799
50370
52560
54804
South Africa
16610
19831
24151
32678
43344
45483
46716
48854
Tunisia
1564
1742
2174
3507
4455
4887
5844
5949
Other Asia
15474
21077
25822
36361
55937
61036
65824
74294
China (Taiwan)
3824
5935
7847
11983
18683
20822
23301
26106
Malaysia
4604
5609
6771
9080
12238
13003
13754
15142
Korea (South)
7046
9533
11204
15298
25015
27211
28769
33046
Other Latin America
120513
154966
204309
263628
358532
386998
417714
455272
Argentina
26177
30454
37423
46461
57736
60852
63161
66192
Brazil
40214
55880
77793
96916
140288
158957
177542
202401
Mexico
31432
39761
53359
74294
103715
107242
115075
123815
Suriname
170
279
402
579
814
831
885
885
Chile
9235
10723
13442
17182
20808
22409
22395
21615
Jamaica
1551
2266
3313
4164
5391
5487
5938
5788
Costa Rica
870
1244
1779
2256
2819
3009
3255
3544
Uruguay
3344
4458
4458
4632
5201
5150
4986
5031
Panama
735
892
1205
1789
2595
2776
3019
3210
Peru
6785
9009
11134
15355
19165
20284
21460
22791
2670
2761
2891
3006
Communist countries
8343
9292
10369
11998
13509
13102
13173
13981
Communist Latin America
8343
9292
10369
11998
13509
13102
13173
13981
Cuba
8343
9292
10369
11998
13509
13102
13173
13981
7 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979
1979
1978
1979
1980
Population
Per Capita
Product
929504
964576
992338
431437
1720
769286
799573
851807
886708
911940
946587
974164
421613
1727
23800
24776
25940
9843
1936
23800
24776
25940
9843
1936
1125
1193
1265
618
1485
1125
1193
1265
618
1485
116470
126448
141668
145049
130261
113495
93013
55575
1571
90743
98927
113416
116218
98489
79435
56739
37430
1632
25728
27521
28252
28831
31772
34061
36275
18145
1444
59155
61594
63019
63345
65470
67845
72504
34111
1530
52580
54421
55129
55129
56518
58270
62353
27799
1612
6575
7173
7890
8216
8952
9575
10150
6312
1167
78091
81674
92369
100783
112440
120453
122059
70270
1319
26262
26899
29973
32381
36885
39661
42248
17456
1748
16134
16544
18400
19873
21389
23159
24661
13674
1303
35695
38231
43996
48529
54166
57632
55151
39140
1133
489989
505036
528545
549941'
575092
614972
655473
249756
1894
70966
69988
68019
71008
68204
74001
73780
27210
2092
222232
234682
256270
268310
284408
302610
326819
119175
1953
131124
136492
139353
143957
154042
166366
179342
65770
1946
871
847
874
933
952
970
992
404
1847
22494
19930
19987
21700
23287
25270
26913
10848
1792
5669
5612
5259
5057
4972
4860
4718
2215
1688
3742
3822
4031
4342
4598
4782
4854
2184
1684
5112
4986
5296
5434
5758
6235
6485
2910
1648
3417
3506
3506
3562
3659
3786
4174
1876
1553
24363
25171
25950
25638
25213
26092
273%
17164
1169
3071
3194
3316
3516
3752
3853
3909
1440
2058
17564
17989
18173
9824
1409
15425
15907
16304
16927
17564
17989
18173
9824
1409
17564
17989
18173
9824
1409
. Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
ApKadix Table 1(contiaued)
US562-U51122 per capih (1979)
82377
107640
135442
174992
229323
250308
261539
280367
---
----
LJuw
aw>>
LIILsi
12727
17306
22291
27461
37733
41168
43884
45812
12727
17306
22291
27461
37733
41168
43884
45812
12744
17470
24017
28710
36450
43443
41201
45059
2320
2784
3358
4538
5774
6543
6511
7571
10424
14686
20659
24172
30676
36900
34689
37487
13694
15987
17704
21952
27815
29055
30565
31958
Ivory Coast
2284
2742
3290
4554
6588
6898
7292
7620
Mauritius
511
537
563
762
765
798
865
968
Morocco
7322
8717
9039
10739
13305
13931
14642
14862
Congo
614
654
697
818
1137
1105
1121
1199
Angola
2964
3337
4114
5080
6020
6321
6644
7308
Other Asia
19547
25462
31977
44876
58469
62918
66246
71652
Syria
2676
2955
3251
47%
6177
6993
7559
7601
Jordan
385
628
1025
1752
1928
1970
2028
2035
Thailand
6973
8316
10687
15167
23030
24843
26116
28556
Philippines
7985
11837
15063
20955
24843
26307
27545
30195
1527
1726
1951
2205
2491
2805
2999
3265
19316
23853
28647
36508
48003
50798
54618
58584
2643
2960
3841
4962
6569
6939
7451
7958
Dominican Republic
1715
2299
2946
3408
4897
5417
6088
6733
Belize
52
70
91
117
153
162
171
181
Paraguay
1259
1444
1599
2075
2549
2660
2796
2999
Colombia
8717
11259
13717
17270
22826
24149
26056
28037
Nicaragua
865
1294
1491
2303
2798
2934
3044
3171
Guyana
401
485
586
710
833
851
914
919
Bolivia
2291
2326
2359
2852
3879
4027
4233
4524
El Salvador
1374
1717
2019
2812
3499
3659
3865
4062
227
291
359
375
1173
1243
1318
1395
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979
1979
1980
Population
Per Capita
Product
312138
336041
357659
381557
401314
286546
308618
330794
354570
372514
390030
409754
334499
729
3150
3225
3323
3422
422
3150
3225
3323
3
58049 65078
71621
81392
85669
91825
100296
82358
697
4
7763
1040
9283 9979
10727
11478
12259
12913
1349
48765 55099
60894
69914
73409
78911
86802
74595
661
34259 34991
36424
37259
38912
40043
40999
37121
674
7761
931
7894 8438
9493
9939
10992
11564
11968
941
857
1036 1009
1079
1138
1212
1290
1374
20368
611
16347 16904
17869
18579
19322
19900
20298
1257 1283
1295
1234
1321
1400
1470
1508
580
6543
563
7725 7357
6688
6368
6065
5889
5889
77128 84319
90240
96087
101903
108620
114361
111186
611
8506
978
9486 11459
11701
12543
12920
13307
13706
3189
739
2258 2416
3019
3262
3523
3769
4146
46687
576
29986 32304
34954
37116
40341
43009
45589
32182 34379
36680
38982
40725
43915
46077
47678
576
5126
563
3216 3760
3884
4184
4393
4620
4843
62824 65451
69039
73613
77822
80773
84555
54946
919
6849
1062
8467 8637
9276
10582
11133
11633
12041
5551
1051
7333 7706
8199
8560
8886
9330
9704
152
1047
192 202
214
227
239
255
262
3117
966
3248 3412
3668
3964
4381
4819
5349
0
26205
946
29859 31143
32576
34498
37257
39679
4206
19
2365
832
3593 3658
3884
4179
3961
3149
36
832
756
983 1032
1079
1016
1006
1006
1016
4
5213
703
4827 5098
5394
5593
5744
5865
592
4662
675
4322 4564
4747
4995
5214
5038
4580
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4_
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 1 (continued)
GNP/GDP
1950
1955
1960
1%5
3330
6337
9344
13654
17545
19102
21206
23136
Communist Asia
2354
5073
7723
11701
15192
16644
18626
20434
Korea (North)
1918
4358
6625
10460
13773
15167
17085
18828
Mongolia
436
715
1098
1241
1419
1477
1541
1606
USS61 or iso per capita (1979)
316682
418457
511075
626910
840204
884519
904030
980575
224023
265412
323904
388309
504215
526738
531125
562997
OPEC
10538
12592
15099
19903
41329
52027
55568
69682
Indonesia
10538
12592
15099
19903
41329
52027
55568
69682
Other Africa
65976
78626
97898
121903
149480
157299
160902
162669
Liberia
784
916
1072
1146
1661
1843
1925
2002
EgM
14052
16300
18829
27342
33986
35262
34236
32920
Swaziland
82
115
163
256
408
446
479
494
Ghana
4916
5406
10229
11895
13215
14246
14332
15121
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
1894
3270
3785
5190
6652
7469
8045
8366
Zambia
2157
2869
3797
5298
5871
5825
6384
6338
Cameroon
3447
3572
3689
4279
6005
6448
6599
6856
Botswana
77
89
101
122
268
326
393
436
Senegal
3164
3644
4145
4567
4622
5154
4914
5003
Sudan
5842
7280
9056
9891
10356
10787
12163
11410
Madagascar
3751
3979
4202
4622
5818
5935
5741
5616
Togo
479
542
614
920
1318
1364
1357
1412
Mauritania
261
309
369
594
748
734
757
801
Kenya
2960
3514
4159
4905
7076
7573
8088
8534
Benin
959
1079
1247
1333
1333
1652
1661
1745
Uganda
3699
4598
5068
6206
7750
7875
7994
7899
Mozambique
1918
2229
4099
4794
6496
6942
7352
8088
Gambia, The
%
110
132
177
221
245
256
254
Sierra Leone
695
863
1064
1402
1666
1652
1676
1700
Lesotho
168
216
256
360
463
470
453
487
Tanzania
2124
2548
3080
3852
5336
5506
5837
6070
Guinea
1175
1386
1649
2004
2284
2332
2400
2471
Malawi
544
669
815
959
1266
1510
1625
1752
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979
1979
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Population
Per Capita
Product
25593
27423
26865
26987
28800
30021
31023
22959
817
2824
2964
3103
3208
3295
3382
3452
2626
805
2824
2964
3103
3208
3295
3382
3452
2626
805
22768
24459
23762
23779
25505
26639
27571
20333
819
21095
22664
21966
21966
23535
24581
25453
18717
821
1674
1796
1796
1813
1970
2057
2118
1616
796
1032031
1081039
1095261
1168980
1252828
1298036
1360371
2443617
367
599656
631131
645230
682947
711918
719371
753209
1370086
239
90057
101053
107938
114705
122963
129109
138793
148085
396
90057
101053
107938
114705
122963
129109
138793
148085
396
171866
169675
168896
176656
180669
185228
191988
287006
293
2088
2018
2076
2081
2117
2160
2138
1788
549
36657
36920
35501
41998
45442
49079
53005
40993
544
515
578
594
606
623
642
674
541
540
15876
14124
13647
13702
13251
13119
13381
11742
508
9203
9111
8898
8323
7925
7925
8323
7254
497
6616
6424
6527
6362
6362
5837
5837
5649
470
7095
7201
7417
7714
8100
8594
9205
8323
469
484
539
592
623
654
681
707
764
405
5602
5159
5044
4849
4329
4404
4003
5532
362
11638
12091
12755
13457
13994
13855
14203
18167
347
5847
5904
5933
5962
5990
6019
6050
8349
328
1551
1350
1484
1558
1637
1719
1841
2544
307
875
817
889
885
885
973
1016
1474
300
8884
8946
9394
9243
9612
9910
10109
15778
285
1798
1834
1781
1848
1949
2047
2165
3379
275
7899
7743
7712
8021
8021
7863
7709
13225
270
8630
7846
6822
6376
6072
5782
5782
10030
262
285
297
297
297
312
326
340
585
253
1733
1798
1781
1798
1803
1836
1872
3309
252
520
556
594
628
662
702
738
1305
245
6211
6496
6822
7088
7335
7556
7767
17364
198
2268
2138
2076
2138
2203
2268
2335
5275
195
1841
1942
2076
2203
2361
2515
2678
5862
195
- Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 1 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
Rwanda
846
853
863
935
1419
1436
1407
1505
Central African Republic
559
583
606
657
781
791
815
832
Zaire
2819
3790
5075
6515
8574
9080
9308
9895
Burundi
851
791
731
805
997
1009
1026
1036
Niger
578
695
827
1117
1256
1311
1263
1112
Upper Volta
820
959
1131
1282
1508
1534
1503
1537
Ethiopia
2476
3409
4689
5909
7232
7558
7920
8141
Somalia
530
594
666
702
853
901
976
930
Mali
319
431
580
757
885
916
968
920
Chad
935
1019
1110
1110
1155
1167
1048
988
143614
169836
205853
240589
306515
310183
307100
322799
1779
2093
2462
3150
3955
4322
4833
5075
820
925
1045
1182
1328
1412
1357
1467
Sri Lanka
2881
3560
4490
5384
7064
7079
7306
7541
Pakistan
11242
13160
15270
21143
29293
29293
29700
31906
Afghanistan
3356
3740
4075
4730
5415
5549
5705
5784
India
108877
128917
157203
181007
229141
232808
230267
241774
Burma
3632
5075
6688
8213
8886
9250
9545
9632
Nepal
1798
2050
2354
2785
3013
3011
3071
3157
Bangladesh
9229
10317
12266
12997
18419
17458
15315
16463
Other Latin America
3140
3459
3936
4521
5187
5437
5720
5986
Honduras
1378
1556
1872
2390
2951
3054
3167
3332
Haiti
1762
1903
2064
2131
2237
2383
2553
2654
Communist countries
92660
153045
187171
238601
335989
357781
372905
417578
Communist Asia
92660
153045
187171
238601
335989
357781
372905
417578
China (Mainland)
84989
142738
173028
219663
311299
333091
348454
393128
Kampuchea
959
1199
1438
1846
2397
2397
2157
2157
Vietnam
6472
8797
12273
16540
21574
21574
21574
21574
Laos
240
312
431
551
719
719
719
719
OECD-total
1872809
2380931
2873809
3713650
4683509
4852223
5117150
5430814
OECD-Europe
713752
925479
1173771
1498218
1889291
1957719
2040471
2159965
European Community
571220
742907
951013
1202600
1509607
1562328
1625984
1722728
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979 1979
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Population Per Capita
Product
1522
1664
1781
1906
2028
2109
2193
4955
194
846
865
889
935
954
964
992
2284
192
10240
9624
9493
9634
9380
9286
9104
28090
150
1079
1100
1187
1256
1314
1352
1393
4192
147
1237
1249
1484
1541
1587
1666
1750
5346
142
1573
1697
1781
1884
1925
2038
2155
6661
139
8352
8579
8603
8690
8776
8865
9219
31780
127
909
889
889
870
844
820
865
3474
107
909
1088
1187
1275
1287
1364
1445
6464
96
1086
1086
889
904
935
954
992
4528
96
329621
352326
359832
382590
398842
395204
412367
921790
195
5338
4449
2965
3560
3236
3083
3068
2943
476
1525
1400
1484
1587
1652
1716
1767
1863
419
7783
8064
8306
8670
9382
9965
10562
14594
310
34063
34782
36484
37491
40511
43052
45497
84075
233
5928
6070
6233
6388
6580
6851
6851
14699
212
243715
265409
269652
289045
299209
290483
302087
667326
198
9881
10356
10976
11679
12451
13199
14109
33590
179
3358
3409
3560
3675
3749
3900
3979
14608
121
18029
18388
20172
20495
22073
22955
24446
88092
118
6146
6096
6525
6873
7280
7616
7769
9315
372
3356
3303
3560
3809
4109
4384
4473
3645
547
2790
2793
2965
3064
3171
3231
3296
5670
259
1966
1980
2040
2124
2165
2215
2292
3890
259
432375
449909
450031
486034
540910
578665
607162
1073531
531
432375
449909
450031
486034
540910
578665
607162
1073531
531
408164
436821
435840
471579
526168
563323
591653
1012197
557
1918
1678
1582
1582
1582
1582
1582
5767
125
21574
10931
11938
12177
12441
13016
13184
52127
114
719
479
671
695
719
743
743
3440
98
5451483
5432066
5712793
5930332
6156897
6355309
6430578
774757
8165
2205893
2185322
2288450
2340984
2411834
2492539
2530197
392411
6277
1750956
1727463
1814991
1857504
1915889
1982017
2007841
260277
7615
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 1 (continued)
NATO-total
NATO-Europe
Pacific allies
Of which: Japan
China (Mainland)
Warsaw Pact
USSR
Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
Other Soviet associates
OPEC
Affluent
Indigent
1950
1955
1960
1965 1970
1971
1972
1973
1622836
2040208
2419140
3051653 3687440
3814066
4008527
4239102
602367
784639
1004012
--
1271969 1601743
1661328
1731914
1835185
149457
215351
303962
463030 752220
789799
852136
926085
91904
143647
216477
349179 595160
622538
677320
736925
84989
142738
173028
219663 311299
333091
348454
393128
457118
601282
795710
997354 1269338
1319572
1353308
1441284
323118
427970
573479
728548 945437
976920
993742
1065291
134000
173312
222230
268806 323901
342652
359566
375993
16450
20315
25610
32176 39618
39269
39165
40037
55137
75275
104304
129152 194651
235507
254366
304492
16274
23458
34534
47297 67852
78329
86170
102547
38863
51817
69770
81855 126799
157177
168196
201945
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 i1-
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Product in Million 1980 US Dollars;
Population, Thousand Persons;
Per-Capita Product, 1980 US Dollars
1979
1979
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Population
Per Capita
Product
1499520
1535396
1601381
1656156
1709171
1726832
1748089
372218
4639
1105825
1125442
1173859
1214181
1252452
1262472
1280146
263400
4793
393694
409953
427522
441976
456719
464360
467943
108818
4267
434245
468500
506304
534944
541603
553193
559651
326293
1294
169669
175921
185078
193798
202710
218764
227549
40275
5432
264576
292579
321226
341146
338892
334429
332102
286018
711
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 2
Population, Selected Years, 1950-80
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
World
2526077
2771663
3058426
3356513
3726758
3804258
3880781
3957608
Non-Communist countries
1643633
1799860
1986357
2200308
24331,60
2483428
2534101
2586121
Communist countries
882444
971803
1072069
1156205
1293598
1320830
1346680
1371487
Developed countries
848350
906354
968823
1031287
1083515
1094454
1105323
1116254
Non-Communist countries
563429
599935
639536
681107
717391
725196
732910
740802
Communist countries
284921
306419
329287
350180
366124
369258
372413
375452
Less-developed countries
1677727
1865309
2089603
2325226
2643243
2709804
2775458
2841354
Non-Communist countries
1080204
1199925
1346821
1519201
1715769
1758232
1801191
1845319
Communist countries
597523
665384
742782
806025
927474
951572
974267
996035
US6733 or more per capita (1979)
400747
429795
460257
491470
518126
523895
529501
535068
400747
429795
460257
491470
518126
523895
529501
535068
166008
181667
198580
213981
226202
228643
231063
233529
United States
152271
165931
180671
194303
204878
207048
209241
211457
Canada
13737
15736
17909
1%78
21324
21595
21822
22072
OECD-Europe
137186
142929
150274
159075
165274
166741
167928
168946
Sweden
7014
7262
7480
7734
8043
8098
8122
8137
Germany (Federal Republic)
49986
52364
55423
58619
60714
61294
61672
61971
Denmark
4271
4439
4581
4758
4929
4963
4992
5022
Switzerland
4694
4980
5362
5943
6267
6324
6385
6431
Norway
3265
3427
3581
3723
3877
3903
3933
3961
France
41829
43428
45670
48763
50787
51285
51732
52157
Luxembourg
2%
305
314
332
339
342
347
350
Belgium
8639
8868
9153
9464
9656
96673
9711
9742
Netherlands
10114
10751
11486
12292
13032
13194
13330
13438
Iceland
143
158
176
192
204
206
209
212
Austria
6935
6947
7048
7255
7426
7459
7495
7525
8267
9277
10361
11439
12660
12937
13177
13380
8267
9277
10361
11439
12660
12937
13177
13380
5141
5746
6567
7686
9214
9441
9703
10059
47
52
59
70
111
122
134
146
145
187
292
476
748
793
842
894
3901
4288
4768
5384
6174
6252
6331
6411
87
97
110
138
225
249
275
365
961
1122
1338
1618
1956
20 55
2121
2243
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
4034248
4109890
4184761
4258951
4333082
4408026
4487858
2638244
2690866
2744305
2798045
2852288
2907320
2962211
1396004
1419024
1440456
1460906
1480794
1500706
1525647
1126961
1137153
1146697
1156395
1165896
1175514
