USSR AND THE UNITED STATES: PRICE RATIOS FOR MACHINERY 1967 RUBLES - 1972 DOLLARS VOLUME II

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 267
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 16, 2008
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 1, 1980
• Content Type: REPORT

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National
Foreign
Assessment
Center
USSR and the United States:
Price Ratios for Machinery,
1967 Rubles - 1972 Dollars
Volume II
A Research Paper
ER 80-10410
September 1980
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National
Foreign
Assessment
Center
USSR and the United States:
Price Ratios for Machinery,
1967 Rubles - 1972 Dollars
Volume II
A Research Paper
Research for this report was completed
in April 1980.
Comments and queries on this unclassified report
are welcome and may be directed to:
Director of Public Affairs
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
[phone]
For information on obtaining additional copies,
see the inside of front cover.
ER 80-10410
September 1980
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Preface This volume contains appendixes F and G of the Soviet-US price comparison
study, "Price Ratios for Machinery."
Appendix F presents the technical specifications for all the Soviet and
US items in the sample. Only those specifications that are important
to the matches-that is, the ones that affect performance and function
appreciably-are included in the comparison. One exception is weight,
which has been included, where available, because of its general interest.
In many cases specifications for an individual model of equipment had
to be taken from non- Tsenniki sources because of the incompleteness
of the data in the Tsenniki. In these cases, weights given in the non-
Tsenniki sources also were used. It is not uncommon for different Soviet
sources to show different weights for the same item. Thus the weights
listed in this appendix may differ from those in the Tsenniki.
The Tsennik source of the ruble price is given on the top line for each
item. The coding for each item is described below, using Item 1 as an
example: the first number-(26)-indicates the number of the Tsennik,
the second number-(72)-indicates the Tsennik series, in this case, 1
January 1972, and the third number-(147)-indicates the position num-
ber of the item in the Tsennik.
Throughout this appendix a dash has been used to indicate that information
is not applicable; NA has been used to indicate that information is not
available.
Appendix G lists the Tsenniki used in this study, in numerical order.
The sample item numbers covered by each Tsennik are also included.
Tsenniki in the 1 January 1972 series are listed first, followed by those
in the 1 January 1973 series. Appendix G also lists all the other sources
of price data used in the study
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Appendix F. Soviet and US Technical Specifications
1. Steam boiler (drum-type)
2. Steam boiler (drum-type)
3. Steam boiler (drum-type)
4. Steam boiler (drum-type)
7. Turbine-generator
12. Diesel engine
25. Hydrogenerator
26. Hydrogenerator
27. Hydrogenerator
28. Engine-generator set (gas)
29. Engine-generator set (diesel)
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42. Power cable, 6 kV
44. Power cable, 35 kV
45. Submarine power cable, 6 kV
46. Submarine power cable, 10 kV
47. Submarine power cable, 35 kV
48. Aluminum power cable, 1 kV
49. Aluminum power cable, 6 kV
50. Aluminum power cable, 10 kV
53. Symmetrical telephone cable, four-quad
54. Spiral telephone cable, 24-quad
55. Municipal telephone cable
56. Telephone distribution cable
58. Engine lathe
60. Horizontal boring mill
61. Universal milling machine
62. Universal milling machine
63. Copy milling machine
64. Automatic chucking machine
65. Spiral bevel and hypoid gear generator
66. Internal grinding machine
67. Centerless grinding machine (manual-type) 67
68. Cylindrical grinding machine (manual-type) 68
69. Spur and helical gear grinder
70. Vertical external broaching machine
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71. Six-spindle automatic bar machine
72. Vertical boring and turning mill
74. Double-housing planer
75. Semiautomatic gear hobbing machine
77. Double-end tenoning machine
78. Four-side planing machine
80. Sawmill log frame, single-level
81. Sawmill log frame, two-level
82. Mechanical OBI single-action press
83. Open-back inclinable punch press
84. Straight-sided mechanical press
85. Straight-sided mechanical press
87. Pneumatic power forging hammer
91. Pressure die-casting machine
94. Line printer
97. Infrared microscope
104. Vectorelectrocardioscope
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107. Oscilloscope
108. Frequency meter
110. Oil drilling rig
111. Oil drilling rig
113. Heading combine, shear-table, single rotor 113
114. Loader, gathering-arm type, continuous action 114
115. Self-propelled drilling rig
116. Mine roof support system, self-advancing
118. Oxygen converter
119. Oxygen converter
120. Steel teeming ladle
123. Submersible crude oil pump, centrifugal
124. Crude oil pipeline pump
133. Log kicker
134. Industrial sewing machine
135. Industrial sewing machine
138. Spinning frame
142. Metal-type composing machine
143. Large-point metal-casting machine
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Item No.
Description
145.
Fork lift, gasoline engine
146.
Fork lift, gasoline engine
147.
Truck crane, 6.3-ton
148.
Bridge crane, single beam, 5-ton
149.
Tracklaying crane, 25-ton
150.
Tracklaying crane, 60-ton
152.
Railroad crane, 16-ton
153.
Portable belt conveyor
154.
Front-end loader, wheeled
156.
Scraper, self-propelled
157.
Scraper, tractor-drawn
158.
Motor roller, two-roller, vibratory, 1.5-ton
158
159.
Motor roller, three-roller, 13-ton
160.
Excavator, single-bucket, tracked
161.
Excavator, single-bucket, tracked
162.
Excavator, trenching
163.
Stump remover, tractor-mounted
165.
Asphalt laying machine
166.
Cement mixer, portable
168.
Railroad passenger locomotive (diesel-electric)
168
169.
Railroad freight locomotive (diesel-electric)
169
170.
Railroad freight locomotive (electric)
172.
Railroad tank car, four-axle
173.
Railroad gondola car, four-axle
a
174.
Dry cargo merchant ship
175.
Dry cargo merchant ship
176.
Dry cargo merchant ship
177.
Dry cargo merchant ship
178.
Bulk cargo merchant ship
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191. Dump truck, off-highway, 4 x 2
192. Open-body jeep, 4 x 4
193. Four-door sedan, 4 x 2, four-passenger
198. Tractor, tracklaying, skidding
199. Tractor, tracklaying, general-purpose
200. Tractor, tracklaying, general-purpose
201. Tractor, tracklaying, industrial
202. Tractor, wheeled, agricultural
203. Tractor, wheeled, agricultural
204. Tractor, wheeled, agricultural
205. Tractor, wheeled, agricultural
206. Tractor, wheeled, agricultural
207. Grain combine, self-propelled
208. Silage combine, tractor-drawn
209. Cotton picker 209
210. Plow, moldboard, tractor-mounted
211. Plow, moldboard, tractor-drawn 211 Q
212. Cultivator, field, tractor-drawn
213. Cultivator, deep-tillage, tractor-drawn
214. Grain drill, tractor-drawn
215. Corn planter, tractor-mounted
216. Cotton planter, tractor-mounted
217. Disc harrow, heavy-duty, tractor-drawn
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Item No.
Description
218.
Mineral fertilizer spreader, tractor-mounted
218
219.
Pesticide sprayer, tractor-drawn
220.
Mower, tractor-mounted
221.
Rake, dump-type, tractor-drawn
222.
Pick-up baler, tractor-drawn
223.
Stationary milking installation
w
224.
Pneumatic conveyor (forage blower)
224
225.
Land leveler, tractor-drawn
226.
Marine radio transmitter
227.
HF communications transmitter
228.
Automatic television translation station
229.
Mobile radio relay station
230.
Radio relay transceiver
231.
Radio transceiver
232.
Radio transceiver
233.
Telegraph set
234.
Facsimile transceiving equipment
235.
Crossbar automatic telephone exchange
235
236.
Wafer separator
236
237.
Wafer scriber
238.
Mask aligner
239.
Wire bonder
240.
Wire bonder (manually operated)
241.
Wire bonder (manually operated)
242.
Transistor lifetime tester
243.
Vacuum deposition unit
244.
Diffusion furnace, two-zone
245.
Civilian passenger aircraft
Appendix G. List of Sources for Ruble Prices
a. 1 January 1972 Series
b. 1 January 1973 Series
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
668,430
Dollars:
4,470,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.15
USSR US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Fuel
Pulverized Hard Coal
-
Output (tons/hr)
160
100
Design pressure (atm)
100
100
Steam temperature (?C)
540
100
Function
Steam boilers produce steam to operate a turbine-
generator to generate electric power.
Comparability
In the United States, steam boilers for the generation
of electric power are made to user specifications.
Hence, the US analog is a custom-made unit that
has been matched to Soviet specifications.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In 1972, US boilers of this size were gas or oil
fired. Typically, boilers of this size would be used
by utilities in the United States for peaking purposes.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Tsennik 26 (72); 136
Rubles: 1,286,300
Dollars: 8,046,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .16
Output (tons/hr)
Design pressure (atm)
Steam temperature (?C)
Function
Steam boilers produce steam to operate a turbine-
generator to generate electric power.
Comparability
In the United States, steam boilers for the generation
of electric power are made to user specifications.
Hence, the US analog is a custom-made unit that
has been matched to the Soviet specifications.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
320 100
140 100
570 100
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Only a few boilers have been designed in the United
States to operate on brown coal (lignite), and all
have been substantially larger than the model in
this item. Also, in US practice, most boilers have
been designed to operate with steam temperatures
of 540?C or less; efficiency is reduced somewhat
but is more than compensated for by increased
reliability and lower costs.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
1,610,860
Dollars:
10,436,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.15
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Fuel
Output (tons/hr)
Design pressure (atm)
Function
Steam boilers produce steam to operate a turbine-
generator to generate electric power.
Comparability
In the United States, steam boilers for the generation
of electric power are made to user specifications.
Hence, the US analog is a custom-made unit that
has been matched to the Soviet specifications.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In the United States, most boilers have been designed
to operate at lower temperatures-540?C or less;
efficiency is reduced somewhat but is more than
compensated for by increased reliability and lower
costs.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Output (tons/hr)
Function
Steam boilers produce steam to operate a turbine-
generator to generate electric power.
Comparability
In the United States, steam boilers for the generation
of electric power are made to user specifications.
Hence, the US analog is a custom-made unit that
has been matched to the Soviet specifications.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In the United States, most boilers have been designed
to operate at lower temperatures-540?C or less;
efficiency is reduced somewhat but is more than
compensated for by increased reliability and lower
costs.
Rubles: 3,055,410
Dollars: 1.5,423,000
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Pulverized hard coal -
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
13.61 /kW
Dollars:
42.61 /kW
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Turbine
115
115
100
Generator
115
115
100
Steam pressure (atm)
130
122
94
Steam temperature (?C)
565
540
96
Function Representativeness
Turbine-generators, powered by steam from a boiler, This item is representative of production in both
are used by electric utilities to generate electricity. countries.
Comparability
The Soviet item is a hypothetical unit that has
been matched to the capacity of the US unit. It
was derived from data on Soviet turbine-generators
of different capacities but with approximately the
same steam pressure and temperature. The US model
has slightly lower efficiency, because of the use
of lower temperatures and pressures, but better re-
liability. Also, the US model is relatively more
economical because less costly materials are required
in high temperature zones of the turbine.
* The Soviet item has been matched to the capacity of the
US item. The price of the Soviet item was obtained by regression
using Tsennik 26 data. This is the only case in the sample
of a "hypothetical" Soviet item matched to a US analog. This
approach was dictated by data constraints. Similarly, there are
two cases in the sample of "hypothetical" US units matched
to Soviet items-Item 8 (page 8) and Item 9 (page 9).
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 12.97/kW
Dollars: 30.67/kW
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .42
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
160
172
108
150
150
100
130
122
94
565
540
96
Function Representativeness
Turbine-generators, powered by steam from a boiler, This item probably is representative of production
are used by electric utilities to generate electricity. in both countries.
Comparability
The US unit has a slightly larger turbine which
makes it possible to hook up additional generator
capacity should the need arise. The US model has
slightly lower efficiency, because of the use of lower
pressures and temperatures, but better reliability.
Also, the US model is relatively more economical
because less costly materials are required in high
temperature zones of the turbine.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
12.29/kW
Dollars:
20.06/kW
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.61
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (MW)
Function Representativeness
Turbine-generators, powered by steam from a boiler, This item probably is representative of production
are used by electric utilities to generate electricity. in both countries.
Comparability
The use of lower operating temperatures and pressures
on the US model reduces efficiency somewhat, relative
to the Soviet model, but provides better reliability.
Also, the US model is more economical because
less costly materials are required in the high tem-
perature zones of the turbine.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 11.59/k W
Dollars: 19.74/kW
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .59
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Turbine
200
200'
100
Generator
200
200'
100
Steam pressure (atm)
130
122
94
Steam temperature (?C)
565
540
96
' Approximate.
Function Representativeness
Turbine-generators, powered by steam from a boiler, This item probably is representative of production
are used by electric utilities to generate electricity. in both countries.
Comparability
The US unit is a hypothetical unit derived by
averaging two installations of 265 and 160 MW
capacities. The use of lower operating temperatures
and pressures on the US model reduces efficiency
somewhat, relative to the Soviet model, but provides
better reliability. Also, the US model is more eco-
nomical because less costly materials are required
in the high temperature zones of the turbine.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 15.64/k W
Dollars: 29.67/kW
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .53
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Function Representativeness
Turbine-generators, powered by steam from a boiler, This item is representative of production in both
are used by electric utilities to generate electricity. countries.
Comparability
The US item is a hypothetical unit that has been
matched to the Soviet specifications for capacity
and pressure. The temperature of the US unit is
somewhat lower because US designers prefer the
economies from the use of cheaper materials in
the high temperature zones of the turbines to the
somewhat higher efficiency provided by higher
temperatures.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
1,030
Dollars:
2,123
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.49
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
4-cylinder,
water cooled
4-cylinder,
water cooled
Rated horsepower x 1,500 rpm
40
39.5 99
Specific fuel consumption (g/hp/hr)
215
182 85
Weight (kg)
750
315 42
Weight-to-horsepower ratio (kg:hp)
18.8:1
8:1 43
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the design of the engine.
Function
These are general-purpose diesel engines used in
a variety of industrial applications.
Comparability
The US and Soviet engines are similar in function
and power. The US model would be more economical
to operate over time and is judged to be of better
quality. The lighter weight of the US engine reflects
the fact that it was designed for mobile applications-
in which a good weight-to-horsepower ratio is em-
phasized-and has been adapted for stationary op-
eration, the normal custom in the United States.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. Engines of this type and size are common
in the United States but more often as a standby
engine than as the prime unit as is the case in
the USSR.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 3,590
Dollars: 3,747
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .96
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
6-cylinder,
water cooled
6-cylinder,
water cooled
Rated horsepower x 1,500 rpm
165
160
97
Specific fuel consumption (g/hp/hr)
176
166
94
Weight (kg)
1,670
1,475
88
Weight-to-horsepower ratio (kg:hp) 2
10.1:1
9.2:1
91
At 1,460 rpm.
The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the design of the engine.
Function Representativeness
These are medium-duty general-purpose diesel engines This item is representative of production in both
used in a variety of industrial applications. countries.
Comparability
The US and Soviet engines are comparable in power.
The US analog would be more economical to operate
over time and is judged to be of better quality.
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Energy and Power Machinery
and Equipment
Rated horsepower '
Specific fuel consumption (g/hp/hr)
Weight (kg)
Weight-to-horsepower ratio (kg:hp) 2
' At 375 rpm for the Soviet model; at 900 rpm for the US
model.
I The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the design of the engine.
Rubles:
38,620
Dollars:
56,480
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.68
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
6-cylinder,
turbocharged
8-cylinder,
turbocharged
900
945
105
160
178
111
26,700
10,000
37
29.7:1
10.6:1
36
Function Representativeness
These are large, heavy-duty diesel engines used This item is representative of production in both
in such applications as running power generators countries.
where the requirement is for long-range steady use.
Comparability
The US and Soviet engines are comparable in power.
The Soviet engine is a little more economical in
fuel consumption because it operates at a slow
speed. On the other hand, the US analog weighs
only about one-third as much, a reflection of the
stress in the United States on a low weight-to-
horsepower ratio in order to reduce material costs
for a given power requirement.
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Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
0.8
0.75
94
Speed (rpm) I
3,000
3,450
115
Frequency (Hz) '
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
380,500
or 220/380
208
or 220/440
-
3
3
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function
These are general-purpose electric motors used in
a variety of industrial applications.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries.
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Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
24
Dollars:
104
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.23
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
1.1
1.12
102
Speed (rpm)'
1,500
1,800
120
Frequency (Hz)'
50
60
127/200
or 220/380
230/460
Totally enclosed fan cooled
Yes
Yes
Quiet
Yes
No
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function
These are special-purpose electric motors used in
a variety of industrial applications.
Comparability
The US model is slightly more powerful, but the
difference is not significant. The Soviet motor, being
a quiet model, may have certain applications that
the US model does not have.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries.
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Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
4.5
3.7
82
Speed (rpm) '
1,000
1,200
120
Frequency (Hz)'
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
220/380
230/460
or 460
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function Representativeness
These are special-purpose electric motors used to This item is representative of production in both
operate machine tools and various other mechanisms. countries.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
127
Dollars:
396
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
10
11.2
112
Speed (rpm) '
3,000
3,600
120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
220 or 380
500 or 660
220 or 230
460 or 575
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same:
Function Representativeness
These are special-purpose electric motors for use This item is representative of production in both
in mines and other installations where explosive countries.
mine gas (methane), coal dust, or other steam-
gas-air mixtures are a danger.
Comparability
The US model is slightly more powerful, but the
difference is not significant.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
264
Dollars:
647
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.41
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
40
37.3
93
Speed (rpm) '
1,500
1,800
120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
220/380,
230/460
-
380 or 500
or 460
3
3
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function Representativeness
These are general-purpose electric motors used in This item is representative of production in both
a variety of industrial applications. countries.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
1,660
Dollars:
2,963
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.56
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
75
75
100
Speed (rpm) '
1,000
1,200
120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
380,500,or
600
200,230,
460 or 575
-
3
3
-
Totally enclosed fan cooled
Yes
Yes
Explosion proof
Yes
Yes
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function Representativeness
These are special-purpose electric motors for use This item is representative of production in both
in mines and other installations where explosive countries.
mine gas (methane), coal dust, or other steam-
gas-air mixtures are a danger.
Comparability
The motors are of the same power.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
603
Dollars:
2,807
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.21
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
100
93
93
Speed (rpm) '
Frequency (Hz)
Voltage (V)
220,380
or 500
230/460
or 460
Totally enclosed fan cooled
Yes
Yes
Squirrel cage rotor
Yes
Yes
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function Representativeness
These are special-purpose electric motors used in This item is representative of production in both
a variety of industrial applications. countries.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Electric motor, AC Rubles: 2,400
Dollars: 5,267
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .46
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
200
186
93
Speed (rpm) '
500
600
120
Frequency (Hz) '
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
380
460
-
Number of phases
3
3
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function
These are electric motors designed for use with
heavy-duty compressors and blowers.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
6,280
Dollars:
34,002
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.18
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
250
224
90
Speed (rpm)
500/1,500
500/1,500
100/100
Voltage (V)
440
500
-
Forced ventilation
Yes
Yes
-
Function Representativeness
These are compensated (balanced), heavy-duty elec- This item is representative of production in both
tric motors used for driving auxiliary mechanisms countries.
in rolling mills, excavators, and other machines re-
quiring a wide regulation of speed of rotation and
having a short-term overload capacity.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
6,620
Dollars:
10,663
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.62
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
1,000
932
93
Speed (rpm) '
1,000
1,200
120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
3,600 or 6,000
2,300
-
Number of phases
3
3
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function Representativeness
These are general-purpose electric motors used in This item is representative of production in both
a variety of industrial applications, but especially countries.
with heavy-duty pumps and blowers.
Comparability
The Soviet model is slightly more powerful, but
the difference is not significant.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
26,820
Dollars:
99,724
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.27
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kW)
4,000
4,475
112
Speed (rpm) '
300
360
120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Voltage (V)
6,000
4,000
-
Synchronous
Yes
Yes
-
' Motors are comparable for these parameters if the ratios
of speed to frequency are approximately the same.
Function
These are electric motors designed primarily for
use with heavy-duty pumps and blowers.
Comparability
The US model is slightly more powerful, but the
difference is not significant.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 1,081,860
Dollars: 2,579,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .42
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type Synchronous 3-phase
vertical shaft
Capacity (kva) 80,000 100
Speed (rpm) 83.3 100
Output voltage (kV) 15 100
Function
Hydrogenerators are driven by a water turbine to
produce electric power.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries.
Comparability
The US hydrogenerator has been matched to the
Soviet specifications. In the United States,
hydrogenerators are custom made to user
specifications.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 1,218,000
Dollars: 3,201,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .38
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type Synchronous 3-phase
vertical shaft
Capacity (kva) 100,000 100
Speed (rpm) 88.2 100
Output voltage (kV) 15 100
Function Representativeness
Hydrogenerators are driven by a water turbine to This item is representative of production in both
produce electric power. countries.
Comparability
The US hydrogenerator has been matched to the
Soviet specifications. In the United States,
hydrogenerators are custom made to user
specifications.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 1,916,160
Dollars: 4,075,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .47
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (kva)
Speed (rpm)
Output voltage (kV)
Synchronous 3-phase
vertical shaft
150,000 100
83.3 100
15 100
Function Representativeness
Hydrogenerators are driven by a water turbine to This item is representative of production in both
produce electric power. countries.
Comparability
The US hydrogenerator has been matched to the
Soviet specifications. In the United States,
hydrogenerators are custom made to user
specifications.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 2,085,120
Dollars: 4,472,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .47
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type Synchronous 3-phase
vertical shaft
Capacity (kva) 275,000 100
Speed (rpm) 125 100
Output voltage (kV) 15 100
Function Representativeness
Hydrogenerators are driven by a water turbine to This item is more representative of Soviet production.
produce electric power.
Comparability
The US hydrogenerator has been matched to the
Soviet specifications. In the United States,
hydrogenerators are custom made to user
specifications.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Generator output power (kW)
1,000
1,000
100
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Rated power of engine
Gas consumption (m'/kW-hr)
.38
.29
76
Weight (kg)
23,813
22,032
93
Function
This type of engine-generator set uses a generator
powered by an engine operating on gaseous fuel to
generate electric power.
Comparability
The Soviet model is a copy of an earlier design of the
US analog. The US analog reflects the improvements
of subsequent design. The analog generates the same
output power with a slightly more powerful engine
turning at a slower speed and is significantly more
efficient with a gas consumption rate only about three-
fourths that of the Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR has a far greater need for these small power
stations for remote areas than does the United States.
Rubles: 56,360
Dollars: 319,637
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .18
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
3,430
Dollars:
5,445
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.63
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Generator output power (kW)
24
30
125
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Rated power of engine
hp
40
63
158
rpm
1,500
1,800
120
Gas consumption (kg/kW-hr)
.27
.22
81
Weight (kg)
1,390
588
42
Function Representativeness
This type of engine-generator set uses a generator This item is representative of production in both
powered by a diesel engine to generate electric power. countries.
Comparability
The US analog is more powerful, generates 25 percent
more electric power, and has a much lower rate of fuel
consumption.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
3,620
Dollars:
5,375
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.67
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type
Oil-filled 3-phase substation
-
Capacity (kVA)
1,000
1,000
100
Voltage (kV)
10/0.40'
12/0.48
120/120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Weight, total (tons)
4.7
NA
-
1.5
NA
-
Function Representativeness
These transformers are used at electric power substa- This item is representative of production in both
tions to step down transmission line voltages to a lower countries. The US model is somewhat customized to
rating for local distribution. user specifications. The Soviet model is highly
standardized.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are matched in capacity,
the most important performance characteristic. A
comparison of efficiency is not possible because
current input is not known. In general, Soviet trans-
formers usually have higher losses-in current and
magnetism (hysteresis)-and require a larger energy
input for a given energy output compared with US
transformers.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Item Number 31
Tsennik
Rubles:
7,180
Dollars:
11,001
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.65
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type
Oil-filled 3-phase substation
-
Capacity (kVA)
2,500
2,500
100
Voltage (kV)
35/10'
34.4/12
98/120
Frequency (Hz)
50
60
-
Weight, total (tons)
17
8.3
49
Of which, oil (tons)
4.8
NA
-
Function Representativeness
These transformers are used at electric power substa- This item is representative of production in both
tions to step down transmission line voltages to a lower countries. The US model is somewhat customized to
rating for local distribution. user specifications. The Soviet model is highly
standardized.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are matched in capacity,
the most important performance characteristic. A
comparison of efficiency is not possible because
current input is not known. In general, Soviet trans-
formers usually have higher losses-in current and
magnetism (hysteresis)-and require a larger energy
input for a given energy output compared with US
transformers.
--- Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Type
Capacity (kVA)
Voltage (kV)
Frequency (Hz)
Weight, total (tons)
Of which, oil (tons)
Function
These transformers are used at electric power substa-
tions to step down transmission line voltages to a lower
rating for local distribution.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are matched in capacity,
the most important performance characteristic. A
comparison of efficiency is not possible because
current input is not known. In general, Soviet trans-
formers usually have higher losses-in current and
magnetism (hysteresis)-and require a larger energy
input for a given energy output compared with US
transformers.
Rubles:
18,230
Dollars:
24,283
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.75
Oil-filled 3-phase substation
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
10,000
10,000
100
35/10'
34.4/12
98/120
50
60
21.2
NA
5.2
NA
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The US model is somewhat customized to
user specifications. The Soviet model is highly
standardized.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
603
Dollars:
3,456
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.17
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated voltage (kV)
10
14.4
144
Rated current (amperes)
600
600
100
Cutoff capacity (MVA)
350
300'
86
' Calculated. The corresponding US specification, "Nominal 3-
Phase MVA," is given as 250. However, the Soviet and US rating
systems are different. The US specification is based on "asymmetri-
cal interrupting current"; the Soviet specification on "symmetrical
interrupting current." The US value was multiplied by 1.2 to convert
the 250 MVA to the Soviet rating base.
Function
These oil switches are oil-filled circuit breakers used
for medium-duty applications in electrical distribution
systems.
Comparability
The differences in voltage and cutoff capacity are not
significant.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The Soviet model is a standardized item that
probably is serially produced. The US analog is batch
produced and generally is custom tailored to specific
requirements.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 1,440
Dollars: 4,995
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .29
Rated voltage (kV)
Rated current (amperes)
Cutoff capacity (MVA)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
35 25.8 74
1,000 1,200 120
500 600' 120
'Calculated. The corresponding US specification, "Nominal 3-
Phase MVA," is given as 500. However, the Soviet and US rating
systems are different. The US specification is based on "asymmetri-
cal interrupting current"; the Soviet specification on "symmetrical
interrupting current." The US value was multiplied by 1.2 to convert
the 500 MVA to the Soviet rating base.
Function
These oil switches are oil-filled circuit breakers used
for medium-duty applications in electrical distribution
systems.
Comparability
The US analog has larger contacts to handle a slightly
larger flow of current, but its voltage is lower which
means the contacts need not open as wide as on the
Soviet model. These differences are design trade-offs.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The Soviet model is a standardized item that
probably is serially produced. The US analog is batch
produced and generally is custom tailored to specific
requirements.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
3,055
Dollars:
6,987
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.44
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated voltage (kV)
35
38
109
Rated current (amperes)
1,000
1,200
120
Cutoff capacity (MVA)
1,500
1,800'
120
' Calculated. The corresponding US specification, "Nominal 3-
Phase MVA," is given as 1,500. However, the Soviet and US rating
systems are different. The US specification is based on "asymmetri-
cal interrupting current"; the Soviet specification on "symmetrical
interrupting current." The value was multiplied by 1.2 to convert the
1,500 MVA to the Soviet rating base.
Function
These oil switches are oil-filled circuit breakers used
for medium-duty applications in electrical distribution
systems.
Comparability
The US analog is a slightly more powerful switch. It
has larger contacts than the Soviet model and can open
the contacts wider than the Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The Soviet model is a standardized item that
probably is serially produced. The US model is batch
produced and generally is custom tailored to specific
requirements.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Electrotechnical Machinery
and Equipment
Rated voltage (kV)
Rated current (amperes)
Cutoff capacity (MVA)
'Calculated. The corresponding US specification, "Nominal
3-Phase MVA," is given as 1,000. However, the Soviet and US
rating systems are different. The US specification is based on
"asymmetrical interrupting current"; the Soviet specification on
"symmetrical interrupting current." The US value was multiplied by
1.2 to convert the 1,000 MVA to the Soviet rating base.
Function
These oil switches are oil-filled circuit breakers used
for medium-duty applications in electrical distribution
systems.
Comparability
The US analog is slightly superior in performance
since it has a 20 percent higher current interrupt
capacity.
Rubles: 2,480
Dollars: 10,482
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .24
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
35 34.5 99
1,000 1,200 120
1,000 1,200 120
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The Soviet model is a standardized item that
probably is serially produced. The US model is batch
produced and generally is custom tailored to specific
requirements.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
692/km
Dollars:
1,602/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.43
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Control cable is used in control circuits for applications This item is more representative of Soviet production.
such as transmitting actuating signals or signals from Although produced in large quantities in the United
sensors. States, most US cable of this type uses polyethylene
insulation rather than rubber.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 310.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an of eight ratios for this type of cable which vary in
number of conductors from four to 37.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
898/km
Dollars:
1,914/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.47
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those
of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical
characteristics tend to be functional or performance characteristics
as well.
Function
Control cable is used in control circuits for applications
such as transmitting actuating signals or signals from
sensors.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 310.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of eight ratios for this type of cable which
vary in number of conductors from four to 37.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses polyethylene
insulation rather than rubber.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
1,087/km
Dollars:
2,247/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.48
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Jacket Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Sheath Two steel tapes and outside cover
Conductor size (mm2) 1.5
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Control cable is used in control circuits for applications This item is more representative of Soviet production.
such as transmitting actuating signals or signals from Although produced in large quantities in the United
sensors. This type is armored for mechanical strength. States, most US cable of this type uses polyethylene
insulation rather than rubber.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 310.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of eight ratios for this type of cable which
vary in number of conductors from four to 37.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
1,334/km
Dollars:
2,665/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.50
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Jacket Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Sheath Two steel tapes and outside cover
Conductor size (mm') 2.5
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Control cable is used in control circuits for applications This item is more representative of Soviet production.
such as transmitting actuating signals or signals from Although produced in large quantities in the United
sensors. This type is armored for mechanical strength. States, most US cable of this type uses polyethylene
insulation rather than rubber.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 310.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of eight ratios for this type of cable which
vary in number of conductors from four to 37.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 4,000/km
Dollars: 6,630/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .60
USSR US' Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Voltage (kV) 1
Number of conductors 3
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Power cable of this type is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
Comparability polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 310.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of two ratios for this type of cable, one with
a conductor size of 6 mm' and the other of 150 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
4,000/km
Dollars:
6,750/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.59
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those
of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical
characteristics tend to be functional or performance characteristics
as well.
Function Representativeness
Power cable of this type is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
Comparability polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of two ratios for this type of cable, one with
a conductor size of 25 mm' and the other of 70 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
5,600/km
Dollars:
10,350/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.54
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Power cable of this type is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
Comparability polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
The Soviet and US items are identical.
' No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of four ratios for this type of cable which vary
in conductor size from 16 to 150 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 16,475/km
Dollars: 21,500/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .77
Specifications: USSR US' Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Conductor size (mm') 70, 95, 120, 150
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Power cable of this type is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
Comparability polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
The Soviet and US items are identical.
