RUSSIAN INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA UNDERSCORES NEED FOR A SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE NATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190044-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 10, 2006
• Sequence Number: 44
• Publication Date: September 11, 1968
• Content Type: OPEN

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September 11, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Admiral Moorer has authorized me to
say to this Committee that he fully and
strongly supports the need for the ad-
ditional funds for antisubmarine war-
fare research which I am requesting in
my amendment, the justification for
which was fully testified to before the
House Committee on Armed Services by
Assistant Navy Secretary Robert Frosch
and Vice Adm. Turner Caldwell, on
June 19 of this year.
Admiral Moorer fully supports my
contention here today that this research
effort is most urgently needed from a
military point of view, to enable us to
develop the improved defenses vitally
needed to counteract what has been a
dramatically increased Soviet threat in
the field of submarine warfare.
So I do hope that the chairman of the
Appropriations Committee and that this
Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union will support my
amendment when it is offered tomorrow.
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I yield
10 minutes to the gentleman from Cali-
fornia [Mr. COHELANI.
(Mr. COHELAN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Chairman, it is
somewhat frustrating to undertake once
again the arguments on the deployment
of the Sentinel ABM which were ad-
vanced in the consideration of the mili-
tary construction bill, but this will be my
intention. At the appropriate time I will
offer amendments en bloc to delete $387
million, which would defer the deploy-
ment of the antiballistic missile system.
Now, it is with great care that I have
come to this conclusion. It is upon a re-
examination of the facts. Even though
I argued this same question just a month
ago in respect to the military construc-
tion bill, the Soviet's invasion and occu-
pation of Czechoslovakia has caused me
to review my thinking. But after all this
serious review I come before you today
making precisely the same argument
simply because the issue remains the
same. The events of the last month in
Czechoslovakia have not altered the re-
ality that the Sentinel is an unnecessary
expenditure of billions of dollars.
The argument which we advanced
when, we were discussing the military
construction bill continues, to be valid
in respect to the anti=ballistic. missile
system. The Sentinel, ABM will do- noth-
Ing to add to our defense. As I say, at the
appropriate time we will ask that it be
limited.
I am going to take the time I have
available to me as a member of the com-
mittee to review some of the arguments.
I will submit information for the RECORD.
I regret that many of us do not have
the time to get into this subject in great
detail. I do not want to sound pompous
or qualified as a super-expert, but I will
remind my distinguished colleagues that
I have been living with this problem for
a long time, formerly as a member of the
Armed Services Committee and now as
a member of the Appropriation Com-
mittee. I have been studying it in con-
nection with arms-control and disarma-
ment matters for many years now, so I
am not a stranger to the subject matter.
I am quite aware that the authorities
are divided, but the Opinions are hon-
estly and very deeply held on both sides
of the question.
In the first place, the conclusions that
I have come to with many of our col-
leagues in this body and many of our
distinguished colleagues in the other
body are based on five very important
A limited ABM deployment will prob-
ably not save American lives In the case
of a Soviet attack. of a nuclear exchange more damage will
?
An ABM deployment this year is not
necessary to our security against China.
An ABM deployment threatens to es-
calate the arms race.
An ABM deployment- is enormously
costly, especially at this time.
Furthermore, it may be obsolete or in-
effective even ,~efore it is operational.
Now, Mr. Chairman, these are striking
facts, but t4; y are all ones which we be-
H 8531
In the time that I have available to
me today, however, I would like to re-
view what was essentially my summary
at the time when we were arguing the
military construction bill.
In responding to any threat I think
it must be clear to us in the strategic
planning involved that the Soviets will
have to plan for the worst plausible case.
They will therefore response to our ABM
by building more offsetting offensive
capability than they need. In the event
be caused to the United States than if
we never had deployed an ABM missile.
It simply means that limited ABM de-
ployment could actually cost more Amer-
ican lives rather than save them.
The simple fact is that the Soviet
Union cannot allow us, as Secretary
of Defense McNamara has repeatedly
pointed out, to take away their assured
destruction capability. They have the re-
sources and capability to respond to new
weapons deployed by the United States,
as everyone it this Chamber would agree..
And it is my opinion that our Sentinel
will encourage them to build weapons to
offset it. So we and they are faced with
the prospect of multibillion dollar ex-
penditures which will not add to the
safety of either nation.
It seems to me this was the basis of the
recent willingness of the Soviets to con-
duct talks and discussions on arms lim-
from Illinois"EMr. YATES], members of
the committee, at the time of the argu-
ment on the military._ construction bill,
we advanced these vierovs.._On July 25,
1968, in an effort to try to provide back-,
up arguments in support of our position
to delete the ABM deployment moneys-
as opposed to research and developme1 is
moneys-we not only submitted for the
record copies of our own views, but we
put in the famous San Francisco speech
of the distinguished Secretary of De-
fense, Robert McNamara, in which he
discussed the ABM system in great de-
tail.
I add to that material now by calling
attention to the fact that in November
of last year the Department of Defense
put out a news release on the question
of the ABM system. At the appropriate
time I will put this in the RECORD. This
release notes that this is a Chinese-ori-
ented ABM system. It goes on to say fur-
ther that the cost involved will be in the
neighborhood of $5 billion for the pro-
duction and deployment of missiles.
And this does not include operating
costs, which will be about $500 million
that 'bur response to the Soviet ABM de-
ploymeelt should be to expand our offen-
sive caps bility, and this we have done.
The Soviets will then be interested In the
ABM for xio other reason than to pre-
clude further increases in our offensive
weapons. is logic, too, still holds.
Mr. Cha rman, it seems to me the
strength of ,our bargaining position with
the Soviets'lies in our determination to
maintain ojir assured destruction capa-
bility through increased offensive
forces-not only at our present level but
to improve upon that capability to the
extent t at we maintain our present rel-
ative po ture.
Mr. hairman, one thing which we dis-
vWNow, the fact of the matter is in ear- that` the Chinese would conduct long-
lier arguments we have made on this nge missile tests by the end of 1967.
it has been admitted by proponents oI
the system-that ultimately this system
will cost something in excess of $40 bil-
lion assuming that they were to carry
the system out to its logical conclusion.
This is an enormous sum, and a truly
extravagant expense when it is consid-
ered that it buys us no more safety.
At the time when we presented mate-
rials for the record we produced what
we hoped would be read very carefully-
the Adelphi papers, "The Case Against
Missile Defenses," by the distinguished
scholar, Jeremy J. Stone, materials from
the Foreign Affairs magazine on "The
ABM Proliferation and International
Stability," by Robert L. Rothstein, and
other similar articles presenting very
powerful arguments against the deploy-
ment of the ABM system. I again com-
mend these materials to the attention
of my colleagues.
.13Uii Tins seems w Illal+ler uILle, iU1 411e
Sentinel being aimed at the Soviets.
However, one must recall that former
Secretary of Defense McNamara made
it very clear when he stated that the
Sentinel was not to be an anti-Soviet
system. Sentinel will not work against
the Soviets, and it probably will not work
against the Chinese, because it is no
defense against multiple warheads, or-
biting bombs, sea-launched or low-tra-
jectory missiles, or missiles carrying ad-
vanced radar-interference devices.
The Sentinel is not necessary against
the Chinese and will not work against
the Soviets; therefore why should we
spend $5 billion for it?
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I had
promised to yield 5 minutes to the gen-
tleman from New York [Mr. Dow]. It
develops, however, that I have only 2
minutes left.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE September 11, 1968
Therefore, I would like to ask the dis-
tinguished gentleman from California
[Mr. LrrscoMSl if he would Join with me
in allocating this time to the gentleman
from New York by yielding 3 minutes to
him so the gentleman would have the
benefit of the full 5 minutes which I had
promised to yield to him.
Mr. LIPSCOMB. I shall be most
pleased to yield 3 minutes to the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. Dow].
Mr. MAHON. I am also pleased to yield
the remaining time on our side of the
aisle to the gentleman from New York.
The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from
New York [Mr. Dow] is recognized for
5 minutes.
(Mr. DOW asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DOW. Mr. Chairman, I should like
to thank both the distinguished gentle-
man from Texas and the gentleman
from California for accommodating me
with these extra minutes.
Mr. Chairman, implicit in the total
expense figure contained in today's De-
fense appropriation bill are the costs of
the conflict in Vietnam. The Defense
Department estimates that the Vietnam
costs are $25,784 million In fiscal 1969.
This is 34 percent of the $72,240 million
total of the bill. Some of us will offer an
amendment to reduce the total of the
bill, not by 34 percent, but only a small
fraction of that. We do not want to be
extreme. We want to make the point
that the only direction which American
policy can properly follow is one of re-
ducing the level of the Vietnam hostili-
ties. An 81/2-percent reduction of the
total Defense budget would accord with
widely accepted estimates by the Con-
gressional Quarterly Issue of June 28,
1968, that essentially this amount could
be cut from the Defense budget without
affecting any vital part of the program.