1185166
748305
755285
761665
768187
774580
781122
787792
378656
381868
385032
388208
391316
394392
397374
2907287
2972737
3038064
3102556
3167186
3232512
3302692
1889939
1935581
1982640
2029858
2077708
2126198
2174419
1017348
1037156
1055424
1072698
1089478
1106314
1128273
540365
545177
549417
553791
558145
562489
566997
540365
545177
549417
553791
558145
562489
566997
236091
238686
241271
243838
246393
248942
251629
213696
215959
218246
220558
222894
225254
227640
22395
22727
23025
23280
23499
23688
23989
169595
169796
169774
169983
170257
170579
170811
8161
8193
8222
8252
8278
8296
8312
62041
61832
61513
61396
61310
61302
61294
5045
5060
5073
5088
5104
5118
5137
6443
6405
6346
6327
6337
6343
6324
3985
4007
4026
4043
4059
4074
4090
52503
52748
52914
53096
53302
53478
53602
356
359
359
358
358
358
358
9772
9801
9818
9830
9840
9849
9860
13541
13653
13770
13853
13937
14029
14106
215
218
220
222
224
226
228
7533
7520
7513
7518
7508
7506
7500
13599
13771
13916
14074
14249
14417
14556
13599
13771
13916
14074
14249
14417
14556
10466
10893
11222
11564
11874
12191
12490
158
170
181
191
201
210
220
948
1006
1068
1133
1203
1277
1357
6492
6574
6657
6741
6826
6913
7000
486
646
713
770
823
871
920
2382
2497
2603
2729
2821
2920
2993
I
I Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 2 (continued)
Other Asia
83805
89815
94092
98883
104345
105697
107188
108707
Japan
83805
89815
94092
98883
104345
105697
107188
108707
Sundry Group 1
US4489-US6732 per capita (1979)
340
315985
361
335517
383
357315
406
378891
431
394467
436
397548
442
400673
447
403875
Non-Communist countries
105133
108487
112274
116788
120321
121014
121706
122588
OECD-Europe
101477
104067
107187
110929
113789
114329
114853
115558
Finland
4009
4235
4430
4564
4606
4612
4640
4666
United Kingdom
50363
51199
52559
54378
55522
55712
55869
56000
Italy
47105
48633
50198
51987
53661
54005
54344
54892
1908
2136
2372
2628
2811
2854
2902
2956
1908
2136
2372
2628
2811
2854
2902
2956
1267
1750
2117
2563
2974
3069
3173
3278
1267
1750
2117
2563
2974
3069
3173
3278
70
87
112
139
171
177
183
190
Sundry Group 2
411
447
486
529
576
585
595
606
Communist countries
210852
227030
245041
262103
274146
276534
278967
281287
Communist Europe
210852
227030
245041
262103
274146
276534
278%7
281287
Germany (Democratic
Republic)
18388
17832
17058
17020
17070
17061
17043
16980
Czechoslovakia
12389
13039
13654
14147
14319
14390
14465
14560
USSR
180075
196159
214329
230936
242757
245083
247459
249747
US2245-US4488 per capita (1979)
131618
141042
151251
160926
170922
173011
175149
177311
Non-Communist countries
57549
61653
67005
72849
78944
80287
81703
83146
OECD-Europe
38544
40089
41614
43482
45522
45915
46329
46731
Ireland
2%9
2921
2832
2876
2950
2978
3024
3072
Greece
7566
7966
8327
8550
8793
8831
8889
8929
Spain
28009
29202
30455
32056
33779
34106
34416
34730
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
116087
116502
116841
117104
117353
117542 117840
4691
4711
4726
4739
4753
4764 4772
56011
55981
55959
55919
55903
55901 55898
55385
55810
56156
56446
56697
56877 57170
179682
182073
184585
187185
189615
192290
194829
47151
47665
48242
48815
49357
49886
50399
3123
3176
3226
3269
3311
3365
3409
8962
9047
9167
9268
9360
9444
9490
35066
35442
35849
36278
36686
37077
37500
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 2 (controlled)
Other Europe
806
844
902
910
941
945
945
956
Cyprus
494
530
573
591
615
620
626
634
Malta
312
314
329
319
326
325
319
322
10724
12442
14900
17558
20668
21397
22141
228%
416
429
446
469
493
498
503
508
5145
6110
7632
9119
10709
11101
11497
11891
5163
5903
6822
7970
9466
9798
10141
10497
Other Asia
3374
3926
4878
5676
6253
6380
6493
6640
Singapore
1022
1306,
1646
1887
2075
2110
2147
2185
Hong Kong
2237
2490
3075
3598
3959
4045
4116
4213
Bahrein
115
130
157
191
219
225
230
242
Other Latin America
3061
3198
3431
3803
3984
4041
4152
4246
Puerto Rico, at al.
2218
2250
2358
2594
2718
2766
2864
2945
Trinidad and Tobago
632
721
841
974
1027
1033
1045
1058
Barbados
211
227
232
235
239
242
243
243
Sundry Group 3
1040
1154
1280
1420
1576
1609
1643
1677
Communist countries
74069
79389
84246
88077
91978
92724
93446
94165
Communist Europe
74069
79389
84246
88077
91978
92724
93446
94165
Romania
16311
17325
18403
19027
20253
20470
20663
20828
Poland
24824
27221
29590
31262
32526
32776
33034
33321
Hungary
9338
9825
9984
10153
10338
10368
10398
10432
Bulgaria
7250
7499
7867
8201
8490
8536
8576
8621
Yugoslavia
US1123 - US2244 per capita (1979)
16346
218051
17519
235806
18402
268986
19434
306996
20371
348818
20574
357414
20775
366271
20963
375178
Non-Communist countries
204266
229425
261959
299186
340267
348722
357409
366142
8443
8693
9037
9129
9044
8990
8970
8976
8443
8693
9037
9129
9044
8990
8970
8976
287
332
393
463
521
533
544
556
287
332
393
463
521
533
544
556
OPEC
25420
28686
32518
36939
42738
43962
45230
46535
Iran
16357
18728
21573
24997
28906
29729
30573
31443
Algeria
9063
9958
10945
11942
13832
14233
14657
15092
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
965
946
942
945
956
968
974
641
618
613
613
616
621
622
324
328
329
332
340
347
352
23679
24518
25379
26275
27163
28084
29035
515
550
586
622
629
637
655
12299
12722
13153
13605
14064
14539
15023
10865
11246
11640
12048
12470
12908
13357
6796
6915
7011
7145
7294
7633
7788
2219
2250
2278
2308
2334
2363
2387
4320
4396
4444
4514
4606
4900
5020
257
269
289
323
354
370
381
4345
4458
4572
4702
4764
4824
4906
3030
3123
3217
3321
3358
3395
3460
1067
1082
1098
1117
1133
1150
1161
248
253
257
264
273
279
285
94980
95823
96654
97480
98220
98995
99787
21029
21245
21446
21658
21855
22057
22240
33629
33951
34277
34595
34899
35227
35560
10479
10541
10599
10648
10684
10710
10743
8679
8721
8759
8804
8814
8827
8870
21164
21365
21573
21775
21968
22174
22374
47906
49362
50850
52408
54029
55575
57547
32360
33332
34329
35372
36447
37430
38718
15546
16030
16521
17036
17582
18145
18829
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 2 (continued)
Other Africa
17090
19056
21271
24173
27550
28206,
28945
29708
South Africa
13573
15210
17122
19607
22465
23022
23655
24295
Tunisia
3517
3846
4149
4566
5085
5184
5290
5413
Other Asia
35562
38661
44779
51756
58484
59907
61317
62647
China (Taiwan)
7981
9486
11209
12978
14598
14918
15226
15526
Malaysia
6434
7312
8428
9648
10910
11196
11491
11785
Korea (South)
21147
21863
25142
29130
32976
33793
34600
35336
Other Latin America
116740
133182
153043
175693
200767
205933
211183
216471
Argentina
17150
18928
20611
22179
23758
24106
24458
24807
Brazil
53443
61774
71695
83093
95684
98241
100797
103304
Mexico
26715
30781
36182
42601
50078
51679
53334
55055
Suriname
208
240
285
337
373
377
382
386
Chile
6091
6743
7585
8510
9369
9533
9703
9875
Jamaica
1385
1489
1632
1777
1944
1968
1999
2039
Costa Rica
867
1032
1248
1488
1736
1786
1835
1886
Uruguay
2194
2353
2531
2693
2824
2826
2830
2835
Panama
855
978
1112
1294
1497
1538
1581
1624
Peru
7832
8864
10162
11721
13504
13879
14264
14660
Communist Latin America
5785
6381
7027
7810
8551
8692
8862
9036
Cuba
5785
6381
7027
7810
8551
8692
8862
9036
US562-US1122 per capital (1979)
161353
182773
210989
242653
279440
287412
295630
303989
1453
1650
1875
2130
2418
2490
2552
2620
1453
1650
1875
2130
2418
2490
2552
2620
36537
41067
46789
53810
62304
64211
66189
68228
3307
3812
4422
5134
5958
6146
6336
6515
33230
37255
42367
48676
56346
58065
59853
61713
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 L_
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
30458
31157
31953
32659
33373
34111
34863
24915
25466
26099
26650
27217
27799
28391
5543
5691
5854
6009
6156
6312
6472
63933
65179
66428
67705
68981
70270
71587
15824
16122
16450
16788
17118
17456
17806
12082
12388
12702
13024
13348
13674
14007
36027
36669
37276
37893
38515
39140
39774
221899
227398
232984
238568
244161
249756
255153
25154
25519
25931
26351
26777
27210
27645
105889
108474
111094
113748
116441
119175
121650
56842
58692
60546
62343
64087
65770
67499
386
374
371
382
393
404
407
10047
10214
10375
10531
10689
10848
11014
2074
2109
2139
2163
2189
2215
2266
1931
1978
2026
2077
2129
2184
2218
2839
2842
2860
2878
2894
2910
2928
1670
1711
1754
1793
1835
1876
1912
15067
15485
15888
16302
16727
17164
17614
70345
72554
74850
77250
79749
82358
85111
6697
6891
7090
7308
7532
7763
8020
63648
65663
67760
69942
72217
74595
77091
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 2 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
17570
19781
22378
25279
28919
29797
30710
31629
2860
3164
3564
4288
5424
5697
5971
6240
481
572
663
756
830
841
851
861
Morocco
9343
10782
12423
14066
15909
16313
16752
17207
Congo
768
840
931
1044
1183
1214
1246
1279
Angola
4118
4423
4797
5125
5573
5732
5890
6042
Other Asia
48513
56142
65231
75755
87508
90028
92578
95153
Syria
3495
3938
4533
5326
6258
6473
6697
6930
Jordan
1335
1469
1648
1905
2262
2347
2438
2533
Thailand
20042
23451
27513
32062
37091
38152
39215
40281
Philippines
20647
24000
27898
32415
37540
38614
39703
' 40808
Yemen (North)
2994
3284
3639
4047
4357
4442
4525
4601
24736
28511
33032
38233
43979
45170
46384
47573
3024
3452
3969
4595
5262
5407
5572
5743
2312
2685
3159
3703
4343
4477
4611
4747
Belize
66
77
92
107
122
125
128
131
Paraguay
1476
1683
1910
2170
2477
2545
2614
2684
Colombia
11592
13588
15953
18646
21430
21993
22543
23069
Nicaragua
1084
1247
1438
1659
1908
1964
2020
2068
Guyana
428
491
571
640
715
730
746
761
Bolivia
2814
3070
3366
3708
4140
4242
4350
4460
El Salvador
1940
2218
2574
3005
3582
3687
3800
3910
Communist countries
11190
11213
13167
15155
17569
18086
18622
19181
1215
1379
1607
1865
2136
2188
2241
2297
1215
1379
1607
1865
2136
2188
2241
2297
Communist Asia
9975
9834
11560
13290
15433
15898
16381
16884
Korea (North)
9196
8990
10605
12200
14185
14615
15060
15524
Mongolia
779
844
955
1090
1248
1283
1321
1360
US561 or less per capita (1979)
1306323
1446730
1609628
1775577
2014985
2064978
2113557
2162187
Non-Communist countries
725775
798940
887040
992517
1113631
1140184
1166774
1194369
OPEC
83414
90727
100655
112269
122671
125353
128175
131020
Indonesia
83414
90727
100655
112269
122671
125353
128175
131020
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
32388
33113
34018
35085
36157
37121
38107
6497
6754
7008
7258
7509
7761
8028
872
883
895
909
925
941
950
17682
18177
18692
19229
19787
20368
20967
1314
1349
1386
1425
1466
1508
1546
6023
5950
6037
6264
6470
6543
6616
97746
100360
103014
105717
108441
111186
112890
7171
7420
7677
7944
8220
8506
8675
2633
2736
2843
2955
3070
3189
3300
41350
42422
43492
44562
45626
46687
47419
41925
43059
44204
45356
46515
47678
48274
4667
4723
4798
4900
5010
5126
5222
48764
49984
51198
52472
53735
54946
56298
5919
6096
6253
6447
6646
6849
7058
4876
5010
5144
5280
5415
5551
5691
134
138
141
145
148
152
156
2754
2825
2897
2971
3044
3117
3252
23576
24092
24618
25146
25673
26205
26754
2129
2196
2265
2336
2387
2365
2410
775
787
797
808
819
832
840
4576
4697
4822
4950
5080
5213
5355
4025
4143
4261
4389
4523
4662
4782
17408
17953
18518
19104
19708
20333
21011
16005
16507
17028
17571
18134
18717
19318
1403
1446
1490
1533
1574
1616
1693
2210640
2258216
2305228
2351151
2397018
2443617
2495301
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Tabk 2 (continued)
Other Africa
139503
155322
174183
197368
224143
230090
236174
242593
Liberia
694
816
960
1132
1335
1380
1427
1474
Egypt
20480
23033
25944
29384
33011
33703
34411
35149
Swaziland
253
284
320
365
420
432
444
457
Ghana
5297
6049
6958
8010
8789
9068
9360
9663
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
2853
3409
4011
4685
5546
5735
5937
6115
Zambia
2553
2869
3254
3694
4251
4386
4527
4675
Cameroon
4888
5211
5609
6104
6727
6870
7021
7179
Botswana
408
462
528
583
630
639
649
661
Senegal
2751
3065
3435
3873
4385
4498
4615
4735
Sudan
8063
9147
10397
11837
13575
13993
14435
14946
Madagascar
4620
5003
5482
6070
6759
6912
7072
7238
Togo
1172
1298
1456
1648
1964
2018
2075
2134
Mauritania
909
984
1066
1155
1254
1276
1298
1321
Kenya
6121
7034
8157
9549
11256
11649
12068
12513
Benin
1611
1812
2049
2327
2653
2724
27%
2871
Uganda
5522
6328
7286
8432
9806
10127
10462
10810
Mozambique
5726
6069
6577
7289
8133
8330
8555
8786
Gambia, The
282
317
357
404
458
470
483
496
Sierra Leone
1927
2106
2302
2516
2753
2805
2860
2916
Lesotho
726
786
859
952
1066
1090
1115
1141
Tanzania
8313
9212
10328
11673
13286
13667
14066
14483
Guinea
2466
2734
3067
3510
4069
4195
4322
4451
Malawi
2817
3088
3450
3914
4450
4556
4669
4789
Rwanda
2431
2704
3038
3269
3786
3896
4010
4128
Central African Republic
1279
1369
1490
1652
1855
1898
1939
1974
Zaire
13055
14468
16151
18651
21638
22283
22938
23627
Burundi
2393
2616
2864
3221
3589
3659
3621
3663
Niger
2291
2572
2913
3574
4128
4246
4368
4494
Upper Volta
3756
4110
4497
4941
5465
5581
5702
5826
Ethiopia
16251
18009
20093
22550
25450
26078
26725
27387
Somalia
1823
2001
2221
2495
2806
2872
2941
3010
Mali
3277
3622
4050
4571
5143
5266
5393
5525
Chad
2495
2735
3014
3338
3707
3788
3870
3956
Other Asia
4%534
545801
604182
673765
756468
774124
791519
809553
Lebanon
1362
1550
1767
2026
2330
2394
2459
2524
Yemen (South)
993
1089
1209
1352
1498
1527
1556
1596
Sri Lanka
7533
8679
9879
11202
12532
12776
13011
13239
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
249317
256236
263470
270793
278730
287006
294766
1523
1573
1625
1678
1734
1788
1848
35966
36861
37835
38838
39889
40993
42042
470
483
497
511
526
541
549
9979
10308
10650
11002
11366
11742
12133
6347
6562
6749
6938
7110
7254
7438
4829
4981
5138
5302
5472
5649
5832
7346
7522
7706
7901
8106
8323
8332
674
689
706
725
744
764
790
4857
4983
5113
5245
5387
5532
5664
15450
15926
16424
16949
17550
18167
18672
7409
7587
7771
7947
8145
8349
8563
2196
2260
2327
2397
2469
2544
2600
1345
1369
1394
1420
1446
1474
1500
12983
13481
14008
14568
15158
15778
15942
2948
3028
3111
3198
3287
3379
3478
11172
11549
11943
12353
12780
13225
13692
8988
9108
9284
9504
9753
10030
10314
510
524
538
554
569
585
601
2976
3037
3101
3168
3237
3309
3432
1166
1193
1220
1248
1276
1305
1336
14920
15374
15845
16334
16840
17364
17907
4582
4714
4850
4988
5130
5275
5426
4938
5156
5344
5526
5690
5862
6040
4242
4368
4506
4651
4800
4955
5100
2013
2063
2114
2168
2225
2284
2475
24327
25009
25741
26297
27152
28090
28917
3725
3814
3894
3987
4088
4192
4418
4626
4761
4901
.5045
5193
5346
5504
5954
6087
6223
6364
6510
6661
6815
28069
28770
29490
30230
30992
31780
32586
3081
3155
3231
3310
3391
3474
3552
5662
5807
5963
6123
6290
6464
6641
4044
4134
4228
4324
4425
4528
4627
827593
846106
865267
884191
902853
921790
941134
2589
2656
2725
2796
2868
2943
3020
1637
1680
1727
1777
1820
1863
1910
13443
13655
13879
14106
14347
14594
14845
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 2 (continued)
Pakistan
39448
44434
50387
57495
65706
67491
69326
71206
Afghanistan
7766
8669
9677
10803
12059
12327
12601
12882
India
369880
404478
445857
494882
553619
566180
578712
591328
Burma
17927
1%82
21726
24167
27078
27718
28378
29059
Nepal
8990
9479
10035
10862
11919
12155
12401
12667
Bangladesh
42635
47741
53645
60976
69727
71556
73075
75052
Other Latin America
4528
5038
5675
6436
7288
7474
7678
7888
Honduras
1431
1662
1952
2299
2683
2767
2864
2964
Haiti
3097
3376
3723
4137
4605
4707
4814
4924
Communist countries
580548
647790
722588
783060
901354
924794
946783
967818
Com
munist Asia
580548
647790
722588
783060
901354
924794
946783
%7818
China (Mainland)
547364
611585
681559
736054
848348
870699
891601
911544
Kampuchea
4163
4702
5364
6142
7060
7133
7201
7270
Vietnam
27072
29357
33283
38212
42984
43935
44889
45845
Laos
1949
2146
2382
2652
2962
3027
3092
3159
NAT
O-total
419150
446043
477302
508119
532503
537645
542603
547704
NATO-Europe
253142
264376
278722
294138
306301
309002
311540
314175
Of which: Japan
83805
89815
94092
98883
104345
105697
107188
108707
War
saw Pact
268575
288900
310885
330746
345753
348684
351638
354489
USSR
180075
1%159
214329
230936
242757
245083
247459
249747
Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
88500
92741
%556
99810
102996
103601
104179
104742
OPE
C
161236
178668
201429
228262
257595
264364
271438
278738
Affluent
15865
18188
21467
25244
29882
30838
31844
32955
Indigent
145371
160480
179962
203018
227713
233526
239594
245783
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Mid-Year Population;
in Thousands of Persons
73164
75195
77299
79477
81735
84075
86473
13168
13461
13760
14067
14379
14699
15030
603797
616551
629760
642552
654895
667326
680059
29760
30482
31226
31992
32782
33590
34412
12952
13257
13580
13913
14256
14608
14896
77083
79169
81311
83511
85771
88092
90489
8104
8331
8566
8808
9058
9315
9573
3066
3174
3287
3403
3522
3645
3765
5038
5157
5279
5405
5536
5670
5808
988397
1007468
1024985
1041484
1057494
1073531
1094636
931042
949711
966710
982185
997225
1012197
1032064
7334
6726
6191
6012
5899
5767
5767
46792
47728
48751
49922
50969
52127
53325
3229
3303
3333
3365
3401
3440
3480