No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of four ratios for this type of cable which vary
in conductor size from 70 to 150 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
6,200/km
Dollars:
12,783/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.49
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Sheath Jute and galvanized steel wire
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Submarine power cable is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. It is armored with Although produced in large quantities in the United
steel wire for underwater installation or for vertical States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
suspension in mines and tall buildings. polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 281.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of three ratios for this type of cable which
vary in conductor size from 16 to 150 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
7,167/km
Dollars:
14,413/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.50
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Sheath Jute and galvanized steel wire
Voltage (kV) 10
Number of conductors 3
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Submarine power cable is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. It is armored with Although produced in large quantities in the United
steel wire for underwater installation or for vertical States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
suspension in mines and tall buildings. polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 281.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of three ratios for this type of cable which
vary in conductor size from 16 to 150 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
21,100/km
Dollars:
27,730/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.76
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Sheath Jute and galvanized steel wire
Voltage (kV) 35
Number of conductors 3
Conductor size (mm') 70, 95, 120
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Submarine power cable is used for the transmission of This item is more representative of Soviet production.
electrical power at high voltages. It is armored with Although produced in large quantities in the United
steel wire for underwater installation or for vertical States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
suspension in mines and tall buildings. polyethylene insulation without a lead jacket.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 281.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of three ratios for this type of cable which
vary in conductor size from 70 to 120 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Sheath
Voltage (kV)
Number of conductors
Conductor size (mm')
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function
Aluminum power cable is used for the transmission of
electrical power at high voltages.
Rubles:
1,275/km
Dollars:
3,735/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.34
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded plastic
insulation. In the United States, the choice of alumi-
num or copper is determined largely by the relative
prices.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of two ratios for this type of cable, one with
a conductor size of 10 mm' and the other of 120 mm'.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Sheath
Voltage (kV)
Number of conductors
Conductor size (mm')
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function
Aluminum power cable is used for the transmission of
electrical power at high voltages.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of two ratios for this type of cable, one with
a conductor size of 25 mm' and the other of 240 mm'.
Rubles:
2,500/km
Dollars:
7,950/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.31
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
6
2
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded plastic
insulation. In the United States, the choice of alumi-
num or copper is determined largely by the relative
prices.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
1,750/km
Dollars:
7,035/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.25
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Conductor size (mm2)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function
Aluminum power cable is used for the transmission of
electrical power at high voltages.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. 1, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of two ratios for this type of cable, one with
a conductor size of 35 mm2 and the other of 70 mm2.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded plastic
insulation. In the United States, the choice of alumi-
num or copper is determined largely by the relative
price.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
3,533/km
Dollars:
6,293/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.56
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Voltage (V) 660
Number of conductors 3
Conductor size (mm')
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer speci-
fications. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match
those of the Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that
physical characteristics tend to be functional or performance
characteristics as well.
Function
Power cable of this type is used for the distribution of
electrical power at low voltages.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. The average enterprise wholesale
ruble price is from Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth
edition, Vol. I, Book 1, Energiya, Moscow, 1971, page 279.
The average dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble-dollar ratio
is an average of three ratios for this type of cable which
vary in conductor size from 6 to 120 mm'.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, most US cable of this type uses extruded
polyethylene insulation rather than rubber.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Jacket
Armor
Rubles: 7,800/km
Dollars: 22,422/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .35
USSR US' Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Quad conductor diameter (mm)
Capacity (channels per tube)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function
Coaxial telephone cable of this type is used for long
distance communications with a capacity of up to
several thousand two-way telephone channels.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. A similar type of price was
obtained from Sbornik 25, Ukrupnennykh pokazateley
vosstanovitel'noy stoimosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy svyazi dlya
pereotsenki osnovnykhfondov, "Meditsina," Moscow, 1970, Entry
No. 449, page 60.
0.9
960
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, modern US cables tend to be of much higher
capacity, on the order of 3,000 to 4,000 channels per
tube.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
2,770/km
Dollars:
8,903/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.31
USSR
US'
-Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1.2
4
Capacitance (nf/km) 24.5
Capacity (channels) 192
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
Symmetrical telephone cable is used for long distance This item is more representative of Soviet production.
communications. It has a capacity of 24 telephone In the United States, cable of this capacity normally is
channels per pair of conductors. either of coaxial construction or designed for use with
modern digital modulation equipment.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. A similar type of price was
obtained from Sbornik 25, Ukrupnennykh pokazateley
vosstanovitel'noy stoimosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy svyazi dlya
pereotsenki osnovnykh fondov, "Meditsina," Moscow, 1970, Entry
No. 368, page 56.
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Cable Products
Capacity (channels)
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function
Spiral telelphone cable is used for low-capacity tele-
phone communications and is designed for laying in a
conduit. It has a capacity of 12 channels per pair.
Rubles:
3,250/km
Dollars:
6,816/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.48
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
0.8
24
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In the United States, most cable of this capacity is
cheaper and simpler than this item and is used for the
transmission of digital data. Digital transmission is less
demanding on the transmission media and permits the
use of cable of less stringent specifications.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. A similar type of price was
obtained from Sbornik 25, Ukrupnennykh pokazateley
vosstanovitel'noy stoimosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy svyazi dlya
pereotsenki osnovnykh fondov, "Meditsina," Moscow, 1970, Entry
No. 553, page 69.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 7,100/km
Dollars: 16,532/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .43
USSR US' Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (channels) 300
' US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function Representativeness
This cable is used for intraurban telephone communi- This item is more representative of Soviet production.
cations. It has a capacity of one channel per pair of Although produced in large quantities in the United
conductors. States, most US cable of this type normally is of higher
capacity and uses pulp rather than paper insulation.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. A similar type of price was
obtained from Sbornik 25, Ukrupnennykh pokazateley
vosstanovitel'noy stoimosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy svyazi dlya
pereotsenki osnovnykhfondov, "Meditsina," Moscow, 1970, Entry
No. 986, page 91.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Cable Products
Rubles:
980/km
Dollars:
1,640/km
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.60
Specifications:
USSR
US'
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Insulation
Sheath
Outer shield
Capacity (channels)
US manufacturers generally manufacture cable to buyer specifica-
tions. Hence, the US specifications for this cable match those of the
Soviet cable. Cable is a unique problem in that physical characteris-
tics tend to be functional or performance characteristics as well.
Function
Telephone distribution cable is intended for distribu-
tion of subscriber lines of the local telephone network.
This cable has a capacity of one channel per pair of
conductors.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items are identical.
* No Tsennik price is available. A similar type of price was
obtained from Sbornik 25, Ukrupnennykh pokazateley
vosstanovitel'noy stoimosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy svyazi dlya
pereotsenki osnovnykhfondov, "Meditsina," Moscow, 1970, Entry
No. 1082, page 95.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although produced in large quantities in the United
States, US cable of this type normally is of higher
capacity and uses polyvinylchloride insulation rather
than enamel/polyvinylchloride.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
2,260
Dollars:
7,161
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Swing over bed (mm)
400
435
109
Swing over cross slide (mm)
220
267
121
Distance between centers (mm)
1,400
1,370
98
Spindle speed (rpm)
Minimum'
12
15
125
Maximum
2,000
1,580
79
Power of the main drive (kW)
10
7.5
75
Weight (kg)
2,200
2,030
92
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function Representativeness
Engine lathes are general all-purpose machine tools This item is representative of production in both
designed to generate cylindrical forms from revolving countries. The Soviet 1K62 is mass produced on a
workpieces. moving assembly line. The US model is produced in
small batches.
Comparability
The Soviet and US lathes are roughly comparable in
performance. The US analog can handle a part of
slightly larger diameter but has less power and weight
than the Soviet model. These differences are not
significant; US motors are conservatively rated and
power actually available to the US model is greater
than indicated. Moreover, the US model has adequate
rigidity to handle large workloads, despite its lighter
weight, because of superior construction. The Soviet
lathe is an old model that reflects the technology of the
1950s. The larger range of spindle speeds of the Soviet
lathe reflects the smaller Soviet assortment of lathes.
The USSR tries to satisfy its need for lathes with a
minimum assortment in order to achieve large-scale
production.
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Machine Tools
Rubles: 4,420
Dollars: 26,071
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .17
Specifications: USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Swing over bed (mm) 630 635 101
Swing over cross slide (mm) 340 406 119
Distance between centers (mm) 1,400 1,372 98
Spindle speed (rpm)
Minimum' 10 15 150
Maximum 1,250 1,000 80
Feed (mm/rev)
Minimum 0.1 0.038 38
Maximum 3.2 2.31 72
Power of the main drive (kW) 14 15 107
Weight (kg) 3,800 4,093 108
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
Engine lathes are general all-purpose machine tools
designed to generate cylindrical forms from revolving
workpieces.
Comparability
The Soviet and US lathes are designed to handle
the same sized workpieces. The US analog has
a higher spindle speed on large diameter parts (15
rpm) but a slower feed rate (2.31 mm/rev). On
balance, the metal removal rates of the two machines
are similar. The US lathe is slightly more powerful
and heavier, but the differences are not significant.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The Soviet model is series produced. The
US model is produced in small batches.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 21,090
Dollars: 43,412
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .49
Maximum boring diameter (mm)
Maximum drilling diameter (mm)
Accuracy in positioning table (mm)'
Table size (mm)
Length
Width
Maximum table travel speed (mm/min)
Maximum spindle feed (mm/rev)
Power of the main drive (kW)
Weight (kg)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
250
178
71
30
38
127
.004
.005
125
1,100
1,270
115
630
635
101
1,200
1,270
106
.16
.58
362
2
3.7
185
6,600
6,577
100
Function
Jig borers are used for precision machining of holes
where extreme accuracy is required in the location of
holes. Jig borers can perform other machining oper-
ations also, such as drilling, boring, reaming, facing,
and occasionally milling.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Jig borers are a small share of US output of
metalcutting machine tools, and a relatively larger
share of Soviet output. The Soviet model is in small
series production; the US model is batch produced.
Comparability
The US analog is more productive than the Soviet
model. Its maximum spindle feed is nearly four times
that of the Soviet model, and it has the extra power to
utilize the faster feed. In addition, the higher table
travel speed of the US analog enables it to reposition
and begin cutting more quickly than the Soviet jig
borer. The US model also is capable of handling
slightly larger parts. The US specification for position-
ing accuracy reflects conversion to millimeters of a
number that has been rounded in inches. The true
unrounded specification for the US machine could
show the same or even greater accuracy in millimeters.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
Spindle diameter (mm)
Boring diameter (mm)
Table size (mm)
Length
Width
Maximum table travel (mm)
Power of the main drive (kW)
Weight (kg)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
Horizontal boring mills are desig6ed to bore holes in
large parts. They are capable also of milling, drilling,
reaming, tapping, and threading. They differ from
vertical boring mills in that in the latter the work is
rotated whereas in a horizontal boring mill the work is
stationary.
Comparability
The US and Soviet boring mills are similar in function,
but the US analog probably is more productive since it
has greater power and higher maximum feed rates.
Rubles:
28,350
Dollars:
85,664
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.33
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
12.5
15
120
1,600
1,550
97
10
14.9
149
12,000
13,590
113
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Horizontal boring machines are batch produced in the
United States to order and in small quantities. The
Soviet model is series produced, and annual output is
believed to be substantially larger than in the United
States.
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Machine Tools
Rubles:
2,570
Dollars:
28,980
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.09
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Table Size (mm)
Length
1,250
1,505
120
Width
320
356
111
Maximum table travel (mm)
700
711
102
260
305
117
380
457
120
25-1,250
9.5-2,286
38-183
1,225
2,276.5
186
8.3-416
4.8-1,143
58-275
407.7
1,138.2
279
Spindle speed (rpm)
Minimum'
Maximum
1,600
1,800
112
Power of the main drive (kW)
7.0
7.5
107
Weight (kg)
2,800
3,873
138
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
Milling machines are used to machine flat surfaces
where speed of machining and smoothness are impor-
tant. Universal milling machines are used in small-lot
production of such items as gears, splines, keyways,
and slots, and in tooling and repair work where a large
variety of milling setups are encountered.
Comparability
The US analog can handle larger parts, a greater
variety of parts, and can mill them at faster speeds
than the Soviet model. Also, because the US analog
has more weight and rigidity, as well as faster feeds
and traverse speeds, it is more suitable for the
production shop. The Soviet model, by contrast, is best
suited for lighter duty in toolroom and repair shop
applications.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Milling machines represent roughly 10 percent of US
machine tool output by value and a somewhat larger
share of Soviet output. The US model is batch
produced. The Soviet model is series produced.
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Machine Tools
Length
Width
Maximum table travel (mm)
Length
Width
Vertical
Table Feeds (mm/min)
Length
Range
Width
Range
Vertical
Rapid traverse of table (mm/min)
Length
Width
Vertical
Power of the main drive (kW)
Weight (kg)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
Milling machines are used to machine flat surfaces
where speed of machining and smoothness are impor-
tant. Universal milling machines are used in small-lot
production of such items as gears, splines, keyways,
and slots, and in tooling and repair work where a large
variety of milling setups are encountered.
Comparability
The US analog can handle larger workpieces, has a
wider range of spindle speeds for both roughing and
finishing cuts, has greater rigidity, and can be
Rubles:
2,030
Dollars:
26,739
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.08
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
600
711
200
254
127
350
457
131
35-980
6.3-812
18-83
945
805.7
85
25-765
6.3-812
25-106
740
805.7
109
12-380
3.1-406
26-107
368
402.9
109
2,900
3,810
131
2,300
3,810
166
1,150
1,905
166
1,800
2,000
111
4.5
3.73
83
2,100
2,763
132
repositioned more quickly between cuts than can the
Soviet model. Nevertheless, in a toolroom or repair
shop environment, the productivity of the two models
would be similar. The US analog would perform better
in a production shop environment.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Milling machines represent 10 percent of US machine
tool output by value and a somewhat larger share of
Soviet output. The US model is produced in very small
volume, the Soviet model in larger quantities.
62
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Machine Tools
Rubles: 72,830
Dollars: 151,120
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .48
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Work feeds (mm/min)
Minimum
Maximum
Rapid traverse (mm/min)
Minimum'
35.5
16
45
Maximum
1,800
1,600
89
Power of the main drive (kW)
10.2
22.4
220
Weight (kg)
35,500
29,890
84
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
While tracing a master blank, copy milling machines
simultaneously reproduce the irregular or complex
shapes of dies, molds, cams, airfoil surfaces, and
aircraft parts.
Comparability
The US and Soviet machines are designed to machine
parts of the same approximate size. However, the US
analog probably is more productive than its Soviet
counterpart since it has a more rapid feed across the
workpiece and extra power. Also, the US analog has a
much faster rapid traverse which means the machine
loses less time getting positioned between cuts.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Few copy milling machines were produced in the US in
1972, having been supplanted by multiaxis numeri-
cally controlled machine tools. They are produced only
on order. The USSR, however, which was not produc-
ing multiaxis numerically controlled machine tools in
1967, is believed to have produced copy milling
machines in fairly large volume. The Soviet LR-93A
model was serially produced in small quantities.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
Rubles: 5,660
Dollars: 35,788
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .16
Maximum diameter
Maximum length
Spindle speed (rpm)
Minimum'
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Power of the main drive (kW)
Weight (kg)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function
Automatic chucking machines are designed to ma-
chine cylindrical parts which cannot be held between
centers. They are suited for turning, drilling, boring,
counterboring, reaming, facing, and grooving
operations.
Comparability
The US and Soviet machines are designed to handle
parts of virtually the same diameter. However, the
Soviet machine is capable of handling a somewhat
larger workpiece. The US machine has significantly
higher spindle speeds, indicating relatively higher
productivity.
2,000 2,507 125
5.5 5.6 102
2,900 2,760 95
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. Single spindle automatic chucking machines
represented roughly 3 to 4 percent of US output of
machine tools by value during the early 1970s.
Although exact figures for the USSR are not available,
chucking machines are estimated at a minimum of 5
percent of Soviet output in the late 1960s.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
Rubles:
23,950
Dollars:
98,195
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.24
Specifications:
USSR
Us
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
840
838
100
750
750
100
Maximum number of teeth cut
100
100
100
Feed range (seconds/tooth)
Minimum'
Power of the main drive (kW)
10
5.6
56
Weight (kg)
12,500
11,793
94
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function
These machines are designed to cut spiral bevel gears.
A typical use for the gears cut with these machines is in
the axles of trucks and cars.
Comparability
The Soviet model is a copy of the US analog. The
major design difference is the greater speed of feed of
the Soviet model. However, even though the Soviet
model is heavier than its US counterpart it lacks
sufficient weight and rigidity to provide high quality
tooth surface at its high feed rates.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Bevel and hypid gear generators were produced in
relatively large volume in the USSR in 1967 and in the
United States in 1972, but the United States is the
acknowledged world leader in this area of machine tool
technology and supplies most of the industrialized
countries, including the USSR.
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Machine Tools
Rubles: 9,200
Dollars: 36,263
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .25
Diameter of hole that can be ground (mm)
Minimum '
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum
200
200
100
Maximum depth of hole that can be ground (mm)
200
305
152
Maximum diameter of work that can be ground (mm)
560
508
91
Accuracy of hole ground (mm)
Ovality
.005
.005
100
Conicity
.008
.005
62
Grinding wheel spindle speed (rpm)
Minimum
4,500
6,500
144
Maximum
14,800
8,500
57
Power of the main drive (kW)
5.5
5.6
102
Weight (kg)
4,975
3,217
65
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
Internal grinding machines are designed for grinding
cylindrical and tapered holes. Manually operated
models are used where production is small or varied, as
in job shops or tool grinding rooms.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are similar in function, but
the US analog is capable of grinding a smaller and
more accurate hole and to a greater depth. The Soviet
model accepts a larger diameter part, has a much
wider range of spindle speeds, and weighs more. Since
it has no more power than the US analog, it probably is
no more productive in operation. Although the US
analog is a precision toolroom grinder while the Soviet
model is a production line type, the comparison is valid
since the Soviet model can operate also in a toolroom
situation. However, toolroom grinders tend to be more
expensive than production line grinders, and the ratio,
therefore, is accordingly lower.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Although grinding machines, including internal grind-
ers, represent 15 to 20 percent of the value of US
output of metalcutting machine tools, this particular
model is only produced in small batches of a half dozen
or less. Grinding machines are believed to represent a
much smaller share of Soviet output. The Soviet model
is believed to be serially produced.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
Rubles:
4,470
Dollars:
9,394
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.48
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
19
30
158
190
480
253
Power of the main drive (kW)
7
5.6
80
Weight (kg)
2,450
1,043
44
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
' Out of round.
Function
Centerless grinders are used to grind cylindrical
surfaces on parts which cannot conveniently be held
between centers. Manually operated centerless grind-
ers are used when production is not large enough
or is too varied to justify use of automatic grinders.
Comparability
The US grinder is 20 percent less powerful and
weighs less than one-half as much as its Soviet
counterpart. A substantial portion of the weight
differential, however, is accounted for by the US
company's use of weldments and other modern con-
struction techniques designed to maintain rigidity
while reducing weight. Despite the power and weight
differentials, the US analog can produce both smaller
and larger, as well as more accurate, parts than
the Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. In
the United States, grinding machines represent 15 to
20 percent of machine tool production, although
output of this particular model probably did not exceed
two dozen units in 1972. In the USSR, grinding
machines probably accounted for perhaps 5 to 10
percent of machine tool production in the late 1960s.
Soviet model 3G182 has been series produced since the
early 1960s.
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Machine Tools
Rubles:
Dollars:
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
Distance between centers (mm)
Diameter over swing (mm)
Table traverse speed (mm/min)
Maximum
Power to the wheel (kW)
Weight (kg)
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function
Cylindrical grinders machine and provide high surface
finishes to cylindrical parts. Manually operated ma-
chines are used primarily in job shops and tool grinding
rooms where production is too low or too varied to
justify using semiautomatic or automatic machinery.
Comparability
The US analog is capable of handling a longer part
(distance between centers) and a larger diameter part
than the Soviet model. The Soviet model is heavier
because it represents older technology. The US analog,
despite its weight, probably has the rigidity needed to
handle heavy workloads because of the use of superior
metal alloys and construction techniques. The slower
table traverse of the US model is not significant. It
reflects the fact that it can handle a part of larger
diameter.
700
762
200
254
6,000
6,096
102
7.5
5.6
75
4,200
3,357
80
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. In
the United States, grinding machines represent 15 to
20 percent of machine tool output; in the USSR,
perhaps 5 to 10 percent. This particular Soviet model is
series produced. This particular US model is batch
produced.
6,070
42,426
.14
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
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Machine Tools
Rubles: 82,360
Dollars: 129,488
Ruble Dollar Ratio: .64
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
With work rest
Grinding wheel diameter (mm)
Minimum
Maximum table feed (mm/min)
Table traverse speed (mm/min)
Weight (kg)
Function
Automatic spur and helical gear grinding machines are
designed to produce involute tooth profiles of spur and
helical gears in lot and mass production.
Comparability
Both models are designed to machine the same sized
gears. However, the analog can handle heavier
workpieces than the Soviet model and can grind more
teeth per gear. Machine productivity appears to be
similar, since the speed with which the table moves
(traverse speed) and is fed by the grinder (table feed)
are practically the same.
1,800
1,800
100
3,200
3,000
94
5,500
6,387
116
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The US produces gear grinders but not in this size, and
the analog, therefore, is foreign made. Less than 50 are
imported annually. The Soviet model probably is
produced in small quantities.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
8,930
Dollars:
86,300
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.10
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Length (mm)
1,250
1,372
110
Speed (m/min)
8.5
8.5
100
Power of the main drive (kW)
22
29.9
136
Weight (kg)
7,750
9,585
124
Function
Vertical external broachers are designed for machin-
ing flat surfaces. A cutting tool having multiple cutting
edges along its length is pulled linearly over the
workpiece surface to remove metal. Each successive
cutting tooth removes a small amount of the total stock
to be machined.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries, accounting in each case for a very small
percentage of machine tool output. The USSR prob-
ably produces its model in small series. In the United
States, vertical broachers are batch produced.
Comparability
The US analog has greater pulling capacity, longer
work stroke, and more weight and power. This
indicates that the analog can take heavier cuts than the
Soviet model.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
14,870
39,997
.37
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Round (diameter)
25
25.4
102
Hexagonal (across flats)
22
22.2
101
Square (side)
17
19
112
150
157.2
105
Minimum'
280
215
77
Maximum
2,560
3,683
144
Power of the main drive (kW)
14
11.2
80
Weight (kg)
6,200
6,523
105
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function
Multispindle bar automatics are designed for large
series production of parts made from bar or tube
stock. The spindles, which operate simultaneously,
can perform operations such as rough and finish
turning, facing, drilling, boring, counterboring,
reaming, and cutting external and internal threads.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production and is
produced in moderate quantities in both countries.
This particular Soviet model has been serially pro-
duced in the USSR since the early 1960s. This
particular US analog was batch produced at the rate of
20 to 30 units annually in the early 1970s.
Comparability
The US and Soviet bar machines are designed
to accept the same size of bar stock. The Soviet
model has 20 percent more power but weighs less
than the US analog. The lighter weight may indicate
that the Soviet model does not have sufficient rigidity
to utilize the extra power. The US analog has
a wider range of spindle speeds which suggests
that it may be more productive than the Soviet
model. However, productivity also depends crucially
upon feed rates, and this specification is missing
from both models.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Diameter
Height
Maximum table speed (rpm)
Power of the main drive (kW)
Weight (kg)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function
Vertical boring and turning mills are designed for
machining workpieces that are too large or heavy for
lathes. They are capable of a variety of functions:
cylindrical and taper turning, boring, facing,
undercutting, drilling, counterboring, and reaming.
Cutting tools are mounted in tool holders on vertical
and side heads. The vertical heads are mounted on a
cross rail.
Comparability
The US and Soviet mills are similar in function, but
the US analog weighs nearly twice as much-and,
hence, is more rigid-and handles both larger and
heavier workpieces. Power to the main drive is closely
Rubles:
18,050
Dollars:
167,377
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.11
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1,600
1,727
108
1,000
1,219
122
200
200
100
2,500
2,740
110
400
3,200
800
28
29.8
106
18,000
34,880
194
matched, but motor power on US machine tools tends
to be rated conservatively. The relatively greater power
and rigidity of the US analog indicates that it can take
deeper and more accurate cuts. Also, the higher rapid
traverse speeds of the side head and cross rail, which
provides quick positioning of the cutting tools, implies
that the US analog is more productive than the Soviet
model.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production and is
produced in relatively small numbers in both countries.
In the USSR they are produced in small series. In the
United States they are built on order.
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Rubles:
4,460
Dollars:
19,778
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.23
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Vertical
320
333.3
104
Ram speed (m/min)
3-48
3-30.48
100-63
Range
45
27.48
61
Ram cutting force (kgf) '
2,800
1,871
67
Maximum ram stroke (mm)
700
762
109
Table feed per ram double stroke (mm)
Horizontal
0.25-5
0.05-2.79
20-56
Range
4.75
2.74
58
Vertical
0.15-1.05
0.025-0.457
17-44
Range
0.90
0.432
48
Power of the main drive (kw)
7.5
7.46
99
Weight (kg)
3,300
3,579
108
' Kilograms of force.
Function
Shapers are used in toolrooms, die shops, and in small-
scale manufacturing operations to machine flat sur-
faces in horizontal, vertical, or angular planes.
Comparability
The US and Soviet shapers are similar in function. The
US analog, however, is designed to handle a slightly
larger workpiece, as indicated by its longer ram stroke,
greater table size, and table travel. The Soviet model is
capable of taking larger feeds, an important factor
affecting productivity. However, the larger feeds
require a heavier ram cutting force, and the motor on
the Soviet shaper is not sufficiently powerful to provide
both the larger feeds and the heavy ram cutting force
simultaneously. Therefore, the potentially greater
productivity of larger feeds may be offset by having to
operate at slower ram speeds.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries, accounting in each case for an extremely
small percentage of machine tool output.
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Machine Tools
Rubles:
23,650
Dollars:
76,395
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.31
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Length
3,000
3,048
102
Width
900
940
104
Height
1,000
1,118
112
Maximum workpiece weight (kg)
4,500
19,241
428
Table Speed (m/min)
4-90
3.05-91.4
76-102
Range
86
88.35
103
Tool head feed per table double stroke (mm)
0.25-25
0.13-25.4
52-102
Range
24.75
25.27
102
Maximum traction force on rack (kgf) '
7,000
16,308
233
Power of the main drive (kW)
75
74.5
99
Weight (kg)
27,500
22,197
81
' Kilograms of force: the maximum force which can be applied
to a linear gear called the rack.
Function Representativeness
Planers are designed to machine flat surfaces on large This item is more representative of Soviet production.
and heavy workpieces. Double-housing planers have Only a handful of planers were produced in the United
two vertical columns which support a cross rail. States in 1972; several hundred were produced in the
Cutting heads are located on each column and on the USSR in 1967.
cross rail. In operation, the table and workpiece are
reciprocated past the cutting tools.
Comparability
The US and Soviet planers are similar in function. The
US analog, however, can handle larger and heavier
workpieces. The rack on the US model can withstand a
much greater traction force than that of the Soviet
model. With a sturdier rack, the US planer probably
can support deeper cuts than the Soviet model at lowest
table speeds.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 8,100
Dollars: 36,605
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .22
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum spur gear diameter (mm)
320
203
63
Table diameter (mm)
260
165
63
Table rapid traverse (mm/min)
460
2,000
435
Power of the main drive (kW)
7.5
7.5
100
Weight (kg)
5,150
5,472
106
Function
Representativeness
Gear bobbing machines have a cylindrical shaped
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
cutting tool, called a hob, which cuts several teeth
Although gear-cutting equipment is widely used in the
simultaneously as the gear blank is rotated past it.
United States, relatively few gear hobbers of this size
are produced, probably about 100 to 125 in 1972. The
Comparability
USSR, on the other hand, is believed to have produced
The Soviet model can machine substantially larger
gear hobbers in much larger quantities in the late
diameter gears than can the US analog. However, the
Soviet model does not have sufficient weight or power
to make heavy cuts on larger diameter parts. In
practice, the Soviet model probably machines parts in
the size range of the US analog. The table speed on the
US analog (rapid traverse) is more than four times
that of the Soviet model, but on this size of gear hobber
table traverse speed has little effect on productivity.
1960s.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
(Woodworking and Sawmill Equipment)
Rubles: 600
Dollars: 2,867
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .21
Specifications: USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Number of blades
Maximum diameter of saw blade (mm)
Maximum width of board sawn (mm)
Maximum thickness of board sawn (mm)
Power feed
Power of electric motor (kW)
Weight (kg)
Function
Circular crosscut saws of this type are simple cutoff
saws used in lumber yards, cabinet shops, and other
moderate-scale production applications.
1
1
100
500
508
102
500
508
102
120
152
127
No
No
-
3.2
3.73
117
450
634
141
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Circular crosscut saws are manufactured on a large
scale in the United States, but the manual-feed models
like those described here have been replaced in large
part either by heavy-duty power-feed industrial saws
or by multipurpose radial arm saws with adjustable
rather than fixed miter and bevel angles. Less than a
dozen of the US model was produced annually in the
early 1970s. The Soviet model probably was produced
in significantly larger quantities in the late 1960s.
Comparability
The US analog appears to be able to saw through a
thicker board, but such may not actually be the case.
Unless there is a design characteristic not apparent
from available information, the Soviet model, with a
blade similar in size to that of the US model, should be
able to saw through a board of similar thickness. That
there is a difference in the data suggests that the Soviet
saw may be rated on a basis that is more conservative
than simple clearance for the motor, which is the basis
for the figure on the US saw.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
UNCLASSIFIED
The following should be substituted as indicated in
Volume I, USSR and the United States: Price Ratios for
Machinery, 1967 Rubles - 1972 Dollars, ER 80-10410 dated
September 1980.
Page Location
Change
49 First paragraph
line 7 and 18 Table 14 Table 14A
line 19 and 20 Tabulation Table 14B
Second paragraph
line 1 Tabulation Table 14B
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
(Woodworking and Sawmill Equipment)
Tsennik 30 (73); 133
5,420
38,216
.14
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
2,800
3,048
109
1,200'
1,219
102
150
152
101
160
191
119
Maximum height of tenon shoulder
40
76
190
Maximum depth of slot
125
127
102
Number of saws
2
2
100
Number of cutting heads
6
6
100
Range of feed speeds (m/min)
2.5-10
6.1-18.3
244-183
Power of electric motors (kW)
24.7
32.8
133
Weight (kg)
3,858
6,349
165
' Appears as 200 millimeters in Soviet sources, but photographs
and other dimensions of the unit suggest that the measurement
more likely is 1,200 millimeters.
Function
Double-end tenoning machines are used primarily in
the furniture industry to trim and finish two ends of a
part simultaneously, cut single or multiple dados at
various locations along the part, and perform a variety
of specialty operations such as coping, scoring, sand-
ing, and shaping.