A good many of our leaders have been
charmed of late by the Incantation that
Vietnam must not be debated while the
talks are continuing in Paris. Well, I
am thankful, Mr. Chairman, that not
all of our leaders have succumbed. If
ever our Nation needed debate on an
issue, It is now. We only have the chance
for great debate once in 4 years. The
.democratic process will fail us if the
debate on Vietnam Is not held in this
presidential year.
For those of us who have from the
beginning opposed the American in-
volvement in Vietnam, the chance to ex-
press our view is only meaningful on the
few occasions when these appropriation
bills come before this body. The parlia-
mentary situation here has never been
such that we could have a full-scale de-
bate on Vietnam. Special orders are a
pretty feeble forum for the purpose. It
is only here when we can offer an
amendment that there Is a chance for a
fraction of the debate that ought to be
taking place.
The prime quality of statesmanship is
the ability to weigh the Imponderables in
a national or International situation.
Statesmen are placed on the pedestal
and crowned with laurel not because they
can prove by numbers, or logic, or meas-
urement, or mechanics, or by words, the
answer to a problem in statecraft. Lesser
men can find the answers to the demon-
strable problems. But the responsibility
of statesmanship Is to weigh the un-
measurable, to compare the incompara-
ble, to value the dimensions and quali-
ties of matters intangible and beyond the
span of any calipers which men have yet
devised.
Vietnam is a compound of such elusive
problems. Here diverse matters are found
that are remote from American experi-
ence, to say nothing of geography, eco-
nomic factors, military considerations,
psychological Influences, monetary con-
siderations, and military strategy. Only
statesmanship of a supreme sort, able to
make the value judgments about all of
these complex factors in relation to one
another, can resolve the problem for us.
On the other hand, our tragic involve-
ment in Vietnam and the loss of thou-
sands of our best young men can be laid
to viewpoints that enlarge trivial and
minor factors, while overlooking the
enormous ones overriding in the situa-
tion.
Just for example, the U.S. Government
has for years laid great stress on "ag-
gression from the north" as a matter of
monstrous concern and a justification for
all the vast outpouring of our resources.
Yet, It is doubtful whether the infiltra-
tion of men from North Vietnam into
South Vietnam at the outset of the hos-
tilities was aggression In the frame of the
definition appearing in article 51 of the
United Nations Charter; namely, "armed
attack." it is doubtful that the aggres-
sion was even apparent to normal view-
ers. It was necessary that a book be
written by our State Department so as to
highlight the Infiltration as "aggression."
At the very time that infiltration from
North Vietnam was occurring In the
early 1960's, the United States was send-
ing its soldiers into South Vietnam, in
numbers far exceeding the limitation of
685 stipulated for us In the Geneva Con-
vention. Moreover, the State Department
book indicates that at leas:. half of the
infiltrators were born in South Vietnam.
What a curious rationalization it is that
our men could come 10,000 miles to Viet-
nam, charging aggression against men
who were born there.
I cite all this, Mr. Chairman, not so
much to debate the Issue. as to indicate
the distortion of our value Judgments
about a secondary matter that we
dredged tip to justify the enormous in-
fiication of war and destruction upon
a little people far away. These are a
people who have been struggling for
years to free themselves from foreign
domination. Millions of them have been
driven into refugee camps, their villages
have been destroyed by American artil-
lery and warplanes in the free fire zones.
Their little children, and I have seen
them, have been torn and burned by our
bombardments. All of this is transpir-
ing, Mr. Chairman, In an age when the
nations neighboring to Vietnan. did suc-
ceed in securing their freedom from
Western domination. For that Is true of
India, of Pakistan. of Malaysia, of In-
donesia, of the Philippines, and I expect
there are others.
Only Vietnam has been subjected to
the steel and the flame because our
statesmen have failed to judge properly,
to weigh properly, to relate properly,
such facts as the alleged "aggression
from the North" and the level. of response
It should entail.
Accordingly, Mr. Chairman, the an-
nual occasion recurs when we call for a
halt to this mistake by an amendment
to the defense bill aimed at elimL-rating
some portion of the $25.7 billion that
is being squandered annually in Viet-
nam.
Mr. MAHON Mr. Chairman, I ask that
the Clerk read.
The CHAIRMAN. There being no
further requests for time, the Cle. k will
read.
The Clerk read as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United Stetes of
America In Cong-ess assembled, That the fol-
lowing sums aro3 appropriated, out of any
money In the Treasury not otherwise appro-
priated, for the fiscal year er.ding June 30,
1969, for military functions administered by
the Department of Defense, and for other
purpose3, namei?T-
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I move
that the Committee do now use.
The motion was agreed to.
Acoo_-dingly the Committee rose; and
the Speaker having resumed the chair,
Mr. R.osTENxowsrc1, Chairman of the
Committee of the Whole House on the
State cf the Union, reported that that
Committee, having had under considera
tion the bill (H.R. 18707) making appro-
priations for tl-e Department of Defense
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969,
and for other purposes, had come to no
resolution thereon.
PERMISSION TO EXTEND REMARKS
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
who have spoken on the Department of
Defense appropriation bill today may
have permission to revise and extend
their remarks in the body of the RECORD,
and include pertinent additional mate-
rial.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
There was no objection.
RUSSIAN INVASION OF HOSQi-
V.6XIA UNDERSCORES NEED F-OR A
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE
NATIONS
(Mr. FLOOD asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, one of the
few national organizations that predicted
the Russian Invasion of Czechoslovakia
is the National Captive Nations Commit-
tee in Washington, D.C. Over WFAN-TV
last Julie, on the Georgetown University
TV-Radio Forum In July during Captive
Nations Week, and over both WINZ and
WKAT-CBS in Miami at the beginning
of August, its national chairman, Dr.
Lev. E. Dobriarisky of Georgetown Uni-
versity, firmly maintained that colonial-
ist Moscow could never afford the de-
mocratization of Czechoslovakia because
it would be the beginning of the end of
its own substrate empire in the U.S.S.R.
The spillover into captive Ukraine would
be disa-strous. The National Captive Na-
tions Committee has consistently held
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_$ exnber 11, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
that the real enemy of all the captive na-
tions and that of the free world is Soviet
Russian imperio-colonialism. As in Hun-
gary and other cases before, Moscow's
action in Czechoslovakia fully confirms
the position and shows up the falsity of
contrary positions.
NCNC has also been the chief advocate
of a necessary Special House Committee
on the Captive Nations. The Czechoslo-
vak episode in Soviet Russian imperio-
colonialism clearly underscores the need
for such a committee. In the next Con-
gress, I shall see that this will become one
of the first orders of business. We have
wasted more than enough time by not
establishing this committee to concen-
trate on such developments as have en-
veloped in Czechoslovakia.
In the light of the Russian rape of
Czechoslovakia, the events of the 10th
observance of captive nations this past
July have assumed even greater signifi-
cance. Exemplary results of this observ-
ance continue to flow in, as the follow-
ing interesting examples show: First, a
proclamation by Mayor Sam Yorty of
Los Angeles and its board of supervisors,
along with a declaration of the American
Committee of California for Freedom En-
slaved Nations; second, a program of the
week in St. Louis, Mo., and a release by
the Free Friends of the Captive Nations;
third, three penetrating articles dealing
with the week by Father Cletus Healy,
Robert Morris, and Dr. Jose Ma. Hernan-
dez; fourth, the program, resolutions,
and an address at the Philadelphia Cap-
tive-Nations Week observance on Inde-
pendence Mall; and fifth, a news release
by the Ukrainian Congress Committee of
America based on a letter from Dr. Lev
E. Dobriansky to Secretary of State Dean
Rusk condemning the Russian rape of
Czechoslovakia :
PROCLAMATION
Whereas, the continued enslavement of i)
large part of the world's population by Rus-
sia affronts the Free World concept of indi-
vidual liberty and human dignity; and
Whereas, the annual observace of Captive
Nations Week calls attention to the plight
of millions of unwilling captives of Commu-
nism in Eastern Europe; and
Whereas, as members of the Free World we
deplore the conditions of tyranny and injus-
tice existing behind the Iron Curtain and
cherish the hope that all peoples the world
over may one day`live in peace and freedom;
Now, therefore, I, Sam Yorty, Mayor of
the City of Los Angeles, do hereby proclaim
the week beginning July 14, 1968, through
July 21, 1968, as "Captive Nations Week" in
Los Angeles and urge all citizens to join in
its observance and to support the efforts to
bring the light of liberty shining through
the darkness of the totalitarian enslaved-na-
tions of Eastern Europe.
SAM YORTY, _
Mayor.