744322
751011
757090
763038
768945
774757
781016
381455
383910
386037
388157
390298
392411
394686
257777
258420
258788
259255
259762
260277
260834
552529
557149
561426
565612
569818
574002
578498
316438
318463
320155
321774
323425
325060
326869
178627
181206
183508
185724
187887
190000
192281
110162
111573
112771
113863
114898
115880
117025
931042
949711
966710
982185
997225
1012197
1032064
357492
360503
363459
366433
369348
372218
375000
252065
254393
256674
258932
261200
263400
265500
105427
106110
106785
107501
108148
108818
109500
67952
68535
69229
70429
71550
72774
74207
286220
293905
301650
309684
317910
326293
335380
34145
35411
36601
37839
39037
40275
41525
252075
258494
265049
271845
278873
286018
293855
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 3
Per-Capita Product, Including Third World Supplements,
Selected Years, 1950-80
1950
1955
1960
1%5
1970
1971
1972
1973
1164
1364
1530
1783
2059
2108
2167
2272
Non-Communist countries
1439
1664
1838
2132
2464
2523
2605
2725
652
810
958
1119
1297
1328
1342
1418
Developed countries
2776
3329
3843
4642
5592
5747
5970
6288
Non-Communist countries
3345
3999
4540
5517
6619
6793
7094
7464
Communist countries
1652
2017
2489
2940
3580
3695
3760
3969
Less-developed countries
348
410
457
515
611
638
652
694
Non-Communist countries
444
4%
556
615
727
762
778
822
Communist countries
175
253
279
328
396
410
418
457
US6733 or snore per capka (1979)
3963
4727
3342
6.502
7802
8012
8389
8811
North America
6147
6911
7126
8317
9221
9415
9853
10294
United States
6298
7089
7298
8504
93%
9567
10011
10444
Canada
4475
5043
5389
6469
7533
7960
8334
8857
OECD-Europe
3150
4042
5035
6126
7441
7662
7946
8295
Sweden
5065
5776
6631
8281
9640
9594
9718
10030
Germany (Federal Republic)
2859
4285
5550
6685
8023
8201
8453
8824
Denmark
4211
4465
5358
6665
8090
8229
8624
9022
Switzerland
4984
5975
6848
7970
9289
9582
9794
10016
Norway
3793
4362
4900
5948
6866
7134
7447
7698
France
2993
3525
4545
5632
7024
7332
7697
8047
Luxembourg
4565
4959
5566
6229
7303
7535
7866
8595
Belgium
3292
3793
4182
5182
6429
6668
7027
7460
Netherlands
3120
3763
4283
5065
6243
6432
6583
6902
Iceland
2987
3648
3826
4807
5063
5654
5933
6311
Austria
1867
2545
3281
3913
4948
5202
5488
5756
4691
5040
5493
6286
7628
7886
7952
8277
4691
5040
5493
6286
7628
7886
7952
8277
839
1249
1869
2471
3502
4224
4745
5770
7720
9848
13260
13713
17679
22381
21556
25621
9836
14112
16695
11475
8832
11983
12824
16660
Saudi Arabia
438
697
1093
1414
1936
2253
2726
3544
United Arab Emirates
4383
5504
7429
9870
18305
18685
17988
16299
Libya
449
449
438
2221
3899
4401
4784
4785
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
2304
2293
2358
2415
2472
2507
2511
2756
2727
2811
2873
2927
2967
2968
1451
1468
1494
1538
1595
1615
1623
6360
6323
6581
6772
6970
7117
7151
7504
7414
7730
7959
8200
8410
8448
4099
4164
4307
4424
4535
4556
4581
732
751
764
791
816
830
846
876
899
922
948
%1
967
983
465
476
467
494
539
566
582
8814
8723
9117
9414
9714
9966
10007
10091
9903
10350
10744
11097
11241
11102
10201
9998
10452
10871
11235
11373
11231
9035
9001
9391
9538
9787
9990
9875
8438
8339
8736
8933
9186
9511
9650
10421
10463
10562
10247
10500
10897
11028
8858
8731
9233
9500
9846
10300
10487
8901
8837
9429
9582
%51
9961
9826
10148
9513
9469
9726
9730
9934
10283
8049
8341
8783
9105
9477
9867
10192
8234
8212
8595
8806
9061
9320
9420
8848
8022
8255
8419
8689
8924
8969
7787
7604
8024
8118
8272
8462
8571
7089
6%2
7268
7427
7559
7675
7694
6472
6353
6513
6827
7048
7169
7283
5997
5890
6261
6488
6595
6933
7188
9756
9985
10423
10433
10566
10948
11085
22316
27586
29798
25215
25879
25455
25026
24536
18063
16952
14276
14118
150%
12915
7808
9461
9658
10109
10572
11232
11980
13900
12228
12669
12339
11055
10546
10383
7503
6331
7737
8065
7802
7538
7354
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
AppendixfTable 3 (continued)
Japan
OECD-Europe
2245
2656
3085
3630
4351
4427
4539
4849
Finland
2188
2751
3208
4029
5137
5238
5602
5938
United Kingdom
2860
3266
3592
4041
4484
4594
4691
5055
Italy
1593
2005
2543
3164
4145
4184
4291
4546
Other Latin America
5137
5385
5545
5879
6200
5928
5287
5092
Communist Europe
1828
2235
2767
3231
3956
4049
4092
4330
Germany (Democratic
Republic)
1727
2439
3250
3720
4328
4427
4584
4743
Czechoslovakia
2460
2765
3589
3887
4546
4677
4820
4947
USSR
1794
2182
2676.
3155
3895
3986
4016
4265
US2245-US4488 per capita (1979)
1085
1325
1567
1968
2371
2505
2617
2758
OECD-Europe
926
1164
1324
1869
2419
2508
2628
2806
Ireland
1594
1809
1980
2358
2899
2990
3112
3204
Greece
656
860
1078
1545
2127
2268
2454
2621
Spain
929
1182
1330
1911
2453
2529
2631
2818
Other Europe
675
791
899
1135
1589
1727
1838
1842
Cyprus
706
853
949
1281
1729
1921
2028
2054
Malta
625
687
811
864
1324
1358
1465
1425
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
6623
6690
6970
7269
7563
7912
8163
6623
6690
6970
7269
7563
7912
8163
8362
9352
9901
10259
10245
10136
10387
4599
4601
4756
4860
4%7
5014
5055
4887
4770
4970
5037
5177
5328
5378
6101
6112
6111
6118
6186
6616
6864
4979
4932
5117
5187
5370
5419
5323
4690
4493
4729
4798
4901
5130
5308
6572
6575
6531
6336
5648
5704
5834
4459
4509
4651
4775
4879
4884
4922
4459
4509
4651
4775
4879
4884
4922
2892
2916
2984
3037
3109
3121
3133
3297
3281
3324
3467
3632
3641
3630
2521
2650
2782
2845
3006
3092
3096
2951
2951
3005
3047
3089
3080
3097
1669
1600
1895
2196
2376
2526
2609
1725
1472
1760
2094
2261
2393
2509
1557
1840
2146
2386
2586
2763
2786
r Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4 --
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 3 (costieued)
1116
1309
1494
1612
1722
1797
1812
1944
809
790
762
969
1430
1234
1516
2074
1662
1923
2119
2199
2351
2455
2492
2679
595
710
843
978
1025
1079
1057
1105
Other Asia
804
1022
1164
1610
2273
2362
2533
2717
Singapore
1098
1197
1160
1341
2231.
2468
2751
3014
Hong Kong
643
895
1126
1718
4271
2292
2417
2574
Bahrain
1326
1676
1943
2225
2712
2639
2582
2526
Other Latin America
1620
2090
2652
2840
3212
3369
3496
3681
Puerto Rico, at al.
1818
2324
2865
3066
3448
3664
3804
4070
Trinidad and Tobago
1121
1662
2425
2529
2800
2853
2964
2928
Barbados
1033
1128
1310
1623
2302
2211
2152
2251
Communist Europe
1154
1394
1682
2075
2461
2638
2767
2891
Romania
984
1314
1535
1986
2378
2683
2828
28%
Poland
1450
1656
1905
2245
2623
2790
2969
3161
Hungary
1432
1772
2107
2545
2905
3023
3079
3230
Bulgaria
873
1136
1540
2036
2521
2592
2702
2794
Yugoslavia
838
%5
1301
1658
2036
2175
2257
2329
US1123-US2244 sr apE. (1979)
851
11e9
1148
1292
1562
1663
1757
1895
1484
1539
1627
1794
1484
1539
1627
1794
OPEC
613
758
943
900
1147
1404
1579
1874
Iran
619
723
846
858
1091
1529
1726
2090
Algeria
603
825
1134
987
1265
1142
1272
1424
Other Africa
1063
1132
1238
1497
1735
1786
1816
1845
South Africa
1224
1304
1411
1667
1929
1976
1975
2011
Tunisia
445
453
524
768
876
943
1105
1099
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
2853
2739
2684
2784
2844
3037
3069
3927
3825
3946
3903
3217
3657
3770
3654
3286
3096
3281
3365
3375
3396
1896
2067
2154
2165
2238
2627
2665
2752
2752
3077
3324
3557
3754
3984
3155
3239
3433
3659
3930
4243
4578
2547
2523
2913
3209
3459
3626
3822
2709
2418
2798
2527
2364
2329
2397
3545
3454
3435
3446
3579
3712
3689
3884
3698
3624
3553
3689
3851
3779
2903
3066
3193
3431
3589
3653
3763
2170
2093
2099
2154
2175
2269
2294
3391
3377
3459
3522
3026
3134
3280
3378
3026
3134
3280
3378
3510
3578
3564
3030
3133
3504
3590
3767
3900
4015
3317
3441
3549
3614
3723
3686
3511
3299
3351
3328
3514
3601
3639
3664
2860
3082
3193
3138
3222
3302
3368
2491
2562
2642
2822
2986
3165
3230
2042
2071
2153
2190
2202
2236
2250
2259
2369
2430
2517
2611
2259
2369
2430
2517
2611
2431
2562
2786
2768
2411
2042
1616
2804
2968
3304
3286
2702
2122
1465
1655
1717
1710
1692
1807
1877
1927
1942
1977
1972
1940
1%2
1989
2080
2110
2137
2112
2069
2077
2096
2196
1186
1260
1348
1367
1454
1517
1568
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 3 (continued)
Other Asia
435
545
577
703
956
1019
1074
1186
China (Taiwan)
479
626
700
923
1280
1396
1530
1681
Malaysia
716
767
803
941
1122
1161
1197
1285
Korea (South)
333
436
446
525
759
805
831
935
1032
1164
1335
1501
1786
1879
1978
2103
Argentina
1526
1609
1816
2095
2430
2524
2582
2668
Brazil
752
905
1085
1166
1466
1618
1761
1959
Mexico
1177
1292
1475
1744
2071
2075
2158
2249
Suriname
817
1163
1412
1719
2184
2206
2318
2294
Chile
1516
1590
1772
2019
2221
2351
2308
2189
Jamaica
1120
1522
2030
2344
2773
2788
2970
2839
Costa Rica
1003
1205
1426
1516
1624
1685
1774
1879
Uruguay
1524
1894
1761
1720
1842
1822
1762
1775
Panama
860
912
1084
1383
1733
1805
1909
1976
Peru
866
1016
10%
1310
1419
1461
1504
1555
Communist Latin America
1442
1456
1476
1536
1580
1507
1486
1547
Cuba
1442
1456
1476
1536
1580
1507
1486
1547
US562-US1122 per capita (1979)
511
589
642
721
821
871
885
922
709
809
858
868
903
349
425
513
534
585
677
622
660
702
730
759
884
969
1065
1028
1162
314
394
488
497
544
635
580
607
Other Africa
779
808
791
868
962
975
995
1010
Ivory coast
799
867
923
1062
1215
1211
1221
1221
Mauritius
1062
939
849
1008
922
949
1016
1124
Morocco
784
808
728
763
836
854
874
864
Congo
799
778
749
783
961
910
900
938
Angola
720
754
858
991
1080
1103
1128
1210
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1221
1253
1391
1489
1630
1714
1705
1660
1668
1822
1929
2155
2272
2373
1335
1336
1449
1526
1602
1694
1761
991
1043
1180
1281
1406
1472
1387
2208
2221
2269
2305
2355
2462
2569
2821
2743
2623
2695
2547
2720
2669
2099
2163
2307
2359
2443
2539
2687
2307
2326
2302
2309
2404
2530
2657
2257
2265
2356
2444
2422
2402
2436
2239
1951
1926
2061
2179
2329
2444
2733
2661
2459
2338
2271
2194
2082
1938
1932
1990
2090
2160
2190
2189
1801
1754
1852
1888
1990
2143
2215
2046
2049
1999
1987
1994
2018
2183
1617
1625
1633
1573
1507
1520
1555
2401
2438
2473
2561
2669
2676
2650
1678
1705
1723
1764
1809
1831
1828
1678
1705
1723
1764
1809
1831
1828
999
1048
1085
1126
1153
1175
1203
1258
1336
1415
1442
1451
1426
1404
1258
1336
1415
1442
1451
1426
1404
1158
1120
1091
1084
1080
1083
1081
1158
1120
1091
1084
1080
1083
1081
825
897
957
1054
1074
1115
1178
1386
1448
1513
1571
1628
1663
1682
766
839
899
1000
1017
1058
1126
1058
1057
1071
1062
1076
1079
1076
1215
1249
1355
1369
1464
1490
1491
1188
1143
1206
1252
1310
1371
1446
925
930
956
966
976
977
968
957
951
935
866
901
928
951
1283
1236
1108
1017
937
900
890
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 3 (continued)
403
454
490
592
668
699
716
753
Syria
766
750
717
900
987
1080
1129
1097
Jordan
289
427
622
920
852
839
832
803
Thailand
348
355
388
473
621
651
666
709
387
493
540
646
662
681
694
740
510
526
536
545
572
631
663
710
Other Latin America
781
837
867
955
1092
1125
1178
1231
Guatemala
874
858
968
1080
1248
1283
1337
1386
Dominican Republic
742
856
933
920
1128
1210
1320
1418
Belize
792
906
985
1092
1258
1297
1335
1384
Paraguay
853
858
837
956
1029
1045
1070
1117
Colombia
752
829
860
926
1065
1098
1156
1215
Nicaragua
798
1037
1037
1388
1467
1494
1507
1533
Guyana
937
987
1026
1109
1165
1165
1225
1207
Bolivia
814
758
701
769
937
949
973
1014
El Salvador
708
774
784
936
977
992
1017
1039
977
1103
1197
1102
1173
1212
1252
1291
298
565
710
901
999
1056
1139
1206
804
917
1009
1047
1102
1123
1151
1176
804
917
1009
1047
1102
1123
1151
1176
236
516
668
880
984
1047
1137
1210
209
485
625
857
971
1038
1134
1213
559
847
1150
1139
1137
1151
1167
1181
USS61 or low ,per capita (1979)
242
289
318
353
417
428
428
454
126
139
150
177
337
415
434
532
Other Africa
473
506
562
618
667
684
681
671
Liberia
1129
1122
1116
1012
1244
1336
1349
1358
Egypt
686
708
726
930
1030
1046
995
937
Swaziland
322
405
509
703
970
1032
1080
1081
Ghana
928
894
1470
1485
1504
1571
1531
1565
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
664
959
944
1108
1199
1302
1355
1368
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
789
840
876
909
940
977
1013
1323
1544
1524
1579
1572
1564
1580
857
883
1062
1104
1148
1182
1256
725
762
804
833
884
921
961
768
798
830
859
876
921
954
689
7%
810
854
877
901
927
1288
1309
1348
1403
1448
1470
1502
1431
1417
1484
1641
1675
1699
1706
1504
1538
1594
1621
1641
1681
1705
1431
1465
1521
1563
1614
1675
1676
1179
1208
1266
1334
1439
1546
1645
1266
1293
1323
1372
1451
1514
1572
1688
1666
1715
1789
1659
1331
1502
1269
1311
1354
1258
1228
1209
1210
1055
1085
1119
1130
1131
1125
1106
1074
1102
1114
1138
1153
1081
958
1308
1362
1283
1245
1294
1310
1312
1318
1373
1290
1250
1298
1313
1318
1193
1242
1205
1183
1252
1273
1251
467
479
475
497
523
531
545
673
740
775
807
847
872
918
673
740
775
807
847
872
918
689
662
641
652
648
645
651
1371
1283
1277
1240
1221
1208
1157
1019
1002
938
1081
1139
1197
1261
1097
1196
1196
1187
1185
1187
1227
1591
1370
1281
1245
1166
1117
1103
1450
1389
1318
1200
1115
1092
1119
r _ ___~ Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 3 (continued)
Zambia
845
1000
1167
1434
1381
1328
1410
1356
Cameroon
705
685
658
701
893
939
940
955
Botswana
188
192
191
210
426
510
606
660
Senegal
1150
1189
1207
1179
1054
1146
1065
1057
Sudan
725
796
871
836
763
771
843
763
Madagascar
812
795
767
761
861
859
812
776
Togo
409
417
421
559
671
676
654
662
Mauritania
287
314
346
515
596
575
584
606
Kenya
484
500
510
514
629
650
670
682
Benin
595
595
608
573
502
606
594
608
Uganda
670
727
6%
736
790
778
764
731
Mozambique
335
367
623
658
799
833
859
921
Gambia, The
340
348
369
439
482
520
531
512
Sierra Leone
361
410
462
557
605
589
586
583
Lesotho
231
274
299
378
434
431
406
426
Tanzania
255
277
298
330
402
403
415
419
Guinea
476
507
538
571
561
556
555
555
Malawi
193
217
236
245
284
331
348
366
Rwanda
348
316
284
286
375
369
351
365
Central African Republic
437
425
407
398
421
417
420
421
Zaire
216
262
314
349
396
407
406
419
Burundi
356
302
255
250
278
276
283
283
Niger
252
270
284
313
304
309
289
247
Upper Volta
218
233
252
260
276
275
264
264
Ethiopia
152
189
233
262
284
290
296
297
Somalia
291
297
300
282
304
314
332
309
Mali
97
119
143
166
172
174
180
167
Chad
375
372
368
332
312
308
271
250
Other Asia
289
311
341
357
405
401
388
399
Lebanon
1306
1350
1393
1555
1698
1805
1965
2011
Yemen (South)
826
850
864
874
887
925
872
919
Sri Lanka
382
410
454
481
564
554
562
570
Pakistan
285
296
303
368
446
434
428
448
Afghanistan
432
431
421
438
449
450
453
449
India
294
319
353
366
414
411
398
409
Burma
203
258
308
340
328
334
336
331
Nepal
200
216
235
256
253
248
248
249
Bangladesh
216
216
229
213
264
244
210
219
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1370
1290
1270
1200
1163
1033
1001
966
957
962
976
999
1033
1105
718
783
839
860
880
891
895
1153
1035
986
925
804
796
707
753
759
777
794
797
763
761
789
778
763
750
735
721
707
706
597
638
650
663
676
708
651
597
638
623
612
660
678
684
664
671
634
634
628
634
610
606
573
578
593
606
622
707
670
646
649
628
595
563
960
861
735
671
623
576
561
559
567
552
537
548
557
566
582
592
574
567
557
555
545
446
466
487
503
518
538
553
416
423
431
434
436
435
434
495
454
428
429
429
430
430
373
377
388
399
415
429
443
359
381
395
410
422
426
430
420
419
421
431
429
422
401
421
385
369
366
345
331
315
290
288
305
315
321
323
315
267
262
303
306
306
312
318
264
279
286
2%
296
306
316
298
298
292
287
283
279
283
295
282
275
263
249
236
244
160
187
199
208
205
211
218
269
263
210
209
211
211
214
398
416
416
433
442
429
438
2062
1675
1088
1273
1128
1047
1016
931
833
859
893
907
921
925
579
591
598
615
654
683
711
466
463
472
472
496
512
526
450
451
453
454
458
466
456
404
430
428
450
457
435
444
332
340
352
365
380
393
410
259
257
262
264
263
267
267
234
232
248
245
257
261
270
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appadix Table 3 (cootLned)
1950
1955
1960
1%5
1970
1971
1972
1973
Other Latin America
694
687
694
702
712
727
745
759
Honduras
963
936
959
1040
1100
1104
1106
1124
Haiti
569
564
554
515
486
506
530
539
Sundry Group 6
420
438
476
520
557
570
569
562
Communist countries
160
236
259
305
373
387
394
431
Communist Asia
160
236
259
305
373
387
394
431
China (Mainland)
155
233
254
298
367
383
391
431
Kampuchea
230
255
268
301
340
336
300
297
Vietnam
239
300
369
433
502
491
481
471
Laos
123
145
181
208
243
238
233
228
3304
3950
4478
5449
6547
6714
7010
7366
2327
2893
3490
4225
5115
5255
5432
5703
European Community
2650
3333
4095
4939
6000
6164
6376
6713
3872
4574
5068
6006
6925
7094
7388
7740
2380
2968
3602
4324
5229
5376
5559
5841
1214
1624
2123
2986
4494
4640
4923
5265
1097
1599
2301
3531
5704
5890
6319
6779
China (Mainland)
155
233
254
298
367
383
391
431
Warsaw Pact
1702
2081
2559
3015
3671
3784
3849
4066
USSR
1794
2182
2676
3155
3895
3986
4016
4265
Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
1514
1869
2302
2693
3145
3307
3451
3590
Other Soviet associates
414
468
523
576
631
613
599
601
OPEC
342
421
518
566
756
891
937
1092
Affluent
1026
1290
1609
1874
2271
2540
2706
3112
Indigent
267
323
388
403
557
673
702
822
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
758