Comparability
The US analog, with its more powerful motor and
faster feed capability, is a more productive unit than
the Soviet. The US machine also can be adapted to
perform more complex operations than those per-
formed by the Soviet machine, which helps to explain
its greater weight and sturdiness and relatively high
price.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Most US double-end tenoning machines are larger,
more powerful, and more versatile than the Soviet
model. No more than a half dozen of the US analog
was produced annually in the early 1970s. The Soviet
model probably was produced in significantly larger
quantities in the late 1960s.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
(Woodworking and Sawmill Equipment)
Rubles:
7,650
Dollars:
32,966
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.23
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Size of stock that can be worked (mm)
Length (minimum)
200
203
102
Width (maximum)
100
102
102
Thickness (maximum
50
102
204
Feed speeds (m/min)
3-30
6.1-48.8
203-163
Number of spindles
5
5
100
Speed of cutting head (rpm)
6,000
6,000
100
Power of electric motors (kW)
Spindles
16.6
17.54
106
Feed mechanism
1.6
3.73
233
Current transformer
17.5
33
189
3,800
4,988
131
Function
Four-side planing machines (called "moulders" in the
United States when they are of the size being
considered here) are used to make mouldings in a
variety of shapes and sizes from previously planed
boards.
Comparability
The US analog is the more productive of the two
models. The Soviet machine may be conservatively
rated with respect to the thickness of the stock that can
be worked and, thus, a closer match than the data
indicate, but the greater speed at which stock can be
fed into the US unit clearly gives it an edge in
performance. The higher feed speed of the US analog
is a reflection of the more powerful motor controlling
that operation. Typically in woodworking machines,
the US analog is heavier than its foreign counterpart,
which adds to its sturdiness and precision.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
There is not a great demand in the United States for
new moulders of this size. They are so durable and
expensive that old ones often are rebuilt. Only a few of
the US model were produced annually in the early
1970s. The Soviet model probably was produced in
significantly larger quantities in the late 1960s.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
(Woodworking and Sawmill Equipment)
Rubles:
903
Dollars:
4,938
Ruble-Dollars Ratio:
.18
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Distance between centers (mm)
1,600
1,524
95
Maximum diameter of stock that can be worked (mm)
Without work rest
Over bed
420
406.4
In gap of bed
600
No Gap
With work rest'
250
330
132
Number of spindle speeds
8
8
100
Range of spindle speeds (rpm)
250-2,500
83-3,000
33-120
Power of electric motor (kW)
1.5
2.24
149
Weight (kg)
775
1,269
164
'The Soviet model has a simple sliding work rest for the hand-
held cutting tool as standard equipment. The work rest that is
standard on the US model is an expensive compound crossfeed
and swivel tool support post. For this study, a simple work rest
of the type on the Soviet model has been substituted for the complex
work rest on the US model.
Function
Wood turning lathes of this size are typically used in
small-scale or one-of-a-kind operations for making
table legs and similar items.
Comparability
The greater range of spindle speeds makes the US
analog more versatile than the Soviet model. Without a
gap in the bed, the US lathe cannot handle special
cases of extrawide stock as the Soviet can, but a gap in
the bed on a lathe this small is not considered a very
useful feature in the United States. The significantly
greater weight and sturdiness of the US analog is
typical of US vis-a-vis foreign woodworking
machinery.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The United States no longer makes many lathes of this
size. Most US lathes that are functionally similar to
the Soviet model are actually much smaller and are
used by vocational schools, model makers, and
hobbyists. US lathes used to make table legs and
similar items generally are much larger and include
auxiliary rotary cutters to shape the workpiece. Only a
few of the US model were produced annually in the
early 1970s. The Soviet model, a workhorse model in
the late 1960s, probably was produced in significantly
larger numbers.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
(Woodworking and Sawmill Equipment)
Saw gate clearance (mm)
Saw gate stroke (mm)
Diameter of log that can be sawn (mm) '
Power of electric motor (kW)
Weight (kg)
' Blades generally are set for logs that are about 150 millimeters
less than the maximum width that can be sawn in order to
allow for crooked logs and those with branch stubs.
Rubles:
7,330
Dollars:
22,221
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.33
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
630
584
93
410
457
111
400
406
102
60
45
75
6,610
6,803
103
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. Saws of this type have never been as
popular in the US as circular saws, apparently because
the plentiful supply of timber never imposed a strict
requirement to cut down on the amount of a log that
goes into sawdust. They have always been more
popular in Europe and the European part of the USSR
where timber is less plentiful. Less than a half-dozen of
all sizes of saws of this type were produced annually in
the United States in the early 1970s. Production in the
USSR in the late 1960s, though not large, probably
exceeded that of the United States.
Function
Sawmill log frames (called "sash gang saws" in the
United States) are used to saw logs or cants (logs
which have been cut flat on two or more sides) into
boards. They give a smoother finish to boards than
does a circular saw. Because they have thinner blades
than circular saws, they also waste less wood (turn less
into sawdust) and, therefore, often are used to saw the
more expensive hardwoods.
Comparability
Although the Soviet saw has a greater saw gate
clearance, it may be rated more conservatively than
the US analog with respect to the diameter of logs that
can be sawn; a greater allowance may have been made
for crooked logs and logs with branch stubs. Automatic
adjustment of the angle of approach of the saw blades
for different feed speeds is standard on the US saw but
not on the Soviet. The cost of this expensive feature,
therefore, has been deducted from the price of the US
analog. The automatic adjustment optimizes the cut-
ting rate and minimizes the probability of damage
caused by inexperienced operators.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Machine Tools
(Woodworking and Sawmill Equipment)
Rubles:
15,270
Dollars:
45,350
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.34
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Saw gate clearance (mm)
750
812
108
Saw gate stroke (mm)
600
610
102
Diameter of log that can be sawn (mm)'
650
610
94
Power of electric motor (kW)
90-100
150
167-150
Weight (kg)
16,800
14,739
88
' Blades generally are set for logs that are about 150 millimeters
less than the maximum width that can be sawn in order to allow
for crooked logs and those with branch stubs.
Function
Sawmill log frames (called "sash gang saws" in the
United States) are used to saw logs or cants (logs
which have been cut flat on two or more sides) into
boards. They give a smoother finish to boards than
does a circular saw. Because they have thinner blades
than circular saws, they also waste less wood (turn less
into sawdust) and, therefore, often are used to saw the
more expensive hardwoods.
Comparability
The Soviet saw is a somewhat larger unit than the US
analog and can handle logs of greater diameter. The
more powerful motor on the US model would, however,
permit faster rates and give it an edge in performance
in sawing those logs up to 610 millimeters in diameter.
Automatic adjustment of the angle of approach of the
saw blades for different feed speeds is standard on the
US saw but not on the Soviet saw. The cost of this
expensive feature, therefore, has been deducted from
the price of the US analog. The automatic adjustment
optimizes the cutting rate and minimizes the probabil-
ity of damage caused by inexperienced operators.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. Saws of this type have never been as
popular in the United States as circular saws, appar-
ently because the plentiful supply of timber never
imposed a strict requirement to cut down on the
amount of a log that goes into sawdust. They have
always been more popular in Europe and the European
part of the USSR where timber is less plentiful. Less
than a half-dozen of all sizes of saws of this type were
produced annually in the United States in the early
1970s. Production in the USSR in the late 1960s,
though not large, probably exceeded that of the United
States.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery and
Equipment
Rubles:
7,230
Dollars:
21,534
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.34
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated capacity (tons)
100
99
99
Stroke of slide (mm)
130
152
117
Slide strokes per minute
80
85
106
Size of bed (mm)
Left to right
850
1,067
126
Front to back
560
686
122
Power of the main drive (kW)
10
7.5
75
Weight (kg)
9,000
12,684
141
Function
Open-back inclinable (OBI) presses are used for
stamping out a variety of small parts such as brackets
and hinges. Single action means that the machine has
only one moving slide acting against a fixed bed.
Comparability
The Soviet and US presses have virtually the same
rated capacity. The US analog, however, has more
slide strokes per minute and in continuous operation
would be more productive. In addition, the larger table
of the US analog enables it to use larger dies and to
produce slightly larger parts. Because of its larger
table, the US analog is substantially heavier. Although
the Soviet model is limited to smaller parts, it may
accept heavier gauge metal because of the smaller
table size and greater horsepower.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of US
production. OBI presses represented by these particu-
lar models are produced in small quantities in both
countries, probably on the order of 20 to 25 annually.
However, total US production of OBI presses probably
is greater than that of the USSR because of a
preference in the United States for stamping parts
from sheet metal.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
2,030
Dollars:
12,707
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.16
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated capacity (tons)
25
29
116
Strokes per minute
120
130
108
Size of bed (mm)
500
533
107
340
355
104
3.75
3.0
80
2,250
2,950
131
Function
Open-back inclinable (OBI) punch presses are used
primarily to punch holes in sheet metal.
Comparability
The US analog has a higher rated capacity, a larger
bed, and more weight and rigidity. In continuous
operation, the US analog, with 8 percent more slide
strokes per minute, would be slightly more productive
than the Soviet press. The difference in the power to
the main drive is not significant since US motors tend
to be rated conservatively.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries, production of OBI presses being rather high
in each case. The US model is batch produced. The
Soviet model may be serially produced.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 26,220
Dollars: 65,833
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .40
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated capacity (tons)'
315
270
86
Standard stroke of slide (mm)
200
203
102
Slide strokes per minute
32
32
100
Size of bed (mm)
Left to right
1,000
914
91
Front to back
1,000
1,067
107
Power of the main drive (kW)
40
37
92
Weight (kg)
30,000
37,146
124
' A measure of the pressure generated at or near the bottom
of the slide stroke.
Function
Straight-sided mechanical presses of 200 to 800-ton
capacity stamp out a wide variety of parts from thin
sheet metal. They are used for parts that are produced
in high volume, such as parts for consumer goods.
Comparability
The US analog has a smaller rated capacity and a
slightly smaller bed, but the differences are not
significant.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Presses of this type are more common in the United
States because of its relatively larger consumer goods
sector. Few of them were produced in the USSR in
1967. In the United States they are batch produced.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
146,850
Dollars:
373,928
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.39
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated capacity (tons)
800
720
90
Maximum stroke of slide (mm)
800
800
100
Slide strokes per minute
15
15
100
Function
Straight-sided mechanical presses in the 800-ton range
stamp a wide variety of parts from sheet metal. They
are widely used by the automotive and truck industries.
Comparability
The US analog has a 10 percent smaller rated capacity
and a smaller bed, but the differences are not
significant. Since US motors are conservatively rated,
the power actually available to the main drive probably
is much closer to the Soviet specification than is
indicated. The Soviet model is much heavier but may
not have a corresponding advantage in rigidity. The
US analog is more modern, reflecting construction
design that is intended to increase rigidity while
reducing weight.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production,
although straight-sided mechanical presses are widely
used by industry in both countries. However, the
United States probably produces more presses of this
type since automotive production is considerably
greater in the United States than in the USSR. This
particular US model is batch produced. The Soviet
model is serially produced.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
240,350
Dollars:
329,908
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.73
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated capacity (tons)
2,000
1,800
90
Maximum stroke of slide (mm)
1,600
1,600
100
Working strokes per minute
10
10
100
Size of bed (mm)
Left to right
2,000
4,000
200
Front to back
4,000
2,000
50
Weight (kg)
300,000
203,850
68
Function Representativeness
Hydraulic forming presses are used to form parts out This item is representative of production in both
of heavy sheet metal or light plate. countries and produced in small quantities in both
countries.
Comparability
The US analog has a 10 percent smaller rated
capacity, but the difference is not significant. Despite
the difference in weight, the US press probably has
comparable rigidity. The US press is more modern and
reflects a construction that is designed to reduce the
weight and to maintain the rigidity in large presses.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 6,430
Dollars: 28,416
Ruble-Dollar Ration: .23
Us.
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Nominal falling weight (kg)
400
340
85
Maximum stroke of ram (mm)
700
685
98
Blows per minute
130
115
88
Power of the main drive (kW)
28
29.8
106
Weight without anvil (kg)
8,700
9,989
115
Function Representativeness
Forging hammers are used in low volume production to This item is more representative of Soviet production.
forge small parts such as gear blanks. The US analog is produced on order. The Soviet model
probably is serially produced and in larger quantities
Comparability than in the United States.
The Soviet model may be more productive than the US
analog, since it has a 15 percent larger falling weight, a
slightly longer stroke, and is capable of more blows per
minute. The US analog has more power and weight,
but the differences probably are not significant.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Item Number 88
Rubles: 6,420
Dollars: 15,641
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .41
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Thickness
12.5
12.7
102
Width
2,000
1,930
96
Knife strokes per minute
30
30
100
Power of the main drive (kW)
14
29.8
213
Weight (kg)
9,000
10,000
111
Function Representativeness
Eccentric shears are used to cut sheet metal. They can This item is representative of production in both
be actuated mechanically, hydraulically, or countries.
pneumatically.
Comparability
Both models cut virtually the same sized sheets. Both
have the same speed. The US analog is more than twice
as powerful because it is hydraulically driven; hydrau-
lic units require substantially more power to operate
than mechnical units.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Forging-Pressing Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
3,860
Dollars:
40,740
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.09
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum diameter of wire (mm)
8
8
100
Maximum length of wire (mm)
65
66
102
Strokes per minute
180
350
194
Parts per minute
90
175
194
Power of the main drive (kW)
7
7.5
107
Weight (kg)
2,700
5,210
193
Function Representativeness
Heading machines cut wire from a coil and form the This item is representative of production in both
resulting blanks into parts such as nails, bolts, and countries. The US model is produced in small batches.
rivets. The Soviet model may also be batch produced.
Comparability
The diameter and length of wire that can be handled,
as well as the power of the main drive, are closely
comparable. However, strokes per minute, the key
measure of productivity, is nearly twice as large for the
US analog as for the Soviet model. The US analog
weighs nearly twice as much as the Soviet model,
probably to provide the additional rigidity needed to
support the higher production rates.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Casting Machinery and Equipment
Rubles:
3,696
Dollars:
13,480
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.27
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum weight of core made (kg)
10
Similar
100
Productivity (cycles/hr)
150-200
Similar
100
Maximum size of core boxes (mm)
Length
550
533
97
Height
325
337
104
Horizontal and vertical core box joints
Yes
Yes
-
Travel of table (mm)
255
Similar
100
Operating pressure (kg/cm ')
7
8.4
120
Function Representativeness
Core blowers of this type are used in foundries to make The representativeness of this item cannot be judged.
sand cores for incorporation into sand molds. Cores are The United States probably made less than two dozen
placed in the mold in order to provide cavities in the annually in the early 1970s. The number produced in
casting. the USSR in the late 1960s is unknown.
Comparability
With its higher operating pressure, the US analog
should be able to produce a harder and better quality
core. In actual use, the US analog probably would be
fitted with a roller table which would improve its
productivity.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Casting Machinery and Equipment
Locking
130
136
105
Injection
13
5.5
42
Rubles:
6,174
Dollars:
29,870
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.21
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Productivity (cycles/hr)
120
NA
Molding chamber of the cold horizontal type
Yes
Yes
Locking mechanism of the lever type
Yes
Maximum pressure (tons)
Function
Die-casting machines are used to make castings of
aluminum, magnesium, zinc, lead, copper, and their
alloys when a minimum of trimming is desired and
when the number of parts required is large or the parts
are to be made over a long production run.
Comparability
The Soviet model is the more productive of the two.
Productivity, however, is reflected not only in the size
of the parts that can be produced but also in the
number of casts per hour. The latter information is not
given for the US analog because the manufacturer
stated that for this type of machine productivity is as
much a function of the skill of the operator as of the
machine's characteristics. Assuming that the operat-
ing cycle of the US machine is equal to that of the
Soviet, the Soviet machine would still be about one-
third more productive in total weight of castings made
because it makes larger parts. The capability of the
Soviet machine to make larger parts is directly related
to its larger electric motor.
Representativeness
The representativeness of this item cannot be judged.
The value of all die-casting machines produced in
the United States in 1972 (no unit figure is available)
was only about two-thirds of the value of those pro-
duced in 1967, when about 380 units were made.
The number produced in the USSR in the late 1960s
is unknown.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Tools and Dies
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Chain speed (m/sec)
7.3
12.42
170
Length of cut (cm)
40
35.56
89
Power of electric motor (kW)
1.7
1.5
88
Weight (kg)
9.5
4.3
45
Function
Electric chain saws are used to fell trees in forestry
operations using portable engine-driven generators or
by homeowners for tree care on small properties or for
cutting of firewood. Several saws can be plugged in to
one portable generator.
Comparability
The US analog is the more productive of the two saws,
both because its faster chain speed permits faster
cutting and because its much lighter weight would be
less tiring for the operator.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Electric models enjoy a certain popularity among
homeowners in the United States because they are
cheaper than gasoline-powered models, but the re-
quirement for a handy place to plug in is a major
restriction on their use. They are far more popular,
however, in the USSR than in the United States in
commercial forestry.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
(Computers)
Rubles:
1,275,690
Dollars:
996,438
Ruble-Dollar Ration:
1.28
Specifications: USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Speed (operations/sec) 500,000
NA'
-
Memory size (000 bits) 32
32
100
Memory cycle time (microsec)' 2
1
50
Magnetic drum capacity (000 characters) 2,100
4,100
195
Card reader speed (cards/min) 600
1,200
200
Card punch speed (cards/min) 100
250
250
Printer speed (lines/min) 400
1,200
300
' Equivalent or greater. US manufacturers typically do not provide
this measure for their computers, since the operating speed depends
entirely upon the particular problem being carried out and can
vary widely.
Function
This item is a large digital computer designed for
scientific/ engineering calculations.
Comparability
Some BESM-6 execution speeds (for example, addi-
tion) are faster than those of the US machine. How-
ever, the US analog has a much faster memory, a
significantly greater magnetic drum capacity, and a
much faster printer. Hence, the US analog has a
superior performance overall.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production
even though the BESM-6 is a hand-made machine
produced in very small numbers. The US model is built
in larger quantities than the BESM-6, but is only a
small fraction of US output. The US model is highly
unrepresentative of US production in 1972. A more
normal configuration in the US would include mag-
netic discs for external data storage.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
(Computers)
Tsennik: 17 (73); 412
Speed (lines/min)
Characters per line'
' Letter or number
Function
Line printers are devices that print out information
from the computer. A complete line of print is
produced at one time.
Comparability
The US analog is slower than the Soviet model.
Rubles: 11,330
Dollars: 25,915
Rubles-Dollar Ratio: .44
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
400 300 75
128 136 106
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The Soviet printer was produced in very large numbers
and utilized on most of the Soviet computer models
during the late 1960s. The US printer, although not
produced in large numbers, is typical of the type of
printers used with small computers in 1972. However,
most printers produced in the United States had far
greater speeds.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
25,540
Dollars:
49,793
Ruble-Dollar Ration:
.51
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Magnification (times)
200,000
200,000
100
Specimen size, diameter (mm)
3
3
100
' The ability to distinguish two objects in close proximity as separate
objects.
2 The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function Representativeness
Electron microscopes are used to provide visible This item is more representative of Soviet production.
images of extremely small items. The US model is only available on special order. Most
electron microscopes used in the United States are
Comparability imported from Japan or the Netherlands.
The US analog provides superior performance. Al-
though both the Soviet and US items accept the same
sized specimen and can magnify a specimen to the
same maximum degree, the US analog has greater
resolving power. Thus, for a given level of magnifica-
tion, the US analog will permit the observer to see an
object with greater clarity than the Soviet model.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Rubles: 970
Dollars: 2,715
Ruble-Dollar Ration: .36
Scale division (seconds of arc)
USSR US Difference
(US as Percent of USSR)
Fine scale' 0.25 0.1 40
Coarse scale 15.0 1.0 7
Measurement range (minutes of arc)
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the quality.
Function Representativeness
Autocollimators are precision optical instruments de- This item is representative of production in both
signed to detect or measure small angular displace- countries.
ments. A common use is measuring the straightness
and alignment of machined surfaces.
Comparability
The US analog has far greater measurement range
than the Soviet model. Within this range, the US
unit also has a more closely spaced scale which
permits significantly more accurate measurements.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 1,100
Dollars: 4,862
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .23
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Optical subsystem z
Magnification (number of times)
Total system
600
600
100
Visual with transmitted light
460
200
43
Wavelengths (microns)
0.8-1.3
0.8-1.2
100-92
I A measure of the detail which can be observed in an image.
The poorer the resolution, the more blurred and distorted the
image.
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the resolution.
Computed.
Function
Infrared microscopes of this type are similar in design
to conventional optical microscopes but operate in a
region of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human
eye cannot detect. They are used to make visible and
magnify an infrared image of an object. They operate
by converting the infrared image into an optical image,
with an image converter, and magnifying the optical
image with an optical microscope. A common use is to
identify the location of localized hot spots in
semiconductor devices.
Comparability
Both models operate on the same wavelengths and
have the same degree of magnification for the total
system. However, a corresponding parameter on total
system resolution for the Soviet model, which is needed
to make the specification on magnification meaning-
ful, is missing. High magnification is of little value if
the image is badly distorted. It has been possible to
compute the resolution for the optical subsystem, and
the US analog is seen to have a significantly greater
capability.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries, although probably produced in small
quantities in each case. Infrared microscopes of this
type are used in both countries for research and
development in semiconductor industries.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Velocity measurement range (m/sec)
Velocity accuracy (m/sec)'
Direction measurement range (?)
Direction accuracy (?)'
Time of drum revolution (hours)
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the quality.
Function
Wind recorders are used to record wind velocity and
direction.
Comparability
The ranges of wind velocity and direction measured by
the two units are comparable. The accuracy of the US
analog is superior for both types of measurements. A
major difference is in the length of the recording
period: the Soviet unit provides a record for one day
only; the US analog operates for one month.
Rubles:
571
Dollars:
815
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.70
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1-40
1-44.7
100-112
?0.5
?0.22
44
0-360
0-360
100
?11.25
?3.6
32
26
744
2,862
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. They are widely used by weather bureaus.
The Soviet model is equivalent to US models produced
in the 1950s.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Rubles: 53
Dollars: 388
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .14
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the quality.
Function Representativeness
Aneroid barometers are used for measuring atmos- This item is representative of production in both
pheric pressure. They can be used for checking countries.
meterological instruments or altimeters.
Comparability
The Soviet and US items have a similar range of
measurement. The US analog is substantially more
accurate.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Rubles: 60
Dollars: 389
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .15
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Error (?C) ' ? 1 ?0.5 50
Number of Sensors 10 10 100
The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the quality.
Function Representativeness
Thermometers of this type are used for measuring soil This item is representative of production in both
temperature and, thus, are widely used in agricultural countries.
applications. They employ 10 temperature sensors
which are cable-connected to an indicator unit.
Comparability
Each unit employs the same number of sensors and
operates over about the same temperature range. The
US analog gives measurements that are twice as
accurate as the Soviet model.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Accuracy (percent)
Scale length (mm)
Frequency
Rubles:
56
Dollars:
476
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.12
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1-2; 5-10;
25-50; 50-100
1-5; 2-10;
10-50;
20- 100;
100-500
0.5
0.5
100
17
16
94
DC and 50 Hz
AC
-
Function
Milliammeters are used for low level electrical current
measurements.
Comparability
The Soviet unit does not operate continuously over
its range of 1 to 100 milliamperes. Apparently,
it cannot measure between 2 and 5 or between
10 and 25 milliamperes. This deficiency would se-
riously limit its usefulness. The US analog operates
continuously and over a wider range of currents.
On the other hand, the ratio between the highest
and lowest current on each scale is 2:1 for the
Soviet unit and 5:1 for the US unit. Since scale
length is about the same, it would appear that
the Soviet model can be read with greater precision.
Finally, the two units are based on different principles
of operation. The Soviet model uses an electrodynamic
technique which protects against overloads and im-
proves mechanical ruggedness. The US model uses
a thermal technique which provides the capability
for operation at higher frequencies.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
The US analog is a general-purpose device. The
discontinuous measurement range of the Soviet model
suggests that it may be a special design for a
specific end use.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Rubles:
152
Dollars:
800
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.19
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
49-51
48-52
45-55
45-55
100
Accuracy for 45 to 55 Hz (percent)
?2.5
?2
80
Change in reading caused by 400 amperes/meter
Magnetic field (percent)
Unshielded
?2.5
None
-
Shielded
?0.5
None
-
Change in reading per 10 ?C (percent)
2.5
None
-
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better the
quality.
Function Representativeness
These meters are used to generate a chart showing This item is representative of production in both
variations in powerline frequency over time. They countries.
are used extensively in industrial and electric power
generating facilities.
Comparability
Both units operate over the same frequency range
with about the same accuracy. The Soviet unit
has the added capability of being able to expand
the 48 to 52 Hz and 49 to 51 Hz subranges
to full scale, which permits greater precision of
reading. In contrast to the Soviet unit, the US
analog is unaffected by changes in temperature
or the presence of a magnetic field.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1,10,100 1,10,
100,1000
Accuracy (percent) 1 10 2 20
' At maximum range.
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function Representativeness
Luxmeters are used to measure low-level light This item is representative of production in both
intensity. countries.
Comparability
Both models use photosensitive detectors which gener-
ate a voltage proportional to the intensity of the light
falling on them. The greater range and better accuracy
of the US analog are due to its silicon detectors. The
Soviet model uses selenium detectors.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles: 858
Dollars: 3,038
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .28
Sensitivity (mm/mv)
Horizontal sweep rate (mm/sec)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Function
These units are used to provide visual displays repre-
senting the voltages generated by heart muscles. They
are used in research, diagnosis, and intensive care
applications.
Comparability
The US analog is much more sensitive, permitting
display of weaker signals. The sweep rate is much
faster, allowing detailed examination of phenomena of
short duration. The US unit also has many additional
features, not listed above, for manipulation of the data
into other useful formats. It also has a fourth channel
to display a heart sound signal.
25/100
25/1,000
100/1,000
75
975
1,300
AC- 1,000
AC- 1,000
100
3
41
133
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In the United States, manufacturers often combine
several other functions within an electrocardioscope or
produce an instrument capable of monitoring several
patients at one time.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Rubles:
259
Dollars:
325
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.80
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
DC voltage measurement: voltages (volts)
0.3-1,000
.0015-1,500
-
Range (approximate, in volts)
1,000
1,500
150
Subranges (number)
8
17
212
Accuracy (percent)
?2.5
? 1.5
60'
AC voltage measurement: voltages (volts)
1-1,000
.0015-1,500
-
Range (approximate, in volts)
1,000
1,500
150
Subranges (number)
7
17
243
Accuracy (percent) 1
See below
See below
-
Maximum frequency (MHz)
700
1,000
143
Resistance:
Range (ohms)
101-10'
10'-101,
1,000
Subranges (number)
7
4
57
Accuracy (percent)
? 2.5-4
? 1.5
'
Maximum temperature variation for rated accuracy (?C)
10
35
350
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the quality.
1 Accuracy varies in a complex way depending upon the level
of voltage and the frequency. In each case the US analog
is more accurate.
' The accuracy of the Soviet unit varies with subrange.
Function Representativeness
The Soviet unit is a general-purpose electronic instru- This item is more representative of US production. The
ment for measuring AC and DC voltage as well as US analog is a fairly modern design, while the Soviet
electrical resistance (ohms). The US unit has these model is outmoded.
capabilities and also can measure AC and DC current,
the ratio between two voltages, and the difference
between two voltages.
Comparability
The US instrument is capable of measuring all
parameters covered by the Soviet unit and with better
accuracy. The measurement ranges and frequency
rating of the US analog exceed those of the Soviet
model. The US model can make additional types of
measurements and is less affected by temperature
variations.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Precision Instruments
Rubles:
286
Dollars:
578
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.49
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Output power
0.5
2.5
500
Frequencies (KHz)
0.02-200
0.005-500
25-250
Range (approximate)
200
500
250
Frequency drift (percent) '
0.0015
0.0005
33
Harmonic distortion (percent)
Below 5 KHz'
0.3
0.1
33
Above 5 KHz'
0.7-3'
0.3
43-10
Weight (kg)
30
6.35
21
The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better
the quality.
' Distortion of the Soviet unit varies with frequency.
Function Representativeness
These oscillators are variable frequency sources of This item is representative of production in both
electrical signals. They are used to generate test signals countries.
in the design, repair, and maintenance of electronic
equipment.
Comparability
The US analog is superior to the Soviet model in all
performance parameters. In the range of frequencies,
the most important performance characteristic, the
analog is superior by a factor of more than two. The
frequency drift of the US model is lower, giving a more
stable signal, and the generated signal is much freer of
distortion.
106
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
1,030
Dollars:
1,275
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.81
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Bandwidth (MHz)
DC-5
DC-6
120
Sensitivity (mw/cm)' 2
16.6
15.75
95
Maximum sweep rate (microsec/cm) 2
66
0.79
1
Ability to detect a weak signal.
2 The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
Function Representativeness
Oscilloscopes are used to provide a visual display of the This item is more representative of Soviet production.
variation in an electrical signal as a function of time. Production of oscilloscopes in the United States is
more heavily weighted toward models with much wider
Comparability bandwidths.
The difference in bandwidth of the US and Soviet units
is minor from a functional point of view. Sensitivity is
about the same for both models. The US analog is
considerably superior in terms of maximum sweep
rate, which would give it a better capability to analyze
events of short duration.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
391
Dollars:
990
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.39
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Frequencies (MHz)
7.7-10.7
8.2-11.0
106-103
Range
3.0
2.8
93
Error (percent)'
0.05
0.01
20
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function Representativeness
Frequency meters of this type are used for checking This item is representative of production in both
and calibrating frequencies of standard signal gener- countries.
ators and other microwave electronic equipment.
Comparability
The US and Soviet units operate over a similar
frequency range. However, the US analog is five times
more accurate than the Soviet model. The Soviet item
has a capability for measuring power which the US
item lacks. US designers do not combine frequency
and power measurements in the same design, appar-
ently due to a difference in design philosophy.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Rubles:
726
Dollars:
1,484
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.49
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Frequency range (MHz)
Coaxial input'
0.15-5.6
0.01-10
7-179
Range
5.45
9.99
183
5.6-16.7
5.3-18
95-108
Range
11.1
12.7
114
Power (mw)
0.15-7.5
0.1-10
67-133
Range
7.35
9.9
135
Accuracy (percent)
10
1
10
' High frequency electrical signals normally are transmitted
from point to point in electronic equipment either through coaxial
cables or waveguides. Coaxial cable is two-conductor cable in
which one conductor is in the form of a cylinder surrounding
the second central conductor. A waveguide consists of a hollow
metallic tube. To be of general use, test equipment operating
at such high frequencies must be able to make connections
both to coaxial cables and to waveguides.
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function Representativeness
These meters are used for the measurement of This item is representative of production in both
electrical power over a wide range of frequencies. They countries.
use a variety of sensing units, each with its own
frequency characteristic and type of input (coaxial or
waveguide) which are connected to an indicating unit.
Comparability
The two units are similar in frequency range for
waveguide input as well as power measuring
capability. The US analog is 10 times more accurate
and has nearly twice the frequency range for coaxial
input.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Oil Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Method of drilling
Maximum drilling depth with 115-mm pipe (m)
Maximum hook load (tons)
Main drive capacity (kW)
Diameter of rotary table opening (mm)
Slush pumps:
Hydraulic capacity (kW)
Maximum swivel load capacity (tons)
Maximum traveling block capacity (tons)
Maximum rotary hook capacity (tons)
Maximum crown block capacity (tons)
Power of diesel-generator units (kW)
Weight (tons)
Function
Oil drilling rigs of this size are used for drilling
exploratory and development oil wells to a depth of
approximately 3 kilometers.
Rubles:
243,123
Dollars:
686,648
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.35
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rotary
Rotary
-
2,800
3,658
131
140
181
129
1,000
1,045
104
560
571
102
332
369
111
160
181
113
140
181
129
140
136
97
185
181
98
200
200
100
258
221
86
Representativeness
The representativeness of this item is uncertain. The
Soviet model is a standard workhorse unit among four
or five designed to drill to depths of about 3,000
meters. Several hundred complete exploratory and
development drilling rigs are manufactured annually.