On motion of Supervisor Debs and Super-
visor Debs for Supervisor Bonelli, unani-
mously carried, the Board of Supervisors of
the County of Los Angeles hereby proclaims
the period of July 14 to 21, 1968 as "Captive
Nations Week" in the County of Los Angeles
and hereby urges all citizens to keep alive
in their hearts freedom for all mankind In
this troubled world.
STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
County of Los Angeles, ss.
I, James S. Mize, Clerk of the Board of
Supervisors of the County of Los Angeles,
and ex officio clerk of the governing body
of all other special assessment and taxing dis-
H 8533
tricts for which said Board so acts, do 1 ere- Recognizing the need of reminding the
by certify that the foregoing is a full, true population that there are many nations
and correct copy of the Original Minutes of throughout the world which have been made
Board Order No. 128 adopted on July 9, 1968
by the Board of Supervisors of the County
of Los Angeles, and ex officio the governing
body of all other special assessment and tax-
ing districts for which said Board so acts.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my
hand and affixed the seal of the County of
Los Angeles this 10th day of July 1968.
JAMES S. MIZE,
Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of the
County of Los Angeles.
DECLARATION
The United States of America, the might-
iest world power in the Twentieth Century,
was built by the collective effort of pioneers
and immigrants representing multi-varied
cultural and historical heritages. From the
earliest days, Americans of European ancestry
have contriputed substantially to the growth
of the imposing edifice of American civiliza-
tion. W9 would like to see their contribution
more ;filly recognized. Today many millions
of At iericans adhering to traditions of West-
ern - Civilization consider it their patriotic
d y to fully participate, with Americans of
o her ethnic backgrounds, in furthering the
development of our common American herit-
(age at all levels of federal, state and local
government.
The Committee of Americans from Captive
Nations has been formed to represent here
over 23 million emigrants and descendants
of emigrants from East European nations
now In the United States of America and
more than 120 million of their brethren re-
siding In these -countries.
We feel that- tl;e political and cultural
aspirations of these-tlations are in close
agreement with the vitartBterests of Ameri-
can Democracy, as attested %Qby the many
contributions to the growth American
civilization made by the emigraof these
nations and their descendants.
It is for these reasons that we ea' s2estly
desire that our position be considered in
captive by the imperialistic and aggressive
policies of Soviet Communism, the Congress
of the United States in a joint resolution
approved, authorized and requested the
President to issue a proclamation designat-
ing the third week in July, 1959, as "Captive
Nations Week," and to issue a similar procla-
mation each year until such time when
freedom and independence shall have been
achieved for all the captive nations of the
world.
"I invite the people of the United States
of America to observe such week with ap-
propriate ceremonies and activities, and I
urge them to study the plight of the Soviet-
dominated nations and to recommit them-
selves to the support of the just aspirations
of the peoples of those captive nations."-
said then President Eisenhower.
Today's crucial issues, from Viet Nam to
Hong Kong and the Mid-East situation adds
an important dimension to the observance
of this year's Captive Nations Week.
SEQUENCE OF THE PROCESSION
1. Police Escort.
2. American Flag,
Free Friends of the
two abreast.
leading eight massed
Captive Nations flags,
3. American Legion Color Guard.
4. Banner: "Captive Nations Week-etc."
S. Two Drummers.
6. Wreath with one or two costumed car-
riers.
7. Coffin carried by six men, followed by
alternates and flanked by signs; "Victims
etc."
8. Individual Captive Nations flags fol-
lowed by exiles from Communism, Jour
abreast with lighted candles. -
9. Banner: "We Are the Free Friends of
the Captive Nations-etc."
10. Individual, native-born Americans and
groups with identifying signs, four abreast
with lighted candles.
11. Banner: "Remember the Peoples-etc."
12. Autos, single file, light on.
13. Sign: "End of the-etc."
tive Nations. The main issues are as follows:\ A STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE FREE FRIENDS OF
1. There shall be self-determination -'. THE CAPTIVE NATIONS
through free elections by all subjugated na- ` The armed takeover of Czechoslovakia is
tions and territories. other tragic example of the complete con-
be t. The liberated Captive either nations at present cannot trot, that international Communism, head-
rising; war or a national up- in Moscow, exerts over the rising; therefore, we call upon all represents- quartered
cap-
ountries. Even the slightest deviation
tives to more effectively pursue the peaceful from the strict communist discipline cannot
liberation from Communist domination, be tolerated; the communists gain power by
3. It is requested that the United States
encourage infiltration and subversion, and maintain
and aid these subject nations in
the realization of their goal of self-determi- power through brute force.
We invite all who are concerned to join
ation since they are our greatest potential with us in a dawn to dusk fast and a day of
n
alli.
4. As American voters, our support of any prayer: on Sunday, September 1st. We will
party platform or candidate will be affected pray for the enslaved people of Czechoslo-
by their position on these issues. vakia, who will surely be subjected to further
WOLODYMYR Issues.
R SIYUK, murders and imprisonment, and we will pray
President. for all of the captive peoples of Eastern Eu-
rope. Asia, and Cuba who are forced to live
COMMEMORATIVE WORSHIP SERVICE OF THE under the terror and tyranny - of atheistic
FREE FRIENDS OF THE CAPTIVE NATIONS, ST Communism.
also LOUIS BASILICA, JULY 15, 1968 /We will also pray that our leaders will be
More than a billion human beings-one-,;-enlightened as the the true nature of Com-
third of the world's population-are e . munism, and that they will re-evaluate our
slaved by the tyranny of Communism. This isi policy v nmens bridges" the co been
fact represents a n governmentts-bridges that have b been
potent force who can be- used exclusively as a conduit for subjugation
come the free world's most reliable allies, of the people, including the use of armed
And these allies, it should be noted, are not might when necessary to stifle the yearning
dependent upon foreign aid or any give- for freedom.
away programs. It is also important to note _
that the stronger the hope and urge of the SOME THOUGHTS ON CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
captives for therr, freedom and independ
ence, the weaker the threatening position of (By Cletus Healy, S.J.)
the Soviets and consequently the more se- Once again the third week in July, July 14
cure is the status of the free world. to 21, has been designated Captive Nations
Any effort by the free world to help na- Week. To Americans who want to atone for
tions seeking to regain or preserve their in- the post-war forfeiture of Eastern Europe
alienable right of self-determination is in- and China to the Communists it represents
stantly met by shrill denunciations and an opportunity.
charges of "interference" by the Communist This year, above all, America needs to be re-
camp. minded of the moral basis of her greatness.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 11--1-9168
We need the inspiration and the encourage-
ment that comes from a rededication of our-
selves to those Christian principles that
made our nation revered as the defender of
liberty and of the noble cause of freedom.
The only sufficient justication for Amer-
ica's involvement in two world wars is the
fact that she was morally obliged to come
to the defense of the threatened and the op-
pressed. With the advent of the 20th century,
the world reached that stage of social, eco-
nomic, and political maturity that any na-
tion capable of doing so incurred the respon-
sibility of resisting large-scale International
injustice.
Among the national "goods" warranting
vigorous defense, Pope Pius XII singled out
especially the right of a nation to govern it-
self. That is why we were right in forcibly re-
sisting Hitler when he took over Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Hungary. And
that is why we were wrong when we allowed
Stalin to take over Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Rumania, and Hungary-after we fought to
take them away from Hitler. That is why we
are right 25 years later in resisting slightly
camouflaged aggression in South Vietnam to-
day. That is why other nations are pseudo-
Christian when they fail to mount a vigorous
offensive against such 'mammoth Interns-
tional injustice themselves.
All crave peace, but not all are willing to
pay the high price of peace. Peace is the work
of justice. It is the prize of those who are
willing to work for it, not of the craven paci-
fist. Forcible resistance to Injustice saved
the world from Hitler, but supine tolerance
and rampant self-deception later surrendered
one-third of the world to totalitarian Com-
munism.
Surrender to Communism in neither intel-
ligent polities nor is It Christian morality.
In his 1948 Christmas address, Pope Pius XII
pointed out the principles that should guide
us:
"No nation should tolerate mammoth in-
justices if it would think and act as a
Christian nation. All the more does the
solidarity of peoples forbid others to act as
mere spectators in an attitude of apathetic
neutrality."
These are the principles that should
dominate our thinking. The best way to
atone to the people we have surrendered to
Communism is to resist their oppressors
where resistance is most urgently called for.
That means we must do all we can to
prevent the surrender of another nation to
their oppressive yoke.
For this, politics is Important; but politics
is not our most important weapon. We need
to spice the sacrifices of politics with the
power of prayer. Prayer for the abandoned
captive peoples is the major preoccupation
of the League of Prayer for the captive Peo-
ples. Membership in the League requires
merely that you offer one Mass and Commun-
ion a month for the captive people--a peo-
ple who must hang on their Cross of oppres-
sion without the opportunity of participat-
ing in the Holy Sacrifice of the Cross, and
who must climb the high mountain of
sanctity without the nourishment that
comes from the Bread of Angels.