732
762
780
804
818
812
1095
1041
1083
1119
1167
1203
1188
554
542
562
567
573
570
567
437
447
439
467
512
539
555
438
460
451
480
528
557
573
261
249
256
263
268
274
274
461
229
245
244
244
250
247
223
145
201
207
211
216
214
4195
4259
4406
4520
4628
4639
4662
4387
4424
4573
4689
4795
4793
4822
3734
3863
4004
4111
4223
4267
4273
466
471
479
486
1517
1594
1678
1727
1704
1695
1669
4%9
4%8
5057
5122
5193
5432
5480
1050
1132
1212
1255
1215
1169
1130
~,-,------- Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 4
Shares in the Planetary Product, Selected Years,1950-80 a
1950
1955
1960
1%5
1970
1971
1972
1973
World
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Non-Communist countries
80.43
79.19
78.06
78.39
78.13
78.12
78.50
78.37
Communist countries
19.57
20.81
21.94
21.61
21.87
21.88
21.50
21.63
Developed countries
80.13
79.80
79.58
79.98
78.96
78.44
78.48
78.07
Non-Communist countries
64.11
63.45
62.06
62.78
61.88
61.42
61.83
61.50
Communist countries
16.02
16.35
17.52
17.20
17.08
17.01
16.65
16.57
Less-developed countries
19.87
20.20
20.42
20.02
21.04
21.56
21.52
21.93
Non-Communist countries
16.32
15.74
16.00
15.61
16.26
16.70
16.67
16.87
Communist countries
3.55
4.46
4.42
4.41
4.78
4.86
4.84
5.06
US6733 or esere per capita (1979)
54.03
53.73
52.55
53.39
52.68
52.34
52.83
52.43
Non Communist countries
54.03
53.73
52.55
53.39
52.68
52.34
52.83
52.43
North America
34.72
33.20
30.25
29.73
27.18
26.84
27.08
26.74
United States
32.62
31.11
28.19
27.60
25.09
24.70
24.91
24.56
Canada
2.09
2.10
2.06
2.13
2.09
2.14
2.16
2.17
OECD-Europe
14.70
15.28
16.17
16.28
16.03
15.93
15.87
15.59
Sweden
1.21
1.11
1.06
1.07
1.01
.97
.94
.91
Germany (Federal Republic)
4.86
5.93
6.57
6.55
6.35
6.27
6.20
6.08
Denmark
.61
.52
.52
.53
.52
.51
.51
.50
Switzerland
.80
.79
.78
.79
.76
.76
.74
.72
Norway
.42
.40
.38
.37
.35
.35
.35
.34
France
4.26
4.05
4.44
4.59
4.65
4.69
4.74
4.67
Luxembourg
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Belgium
.97
.89
.82
.82
.81
.80
.81
.81
Netherlands
1.07
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.06
1.06
1.04
1.03
Iceland
.01
.02
.01
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
Austria
.44
.47
.49
.47
.48
.48
.49
.48
1.32
1.24
1.22
1.20
1.26
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.32
1.24
1.22
1.20
1.26
1.27
1.25
1.23
OPEC
.15
.19
.26
.32
.42
.50
.55
.65
Qatar
.01
.01
.02
.02
.03
.03
.03
.04
Kuwait
.05
.07
.10
.09
.09
.12
.13
.17
Saudi Arabia
.06
.08
.11
.13
.16
.18
.21
.25
United Arab Emirates
.01
.01
.02
.02
.05
.06
.06
.07
Libya
.01
.01
.01
.06
.10
.11
.12
.12
' Country group and country product, including Third World supplements, as percent of world total.
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
78.21
77.89
78.19
78.15
77.94
78.06
78.02
21.79
22.11
21.81
21.85
22.06
21.94
21.98
77.10
76.31
76.48
76.14
75.88
75.72
75.21
60.40
59.43
59.67
59.44
59.30
59.46
59.06
16.70
16.88
16.81
16.70
16.57
16.26
16.15
22.90
23.69
23.52
23.86
24.12
24.28
24.79
17.81
18.46
18.52
18.71
18.64
18.61
18.96
5.09
5.23
5.00
5.15
5.48
5.67
5.82
51.23
50A7
50.76
50.69
50.62
50.74
50.35
25.63
25.09
25.31
25.47
25.53
25.33
24.79
23.45
22.91
23.12
23.31
23.38
23.19
22.69
2.18
2.17
2.19
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.10
15.39
15.03
15.03
14.76
14.60
14.68
14.63
.91
.91
.88
.82
.81
.82
.81
5.91
5.73
5.76
5.67
5.64
5.71
5.70
.48
.47
.48
.47
.46
.46
.45
.70
.65
.61
.60
.58
.57
.58
.35
.35
.36
.36
.36
.36
.37
4.65
4.60
4.61
4.55
4.51
4.51
4.48
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.82
.79
.80
.78
.76
.75
.75
1.03
1.01
1.01
1.00
.98
.97
.96
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.49
.47
.48
.47
.46
.47
.48
1.10
1.15
1.19
1.17
1.17
1.21
1.23
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.25
.19
.18
.16
.16
.17
.16
.55
.66
.65
.66
.67
.70
.74
.07
.08
.09
.09
.08
.08
.08
.19
.17
.20
.21
.21
.20
.20
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Appendix Table 4 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
3.13
3.80
4.63
5.83
7.76
7.76
8.06
8.20
3.13
3.80
4.63
5.83
7.76
7.76
8.06
8.20
Sundry Group 1
.02
.02
.02
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
US4489-US6732 per capia (1979)
21.24
21.12
21.%
21.30
21.00
20.69
20.20
20.20
Non-Communist countries
8.13
7.70
7.47
7.15
6.86
6.73
6.62
6.66
7.75
7.31
7.07
6.73
6.45
6.31
6.20
6.23
.30
.31
.30
.31
.31
.30
.31
.31
4.90
4.42
4.04
3.67
3.24
3.19
3.12
3.15
2.55
2.58
2.73
2.75
2.90
2.82
2.77
2.78
.27
.25
.25
.24
.22
.21
.21
.21
.27
.25
.25
.24
.22
.21
.21
.21
.06
.09
.11
.13
.15
.16
.17
.17
.06
.09
.11
.13
.15
.16
.17
.17
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Sundry Group 2
.04
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Communist countries
13.11
13.42
14.49
4.15
14.13
13.96
13.58
13.54
Communist Europe
13.11
13.42
14.49
14.15
14.13
13.96
13.58
13.54
Germany (Democratic
Republic)
1.08
1.15
1.19
1.06
.96
.94
.93
.90
Czechoslovakia
1.04
.95
1.05
.92
.85
.84
.83
.80
USSR
10.99
11.32
12.26
12.17
12.32
12.18
11.82
11.85
US2245-US4488 per capita (1979)
4.86
4.94
5.07
5.29
5.28
5.40
5.45
5.44
Non-Communist countries
1.95
2.02
2.04
2.24
2.33
2.35
2.38
2.41
OECD-Europe
1.21
1.23
1.18
1.36
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
Ireland
.16
.14
.12
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
Greece
.17
.18
.19
.22
.24
.25
.26
.26
Spain
.89
.91
.87
1.02
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.09
Other Europe
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Cyprus
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.01
Malta
.01
.01
.01
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
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1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
6.10
5.90
5.89
5.74
5.67
5.67
5.62
.31
.31
.29
.28
.27
.29
.29
3.00
2.93
2.90
2.82
2.80
2.74
2.64
2.79
2.66
2.69
2.63
2.59
2.64
2.69
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
13.61
13.69
13.59
13.50
13.35
13.06
13.00
.91
.93
.91
.90
.89
.88
.88
.80
.82
.79
.79
.77
.75
.75
11.90
11.94
11.90
11.80
11.69
11.43
11.36
5.73
5.112
S.A2
4.82
5.86
5.89
5.87
1.47
1.48
1.46
1.44
1.43
1.41
1.40
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
24
.25
.26
.26
.26
.26
.26
1.11
1.11
1.09
1.07
1.06
1.03
1.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
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Appendix Table 4 (continued)
.41
.43
.48
.47
.46
.48
.48
.50
Gabon
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Venezuela
.29
.31
.35
.34
.33
.34
.34
.35
Iraq
.10
.11
.12
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
Other Asia
.09
.11
.12
.15
.19
.19
.20
.20
Singapore
.04
.04
.04
.04
.06
.06
.07
.07
Hong Kong
.05
.06
.07
.10
.12
.12
.12
.12
Bahrain
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Other Latin America
.17
.18
.19
.18
.17
.17
.17
.17
Puerto Rico, et al.
.14
.14
.14
.13
.12
.13
.13
.13
Trinidad and Tobago
.02
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.03
Barbados
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Communist Europe
2.91
2.93
3.03
3.05
2.95
3.05
3.08
3.03
Romania
.55
.60
.60
.63
.63
.68
.69
.67
Poland
1.22
1.19
1.21
1.17
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.17
Hungary
.45
.46
.45
.43
.39
.39
.38
.37
Bulgaria
.22
.23
.26
.28
.28
.28
.28
.27
Yugoslavia
.47
.45
.51
.54
.54
.56
.56
.54
6.30
6.29
6.60
6.63
7.10
7.41
7.65
7.91
6.01
6.05
6.38
6.42
6.92
7.25
7.50
7.75
.18
.19
.19
.21
.22
.22
.23
.24
.18
.19
.19
.21
.22
.22
.23
.24
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.53
.58
.66
.56
.64
.77
.85
.97
.34
.36
.39
.36
.41
.57
.63
.73
.19
.22
.27
.20
.23
.20
.22
.24
Other Africa
.62
.57
.56
.60
.62
.63
.63
.61
South Africa
.57
.52
.52
.55
.56
.57
.56
.54
Tunisia
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
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.73
.71
.69
.71
.72
.77
.79
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.48
.44
.41
.43
.44
.44
.45
.22
.25
.25
.25
.26
.31
.32
.20
.20
.22
.23
.24
.26
.28
.08
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
.10
.12
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.17
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.13
.12
.12
.11
.12
.12
.12
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
3.09
3.19
3.21 -
3.20
3.22
3.21
3.16
.69
.71
.76
.76
.77
.78
.79
1.20
1.24
1.23
1.22
1.21
1.18
1.11
.37
.37
.36
.36
.36
.35
.35
.27
.29
.28
.27
.27
.26
.27
.57
.58
.58
.60
.61
.64
.64
8.44
8.65
8.80
5.79
8.68
8.73
8.81
8.28
8.49
8.63
8.62
8.52
8.57
8.64
.23
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.23
.23
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.23
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
1.25
1.34
1.44
1.41
1.22
1.03
.83
.98
1.05
1.15
1.13
.92
.72
.50
.28
.29
.29
.28
.30
.31
.32
.64
.65
.64
.62
.61
.61
.64
.57
.58
.56
.54
.53
.53
.55
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
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Appendix Table 4 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
Other Asia
.53
.56
.55
.61
.73
.76
.78
.83
China (Taiwan)
.13
.16
.17
.20
.24
.26
.28
.29
Malaysia
.16
.15
.14
.15
.16
.16
.16
.17
Korea (South)
.24
.25
.24
.26
.33
.34
.34
.37
Other Latin America
4.10
4.10
4.37
4.40
4.67
4.83
4.97
5.06
Argentina
.89
.81
.80
.78
.75
.76
.75
.74
Brazil
1.37
1.48
1.66
1.62
1.83
1.98
2.11
2.25
Mexico
1.07
1.05
1.14
1.24
1.35
1.34
1.37
1.38
Suriname
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Chile
.31
.28
.29
.29
.27
.28
.27
.24
Jamaica
.05
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.06
Costa Rica
.03
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
Uruguay
.11
.12
.10
.08
.07
.06
.06
.06
Panama
.03
.02
.03
.03
.03
.03
.04
.04
Peru
.23
.24
.24
.26
.25
.25
.26
.25
Sundry Group 4
.04
.04
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
Communist Latin America
.28
.25
.22
.20
.18
.16
.16
.16
Cuba
USS62-US1122 per capita (1979)
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.92
2.99
3.12
3.11
3.12
Non-Communist countries
2.69
2.68
2.70
2.70
2.76
2.88
2.86
2.86
.43
.46
.48
.46
.49
.51
.52
.51
.43
.46
.48
.46
.49
.51
.52
.51
.03
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.03
.03
.43
.46
.51
.48
.48
.54
.49
.50
.08
.07
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.35
.39
.44
.40
.40
.46
.41
.42
Other Africa
.47
.42
.38
.37
.36
.36
.36
.36
Ivory Coast
.08
.07
.07
.08
.09
.09
.09
.08
Mauritius
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Morocco
.25
.23
.19
.18
.17
.17
.17
.17
Congo
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Angola
.10
.09
.09
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
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.84
.87
.94
.98
1.05
1.09
1.08
.28
.29
.30
.31
.34
.36
.37
.17
.18
.19
.19
.20
.21
.22
.38
.41
.45
.47
.51
.52
.49
5.27
5.36
5.36
5.35
5.37
5.57
5.82
76
.74
.69
.69
.64
.67
.65
2.39
2.49
2.60
2.61
2.66
2.74
2.90
1.41
1.45
1.41
1.40
1.44
1.51
1.59
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.24
.21
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
06
.06
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.04
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.04
.26
.27
.26
.25
.24
.24
.24
.17
.17
.17
.16
.16
.16
.16
.17
.17
.17
.16
.16
.16
.16
3.36
3.57
3.62
3.71
3.75
3.80
3.91
.62
.69
.73
.79
.80
.83
.89
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.52
.58
.62
.68
.69
.71
.77
.37
.37
.37
.36
.36
.36
.36
.08
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.08
.08
.07
.06
.06
.05
.05
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Appendix Table 4 (continued)
Other Asia
.66
.67
.68
.75
.76
.78
.79
.80
Syria
.09
.08
.07
.08
.08
.09
.09
.08
Jordan
.01
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
Thailand
.24
.22
.23
.25
.30
.31
.31
.32
Philippines
.27
.31
.32
.35
.32
.33
.33
.34
Yemen (North)
.05
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.04
.04
.66
.63
.61
.61
.63
.63
.65
.65
.09
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.09
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Paraguay
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Colombia
.30
.30
.29
.29
.30
.30
.31
.31
Nicaragua
.03
.03
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
Guyana
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Bolivia
.08
.06
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
El Salvador
.05
.05
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.11
.17
.20
.23
.23
.24
.25
.26
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Communist Asia
.08
.13
.17
.20
.20
.21
.22
.23
Korea (North)
.07
.12
.14
.17
.18
.19
.20
.21
Mongolia
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Non-communist countries
7.62
7.02
6.92
6.49
6.57
6.57
6.32
6.26
.36
.33
.32
.33
.54
.65
.66
.77
Other Africa
2.24
2.08
2.09
2.04
1.95
1.96
1.91
1.81
Liberia
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Egypt
.48
.43
.40
.46
.44
.44
.41
.37
Swaziland
.00
.00
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
Ghana
.17
.14
.22
.20
.17
.18
.17
.17
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
.06
.09
.08
.09
.09
.09
.10
.09
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.83
.89
.91
.93
.95
.98
1.01
.10
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.02
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.04
.32
.34
.35
.36
.38
.39
.40
.35
.36
.37
.38
.38
.40
.41
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.68
.69
.70
.72
.73
.73
.75
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.11
.11
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.09
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.05
.32
.33
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.03
.03
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.04
.24
.26
.24
.23
.24
.24
.24
.23
.24
.22
.21
.22
.22
.23
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
11.10
11.47
11.10
11.37
11.70
11.75
12.07
.97
1.07
1.09
1.12
1.15
1.17
1.23
.97
1.07
1.09
1.12
1.15
1.17
1.23
1.85
1.80
1.71
1.72
1.69
1.68
1.70
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.39
.39
.36
.41
.42
.44
.47
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.17
.15
.14
.13
.12
.12
.12
.10
.10
.09
.08
.07
.07
.07
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 4 (condoned)
Zambia
.07
.08
.08
.09
.08
.07
.08
.07
Cameroon
.12
.09
.08
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
Botswana
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Senegal
.11
.10
.09
.08
.06
.06
.06
.06
Sudan
.20
.19
.19
.17
.13
.13
.14
.13
Madagascar
.13
.11
.09
.08
.08
.07
.07
.06
Togo
.02
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Mauritania
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Kenya
.10
.09
.09
.08
.09
.09
.10
.09
Benin
.03
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Uganda
.13
.12
.11
.10
.10
.10
.10
.09
Mozambique
.07
.06
.09
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
Gambia, The
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Siam Leone
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Lesotho
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Tanzania
.07
.07
.07
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
Guinea
.04
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Malawi
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Rwanda
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Central African Republic
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Zaire
.10
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
Burundi
.03
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Niger
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
Upper Volta
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Ethiopia
.08
.09
.10
.10
.09
.09
.09
.09
Somalia
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Mali
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Chad
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
Other Asia
4.89
4.49
4.40
4.02
3.99
3.87
3.65
3.59
Lebanon
.06
.06
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
Yemen (South)
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Sri Lanka
.10
.09
.10
.09
.09
.09
.09
.08
Pakistan
.38
.35
.33
.35
.38
.37
.35
.35
Afghanistan
11
.10
.09
.08
.07
.07
.07
.06
India
3.70
3.41
3.36
3.02
2.99
2.90
2.74
2.69
Burma
.12
.13
.14
.14
.12
.12
.11
.11
Nepal
.06
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.04
.04
Bangladesh
.31
.27
.26
.22
.24
.22
.18
.18
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.07
.07
.07
.06
.06
.05
.05
.08
.08
.08
.07
.08
.08
.08
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.06
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.04
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.05
.02
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
'.01
.01
.01
.01
.10
.09
.10
.09
.09
.09
.09
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02.