Probably no more than 50 of this particular model are
produced each year. US rigs generally are custom built
to the purchaser's order from a collection of standard
components.
Comparability
The Soviet and US rigs are fairly comparable,
although the US analog, despite its 14 percent lighter
weight, can drill to a greater depth and can lift a higher
weight of drill string. The greater Soviet weight is
typical of Soviet rigs in which structural components
and pumps are generally more massive than those
produced in the United States.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Oil Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Method of drilling
Maximum drilling depth with 115-mm pipe (mm)
Maximum hook load (tons)
Main drive capacity (kW)
Diameter of rotary table opening (mm)
Slush pumps:
Hydraulic capacity (kW)
Maximum swivel load capacity (tons)
Maximum traveling block capacity (tons)
Maximum crown block capacity (tons)
Power of diesel-generator units (kW)
Weight (tons)
Function
Oil drilling rigs of this size are used for drilling
exploratory and development oil wells to a depth
of approximately 4 kilometers.
Comparability
The Soviet and US rigs appear to be similar in
performance. The US analog is about 25 percent
lighter than the Soviet model but can handle greater
weights of drill string. The greater Soviet weight
is typical of Soviet rigs in which structural components
and pumps are generally more massive than those
produced in the United States.
Rubles:
263,383
Dollars:
823,525
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rotary
Rotary
-
4,000
4,000
100
160
272
170
1,680
1,740
104
520
522
100
373
504
135
160
272
170
125
272
218
125
272
218
200
200
100
334
252
75
Representativeness
The representativeness of this item is uncertain.
The Soviet model is one of four standard rigs
designed to drill to depths of 4,000 meters. No
published data are available on the annual output.
Probably no more than 10 to 20 were manufactured
annually in the late 1960s. US rigs generally are
custom built to the purchaser's order from a collection
of standard components.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Oil Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
48,050
Dollars:
226,046
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.21
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Diameter (mm)
2,800
2,800
100
Height (m)
23
23
100
Pressure (kg/cm')
40
40
100
Number of trays
10-15
10-15
100
Weight (tons)
81
100
123
Function
Absorbers are used in refineries to obtain petroleum
derivatives. Heated petroleum vapors rise to the top of
the absorber, passing through the trays. As the vapors
cool, different petroleum derivatives condense out at
different levels and collect in the trays.
Comparability
The US analog has been matched to Soviet perform-
ance specifications by a US manufacturer. The specifi-
cations are quite limited, however, and operating
requirements may differ widely depending upon the
use. The lower weight of the Soviet absorber is in
contrast to normally bulkier and heavier Soviet refin-
ing equipment. In this particular case, the Soviet model
apparently is made of carbon steel which is lighter but
less durable than the stainless steel normally used for
vessels of this type in the United States.
Representativeness
The representativeness of this item is uncertain. The
Soviet model is one of 12 for specialized natural
gasoline plants for which a price was available.
Standardization in production in the USSR seems
likely, however, whereas US units are custom built for
specific applications.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6 _._
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Mining Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
167,850
Dollars:
402,173
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.42
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
150
Similar
100
8-9
8.3-10
104-111
Working speed (m/hr)
12
Similar
100
Power of electric motors (kW)
505
560
111
Weight (tons)
61.51
67.1
109
' US analog has a double rotor.
' Includes a set of spare parts.
Function
Heading combines of this size (called "boring-type
continuous miners" in the United States) typically are
used for mining salt and potash or in coal mines for
tunneling in low-abrasive materials.
Comparability
The two models are similar in performance. The
double-rotor US analog simply provides a differently
shaped tunnel cross section compared with the Soviet
model. It probably also accounts for the analog's
greater weight and, hence, the need for more powerful
electric motors.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. This type of.miner, although in use in salt
and potash mines and in tunneling in coal mines in the
United States, is no longer very popular, having been
supplanted in large measure by rotary, drum-type
miners. Only a few were made annually in the United
States in the early 1970s. Soviet production in the late
1960s is unknown but is believed to have been larger
than that of the United States.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Mining Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 61,200
Dollars: 69,456
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .88
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Productivity (m'/min)
3
8.5
283
Gathering width (m)
2
2.36
118
Travel speed (m/min)
10.9
30.5
280
Conveyor speed (m/sec)
1
1.78
178
Power of electric motors (kW)
88
95
108
Weight (tons)
21.8
12.1
56
Function
Representativeness
Loaders of this type are used in underground mining to
The representativeness of this item cannot be judged.
pick up loose coal and/or rock and transfer it to shuttle
In the early 1970s, between 100 and 200 gathering-
cars or continuous conveyor belts.
arm loaders of all types were produced annually in the
United States. The number produced annually in the
Comparability
The US analog is significantly more productive than
the Soviet loader. Different rating methods may
account for some of the difference in productivity, but
even so the Soviet unit appears to be extremely heavy,
slow, and underpowered relative to the US analog.
USSR in the late 1960s is unknown.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Mining Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
11,220
Dollars:
70,562
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.16
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Tracked, rotary-
percussive
Wheeled, rotary-
percussive
Number of drills
2
2
100
Maximum face height that can be drilled (m)
5
5.2
104
Maximum face width drilled from one position (m)
6
6.1
102
Autofeed drill depth (m)
2.7
3.0
111
Air pressure (kg/cm')
6
7
117
Propulsion system power (hp)
24
33
138
Weight (tons)
7.25
7.2
99
Function
Self-propelled drilling rigs are used for drilling blast
holes in a horizontal wall face of coal or hard rock.
Comparability
The US rig might be a bit more productive than the
Soviet. It can drill holes in a slightly larger work face
without moving, can probably drill holes a little faster
with its greater air pressure, and, with greater power,
probably can move about in the work area a bit faster.
The difference in undercarriage (tracked versus
wheeled) should not be significant.
Representativeness
The representativeness of this item cannot be judged.
About 500 rotary drills of all sizes for underground
mining were produced in the United States in 1972.
The number produced annually in the USSR in the
late 1960s is unknown.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Mining Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
298,330
Dollars:
1,152,619
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.26
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type'
4-leg, hydraulic
6-leg, hydraulic
Size of coal seam with which system is used (m)
0.8-1.3
1.6-2.5
200-192
Prop bearing capacity (tons)
40
77.2
193
Resistance to caving of roof of a bank of support sets
(tons/m)
50
305
610
Mean specific pressure (kg/cm2)
On seam floor
40.7
33.2
82
On seam roof
10.0
29.9
299
Spacing of support sets (m)
1.6
1.2
75
Distance a support set moves in one advance (mm)
800
838
105
Time required to advance a support set and conveyor (sec)
13
15
115
Number of support sets in support system
100
125
125
Length of one support set along top supports (m)
3.12
3.15
101
Weight of a system of 100 support sets (tons)
201
408
203
Function
Mine roof support systems are used in longwall mining
in conjunction with a continuous miner and its
associated conveyor. After each pass of the miner
along the wall of coal, the roof support system
advances by means of hydraulic jacks to a new
position, pushing the conveyor ahead of it and allowing
the roof behind to collapse.
Comparability
The Soviet and US support systems are similar in
function, but the US analog is considerably heavier,
with much greater load bearing capacity. The differ-
ence is explained by the difference in mine roof geology
between the two countries. In the mines in which the
Soviet system is used the geology is such that the roof
tends to break up and collapse immediately behind the
support system. In the United States, most mine roofs
are of the massive sandrock variety which do not break
up easily and require that the support system carry
large sections of roof before collapse finally occurs over
a large area. The two models are quite similar in the
distance and speed with which they advance.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Longwall mining has only recently become a signifi-
cant method of mining in the United States in contrast
to the USSR, and most of the US equipment has been
imported from Western Europe. The number of mine
roof support systems produced annually in the USSR
in the late 1960s is unknown but was significantly
greater than in the United States in the early 1970s.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Mining Machinery and Equipment)
Specifications:
Productivity for coal on a 15? incline (tons/hr)'
Maximum length of conveyor (m)'
On the horizontal
On a 15? incline
Number of electric motors
Power of electric motors (kW)
Weight (with instruments and a set of spare parts) (tons)
The US model will convey at a rated 433 tons per hour on the
horizontal. Comparable data are not available for the Soviet model.
The buyer in each case has the option of a conveyor length up to 570
meters on a 15? incline and 2,000 meters on the horizontal, but for
this study a standard 500-meter conveyor was used.
With a polyvinylchloride (PVC) covering.
Rubles:
115,990
Dollars:
82,676
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.40
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
260
Similar
100
2,000
2,000
100
570
Similar
100
Rubber wire-
reinforced
Synthetic woven
carcass'
2
2
100
200
224
112
83.2
NA
-
Function Representativeness
Belt conveyors of this type are used to transport coal This item is representative of production in both
from the working part of the mine by way of the main countries.
mine shafts to an area where it is transported to the
surface.
Comparability
The Soviet and US conveyors are similar in perform-
ance. In actual use, the larger motor on the US analog
might give it a small advantage in productivity since
power is the crucial factor in determining how fast the
conveyor belt can move under load. The belt speed of
the US analog, therefore, would seem to be more
conservatively rated than the speed of the Soviet
model.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Metallurgical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 896,680
Dollars: 1,592,900
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .56
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1.01 1.0' 100
2.0' 2.1 ' 105
' Two-converter shop with one of the converters on standby.
' hree-converter shop with one of the converters on standby.
Function
An oxygen converter (called a "basic-oxygen-furnace"
[BOF] in the United States) is a pear-shaped refrac-
tory-lined steel vessel that is used to hold steel scrap,
molten pig iron, and various additives in the process of
making steel. The refining is done by blowing high-
purity oxygen through oxygen lances into the vessel at
supersonic speeds. The finished molten steel is poured
from the converter into steel teeming ladles.
Comparability
The rated capacity of the Soviet and US converters are
the same. In practice, each country has been able to
exceed the rated capacity of a converter shop. Factors
which make this possible include intensified use of
oxygen, the use of computers to ensure expeditious
preparation of the charge and turning of the melt, a
continual supply of hot metal and other charge
materials, and a sufficient demand from the rolling
and finishing departments to warrant the higher level
of output of crude steel. Without all these factors, a
converter shop may operate at less than rated capacity.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries, with converters of 100-ton capacity respon-
sible for a significant share of their respective outputs
of steel. These converters have replaced the smaller
size that were used in the early stages of converter
steelmaking, and, in recent years, converters of more
than 100-ton capacity have gained greater acceptance
in both countries.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Metallurgical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
1,847,500
Dollars:
2,470,700
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.75
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
250
Yes
2.0'
4.0'
2.25
3.5 '
Two-converter shop with one of the converters on standby.
' Three-converter shop with one of the converters on standby.
Function
An oxygen converter (called a "basic-oxygen-furnace"
[BOF] in the United States) is a pear-shaped refrac-
tory-lined steel vessel that is used to hold steel scrap,
molten pig iron, and various additives in the process of
making steel. The refining is done by blowing high-
purity oxygen through oxygen lances into the vessel at
supersonic speeds. The finished molten steel is poured
from the converter into steel teeming ladels.
Comparability
The Soviet and US converters are reasonably compa-
rable as highly productive steelmaking furnaces. There
is a size difference which is reflected in the respective
nominal ratings for annual capacity. It is not feasible
to look for comparability in features other than size
and nominal capacity. US converters with similar
nominal capacities vary considerably in shape and
other design features. Soviet converters are much more
standardized. Also, operations at individual converter
shops invariably require some degree of adaption to
other facilities and operations at their respective plant
sites. The pace and volume of production is influenced
by factors such as raw material availability; grades of
112
88
steel being produced; imbalances in blast furnace,
steelmaking, and rolling and finishing capacities; and
level of demand.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Converters with capacities of from 250 to 300 tons per
heat (time required to produce one batch) presently
account for an important share of steel output in both
countries, but this was not true of the USSR around
1967. In the United States, where the oxygen converter
steelmaking method gained rapid acceptance, a con-
siderable number of units of about 200 tons per heat
were introduced soon after the early 100-ton units and
prior to the move to 250- and 300-ton units. In the
USSR, where oxygen converter steelmaking was
adopted far more slowly than in the United States,
units with capacities of about 100 to 150 tons per heat
were the most common size until the 1970s, when 250-
and 300-ton units became the standard.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Metallurgical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 33,110
Dollars: 56,700
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .58
Weight (tons)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
270 272 101
46 47.7 104
Function Representativeness
Steel teeming ladles, also called "bottom pour ladles," This item is representative of production in both
are used to receive the molten steel from the countries.
steelmaking furnace (oxygen, open hearth, or electric
arc). The full ladles then are transported, usually by
crane, to the teeming (pouring) aisle and emptied from
the bottom into ingot molds or to a continuous casting
machine and emptied into casts for billets, blooms, or
slabs.
Comparability
The Soviet and US ladles are closely comparable in
performance. Regardless of any differences in the
methods of manufacture or in specific design, the two
ladles serve essentially the same purpose. They are
similar in weight and handle the same amounts of
steel.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Mining and Metallurgical Machinery
and Equipment
(Metallurgical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
242,040
Dollars:
2,103,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.12
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (tons)
1,300
1,300
Type
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
Tilting mechanism
Yes
Yes
Function
A hot metal mixer is a large, refractory-lined vessel
used to hold molten blast furnace pig iron before it is
used in the manufacture of steel. It assures the ready
availability of hot metal when needed for charging,
and it serves as a blender to even out possible
differences in individual batches of pig iron. Mixers
are used in open hearth and Bessemer converter
steelmaking shops.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Mixers are in extensive use in the USSR because open-
hearth furnaces still account for more than one-half of
total steel output. In the United States, open-hearth
furnaces account for only about one-sixth of total steel
output, reflecting the steadily increasing use of basic
oxygen converters and electric furnaces as the leading
methods of steelmaking. Bessemer converter steel-
making is almost completely phased out in both
countries.
Comparability
The Soviet and US mixers are well matched. They
undoubtedly would operate at about the same effi-
ciency, considering the simplicity of their function.
The considerably greater weight of the US analog is
surprising. It could be that the USSR has used lighter
weight, high strength-low alloy steels in place of
carbon steel, that the US mixer is made with heavier
reinforcing bands for added safety, or a combination of
these factors.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
Rubles:
64
Dollars:
496
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.13
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
2-stage, self-
priming
1-stage, self-
priming
Delivery rate (ltrs/min)
299
303
101
Head (m) 1
30
32
107
Power of electric motor (kW)
6.8
5.0
74
Weight (kg)
67
118
176
' Although referred to as a gasoline pump, this unit may also
be used to pump other liquids such as kerosene and diesel fuel.
' Refers to "pressure head," which is a standard method of describ-
ing the output pressure of a pump. For example, a 30-meter head
refers to the pressure at the bottom of a 30-meter column of
liquid.
Function Representativeness
Gasoline pumps of this type may also be called refinery This item is more representative of US production.
pumps because they can pump several liquid products
of a refinery such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel.
It is important that the pumps be compatible with the
corrosive effects and lack of lubricity of the fuels to be
pumped.
Comparability
The Soviet and US pumps are comparable in pumping
performance (delivery against head). The greater
weight of the US pump indicates a larger frame which
may provide for a better sealing of the rotor shaft. The
lesser horsepower of the US pump indicates higher
efficiency in energy use.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
Rubles: 1,460
Dollars: 2,090
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .70
Delivery rate (bbls/day)
Lift (m)
Efficiency (percent)'
Power of the electric motor (hp)
Weight (kg)
' Combined efficiency of the pump and the electric motor.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1,000
1,000
100
975
975
100
50
50
100
47
50
106
233
210
90
Function
Submersible crude oil pumps are multiple-stage (100
to 150) centrifugal units that are used to extract crude
oil from deep oil wells.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are similar in performance.
There is a good possibility that the Soviet model is
patterned after the US analog.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Several thousand or more pumps of this type were
produced annually in the United States in the early
1970s. Production in the USSR in the late 1960s is
unknown but probably less. The USSR has been
importing pumps of this type from the United States
for a number of years.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
Rubles:
10,530
Dollars:
34,852
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.30
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Single-stage,
double-suction
Single-stage,
double-suction
Delivery (bbls/hr)
25,160
25,160
100
Head (m) '
216
216
100
Pump efficiency (percent)'
87
86
99
Shaft speed (rpm)
3,000
1,800
60
Power of electric motor (hp)
3,350
3,500
104
Weight (kg)
7,000
7,847
112
' Refers to "pressure head," which is a standard method of describ-
ing the output pressure of a pump. For example, a 216-meter
head refers to the pressure at the bottom of a 216-meter column
of liquid.
' Efficiency at the rated delivery and pressure head when pumping
water, the conventional rating method. The actual efficiency in
pumping crude oil will be somewhat lower than that shown and
will vary with the specific gravity and viscosity of the crude oil.
Function Representativeness
Pipeline pumps are used to supply the pressure head This item is representative of production in both
required to transport crude oil through large pipelines countries. Hundreds are made annually in each
over long distances. country.
Comparability
The greater weight of the US analog reflects the fact
that it of necessity must be a larger unit in order to
deliver the same volume as the Soviet model at one-
half of the Soviet speed.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
Rubles:
20,500
Dollars:
36,424
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.56
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type'
Opposed cylinder
L-shaped
-
Lubricated cylinders
Yes
Yes
-
Capacity (m'/min)
50
52
104
Delivery pressure (atm)
9
8.5
94
Suction pressure (atm)
1
1
100
Shaft speed (rpm)
500
514
103
Cooling water consumption (ltrs/hr)
9,990
8,630
86
Power of electric motor (kW)
320
261
82
Weight (kg) '
9,500
9,525
100
' Both models are two-stage, crosshead, water cooled, direct drive.
' Without the electric motor.
Function Representativeness
Reciprocating piston-type air compressors are used This item is representative of production in both
extensively to supply compressed air for pneumatic countries.
equipment in a variety of industries.
Comparability
The L-shaped design of the US analog results in a
more compact, space-saving unit, but the weight is
about the same as the Soviet model because of the
more elaborate counterbalancing required by such a
design.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
Rubles:
9,270
Dollars:
13,930
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.67
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (m'/min)
10
11.3
Lubricated cylinders
No
No
Delivery pressure (atm)
8
8.5
106
Shaft speed (rpm)
735
480
65
Cooling water consumption (ltrs/hr)
2,990
NA
-
Power of electric motors (kW)
75
75
100
Weight (kg)'
4,650
5,786
124
Both models are two-stage, crosshead, water cooled.
2 With electric motor.
Function Representativeness
Reciprocating piston-type air compressors are used This item is representative of production in both
extensively to supply compressed air for pneumatic countries.
equipment in a variety of industries.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are roughly similar in
performance. The US analog can deliver more com-
pressed air at slightly higher pressure. Whether this is
a significant advantage in a plant would depend upon
the application. The slower shaft speed is simply a
design feature that is not directly related to capacity,
although it might serve to prolong the life of the unit.
The greater weight of the US analog is explained in
part by its greater capacity, there being a direct
correlation in compressors between weight and
capacity.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
(Chemical Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
1,122,175
Dollars:
2,794,700
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.40
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Volume of intake air (thousand m'/hr)
48.5
Similar
100
Pressure (atm)
6
Similar
100
Capacity (thousand m'/hr):
Process oxygen'
8.85
Similar
100
High-purity oxygen'
0.15
Similar
100
Refined nitrogen'
16
Similar
100
Neon-helium mixture'
Insignificant
Similar
100
Power consumption (kW hr/m'):
Process oxygen
0.42
0.42
100
High-purity oxygen
0.67
0.32
48
Refined nitrogen
0.07
NA
-
Weight (tons)'
406.5
NA
' 95 percent purity; 50 centimeters water gauge pressure.
' 99.5 percent purity; 165 atmospheres pressure.
99.998 percent purity; 50 centimeters water gauge pressure.
' 100 percent purity; 4 atmospheres pressure. In the United States,
neon-helium mixtures normally would not be recovered from an air
separation plant of this size.
' Without insulation and packing.
Function Representativeness
Air separation plants are used to separate various This item is more representative of Soviet production.
chemical elements from the air. The models being A model with closely similar specifications apparently
considered here separate process oxygen, high-purity is not produced in the United States as a standard item.
oxygen, refined nitrogen, and neon-helium; other
models might be designed to separate other elements
such as argon or krypton.
Comparability
There is little apparent difference between the Soviet
model and the US analog because the latter is the US
manufacturer's estimate for equipment that would be
needed to match the performance of the Soviet model.
127
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
(Chemical Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
14,449
Dollars:
8,372
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.73
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Quantity of air being purified (m'/sec)
14-15
12.7-14.7
91-98
Resistance, water gauge (mm)
35-45
35-45
100
Cylinder diameter (m)
3.6
3.3
92
Height of cylinder and cone (m)
9.4
9.2
98
Weight (kg)
10,660
6,010
56
Function
Cyclones of this type are used in the carbon black and
other industries to separate dust from dust-laden gas
by means of centrifugal force.
Representativeness
The representativeness of this item cannot be judged.
Comparability
The match is close since the US analog closely
approximates the capacity of the Soviet model at
equivalent resistance. The great difference in weight
may be explained in part by the Soviet use of heavier
materials to compensate for poorer corrosion qualities.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
(Chemical Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
30,060
Dollars:
59,011
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.51
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (tires/hr) '
2.25
Similar
100
Diameter'
675 and 760
610-775
80-115
Maximum width
650
660
102
Number of drum speeds
2
3
150
Weight (kg)
6,500
4,173
64
Assembling radial tires, size 12-20.
2 At maximum diameter.
Function Representativeness
Tire assembly machines of this type put together The Soviet model probably is representative of such
common-sized truck tires from layers or belts of equipment produced in the USSR in the late 1960s.
rubber, nylon, polyester, steel, or other materials. The The representativeness of the US model is not known.
tires go from these assembly machines to autoclaves
where they are vulcanized under heat and pressure.
Comparability
The Soviet and US machines are similar in function
but not in performance. The Soviet model has less than
50 percent of the capacity of the US analog and is
considered obsolete by US standards. The servicer on
the Soviet model is similar to one designed in the
United States in the early 1950s.
- Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
(Chemical Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 38,971
Dollars: 38,472
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: 1.01
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Capacity (tires/hr) '
Tire sizes, bead
Diameters (in)
Dimensions of assembly drums (mm)
Diameter'
350 and 467
355-540
76-116
Maximum width
550
673
122
Number of drum speeds
2
3
150
Weight, w/o servicer (kg)
4,027
2,087
52
'Assembling 4-ply tires, size 6.70-15.
'At maximum diameter.
Function
Tire assembly machines of this type put together a
wide range of tires for passenger cars from layers or
belts of rubber, nylon, polyester, steel, or other
materials. The tires go from these assembly machines
to autoclaves where they are vulcanized under heat
and pressure.
Comparability
The US analog is superior in performance and design
to the Soviet model. For example, one-fifth greater
capacity is achieved with little more than one-half of
the weight.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. The Soviet model probably reflects design
developments of the late 1960s. The servicer used with
it closely resembles one designed in the United States
in 1963. The US analog is considered rather obsolete in
the United States.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
(Chemical Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 3,660
Dollars: 16,284
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: 22
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Apparatus
300
232
77
Jacket
300
343
114
Speed of stirrer (rpm)
45.5
45.5 '
100
Power of electric motor (kW)
4.5
4.5
100
Weight (kg)
3,205
3,650
114
' Purchaser may have any stirring speed and electric motor
that he desires.
Function Representativeness
Acid-resistant reactors of this type are designed to The representativeness of this item in the production of
carry out chemical processes on corrosive liquids to the USSR and the United States cannot be judged.
change them into another product through the applica-
tion of pressure, heating (or cooling), and stirring.
Catalysts or additives may be introduced in the
process. For example, ethylene may be placed in a
reactor to produce an effluent used in the production of
polyethylene.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are similar in function but
not in the performance aspects of pressure and
temperature. The higher operating pressure of the US
analog extends its range of possible operations beyond
that of the Soviet model. If highly acidic materials
were involved, it is doubtful that the Soviet model
could maintain continuous operation at the tempera-
tures given. Performance also depends crucially on the
materials of construction, and these are not known for
the Soviet model.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Pumps and Compressors
(Chemical Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 4,100
Dollars: 38,922
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: 11
Rotor capacity (ltrs)
300
303
101
Diameter (mm)
1,200
1,219
Filter area (m')
NA
1.95
Centrifugal force (G)
NA
800
Weight (kg)
'The type is intermittent action, suspended, vertical, bottom
discharge, and upper drive.
' The reported weight is not consistent with the rotor capacity
and diameter of the centrifuge.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Function
Centrifuges of this type are used to filter a solid from a
liquid-solid slurry by forcing out the liquid through the
filter medium held around the inside of the rapidly
rotating basket. The solid is left in place in the basket
to be washed and spun "dry" and then is removed in
preparation for a repeat cycle. A normal period for a
cycle is about five minutes.
Comparability
The rotor capacity and diameter are closely matched,
but the absence of Soviet data on filter area and
centrifugal force makes a comparison uncertain. How-
ever, since rotor capacity and diameter tend to
determine filter area and centrifugal force, the missing
specifications may be similar to those of the US
analog. The match probably is close.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. More than 80 percent of Soviet chemical
equipment was produced in lots of five or less in the
late 1960s. With an even greater variety of models of
similar size and capacity in the United States, output
probably was also small for individual models.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6 __ -
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Logging and Paper Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 881
Dollars: 1,744
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .51
Specifications: USSR
Maximum length of logs handled (m) 8
Diameter of logs handled (mm) ' 120-650
Number of kicker levers 3
Power of main drive motor (kW) 3
US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
8 100
Similar 100
3 100
Weight (kg) 800 682 85
Diameter at the butt end.
' It is normal US practice to use a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder
rather than an electric motor. The US model is operated by an 8-inch
pneumatic cylinder.
Function Representativeness
Log kickers of this size and type, called stop and This item probably is representative of production in
loaders in the United States, are used to control the both countries.
flow of logs to the saw by stopping them as they roll
down a conveyor and then permitting individual logs to
be passed on to the sawing area as needed.
Comparability
The Soviet and US units are similar in performance.
The greater weight of the Soviet model probably is
explained by (1) its being built more massively for
strength, and (2) its being driven by an electric motor,
which would involve a significantly different driving
mechanism than that associated with the pneumatic
cylinder of the US analog.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Light Industry Machinery
and Equipment
(Textile Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 389
Dollars: 759
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .51
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum speed of main shaft (rpm)'
4,000
4,000
100
Maximum length of stitch (mm)
4
4.2
105
Maximum thickness of materials that can be sewn (mm)
6
9.1
152
Size of flat bed (mm)
518 x 178
476 x 178
92
Arm length (mm)'
265
244
92
Dimensions of head (mm)
Length
560
527
94
Width
178
178
100
Height
400
346
86
Head weight (kg)
36
32
89
' Depending upon thickness and strength of materials being
sewn together.
' From needle to base of arm.
Function
Sewing machines of this type (sometimes called
seaming machines in the United States) are used for
high-speed seaming operations in the manufacture of
outer garments such as coats and work clothes from
heavy-weight materials.
Comparability
The major difference between the Soviet and US
analog is in the thickness of the materials that can be
sewn. However, the lowness of the Soviet figure was
questioned by US manufacturers, given the other
specifications of the machine, and may be in error. The
US analog is foreign made, since this class of machine
is not made in the United States.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The United States produces other sewing machines
that are somewhat like the Soviet model, but they do
not match the Soviet model as closely as the analog
included here, which was made abroad. The analog has
been widely used in the United States, however, for a
number of years.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Light Industry Machinery
and Equipment
(Textile Machinery and Equipment)
Specifications:
Number of stitches per minute
Buttonhole lengths that can be made (mm)
Maximum thickness of sewn materials (mm)
Types of buttonholes
Dimensions of head (mm)
Length
Height
' Both machines will make the following six types of buttonholes:
round eyelet, pear-shaped eyelet, or straight buttonhole, each with
or without taper fastening.
Power of electric motor (kW)
Weight (kg)
Function Representativeness
Sewing machines of this type (called buttonholers This item is representative of production in both
in the United States) make buttonholes on suits, countries.
raincoats, and other outer garments of a variety
of materials.
Comparability
The Soviet and US machines are similar in per-
formance. The more powerful electric motor on
the Soviet model probably explains why it is able
to sew somewhat thicker materials.
Rubles:
1,052
Dollars:
2,452
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.43
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1,500
1,600
107
16-38
16-44
100-116
8
6
75
-
550
533
97
500
470
94
0.52
0.25
48
65
66
102
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Light Industry Machinery
and Equipment
(Textile Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
Dollars:
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
2,830
11,296
.25
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Productivity for unpicked wool (kg/hr)'
3002
158'
53
Working width (mm)
900
914
102
Cylinder speed (rpm)
320
600
188
Power of electric motor (kW)
4.5
7.5
167
Weight (kg)
2,750
2,500
91
In continuous operation.
' Midpoint of a range of 200 to 400 for the Soviet model
and 135 to 180 for the US model.
Function
Wool picking machines (called carding waste pickers
in the United States) are designed to remove all of the
remaining impurities from scoured dry wool.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. The major shift to synthetics has reduced
the importance of wool picking machines in the United
States.
Comparability
The Soviet and US machines are similar in function,
but the Soviet model is rated at twice the productivity
of the US analog. There seems to be no apparent
reason for such a major difference, given the superior-
ity of the US analog in power and speed and a
similarity in weight. It may be due to a difference in
the way the units are rated.
-- Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Light Industry Machinery
and Equipment
(Textile Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
7,710
Dollars:
36,381
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.21
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Spindle gauge (mm) '
168
273
162
Number of spindles
76
72
95
Maximum bobbin rail lift (mm)'
250
305
122
Maximum diameter of wound bobbin (mm)
125
140
112
Maximum spindle speed (rpm)
1,300
1,800
138
Length of treated fiber (mm)
28-42
22-51
79-121
Total draft'
2.5-31.8
2.5-29.45
100-93
Power of electric motor (kW)
1.7
5.6
329
' Refers to distance between spindle centers.
' Refers to the height of the winding on the bobbin.
Refers to the minimum and maximum ratios of the roving
diameter of the cylindrical cans to the drafted roving diameter.
Function
Fly frames (called roving frames in the United
States) are complex machines used in the yarn
preparatory department of textile mills that take
strands of loosely entwined fibers from cylindrical
containers and combine them in predetermined
amounts and ways to produce a strip or roving
(that is, more closely entwined fibers) on spindles.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries, although the particular configuration of the
US analog used here is not the most common. A very
wide variety of options and configurations is character-
istic of the production of fly (roving) frames in the
United States.
Comparability
The US analog is the more productive of the two.
It not only winds larger bobbins (packages) as
shown by the data on spindle gauge, rail lift, and
diameter, but its more powerful motor provides faster
winding than on the Soviet model of these larger
packages. These features more than make up for
the smaller number of spindles.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Light Industry Machinery
and Equipment
(Textile Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
13,588
Dollars:
18,466
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.74
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Number of spindles per frame
368
360
98
Height of the winding (mm)
200 and 230
229 and 254
112
Maximum spindle speed (rpm)
12,000
15,000
125
Direction of twist
Right
Left or right
-
Bobbin size diameter (mm)
155 x 300
140 x 305
47-197
Maximum power of main motor (kW)
10
15
150
Function Representativeness
Spinning frames of this type use the strip or roving This item is representative of production in both
produced by a fly (or roving) frame and produce warp countries.
cotton yarn from it.