For more information on the League, write
to its Secretary. Mrs. Joseph Flynn, North
90, West 15992 Roosevelt Drive, Menomonee
Falls, Wisconsin.
CAIrrrvz NATIONS WEEK
(By Robert Morris)
For many years now the third week of July
has been designated "Captive Nations Week."
This Institution was Initiated by an act of
Congress and It Is Implemented, annually, by
a Presidential proclamation.
Of late, the implementation has been In-
creasingly diluted until now It is virtually
nonexistent. It is a sickening reflection of
the decline of the interest of American lead-
era for the plight of their brethren who are
In Communist bondage around the world.
The plight of the captive peoples, from
China to Stettin, is a strident moral issue.
Our churches, above all, should be in the
forefront of this very relevant concern.
Today we bear much of one civil right-
the right to be free from discrimination be-
cause of race. It Is good and necessary that
we should be concerned with this basic right.
For it is abhorrent that a child of God should
be slighted or impugned because of the acci-
dental color of his skin.
But the people in mainland China, In
Latvia. In the Ukraine, in the Kurlles, haven't
been denied one civil right. They have been
denied their rights In their entirety I
The right to vote, to select their leaders,
to freedom of speech, to freedom of press, to
privilege against self-Incrimination, to a
right to a trial by a jury of one's peers, to
peaceable assembly, to bear arms-these have
been suppressed totally. Moreover, there Is
hard and fast discrimination In the Soviet
orbit. It is severe In the Communist training
schools, it is rampant in the U.S.S.R. Yet this
is never mentioned by our leaders. While
Soviet agents sack the United States as a
well of racism-which It is not.
No one speaks out on this dreadful
anamoly. It is obvious that those who should
be asserting moral leadership are abdicating
their responsibility. Instead of speaking out
for the Immutable truths of God, of the
rights and wrongs of today's society and of
truth and justice, they are compromising in
order to get along with the forces of
mammon.
Churchmen should be moral leaders, not
conformists with an amorphous consensus
that is being eroded from within by enemies
who are dedicated to our destruction.
The situation is even worse than that, as
we pointed out in our recent column on the
resolutions of the World Council of Churches
at Uppsala. Sweden, wherein churchmen ac-
tually took their stand on the side of the
Chinese Communist Infidels.
As I write I, even if I am alone, am mindful
that it Is Captive Nations Week and I shall
try to do something to perpetuate this high
purpose. After all, we are dealing with one
billion of our brothers in the fraternity of
man. This is a burning issue.
[ From the WACL Bulletin, June 19681
THE VULNERABLE RUSSIANS
(By Lev. E. Dobriansky)
Men of today, and even the most reputedly
intellectual of them, have taken it for granted
that the Soviet Union is a monolithic empire
and that it Is as impregnable as a hermeti-
cally sealed bastion.
With a few bold and sharp blows Dr. Do-
brlansky smashes this myth of Russian mono-
lithic Inviolability. He presents facts and
figures, against which no argument to the
contrary Is possible, that the Russians, after
all, are not invulnerable and that, in the first
place there is no such thing as a Soviet
Union. It Is a vast charnel house where 112
million Russians hold in the hollow of one
hand the fate of 122 million Non-Russian
whites the "Captive Nations" groaning be-
neath the heel of the Soviet Communist
Party.
These hapless, helpless, but not hopeless
hostages to fortune are being denied the
basic and Irreducible rights of free men by
the heartless and inhuman masters of Iles,
deceit, intimidation, propaganda, and the
fete morgana peaceful co-existence.
The Free World, and notably the United
States of America. are now In a state of
mesmeric stupor by the Communist experts
of Soviet cold war strategy and tactics, In
order to drown the righteous cries and pro-
tests of the captive nations. This explains
why the Captive Nations Week Resolution
passed by the United States Congress in 1959
rocked th3 Soviet Empire to its foundations
and the tremors are still being felt up to this
hour. This Resolution was of such tran3cen-
dental importance not only to the captive
peoples under the yoke of Russian imperial-
ism but also to the whole human race which
must find in this great document the very
essence o1 freedom without which there can
be no peace on earth.
For Instance, ore of the most important
parts of the Resolution reads: that "the Im-
perialistic policies of Communist Russia have
led through direct and indirect aggression to
the subjugation of the national independence
of Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine,
Czechoslovakia, Lc.tvia, Estonla, White Ru-
thenia, Rumania, East Germany, Bulgaria,
mainland China, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Geor-
gia, North Korea, Albania, Idel-Ural, Tibet,
Cosackia, Turkestan, North Vietnam, and
others . .." It is q'Site clear that the Resolu-
tion is of tremendous significance in the his-
tory of man's struggle to be free from all
sorts of bondage.
Needless to say the Resolution and the
Proclamation that followed it lmmeddately
triggered a violent reaction in Communist
Russia. Kruschev went so far as to say, "The
only enslaved peoples are in the capitalistic
countries."
Dr. Dobrtansky deplores the fact that in
the United States there is a great deal of
misunderstanding born of naivete or rank
Ignorance of the real nature of the Russian
Empire. This Ignorance has led many Ameri-
cans Into a maze of tragic contradictions.
The call for peaceful co-existence by the
Russian Imperialists for example, has been
taken at Its face value without realizing that
in Communist semantics an Innocent-look-
ing flower really bides a serpent beneath It.
Many persons In the free world have jumped,
as a consequence, to the conclusion that So-
viet Russia means peace, that Soviet Russia's
magnificent obsession is to establish peace
all over the world.
Some influential Americans and well-
meaning Europeans have even gone to the
extent of believing that Russian communism
will eventually evolve Into a capitalistic
democracy because, of its apparent adoption
of some of the free world's democratic eco-
nomic and social measures. They point out
that "the Russian doubling of the house-
building rate, added investments in food pro-
duction, the reduction of hours of labor,
greater job mobil.ty, the Institution of in-
stallment credit, 8)me market determiratlon
of production, the profit motive, and In-
creases In pensions and peasant Incomes"
are sure Indications of the Soviet-Commu-
nists true spirit of reconciliation wit'i the
democracies and the principle of free enter-
prise.
The author says with regard to this: "The
bounds of human illusion are sometims in-
definable" The motivation behind all these
seemingly progressive and evolutionary eco-
nomic changes is still the acquisition of more
funds and resources to pursue Moscow's
world-wide cold war operations.
The thesis of the whole book ;s quite clear.
The free world and specially the United
States of America must see through the
make-believe front of Soviet Russia, must
get deeply involved In the cold war, and
beat Soviet Russia In her own game. The
"ersatz Russian image must be destroyed."
We must unmask the Russian bear and show
him In bas true colors. We must match his
propaganda with more effective weapons of
mass corr. municat_on.
Dobrlansky says, "On the information and
propaganda front, our policy should con-
cedtrate on the captive nations, specially
those in the USSR, the chief source of the
world's problem on peace or war.
After building up on his thesis that Soviet
Russia can be beaten at her own game,
Dobrians?ry who In the Chairmen of the Na-
tional Captive Nations Committee, outlines
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ptember 11, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
for America and the Free World what can be
done in this respect. He concludes:
"Subject to conditions, climate, and cir-
cumstances, these devices and their uses in-
clude the Kerstern freedom corps idea, a
Freedom Commission and Academy, a Special
Congressional Committee on the Captive Na-
tions, a revitalized Voice of America and a
Radio Liberation as propaganda media, aid
to underground resistance groups, a commu-
nications network ranging from secret print-
ing to space satellites, economic warfare,
diplomatic manipulations, the U.N. forum,
facilities of friendly and like-minded coun-
tries, subversion of Red control centers,
utilization of labor unions, churches, veteran
groups and other private channels, money
counterfeiting, bribery programs and so forth.
The devices are endless, and the enormous
difference between our use of them and the
enemy's use of some of them is that we could
enlist vastly more among the captives to
participate than he can among free men. Of
Incalculable advantage to us is the other
important dimension of the Cold War, namely
between the captive nations and the Red-
controlled state. Building the Johnsonian
bridges of understanding helps the state, not
the people or nation."
This monumental, well-documented book
will certainly make few eyebrows rise-that
is, if they have not been completely brow-
beaten by the Russian Communists.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK OBSERVANCE 10TH AN-
NIVERSARY HELD BY PHILADELPHIA CAPTIVE
NATIONS COMMITTEE, STJISDAY, JULY 21,
1968, INDEPENDENCE MALL
PROGRAM
1. National Anthem.
2. Invocation: Very Rev. John J. Falatek,
representing His Eminence John Cardinal
Krol.
3. Opening Remarks: Austin J. App, Ph.D.,
Chairman, Philadelphia Captive Nations
Committee.