.02
.02
.08
.08
.08
.08
.07
.07
.07
.09
.08
.07
.06
.06
.05
.05
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.11
.10
.10
.09
.09
.08
.08
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.09
.09
.09
.08
.08
.08
.08
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
3.55
3.74
3.65
3.72
3.72
3.58
3.66
.06
.05
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.08
.09
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.37
.37
.37
.36
.38
.39
.40
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
2.62
2.82
2.73
2.81
2.79
2.63
2.68
.11
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.13
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 4 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1%5
1970
1971
1972
1973
Other Latin America
.11
.09
.08
.08
.07
.07
.07
.07
Honduras
.05
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
Haiti
.06
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
Sundry Group 6
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Communist countries
3.15
4.05
4.00
3.99
4.38
4.46
4.43
4.64
Communist Asia
3.15
4.05
4.00
3.99
4.38
4.46
4.43
4.64
China (Mainland)
2.89
3.77
3.70
3.67
4.06
4.15
4.14
4.37
Kampuchea
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
Vietnam
.22
.23
.26
.28
.28
.27
.26
.24
Laos
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
OECD-total
63.71
62.97
61.43
62.04
61.04
60.50
60.86
60.40
OECD-Europe
24.28
24.48
25.09
25.03
24.62
24.41
24.27
24.02
European Community
19.43
19.65
20.33
20.09
19.67
19.48
19.34
19.16
NATO-total
55.21
53.96
51.71
50.98
48.06
47.56
47.67
47.15
NATO-Europe
20.49
20.75
21.46
21.25
20.87
20.72
20.60
20.41
China (Mainland)
2.89
3.77
3.70
3.67
4.06
4.15
4.14
4.37
Warsaw Pact
15.55
15.90
17.01
16.66
16.54
16.45
16.09
16.03
USSR
10.99
11.32
12.26
12.17
12.32
12.18
11.82
11.85
Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
4.56
4.58
4.75
4.49
4.22
4.27
4.28
4.18
Other Soviet associates
.56
.54
.55
.54
.52
.49
.47
.45
OPEC
1.88
1.99
2.23
2.16
2.54
2.94
3.03
3.39
Affluent
.55
.62
.74
.79
.88
.98
1.02
1.14
Indigent
1.32
1.37
1.49
1.37
1.65
1.96
2.00
2.25
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
.07
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
0.2
4.65
4.77
4.56
4.73
5.05
5.24
5.39
4.65
4.77
4.56
4.73
5.05
5.24
5.39
4.39
4.64
4.42
4.58
4.91
5.10
5.25
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.23
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
58.64
57.65
57.90
57.66
57.49
57.52
57.06
23.73
23.19
23.19
22.76
22.52
22.56
22.45
45.72
44.73
45.04
44.87
44.76
44.60
43.94
20.09
19.64
19.73
19.40
19.23
19.27
19.15
9.95
10.06
10.15
10.21
10.29
10.51
10.69
7.85
7.92
7.97
8.05
8.11
8.30
8.48
16.13
16.30
16.23
16.10
15.96
15.63
15.51
11.90
11.94
11.90
11.80
11.69
11.43
11.36
4.24
4.35
4.33
4.30
4.26
4.20
4.15
4.67
4.97
5.13
5.20
5.06
5.01
4.97
1.83
1.87
1.88
1.88
1.89
1.98
2.02
2.85
3.11
3.26
3.32
3.16
3.03
2.95
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 5
Shares in the Planetary Population, Selected Years, 1950-80
World
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Non-Communist countries
65.07
64.94
64.95
65.55
65.29
65.28
65.30
65.35
Communist countries
34.93
35.06
35.05
34.45
34.71
34.72
34.70
34.65
Developed countries
33.58
32.70
31.68
30.72
29.07
28.77
28.48
28.21
Non-Communist countries
22.30
21.65
20.91
20.29
19.25
19.06
18.89
18.72
Communist countries
11.28
11.06
10.77
10.43
9.82
9.71
9.60
9.49
Less-developed countries
66.42
67.30
68.32
69.28
70.93
71.23
71.52
71.79
Non-Communist countries
42.76
43.29
44.04
45.26
46.04
46.22
46.41
46.63
Communist countries
23.65
24.01
24.29
24.01
24.89
25.01
25.10
25.17
US6733 or same per capita (1979)
15.86
15.51
15.05
14.64
13.90
13.77
13.64
13.52
Non-Communist countries
15.86
15.51
15.05
14.64
13.90
13.77
13.64
13.52
North America
6.57
6.55
6.49
6.38
6.07
6.01
5.95
5.90
United States
6.03
5.99
5.91
5.79
5.50
5.44
5.39
5.34
Canada
.54
.57
.59
.59
.57
.57
.56
.56
OECD-Europe
5.43
5.16
4.91
4.74
4.43
4.38
4.33
4.27
Sweden
.28
.26
.24
.23
.22
.21
.21
.21
Germany (Federal Republic)
1.98
1.89
1.81
1.75
1.63
1.61
1.59
1.57
Denmark
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.13
.13
.13
Switzerland
.19
.18
.18
.18
.17
.17
.16
.16
Norway
.13
.12
.12
.11
.10
.10
.10
.10
France
1.66
1.57
1.49
1.45
1.36
1.35
1.33
1.32
Luxembourg
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Belgium
.34
.32
.30
.28
.26
.25
.25
.25
Netherlands
.40
.39
.38
.37
.35
.35
.34
.34
Iceland
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Austria
.27
.25
.23
.22
.20
.20
.19
.19
.33
.33
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.33
.33
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
.34
OPEC
.20
.21
.21
.23
.25
.25
.25
.25
Qatar
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Kuwait
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
Saudi Arabia
.15
.15
.16
.16
.17
.16
.16
.16
United Arab Emirates
.00
.00
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
Libya
.04
.04
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
65.40
65.47
65.58
65.70
65.83
65.96
66.01
34.60
34.53
34.42
34.30
34.17
34.04
33.99
27.93
27.67
27.40
27.15
26.91
26.67
26.41
18.55
18.38
18.20
18.04
17.88
17.72
17.55
9.39
9.29
9.20
9.12
9.03
8.95
8.85
72.07
72.33
72.60
72.85
73.09
73.33
73.59
46.85
47.10
47.38
47.66
47.95
48.23
48.45
25.22
25.24
25.22
25.19
25.14
25.10
25.14
13.39
13.27
13.13
13.00
12.88
12.76
12.63
5.85
5.81
5.77
5.73
5.69
5.65
5.61
5.30
5.25
5.22
5.18
5.14
5.11
5.07
.56
.55
.55
.55
.54
.54
.53
4.20
4.13
4.06
3.99
3.93
3.87
3.81
.20
.20
.20
.19
.19
.19
.19
1.54
1.50
1.47
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.37
13
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.11
.16
.16
.15
.15
.15
.14
.14
.10
.10
.10
.09
.09
.09
.09
1.30
1.28
1.26
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
24
.24
.23
.23
.23
.22
.22
.34
.33'0
.33
.33
.32
.32
.31
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.19
.18
.18
.18
.17
.17
.17
.02
.02
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.06
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table S (continued)
3.32
3.24
3.08
2.95
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.75
3.32
3.24
3.08
2.95
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.75
Sundry Group 1
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
US4489-US6732 per capita (1979)
12.51
12.11
11.68
11.29
10.58
10.45
10.32
10.21
Non-Communist countries
4.16
3.91
3.67
3.48
3.23
3.18
3.14
3.10
OECD-Europe
4.02
3.75
3.50
3.30
3.05
3.01
2.96
2.92
Finland
.16
.15
.14
.14
.12
.12
.12
.12
United Kingdom
1.99
1.85
1.72
1.62
1.49
1.46
1.44
1.41
Italy
1.86
1.75
1.64
1.55
1.44
1.42
1.40
1.39
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.07
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.07
.07
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Sundry Group 2
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Communist countries
8.35
8.19
8.01
7.81
7.36
7.27
7.19
7.11
Communist Europe
8.35 -
8.19
8.01
7.81
7.36
7.27
7.19
7.11
Germany (Democratic
Republic)
.73
.64
.56
.51
.46
.45
.44
.43
Czechoslovakia
.49
.47
.45
.42
.38
.38
.37
.37
USSR
7.13
7.08
7.01
6.88
6.51
6.44
6.38
6.31
US2245-US4488 per capita (1979)
5.21
5.09
4.95
4.79
4.59
4.55
4.51
4.48
Non-Communist countries
2.28
2.22
2.19
2.17
2.12
2.11
2.11
2.10
OECD-Europe
1.53
1.45
1.36
1.30
1.22
1.21
1.19
1.18
Ireland
.12
.11
.09
.09
.08
.08
.08
.08
Greece
.30
.29
.27
.25
.24
.23
.23
.23
Spain
1.11
1.05
1.00
.96
.91
.90
.89
.88
Other Europe
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
Cyprus
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Malta
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
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Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
2.73
2.71
2.69
2.67
2.65
2.63
2.61
2.73
2.71
2.69
2.67
2.65
2.63
2.61
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
10.09
9.97
9.86
9.75
9.65
9.54
9.43
2.88
2.83
2.79
2.75
2.71
2.67
2.63
.12
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
1.39
1.36
1.34
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.37
1.36
1.34
1.33
1.31
1.29
1.27
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.08
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
7.03
6.%
6.89
6.83
6.76
6.70
6.63
7.03
6.%
6.89
6.83
6.76
6.70
6.63
.42
.41
.40
.39
.39
.38
.37
.36
.36
.36
.35
.35
.35
.34
6.25
6.19
6.13
6.08
6.03
5.98
5.92
4.45
4.43
4.41
4.40
4.38
4.36
4.34
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.15
1.14
1.13
1.12
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.21
.21
.87
.86
.86
.85
.85
.84
.84
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 5 (continued)
OPEC
.42
.45
.49
.52
.55
.56
.57
.58
Gabon
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Venezuela
.20
.22
.25
.27
.29
.29
.30
.30
Iraq
.20
.21
.22
.24
.25
.26
.26
.27
Other Asia
.13
.14
.16
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
Singapore
.04
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
Hong Kong
.09
.09
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
Bahrain
.00
.00
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Other Latin America
.12
.12
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
Puerto Rico, et at.
.09
.08
.08
.08
.07
.07
.07
.07
Trinidad and Tobago
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Barbados
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Sundry Group 3
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
Communist countries
2.93
2.86
2.75
2.62
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.38
Communist Europe
2.93
2.86
2.75
2.62
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.38
Romania
.65
.63
.60
.57
.54
.54
.53
.53
Poland
.98
.98
.97
.93
.87
.86
.85
.84
Hungary
.37
.35
.33
.30
.28
.27
.27
.26
Bulgaria
.29
.27
.26
.24
.23
.22
.22
.22
Yugoslavia
.65
.63
.60
.58
.55
.54
.54
.53
US1123-US2244 per capita (1979)
8.32
8.51
8.79
9.15
9.36
9.40
9.44
9.48
Non-Communist countries
8.09
8.28
8.57
8.91
9.13
9.17
9.21
9.25
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.10
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
.65
.68
.71
.74
.78
.78
.79
.79
.36
.36
.36
.36
.37
.37
.38
.38
Other Africa
.68
.69
.70
.72
.74
.74
.75
.75
South Africa
.54
.55
.56
.58
.60
.61
.61
.61
Tunisia
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
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Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
.59
.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.30
.31
.31
.32
.32
.33
.33
.27
.27
.28
.28
.29
.29
.30
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.06
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
2.35
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.25
2.22
.52
.52
.51
.51
.50
.50
.50
.83
.83
.82
.81
.81
.80
.79
.26
.26
.25
.25
.25
.24
.24
.22
.21
.21
.21
.20
.20
.20
.52
.52
.52
.51
.51
.50
.50
9.53
9.58
9.64
9.69
9.74
9.79
9.83
1.19
1.20
1.22
1.23
1.25
1.26
1.28
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.39
.39
.39
.40
.41
.41
.42
.75
.76
.76
.77
.77
.77
.78
.62
.62
.62
.63
.63
.63
.63
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
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Appendix Table S (continued)
Other Asia
1.41
1.39
1.46
1.54
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.58
China (Taiwan)
.32
.34
.37
.39
.39
.39
.39
.39
Malaysia
.25
.26
.28
.29
.29
.29
.30
.30
Korea (South)
.84
.79
.82
.87
.88
.89
.89
.89
Other Latin America
4.62
4.81
5.00
5.23
5.39
5.41
5.44
5.47
Argentina
.68
.68
.67
.66
.64
.63
.63
.63
Brazil
2.12
2.23
2.34
2.48
.2.57
2.58
2.60
2.61
Mexico
1.06
1.11
1.18
1.27
1.34
1.36
1.37
1.39
Suriname
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Chile
.24
.24
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
Jamaica
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
Costa Rica
.03
.04
.04
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
Uruguay
.09
.08
.08
.08
.08
.07
.07
.07
Panama
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
Peru
.31
.32
.33
.35
.36
.36
.37
.37
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
Communist Latin America
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
Cuba
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
USS62-US1122 per Capita (1979)
6.39
6.59
6.90
7.23
7.50
7.56
7.62
7.68
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
Papua New Guinea
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
1.45
1.48
1.53
1.60
1.67
1.69
1.71
1.72
.13
.14
.14
.15
.16
.16
.16
.16
1.32
1.34
1.39
1.45
1.51
1.53
1.54
1.56
Other Africa
.70
.71
.73
.75
.78
.78
.79
.80
Ivory Coast
.11
.11
.12
.13
.15
.15
.15
.16
Mauritius
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Morocco
.37
.39
.41
.42
.43
.43
.43
.43
Congo
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Angola
.16
.16
.16
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
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Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.60
.39
.39
.39
.39
.40
.40
.40
.30
.30
.30
.31
.31
.31
.31
.89
.89
.89
.89
.89
.89
.89
5.50
5.53
5.57
5.60
5.63
5.67
5.69
.62
.62
.62
.62
.62
.62
.62
2.62
2.64
2.65
2.67
2.69
2.70
2.71
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.46
1.48
1.49
1.50
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.23
.23
.23
.23
.22
.22
.22
.23
.23
.23
.23
.22
.22
.22
7.74
7.81
7.88
7.95
8.03
8.11
8.16
.99
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.01
1.02
1.74
1.77
1.79
1.81
1.84
1.87
1.90
.17
.17
.17
.17
.17
.18
.18
1.58
1.60
1.62
1.64
1.67
1.69
1.72
.80
.81
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.16
.16
.17
.17
.17
.18
.18
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.44
.44
.45
.45
.46
.46
.47
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.15
.14
.14
.15
.15
.15
.15
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Appendix Table 5 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1%5
1970
1971
1972
1973
Other Asia
1.92
2.03
2.13
2.26
2.35
2.37
2.39
2.40
Syria
.14
.14
.15
.16
.17
.17
.17
.18
Jordan
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
Thailand
.79
.85
.90
.96
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.02
Philippines
.82
.87
.91
.97
1.01
1.02
1.02
1.03
Yemen (North)
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
Other Latin America
.98
1.03
1.08
1.14
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.20
Guatemala
.12
.12
.13
.14
.14
.14
.14
.15
Dominican Republic
.09
.10
.10
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
Belize
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Paraguay
.06
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
Colombia
.46
.49
.52
.56
.58
.58
.58
.58
Nicaragua
.04
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
Guyana
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Bolivia
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
El Salvador
.08
.08
.08
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.44
.40
.43
.45
.47
.48
.48
.48
Communist Europe
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
Albania
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
Communist Asia
.39
.35
.38
.40
.41
.42
.42
.43
Korea (North)
.36
.32
.35
.36
.38
.38
.39
.39
Mongolia
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
USS61 or lea per capita (1979)
51.71
52.20
52.63
52.90
54.07
54.28
54.46
54.63
Non-Communist countries
28.73
28.83
29.00
29.57
29.88
29.97
30.07
30.18
Other Africa
5.52
5.60
5.70
5.88
6.01
6.05
6.09
6.13
Liberia
.03
.03
.03
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
Egypt
.81
.83
.85
.88
.89
.89
.89
.89
Swaziland
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Ghana
.21
.22
.23
.24
.24
.24
.24
.24
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.15
.15
.15
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Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
2.42
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.52
2.52
.18
.18
.18
.19
.19
.19
.19
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.08
.12
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.25
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.16
.16
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.58
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.60
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
.05
.05
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.11
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.43
.44
.44
.45
.45
.46
.47
.40
.40
.41
.41
.42
.42
.43
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
54.80
54.95
55.09
55.20
55.32
55.44
55.60
30.30
30.43
30.59
30.75
30.91
31.08
31.21
6.18
6.23
6.30
6.36
6.43
6.51
6.57
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.89
.90
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.25
.25
.25
.26
.26
.27
.27
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.17
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Appendix Table 5 (continued)
1950
1955
1960
1%5
1970
1971
1972
1973
Zambia
.10
.10
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
Cameroon
.19
.19
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
Botswana
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
Senegal
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
Sudan
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.37
.38
Madagascar
.18
As
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
.18
Togo
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
Mauritania
.04
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Kenya
.24
.25
.27
.28
.30
.31
.31
.32
Benin
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
Uganda
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.27
.27
Mozambique
.23
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
Gambia, The
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
Sierra Leone
.08
.08
.08
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
Lesotho
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
Tanzania
.33
.33
.34
.35
.36
.36
.36
.37
Guinea
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
Malawi
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
Rwanda
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
Central African Republic
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
Zaire
.52
.52
.53
.56
.58
.59
.59
.60
Burundi
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.10
.09
.09
Niger
.09
.09
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
Al
Upper Volta
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
Ethiopia
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
.69
.69
Somalia
.07
.07
.07
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
Mali
.13
.13
.13
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
Chad
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
Other Asia
19.66
19.69
19.75
20.07
20.30
20.35
20.40
20.46
Lebanon
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
Yemen (South)
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
Sri Lanka
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.34
.34
.33
Pakistan
1.56
1.60
1.65
1.71
1.76
1.77
1.79
1.80
Afghanistan
.31
.31
.32
.32
.32
.32
.32
.33
India
14.64
14.59
14.58
14.74
14.86
14.88
14.91
14.94
Burma
.71
.71
.71
.72
.73
.73
.73
.73
Nepal
.36
.34
.33
.32
.32
.32
.32
.32
Bangladesh
1.69
1.72
1.75
1.82
1.87
1.88
1.88
1.90
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.18
.18
.18
.19
.19
.19
.19
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.38
.39
.39
.40
.41
.41
.42
.18
.18
.19
.19
.19
.19
.19
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.32
.33
.33
.34
.35
.36
.36
.07
.07
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
.28
.28
.29
.29
.29
.30
.31
.22
.22
.22
.22
.23
.23
.23
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.08
.08
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.37
.37
.38
.38
.39
.39
.40
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
.60
.61
.62
.62
.63
.64
.64
09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.11
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.15
'.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.70
.70
.70
.71
.72
.72
.73
.OE
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.14
.14
.14
.14
.15
.15
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
20.51
20.59
20.68
20.76
20.84
20.91
20.97
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
1.81
1.83
1.85
1.87
1.89
1.91
1.93
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
14.97
15.00
15.05
15.09
15.11
15.14
15.15
.74
.74
.75
.75
.76
.76
.77
.32
.32
.32
.33
.33
.33
.33
1.91
1.93
1.94
1.96
1.98
2.00
2.02
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 5 (continued)
Other Latin America
.18
.18
.19
.19
.20
.20
.20
20
Honduras
.06
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.