Comparability
The US analog is a more productive and more
sophisticated machine than the Soviet because of its
faster spindle speed. Increasing spindle speed by even
500 rpm requires fundamental and extensive changes
in interior design if component and yarn failures are to
be kept within bounds. For example, operating the
Soviet frame at 12,500 rpm rather than 12,000 rpm
could well increase yarn breakage as much as two or
three times, and the unit probably could not operate at
all at 13,000 rpm. While the larger motor on the US
analog does not automatically assure faster spindle
speed, it is necessary for faster speed.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6 -
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
Light Industry Machinery
and Equipment
(Leather Industry Machinery and Equipment)
Oiling drum for leather Rubles: 1,020
Dollars: 5,522
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .18
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Volume (m')
6.4
8.8
138
Inside diameter (mm)
2,500
2,286
91
Length (mm)
1,300
2,134
164
Turning speed (rpm)
13
13
100
Made of wood
Yes
Yes
-
Function Representativeness
Drums of this type are used for oiling chiefly hard This item probably is more representative of Soviet
leather and Russian leather but not chrome-tanned production. There is not a great deal of leather working
leather. Some models introduce air and heat during the done in the United States that requires this type of
oiling process. equipment.
Comparability
The Soviet and US drums are roughly similar in
function and performance. The major difference is in
the significantly greater length (and, therefore, vol-
ume) of the US analog. Apparently there are standard
minimum lengths for these drums (depending upon the
diameter) even though they are custom made to
purchasers' order. US manufacturers tend to use extra
powerful electric motors to prevent inadvertent over-
loading. US manufacturers could not recall ever
having supplied a drum of this type with a fan and
calorifier for heat, primarily because they are more
often used for tanning than for oiling leather, and heat
is not required. Heat, if needed, is provided by a means
selected by the buyer.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Food Industry Machinery
and Equipment
Productivity (thousand tons of beets/day)
Working volume (m3)
Main shaft speed (rpm)
Main cylinder dimensions, diameter/height (cm)
Power of electric motor (kW)
Weight (kg)
Function
Beet sugar preclarifiers are used in beet sugar produc-
tion for the preliminary clarifying of the raw beet
sugar juice prior to the main clarifying process.
Nonsugar elements contained in the raw sugar juice
are cleaned out in preclarification through a milk of
lime treatment.
Comparability
The US analog is custom made, based on Soviet
specifications. However, US technology and materials
were used, and therefore it is not an exact duplicate.
Precise data for the US analog were not provided.
Rubles:
2,000
Dollars:
6,232
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1.5
Similar
100
10.7
Similar
100
75
Similar
100
180 x 475
Similar
100
7
Similar
100
3,048
Similar
100
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
There are a number of variations in the processes used
to produce sugar from sugar beets, and the most
popular method in the United States does not use a
preclarifier. Consequently, few have been produced.
The number produced in the USSR is unknown, but
they apparently are common in the industry.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Food Industry Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 26,260
Dollars: 165,220
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .16
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
2,360 2,360 100
47.4 55.8
Function
Evaporators of this type are used in beet sugar
processing plants to convert clarified raw sugar juice
into a syrup through the repeated application of heat to
remove the water. They are set up in stations of three to
five evaporators.
Comparability
The performance, that is, the heating surface, of the
Soviet and US models is the same. The greater weight
of the US analog apparently is the result of differences
in materials and design. No other specifications were
provided for the analog.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The United States has never produced very many
evaporators of this type compared with the USSR,
where acreage devoted to sugar beets is more than six
times that in the United States.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Printing Machinery and Equipment
Rubles:
7,540
Dollars:
16,278
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.46
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Letter and space point (p)
Up to 12
Up to 12
100
Matrixes per frame
288
272
94
Type of heat
Electric
Electric
-
Function
Metal-type composing machines are used for the
automatic setting of metal type. They are found
primarily in printing enterprises which specialize in the
production of scientific and technical literature, dic-
tionaries, manuals, and other publications that are
especially complex in composition.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The US-designed analog actually is foreign made,
production having ceased in the United States in the
1960s as faster and less expensive printing processes
based on photography came into widespread use.
Composing machines were in regular production in the
USSR in the late 1960s, but annual output is unknown.
Comparability
There is a good chance that the Soviet model is based
on the analog. That being the case, there seems to be no
obvious reason for the great difference in weight.
Perhaps the Soviet figure is in error. Composing
machines require a great deal of skill in component
production and assembly if they are to permit consist-
ently high quality printing over time, and in this
respect the analog undoubtedly is superior to the Soviet
model.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Printing Machinery and Equipment
4,930
9,777
Point size (p)
Type of heat
Melting pot capacity (kg)
Power of electric motor (kW)
Weight (kg)
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Up to 48
Up to 72
150
Electric
Electric
-
18
38.5
214
0.6
0.6
100
580
673
116
Function
Large-point metal-casting machines cast the large-
point letters and spacing materials used in hand
composition for making titles, headlines, advertising,
and other types of printing to complement the smaller
printing normally used for text.
Comparability
There is a good chance that the Soviet model, like the
analog, is based on an early model of casting machine
produced in the United States some years ago. The two
units are used in the same type of work and function in
the same way, but the analog is capable of casting
larger letters and, with its larger melting pot, more of
them in a given time. With a special matrix holder and
an attachment, the analog actually can use the same
type of matrices used on the Soviet model. Metal-
casting machines require a great deal of skill in
component production and assembly if they are to cast
consistently high quality type over time, and in this
respect also the analog undoubtedly is superior to the
Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The analog is based on an earlier US design but is
foreign made, production of the earlier model having
ceased in the United States in the 1960s as faster and
less expensive printing processes based on photography
came into widespread use. Metal-casting machines
were in regular production in the USSR in the late
1960s, but annual output is unknown.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
2,310
Dollars:
5,238
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.44
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated lift capacity (kg)'
500
675
135
Speed of load ascent (m/min)
10.0
18.3
183
Travel speed on hard surface (km/hr)
With load
9.0
8.4
93
Without load
12.0
9.6
80
Length of fork (mm)
730
762
104
Maximum lift height of fork (mm)=
1,800
2,690
149
Minimum turning radius (mm)
1,280
1,170
91
Weight (kg)
1,480
1,923
130
' Lift capacity at 500 millimeters load center for both models. Load
center is the distance from the center of the load to the front of the
rear upright of the lifting fork. The shorter the load center distance,
the greater the lift capacity. The lift capacity of the US model ranges
from 590 kilograms with a load center of 600 millimeters to 816
kilograms with a load center of 380 millimeters. Data on the range of
lift capacities of the Soviet model are not available.
' The Soviet model also is offered with optional lifting heights of
2,800 and 4,500 millimeters. The US model is offered with optional
lifting heights of 3,048, 3,302, and 3,658 millimeters.
Function
Small electric fork lifts are used for movement and
stacking/unstacking of boxes and other materials
inside assembly plants, large buildings, and similar
areas.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are roughly comparable in
performance. Each has certain advantages, but the US
analog has overall superiority. The analog can lift
more, lift a load faster, lift to a greater height with a
standard fork, and work in a smaller area due to a
smaller turning radius. The main advantage of the
Soviet model is its faster travel speed, a useful feature
in moving loads over long distances such as in huge
plants or warehouses. With optional forks for each
model to get maximum height, the Soviet model also
can lift a load 23 percent higher than the US analog.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
About 19,200 electric fork lifts were produced in the
United States in 1972. The number produced in the
USSR in 1967 is unknown but probably significantly
smaller.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
Dollars:
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
Rated lift capacity (kg)'
Speed of load ascent (m/min)
Travel speed on hard surface (km/hr)
With load
3,600
9,836
.37
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
2,000
1,814
91
16
26.8
168
21
19.8
94
24
20.0
83
900
1,067
119
4,500
3,910
87
2,100
2,141
102
3,170
3,640
115
' Lift capacity at 600 millimeters load center for both models. Load
center is the distance from the center of the load to the front of the
rear upright of the lifting fork. The shorter the load center distance,
the greater the lift c;,)acity. The lift capacity of the US model ranges
from 1,050 kilograms with a load center of 1,219 millimeters (using
an optional fork) to 2,000 kilograms with a load center of 500
millimeters. Data on the range of lift capacities of the Soviet model
are not available.
Without load
Length of fork (mm)
Maximum lift height of fork (mm)
Minimum turning radius (mm)
Weight (kg)
Function
Fork lifts of this lifting capacity are used for movement
and stacking/unstacking of boxes and other heavy
materials in and out of doors in a variety of industrial
areas such as warehouses, construction sites, and port
areas.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are roughly comparable in
performance. Each has certain advantages, but the
Soviet model probably has overall superiority in most
applications. It can lift more, lift to a greater height,
travel faster, and work in a slightly smaller area due to
a smaller turning radius. The main advantage of the
US analog is its speed of lifting a load. There are
situations (plenty of room to maneuver, short travel
distances, and loads at lift capacity) in which this fast
lifting speed probably would permit the US analog to
move as much material in a given time as the Soviet
model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
About 28,000 engine-powered fork lifts capable of
lifting 2,700 kilograms or less were produced in the
United States in 1972. The number produced in the
USSR in 1967 is unknown but probably significantly
smaller.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles: 8,370
Dollars: 21,199
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .39
Rated lift capacity (kg)'
Speed of load ascent (m/min)
Travel speed on hard surface (km/hr)
With load
Without load
Length of fork (mm)
Maximum lift height of fork (mm)
Minimum turning radius (mm)
Engine horsepower
Number of speeds, forward/reverse
Weight (kg)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
10,000
9,305
93
6.5
13.4
30
34.6
115
1,500
1,219
81
4,500
4,572
102
5,800
4,242
73
108
110
102
5/5
5/5
100/100
13,200
12,651
96
' Lift capacity at 750 millimeters load center for both models. Load
center is the distance from the center of the load to the front of the
rear upright of the lifting fork. The shorter the load center distance,
the greater the lift capacity. The lift capacity of the US model ranges
from 6,582 kilograms with a load center of 1,676 millimeters (using
an optional fork) to 10,213 kilograms with a load center of 600
millimeters. Data on the range of lift capacities of the Soviet model
are not available.
Function
Fork lifts of this lift capacity are used for movement
and stacking/unstacking of crates and other heavy
materials in and out of doors in a variety of industrial
areas such as warehouses, construction sites, and port
areas.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are roughly comparable in
performance. Each has certain advantages, but the US
analog has overall superiority. It can lift a load faster,
lift to a slightly greater height, travel faster, and work
in a smaller area due to a smaller turning radius. The
Soviet model can lift more and, with its longer fork,
larger sized materials.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
About 2,600 engine-powered fork lifts capable of
lifting 6,800 kilograms or more were produced in the
United States in 1972. The number produced in the
USSR in 1967 is unknown but probably significantly
smaller.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
14,540
Dollars:
36,494
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.40
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
With outriggers
6.3
4.54
72
Without outriggers
2.0
1.45
72
Length of boom overhang, minimum/maximum (m)
3.5/7.5
3.0/10.7
86/143
Maximum lift height of hook (m)
8
11.4
142
Maximum speed of ascent at maximum load (m/min)
6.6
22.9
347
Travel speed of rotating platform (rpm)
1.62
5.0
309
Transport speed (km/hr)
75
80
107
Weight (kg)
11,900
8,940
75
Function
Truck cranes of this load capacity are used for
loading/unloading work throughout industry as well
as for building assembly work at construction sites.
Comparability
The Soviet and US cranes are roughly comparable
in performance. The Soviet model can lift a greater
weight, but in all other important respects the US
analog is superior. With its faster speed of load
ascent and rotation of platform, there are many
applications in which the US crane in a given
time, although it can lift less per load, would perform
as much work as the Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Truck cranes of this type and load capacity are
far more popular in the USSR than in the United
States, comprising probably a major share of the
13,000 truck cranes produced in the USSR in 1967.
Many truck cranes of this small load capacity pro-
duced in the United States have the crane mounted
just behind the cab and are used primarily to
load the truck itself (cinder blocks and bricks, for
example). Only about a dozen of the particular
model considered here were produced annually in
the early 1970s. Available data give total truck
crane production for the United States by value
only.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
2,830
Dollars:
11,918
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.24
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Load capacity (tons)
5
4.5
90
Lifting speed (m/min)
8
7.6
95
Trolley bogie speed (m/min)
20
21.3
106
Crane speed (m/min)'
With load
27
30.5
113
Without load
30
30.5
102
Crane beam length (m)
7.5
7.6
101
Weight (tons)
2.8
2.9
104
' Crane controlled from the floor.
Function Representativeness
Bridge cranes are mounted and move on rails 6 This item is representative of production in both
or 7 meters above floor level in the interior of countries. Bridge cranes of this load capacity are
industrial buildings for handling a variety of loads. in common use in every industrial nation.
Comparability
The Soviet and US cranes are quite comparable
in performance, but the US analog may incorporate
certain required safety and control features that
are not on the Soviet model.
148
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
31,540
Dollars:
75,579
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.42
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Load capacity (tons)
At minimum radius'
25
25.6
102
At maximum radius'
5.3
3.5
66
Length of boom (m)
12.5
12.2
98
Radius of swing, load to center line (m)
At minimum radius'
At maximum radius'
Maximum height of hook (m)
Maximum working speeds
6.03
8.6
143
Swing of platform (rpm)
.56
4.3
768
Crane travel (km/hr)
.76
1.38
182
Engine horsepower
108
106.5
99
Weight (tons)
38.0
29.9
79
' Radius of the arc of swing of the boom from the load
hook to the center of rotation of the crane platform on which
the cab is mounted.
Function
Tracklaying cranes of this load capacity are used for
medium-duty loading/unloading work throughout in-
dustry as well as for building assembly work at
construction sites. They can be equipped optionally to
operate as draglines or backhoes or with clamshell
buckets.
Comparability
The Soviet and US cranes are comparable in maxi-
mum lifting capacity, but the US analog has a distinct
superiority in working speeds, apparently due to a
much more highly developed system of clutches and
brakes in its diesel-mechanical drive than exist in the
Soviet diesel-electric drive. The greater total weight of
the Soviet model explains its ability to lift more
without tipping over when the boom is at its maximum
radius. The greater weight itself probably can be
explained by the use of heavy cast iron components.
The US model uses more high-strength steels.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
USSR probably produced no more than 500 track-
laying cranes of all sizes in 1967. The United States
produced only about 260 in the 18 to 32 ton load
capacity category in 1972, but about 1,350 of all sizes.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
47,300
Dollars:
129,540
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.37
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
60
70.8
118
13.8
8.7
63
Load capacity with 40-meter boom, 15.25-meter
radius (tons)
8
7.94
99
Minimum angle of boom position from vertical (deg)
Radius of swing, load to center line (m)
At minimum radius'
4.36
3.66
84
At maximum radius'
12
15.2
127
13.7
14.8
108
Load lifting (m/min)
1.15 and 12.3
6.24
543-51
Swing of platform (rpm)
4.48
3.15
70
Crane travel (km/hr)
1.79
1.41
79
Engine horsepower
300
150
50
Weight (tons)
79
67
85
' Radius of the arc of swing of the boom from the load
hook to the center of rotation of the crane platform on which
the cab is mounted.
Function
Tracklaying cranes of this load capacity are used
primarily for heavy-duty work at construction sites
and secondarily for loading/unloading work through-
out industry.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are roughly comparable
in performance. The US analog has a greater maxi-
mum load capacity because its boom will more
closely approach the vertical where lift capability
is the greatest. With the boom lowered to maximum
radius, the Soviet model can lift more without tipping
because it is heavier. Between these extremes-
* The Tsennik is not available, but a Tsennik 23 price was
obtained from a secondary source: V. A. Padnya,
Pogruzochnorazgruzochnyye mashiny: spravochik, third edition,
"Transport," Moscow, 1972, page 115.
that is, a 40-meter boom, often used on cranes
of this size, and a 15.25-meter radius, a typical
operating position-the two cranes have the same
load capacity. The Soviet crane has faster working
speeds because its engine is considerably more pow-
erful. US manufacturers, however, would consider
the unit considerably overpowered for most operating
situations. The unusually large engine may have
been used on the Soviet model because it was
a size that was readily available.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
The USSR probably produced no more than 500
tracklaying cranes of all sizes in 1967. The United
States produced only about 230 in the 45 to 73
ton load capacity category in 1972, but about 1,350
of all sizes.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
24,470
Dollars:
111,463
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.22
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Load capacity (tons)
30
30
100
Lifting height of hook (m)
10.5
10.5
100
Length of travel of hook bogie (m)
28.9
28.9
100
Lifting speed (m/min)
4.85
4.85
100
Hook bogie speed (m/min) _
23.5
22.86
97
Crane speed (m/min)
39
39.6
102
Weight (tons)
47.12
47.12
100
Function
Gantry cranes are used primarily for loading/
unloading work in outside storage yards and servicing
warehouses and plants fabricating metal structural
members.
Comparability
In the United States, gantry cranes of this size are
made to user specifications. Hence, the US analog is a
custom-made unit that has been matched to Soviet
specifications using standard US materials and design.
As a result, the method of control of the hook bogie on
the two units is quite different, though serving the
same purpose. The Soviet model uses a traveling hook
bogie, the position of which is controlled by two
hoists-one winds while the other unwinds to move the
hook bogie on the horizontal and one stops while the
other winds or unwinds to raise or lower the hook. The
US crane uses an electrically powered trolley under
which the hook bogie is mounted, with the trolley
moving on the horizontal under its own power and the
raising and lowering of the hook controlled independ-
ently. The advantage of the US system is its greater
reliability, since there is less cable to wear out.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Gantry cranes have become less popular in the United
States in recent years, possibly due to a lack of growth
in those industries that use them the most combined
with an increasing availability of more versatile
substitutes such as tracklaying cranes, large fork lifts,
and large front-end loaders. About 900 gantry cranes
of all sizes were produced in the United States in 1972.
The number produced in the USSR in 1967 is
unknown but probably significantly greater.
* The Tsennik is not available, but a Tsennik 16 price was obtained
from a secondary source: V. A. Padnyo, op. cit., page 67.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Hoist-Transport Equipment
Rubles:
Dollars:
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
27,210
112,495
.24
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
At minimum radius'
16
22.7
142
At maximum radius'
4.9
3.36
69
At 5-meter radius'
16
17.5
109
15.24
102
Maximum height of hook (m)
Working speeds
Load lifting (m/min)'
8.8
11.2
127
Swing of platform (rpm)
2.0
2.5
125
Crane travel (m/min)
170
401
236
Diesel generator (hp)
115
255
222
Weight (tons)
52.1
81
155
' Radius of the arc of swing of the boom from the load hook to the
center of rotation of the crane platform on which the cab is mounted.
'At maximum load.
Function
Railroad cranes, called locomotive cranes in the
United States, are used by railroads for trackside
maintenance work and by scrap yards and other bulk
material storage yards.
Comparability
The US analog is superior to the Soviet crane in
virtually every respect. It can lift more, has a greater
area within which a load can be moved and, because of
its greater power, has faster working speeds. The
significantly greater weight of the US analog is
surprising. It may be that most of its weight is in the
carbody on which the crane is mounted rather than in
the crane itself and its counterweights. If so, the center
* The Tsennik is not available, but a Tsennik 23 price was obtained
from a secondary source: V. A. Padnyo, op. cit., page 103.
of gravity would be lowered, thus improving the
stability of the crane, but more total weight would be
required.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Soviet requirements for these cranes appear to be
significantly greater than those of the United States
with respect to the amount of track available. In 1972,
there were about 330,000 kilometers of track to be
maintained in the United States compared with about
133,000 kilometers in the USSR in 1967. Yet, the
USSR produced nearly 500 railroad cranes of all types
in 1967 (and imported 44) compared with 60 non-
wrecking-type railroad cranes produced in the United
States in 1972 plus an unknown number of the
wrecking type included in a small "other" category.
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Hoist-Transport Equipment
240
1,091
.22
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Average productivity (m'/hr)
27
19.4
72
Length of conveyor (m)
10
6.4
64
Width of conveying belt (mm)
400
356
89
Belt speed (m/sec)
0.8
0.72
90
Maximum conveying height (m)
3.8
3.4
89
Weight (kg)
380
544
143
Function
Portable belt conveyors are used to convey bulk and
small piece goods either for stacking or piling on the
same floor level as the conveyor or, through an
opening, on the floor above.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of US
production. Data are not available for the USSR for
1967, but production very likely was less than the
10,000 to 12,000 portable conveyors produced in the
United States in 1972.
Comparability
The Soviet and US conveyors are similar in function,
but the Soviet unit is superior in performance. It
happens to be of a size that apparently is not produced
in the United States. US manufacturers seriously
questioned the weight of the Soviet model. Even those
US models that had less than one-half its productivity
weighed more.
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Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Maximum travel speed (km/hr)
Forward
Reverse
Engine horsepower
Service weight (kg)
' With a general purpose bucket and with a struck load, that is, the
top of the loaded material is even all the way across the top edge of
the bucket. With the material heaped in the bucket, the capacity of
the US model is 1.34 m'. Comparable data are not available for the
Soviet model.
Function
Front-end loaders are used in many types of construc-
tion and process work to load materials such as dirt,
gravel, rocks, and other bulk items. Several optional
bucket sizes generally are available to optimize loading
productivity for different materials.
Comparability
The Soviet and US loaders are roughly comparable in
bucket size, but the US analog is superior in overall
performance. It can dump its load at a greater height
and, because of its faster travel speeds, would be
No Tsennik price is available. The ruble price is an enterprise
wholesale price; the dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble price is
from S. E. Kantorer (ed.), Raschety ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti
primeneniya mashin v stroitel'stve, Stroizdat, Moscow, 1972, page
439.
Rubles:
12,200
Dollars:
19,782
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.62
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1
1.14
114
29.0
37.45
129
21.2
45.1
213
Rear
Rear
-
4
4
100
6,300
6,480
103
4/2
3/3
75/150
75
80
107
7,680
7,605
99
significantly more productive in applications in which
distance was important in the loading/unloading cycle.
The US loader is unique in its ability to travel faster
backwards than forwards, although there appears to be
no overwhelming advantage to being able to do so.
Other US models either go the same speed in both
directions or, like the Soviet model, go faster forward.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Data are not available for the USSR for 1967, but
production probably was considerably less than the
14,400 wheeled front-end loaders produced in the
United States in 1972, of which about 1,300 were in
the bucket category of 1.15 m3 or under.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 14,330
Dollars: 45,968
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .31
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Length
3,700
3,658
99
Height
565
610
108
Lifting height (mm)
400
440
110
Laterial movement (mm)
Right
800
940
118
Left
800
1,035
129
Maximum depth of cut
Below wheel level (mm)
250
451
180
Number of driving wheels
4
4
100
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
6/2
6/2
100/100
Speed range (km/hr)
Forward
3.5-36.8
3.9-32.2
111-88
Reverse
4.0-16.5
6.6-22.0
165-133
Engine horsepower
110
125
114
Weight (kg)
12,340
12,562
102
Function Representativeness
Motor graders are used primarily on roads in a variety This item is more representative of US production. The
of applications such as leveling, reworking rough US produced about 6,500 motor graders in 1972
surfaces, shaping, bank sloping, and snow removal. compared with about 3,800 in the USSR in 1967.
Comparability
The Soviet and US graders are fairly close in overall
performance. The advantages of the US analog are its
wider range of blade movement and high horsepower.
The latter, coupled with adequate weight, permits a
deeper cut with each pass. The Soviet model has a
faster foward movement, but this is offset on the US
analog by a faster reverse that gets the unit into
position more quickly for the next pass.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
72,320
Dollars:
76,225
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.95
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Heaped
17.5
22.9
131
Maximum load capacity (tons)
27
32.6
121
Method of loading the bowl
Forced 3
Forced 7
Maximum working depth (mm)
350
380
Wheel pattern
4x2
4x2
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
Maximum travel speed (km/hr)
Empty
45
51.5
114
Loaded
9
Engine horsepower
360
415
115
Weight (tons)
30.55
35.19
115
The top of the loaded material is even all the way across the top of
the bowl.
2 Dirt is forced into the bowl by the forward movement of the scraper.
In an alternate design, the bowl is filled by a revolving chain elevator
that picks up and paddle wheels the dirt into the bowl.
Function
Self-propelled scrapers are used extensively in
earthmoving operations for the transfer of material
from one area to another. Common applications
include highway construction and the removal of
overburden and reclaiming in mining operations.
Comparability
The Soviet and US scrapers are roughly comparable in
performance based on struck bowl capacity, the basic
measurement of a scraper's size. It is questionable
whether the US analog really is as superior with
respect to heaped bowl and maximum load capacities
as the data indicate. There well may be a difference in
the way the units are rated, since there seems to be no
* No Tsennik price is available. A Tsennik price was constructed
from an enterprise wholesale price and the relationship between
Tsennik and wholesale prices for other models of scrapers. See
Tsennik 6 of the 1 January 1973 series; the wholesale prices were
taken from S. E. Kantorer, op.cit., pages 445-446.
obvious reason, given only a 15-percent difference in
engine power, why the heaped bowl capacity of the US
analog should be 43 percent greater than the struck
capacity while the difference on the Soviet model is
only 17 percent. An unquestionable advantage of the
US scraper, however, is its eight-speed transmission
coupled with its more powerful engine. The result is a
faster operating cycle and the ability to key the gear
selection more closely to the varying requirements of
the job.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
USSR produced about 7,900 scrapers of all types and
sizes in 1967 compared with about 4,800 in the United
States in 1972, but self-propelled units comprised only
a small share of the Soviet total; the rest were tractor
towed. In the United States, on the other hand, all but
a few hundred of those produced were self-propelled
units.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDPO8SO135OR000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Item Number 157
Tsennik.
Rubles:
10,750
Dollars:
16,620
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.65
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Struck '
6
6.34
106
Heaped
8
8.8
110
Type of control
Cable
Cable
-
Method of loading the bowl
Forced 3
Forced
-
Maximum working depth (mm)
320
609
190
Minimum turning radius (mm)
6,500
4,000
62
Engine horsepower'
Over 70
65
Weight (kg)
7,313
7,211
99
' The top of the loaded material is even all the way across the top of
the bowl.
' Dirt is forced into the bowl by the forward movement of the scraper.
In the case of the Soviet scraper, it is the horsepower of the
tracklaying tractor for which the scraper was designed. US
manufacturers do not provide this data for their tractor-drawn
scrapers. The horsepower figure given is an estimate of the smallest
tractor that can be used with the scraper.
Function
Tractor-drawn scrapers are used in general earth-
moving applications for the transfer of material from
one area to another.
Comparability
The Soviet and US scrapers are roughly comparable in
performance, based on both struck and heaped bowl
capacity. The US analog has a greater working depth
than the Soviet model (that is, it can take a deeper cut
at each pass) but a tractor at least as, or perhaps even
more, powerful than that shown for the Soviet model
would be required. In practice, the greater working
depth probably would not be used much since in many
applications a shallower working depth often fills the
bowl faster and more completely. The shorter turning
radius of the US analog would aid in maneuverability
and have a beneficial effect on productivity.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR produced about 7,900 scrapers of all types
and sizes in 1967, most of which were tractor drawn.
The United States produced about 4,800 scrapers of all
types and sizes in 1972, most of which were self-
propelled.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Tsennik.
6 (73); 969
Motor roller, two-roller, vibratory, 1.5-ton
Rubles:
1,400
Dollars:
6,080
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.23
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Weight (kg)
Without ballast
1,350
1,670
124
With ballast
1,500
1,780
119
Width of rolled strip (mm)
730
900
123
Roller pressure without ballast (kg/cmz)
Front
Rear
Working speeds (km/hr)
First gear
Amount of strip rolled per hour (m') I
First gear
1,314
1,314
100
Second gear
2,781
3,294
118
Vibratory disturbing force (kg)
2,200
2,245
102
Vibratory frequency (vib/min)
4,000
3,000
75
Minimum turning radius (mm)
2,000
3,062
153
Engine horsepower
8
12
150
Theoretical, by multiplying speed by width of rolled strip.
Function
Small vibratory rollers are used to smooth and
compact asphalt in a variety of applications such as
sidewalk and driveway construction, parking lot pav-
ing, and street repair. They are small enough to be
transported easily by trailer.
Comparability
The Soviet and US rollers are closely comparable in
performance. Their respective roller pressures, their
vibratory disturbing force, and the amount of strip that
each theoretically can roll in an hour-the three
features which combined determine a roller's compact-
ing capability and productivity-are not greatly differ-
ent. The greater speed of the Soviet unit is offset by the
greater width of rolled strip of the US analog. The.
slower speed of the US roller, given its more powerful
engine, is surprising and not readily explained.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
United States has a greater need for these small rollers
than the USSR if only because of its larger area of
sidewalks and parking lots. Out of a total of about
7,600 self-propelled rollers produced in the United
States in 1972, about 2,200 (nearly 30 percent) were of
the vibratory type. The USSR produced about 4,300
self-propelled rollers in 1967. The share of the
vibratory type is unknown, but it would have to equal
about one-half to match US production and that is
highly unlikely.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
6,250
Dollars:
19,461
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Weight (kg)
Without ballast
10,000
10,914
109
With ballast
13,000
13,231
102
Width of rolled strip (mm)
1,800
1,930
107
Roller pressure (kg/cm')
Without ballast
Front
30
25.05
84
Rear
73
77.79
107
Front
Rear
Amount of strip rolled per hour (m') '
First gear
Second gear
13,500
17,080
127
Turning radius along outer track (mm)
5,400
5,791
107
Engine horsepower
50
96
192
' Theoretical, by multiplying speed by width of rolled strip.
Function
Static (as opposed to vibratory) steel-wheeled rollers of
this size are used extensively in all types of paving
operations to smooth and compact asphalt and other
materials.
Comparability
The Soviet and US rollers are roughly comparable in
performance. They weigh about the same, have about
the same roller pressure, and can turn around in about
the same area. However, the US analog, with its
combination of wider rollers and a more powerful
engine for greater speed, theoretically will roll a
greater area in a given time than the Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. Out
of a total of about 7,600 self-propelled rollers produced
in the United States in 1972, about 700 (9 percent)
were in the category of heavy-duty units of 7.25 tons
and over. The USSR produced about 4,300 self-
propelled rollers in 1967. The share of heavy-duty units
is unknown but is unlikely to have been larger than
that for the United States.
The Tsennik is not available, but a Tsennik 23 price was obtained
from a secondary source: A. K. Reysh, S. M. Borisov, B. F.
Bandakov, Yu. B. Deynego, V. A. Ivanov, Spravochnoye posobiye po
stroitel'nym mashinam, vypusk 2: mashiny dlya zemlyanykh rabot,
Stroizdat, Moscow, 1974, page 265.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
12,940
Dollars:
50,599
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.26
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Designed productivity (m'/hr)
106
NA
-
Bucket capacity (m')
0.65
0.57
88
Swing of platform (rpm)
3.5 and 6.0
4.2
120 and 70
Radius of excavation (m)
7.8
8.15
104
Travel speed (km/hr)
1.8and3.1
1.9
106and61
Engine horsepower
82
84
102
Weight (tons)
21.2
21.6
102
Function
Single-bucket excavators of this size are used for
medium-scale excavating and loading work in a variety
of applications at construction sites, quarries, and the
like.