4. Reading of President Lyndon B. John-
son's Proclamation: Enrique V. Menocal
Ph.D.
6. Reading of Governor Raymond P. Sha-
fer's Proclamation and Greetings: Hon.
Terim C. Hamilton, Member of the Cabinet.
6. Proclamation and Greetings: Hon.
James H. J. Tate, Mayor of Philadelphia.
7. Address: Hon. Richard S. Schweiker,
Member of the U.S. Congress.
8. Introduction of Guests of Honor and
Representatives of Nationalities: Mrs. Mar-
git Rohtla, Secretary, Philadelphia Captive
Nations Committee.
9. Introduction of Girls in national cos-
tumes, representing various captive nations:
Mrs. Ausra Zerr,
10. Statement of the United Organizations
of Women From Central and Eastern Europe:
Mrs. Stephanie Wochok.
11. Reading of Resolutions: Mr. Albert
Bagian, Treasurer, Philadelphia Captive Na-
tions Committee.
12. Benediction: Rev. Stacey D. Myers, Jr.,
representing Bishop Fred P. Corson of the
Philadelphia Methodist Churches.
Master of Ceremonies: Mr. Ignatius M. Bil-
linsky, Executive Vice Chairman, Philadel-
phia Captive Nations Committee.
GREATER PHILADELPHIA CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
RESOLUTIONS
(Approved by acclamation at the mass rally
on Independence Mall, July 21, 1968)
Whereas, This is the tenth anniversary
since Congress on July 17, 1959, requested the
President annually to proclaim the third
week of July Captive Nations Week "until
such time as freedom and independence shall
have been achieved for all captive nations of
the world"; and
Whereas, President Lyndon B. Johnson on
July 10 proclaimed July 21 27 Captive Na-
tions Week for 1968, and Governor Raymond
P. Shafer on July 11 for Pennsylvania, and
Mayor James H. J. Tate on July 12 for Phila-
delphia; and
Whereas, the U.S. is fighting a costly war to
prevent South Vietnam from becoming a
captive nation like the twenty-two enumer-
ated by Congress in 1959; and
Whereas, the U.S. intervened in both World
Wars in order to promote self-determination
and freedom; and
Whereas, this year marks the passage of 50
years since the conclusion of the First World
War, as result of which many nations, such
as: Armenia, Byelorussia, Cossackia, Estonia,
Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland,
Turkestan, Ukraine and others-gained free-
dom and national independence, but subse-
quently became victims of Soviet-Russian im-
perio-colonialism, having been forcibly de-
prived of the exercise of their sovereignty and
of basic political, religious, social, cultural
and economc rights and liberties-and sub-
jugated to continuous oppression and geno-
cide; and
Whereas, these nations together with arti-
ficially formed communist East Germany,
Yugoslavia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania,
Mainland China, North Korea, North Viet-
nam, Cuba-became the terrain for the
realization of the imperialistic plans of Mos-
cow and Peking; and
Whereas, peoples of these captive nations,
despite the terror forced upon them by the
communist rulers, continually strive to free
themselves from the yoke of Soviet-Russian
colonialism and communist oppression;
Now therefore, be it resolved by the Cap-
tive Nations Committee of Greater Philadel-
phia and this assemblage gathered at his-
torical Independence Mall this July 21, 1968,
That the U.S. similarly implement an un-
swerving policy of promoting the self-deter-
mination and independence of the captive
nations forced under communistic Russian
and Chinese colonialism since 1920, many of
whom have long proven their capacity for
self-government; and As chairman of the Greater Philadelphia
That the U.S. regard with benevolence and Captive Nations Committee I warmly wel-
judiciously support all honorable and realis- come all of you to our tenth Captive Nations
tic liberation movements, both within and Observance since Congress first requested it
without the Red bloc; and on July 17, 1959. Our committee is happy
That it replace the policy of coexistence to see so many of you, including so many of-
and containment, which immorally consigns ficials of various ethnic societies, here today
many nations to hopeless Soviet-Russian and in Philadelphia's Independence Mall, where
communistic Chinese colonialism, by the the captive colonies 192 years ago proclaimed
moral policy of seeking actively to roll back their independence from the British empire.
the Iron-Bamboo-and-Sugar Curtains; We who want the captive nations similar-
That it also recognize coexistence and con- ly freed from the far more oppressive Soviet
tainment as inexpedient and dangerous in Russian colonialism are grateful to Con-
that it leads to the continuous erosion of gress for requesting this annual observance,
the Free World until the alternative may to President Johnson for proclaiming this
well be total surrender, or total war-at a Captive Nations Week, and to Governor -
moment when the Red bloc is strongest and Shafer for issuing the Commonwealth proc-
the Free World weakest; and lamation acid honoring us with his repre-
That, to prevent this erosion of the area sentatives, the Honorable Terin C. Hamilton,
of freedom, the U.S. should pursue a deter- to read it. We are gratified that our own
mined policy by all moral, diplomatic, and Mayor Tate of Philadelphia, as last year and
economic means to bring about the dissolu- the years before, issued a proclamation and
tion of Red colonialism, especially the is here to greet us.
Soviet-Russian empire; and The purpose of Captive Nations Week is
That it restrict any trade, aid, and ex- to mobilize world opinion to demand free-
changes with the Red bloc which help the dom for both the satellite nations, like Hun-
puppet regimes more than the oppressed gary, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslova-
populations; and kia, Rumania, and Bulgaria, and also for the
That it entirely stop all shipments to the non-Russia nations within the USSR, like
Red bloc of such raw materials and machin- Estonia, Latvia, Luthuania, Ukraine, Arme-
ery which are known to be diverted to the nia, Cossackia, and others. Congress in 1959
support of the North Vietnamese aggression listed twenty-two satellite and captive na-
,and endanger, our armed forces; and tions, including North Korea and North
That, if the peace talks in Paris do not Vietnam, as enslaved by "Communist im-
soon become constructive, the U.S. should perialism." Now also Cuba is one of them,
give Hanoi the alternative of withdrawing and American boys are dying every day to
from South Vietnam or suffer a liberating keep South Vietnam free!
invasion calculated to free the North Viet- We and all Americans who observe Cap-
namese people and reunite all Vietnam on tive National Week, to quote former Presi-
the basis of self-determination; and dent Eisenhower in his first proclamation of
That it will not let the peace talks in 1959, want "freedom and independence .
Paris become a shield for North Vietnamese for all the captive nations of the world." But
build-up and increasing attacks and restrain since 1918 and 1945, happily, Western col-
us from effective counter-measures; and onialisxn has practically disappeared. Ire-
That the governmental and popular wish land and India, the Philippines and Morocco
for peace, almost at any price, must on no are free, Britain and France, Belgium and
account seduce us into betraying the people Holland have liberated their colonies. Aus-
H 8535
of South Vietnam or of West Berlin, or of
any of Our allies anywhere; and
That the U.S. should beware of special
treaties with Soviet Russia, like the pro-
posed nuclear non-proliferation treaty,
which appear to make the U.S. a partner and
supporter of the Soviet-Russian empire; and
That the United Nations put on the
agenda, of its General Assembly the problem
of captive nations and investigate their
plight under communist yoke; and
That, finally, to give more voice to the
American commitment to the eventual in-
dependence of the captive nations the House
of Representatives should establish a Special
,Committee on the Captive Nations and ini-
tiate a Congressional review of U.S. policy
towards the USSR; and
Be it further resolved that copies of these
resolutions be transmitted to the President,
the Secretary of State, both Senators from
Pennsylvania, and all Representatives of the
Greater Philadelphia area-and to newspa-
pers, radio and television stations of the
area.
AUSTIN J. APP, Ph. D.,
Chairman.
IGNATIUS M. BILLINSKY,
Executive Vice Chairman.
MARGIT ROHTLA, -
Executive Secretary.
ALBERT BAGIAN,
[From the Philadelphia (Pa.) America,
July 25, 1968]
A FREE WORLD MUST FREE THE CAPTIVE
NATIONS
(By Austin J. App, Ph.D., chairman, Captive
Nations Committee of Greater Philadel-
phia; Address given at the Captive Na-
tions Week Observance, Independence
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 H 8536
tria in 1918 and
to free theirs.
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CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSE September 11,-1968-
are no more Russian than the Poles are Rus-
sian, or the Arabs are Turks, or the Irish are
Britons, This must be unequivocally recog-
nized by Americans.
These captive peoples inhabit 2.053,781
square miles of land that has been theirs
for centuries. But it they and their lands
are 'given their rightful independence. Rus-
sia will still be three times their size with
8.593.391 square miles. This Is twice the
size of continental United States. It tgpuld
have a population of 110.000,000 ethnic Rus-
sians. It would therefore still be by far the
largest and the strongest nation in Europe,
about as populous as Germany and France
combined.