07
Haiti
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.12
.
12
.
22.98
23.37
23.63
23.33
24.19
24.31
24.40
24
45
22.98
23.37
23.63
23.33
24.19
24.31
24.40
.
24
45
China (Mainland)
21.67
22.07
22.28
21.93
22.76
22.89
22.97
.
23
03
Kampuchea
.16
.17
.18
.18
.19
.19
.19
.
18
Vietnam
1.07
1.06
1.09
1.14
1.15
1.15
1.16
.
1
16
Laos
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.
08
20.98
20.30
19.20
19.00
18.81
.
18
63
9.79
9.68
.
9
57
European Community
8.53
8.04
7.59
6.66
6.57
.
6.48
21.67
22.07
22.28
21.93
22.76
22.89
22.97
23
03
Warsaw Pact
10.63
10.42
10.16
9.85
9.28
9.17
9.06
.
8
96
USSR
7.13
7.08
7.01
6.88
6.51
6.44
6.38
.
6
31
Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
3.50
3.35
3.16
2.97
2.76
2.72
2.68
.
2
65
1.68
.
1
68
OPEC
6.38
6.45
6.59
6.80
6.91
6.95
6.99
.
7.04
Affluent
.63
.66
.70
.75
.80
.81
.82
83
Indigent
5.75
5.79
5.88
6.05
6.11
6.14
6.17
.
6.21
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Country-Group and
Country Population
As Percent of World Total
.20
.20
.20
.21
.21
.21
.21
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.12
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.13
.08
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
24.50
24.51
24.49
24.45
24.41
24.35
24.39
24.50
24.51
24.49
24.45
24.41
24.35
24.39
23.08
23.11
23.10
23.06
23.01
22.96
23.00
.18
.16
.15
.14
.14
.13
.13
1.16
1.16
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.18
1.19
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
18.45
18.27
18.09
17.92
17.75
17.58
17.40
9.46
9.34
9.22
9.11
9.01
8.90
8.79
13.70
13.56
13.42
13.28
13.15
13.02
12.89
7.84
7.75
7.65
7.56
7.46
7.37
7.28
4.43
4.41
4.39
4.36
4.34
4.31
4.28
2.73
2.71
2.69
2.67
2.65
2.63
2.61
23.08
23.11
23.10
23.06
23.01
22.96
23.00
8.86
8.77
8.69
8.60
8.52
8.44
8.36
6.25
6.19
6.13
6.08
6.03
5.98
5.92
2.61
2.58
2.55
2.52
2.50
2.47
2.44
7.09
7.15
7.21
7.27
7.34
7.40
7.47
.85
.86
.87
.89
.90
.91
.93
6.25
6.29
6.33
6.38
6.44
6.49
6.55
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 6
Growth Rates for the Planetary Product, by Component Country-Groups and Countries,
Selected Years, 1950-80
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
5.2
4.3
5.1
5.1
5.4
3.1
3.8
4.5
Non-Communist countries
4.8 .
4.0
5.1
5.0
5.5
3.1
3.8
4.5
6.5
5.5
4.7
5.3
5.0
3.4
4.0
4.6
Developed countries
5.1
4.3
5.2
4.8
5.0
2.4
3.5
3.8
Non-Communist countries
4.9
3.9
5.3
4.8
5.2
2.1
3.7
3.7
Communist countries
5.6
5.8
4.7
4.9
4.4
3.6
2.7
4.1
Less-developed countries
5.5
4.6
4.6
6.1
6.9
5.6
4.9
7.1
Non-Communist countries
4.4
4.7
4.5
6.0
6.7
6.4
4.0
7.4
Communist countries
10.1
4.2
5.0
6.8
7.4
2.7
8.3
6.3
US6733 or more per capita (1979)
5.1
3.9
5.4
4.8
5.3
2.0
3.8
3.8
North America
4.2
2.4
4.7
3.2
4.8
1.3
3.9
3.2
United States
4.2
2.3
4.6
3.1
4.7
1.1
3.9
2.9
Canada
5.2
4.0
5.7
4.8
6.8
3.4
3.1
7.0
OECD-Europe
6.0
5.5
5.2
4.8
4.5
1.9
3.0
3.9
Sweden
3.4
3.4
5.2
3.9
1.7
2.1
1.3
.2
Germany (Federal Republic)
9.4
6.5
5.0
4.4
3.9
1.3
3.6
3.2
Denmark
2.0
4.4
5.3
4.7
4.4
1.8
2.1
2.4
Switzerland
4.9
4.3
5.2
4.2
3.4
-2.3
1.6
4.1
Norway
3.8
3.3
4.8
3.7
4.6
5.1
4.4
4.6
France
4.1
6.3
5.8
5.4
5.6
2.7
3.1
5.4
Luxembourg
2.3
2.9
3.4
3.7
6.7
-.5
2.5
4.1
Belgium
3.4
2.6
5.1
4.8
5.4
2.7
1.9
3.9
Netherlands
5.1
4.0
4.8
5.5
4.5
2.6
2.5
4.3
Iceland
6.2
3.2
6.5
2.3
9.0
2.3
4.2
12.8
Austria
6.4
5.5
4.2
5.3
5.6
2.8
3.4
5.6
3.8
4.0
4.8
6.1
4.7
3.0
2.4
5.6
3.8
4.0
4.8
6.1
4.7
3.0
2.4
5.6
10.7
11.3
9.1
11.2
21.6
26.3
4.5
23.6
7.1
8.8
4.2
15.4
24.0
13.0
-.3
39.1
Kuwait
13.1
13.1
2.3
3.9
31.1
6.7
2.1
43.8
Saudi Arabia
11.8
11.8
7.9
9.5
23.9
41.4
6.5
17.8
United Arab Emirates
7.0
8.9
10.8
24.8
13.0
14.9
.6
13.0
Libya
3.1
3.1
43.7
16.2
12.1
23.3
3.0
16.9
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72/71
73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
4.8
6.9
3.4
1.4
4.7
4.2
4.1
3.2
2.0
5.4
6.8
3.2
.9
5.1
4.2
3.9
3.3
1.9
3.0
7.6
4.2
2.9
3.3
4.5
5.1
2.6
2.2
4.9
6.4
2.1
.3
5.0
3.8
3.8
3.0
1.3
5.5
6.4
1.5
-.3
5.1
3.8
3.9
3.4
1.3
2.6
6.4
4.2
2.4
4.3
3.6
3.3
1.3
1.3
4.6
9.0
8.0
4.9
4.0
5.7
5.3
3.8
4.1
4.7
8.2
9.1
5.1
5.1
5.3
3.7
3.0
3.9
4.4
11.6
4.1
4.2
-.0
7.5
10.8
6.7
4.7
5.8
6.1
1.0
-.2
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.4
1.2
5.8
6.1
1.0
-.2
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.4
1.2
5.8
5.6
-.9
-.8
5.7
4.9
4.4
2.4
-.2
5.8
5.4
-1.3
-1.0
5.6
5.1
4.4
2.3
-.2
5.8
7.5
3.5
1.1
5.7
2.7
3.6
2.9
.1
4.4
5.0
2.1
- 1.1
4.7
2.4
3.0
3.7
1.6
1.6
3.4
4.2
.8
1.3
-2.6
2.8
4.0
1.4
3.7
4.9
.5
-1.8
5.2
2.7
3.5
4.6
1.8
5.4
5.2
-.9
-.4
7.0
1.9
1.0
3.5
-1.0
3.2
3.0
1.5
-6.8
-1.4
2.4
.2
2.2
3.2
5.2
4.1
5.2
4.2
5.8
4.1
4.5
4.5
3.7
5.9
5.4
3.0
.2
5.0
2.8
3.3
3.2
1.3
5.9
10.2
4.7
-8.6
2.9
1.7
3.2
2.7
.5
5.8
6.5
4.7
-2.1
5.7
1.3
2.0
2.4
1.4
3.4
5.7
3.5
-1.0
5.3
2.8
2.4
2.2
.8
6.5
7.9
4.0
-.5
3.5
5.8
4.2
2.6
2.5
6.0
5.3
4.3
-2.0
6.2
3.7
1.5
5.1
3.6
15.4
26.1
75.9
6.5
7.5
3.1
4.0
6.4
3.7
5.8
29.5
-5.7
33.0
15.0
-10.7
8.0
2.8
3.0
13.6
37.9
56.2
-21.9
-.4
-10.7
5.0
13.5
-9.1
22.6
31.6
123.1
22.7
3.4
6.0
5.9
7.6
8.0
6.3
20.3
13.6
16.9
14.3
5.2
-4.2
1.0
4.0
13.9
5.8
66.5
-11.5
27.4
9.3
.0
.0
.0
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 6 (condoned)
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
9.3
8.5
10.0
11.3
7.4
2.2
5.3
4.6
9,3
8.5
10.0
11.3
7.4
2.2
5.3
4.6
7.5
3.5
6.5
14.4
2.9
12.5
2.0
-1.1
US4489-US6732 per capita (1979)
5.0
5.2
4.4
4.8
4.1
2.6
2.4
3.0
OECD-Europe
3.9
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.2
1.2
2.5
2.2
Finland
5.8
4.1
5.3
5.2
5.4
1.4
3.0
2.1
United Kingdom
3.0
2.5
3.1
2.5
4.4
.4
1.9
2.8
Italy
5.4
5.5
5.2
6.2
3.9
2.1
3.2
1.6
3.7
4.0
4.9
2.7
4.7
1.6
-4.3
2.5
3.7
4.0
4.9
2.7
4.7
1.6
-4.3
2.5
12.7
8.8
10.0
7.2
9.8
3.7
3.4
10.5
12.7
8.8
10.0
7.2
9.8
3.7
3.4
10.5
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.3
-3.0
-.8
4.1
-1.0
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.3
-3.0
-.8
4.1
-1.0
4.2
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.4
1.4
2.6
2.6
5.7
6.0
4,6
5.1
3.9
3.3
2.5
3.3
Communist Europe
5.7
6.0
4.6
5.1
3.9
3.3
2.5
3.3
Germany
(Democratic Republic)
6.5
5.0
2.7
3.1
2.9
3.6
2.7
2.2
Czechoslovakia
3.4
6.3
2.3
3.4
3.4
2.7
2.2
3.4
USSR
5.8
6.0
4.9
5.4
4.1
3.3
2.5
3.3
US2245-US4488 per capita (1979)
33
4.9
6.0
5.1
6.5
5.5
4.3
7.0
5.9
4.6
7.1
5.9
6.6
5.9
4.9
5.6
OECD-Europe
5.5
3.4
8.1
6.3
6.0
3.2
2.6
4.6
Ireland
2.2
1.2
3.9
4.7
4.8
2.9
4.6
4.1
Greece
6.7
5.5
8.0
7.2
7.8
2.9
4.6
7.1
Spain
5.8
3.2
8.6
6.2
5.7
3.2
2.0
4.1
Other Europe
4.2
3.9
5.0
7.7
5.6
.5
11.1
9.2
Cyprus
5.3
3.8
6.9
7.0
7.0
-6.1
11.3
12.0
Malta
2.0
4.4
.6
9.4
2.1
15.5
10.7
2.3
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
72/71
73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
8.8
8.8
-1.0
2.3
5.3
5.3
5.0
5.5
4.2
8.8
8.8
-1.0
2.3
5.3
5.3
5.0
5.5
4.2
4.7
5.3
17.4
13.3
7.0
5.0
.9
.2
3.8
2.4
6.9
3.1
.8
4.1
2.8
2.9
1.6
1.4
3.2
7.4
1.4
-1.8
4.3
1.4
2.6
3.1
1.3
3.0
7.5
1.2
-2.0
4.5
1.6
3.0
3.1
1.2
7.6
6.6
3.3
.6
.3
.4
1.4
7.2
3.9
2.4
8.0
-1.5
-1.0
3.7
1.3
3.5
.9
-1.8
3.2
7.0
4.1
-3.5
5.9
2.0
2.6
5.0
4.0
4.4
7.2
2.9
1.9
.1
-2.6
-10.8
1.0
2.7
4.4
7.2
2.9
1.9
.1
-2.6
-10.8
1.0
2.7
12.1
6.9
5.8
3.4
1.8
.8
4.8
4.8
3.3
12.1
6.9
5.8
3.4
1.8
.8
4.8
4.8
3.3
-7.8
.0
2.0
-6.4
2.1
3.5
5.5
3.5
3.0
-7.8
.0
2.0
-6.4
2.1
3.5
5.5
3.5
3.0
3.4
7.3
1.6
-1.7
4.4
1.6
2.8
3.4
1.1
2.0
6.7
3.9
2.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
.9
1.5
2.0
6.7
3.9
2.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
.9
1.5
3.4
3.1
4.8
3.8
2.2
3.4
2.5
2.3
2.6
3.6
3.3
3.6
2.9
1.5
4.7
1.4
.7
2.0
1.7
7.2
3.8
1.8
4.3
3.4
3.2
.8
1.4
5.8
6.7
9.0
2.9
4.7
4.3
4.7
3.8
1.6
5.8
8.4
13.3
1.0
3.8
4.9
4.8
5.0
3.0
5.7
7.7
4.0
1.9
3.6
3.0
3.5
1.4
1.4
5.7
4.6
4.6
1.2
2.9
5.7
6.1
1.9
1.0
8.9
7.3
-3.5
6.1
6.4
3.4
6.7
3.8
.6
5.0
8.1
5.7
1.1
3.0
2.6
2.5
.8
1.7
6.4
1.4
-8.5
-6.0
17.9
16.3
9.4
7.6
3.9
6.6
2.6
-15.1
-17.7
18.6
19.0
8.5
6.7
5.0
5.9
-1.9
10.0
19.7
17.0
12.2
11.0
9.0
2.3
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 6 (continued)
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
OPEC
6.4
6.5
4.9
4.7
7.7
15.2
7.8
8.1
Gabon
.1
.1
6.0
9.2
14.3
29.9
.3
-12.8
Venezuela
6.6
6.6
4.4
4.7
8.2
8.5
6.4
8.3
Iraq
6.4
6.5
6.3
4.5
6.1
29.3
10.6
9.0
Other Asia
8.1
7.2
10.0
9.2
8.3
6.1
9.9
6.0
Singapore
6.9
4.1
5.8
12.8
12.5
5.9
8.6
12.5
Hong Kong
9.2
9.2
12.3
7.8
6.4
6.1
11.1
3.1
Bahrain
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.9
1.0
9.8
2.2
.0
Other Latin America
6.2
6.4
3.5
3.5
6.9
.2
4.5
6.4
Puerto Rioo, at al.