Comparability
In actual use the Soviet and US excavators would
perform about the same. The US analog has a slightly
smaller bucket, but its greater radius of excavation
would require less frequent shifts of position, which, in
turn, also partially offsets the Soviet model's greater
travel speed.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In 1967, the USSR produced 23,600 single-bucket
excavators of all sizes, about 4,700 of which had
buckets in the category of 0.35 to 0.8 m3. In 1972, the
United States produced about 4,200 single-bucket
excavators of all sizes, only a few dozen of which had
buckets in the aforementioned category.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
22,190
Dollars:
111,283
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.20
Specifications: USSR
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Bucket capacity (m') 1.25
1.15
92
Swing of platform (rpm) 4.75
3.7
78
Radius of excavation (m)' 9.9
9.98
101
Maximum unloading height (m)' 5.1
5.13
101
Travel speed (km/hr) 1.5
1.44
96
Engine horsepower 130
165
127
Weight (tons)' 42.0
46.7
111
With boom angle at an inclination of 45?.
' With a straight bucket, that is, a bucket that loads at the front and
dumps at the rear.
Function
Single-bucket excavators of this size are used for
medium-scale excavating and loading work in a variety
of applications at construction sites, quarries, open pit
mining, and the like.
Comparability
In actual use the Soviet and US excavators would
perform about the same even though the bucket of the
US analog is slightly smaller. US manufacturers felt
that the Soviet model was underpowered for the size of
its bucket, based on US practice. In fact, when the
optional 1.34 m' bucket (only 7 percent larger than the
Soviet) is used on the US analog, an engine of about
238 horsepower is installed. Greater power is consid-
ered necessary so that the unit can maintain its
performance even under the most difficult digging
conditions.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In 1967, the USSR produced 23,600 single-bucket
excavators of all sizes, about 1,900 of which had
buckets in the category of 1.0 to 1.25 m'. In 1972, the
United States produced about 4,200 single-bucket
excavators of all sizes, only a few dozen of which had
buckets in the aforementioned category.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 9,590
Dollars: 35,562
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .27
Maximum depth of trench (m)
Maximum width of trench (cm)'
Maximum forward movement of trenching (m/min)
Number of speeds for forward movement
Maximum bucket-line speed (m/min)
Engine horsepower
Weight (tons)
I At the bottom of the trench.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
3.5
3.35
96
80
76
95
1.92
3.75
195
8
30
375
66
69
105
60
81
135
12.26
7.78
63
Function
Trenching excavators are used to dig trenches for the
burying of tile or cable.
Comparability
The US excavator is more productive than the Soviet
model. It digs a slightly smaller trench, but its
trenching speed is almost double that of the Soviet, due
primarily to a more powerful engine coupled with
considerably less weight. With 30 different speeds for
forward movement rather than the eight of the Soviet
model, the US analog also has superior capabilities in
adjusting the rate of trenching to the particular
conditions of the soil.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. In
1972, the United States produced about 10,700
trenching excavators, about 10,100 of which had a
ladder-type trenching system. The USSR produced
only about 2,300 multibucket excavators of all types
and sizes (including ladder-type trenchers) in 1967.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
465
Dollars:
2,113
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.22
Specifications:
USSR
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Width of blade (mm)
1,540
3,100-
Number of teeth
4
5
Width of grab (mm)'
1,380
1,473
107
Maximum depth teeth can be submerged (mm)
400
406
102
Tracklaying tractor used (hp)
108
105
97
Weight (without tractor) (kg)
1,300
1,030
79
' Blade is a standard width of 3,100 millimeters but can be equipped
with from five to nine teeth depending upon the requirements of the
buyer. Five teeth, however, would not be spread over the full span of
the blade since to do so would leave too large a gap between teeth.
' With the number of teeth indicated for each model.
Function Representativeness
Stump removers, mounted on the front of the tractor The representativeness of this item is uncertain for
like a bulldozer blade, are used to remove stumps and lack of production data. There probably are a great
large rocks in land clearing operations. many of them used in both countries.
Comparability
The Soviet and US stump removers are closely
comparable in performance in that they have about the
same power, width of grab, and distance that teeth can
be submerged. The difference in the number of teeth
would not be significant in most applications.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles: 2,270
Dollars: 5,262
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .43
Material ripped per hour (thousand m')'
Width of ripped strip (m)
Depth of penetration (mm)
Maximum travel speeds (km/hr)
Forward
Reverse
Number of ripping shanks
Tracklaying tractor used (hp)
Weight (without tractor) (kg)
Theoretical, by multiplying width of ripped strip by depth of
penetration by maximum forward speed.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
10.78
12.42
115
1.9
2.34
123
560
478
85
10.13
11.1
110
7.61
10.1
133
3
3
100
108
105
97
1,550
1,497
97
Function
Tractor-mounted rippers of this size typically are used
in mining and construction work to penetrate and
loosen materials such as rock, shale, and compacted or
frozen soil for removal by other equipment.
Comparability
With a theoretical productivity 15 percent above that
of the Soviet model, the US analog probably would rip
up more ground under any conditions. Moreover, the
analog is of the "parallelogram type" rather than the
"hinged type" like the Soviet model. The advantage is
that the shanks are maintained in a more constant
penetration angle, particularly when ripping at less
than maximum depth. The advantage of the Soviet
model is that it can rip to a greater depth. Maximum
ripping depth could only be used in soil that was not
frozen or heavily stone infested, but when feasible to
use, it would mean fewer passes to complete a job.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
About 5,400 rippers of all sizes were produced in the
United States in 1972. Production in the USSR in
1967 is unknown, but about 2,300 units were produced
in 1966 with about 3,700 units planned by 1971.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
8,440
Dollars:
28,627
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.29
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Amount of asphalt laid
Square meters per minute'
119.0
120.8
102
Cubic meters per minute
17.85
24.52
137
Type
Tracked
Wheeled
-
Maximum width of asphalted strip (mm)
3,500
3,962
113
Maximum thickness of asphalt laid (mm)
150
203
135
Maximum working speeds (m/min)
Forward
34
30.5
90
Backward
34
26.4
78
Capacity of level asphalt bunker (kg)
4,500
8,165
181
Transport speed (km/hr)
2
16.1
805
Engine horsepower
40
59
148
Weight (kg)
12,000
7,664
64
' Theoretical, by multiplying the width of the asphalted strip
by the maximum forward speed.
I Theoretical, by multiplying the width of the asphalted strip
by the maximum forward speed by the thickness of the asphalt
laid.
Function
Asphalt laying machines, whether tracked or wheeled,
are used for paving or resurfacing areas such as
highways, streets, and parking lots.
Comparability
The Soviet and US machines have about the same
productivity in terms of the square meters of asphalt
that can be laid in a given time. The US analog,
however, with its larger bunker, can maintain op-
erations longer without being resupplied with new
asphalt and can, when necessary, also lay down
a thicker surface with each pass. The difference
in weight and transport speed is largely explained
by the heavy track system under the Soviet model
while the analog is on wheels. The Soviet machine
is believed to have been copied from a US model
that was discontinued in the late 1950s. Infinitely
variable speed with hydrostatic drive has been in-
corporated into the particular US machine considered
here. The Soviet machine still has the old mechanical
drive.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
The US produced about 800 asphalt laying machines
of all sizes in 1972 compared with about 200 in
the USSR in 1967.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Machinery
and Equipment
Item Number 166
Tsennik.
Rubles:
147
Dollars:
216
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.68
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Productivity (Itrs/hr)
1,800'
NA
-
Capacity of drum (Itrs)
100
127
127
Capacity of finished cement (ltrs)
65
71
109
Power of electric motor (kW)
0.6
0.37
62
Weight (kg)
230
91
40
Obviously a theoretical productivity rate since a batch of finished
cement about every 2.2 minutes is indicated.
Function
Portable cement mixers of this size are used in
construction projects where either the quantities of
cement needed are too small or the location too remote
or difficult of access to make large mixers or ready-mix
truck deliveries practical.
Comparability
Despite its lighter weight and smaller motor, the US
analog probably is more productive than the Soviet
model. Although actual productivity is not given for
the analog, it clearly makes more finished cement per
batch and presumably could make each batch about as
quickly. However, in practice, neither unit could
produce finished cement on a continuing basis at the
rate ascribed to the Soviet model. The Soviet mixer is
unusually heavy considering the smallness of its drum
relative to the US analog. The weight apparently is in a
very heavy frame and base which would permit rugged,
abusive use.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
United States produced about 35,000 small, portable
mixers in 1972, including an unknown number of
hand-operated units. The USSR produced 23,000
cement mixers in 1967, but the share of small, portable
units of the total is unknown.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Construction Materials Machinery
and Equipment
Rubles:
3,160
Dollars:
18,029
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.18
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum size of stone that can be crushed (mm)
340
Similar
100
Size of loading opening (mm)
400 x 600
380 x 610
97
Size of discharge opening (mm)
40 x 100
38 x 127
121
Power of electric motor (kW)
28
29.8
106
Weight (kg)
6,450
5,797
90
Function
Jaw crushers are used to break up large rocks
to produce material for roadbeds, foundations, and
similar construction uses.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are well matched. They
will crush stone to the same maximum size and,
with about the same power, should be able to
do it at about the same rate.
Representativeness
This item probably is representative of production
in both countries.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Locomotives)
Railroad passenger locomotive (diesel-electric)
Tractive effort' (kg at 50 km/hr)
Rated power of diesel engine (hp and rpm)
Rated power of traction motor (kW)
Maximum power on wheel rims (hp)
Design speed (km/hr)
Fuel consumption (grams/brake hp/hr)
Number of sections
' Measures the ability of a locomotive to accelerate a load
at a given speed and a general indicator of the ability to
start a load.
Function
These locomotives are used to pull passenger trains. A
diesel engine drives a generator that, in turn, drives
electric motors geared to the axles.
Comparability
The Soviet and US locomotives differ mainly in
weight, tractive effort, and design speed. The Soviet
model is heavier with less tractive effort but has
greater design speed. This implies that it is geared to
pull a lighter train at a higher speed than the US
model. Conversely, the US analog can pull a heavier
train. These characteristics reflect the different end-
use patterns and requirements of the respective econo-
mies. The Soviet model is of older design than the US
analog, having been in continuous production in the
USSR, without major design changes, since 1960;
hence, its greater weight.
* Tsennik 100 is not available, but a Tsennik 100 price was obtained
from a secondary source: Instruktsiya po opredeleniyu
ekonomicheskoy effektivnostikapital'nykh vlozheniy na
zheleznodorozhnom transporte, Transport, Moscow, 1973, page 21.
Rubles:
255,120
Dollars:
202,075
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.26
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
12,500
14,500
116
3,000
(750)
3,000
(900)
100
307
407
133
2,380
2,827
119
160
114-133
71-83
170-175
163
96-93
1
1
-
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The United States produced about 1,500
diesel-electric locomotives in 1972, and the USSR
produced about the same number in 1967. In addition,
the particular Soviet and US models considered here
also were produced in the same quantity-about 50
units.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Locomotives)
Rated power of traction motor (kW)
Maximum power on wheel rims (hp)
Design speed (km/hr)
Fuel consumption (grams/brake hp/hr)
Number of sections
Total weight per section in working order (kg)
' Measures the ability of a locomotive to accelerate a load
at a given speed and a general indicator of the ability to
start a load.
Rubles:
228,900
Dollars:
379,907
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.60
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
2,000
(850)
1,800
(1,050)
90
206
670
325
3,140
3,060
97
100
112-150
112-150
170-175
163
96-93
2
2
-
Function
These locomotives are used to pull freight trains. A
diesel engine drives a generator that, in turn, drives
electric motors geared to the axles.
Comparability
The Soviet and US locomotives are closely matched in
their ability to start and move freight trains. They have
similar tractive effort at the wheels at low speed where
tractive effort is important for a freight locomotive.
The US analog has great power in its traction motor,
but its lighter weight on the four driving axles of each
section limits its tractive effort. The Soviet model has
excess power in its diesel engine, but its tractive effort
is limited by th? low power of its traction motor that
drives the six axles on each section. The US locomotive
probably would be the more economical to operate
because it is less complex and gets its traction from a
smaller engine with better specific fuel consumption.
* Tsennik 100 is not available, but a Tsennik 100 price was obtained
from a secondary source: Instruktsiya, op. cit., page 21.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
By 1967, the Soviet model had been in continuous
production since 1953 without any major design
changes. Several hundred units were produced in 1967
compared with about 10 units of the US analog in
1972.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Locomotives)
Rubles:
281,450
Dollars:
502,966
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.56
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Tractive effort' (kg at indicated km/hr)
Continuous rating
45,100 at 53.6
27,216 at 53
60
Power of tractive motors (kW)
Continuous rating'
6,160
3,800
62
Number of motors/kW each
8/815
6/670
75/82
Maximum speed (km/hr)
110
116
105
Number of sections
2
1
-
Weight (kg)
184,000
190,000
103
Weight to power ratio (kg/kW)
29.9
50.0
167
' Measures the ability of a locomotive to accelerate a load
at a given speed and a general indicator of the ability to
start a load.
'The continuous rating is 94 percent of total power for the
Soviet model and 95 percent for the US model.
Function Representativeness
These locomotives are used to pull freight trains. This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Soviet output reached the level of about 100 units in
Comparability 1967. About 10 units of the US model were produced
There is no close US analog for the Soviet model, in 1972.
which is equal in tractive effort to about one and two-
thirds locomotives of the type selected as an analog.
The Soviet locomotive is a two-section model with both
sections always operating together. The US analog
provides greater versatility because it can operate as a
single unit or in multiples of two or more depending
upon the train weight and speed desired.
* Tsennik 100 is not available, but a Tsennik 100 price was obtained
from a secondary source: Instruktsiya, op. cit., page 22.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Freight Cars)
Tsennik. 100 (72);*
Floor area (m')
Volume (m')
Capacity (tons)
Wheel base (mm)
17,090
.44
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
120
121
101
22'
24.5
111
37
35.7
96
120
116.6
97
62
63.5
102
10,000
11,811
118
Function
Boxcars are totally enclosed containers used to carry
cargo that may need protection.
Comparability
These models differ slightly in weight and size
due to different wheel bases. The US model is
slightly heavier because its floor, top, and sides
are made of metal versus wood on the Soviet model.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. The Soviet model is produced on a large
scale in a small number of very large plants. Boxcars
are manufactured in large quantities in both countries,
probably representing roughly equal shares of freight
car production. In 1967, the USSR produced about
44,000 freight cars of all types compared with about
48,000 in the United States in 1972.
* Tsennik 100 is not available, but a Tsennik 100 price was
obtained from a secondary source: Instruktsiya, op. cit., page
19.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Freight Cars)
Rubles: 6,970
Dollars: 15,470
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .45
Capacity (tons)
Empty weight (tons)
Volume (m')
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
60 63.52 106
22.8 23.13 101
61.2 74.22 121
120 120 100
Function
Tank cars are used to transport liquid cargo.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are quite similar but differ
in the volume and weight of cargo they can carry. The
US analog can carry about a 20 percent greater
volume of liquid if it is of light weight (low specific
gravity) without exceeding the car's hauling capacity
in tons.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Both countries build a similar quantity of tank cars,
but the Soviet model in this particular size is produced
in considerably larger quantities than the US produces
in the US analog size. Most tank cars in the United
States have capacities of 90 tons or more.
* Tsennik 100 is not available, but a Tsennik 100 price was obtained
from a secondary source: Instruktsiya, op. cit., page 19.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Freight Cars)
Rubles: 5,700
Dollars: 15,301
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .37
Capacity (tons)
Empty weight (tons)
Volume (m')
Designed speed (km/hr)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
63
63.5
101
25.4
27.67
109
70.5
63.50
90
120
120
100
Function
Gondolas are roofless cars that transport bulk goods
such as coal, gravel, and rocks.
Comparability
Both models are very similar in hauling capacity and
only about 10 percent apart in empty weight and
volume. The US analog is slightly heavier, but both are
designed for the same speed. The Soviet model has a
slightly larger volume which may be attributed to
higher walls.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Although gondolas are produced in similar quantities
in both countries, the United States does not produce
many 63-ton models. The 90-ton models are favored
instead.
* Tsennik 100 is not available, but a Tsennik 100 price was obtained
from a secondary source: Instruktsiya, op. cit., page 19.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
6,840,000
Dollars:
12,770,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.54
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons) 3
3,460
3,460
100
'The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from un-
published sources.
' Net of cargo.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
6,870,000
Dollars:
14,820,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.46
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons) 2
3,760
3,760
100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from un-
published sources.
2 Net of cargo.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
8,300,000
Dollars:
17,110,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.49
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons)
4,270
4,270
100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
' Net of cargo.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
11,650,000
Dollars:
26,370,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.44
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons)
7,150
7,150
100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
'Net of cargo.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
14,910,000
Dollars:
26,190,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.57
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons)
11,200
11,200
100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
' Net of cargo.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles: 9,600,000
Dollars: 19,800,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .48
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons)' 4,860 4,860 100
'The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
' Net of cargo.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
12,600,000
Dollars:
24,520,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.51
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons) 2
8,100
8,100
100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
2 Net of Cargo.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships)'
Rubles:
14,770,000
Dollars:
29,930,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.49
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons)
12,000
12,000
100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
' Net of cargo.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Transportation Equipment
(Merchant Ships) '
Rubles: 31,130,000
Dollars: 53,780,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .58
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Light displacement (tons) 2 30,200 30,200 100
' The descriptive and price data for merchant ships are from
unpublished sources.
2 Net of Cargo.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
hp
at rpm
at rpm
2,000
1,600
80
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
100
113
113
Fuel consumption (ltrs/100 km)
12
14.7
122
Travel distance without refueling (km)
465
541
116
(Trucks)
Rubles:
1,640
Dollars:
2,976
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.55
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
1,000
1,119
112
Cargo platform area (m2)
4.86
4.46
92
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
2,510
2,744
109
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
-
Number of cylinders
Engine power
Function
These are general-purpose, light-cargo-carrying "pick-
up" type vehicles. They can be used with or without
sides. They are used mainly for intraurban transport.
Comparability
The Soviet model is a smaller, less powerful vehicle
than the US analog. Nevertheless, it carries nearly as
much cargo in weight and slightly more in bulk
(8 percent greater cargo platform area). The Soviet
model can travel nearly as fast as the US model at
maximum speed, travels almost as far without refuel-
ing, and consumes substantially less fuel. In addition,
the Soviet vehicle can ford a stream three-quarters of a
meter in depth-a capability the US analog does not
have. The Soviet vehicle has relatively less acceleration
and would be less effective than the US model in hilly
terrain. The average speed would be lower for the
Soviet truck because it is underpowered compared to
the US analog.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
Soviet model is the only model produced in the USSR
in the given weight class; it represented about 5 percent
of total Soviet truck production in 1967. The US model
in 1972 was 2 percent of US truck production, but its
weight and type of vehicle represented 43 percent of
US truck output.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
3,590
Dollars:
6,360
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.56
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
2,000
2,087
104
Cargo platform area (m2)
6.83
6.83
100
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
5,470
4,990
91
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
-
Number of cylinders
Engine power
kgm
29
43.7
151
at rpm
2,300
2,200
96
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
90
97
108
Fuel consumption (Itrs/100 km)
24
29.4
122
Travel distance without refueling (km)
875
309
35
Function
These are all-terrain, cargo-carrying vehicles used in
agriculture, construction, and for military transport.
Comparability
The Soviet model is a heavier, less powerful, vehi.?:e
with a cruising range two and a half times the US
analog because it has two fuel tanks. The US analog
can outperform the Soviet model on the highway and
in hilly terrain because of its higher horsepower and
torque, but it would run out of fuel sooner. The Soviet
vehicle, designed primarily for military use and rugged
civilian use, has capabilities that the US analog does
not have such as control of tire pressure from the cab
and the ability to ford streams higher than the truck
axle.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The Soviet model holds a larger share of truck
production in the USSR than does the US analog in
the United States, mainly because the Soviet model is
widely used by the military. In 1972 the US model
represented less than 1 percent of the total US truck
production.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
2,700
Dollars:
6,093
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.44
Specifications:
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
4,000
3,600
90
Cargo platform area (m')
8.14
8.14
100
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
7,250
6,800
94
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
-
Number of cylinders
8
6
75
Engine power
hp
115
140
122
at rpm
3,200
3,900
122
Maximum torque
at rpm
2,000
1,600
80
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
80
100
125
Fuel consumption (ltrs/100 km)
24
24
100
Travel distance without refueling (km)
375
380
101
Function Representativeness
These are general-purpose, cargo-carrying highway This item is more representative of Soviet production,
vehicles that can be used by all economic sectors and accounting for about 18 percent of total truck produc-
for military transport. tion in 1967 while the US model represented less than
2 percent of truck production in 1972.
Comparability
The Soviet model is an underpowered, heavier, and
slower vehicle. Its eight-cylinder engine is about 20
percent weaker than the US analog's six-cylinder
engine, mainly because it was designed to burn a lower
octane fuel than its counterpart. Both trucks can carry
the same weight and amount of cargo over the same
distance with equal fuel expenditure.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
3,140
Dollars:
8,037
Ruble Dollar Ratio:
.39
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
5,000
5,832
117
Cargo platform area (m
8.73
8.73
100
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
9,300
9,528
102
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
-
Number of cylinders
Engine power
hp
at rpm
Maximum torque
at rpm
1,800
2,400
133
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
90
100
111
Fuel consumption (ltrs/100 km)
28
34
121
Travel distance without refueling (km)
600
235
39
Function
These are general-purpose, cargo-carrying highway
vehicles used by all sectors of the economy.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are well matched, thanks to
the ability of US manufacturers to tailor their trucks to
satisfy a variety of performance requirements. The
power, cargo capacity, and fuel consumption are not
greatly different, although the Soviet model could go
farther without refueling. Because the Soviet truck has
more dead weight as a percentage of gross vehicle
weight, theoretically it will burn a little more fuel per
ton-kilometer of cargo hauled than the US analog.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
accounting for approximately 15 percent of total truck
production in 1967. The US model represented only
about 2 percent of the US market in 1972. Both models
are produced in roughly equal number.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
6,290
Dollars:
16,395
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.38
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
5,000
4,535
91
Cargo platform area (m
8.34
8.14
98
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
11,460
10,444
91
Engine type
Gasoline
Diesel
-
Number of cylinders
Engine power
hp
at rpm
Maximum torque
kgm
41
47
115
at rpm
1,800
1,400
78
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
80
88.5
111
Fuel consumption (ltrs/100 km)
40
39.1
98
Travel distance without refueling (km)
850
484
57
Function
These are all-terrain, cargo-carrying vehicles, used in
agriculture and construction and for military
transport.
Comparability
Both models are quite similar in weight, cargo
capacity, and engine performance. The US analog has
a diesel engine, which accounts for the engine's larger
size, higher torque capability, and slightly lower
horsepower. The Soviet model has a much longer
cruising range due to its larger fuel tank; this reflects a
design intended to serve a military role. The US
analog, also primarily used by the military, does not
have a large fuel tank nor control of tire pressure from
the cab; it does have a multifuel capability which the
Soviet model does not have.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
accounting for about 4 percent of total truck produc-
tion in 1967 compared with less than 1 percent for the
US model in 1972. The USSR produces large numbers
of 6 x 6 trucks of this cargo capacity for the military
and civilian economies. They are required because of
the poor road system. The United States produces
them only for the military. Both the US and Soviet
trucks cost more than the trucks of the same cargo
capacity with conventional drive for use on improved
roads.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
9,140
Dollars:
31,482
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.29
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
7,500
8,165
109
Cargo platform area (m ')
9.48
9.48
100
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
15,500
14,969
97
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
Number of cylinders
8
8
Engine power
hp
180
199
111
at rpm
3,200
3,800
119
47.5
51.4
108
at rpm
1,800
2,100
117
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
75
80
107
Fuel tank capacity (ltrs)'
300
189
63
' Fuel consumption and travel distance without refueling were not
given for the US analog.
Function
These are all-terrain vehicles used by the military and,
to a lesser extent, in construction and agriculture.
Comparability
Both models are quite similar in weight, cargo
capacity, engine performance, and top speed. The
Soviet model has a much larger fuel tank, which gives
it a greater cruising range. Unlike the US analog, the
Soviet vehicle has tire pressure control from the cab
but does not have dual wheels on the rear axles like the
US model.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
accounting for about 3 percent of total truck produc-
tion in 1967. This type of truck (6 x 6) is produced in
far greater quantity in the USSR than in the United
States because of the preponderance of unpaved roads
in the USSR.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
5,860
Dollars:
14,595
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.40
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (kg)
7,500
7,648
102
Cargo platform area (m 2)
11.43
11.43
100
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
14,000
12,477
89
Engine type
Diesel
Diesel
Number of cylinders
6
6
Engine power
hp
at rpm
Maximum torque
at rpm
1,500
1,800
120
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
75
111
148
Fuel consumption (ltrs/100 km)
22
25
114
Travel distance without refueling (km)
900
968
108
Function
These are general-purposed, heavy-duty cargo-carry-
ing highway vehicles used in all sectors of the economy.
Comparability
The Soviet and US trucks are well matched in function
and performance, although the Soviet model has a cab-
over-engine while the analog has the conventional cab
used on this type of truck in US practice. The US truck
is capable of higher speeds and steeper grades because
it has less dead weight and, therefore, less gross vehicle
weight for about the same payload. This capability is
enhanced by the two-speed rear axle which gives the
analog 10 speeds rather than the five of the Soviet
truck. The greater range of speeds gives the analog the
advantage in choosing the most economical speed for
varying highway and load conditions.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries in the given weight class, although the
United States produced about four times as many
trucks in this weight class in 1972 as the USSR did in
1967.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
8,320
Dollars:
25,532
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.33
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (tons)
12
14.9
124
Cargo platform area (m
14.31
14.31
100
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
23,130
22,900
99
Engine type
Diesel
Diesel
Number of cylinders
8
8
Engine power
hp
240
242
101
at rpm
2,100
2,100
100
kgm
87
96
110
at rpm
1,500
1,200
80
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
60
80
133
Fuel consumption (ltrs/ 100 km)
45
47
104
Travel distance without refueling (km)
1,000
805
80
Function
These are heavy-duty highway cargo-carrying vehicles
used by most sectors of the economy.
Comparability
The Soviet model is a slightly heavier vehicle but
is equally fuel efficient and, with a larger fuel
tank, has a longer cruising range. The US analog
can carry more freight even though its gross vehicle
weight is the same as the Soviet model. Both models
are equally powerful. The Soviet model is designed
for freight transport at moderate speeds because
of poor roads and is geared for a lower maximum
speed.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Output of this particular Soviet model in 1967
was six times that of the US model in 1972. However,
the United States produced 10 times more trucks
of this type and weight class.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO135OR000100190001-6 __ __
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Trucks)
Rubles:
26,050
Dollars:
68,898
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.38
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Cargo capacity (tons)
27
25.4
94
Volume of cargo body (m')
15.3
13.9
91
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
47,925
47,530
99
Diesel
Diesel
12
8
hp
at rpm
2,100
2,100
100
Maximum torque
kgm
130
122
94
at rpm
1,500
1,525
102
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
55
54
98
Time to raise platform (sec)'
25
14
56
Time to lower platform (sec)'
20
9.5
48
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
Off-highway dump trucks are used in open pit mining
and quarry operations and for large construction
projects.
Comparability
Both vehicles are very similar in cargo capacity,
weight, horsepower, and top speed characteristics.
Although the engine in the US analog has a smaller
displacement, it is a two-stroke type and nearly
matches the power of the Soviet vehicle through
turbocharging. The US truck is twice as fast in raising
and lowering its dump platform because it has a higher
capacity hydraulic system. The Soviet truck is a little
better in tons of payload per ton of empty weight.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In fact, the Soviet model represents the total Soviet
production of about 1,000 off-highway dump trucks in
1967. The United States produced about 2,000 off-
highway dump trucks in 1972, but about 80 percent of
them were more than 27-ton capacity.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Passenger Cars)
Tsennik
110 (72); 402
Rubles:
1,410
Dol'ars:
3,662
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.39
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Curb weight (kg)
1,525
1,714
112
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
2,175
2,359
108
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
Number of cylinders
4
6
Engine power
hp
52
110
212
at rpm
3,600
3,800
106
Maximum torque
kgm
12.5
25
200
at rpm
2,000
1,600
80
Maxium speed, full load (km/hr)
90
100
111
Fuel consumption (ltrs/ 100 km)
14
17
121
Travel distance without refueling (km)
615
465
76
Function
These are eight-passenger, all-terrain vehicles, used in
military and civilian applications.
Comparability
Both vehicles are similar in size and weight but not in
the size of the engine or its performance. The US
analog outperforms the Soviet model with a higher top
speed and greater reaction over poorer, hilly roads and
terrain. But the Soviet vehicle has a lower fuel
consumption and a higher cruising range because of its
lower operating speed and smaller engine.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The Soviet model was the primary jeep produced in the
USSR in 1967, representing about 15 percent of
passenger car production. Output of the US model in
1972 was twice that of the USSR but represented only
about 2 percent of total car production.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Passenger Cars)
Rubles: 1,700
Dollars: 2,384
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .71
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Curb weight (kg)
1,000
1,167
117
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
1,340
1,519
113
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
Number of cylinders
4
6
Engine power
hp
75
100
133
at rpm
3,000
3,600
120
kgm
11.4
25.5
224
at rpm
3,000
1,800
60
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
140
145
104
Fuel consumption (ltrs/ 100 km)
8.8
9.3
106
Travel distance without refueling (km)
523
811
155
Function
These are four-passenger highway vehicles for urban
and rural transportation.
Comparability
The US analog, although similar to the Soviet model in
size, weight, top speed, and fuel consumption, has a
larger, more powerful engine, giving it more accelera-
tion for high-speed highway driving and stronger
climbing ability on hilly roads. The Soviet vehicle is
designed for slower city and highway traffic for shorter
driving distances.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
accounting for about 30 percent of total passenger car
production in 1967. The US model represented less
than one-half of 1 percent of passenger car production
in 1972.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Passenger Cars)
Rubles:
2,730
Dollars:
2,801
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.97
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Curb weight (kg)
1,400
1,390
99
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
1,800
1,888
105
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
-
hp
at rpm
Maximum torque
kgm
19.2
25.5
133
at rpm
2,400
1,600
67
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
145
145
100
Fuel consumption (Itrs/ 100 km)
8
11.2
140
Travel distance without refueling (km)
680
541
80
Function
These are five-passenger highway vehicles for urban
and rural transportation.
Comparability
The Soviet model is a less powerful vehicle than the US
analog with a smaller engine and 20 percent less fuel
consumption. Because of its greater fuel efficiency, the
Soviet model has a greater cruising range even with a
smaller gas tank. Although both cars are of equal size,
weight, and top speed capability, the US analog can
accelerate faster and is better suited for highway
driving needs.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
accounting for about 25 percent of total passenger
output in 1967. The US analog represented about
3 percent of US output in 1972. However, the United
States produced 15 times as many cars in this general
size and weight class.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Buses)
Rubles:
15,050
Dollars:
39,869
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.38
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Seated
25
45
180
Total, including standees
80-110
90
112-82
Curb weight (kg)
7,800
8,663
111
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
15,570
15,876
102
Engine type
Gasoline
Diesel
Number of cylinders
8
8
Engine power
hp
185
172
93
at rpm
3,200
2,000
62
Maximum torque
at rpm
1,800
1,000
56
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
70
80
114
Fuel consumption (ltrs/ 100 km)
45
47
104
Travel distance without refueling (km)
550
766
139
Function
These are city buses with a large passenger capacity.