That Is the rightful Russia which liberat-
ing the captive nations will establish. It will
have nothing to fear from any country in
Europe. but it will also no longer be a threat
to Western Europe or to world peace. Russia,
once its captive nations are liberated, will
not be threatened by anyone and will have
no cause to threaten anyone else. The only
serious danger of a third world-war. or of a
nuclear war will have been removed.
And we believe this is the only way to re-
move the threat of a third world war. We
believe if the policies recommended in the
Resolutions we are submitting will be im-
plemented resolutely, If the American peo-
ple, and the American government resolutely
throw all their moral, economic, and
diplomatic support to the aspirations and
efforts for freedom of the captive nations,
these nations can without a world war be
liberated. Not even totalitarian dictatorscan
long defy righteous, concerted world opinion
allied with the just aspirations of most of
their people. This liberation we are morally
bound to work for and to pray for-and God
willing to achieve.
UKRAINIAN CONGRESS COMMITTER RAPS RUS-
SIAN SEPLURE OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DEMANDS
BREAK IN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND U.S.S.R.
cerned over the brutal aggression against
an invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet
Union and Its. subservient Communist satel-
lites of Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and East
Germany.
This act of naked rape and violation of a
soverign state by bhe powerful militaristic
Soviet Rurisian empire is one of the latest
acts of aggression and violation of other na-
tions' righ -,s and so?,ereignitles.
The underlying reason for this unprovoked
Invasion was the fear of the Kremlin lead-
ers-not fear of the Czechoslovak army num-
bering some 175,0(0 men-but fear of the
ideals of freedom which threatened the
shaky Russian Communist empire.
We are writing yau, Mr. Secretary, to urge
you to undertake necessary steps by the U.S.
Government to place the Soviet government
in its proper light in the eyes of the world,
namely. to condemn the USSR as an un-
bridled aggressor and violator of the sover-
eignty of Czechoslovakia.
In protesting against the Invasion of
Czechslovukla by the Soviet Union and its
allies, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of
America Ia especially concerned with the ef-
fect the invasion may have on the 45-million
Ukrainian nation which neighbors Czechoslo-
vakia. As you undoubtedly know, the Soviet
government has been ruthlessly persecuting
Ukrainian intellectuals and youth for clam-
oring for more freedom and for the develop-
ment of Ukrainian culture, literature and the
Ukrainian language. According to latest re-
liable reports. the events in Czechoslovakia
spurred Soviet Russian persecution of the
Ukrainian people, especially persecution of
the Ukrainian intellectual elite-writers,
poets. literary critics, professors, scientists,
and the like.
Furthermore, Mr. Secretary, the Russian
Communist Invasion of Czechoslovakia has
placed the Ukrainian national minority In
Eastern Slovakia at the mercy of Russian
Communism. There are some 150,000 Ukrain-
ians In Eastern Slovakia, who had been al-
lowed by the Dubcek government the free
development of their national culture and
traditions, and above all, their religious life.
The Ukrainian Rite Catholic Church was offi-
cially restored last May by the Prague gov-
ernment, and some 125.000 Ukrainian Rite
Catholics were allowed to practice their own
traditional religion in freedom under their
spiritual leader. Bishop Vasyl Hopo, who
spent 13 years in Communist Jails under the
Stalinist rule of Antonin Novotny. Now all
these newly-gained freedoms of the Ukrain-
tan minority in Czechoslovakia may be ex-
pected to be curtailed or totally eradicated
by the Russian Communist totalitarians.
The shameless Invasion of Czechoslovakia
by the Soviet Union demonstrates once again
the undo niabie truth that the Soviet Union
is the continuation of the old Czarist empire,
The one empire that has not freed a single
one of Its enslaved peoples is Soviet Russia.
On the contrary, It has extended Its brutal
colonialism and secured it with such bar-
barisms as the Berlin Wall, the Iron Curtain,
and the tanks and machine guns that in
1953 murdered the freedom fighters of East
Berlin and in 1956 those of Budapest. This
very summer when enslaved Czechoslovakia
started to loosen Its chains, Soviet Russian
tanks moved in for maneuvers--and are still
there!
Yet America and the Free World have for
decades patiently accepted Soviet Russia's
attacks on real and imaginary Western colo-
nialism. They have liberated, often prema-
turely, their African and Asian colonies. But
they have not clearly and consistently de-
manded that Soviet Russia similarly give in-
dependence to-its captive and satellite na-
tions. We who observe Captive Nations Week
urgently ask our fellow countrymen and the
world to demand this independence for the
captive nations under Communist domina-
tion.
Happily most Americans, including elected
officials, give at least lip service to freedom
for the satellite nations. These with 102
million people in 393,000 square miles were
betrayed into Soviet tyranny at Yalta. Even
Americans soft on Communism generally
wish Moscow would free these victims of
Roosevelt-Stalin peace dictating. But they
do not demand it loudly and insistently, and
they certainly don't demonstrate for this
morally required liberation!
Unhappily, when it comes to the captive
nations within the USSR, most liberals and
many poorly Informed other Americans do
not even really want independence for them.
They want to think that the Union of Soviet
Republics is all Russian, ethnically and cul-
turally, the way Californians and Pennsyl-
vanians and Texans are American. They tend
to feel that giving Ukraine and the Baltic
nations back their independence would be
dismembering Russia the way In 1945 the
Morgenthautstic victors dismembered Ger-
many. They do not want Russia dismembered
vis-a-vis Germany. Shockingly, even elements
in the government accept the Soviet Russian
.empire as a necessary "police system to keep
law and order." In April, 1963, the U.S. Arms
Control Agency instructed whom it con-
cerned that "The break-up of the Russian
Communist empire" would be "catastrophic
for world order."
Ladles and gentlemen. It is this sort of
shocking acceptance of the Red colonialism
on the part of the Free World, this virtual
and semiofficial approval of Soviet Russia, the
most tyrannical colonialism in history, the
only one that ever needed a wall and an Iron
Curtain, not to keep enemies out, but its
own people in, which gives the Red dictators
their prestige and prevents world opinion
and the oppressed peoples from rolling back
and breaking up the Soviet Russian empire.
Morally oriented and freedom loving men
and women must Insist that this Red em-
pire dissolve, the way every empire In his-
tory, even benevolent ones, had to end. Colo-
nialism cannot be a way of life in a world
that preaches human rights and democracy.
Dissolving the USSR does not mean dis-
membering Russia proper. We want a strong
and healthy Russia. but a Russia of Russians
not one of a majority of enslaved foreign na-
tionalities, a Russia brought down to its own
size. The Soviet Russian empire now, the
USSR, is an immense area of 8.647,172 square
miles, more than the U.S. and Canada and
Mexico together. It is almost three times
the size of China, and of Australia, and six
times the size of India.
It has a population of 235,000,000, but of
these only 110 million are Russian. the other
125 million are Ukrainians. Baits, Belorus-
sians and others, They speak their own lan-
guages and have their own culture. They
NEw YORK. N.Y.-The Ukrainian Congress
Committee of America (UCCA), speaking on
behalf of some 2-million American citizens
of Ukrainian descent, condemned the Soviet
Russian seizure of Czechoslovakia and de-
manded the immediate suspension of diplo-
matic relations by the United States with the
USSR and three other Communist states
which took part in the Invasion of Czecho-
slovakia.
Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, Georgetown Univer-
sity professor and President of the UCCA,
dispatched a letter to Secretary of State Dean
Rusk urging strong and immediate action by
the U.S. Government. In It the UCCA Presi-
dent called for "immediate suspension of
diplomatic relations with the USSR," sus-
pension of all trade and cultural exchange
agreements. an Fiction in the U.N. Security
Council toward the withdrawal of all foreign
troops from Czechoslovakia, the Immediate
convocation of the NATO allies for "redress- gated by some in our government that "Rus-
Ing its military posture" and "Immediate sian Communism has mellowed" has become
and unstinted support of the Captive Na- Indefens'.ble farce, in view of the aggressive
tions," who will prove "to be the surest and designs of Comrr unist Russia toward other
most dependable allies of the United States." Commurdst states, such as Rumania and
In conclusion. Dr. Dobriansky pointed out Yugoslavia.
that our policy of not "inconveniencing the Therelore, on behalf of the Ukrainian Con-
Russians" has encouraged the Kremlin milt- gress Committee of America we would like
tenets and totalitarians to bolder acts of to suggest to you to take the following steps:
aggression and provocation. 1. Imrediate suspension of diplomatic re-
(Teat of UCCA Letter to Secretary of State latlons with the USSR and Its Communist
Dean Rusk is attached.) puppet governments of Poland. Hungary and
UKRAINIAN CONGa#SS COMMITTEE Bulgaria;
or AMERICA, INC., 2. Immediate suspension of all trade agree-
New York. N.Y., August 28, 1988. ments and cultural exchange pacts w'_th the
Hon. DEAN RusK, USSR and its three satellites which were
Secretary of State. guilty of contributing to the military ag-
Department of State, gression against Czechoslovakia;
Washington, D.C. 3. Immediate action on the part of the U.S.