5.3
5.3
3.3
3.3
8.6
-.9
3.9
8.1
Trinidad and Tobago
11.1
11.2
3.8
3.1
2.5
4.2
6.2
2.5
Barbados
3.3
3.5
4.6
7.6
-.2
-.5
5.5
-2.8
6.4
3.2
3.8
5.0
6.3
5.2
3.8
8.0
Communist Europe
5.3
5.1
5.2
4.4
6.3
5.2
3.8
8.0
Romania
7.2
4.4
6.0
5.0
7.8
7.6
4.6
14.0
Poland
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.0
7.3
4.9
2.2
7.1
Hungary
5.4
3.9
4.2
3.0
3.9
1.5
3.4
4.4
Bulgaria
6.1
7.3
6.6
5.1
4.0
5.1
1.4
3.4
Yugoslavia
4.3
7.2
6.1
5.2
5.6
5.3
7.2
7.9
US1123-US2244 Per calla (1979)
5.2
S.4
S.1
6.6
9.3
6.9
3.6
9.1
8.6
.9
4.3
6.6
8.6
.9
4.3
6.6
6.9
7.1
1.6
8.1
21.2
17.6
-7.1
25.9
6.0
6.2
3.3
8.0
27.7
20.0
-11.2
44.2
8.5
8.6
-1.0
8.2
7.1
9.5
6.4
-7.1
Other Africa
3.5
4.1
6.6
5.7
4.7
4.8
2.5
5.4
South Africa
3.6
4.0
6.2
5.8
4.1
4.1
1.9
4.9
Tunisia
2.2
4.5
10.0
4.9
10.1
9.9
6.7
9.7
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72/71
73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
4.4
10.9
51.8
-.6
1.4
7.4
5.6
10.4
4.5
24.1
38.1
91.9
4.0
9.9
5.0
-16.7
15.1
6.0
5.1
11.2
41.1
-7.0
-2.6
9.6
6.0
3.7
4.0
1.3
8.3
77.5
12.8
7.9
4.0
7.0
21.5
5.0
9.1
9.7
3.7
1.8
13.4
10.1
9.2
10.4
8.3
13.4
11.5
6.3
4.1
7.3
8.0
8.6
9.3
9.0
7.3
9.0
1.5
.8
16.7
11.9
10.0
11.5
8.0
.0
2.9
13.9
-6.6
24.3
.9
2.5
3.0
5.9
6.6
7.7
-1.4
-.0
2.0
3.2
5.2
5.0
1.1
7.5
10.0
-1.8
-1.9
.9
1.2
5.0
5.5
.0
5.1
.0
.0
7.1
5.7
9.3
6.1
3.3
4.0
-2.2
4.6
-1.6
-1.6
1.9
5.5
4.4
6.6
3.3
5.7
5.3
5.6
4.5
5.6
3.9
4.7
2.7
.4
6.4
3.2
5.6
4.4
12.9
3.5
5.9
4.5
3.8
7.3
7.4
5.9
4.7
4.1
2.8
3.9
-.1
-3.8
2.1
5.2
2.6
2.2
-.1
6.1
2.8
1.3
1.0
4.8
4.0
3.0
8.3
4.0
-1.2
2.8
2.6
2.5
4.8
4.1
8.0
3.8
4.1
7.8
6.7
7.0
3.0
8.3
10.4
10.4
3.9
6.5
4.1
2.9
3.8
2.9
15.8
22.1
33.6
8.6
12.0
2.4
-10.2
-12.9
-18.0
16.1
24.5
38.1
9.0
14.6
2.5
-15.3
-19.3
-28.6
14.7
15.3
19.7
7.0
2.7
2.1
10.2
7.2
6.5
4.3
4.3
7.9
4.1
2.3
.5
3.4
3.6
6.9
2.7
4.6
7.6
3.5
1.3
.0
2.5
3.1
7.0
19.6
1.8
10.5
9.1
10.0
4.1
9.0
7.0
6.0
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Appendix Table 6 (continued)
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
Other Asia
6.4
4.1
7.1
9.0
9.9
7.5
9.3
9.1
China (Taiwan)
9.2
5.7
8.8
9.3
11.8
4.7
9.8
11.4
Malaysia
4.0
3.8
6.0
6.2
7.4
6.7
8.0
6.2
Korea (South)
6.2
3.3
6.4
10.3
9.7
10.0
9.4
8.8
Other Latin America
5.2
5.7
5.2
6.3
8.3
5.1
5.2
7.9
Argentina
3.1
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.7
.9
2.8
5.4
Brazil
6.8
6.8
4.5
7.7
13.0
8.2
5.7
13.3
Mexico
4.8
6.1
6.8
6.9
6.1
4.0
6.1
3.4
Suriname
10.4
7.6
7.6
7.1
2.8
-.4
3.5
2.1
Chile
3.0
4.6
5.0
3.9
1.3
-2.6
8.1
7.7
Jamaica
7.9
7.9
4.7
5.3
2.4
-3.1
-2.6
1.8
Costa Rica
7.4
7.4
4.9
4.6
7.9
4.4
5.9
6.7
Uruguay
5.9
.0
.8
2.3
-1.1
1.7
5.6
-1.0
Panama
4.0
6.2
8.2
7.7
7.3
3.0
2.6
7.0
Peru
5.8
4.3
6.6
4.5
.5.9
4.4
.2
5.8
Communist Latin America
2.2
2.2
3.0
2.4
1.2
5.3
3.3
-3.0
Cuba
2.2
2.2
3.0
2.4
1.2
5.3
3.3
-3.0
USS62-US1122 per capita (1979)
5.5
4.7
5.3
5.6
6.9
8.5
5.5
9.2
Turkey
6.5
6.6
3.6
4.9
7.3
16.7
8.6
19.2
3.7
3.8
6.2
4.9
9.5
12.3
6.4
13.3
7.1
7.1
3.2
4.9
6.9
17.6
9.0
20.3
Other Africa
3.1
2.1
4.4
4.8
4.7
4.5
3.2
4.5
Ivory Coast
3.7
3.7
6.7
7.7
5.0
7.6
6.8
4.7
Mauritius
1.0
1.0
6.2
.1
8.1
3.7
6.1
4.3
Morocco
3.5
.7
3.5
4.4
3.8
6.3
3.7
4.7
Congo
1.3
1.3
3.2
6.8
1.8
2.6
2.6
-2.8
Angola
2.4
4.3
4.3
3.5
6.7
-2.9
-4.1
5.0
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72/71
73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
7.8
12.9
5.1
4.6
13.1
9.1
11.6
7.1
1.3
11.9
12.0
.6
2.4
11.4
8.0
13.9
7.5
6.5
5.8
10.1
6.5
2.5
11.2
8.0
7.6
8.3
6.5
5.7
14.9
8.0
7.1
15.1
10.3
11.6
6.4
-4.3
7.9
9.0
7.6
3.1
4.7
4.0
4.6
6.9
6.6
3.8
4.8
7.2
-1.4
-2.8
4.4
-3.9
8.5
-.3
11.7
14.0
9.8
5.6
9.2
4.7
6.0
6.4
8.0
7.3
7.6
5.9
4.1
2.1
3.3
7.0
8.0
7.8
6.5
.0
-1.6
-2.8
3.2
6.8
2.0
1.9
2.2
-.1
-3.5
4.1
-11.4
.3
8.6
7.3
8.5
6.5
8.2
-2.5
-2.1
-1.0
-6.3
-3.9
-1.7
-2.3
-2.9
8.2
8.9
5.6
2.1
5.5
7.7
5.9
4.0
1.5
-3.2
.9
1.6
-2.5
6.2
2.6
6.0
8.3
4.0
8.7
6.3
6.4
2.6
.0
1.6
2.7
3.5
10.3
5.8
6.2
6.9
3.3
3.1
-1.2
-1.7
3.5
5.0
4.7
4.0
2.2
4.0
3.8
6.0
6.7
2.7
1.5
.5
6.1
10.3
3.1
2.5
3.8
3.8
2.4
1.0
.5
6.1
10.3
3.1
2.5
3.8
3.8
2.4
1.0
4.5
7.2
11.3
7.7
6.4
6.7
5.2
4.7
4.9
-5.2
9.4
28.8
12.1
10.1
13.6
5.3
7.2
9.2
-.5
16.3
22.6
7.5
7.5
7.0
6.8
5.3
4.5
-6.0
8.1
30.1
13.0
10.5
14.8
5.0
7.5
10.0
5.2
4.6
7.2
2.1
4.1
2.3
4.4
2.9
2.4
5.7
4.5
3.6
6.9
12.5
4.7
10.6
5.2
3.5
8.3
11.9
7.0
-2.5
6.9
5.5
6.4
6.5
6.5
5.1
1.5
10.0
3.4
5.7
4.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.4
7.0
4.8
2.1
1.0
-4.7
7.1
5.9
5.0
5.1
10.0
5.7
-4.8
-9.1
-4.8
-4.8
-2.9
.0
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 6 (continued)
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
5.4
4.7
7.0
5.4
7.0
8.0
6.4
7.6
Syria
2.0
1.9
8.1
5.2
7.2
15.5
4.4
13.2
Jordan
10.3
10.3
11.3
1.9
1.8
14.1
7.7
2.2
Thailand
3.6
5.1
7.3
8.7
7.4
7.0
7.2
7.9
Philippines
8.2
4.9
6.8
3.5
6.7
6.7
6.2
5.9
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
9.4
6.0
6.0
12.6
Other Latin America
4.3
3.7
5.0
5.6
6.9
5.6
5.4
5.8
Guatemala
2.3
5.3
5.3
5.8
6.6
5.2
7.8
5.6
Dominican Republic
6.0
5.1
3.0
7.5
11.2
6.8
4.4
10.6
Belize
5.9
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.7
Paraguay
2.8
2.1
5.4
4.2
5.6
6.9
9.5
4.4
Colombia
5.3
4.0
4.7
5.7
7.1
5.1
6.8
5.8
Nicaragua
8.4
2.9
9.1
4.0
4.3
7.0
-6.8
4.9
Guyana
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.3
3.3
5.5
-2.3
2.1
Bolivia
.3
.3
3.9
6.3
5.3
6.0
2.8
3.8
El Salvador
4.6
3.3
6.9
4.5
5.1
5.3
2.0
4.6
5.1
4.3
.9
25.6
5.9
5.7
4.9
5.9
13.7
8.1
7.9
5.1
9.7
5.1
3.8
8.9
5.3
5.1
3.8
3.8
4.7
4.7
2.9
4.4
5.3
5.1
3.8
3.8
4.7
4.7
2.9
4.4
Communist Asia
16.6
8.8
8.7
5.4
10.4
5.2
3.9
9.6
Korea (North)
17.8
8.7
9.6
5.7
11.0
5.3
3.8
10.1
Mongolia
10.4
9.0
2.5
2.7
4.2
3.8
4.6
4.1
US561 or less per capita (1979)
5.7
4.1
4.2
6.0
5.3
3.8
5.8
5.3
3.6
3.7
5.7
15.7
19.0
15.7
6.2
25.9
3.6
3.7
5.7
15.7
19.0
15.7
6.2
25.9
Other Africa
3.6
4.5
4.5
4.2
2.9
1.3
3.1
5.2
Liberia
3.2
3.2
1.4
7.7
6.4
1.2
1.3
11.0
EgM
3.0
2.9
7.7
4.4
-1.1
2.5
11.4
3.8
Swaziland
7.1
7.2
9.5
9.7
6.6
6.4
2.6
9.4
Ghana
1.9
13.6
3.1
2.1
4.6
-3.4
-1.3
7.8
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
11.5
3.0
6.5
5.1
7.9
2.1
-3.8
12.3
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73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
5.3
8.2
7.6
9.3
7.0
6.5
6.1
6.6
5.3
8.1
.6
24.8
20.8
2.1
7.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.9
.3
11.0
7.0
25.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
10.0
5.1
9.3
5.0
7.7
8.2
6.2
8.7
6.6
6.0
4.7
9.6
6.6
6.8
6.7
6.3
4.5
7.8
4.9
6.9
8.9
-1.5
16.9
3.3
7.7
5.0
5.2
4.8
7.5
7.3
7.2
4.2
5.5
6.6
5.7
3.8
4.7
7.4
6.8
6.4
2.0
7.4
14.1
5.2
4.5
3.5
12.4
10.6
8.9
5.1
6.4
4.4
3.8
5.0
4.0
5.4
6.1
5.8
5.5
6.0
5.7
5.4
6.6
2.7
5.1
7.2
8.3
5.0
7.5
8.1
10.5
10.0
11.0
7.9
7.6
6.5
4.3
4.6
5.9
8.0
6.5
6.0
3.7
4.2
13.3
1.8
6.2
7.6
-5.2
-20.5
15.0
7.4
.6
7.0
5.0
4.6
-5.8
-1.0
.0
1.0
5.1
6.9
6.7
5.6
5.8
3.7
2.7
2.1
1.0
5.6
5.1
6.4
5.6
4.0
5.2
4.4
-3.4
-9.1
11.9
9.7
11.4
7.4
-2.9
.1
7.3
4.4
3.5
12.6
10.2
12.0
7.4
-3.1
.0
7.1
4.4
3.5
4.4
4.2
4.2
7.3
.0
1.0
8.7
4.4
3.0
2.2
8.5
5.2
4.7
1.3
6.7
7.2
3.6
4.8
2.3
1.1
5.7
-1.3
-.5
4.6
2.3
2.5
3.6
4.4
4.0
4.3
-3.3
2.9
.2
1.7
2.0
-1.0
-2.9
-3.8
11.4
.7
-3.8
18.3
8.2
8.0
8.0
7.5
3.0
4.4
12.1
2.9
2.0
2.8
3.1
4.9
.6
5.5
5.0
-11.0
-3.4
.4
-3.3
-1.0
2.0
7.7
4.0
10.0
-1.0
-2.3
-6.5
-4.8
.0
5.0
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Appendix Table 6 (continued)
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
Zambia
5.9
5.8
6.9
2.1
2.6
1.0
-3.7
-.8
Cameroon
.7
.6
3.0
7.0
4.5
2.7
5.0
7.4
Botswana
2.9
2.6
4.0
17.0
17.6
10.7
4.8
21.4
Senegal
2.9
2.6
2.0
.2
2.7
.3
-4.4
11.5
Sudan
4.5
4.5
1.8
.9
3.3
3.8
2.8
4.2
Madagascar
1.2
1.1
1.9
4.7
-1.2
1.8
.5
2.0
TWO
2.5
2.5
8.4
7.4
2.3
1.7
5.0
3.5
Mauritania
3.4
3.6
10.0
4.7
2.3
3.6
3.1
-1.9
Kenya
3.5
3.4
3.4
7.6
6.4
3.3
1.8
7.0
Benin
2.4
2.9
1.3
.0
9.4
.7
4.8
23.9
Uganda
4.4
2.0
4.1
4.5
.6
-.8
.6
1.6
Mozambique
3.1
13.0
3.2
6.3
7.6
-5.5
-5.4
6.9
Gambia, The
2.8
3.6
6.1
4.5
4.8
5.4
3.1
10.9
Sierra Leone
4.4
4.3
5.7
3.5
.7
1.6
1.0
-.9
Lesotho
5.2
3.5
7.0
5.2
1.7
6.9
5.7
1.6
Tanzania
3.7
3.9
4.6
6.7
4.4
4.0
3.5
3.2
Guinea
3.4
3.5
4.0
2.7
2.7
-5.6
3.0
2.1
Malawi
4.2
4.0
3.3
5.7
11.5
5.8
6.6
19.3
Rwanda
.2
.2
1.6
8.7
2.0
5.8
5.8
1.2
Central African Republic
.8
.8
1.6
3.5
2.1
2.3
2.7
1.2
Zaire
6.1
6.0
5.1
5.6
4.9
-1.4
-.7
5.9
Burundi
-1.4
-1.6
2.0
4.4
1.3
4.6
4.4
1.2
Niger
3.8
3.5
6.2
2.4
-4.0
10.1
3.9
4.4
Upper Volta
3.2
3.4
2.5
3.3
.6
5.0
4.6
1.7
Ethiopia
6.6
6.6
4.7
4.1
4.0
1.9
1.0
4.5
Somalia
2.3
2.3
1.1
4.0
2.9
-1.5
-2.7
5.6
Mali
6.2
6.1
5.5
3.1
1.3
8.8
4.8
3.5
Chad
1.7
1.7
.0
.8
-5.1
-3.4
2.4
1.0
3.4
3.9
3.2
5.0
1.7
3.7
3.2
1.2
Lebanon
3.3
3.3
5.1
4.7
8.7
-16.4
1.3
9.3
Yemen (South)
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
3.4
.4
5.0
6.3
Sri Lanka
4.3
4.8
3.7
5.6
2.2
3.3
6.3
.2
Pakistan
3.2
3.0
6.7
6.7
2.9
4.6
5.7
.0
Afghanistan
2.2
1.7
3.0
2.7
2.2
2.5
3.2
2.5
India
3.4
4.0
2.9
4.8
1.8
3.7
2.5
1.6
Burma
6.9
5.7
4.2
1.6
2.7
4.5
6.3
4.1
Nepal
2.7
2.8
3.4
1.6
1.6
4.1
3.1
-.1
Bangladesh
2.3
3.5
1.2
7.2
-3.7
7.0
4.4
-5.2
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72/71
73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
9.6
-.7
4.4
-2.9
1.6
-2.5
.0
-8.3
.0
2.3
3.9
3.5
1.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.1
7.1
20.6
11.0
11.0
11.4
9.8
5.3
5.0
4.0
3.9
-4.7
1.8
12.0
-7.9
-2.2
-3.8
-10.7
1.7
-9.1
12.8
-6.2
2.0
3.9
5.5
5.5
4.0
-1.0
2.5
-3.3
-2.2
4.1
1.0
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
-.5
4.1
9.8
-13.0
9.9
5.0
5.1
5.0
7.1
3.3
5.7
9.3
-6.6
8.8
-.5
.0
10.0
4.4
6.8
5.5
4.1
.7
5.0
-1.6
4.0
3.1
2.0
.6
5.1
3.0
2.0
-2.9
3.8
5.4
5.0
5.7
1.5
-1.2
.0
-2.0
-.4
4.0
.0
-2.0
-2.0
5.9
10.0
6.7
-9.1
-13.0
-6.5
-4.8
-4.8
.0
4.9
-.9
12.3
4.2
.0
.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
3.7
-.9
.9
.3
1.9
2.0
-3.6
7.4
6.9
6.9
6.9
5.6
5.3
6.2
5.1
6.0
4.0
2.3
4.6
5.0
3.9
3.5
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.0
-8.2
-5.7
-2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.0
7.6
7.8
5.1
5.5
6.9
6.1
7.2
6.5
6.5
-2.0
7.0
1.1
9.3
7.1
7.0
6.4
4.0
4.0
3.0
2.1
1.7
2.3
2.8
5.1
2.1
1.0
3.0
2.5
6.3
3.5
-6.0
-1.4
1.5
-2.6
-1.0
-2.0
1.7
.9
4.2
2.0
7.8
5.9
4.6
2.9
3.0
-3.7
-12.0
11.2
1.0
18.8
3.9
3.0
5.0
5.0
-2.0
2.2
2.3
7.9
4.9
5.8
2.2
5.9
5.8
4.8
2.8
2.6
2.7
.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
8.2
-4.7
-2.3
-2.1
.0
-2.2
-3.0
-2.8
5.6
5.8
-5.0
-1.3
19.8
9.0
7.5
.9
6.0
6.0
-10.3
-5.7
10.0
.0
-18.1
1.6
3.4
2.1
4.0
-1.0
5.1
2.1
6.9
2.1
6.3
4.2
-.9
4.3
11.8
5.0
5.2
-16.7
-33.4
20.0
-9.1
-4.7
-.5
-3.9
8.1
3.9
-8.2
6.0
6.9
4.1
3.9
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.0
4.4
8.2
6.2
6.0
1.4
7.4
6.8
2.1
4.9
2.8
8.1
6.3
5.7
2.8
1.4
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.5
3.0
4.1
.0
- 1.1
5.0
.8
8.9
1.6
7.2
3.5
-2.9
4.0
3.2
.9
2.6
4.8
6.0
6.4
6.6
6.0
6.9
2.0
2.8
6.4
1.5
4.4
3.2
2.0
4.0
2.0
-12.3
7.5
9.5
2.0
9.7
1.6
7.7
4.0
6.5
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Appendix Table 6 (continued)
55/50
60/55
65/60
70/65
73/70
76/73
79/76
71/70
Other Latin America
2.0
2.6
2.8
2.8
4.9
2.9
5.3
4.8
Honduras
2.5
3.8
5.0
4.3
4.1
2.2
7.2
3.5
Haiti
1.6
1.6
.6
1.0
5.9
3.8
2.9
6.5
Sundry Group 6
3.5
4.4
4.5
4.1
3.0
3.1
2.8
5.2
Communist countries
10.6
4.1
5.0
7.1
7.5
2.5
8.7
6.5
Communist Asia
10.6
4.1
5.0
7.1
7.5
2.5
8.7
6.5
China (Mainland)
10.9
3.9
4.9
7.2
8.1
3.5
8.9
7.0
Kampuchea
4.6
3.7
5.1
5.4
-3.5
-9.8
.0
.0
Vietnam
6.3
6.9
6.1
5.5
.0
-17.9
2.9
.0
Lan
5.4
6.7
5.0
5.5
.0
-2.3
3.5
.0
5.3
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.6
1.9
2.9
3.6
4.7
3.5
4.8
3.9
4.8
1.6
3.5
3.4
5.4
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.6
2.0
3.0
3.7
9.3
8.5
10.0
11.3
7.4
2.2
5.3
4.6
Warsaw Pact
5.6
5.8
4.6
4.9
4.3
3.6
2.5
4.0
USSR
5.8
6.0
4.9
5.4
4.1
3.3
2.5
3.3
Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
5.3
5.1
3.9
3.8
5.1
4.4
2.8
5.8
OPEC
6.4
6.7
4.4
8.6
16.1
18.5
3.0
21.0
Affluent
7.6
8.0
6.5
7.5
14.8
21.8
5.7
15.4
Indigent
5.9
6.1
3.2
9.1
16.8
16.7
1.4
24.0
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72/71
73/72
74/73
75/74
76/75
77/76
78/77
79/78
80/79
5.2
4.7
2.7
-.8
7.0
5.3
5.9
4.6
2.0
3.7
5.2
.7
-1.6
7.8
7.0
7.9
6.7
2.0
7.1
3.9
5.1
.1
6.2
3.3
3.5
1.9
2.0
4.2
12.0
3.5
4.1
.0
8.0
11.3
7.0
4.9
4.6
12.8
3.8
7.0
-.2
8.2
11.6
7.1
5.0
-10.0
.0
-11.1
-12.5
-5.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
-49.3
9.2
2.0
2.2
4.6
1.3
.0
.0
.0
-33.3
40.0
3.6
3.4
3.3
.0
5.1
5.8
.3
-.8
5.5
3.8
3.9
2.8
.5
4.2
6.0
1.8
-.9
5.2
2.5
3.2
3.4
1.4
2.6
6.5
4.0
2.4
4.3
3.4
3.2
1.0
1.2
1.7
7.2
3.8
1.8
4.3
3.4
3.2
.8
1.4
4.9
4.6
4.7
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.3
1.7
.8
8.0.