Comparability
The Soviet bus does not seat as many passengers
and is lighter than its US counterpart. Nevertheless,
it carries more passengers during rush hours. The
US bus has a diesel engine giving it higher torque
for better hill climbing and better acceleration with
a full load.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR produced about 40,000 buses of all
types in 1967, most of which were buses for public
transportation and about 20 percent of which were
accounted for by the LiAZ-677. In 1972, the United
States produced about 7,800 buses of all types,
a large share of which were school buses, and
only a few hundred of which were the model of
the US analog. The public transportation system
is less developed in the United States because of
the great preference for private automobiles.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Automobiles
(Buses)
Rubles:
5,050
Dollars:
29,800
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.17
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Seated
23
25
109
Total, including standees
45
45
100
Curb weight (kg)
4,535
5,700
126
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
8,060
8,762
109
Engine type
Gasoline
Gasoline
Number of cylinders
8
8
Engine power
at rpm
2,000
2,400
120
Maximum speed, full load (km/hr)
80
97
121
Fuel consumption (Itrs/100 km)
20.5
34
166
Travel distance without refueling (km)
512
890
174
Function
These are medium-sized city buses with moderate
carrying capacity.
Comparability
The Soviet and US buses are well matched. Both have
special unitized bus bodies built to give long service,
and both carry about the same number of passengers.
However, the Soviet bus has leaf springs, manual
transmission, and vacuum-assisted hydraulic brakes
whereas the US analog has air springs, automatic
transmission, and air brakes. The air springs should
give a smoother ride, and the automatic transmission
and air brakes should make for easier handling. With
its more powerful engine and, hence, greater speed, the
analog should be able to operate on shorter scheduling.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR produced about 40,000 buses of all types in
1967, most of which were buses for public transporta-
tion and about 40 percent of which were accounted for
by the PAZ-672. In 1972, the United States produced
about 7,800 buses of all types, a large share of which
were school buses and less than 100 of which were the
model of the US analog. The public transportation
system is less developed in the United States because of
the great preference for private automobiles.
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Automobiles
(Gasoline Engines)
Rubles: 440
Dollars: 1,099
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .40
10.16
6Ch
d
l
e
:
Soviet Mo
Tlu
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type of engine
Gasoline
Gasoline
Number of cylinders
6
6
Engine power
at rpm
1,100
1,200
109
Specific fuel consumption (grams/brake hp/hr)'
255
222
87
Displacement (Itrs)
5.56
4.88
88
Weight (kg)
440
378
86
Guaranteed engine life to overhaul (hr)
500
1,000
200
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
capability.
2 Warrantee period. Actual time to first overhaul should be greater.
Function Representativeness
These are general-purpose engines that are most This item is more representative of Soviet production.
often installed in medium-size (5-ton) trucks. In 1972, the US engine was not used in many
trucks or buses. The Soviet engine was used in
Comparability about 10 percent of the trucks in 1967.
The Soviet engine is a copy of the US engine,
in its World War 11 design, that does not incorporate
subsequent improvements that are in the US model;
hence, the superior performance of the US engine.
The major modification to the US model was a
shift from a side valve configuration to overhead
valves.
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Tractors
Type of engine
Rated engine horsepower
Maximum drawbar horsepower'
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
Forward speed range (km/hr)
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
Maximum winch pull (kg)
Dry weight with cab (kg)
Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
Function
Log skidders are used in forestry to pull fallen trees
from cutting areas to staging areas for processing or
loading onto transport.
Comparability
The US tractor is a general-purpose model that
performs the same function as the Soviet model but is
used also in a wide variety of other applications such as
bulldozing; hence, the high number of speeds. The
Soviet tractor is a special-purpose model used only in
logging. The 32 percent greater pulling power of the
US analog is offset to some degree by design features
on the Soviet model that permit it to operate more
efficiently in adverse terrain and weather, conditions
that often prevail in logging areas. For example, the
Soviet model has an older, but more sophisticated and
softer riding, track system than the US model which
should permit it to operate at relatively higher speeds
over rough terrain. Moreover, on the Soviet model the
ends of logs are winched up onto a rear deck plate, thus
Rubles:
5,620
Dollars:
16,976
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.33
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Diesel
Diesel
62
NA
47
48.6
103
6,200
8,200
132
5/1
8/4
160/400
2.5-11.0
2.1-10.8
84-98
2.3
2.7-10.3
117-448
7,250
7,480
103
8,700
6,600
76
reducing the drag during travel, and probably track
slippage as well under muddy conditions. The US
model simply winches ends of the logs off the ground
high enough to keep them from digging in during
travel.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Virtually all log skidders in the USSR were tracked in
1967, whereas a great many wheeled skidders have
been in use in the United States for a number of years.
Production of the TDT-55 began in 1967, but it is
based on a model that has been in production since the
early 1960s.
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Rubles:
3,590
Dollars:
16,987
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.21
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type of engine
Diesel
Rated engine horsepower
75
Rated drawbar horsepower'
56'
68
121
Rated drawbar pull (kg)
3,400
4,590
135
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)'
3,850
5,560
144
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
7/1
5/5
71/500
Forward speed range (km/hr)
5.1-10.7
4.0-7.4
78-69
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
4.4
4.8-8.9
109-202
Weight (kg) '
6,370
6,800
107
' Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' The maximum during testing was 61.1 drawbar horsepower.
' With ballast and 3 percent slippage on the Soviet model;
at point of first slippage and no ballast on the US model.
' In serviced condition without ballast or driver; shipping weight
for the US model.
Function
Tractors of this size are typically used for plowing and
other field work on large farms. With modifications,
they also are used in construction work and other
industrial applications.
Comparability
The United States does not produce a general-purpose
tracklaying tractor of as low power as the Soviet
model. Therefore, the US analog should consistently
outperform the Soviet model on jobs where power is
essential. The Soviet tractor has a slight advantage in
its higher forward speed in basic operations such as
plowing where the work goes on hour after hour over
large areas. In normal field operations, there is not
much of an advantage to the higher reverse speed of
the US analog.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Nearly one-half of the tractors produced in the USSR
in 1967 were tracklaying models compared with about
10 percent in the United States in 1972. Of the Soviet
tracklaying tractors produced in 1967, about 27
percent were 75-horsepower DT-75s or T-74s (a
tracklaying model quite similar in appearance and
performance to the DT-75). The US model falls in a
horsepower class that accounted for about one-fifth of
1972 production. Production of the DT-75 began in
1963.
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Tractors
Rubles:
4,760
Dollars:
21,674
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.22
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type of engine
Diesel
Diesel
-
Rated engine horsepower
108
105'
97
Rated drawbar horsepower
76
90
118
Maximum drawbar horsepower
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)'
10,700
11,130
104
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
5/4
5/4
100/100
Forward speed range (km/hr)
2.4-10.1
2.7-11.1
112-110
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
2.8-7.6
3.4-10.1
121-133
Weight (kg)'
11,450
10,900
95
Flywheel horsepower, the close equivalent of Soviet engine
horsepower.
' Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' With standard transmission.
' In serviced condition ready to operate.
Function
General-purpose tracklaying tractors of this size, with
use of optional track widths, hydraulic mounting
equipment, and rear hitches, function in a wide variety
of industrial applications and, on a much smaller scale,
in agriculture.
Comparability
The US and Soviet tractors are closely comparable in
maximum drawbar pulling capacity, but the slight
edge of the US analog in power and pull coupled with
its higher speed would probably result in a somewhat
higher level of performance in most operations. The
faster reverse speed of the US model would give it a
particular advantage when used as a bulldozer in
"back and fill" work.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Nearly one-half of the tractors produced in the USSR
in 1967 were tracklaying models compared with about
10 percent in the United States in 1972. Within the
category of tracklaying tractors, however, the US
analog is fairly representative, falling within a horse-
power class that accounted for about one-fifth of 1972
production. The T-100M by itself accounted for about
15 percent of Soviet tracklaying tractor production in
1967. Production of the T-100M began in 1963.
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Type of engine
Rated engine horsepower
Rated drawbar pull (kg)
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
Forward speed range (km/hr)
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
Weight (kg) '
Rubles:
17,570
Dollars:
40,979
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.43
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Diesel
Diesel
-
180
180'
100
13,820
13,910
101
5/2
5/4
100/200
2.9-12.0
2.9-7.2
100/60
3.2-7.5
3.4-6.6
106-88
15,850
15,420
97
' With a five-speed optional direct drive transmission which
provides almost exactly the drawbar pull to match the Soviet
model. With a five-speed standard transmission the tractor is
not a good match because of its greater pulling power and
wider speed ranges in forward and reverse.
' Flywheel horsepower, the close equivalent of Soviet engine
horsepower.
' In serviced condition.
Function
Tractors of this size are used in a variety of industrial
applications as bulldozers, pushers, and rippers.
Comparability
The US and Soviet tractors are used for much the same
types of work and would perform similarly in first gear.
The faster forward speed of the Soviet tractor is offset
by relatively poor pulling power in fifth gear. In fifth
gear, drawbar pull drops to under 60 percent of the
fifth gear pull of the US analog. This deficiency would
be a distinct disadvantage in jobs in which both power
and speed are essential (a very common situation with
tractors of this size). The Soviet tractor probably is
geared in this way to make it useful in a broader range
of operations than the US model since the USSR
produces a more limited range of horsepower sizes than
the United States in large industrial tractors.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production
in the sense that tracklaying tractors accounted for
about 50 percent of Soviet production in 1967 com-
pared with about 10 percent of US production in 1972.
However, within the category of heavy-duty industrial
tracklaying tractors, the US model is more representa-
tive. The United States produced over 5,000 industrial
tracklaying tractors of this horsepower and larger in
1972 compared with only about 1,000 in the USSR in
1967. Production of the T-180 began in 1965.
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Type of engine
Rated engine horsepower
Maximum drawbar horsepower
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)'
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
Forward speed range (km/hr)4
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
Weight (kg)'
' PTO (power takeoff) horsepower.
' Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' Test results at 4.9 km/hr with 100 kilograms of ballast
on the Soviet tractor and about 980 kilograms of ballast on
the US model. The T-25 presumably was properly ballasted
to achieve the best results.
' The T-25 also has a speed reducing gear system of three
speeds that, when engaged, will permit a speed as low as
0.97 km/hr.
' In serviced condition with driver and ballast.
Function
Tractors of this size typically are used for general farm
work on small farms and for special requirements on
large farms.
Comparability
The US analog undoubtedly would outperform the
Soviet model in any application in which its higher
power could be utilized. However, the Soviet model has
some advantages over the US model: (1) a wider range
of speeds which permits gear selections more closely
keyed to work requirements; (2) a diesel engine that
should result in somewhat lower fuel operating costs
vis-a-vis the gasoline engine on the US model; and (3)
a conventional three-point hitch which would permit a
greater versatility in the types of implements that can
be used compared with the special one-point hitch on
the US analog.
Rubles:
1,700
Dollars:
3,035
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.56
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Diesel, air-cooled
Gas, water-cooled
-
20
25 '
125
15.9
21.25
134
766
1,060
138
6/6
4/1
67/17
5.7-21.6
3.2-21.7
56-100
5.7-21.6
4.8
84-22
1,725
2,189
127
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Wheeled tractors accounted for about 90 percent of
US tractor production in 1972 compared with about 50
percent in the USSR. In both countries, however, the
respective models are at the low end of the power
range. The Soviet model horsepower size accounted for
between 6 and 7 percent of production in 1967, and the
US model falls in the 9 to 34 horsepower range that
accounted for about 8 to 9 percent of production in
1972. The T-25 is patterned closely on a model that has
been in production since the late 1950s.
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Rubles:
2,750
Dollars:
5,426
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.51
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated engine horsepower
40
37.9'
95
Maximum drawbar horsepower
34.2
33.1
97
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)'
2,115
2,171
103
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
6/6
8/2
133/33
Forward speed range (km/hr)
6.1-26.7
2.2-24.4
36-91
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
6.1-26.7
NA
Weight (kg)'
2,864
2,100
' PTO (power take-off) horsepower.
' Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' Test data at a ballasted weight of 4,180 kilograms for the
Soviet model and 2,996 kilograms for the US model. At these
drawbar pulls, the speed of the two tractors was about the
same, but the wheel slippage was higher on the US model
because it does not have four-wheel drive.
' In serviced condition without ballast.
Function
Tractors of this size typically are used for general farm
work on small and medium farms, for special require-
ments on large farms, and for farm transport.
Comparability
The US and Soviet tractors would have similar
capabilities in normal farming operations. The Soviet
model, however, would have an advantage in extremely
adverse conditions since it has four-wheel drive that
automatically engages at a certain level of wheel
slippage. The United States does not provide four-
wheel drive on tractors this small. On the other hand,
the US analog has an operating advantage in speeds in
the working gears: six evenly spaced gears from 2.2 to
13.3 km/hr whereas the Soviet model starts at 6.1 and
goes up to 10.0 km/hr in its four working gears, leaving
a gap at the lower speeds that its special low-low speed
of 1.6 km/hr does not fill.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Wheeled tractors accounted for about 90 percent of
US production in 1972 compared with about 50
percent in the USSR in 1967. Within the category of
wheeled tractors, however, these models are of a very
common power size in both countries. Production of
the T-40A began in 1965.
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Rubles:
2,690
Dollars:
5,692
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.47
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Type of engine
Diesel
Diesel
-
Rated engine horsepower
55
52.6'
96
Maximum drawbar horsepower 3
48.2
47.6
99
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)'
2,500
2,500
100
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
9/2
8/2
89/100
Forward speed range (km/hr)
1.65-25.8
2.4-27.0
145-105
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
3.5-5.95
3.7-13.0
106-218
Weight (kg)'
2,750
2,385
87
' PTO (power take-off) horsepower.
' Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' Test results at 5.2 km/hr at a ballasted weight of 5,885
kilograms for the Soviet model and 3,742 kilograms for the
US model.
' In unserviced condition without ballast. The Soviet model
has an enclosed metal cab; the US analog is equipped with
an optional cloth cab.
Function
Tractors of this size typically are used for general farm
work on small farms and medium farms, for special
requirements on large farms, and for farm transport.
Comparability
The US and Soviet tractors would have similar
capabilities in normal farming operations, but, where
extra traction was needed, the Soviet model would
require more ballasting than the US analog to do the
job. In addition, the US tractor, with its faster reverse,
would have some advantage in special situations.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Wheeled tractors accounted for about 90 percent of
US production in 1972 compared with about 50
percent in the USSR in 1967. Within the category of
wheeled tractors, however, these models are of a
common size in both countries. Production of the
MTZ-50 began in 1963.
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Rated engine horsepower
Maximum drawbar horsepower 2
Rated drawbar pull (kg)'
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
Forward speed range (km/hr)
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
Weight (kg)'
PTO (power take-off) horsepower.
Z Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' At 8.5 km/hr for both tractors, with the Soviet model weighing
7,900 kilograms (no ballast) and the US model weighing 8,877
kilograms (with 488 kilograms of ballast and dual tires front
and rear). Maximum drawbar pull is double the rated power
shown for the US model; no data on maximum drawbar pull
are available for the Soviet model.
' In serviced condition without ballast but with dual tires front
and rear on the US model.
Function
Tractors of this size typically are used for general farm
work on large farms and are especially practical for
handling large tillage and planting implements.
Comparability
The US and Soviet tractors would have similar
capabilities in normal farming operations. The US
model, if of standard configuration, would not have
quite the advantage in drawbar pull that the table
indicates. The model considered here was tested only
* No Tsennik price is available. The ruble price is the enterprise
wholesale price; the dollar price is f.o.b. factory. The ruble price
is taken from Tekhnika v sel'skom khozyaystve, No. 11, November
1971, page 48.
Rubles:
8,250
Dollars:
18,295
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.45
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Diesel,
turbo-charged
Diesel,
turbo-charged
165
146.2'
89
122.4
127.7
104
3,500
4,200
120
16/4
16/4
100/100
1.8-30.1
3.2-34.6
178-115
6.6-10.4
6.6-12.1
100-116
7,900
8,310
105
with dual tires front and rear; this feature was not
available on the Soviet model. Dual tires provide better
pulling power, other things being equal.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Wheeled tractors accounted for about 90 percent of
US production in 1972 compared with about 50
percent in the USSR in 1967. Also, within the category
of wheeled tractors, the US model is more
representative.
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Specifications:
Type of engine
Rated engine horsepower
Maximum drawbar horsepower Z
Rated drawbar pull (kg)'
Maximum drawbar pull (kg)'
Number of speeds, fwd/rev
Forward speed range (km/hr)
Reverse speed range (km/hr)
Weight (kg)'
PTO (power take-off) horsepower.
' Drawbar horsepower is power actually available for pulling;
approximately, it is total tractor horsepower minus the power
needed to move the tractor itself.
' At 4.0 km/hr without ballast. Dual tires front and rear
on the US model.
' With a total weight of 17,855 kilograms for the Soviet model
at 3.96 km/hr with 15 percent slippage; with a total weight
of 10,124 kilograms for the US model at 3.54 km/hr with
15 percent slippage and dual tires front and rear.
' In serviced condition without ballast and dual tires front
and rear on the US model.
Function
Tractors of this size typically are used for general farm
work on large farms and are especially practical for
handling large tillage and planting implements.
Comparability
Without ballast on either model, the US analog,
despite its lighter weight, would outperform the Soviet
model. However, with ballasting, the capabilities of the
Soviet tractor could be brought up to rough equality
with the US model. Also, the advantage of the US
model in drawbar pull is somewhat less than the
specifications indicate because, unlike the Soviet, it
was tested with dual tires front and rear. Dual tires
provide better pulling power, other things being equal.
Rubles:
17,910
Dollars:
21,551
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.83
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Diesel,
turbo-charged
Diesel,
turbo-charged
-
212
175.8 '
83
153.5
160.5
105
8,200
9,700
118
10,100
10,214
101
16/8
16/4
100/50
2.9-31.7
3.4-36.0
117-114
5.1-28.7
6.5-12.6
127-44
12,000
10,045
84
Finally, the power shift on the move and the automatic
differential lock on both axles of the Soviet tractor
would somewhat offset the greater drawbar pull of the
US analog in certain applications.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Wheeled tractors accounted for about 90 percent of
US production in 1972 compared with about 50
percent in the USSR in 1967. Also, within the category
of wheeled tractors, the US model is more representa-
tive, falling in a horsepower class that accounted for
about 15 percent of US production in 1972 but only
about 2 percent of Soviet production in 1967. Produc-
tion of the K-700 began in 1964.
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Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
4,250
Dollars:
12,307
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.35
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Output of grain discharge conveyor (kg/sec)
16
25
156
Working width (m) '
4
3.96
99
Range of travel speeds (km/hr)
1.9-6.9
1-12
53-174
Grain bunker capacity (m')
1.8
2.07
115
Straw bunker capacity (m')
9
-3
-
Hydraulic control of reel speed and position
Yes
Yes
-
Turning speed of threshing drum (rpm)
410-1,335
387-1,172
94-88
Engine horsepower
75
64
85
Weight (kg)
6,205
5,031-
81
'The Soviet combine also is offered with cutting widths of 3.2,
5, and 6 meters; the US model with cutting widths of 3.05, 4.27,
and 4.57 meters.
' The normal speed of the US model in the field is 3.2 to 6.4
km/hr (2 to 4 mph). Comparable data for the Soviet model are
not available but probably would be similar to the US.
' A straw bunker as an integral part of the combine is not offered
on US models. The straw is spread on the ground behind the
combine in the United States.
' With a 4.57-meter cutting width.
Function
Self-propelled grain combines harvest grain crops
either by cutting the grain as they move through the
field or picking up previously cut grain from a
windrow. The grain is threshed as the combine moves
along and is stored in a bunker for subsequent
discharge into a truck or trailer moving alongside. The
straw is retained in a bunker at the rear and dumped at
intervals on the Soviet model and discharged onto the
ground at the rear on the US model.
Comparability
The US analog probably is more productive than the
Soviet model because of its larger grain bunker (which
requires less frequent unloading), faster grain dis-
charge rate, and the fact that it doesn't have to stop
periodically to empty a straw bunker. The higher speed
of the US model would also give it an advantage in
getting to and from the field. In actual combining
operations, the two models probably would travel at
about the same speed. The attached bunker for
catching and dumping the straw accounts, in part, for
the heavier weight of the Soviet model and its need for
a larger engine.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
the SK-4 having accounted for about 95 percent of
grain combine production in 1967. There was a greater
variety of grain combine sizes produced in the United
States in 1972. Production of the SK-4 began in 1962.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
1,570
Dollars:
4,846
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.32
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Rated productivity (kg/sec)
20
NA
-
Working width (m)
2.6
2.21
85
Number of rows worked
3
3
100
Length of cut mass (mm) 2
20
19.2
96
Weight (kg)
3,050
2,014
66
When working in a corn field.
2 The Soviet model chops up material at a single length of 20
millimeters. The US model is adjustable to cut 25 different lengths
from 3.2 to 82.6 millimeters in increments of 3.2 millimeters.
Function
Silage combines (called forage harvesters in the US)
are used to cut and chop up crops such as corn in an
immature state into green silage and deposit it by
means of a belt conveyor or a blower into an
accompanying truck and/or trailer.
Comparability
The US analog probably is more productive and less
wasteful of silage because of its system of blowing the
silage directly into the accompanying truck or trailer
rather than running it in on a belt conveyor. The
analog also is more versatile in that it can cut the silage
into varying lengths, can be equipped for picking up
crops from a windrow, and can be equipped for
separating not-quite-mature ears of corn from the
stalks and chopping the ears up separately for a special
high-protein feed. The Soviet unit can only be used in a
field in which the ears have not formed or are so
immature that they can be cut up along with the stalks.
In the early 1970s, the USSR began producing a model
much like the US model described here.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. Production in the United States in 1972 and
the USSR in 1967 was about the same-about 18,000
to 19,000 units. Production of the KS-2.6 began in
1964.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
5,750
20,562
.28
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
1.22
1.02
84
Maximum working width (m)
2.4
2.03
85
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
5.1
5.02
98
Basket capacity (m')
11.5
13.2
115
Number of rows worked'
4
2
50
Type of picking spindle
Vertical
Horizontal
-
Engine horsepower
50
70
140
Weight (kg)
6,700
5,170
77
' Maximum working width times maximum working speed.
' The Soviet picker is designed to pick rows 60 centimeters
apart. The US picker is designed to pick rows from 97 to
102 centimeters apart.
Function
Cotton pickers of this type are designed to pick open-
bolled cotton that has been at least partially defoliated.
Further cleaning of the cotton is required after delivery
to the processing areas.
Comparability
The Soviet model theoretically is more productive in
terms of the area picked per hour. Actual productivity
will vary with the condition of the cotton and soil and
the skill of the operator. Cotton pickers in the United
States operate more efficiently in the field than do
Soviet pickers, making the two models closer in actual
performance than the theoretical productivity in terms
of area covered would indicate, but the Soviet model
would have picked more cotton than the US model
after covering the same area because the Soviets, using
a narrower row width, plant more cotton per hectare
than the United States.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR produced 6,600 cotton pickers in 1967.
Data are not published for the United States, but
production is known to be much smaller than that for
the USSR. Production of the 14KhV-2.4 began in
1967.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
195
.40
Number of bottoms
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
Working width (cm)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Weight (kg)
' Working width times maximum working speed.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1
1
100
.21
.22
105
30
30.5
102
7
7.2
103
160
118
74
Function
These plows are used for small-scale basic plowing.
Comparability
The US and Soviet plows are comparable in productiv-
ity. Actual productivity will vary with the size of the
tractor used, soil conditions, and the skill of the
operator.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of US
production. Actual production of one-bottom plows is
not known for either country. The USSR produced
about 100,000 tractor-mounted moldboard plows of all
sizes in 1967 compared with about 45,000 drawn and
mounted plows in the United States in 1972, but one-
bottom plows undoubtedly accounted for a larger share
of US than of Soviet production. The large size of the
average Soviet farm precludes the need for large
quantities of small plows. Production of the PN-30R
began in 1957.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles: 354
Dollars: 1,599
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .22
Number of bottoms
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
Working width (m)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Weight (kg)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
5
5
100
1.22
1.42
116
1.75
1.78
102
7
8
114
1,340
1,162
87
Function
These plows are used for large-scale basic plowing.
Comparability
The US plow is a little more productive than the
Soviet. Actual productivity will vary with the size of
the tractor used, soil conditions, and the skill of the
operator. The US analog is semimounted (a rear
transport wheel but none in front) rather than drawn,
which partially accounts for its lighter weight and,
hence, its slightly faster speed of operation. With the
advent of higher horsepower tractors in the United
States, only plows with more than five bottoms are
drawn.
Representativeness:
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Five-bottom plows accounted for a significant share of
the 95,000 tractor-drawn plows produced in the USSR
in 1967. Production of the Truzhenik-U-2 began in
1965.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
266
1,149
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
2.8
3.9
139
Working width (m)
4
4.1
102
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
7
9.6
137
Weight (kg)
883
726
82
Function
Field cultivators are used to prepare a plowed field for
seeding.
Comparability
The US cultivator has an edge in productivity because
it is lighter and can be operated at a higher speed.
Actual productivity, however, will vary with the size of
the tractor used, soil conditions, and the skill of the
operator. The US model is supplied only with chisel
points because they are believed to break up clods
better than the V-sweeps used on the Soviet model.
The Soviet cultivator can be supplied with chisel
points, but it is not clear that the available ruble price
would be the same under that option.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Of the 203,500 tractor cultivators produced in the
USSR in 1967, about 86,000 were tractor drawn,
consisting of only a few models. The United States
produced about 56,000 in 1972, including tractor
mounted. Production of the KP-4A began in 1951.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rated productivity at 7.8 km/hr (ha/hr)
Working width (m)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Weight (kg)
Rubles:
352
Dollars:
1,483
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.24
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
2.24
Similar
100
3.1
3.05
98
9
Similar
100
875
941
108
'This is 80 percent of the theoretical productivity at maximum
speed.
Function
Deep-tillage cultivators (called stubble mulch plows
in the United States) are used to cultivate below
the surface without disturbing the protective mulch
layer on the surface, retaining it to keep in the
moisture and prevent wind erosion.
Comparability
The US and Soviet cultivators are comparable in
productivity, although the US analog is drawn rather
than mounted. The US does not make mounted
cultivators of this type, and in the post-1972 period
no longer makes deep-tillage cultivators this small.
The extra weight of the analog is accounted for
largely by its three rubber-tired wheels (two small
steel wheels on the Soviet model) and V-shaped
steel tongue for pulling. Actual productivity will
vary with the size of the tractor used, soil conditions,
and the skill of the operator.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR produced 203,500 tractor cultivators of
all types in 1967 compared with about 56,000 in
the United States in 1972. The Soviet output of
deep-tillage cultivators is not known but probably
was considerably more than the 2,500 produced
in the United States in 1972. Production of the
KPG-2-150 began in 1965.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
566
Dollars:
964
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.59
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
1.84
2.00
109
Working width (m)
2.05
2.08
101
Number of rows worked
9
8
89
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
9
9.6
107
Capacity of seed bins (dm
350
246
70
Weight (kg)
1,065
463
43
Function
Tractor grain drills of this type (called hoe drills in the
United States) are used to plant grain crops on
unworked stubble in areas where low moisture and
high winds are a problem.
Comparability
The US and Soviet drills are close in productivity,
although the US model is mounted rather than drawn,
a fact which accounts for much of the difference in
weight. The Soviet model also is built more sturdily
because, unlike the US analog, an operator rides on the
rear platform at all times. The seed bin on the US drill
would require more frequent filling than the Soviet,
but in practice this feature probably has little adverse
effect on productivity. Actual productivity will vary
with the size of the tractor used, soil conditions, and
the skill of the operator.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. Production of this type of grain drill in
1967 and 1972, respectively, is not known, but the
USSR has a larger area than the US subject to low
moisture and wind erosion and would require a
correspondingly larger number of such drills. Produc-
tion of the SZS-9 began in 1966.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
Working width (m)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Number of rows planted
Seeds planted (thousands/ha)
Weight (kg)
Rubles:
631
Dollars:
2,747
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.23
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
5.67
6.19
109
4.8-6.3
5.7-8.6
119-137
9
7.2
80
8
8
100
26.5-89.7
20-75
75-84
1,160
1,111
96
Function
These planters are used to plant corn while simulta-
neously applying fertilizer. They can be adapted to
plant other crops such as soybeans or peanuts, and the
fertilizer attachment can be removed.
Comparability
The US analog and Soviet corn planters are close in
productivity. The higher speed of the Soviet model is
offset by the wider working width of the US analog.
Actual productivity will vary with the size of the
tractor used, soil conditions, and the skill of the
operator. Neither model is a very sophisticated planter.
Most corn planters made in the US control seed
delivery through air pressure or vacuum instead of
plates and can travel faster with greater planting
accuracy and less seed damage. The reason for the
great number of seeds planted per hectare for the
Soviet model is not clear. Such quantities would be
required with a poorer quality of seed with lower
germination rates than prevail in the United States.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
This item is an exception to the general rule that an
item must be produced in the United States to be
considered as an analog. No close analogs to the
unsophisticated Soviet planter are manufactured in the
United States, but the one matched to it, although
produced in another country, has been widely used in
the United States for many years. Production of the
SKNK-8 began in 1961.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
436
Dollars:
1,057
Ruble-Dollar Ration:
.41
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
2.04
2.30
113
Working width (m)
2.4
2.4'
100
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
8.5
9.6
113
Number of rows
4
4
100
Weight (kg)
590
589
100
' Working width times maximum working speed.
' Adjustable from 2.2 to 4.3 meters.
Function
These planters are used to plant delinted cotton seeds.
If desired, they can be adapted to apply fertilizer
simultaneously with planting.
Comparability
The US and Soviet planters are close in productivity.
Actual productivity will vary with the size of the
tractor used, soil conditions, and the skill of the
operator. Both models can plant four rows with about
60 centimeters spacing. In addition, on the US model
row spacing is adjustable up to 107 centimeters, the
most common mode of spacing. When the US unit is
used at its maximum working width (a common
practice), its maximum working speed probably is less
than that shown.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
although the United States probably makes more
cotton planters than the USSR. Actual 1967 and 1972
production is not known. However, most US-produced
cotton planters are more sophisticated than the one
considered here, performing the same function but
doing it more accurately, at faster speeds, and with less
damage to the seed. Production of the STKh-4A began
in 1963.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
1,570
Dollars:
5,775
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.27
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
5.08
5.11
101
Working width (m)
7
7.05
101
Rated working speed (km/hr)
7.25
7.25
100
Weight (kg)
3,500
3,495
100
Function
These harrows typically are used to break up furrows
left from earlier plowing. The resultant soil bed often is
then ready for crop sowing.
Comparability
The US and Soviet harrows are comparable in
productivity. Actual productivity will vary with the
size of the tractor used, soil conditions, and the skill of
the operator.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
United States produced about 87,000 disc harrows of
all types in 1972 compared with about 18,500 in the
USSR in 1967. Production of the BDT-7 began in
1965.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
274
Dollars:
285
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.96
Specifications:
USSR
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
12
11
92
Maximum spreading width (m)'
12
11
92
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
10
10
100
Maximum quantity of fertilizer spread (cent/ha)
11.65
11.21
96
Capacity of bin (dm')
325
339
104
Weight (kg)
220
98
45
Maximum spreading width times maximum working speed.
' Data shown are for spreading granulated fertilizer.