DEAR Ma. SECRETARY: The Ukrainian Con- Government in the U.N. Security council for
greys Committee of America, representing the purpose of vigorous and serious demands
over 2-million American citizens of Ukraia- for the complete withdrawal of all foreign
Ian ancestry, is deeply shocked at and con- troops from Czechoslovakia;
and that Communist ideology serves only as
a cover for traditional Russian imperialism
and colonialism. Moreover, the myth 7ropa-
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September 11, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
4. Immediate convocation of the NATO
Allies for,the purpose of revising its obso-
lete policies and redressing its military pos-
ture to meet the new Russian threat to West-
ern Europe;
b. Immediate and unstinted support of the
Captive Nations, held in bondage by the
Soviet Union, who will prove to be the surest
and most dependable allies of the United
States.
In conclusion, Mr. Secretary, we wish to
point out that our policy of caution and
"bridge-building" has proven not only un-
realistic and naive, but also very dangerous
to our national security and to the safety
of the free world. Our policy of not "incon-
veniencing the Russians," which was followed
by the rest of the free world, has encour-
aged the Kremlin militarists and totalitari-
ans to bolder acts of aggression and provo-
cation.
We sincerely hope that the death of free-
dom in Czechoslovakia and the occupation of
that country by Soviet and other Commu-
nist troops will serve as a severe lesson to all
who thought that Communist Russia under
the Brezhnev-Kosygin leadership is not an
enemy of the civilized world.
We respectfully submit, Mr. Secretary, that
the U.S. Government will lose prestige as a
world power and champion of freedom if it
permits the brutal Soviet Russian invasion
of Czechoslovakia to go unchallenged.
Respectfully yours,
LEV E. DOBRIANSKY,
President.
COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY
ACT OF 1968
(Mr. FLOOD asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, the new coal
mine health and safety legislation pro-
posed by the administration is designed
specifically to remedy a major weakness
in our existing law. This deficiency is the
lack of enforcement provisions that can
effectively control hazards in the most
dangerous part of any operating coal
mine.
Right now. our Federal mine inspectors
are powerless to enforce essential safety
standards at the very point of greatest
danger underground-the working face
of the mine. When an inspector, in the
course of his duty, reaches the place
where the coal is actually being extracted
from the seam, he can point out haz-
ardous conditions and recommend cor-
rective measures. He can even plead for
action; but beyond that he is powerless.
He can only hope that no accident occurs.
The proposed Federal. Coal Mine
Health and Safety Act of 1968 recognizes
this shortcoming in the present law. This
bill would, for the first time, extend Fed-
eral enforcement to the face of the mine.
And it would back that enforcement with
penalties strong enough to assure that
hazardous conditions called to an op-
erator's attention are promptly and ade-
quately corrected.
Experience since the passage of the
law that is now in force has shown clear-
ly the inadequacies of that law. Knowing
the deficiency, and having been presented
with a remedy, we can no longer ignore
our responsibilities. We must take action
now.
HOUR OF MEETING
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that when the House
adjourns today it adjourn to meet to-
morrow at 11 a.m.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
ROSTENKOWSKI). is there objection
to the request of the gentleman from
Massachusetts?
Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to
object, Mr. Speaker, what will be the
business on tomorrow other than the
Defense appropriation bill?
Mr. McCORMACK. We have the con-
ference report on the redwoods bill. Then
there is the further consideration of
the appropriation bill and there is the
national scenic rivers bill. With the dis-
posal of those matters, we would then
hope to go over until the following Mon-
day.
Mr. GROSS. And any other business
that was programed for this week will
not be called up this week; is that
correct?
Mr. McCORMACK. That is correct,
the gentleman has correctly stated the
situation.
Mr. GROSS, Mr. Speaker, I withdraw
my reservation of objection.
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, further
reserving. the right to object, has it
been decided exactly how the bills will
come up? Will the Def4,kse appropria-
tion bill be on the calendar first on to-
morrow?
Mr. McCORMACK. I would say, I
think the Defense bill would be first. The
chairman is anxious to dispose of this
bill and certainly the leadership is
anxious to dispose of the bill so I will
make the statement that we will con-
tinue with the Defense Department ap-
propriation bill. Then the redwoods con-
ference report will be the next order of
business, and following that the na-
tional scenic rivers bill.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. LIPSCOMB. I yield to the gentle-
man.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, it is not
planned then to bring up the foreign aid
conference report?
Mr. McCORMACK. No; not this week.
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, I with-
draw my reservation of objection.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
ROSTENKOWSKI). Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Mas-
sachusetts?
There was no objection.
THE TRUCK BILL
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Iowa [Mr. SCHWENGELI is
recognized for 60 minutes.
Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, last
week I referred to the fact that the na-
tional press has overwhelmingly ex-
pressed its dissatisfaction with the truck
bill before the .douse. Of the nearly 300
newspapers which haven taken an edi-
torial stand on this bill, I have found
only one which has supported it. Today,
H 8537
I am inserting in the RECORD editorials
and columns, from newspapers all over
the country. I want the Members to look
closely at them. They express the senti-
ment of the people of America and not
just a small special-interest group. They
are not concerned with increased profits
or special advantage but with the well-
being of our Nation's cities and towns.
The editorials I am inserting are just
a sampling of the feeling of our news-
papers. I urge all to heed their dire warn-
ings and to oppose this bill before the
House. The editorials follow:
[From the Knoxville (Tenn.) News-Sentinel,
July 14, 196.8]
FREIGHT TRAINS-No RAILS
If you drive a normal-sized vehicle on the
public highways, prepare to be awed. If
not scared.
Congress is in the process of legalizing
highway freight trains.
According to the report of the House Pub-
lic Works Committee, which has cleared a
new truck-weight bill for House action,
boxcars on tires up to 69 tons would be per-
mitted on the Interstate highway system.
Four committee members who voted
against the bill (already passed by the Sen-
ate) said they had some doubt whether even
the 69-ton limit would be effective.
The bill not only raises the weight limits,
but increases width limits and would per-
mit triple-trailer trucks.
The Public Works Committee rationalizes
this startling increase in roadway giants by
claiming "beneficial effects on the economy"
and vaguely suggesting that "savings" from
the use of the huge trucks might be passed
along to consumers and "work to the ad-
vantage of the public in general."
We are much more impressed by the
minority report which points out that the
bill carries no new taxes or charges for these
behemoths of the beltway, although the
Federal Budget Bureau said increased user
charges were an "essential complement" to
the higher weight limits.
The Budget Bureau said the bigger trucks
would raise the costs and reduce the life
of the highways. The Public Roads Bureau
director said such trucks would "overstress
the bridges on the Interstate highway sys-
tem by 32 to 3.6 per cent.
This legislation, the minorit
y commit-
teeman said, was opposed in testimony be
fore the committee by the American Asso-
ciation of State Highway Officials, the
American Automobile Association, the U.S.
Conference of Mayors and by many state
highway departments.
All this was ignored by the majority of
the House Public Works Committee, just as
it was ignored by the Senate.
So, if the House approves the bill, the tax-
payers will be stuck again, highways will
deteriorate faster than before and the mo-
torist-we'll, if some of the monsters now
on the roads make him nervous, wait until
these new freight trains roar up behind him!
Talk of lesser juggernauts boiled up on
Capitol Hill in Nashville last January when,
a 65-foot, not-over-73,000-pound twin-trailer
rig was put on display by the Tennessee Mo-
tor Transport Association.
Fortunately the outcry over the proposed
increase of 10 feet in length was such across
the state that a bill to allow the twin-rigs
was never introduced in the state Legislature.
But now we are faced with a greater men-
ace. If you're concerned, let Reps. Duncan,
Quillen, Brock, Evins and others hear from
you. The time to blow your horn for safety
is now.
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[From the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times,
July 26, 1968)
BACKFsRE ON TRucx-TRAINS
One need not deny the usefulness to
American society of the trucking Industry
to recognize that the Industry's Interest and
the public interest are sometimes in conflict.
This seems to be one of those times.
Despite disapproval of the chief federal
highway engineer and many, perhaps all gov-
ernors, Congress Is looking with favor on leg-
islation which could result in virtual truck-
trains on Interstate highways and connect-
ing roads. Expressing his opposition to the
pending bill, Gov. Ellington-who Is not
much known, by the way, for bucking truck-
ers-noted that the proposed additions to
length, weight and width of cargo trucks
would Increase wear on the expensive Inter-
state system and result In higher mainte-
nance costs to the states.