19.7
42.6
7.9
8.1
5.7
1.2
2.1
1.2
10.0
19.0
65.5
3.7
5.2
4.7
4.6
7.9
4.0
7.0
20.1
31.0
10.6
9.8
6.2
-.7
-1.3
-.7
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 7
Ranking by Total Product, Per Capita Product, and Population, 1980
Total Product a
(million 1980 US dollars)
United States
2556706
Iraq
35602
Dominican
6065
Iceland
1661
USSR
1280146
Finland
32753
Republic
Cyprus
1560
Japan
955308
China (Taiwan)
32498
Vietnam
5993
Haiti
1498
Germany (Fed-
642801
Bulgaria
29878
Qatar
5506
Lebanon
1395
oral Republic)
Greece
29380
Uruguay
4988
Mongolia
1324
China (Mainland)
591653
Philippines
28798
Sri Lanka
4801
Malawi
1217
France
504914
Thailand
28493
Kenya
4595
Bahamas
1097
Italy
303455
Algeria
27904
Trinidad and
4369
Guinea
1061
United Kingdom
297562
Colombia
26288
Tobago
Rwanda
997
Brazil
251399
Egypt
24093
Ethiopia
4191
Benin
984
Canada
236889
Libya
22010
Cameroon
4184
Malta
981
Mexico
137955
Peru
21074
Zaire
4138
Upper Volta
980
India
137312
Chile
20702
Zimbabwe
3783
Fiji
973
Australia
133277
Pakistan
20681
(Rhodesia)
Liberia
972
Poland
124859
Portugal
19954
Costa Rica
3734
Congo
919
Spain
116154
Hong Kong
19187
Bolivia
3702
Bahrain
913
Netherlands
108534
Israel
18988
Angola
3681
Mauritius
859
Germany (Demo-
99583
Malaysia
18970
Jamaica
3629
Sierra Leone
851
cratic Republic)
New Zealand
18202
Tanzania
3530
Togo
837
Sweden
91666
Kuwait
17525
Uganda
3504
Yemen (South)
803
Romania
89295
Korea (North)
15908
Paraguay
3343
Niger
795
Czechoslovakia
84969
Cuba
13980
Luxembourg
3211
Suriname
763
Belgium
84513
Puerto Rico,
13075
Panama
3211
Kampuchea
719
Saudi Arabia
83860
et al.
Afghanistan
3114
Mali
657
Yugoslavia
72275
Morocco
12686
Yemen (North)
3027
Barbados
654
Switzerland
65031
Ireland
12376
El Salvador
2862
Guyana
635
Indonesia
63088
Bangladesh
11112
Madagascar
2750
Burundi
633
Argentina
56754
Singapore
10928
Zambia
2653
Mauritania
462
Nigeria
54251
United Arab
9553
Mozambique
2628
Central African
451
Austria
53910
Emirates
Jordan
2591
Republic
Venezuela
51025
Syria
8566
Gabon
2469
Chad
451
Denmark
50476
Ecuador
8434
Nicaragua
2262
Somalia
393
South Africa
47964
Tunisia
7808
Albania
2157
Laos
338
Iran
43645
Guatemala
7526
Papua New
2139
Lesotho
336
Korea (South)
42424
Ivory Coast
7480
Guinea
Botswana
321
Norway
41687
Sudan
6456
Honduras
2033
Swaziland
306
Turkey
40109
Burma
6413
Senegal
1820
Belize
163
Hungary
39359
Ghana
6082
Nepal
1809
Gambia, The
155
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Per Capita Product ^
(1980 US dollars)
Qatar
25026
Trinidad and
3763
Ecuador
1052
Botswana
407
Kuwait
12915
Tobago
Belize
1048
Sudan
346
Saudi Arabia
11980
Hungary
3664
Paraguay
1028
Sri Lanka
323
United States
11231
Ireland
3630
Syria
987
Togo
322
Sweden
11028
Poland
3511
Colombia
983
Senegal
321
Germany (Fed-
10487
Venezuela
33%
Nicaragua
939
Madagascar
321
eral Republic)
Bulgaria
3368
Ivory Coast
932
Mauritania
308
United Arab
10383
Yugoslavia
3230
Mauritius
904
Kenya
288
Emirates
Spain
3097
Turkey
878
Benin
283
Switzerland
10283
Greece
3096
Korea (North)
823
Haiti
258
Norway
10192
Malta
2786
Albania
804
The Gambia
257
Canada
9875
Iraq
2665
Jordan
785
Uganda
256
Denmark
9826
Cyprus
2509
Mongolia
782
Mozambique
255
France
9420
Bahrain
2397
Guyana
756
Lesotho
251
Australia
9156
Barbados
2294
Nigeria
704
Sierra Leone
248
Luxembourg
8%9
Brazil
2067
Bolivia
691
Pakistan
239
Belgium
8571
Argentina
2053
Papua New
676
Afghanistan
207
Japan
8163
Mexico
2044
Guinea
India
202
Netherlands
7694
Portugal
2009
Moroooo
605
Malawi
202
Libya
7354
Chile
1880
Thailand
601
Tanzania
197
Iceland
7283
Suriname
1874
El Salvador
599
Guinea
1%
Austria
7188
China (Taiwan)
1825
Philippines
597
Rwanda
195
Finland
6864
Uruguay
1704
Congo
594
Burma
186
Germany (Demo-
5945
South Africa
1689
Yemen (North)
580
Central African
182
cratic Republic)
Costa Rica
1684
China (Mainland)
573
Republic
New Zealand
5834
Panama
1679
Egypt
573
Niger
145
Czechoslovakia
5540
Jamaica
1602
Swaziland
558
Upper Volta
144
United Kingdom
5323
Fiji
1547
Angola
556
Burundi
143
Italy
5308
Algeria
1482
Honduras
540
Zaire
143
Israel
4907
Cuba
1406
Liberia
526
Ethiopia
129
USSR
4822
Malaysia
1354
Zimbabwe
509
Kampuchea
125
Singapore
4578
Tunisia
1206
(Rhodesia)
Bangladesh
123
Bahamas
4534
Peru
11%
Cameroon
502
Nepal
121
Romania
4015
Iran
1127
Ghana
501
Vietnam
112
Hong Kong
3822
Korea (South)
1067
Lebanon
462
Somalia
111
Puerto Rico,
3779
Guatemala
1066
Zambia
455
Mali
99
at al.
Dominican
1066
Yemen (South)
420
Chad
97
Gabon
3770
Republic
Indonesia
417
Laos
97
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 7 (continued)
Population
(thousands)
China
1032064
Sudan
18672
Mali
6641
Uruguay
2928
(Mainland)
Tanzania
17907
Angola
6616
Albania
2684
India
680059
China (Taiwan)
17806
Tunisia
6472
Togo
2600
USSR
265500
Peru
17614
Switzerland
6324
Central Afri-
2475
United States
227640
Germany
16750
Malawi
6040
can Republic
Indonesia
151197
(Democratic
Zambia
5832
Nicaragua
2410
Brazil
121650
Republic)
Haiti
5808
Singapore
2387
Japan
117025
Kenya
15942
Kampuchea
5767
Jamaica
2266
Bangladesh
90489
Czechoslo-
15337
Dominican
5691
Costa Rica
2218
Pakistan
86473
vakia
Republic
Panama
1912
Nigeria
77091
Afghanistan
15030
Senegal
5664
Yemen
1910
Mexico
67499
Venezuela
15023
Niger
5504
(South)
Germany
61294
Nepal
14896
Guinea
5426
Liberia
1848
(Federal
SriLanka
14845
Bolivia
5355
Mongolia
1693
Republic)
Australia
14556
Yemen
5222
Congo
1546
Italy
57170
Netherlands
14106
(North)
Mauritania
1500
United
55898
Malaysia
14007
Denmark
5137
Kuwait
1357
Kingdom
Uganda
13692
Rwanda
5100
Lesotho
1336
France
53602
Iraq
13357
Hong Kong
5020
Trinidad and
1161
Vietnam
53325
Ghana
12133
El Salvador
4782
Tobago
Philippines
48274
Chile
11014
Finland
4772
Mauritius
950
Thailand
47419
Hungary
10743
Chad
4627
United Arab
920
Turkey
45702
Mozambique
10314
Burundi
4418
Emirates
Egypt
42042
Cuba
9942
Norway
4090
Guyana
840
Korea (South)
39774
Portugal
9934
Israel
3870
Botswana
790
Iran
38718
Belgium
9860
Honduras
3765
Gabon
655
Spain
37500
Greece
9490
Somalia
3552
Fiji
629
Poland
35560
Bulgaria
8870
Laos
3480
Cyprus
622
Burma
34412
Syria
8675
Benin
3478
Gambia, The
601
Ethiopia
32586
Madagascar
8563
Puerto Rico,
3460
Swaziland
549
Zaire
28917
Cameroon
8332
et al.
Suriname
407
South Africa
28391
Sweden
8312
Sierra Leone
3432
Bahrain
381
Argentina
27645
Ivory Coast
8028
Ireland
3409-
Luxembourg
358
Colombia
26754
Ecuador
8020
Jordan
3300
Malta
352
Canada
23989
Austria
7500
Paraguay
3252
Barbados
285
Yugoslavia
22374
Zimbabwe
7438
Papua New
3165
Bahamas
242
Romania
22240
(Rhodesia)
Guinea
Iceland
228
Morocco
20967
Guatemala
7058
New Zealand
3120
Qatar
220
Korea (North)
19318
Saudi Arabia
7000
Lebanon
3020
Belize
156
Algeria
18829
Upper Volta
6815
Libya
2993
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 8
Ranking by Average Annual Rate of Growth, 1971-80
Saudi Arabia
21.5
Iceland
4.9
Netherlands
2.9
Iraq
13.9
Japan
4.8
Yemen (South)
2.9
Gabon
13.4
Papua New Guinea
4.8
United States
2.9
Indonesia
12.9
Lesotho
4.8
Bangladesh
2.9
Libya
11.2
Burma
4.7
Nepal
2.8
Nigeria
11.0
Greece
4.6
Germany (Federal Republic)
2.8
Qatar
10.9
Norway
4.6
India
2.8
Kuwait
10.2
Portugal
4.6
Hungary
2.7
Botswana
10.2
Egypt
4.5
El Salvador
2.7
Singapore
9.0
Pakistan
4.5
Czechoslovakia
2.7
Ecuador
8.9
Rwanda
4.5
Luxembourg
2.6
Brazil
8.8
Gambia, The
4.4
Nicaragua
2.6
United Arab Emirates
8.8
Bahrain
4.4
Chile
2.6
Tunisia
8.6
Cameroon
4.4
Congo
2.6
Malta
8.6
Bolivia
4.3
Liberia
2.6
China (Taiwan)
8.5
Morocco
4.3
Argentina
2.5
Syria
8.3
Trinidad and Tobago
4.3
Ethiopia
2.5
Korea (South)
8.2
Honduras
4.2
Central African Republic
2.4
Jordan
8.0
Sri Lanka
4.1
Denmark
2.4
Hong Kong
7.9
Mongolia
4.1
Afghanistan
2.4
Malawi
7.8
Canada
4.0
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
2.3
Paraguay
7.7
Haiti
4.0
Uruguay
2.2
Algeria
7.6
Cyprus
3.9
Guyana
2.0
Venezuela
7.3
Austria
3.9
Suriname
2.0
Malaysia
7.3
Albania
3.9
United Kingdom
1.8
Dominican Republic
7.1
Poland
3.9
Barbados
1.7
Thailand
7.1
Tanzania
3.8
Sweden
1.7
Yemen (North)
6.9
Ireland
3.8
Sierra Leone
1.2
China (Mainland)
6.6
South Africa
3.7
Switzerland
1.1
Philippines
6.4
Peru
3.6
New Zealand
.8
Romania
6.4
Upper Volta
3.6
Zaire
.6
Korea (North)
6.3
Kenya
3.6
Madagascar
.4
Colombia
6.3
France
3.5
Bahamas
.3
Guatemala
6.2
Spain
3.4
Laos
.3
Ivory Coast
6.2
Burundi
3.4
Guinea
.2
Iran
6.1
Togo
3.4
Somalia
.1
Mauritius
6.0
Bulgaria
3.4
Ghana
.1
Yugoslavia
5.7
Puerto Rico, et al.
3.4
Uganda
-.1
Mexico
5.6
Niger
3.4
Zambia
-.1
Costa Rica
5.6
Finland
3.3
Angola
-.2
Belize
5.5
Australia
3.3
Mozambique
-1.2
Turkey
5.5
Sudan
3.2
Jamaica
-1.3
Israel
5.4
Italy
3.2
Senegal
-1.4
Swaziland
5.2
Belgium
3.1
Chad
-1.5
Fiji
5.0
Mauritania
3.1
Lebanon
-2.5
Mali
5.0
USSR
3.1
Kampuchea
-4.1
Benin
5.0
Germany (Democratic Republic)
3.0
Vietnam
-4.8
Panama
4.9
Cuba
3.0
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Appendix Table 9
Effect of Including Third World Supplements in Major Aggregates in the Planetary Product, Selected Years,
1950-80
Non-Communist
countries
Communist
countries
Developed countries
Non-Communist
countries
Communist
countries
Less-developed
countries
By political
alignment:
Non-Commu-
nist countries
Communist
countries
$1,123-$2,244
$562-$1,122
$561 or less b
Memorandum: $561 or
less, excluding China
(Mainland)
Without
Supplements
With
Supplements
Percent
Increase
2,171,768
2,364,386
8.9
567,783
575,141
1.3
2,355,407
2,355,407
0.0
1,884,598
1,884,598
0.0
470,809
470,809
0.0
384,144
584,120
52.1
287,170
479,787
67.1
96,974
104,332
7.6
142,354
185,060
30.0
51,486
82,377
60.0
190,304
316,682
66.4
105,315
231,693
120.0
a Based on 1979 per-capita product (without supplement) expressed
in 1980 US dollars.
b The supplement applied to national product of all countries except
China (Mainland) in this group is 120 percent; the smaller
differential between the "without" and "with" supplement values in
the table reflects the large and growing weight of China's product in
this group total.
Without
Supplements
With
Supplements
Percent
Increase
3,358,933
3,651,784
8.7
1,012,915
1,026,526
1.3
3,722,902
3,722,902
0.0
2,903,260
2,903,260
0.0
819,642
819,642
0.0
648,946
955,409
47.2
455,673
748,524
64.3
193,273
206,885
7.0
237,609
308,892
30.0
84,651
135,442
60.0
326,686
511,075
56.4
153,658
338,047
120.0
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Without With Percent
Supplements Supplements Increase
Without
With
Percent
Supplements
Supplements
Increase
6,058,881
6,058,881
0.0
8,475,592
8,475,592
0.0
4,748,068
4,748,068
0.0
6,655,228
6,655,228
0.0
419,110
544,843
30.0
763,337
992,338
30.0
143,327
229,323
60.0
275,486
440,777
60.0
551,710
840,204
52.3
941,070
1,360,371
44.6
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4
Approved For Release 2009/04/20: CIA-RDP84T00896R000200560002-4