Reportedly, many influential and strate-
gically placed representatives and senators
have benefltted from trucking industry con-
tributions to their campaigns. Such ques-
tionable lobbying can backfire, however, it
the public is sufficiently aroused.
[From the New York Times, Aug. 6, 19681
TRIJCKERs BEARING Greys
Do you want longer, wider and heavier
trucks on the highways?
It is doubtful if very many people outside
the trucking industry would answer that
question affirmatively. Yet the Senate last
April without a record vote passed a bill
which would permit trucks on the Interstate
highway system to be a foot wider and to in-
crease their gross weight from the present
limit of 73,000 pounds to as much as 138,000
pounds or more. The new limit is not easily
defined because it is figured according to a
formula based on a truck's wheelbase and
number of axles. Since there is no limit on
the length of truck-trailer combinations,
trucks pulling two trailers would become
common and those pulling three would be
feasible.
The American Automobile Association has
properly characterized these enormous truck-
trailers as "rubber-tired freight trains on the
nation's roads" and warned of the Increased
peril they would present for ordinary motor
fats, Moreover, incalculable sums running
into the hundreds of millions of dollars will
be needed to strengthen existing bridges to
sustain such truckloads and to rebuild roads
worn out prematurely. Yet the House Public
Works Committee has cleared this bill for
floor action.
So far this is a fairly familiar tale of an
industry pushing a piece of special-interest
legislation through Congress. But the story
gained added significance when enterprising
reporters of The Washington Daily News and
The Des Moines Register analyzed the recent
political campaign contributions of the truck
operators' "nonpartisan committee." It
turned out that fifteen members of the House
Public Works Committee In both parties have
received contributions ranging from $500 to
$1,500 apiece. For Representative John
Sluezynakt, Democrat of Illinois, Chairman
of the Public Roads Subcommittee and the
man more responsible than anyone else for
the execrable, lobbying-loving highway bill.
the truckers recently bought $2.000 worth of
tickets.
A similar pattern of contributions exists
for thirteen members of the House Interstate
Commerce Committee which recently cleared
another bill desired by the commercial truck-
era which would have the effect of cutting
down on their competition from trucks
owned by farm cooperatives.
Representative Fred Schwengel, Repub-
lican of Iowa, has courageously called
attention of the House to these disclosures
and written the House Ethics Committee
urging an inquiry. For his efforts, we think
Mr. Schwengel deserves a medal instead of
the punch in the nose which one self-right-
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 11,- 468-
eons member-Representative Dingell of
Michigan-threatened to give him. A full
investigation of the trucking Industry's ef-
forts to Influence legislation Is clearly nec-
[Prom the Newark (N.J.) News, July 18, 19681
HIGHWAY MONSTERS
The trucking lobby Is roaring along At high
speed in its crusade for bigger trucks. A bill
to increase the weight limits per axle and
widths of trucks using the Federal Interstate
Highway system has passed the Senate and
has been approved by the House Public Works
Committee. Now the House will decide on
the measure, which opponents fear will mean
trucks nine feet wide and weighing in excess
of 138,000 pounds.
Of course, the proliferation of these mon-
sters would spill over into congested cities.
And the1punishment inflicted on the nation's
highways has been summarized by the Amer-
]can Association of State Highway Officials:
a r action in pavement life of 20 per cent
an4'an increase of resurfacing costs of 30 per
cent. The U.S. Bureau of Public Roads puts
the monetary coat at $1.8 billion.
In addition, Federal Highway Commis-
sioner Lowell K. Bridweil has some grim
figures on heavy commercial vehicles already
plying the highways. Though such trucks
constitute only 7 per cent of the nation's
motor vehicles, they have been involved in
19 per cent of the highway fatalities. For
every truck driver thus killed. 38 others have
died, according to the U.S. Bureau of Motor
Carrier Safety.
The haulers and their friends in Congress
see bigger trucks as necessary to increase
profits. What they would do to the rest of us
is apparently none of the industry's concern.
(From the New York Times, Aug. 28, 19681
Crrv Dzcares U.S. BILL To RAIBt TRVCS LOAD
Lmsrrs
(By Beth S. King)
The city joined yesterday in the' protests
against Federal legislation that would allow
wider, longer, and heavier trucks to operate
on Interstate roadways.
Commissioner of Highways Constantine
Sidamon-Eristof warned that this legislation.
which would permit gross truck weights up
to 138,000 pounds, could bring vehicles onto
city streets that damage surfaces and break
down utility systems underneath.
In a letter to Peter F. Tufo. the city's leg-
islative representative in Washington, Mr.
Bidamon-Eristoff said that most of the city's
6,000 miles of streets were designed for maxi-
mum loads of 172.000 pounds.
They are constructed under regulatiot es-
tablished by the Board of Estimate ia, 1912
and only Blighty amended in 1926, befsald.
"These regulations had as their ppose
the development of a city concerns with
living space and not super trucks." th com-
State laws governing truck size n state
highways now limit gross weigh to 71,000
pounds. less than the current ederal limit
of 72,000. But theses not apply to
New York City, Mr. Sidamon-Eristo8 said.
He noted that legislation was now pending
before the City Council to extend the state
regulations to city streets.
The Commissioners of Highways and Traffic
have the authority to require permits for
certain types of oversized vehicles. But some
streets within the city are governed by Fed-
eral regulations.
The city's streets cover large systems of
water, sewer, gas, electricity, and telephone
lines. They are not, Mr. Sidamon-Eristoff
said, designed to carry the vehicular loads
contemplated in the Federal legislation.
The Senate has passed the truck legisla-
tion. It has also been approved by the House
Public Works Committee, but has not been
voted on by the full House of Representa-
tives.
In addition to the increase In allowable
gross weights to 138,G00 pounds, the Federal
legislation would allow widths to be increased
from eight to nine feet. Including safety gear.
The American Automobile Assocition and
the United States Conference of Mayors have
already registered strenuous objections to the
Federal bill.
(Frori the Durham, N.C. Herald,
Aug. 14,19681
TRuci: TRAINS CosT AND HASARo
It is gratifying to sea a growing concern
over and a rising opposition to passage of
the bill to allow the use of triple-trailers on
interstate highway[: (5-2658). This past
Sunday, the Autoir,oblle Club of Virginia
took a full-page advertisement in some of
the papers of that state to point out the
heavy cost, in traffic safety and in highway
maintenance costs, enacement of this bill
would put upon the people of the United
States.
This bill has already passed the Senate
and Is expected to come to a vote in the
House of Representatives when Congress
reconvenes after the convention recess.
There is still time for those concerned for
highway asfety to let their representatives
In Oongrers know of their opposition 7o a
bill which will permit truck trains of three
trailers measuring over 100 feet in length to
use the highways.
Rocognitfng that such truck trains must
be loaded and unloaded off the intenstate
highways and must use other streets and
roads to get to the highways, the United
States Conference of Mayors recently
adopted e- resolution urging defeat of this
bill because the increase in size and weight
of trucks will "shorten the service life of
existing highways .?acilitles and multiply the
financial burden of all street and road au-
thorities for maintaining and replacing
roads and streets prematurely damaged."
The Virgnla advertisement quotes Douglas
B. Fugate, commissioner of highways In that
state, as saying that enactment of this bill
would require to replace 1,430 of the 1,662
bridges en the primary highways there at
a cost of $151,000,000, would increase new
pavement costs by over 15 per cent to carry
the added weight, and would Increase high-
way maintenance costs In that state over
$18,000.04)0 per year. Will the trucking in-
dustry pay then3 additional costs which
would benefit only that industry? No, the
Individual taxpayers whom the truck trains
will force off the highways will beer the
greater part of the burden. It would be
interesting to ge, from the North Carolina
Highway Commiision an estimate of the
added costs 5-2658 would put on this state,
already hard-pre,sed to find the money to
keep Its highway system up-to-date.
Cost isn't all. Even more significant is the
element of safety, in which human health
and life are at stake. According to the Bureau
of Motor Carrier-Safety, almost half the ac-
cidents involvin.? trucks and resulting in
death cr Injuries are collisio-.is with auto-
mobiles In such accidents, 38 occupants
of automobiles cite to every ti-uck driver. In
this connection, it may be noted also that
according to Lowell K. Bridwell, federal
highway administrator, heavy trucks consti-
tute or.y seven per cent of the registered
motor vehicles In the United States, travel 11
per cent of the total mileage of motor ve-
hicles in this country, but are involved in
19 per cent of sighway fatalities. Is It any
wonder that those concerned for highway
safety are opposed to a bill which would
markedly increase the size and weight of
trucks using the highways?
(From the Greensboro (N.C. News July 24,
19681
Tarni.E-TRAn.ER TRVCKs
The domino theory may not make a great
deal of sense in its Southeast Asian applica-
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