Function Representativeness
These spreaders are used to distribute (broadcast) dry This item probably is representative of production in
fertilizer or dry seeds of various types. When distribu- both countries. Production of the RU-4-10 began in
tion accuracy is not all-important, this type of spreader 1964.
has the advantage of low price and high productivity
compared with more sophisticated spreading
equipment.
Comparability
The US and Soviet spreaders are comparable in
productivity when spreading fertilizer, but the US
analog appears to be adaptable to the spreading of a
greater variety of materials than the Soviet model. For
some heavier materials (such as dry peas) that are
thrown farther during distribution, the productivity of
the US analog may exceed 16 ha/hr. In any case,
actual productivity will vary with the size of the tractor
used, wind and soil conditions, and the skill of the
operator. The reason for the extreme difference in
weight of the two units is not clear but may be
explained in part by poorer anticorrosive qualities of
the Soviet metal which requires the use of thicker
metal.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rated productivity in an orchard (ha/hr)
Maximum working width (m)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Maximum amount of pesticide sprayed (ltrs/ha)
Capacity of tank (ltrs)
Output of blower (in '/hr)
Weight (kg)
Rubles:
620
Dollars:
3,877
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.16
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1.2-2
1.2-1.6
100-80
15
15.2
101
8 '
3.2
40
150
163
109
1,200
1,136
95
39,000
45,900
118
910
816
90
' This speed apparently applies to use. in an open field. In
an orchard, a more common area of use, the working speed
would be about the same as the US analog.
Function
Sprayers of this type (commonly called mist sprayers
in the United States) are normally used in orchards
where the dense foliage prevents uniform coverage
with other types of sprayers. A blower sprays the
pesticide into a high-velocity air stream which will
reach to the tops of the trees.
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. About 34,000 tractor-drawn sprayers were
produced in the United States in 1972 compared with
about 28,000 (including a small number of dusters) in
the USSR in 1967. Production of the OVT-1 began in
1961.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are close in rated productiv-
ity. The slightly higher rated productivity of the Soviet
model probably is due to its larger tank and slower
pesticide dispersal rate which mean fewer stops for
refilling. However, the more powerful blower and
higher dispersal rate of the US analog mean, other
things being equal, a more thorough spraying of the
orchard. Actual productivity will vary with the size of
the tractor used, wind conditions, and the skill of the
operator.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
132
Dollars:
723
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.18
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
2.5
2.4
96
Working width (m)
2.1
2.1
100
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
12
11.3
94
Shaft speed (rpm)
940
950
101
Weight (kg)
250
283
113
Function
Mowers of this type are used for cutting hay for
subsequent harvesting or for cutting roadside grass.
Comparability
The Soviet and US models are comparable in produc-
tivity. The greater weight of the US analog apparently
reflects its more rugged construction. Actual produc-
tivity will vary with the size of the tractor used, the
type and moisture content of the hay or grass being cut,
and the skill of the operator.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The USSR produced about 71,000 tractor-mounted
mowers in 1967 compared with about 18,300 in the
United States in 1972. Moreover, the two models
discussed here have mowing mechanisms of the
Pitman-drive type, as did all Soviet tractor-mounted
mowers in 1967. In the United States, however,
Pitman-drive mowers, although still popular because
of their price, are being supplanted by a more
sophisticated and more expensive design that permits
higher speeds of operation with less vibration. Produc-
tion of the KS-2.1 began in 1966.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
153
1,197
Theoretical productivity (ha/hr)'
Working width (m)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Width of windrow formed (m)
Weight (kg)
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
7.2
7.8
108
6
6.1
102
12
12.8
107
1.2
1.2-1.5
100-125
400
498
124
Function
Dump-type rakes are used on large farms to rake cut
hay into windrows for subsequent pick up and stacking
or forming into bales.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are comparable in function,
but the US model will outperform the Soviet to a
greater degree than is indicated by the 8 percent
advantage in theoretical productivity. The reason lies
in the dumping mechanism. The US rake is dumped
and reset by a hydraulic cylinder while the unit is in
continuous forward motion. The Soviet model is
similar to the older US-made rakes in which the forks
are raised (releasing the hay) by the forward motion of
the rake and reset by momentarily reversing the
direction of travel. As a result, even under the best of
conditions, the Soviet model might rake only about 75
percent of its theoretical productivity. The hydraulic
equipment on the US analog coupled with a special
design that permits the support wheels to turn 90
degrees for easy off-the-field transport account for its
relatively high price.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
About 53,000 hay rakes, mostly dump type, were
produced in the USSR in 1967 compared with about
11,600 in the United States in 1972, only very few of
which were dump type. Most US rakes are of the side-
delivery type. Production of the GTP-6 began in 1953,
but it has gone through various modifications without
a change in model number.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Productivity (tons/hr)
Working width (m)
Working speed (km/hr)
Plunger strokes per minute
Cross-sectional size of bale (cm)
Length of bale (cm)
Weight (kg)
Function
Pick-up balers are used to pick up hay from a windrow
on the move and compact it into dense rectangular
bales for easier handling and storage.
Comparability
The US baler appears to be 50 percent more productive
than the Soviet. It is not clear why the difference
should be so great given a similar working width, only a
maximum of 25-percent difference in plunger strokes
per minute, and a speed for the US model that
probably is about the same as the Soviet. Productivity,
however, also is affected by the type, heaviness of
growth, and condition of the crop being baled, and it
may be that the two balers simply have not been rated
under similar average crop conditions. It also may be
that the design of the US analog is such that the crop is
fed into the baling chamber more rapidly and effi-
ciently than on the Soviet model. Baler production is
very competitive in the United States, and great effort
is expended to create more efficient units.
Rubles:
1,710
Dollars:
2,865
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.60
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Up to 10
About 15
150
1.6
1.56
98
1.4-6.3
NA
-
60
65-75
108/125
36 x 50
35.6 x 45.7
90
80-90
30-132
38-147
1,900
1,242
65
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
About 28,000 hay balers of all types were produced in
the United States in 1972 compared with 12,200 units'
in the USSR in 1967. Production of the PSB-1.6 began
in 1964.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6 --
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles:
1,120
Dollars:
4,452
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.25
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Productivity with five attendants (cows/hr)
100
Similar
Type of milking units
2-stroke
2-stroke
Number of milking units in installation
10
10
100
Number of milk containers
10
10
100
Capacity of each milk container (ltrs)
19
26.5
139
Working vacuum (kg/cm 2)
.48
.52
108
Output of vacuum system (m '/hr)
40
51
128
Power of electric motor (kW)
3
2.24
75
Weight (kg)
1,100
Function
Stationary milking installations are used on dairy
farms for milking cows and delivering the milk to a
central processing tank through a "bucket" (con-
tainer) system.
Comparability
The US and Soviet models are comparable in perform-
ance. The US analog probably would require less
attention on the part of the attendants because the
containers, being larger, would not have to be emptied
as often, but the full containers would, of course, weigh
more than the Soviet.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Production data are not available. Installations of this
type, although in use in the United States for many
years, are now limited to the smaller dairy farms where
the high labor cost inherent in them is not prohibitive.
The larger US dairy farms pipe the milk directly to
bulk containers, eliminating the labor-consuming
"bucket" operation. While this more sophisticated
type of installation was not unknown in the USSR in
1967, it was far from typical.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Rubles: 1,152
Dollars: 1,166
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .99
Maximum height forage can be raised (m)
Diameter of rotor (mm)
Diameter of conveyor pipe (mm)
Power of electric motor (kW)'
Weight (kg)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
13
12
92
1,100
1,219
111
220
229
104
28
28.8
103
760
680
89
' Price comparison does not include electric motor. Either unit can be
operated with an electric motor or from the power takeoff of a
tractor.
Function
Conveyors of this type (called forage blowers in the
United States) are used for loading forage or other
loose material into a silo or other storage structure.
Comparability
The Soviet and US conveyors probably are close in
performance. Productivity data are not provided by US
manufacturers, but the similarity in rotor and pipe
diameters of the two units suggest a similar rate of
output. However, rotor diameter is extremely impor-
tant as an indicator of blowing capability, and the
larger rotor on the US analog probably would give it an
edge over the Soviet model, particularly since it also is
not blowing the silage quite as high.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Production data are not available, but the United
States stores far more silage in silos and other storage
structures than did the USSR in 1967 when covered
trenches were used a great deal and blowers, therefore,
were not needed.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6 __
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Agricultural Machinery
Theoretical productivity in one pass (ha/hr)'
Working width (m)
Maximum working speed (km/hr)
Blade capacity (m' of loose soil)
Distance blade can be lowered below ground level (mm)
Weight (kg)
Rubles: 1,170
Dollars: 1,695
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .69
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
1.37
1.39
101
3.05
2.89
95
4.5
4.8
107
NA'
1.34
-
100
76
76
1,755
1,048
60
'Working width times maximum working speed.
2 The blade capacity of 0.6 m' given in the Tsennik is not consistent
with other data on the leveler or with the blade capacities of other
Soviet levelers. Blade capacity probably is about equal to that of the
US model.
Function
Land levelers are used to level open fields to improve
drainage and facilitate gravity irrigation.
Comparability
The US and Soviet levelers are roughly comparable in
performance. The Soviet model would appear to have
an edge in performance, despite its covering a little less
area per hour, because the blade can be lowered a
greater distance into the ground, thus requiring fewer
passes for the same amount of leveling compared with
the US analog. However, this is an imprecise measure-
ment because neither model would operate with the
blade lowered to maximum depth across its full width.
Moreover, actual performance will vary with the size
of the tractor used, the condition of the soil, and the
skill of the operator.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of US
production, although land levelers are fairly common
in both countries. About 109,000 units of all types were
produced in the United States in 1972. Production in
the USSR in 1967 is unknown but is estimated to be
less than that of the United States. Production of the
PA-3 began in 1964.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
6,130
Dollars:
5,330
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.15
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
8 specific
frequencies
Any 8
frequencies '
Short Wave (MHz)
1.6-23
1.6-30
100-130
Drift (percent)"
0.005
0.0001
2
Maximum output power (W)
200
150
75
Emissions
Medium wave
Telegraph
Telegraph
Short wave
Voice and
telegraph
Voice and
telegraph
Ambient temperature (?C)
-10 to 50
-30 to 50
300-100
Power consumption (W)
1,300
700
54
Weight (kg)
340
44
13
' The US analog can operate on any of eight user-selected
frequencies in the range of 405 to 535 KHz.
' Deviation of frequency from a nominal value.
The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
These transmitters are used on board ships to transmit
voice or telegraph signals in the short wave and
medium wave bands.
Comparability
The US and Soviet transmitters are comparable in
function, but each has operating characteristics which
are superior to that of the other. The Soviet model has
greater power output, which permits communications
over a greater distance. However, the transmitted
signal drifts by a higher percentage, potentially
causing interference to other receivers. The US model
has a wider tuning range in the short-wave band,
permitting more choice in the selection of a frequency.
In the medium-wave band, the choice of frequencies on
the US analog is limited to eight.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production since the USSR builds a significantly
greater number of marine vessels than the United
States. The Soviet model is believed to be- serially
produced. The US model is batch produced in small
quantities.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 20,790
Dollars: 17,537
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: 1.19
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Minimum/maximum
3/22.4
1.6/30
-
Range
19.4
28.4
146
Power output (kW)
5
5
100
Noise (db) I
-38
-40
105
Coefficient of nonlinear distortion (percent)'
10
10
100
Power consumption (kW)
21
12
57
' Random electrical disturbances that degrade signal quality.
A difference of 2 db represents a difference of 58 percent
in actual value. For this specification, the lower the value,
the lesser the noise.
' A measure of the degree of distortion of the transmitted
signal.
Function
These radios are used for moderately high power
transmission of voice or telegraph signals in the
shortwave high-frequency band.
Comparability
The Soviet model has a narrower tuning range,
meaning that its choice of frequencies for transmission
is more restricted. This characteristic limits the
flexibility of the Soviet set under unfavorable en-
vironmental conditions or in a crowded signal en-
vironment. The US model has slightly better noise
characteristics. A 58-percent difference in noise level
is not technically significant.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. The USSR is a relatively larger user
of the shortwave band than the United States. The
Soviet model probably is serially produced. The
US analog is batch produced in small quantities.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 9,390
Dollars: 9,683
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .97
Bandwidth (MHz)
Transmitter picture power (W)
Input channels (channel numbers)
Output channels (channel numbers)
Range (number of channels)
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
4
6
150
100
100
100
2-13
2-13
100
7-13
2-13
29-100
6
11
183
Function
Television translation stations are used to pick up
weak television broadcast signals and to amplify
and retransmit them on a different channel frequency
for reception by home television receivers. They
are in common use in areas that cannot receive
a good signal directly from a broadcasting station
transmitter because of distance or terrain obstructions.
Comparability
Most of the crucial performance characteristics of
the Soviet model are not published, and most of
those that are published are not in a form suitable
for comparison with the US model. Nevertheless,
the US analog apparently is superior in performance
to the Soviet model. The 4 MHz bandwidth of
the Soviet model is too narrow to permit the trans-
mission of a signal of standard Soviet broadcast
quality. The 625 line standard employed in Soviet
TV broadcasting requires a bandwidth of 6 MHz.
By comparison, the bandwidth capacity of the US
model exceeds standard US broadcast quality-525
lines. Also, the Soviet model can rebroadcast on
about half as many channels as the US model.
The limited bandwidth and number of rebroadcast
channels suggests that the Soviet model may be
obsolete. The US analog is of more recent design.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
It is a common Soviet practice to provide television
coverage of a metropolitan area such as Moscow
with a central transmitter and satellite translation
stations in the suburban areas. In the United States,
it is usual to use only one transmitter per program.
Television translation stations are probably produced
in relatively greater quantities in the USSR than
in the United States.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
3,290
Dollars:
3,023
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.09
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
60/69.975
30/76
50/109
9.975
46
461
Space between fixed frequencies (KHz)
75
50
67
Modulation
FM
FM
-
Transmitter power (W)
25
35
140
Receiver sensitivity ' ' (,uV)
2
0.7
35
Ambient temperature (?C)
-10 to 50
-40 to 65
400/130
Weight with power supply (kg)
850
125
15
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
' A measure of the ability of a set to receive a weak signal.
Function
These radio relay stations consist of two receiver/
transmitter combinations, each capable of receiving
and retransmitting simultaneously two telephone and
two telegraph signals. The stations are used as
intermediate stations between two terminals. A signal
transmitted from one terminal is received and
retransmitted either to another intermediate station or
to the other terminal. Such stations are normally used
to provide reliable, low-capacity communications over
short routes (under 100 miles) in sparsely populated
areas or as emergency communications equipment in
times of natural disasters. They are designed to be
moved easily.
Comparability
The US analog has superior technical specifications.
The wider frequency range and closer spacing of
selectable frequencies of the US model give it seven
times as many selectable operating frequencies as the
Soviet model. This superior US capability is not a
crucial advantage, however, since these stations nor-
mally are used in remote areas where interference
from other stations is not a major problem. The US
model also has a greater power output and a receiver
that is nearly three times more sensitive. This indicates
that the US model can operate over somewhat longer
distances or with superior quality of transmission over
the same distance.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The Soviet model is a relatively old set that has been in
production for many years. Mobile radio relay sets are
produced to a relatively greater extent in the USSR
because the telephone network is less developed
geographically. In the United States, radio relay
systems tend to be very-high-capacity types.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Tsennik.
45 (73); 546
Rubles:
65,870
Dollars:
29,213
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
2.25
Soviet Model: R-600-2MV
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Operating
2
2
100
Standby
2
2
100
Telephone channels per trunk
1,020
1,200
118
Length of communications link (km)
5,000
6,400
128
Typical distance between stations (km)
50
50
100
Frequencies (MHz)
Minimum/maximum
3,400/3,900
3,700/4,200
109/108
Range
500
500
100
Modulation
FM
FM
-
Ambient temperature (?C)
10 to 35
10 to 40
100/114
Power consumption (kW)
1.6
0.385
24
Function
These radio relay stations consist of four microwave
receiver/transmitter combinations, each capable of
receiving and retransmitting 1,020 (USSR) or 1,200
(United States) two-way telephone conversations.
Only two of the receiver/transmitter combinations are
in operation at any one time; the other two are standby
units. These stations are used as intermediate stations
between two terminals. A signal transmitted from one
terminal is received and retransmitted either to an-
other intermediate'station or to the other terminal.
They are used to provide high-capacity interurban
communications over distances up to several thousand
kilometers. They.are normally permanently installed
as part of a country's mainline telephone communica-
tions system.
maintain the quality of transmission to telephone
company standards over a 28 percent longer distance.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production.
Most of the Soviet output of radio relay equipment is
low capacity-only tens or hundreds of channels. The
United States generally produces mostly high-capacity
systems because the US telephone network is more
highly developed than the Soviet network.
Comparability
The US analog has superior technical design, a
function of better electronic components, which allows
it to provide 18 percent more telephone channels and to
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
440
Dollars:
162
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
2.72
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Number of channels
I
I
Modulation
FM
FM
Output power (W)
0.3
0.5
167
Receiver sensitivity (?V)"'
2
0.8
40
Power consumption (amps)
' A measure of the ability of a set to detect weak signals.
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
These transceivers (combination of transmitter and
receiver) are simple single-channel hand-held "walkie-
talkie" radios for voice communication in the VHF
band. They are commonly used for short-range com-
munications on large construction sites, farms, timber
cutting sites, and so forth.
1.6 kilometers. Under certain terrain or weather
conditions, however, the Soviet model might show
poorer performance. The US analog incorporates more
recent technology.
Representativeness
This term is representative of production in both
countries.
Comparability
The differences in frequency range and output power
are minor and not technically significant. The
sensitivity of the Soviet unit is substantially less than
the US unit, indicating the use of poorer quality
electronic components. Generally, with less sensitivity
and less power, the Soviet model would not be able to
operate over the same distance as the US analog. This
would not normally be a problem since these transmit-
ters do not usually operate over distances greater than
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Range
Number of channels
Modulation
Transmitter power (W)
Receiver sensitivity (?V)"
Power consumption (W)
Transmitter
Weight (kg)
' A measure of the ability of a set to detect weak signals.
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the sensitivity.
Function
These units are radio transceivers (combination of
transmitter and receiver) intended for use as a central
or base station in a network of several transceivers.
They provide single voice channel communications in
the very-high-frequency (VHF) band.
Comparability
The US analog has a wider frequency range, five times
as much output power, and a receiver that is nearly
twice as sensitive as the Soviet model. The greater
power and sensitivity means that the US model can
communicate at a greater distance and has superior
resistance to interference from other radio signals. The
difference in frequency range, which is three MHz for
the US set at the lower end and 4 MHz at the upper
end, is not significant.
Rubles:
620
Dollars:
541
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.15
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
33/46
30/50
91/109
13
20
154
1
1
100
FM
FM
-
5
25
500
1.5
0.8
53
120
75
62
45
8.6
19
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. Both countries are large users of VHF
mobile radios using transceivers of these types as base
stations. However, the Soviet model is probably
produced and used in relatively greater quantities
because of the narrow range of types produced in the
USSR and the large diversity of types produced in the
United States.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles:
283
Dollars:
565
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.50
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum speed of operation (words/min) '
66.7
100
150
Distortion (percent) 3
5
5
100
Distance of operation over wirelines (km)
300
1,000
333
Power consumption (W)
80
95
119
Weight (kg)
30
18.8
63
A word has six characters (letters or numbers).
' Measures the degree to which a received signal differs from a
transmitted signal.
Function
These units are standard manually operated teletype
machines which transmit and receive coded electrical
pulses representing alphanumeric text. In the transmit
code, the machines are operated by typing text on a
keyboard; in the receive mode, the machines automati-
cally type the text in hard copy. The machines also
have a tape punch attachment which stores the text on
punched paper tape.
Representativeness
This item probably is representative of production in
both countries. The use of such equipment in the
United States is declining for public communications,
but increasing for business communications related to
the use of computers. The Soviet model considered
here probably is produced in relatively greater volume
because few models are produced. In the United
States, a wide range of types is available in a variety of
modular configurations.
Comparability
The US machine is superior in performance. It can
operate at a 50 percent higher rate, allowing a more
rapid transmission of information.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 929
Dollars: 889
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: 1.04
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Line width (mm/line) I
0.2
0.26
130
Receive/transmit time (min)
6
6
100
Resolution (lines/mm)
4
3.5
88
Page size (in)
NA
229 x356
-
Power consumption (W)
Receiver
200
60
30
Transmitter
200
60
30
Weight (kg)
33
21.3
65
'The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
These facsimile machines are used to convert graphic
information into electrical signals for transmission
over a communications circuit, to receive such signals,
and to reconvert received signals into the original
graphic information. Examples of such equipment are
newspaper wirephoto equipment and Long Distance
Xerography (LDX).
Comparability
The performance of a facsimile machine is measured
by the size of the image (page size), the quality of the
reproduction (resolution and line width), and the time
to process it (receive/transmit time). Receive/trans-
mit time is identical for the Soviet and US models. The
Soviet model should achieve a better quality picture
since it has a narrower line width and better resolution.
However, the page size for the Soviet model is not
known, which makes it impossible to rate the overall
quality of the match. The Soviet model seems superior,
but could be inferior if the page size were significantly
less than that of the US model.
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of US
production. Facsimile equipment not only is more
widely produced in the United States than in the
USSR, but probably also represents a greater share of
US output of communications equipment than in the
USSR. Both models are series produced.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Radiotechnical Machinery and Equipment)
Rubles: 96/line
Dollars: 162/line
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: .59
Function
A crossbar exchange is an assembly of switches
intended for use in small and medium central offices to
establish connections between dial telephones.
Comparability
The difference between the maximum number of lines
is not significant because both models are modular and
configurations of equal size can be selected and
compared. Both are designed to operate at the same
nominal dial pulse rate. The Soviet model is an
obsolete telephone exchange that only routes calls and
lacks modern features. For example, it cannot deter-
mine the calling subscriber's number for billing
purposes; the caller must dial both his own number as
well as the one he is calling. Lacking this feature, the
Soviet model almost certainly also lacks the features
that are standard provisions of the US unit, such as
sensing when unassigned or changed numbers have
been dialed or coin-operated telephone dialing.
USSR US Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
The US produces crossbar exchanges of much greater
sophistication and has been shifting toward electronic
exchanges and computer control.
* No Tsennik price is available. The ruble price is the enterprise
wholesale price per line; the dollar price is the f.o.b. factory price
per line. The ruble price is from G. M. Myaskovskiy, Spravochnik
po tekhnicheskim sredstvam sbora; peredachi informatsii,
"Tekhnika," Kiev, 1973, page 280.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles:
4,570
Dollars:
2,265
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
2.02
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum wafer diameter (mm)
55
76
138
Productivity (wafers/hr)
30
20
67
50-5,000
0-36,290
1-580
Minimum ratio of smaller side length of dice
to wafer thickness'
3:1
2:1
67
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
Function
In the manufacture of modern semiconductors, a large
quantity of the same device is fabricated on a single
wafer of semiconductor material. The wafer is scribed
between the individual devices. Wafer separators are
then used to break the slice into individual dice by
applying rolling pressure to the slice as it rests on a
flexible support.
Comparability
The Soviet unit has a productivity in wafers per hour
substantially greater than the US unit, but cannot
handle as large a wafer. True productivity measured in
terms of surface area of wafers per hour is 27 percent
higher for the US unit. In addition, the US unit is more
versatile. A greater range of breaking force and
smaller minimum ratio of dice side length to wafer
thickness mean that the US unit can handle a greater
range of dice sizes and wafer thicknesses.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of US production. The
Soviet model almost certainly is a prototype since
wafer separators did not come into use in the United
States until about 1970. The US model is a standard
production model that was batch produced in 1972 in
small quantities.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Step accuracy (mm)
Length of stroke (mm)
Pressure on cutter (g)
Strokes per minute
Function
In the manufacture of modern semiconductors, a large
quantity of the same device is fabricated on a single
wafer of semiconductor material. Wafer scribers are
used in a manner similar to a glass cutter to scratch
crosshatched lines with a diamond tool at right angles
on the wafer between the individual devices. The
scribed wafer is subsequently broken into individual
dice, each constituting a semiconductor device.
Comparability
The Soviet and US scribers are identical in terms of
the spacing of the strokes of the scriber (step range)
and in the accuracy of the spacing (step accuracy).
However, the Soviet unit has a substantially greater
range of cutter pressure. This would enable it to handle
thicker wafers and perhaps even scribe some types of
ceramic substrates. On the other hand, the US
machine can handle larger wafers and operate at a
faster rate, giving it a higher productivity than the
Soviet unit.
5,970
1.19
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
0.01-9.99 in 0.01
increments
0.01-9.99 in 0.01
increments
100
0.005
0.005
100
55
63.6 and 89.0
116 and 162
0-250
5-40
0-16
10
15
150
Representativeness
This item probably is more representative of Soviet
production. Scribers are series produced both in the
United States and the USSR, but the trend in the
United States has been away from scribing to the use
of saws.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles:
10,620
Dollars:
11,117
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.96
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Wafer diameter (mm)
40
51
128
Mask dimensions (mm)
70x70
51x51
53
Alignment accuracy (mm)
0.001
0.00003
3
Minimum productivity (wafers/hr)
50
80
160
Standard; up to 102 x 127 available.
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the better.
the quality.
Function
In the manufacture of modern semiconductors,
selective exposure of part of a wafer of semiconductor
material to light through a mask is an essential step in
the production process. A mask aligner is used to
position the mask relative to the wafer and to expose
the appropriate parts of the slice to light.
Comparability
The US analog can handle wafers with 28 percent
greater diameter. Productivity is 60 percent greater for
the US unit. Therefore, true productivity of the US
unit, in terms of surface area of wafers per hour, is 2.6
times that of the Soviet model. The accuracy of the US
unit also is far superior to that of the Soviet model,
indicating that it would have a lower percentage of
defective output and be capable of producing more
complex devices.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Mask aligners are large-use items in semiconductor
production. In the United States the trend is away
from "contact" type mask aligners to more advanced
"noncontact" types.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08S01350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles:
3,830
Dollars:
3,288
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.16
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Bonding tool pressures (g)
30-150'
15-226'
50-151
Range (g)
120
211
176
Wire diameters (mm)
0.02-0.1
0.018-0.114
90-114
Range (mm)
0.08
0.096
120
Dimensions of contact
Area (mm)
0.04 x 0.04
0.05 x 0.05
156
Total contact area (mm')
0.0016
0.0025
156
Maximum number of bonds per hour
250
360'
144
Weight (kg)
777
102
13
? 10 percent.
' ? 1 percent.
Estimated maximum output obtainable under optimal conditions.
Actual output varies with the skill of the operator.
Function
Wire bonders are used to provide electrical inter-
connections between a semiconductor chip and the
external contacts by bonding a short length of wire to
each.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
since it is a manually operated wire bonder. In 1972,
the United States was beginning to shift toward more
accurate, higher productivity, semi- and fully auto-
matic wire bonders.
Comparability
The US analog exceeds the Soviet model in every
important parameter. The wider range of bond tool
pressures and wire sizes on the US analog makes it
possible to bond a greater variety of devices and
thicknesses of materials. The greater accuracy of the
US bonding pressures means greater consistency in the
strength of bonds and, hence, greater reliability in the
devices being bonded.
239
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles:
5,290
Dollars:
3,950
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.34
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum temperature of bonding tool (?C)
800
600
75
Bonding time (sec)
0.05-1.0
0.00001-3.1
0.02-310
Bonding tool pressures (g)
20-1,000
25-400
125-40
Range (g)
980
375
38
Wire diameters (mm)
0.03-0.1
0.018-0.127
60-127
Range (mm)
0.07
0.109
156
Function
Wire bonders are typically used to provide an electrical
interconnection between a semiconductor chip and an
external contact of the case by bonding one end of a
short length of very thin wire to each.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
since it is a manually operated bonder. In 1972, the
United States was beginning to shift toward more
accurate, higher productivity, semi- and fully auto-
matic wire bonders.
Comparability
The US analog is a thermal pulse bonder that bonds
using a combination of pressure and heat. The Soviet
unit uses both thermal pulse and ultrasonic vibration
techniques. The substantially greater heating tempera-
ture and pressure of the Soviet unit would allow it to be
used with materials other than silicon, such as ceramic.
The greater wire diameter range and heating pulse
durations for the US unit would give it more versatility
when used with silicon. The Soviet bonder is a more
general-purpose device, while the US analog is more
specialized and has better performance in its area of
specialization.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO135OR000100190001-6 ----
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles:
3,420
Dollars:
3,175
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.08
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum temperature of bonding tool (?C)
450
500
111
Bonding time (sec)
0.2-30
0-30
0-100
Bonding tool pressures (g)
10-150'
25-400
250-267
Range (g)
140'
375
268
Wire diameters (mm)
0.010-0.100
0.0175-0.125
175-125
Range (mm)
0.09
0.1075
119
Weight (kg)
135
44
33
Function
Wire bonders are used to provide an electrical
interconnection between a semiconductor chip and
external contacts by bonding one end of a short length
of wire to each.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production,
since it is a manually operated bonder. In 1972, the
United States was beginning to shift toward more
accurate, higher productivity, semi- and fully auto-
matic wire bonders.
Comparability
The US analog greatly exceeds the Soviet model in
bonding pressure and slightly exceeds it in maximum
temperature of bonding tool. Also, tool pressure may
be varied much more in the US unit (larger and
greater range of bonding pressures). These advantages
would enable the US unit to bond a greater variety of
materials and permit a greater capability for higher
quality and stronger bonds. This is important for
production yield and long-term reliability of bond wire
connections.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles:
5,710
Dollars:
9,233
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
.62
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
Maximum number of transistors tested per load
100
385
385
Number of test conditions obtainable at one time
5
5
100
Maximum measurement error (percent)
2.5
0.1
4
Weight (kg)
780
250
32
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater the
precision and quality.
Function
A lifetime tester is used to establish reliability stan-
dards for semiconductor devices and measure quality
in production. Finished devices are placed in the tester,
subjected to actual operational conditions within a
specified temperature range, then electrically tested
against guaranteed performance parameters.
Comparability
The US analog will test many more devices at one time
than the Soviet model while providing a much higher
degree of accuracy of test measurements. The rela-
tively poor accuracy measurement capability of the
Soviet model indicates a primitive design.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Models more similar to the Soviet have not been made
in the United States for more than 15 years. Lifetime
testers are not a volume production item. Most have
been custom designed in the United States.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6 ---
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Rubles: 41,900
Dollars: 26,612
Ruble-Dollar Ratio: 1.57
Ultimate pressure in the workchamber (torr)'
Time to reach ultimate pressure (min)'
Volume of the workchamber (m')
Maximum size of substrate (area in mm2)
' The lower the numerical value of the specification, the greater
the capability.
USSR
US
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
5x10-'
8x10'
1.6
45
14
31
0.22
0.059
27
2,880
676
23
Function
Vacuum deposition units of this type are used mainly
for the fabrication of hybrid, thin-film semiconductors.
A glass or ceramic-substrate material is placed in the
vacuum chamber and coated with any of several metals
to form capacitors, resistors, and electrical inter-
connection paths.
Comparability
The Soviet unit has a larger production capacity
(volume of workchamber) but cannot achieve the low
pressures (high vacuum) of the US unit. For the
intended application, pressure in the chamber rather
than volume of the chamber is the more significant
specification. Generally, these units are used for high-
quality custom-made devices, not volume production.
The lower the pressures obtainable , the higher the
quality of the device. The Soviet unit cannot achieve
US vacuum levels because of inferior vacuum and
booster pumps.
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
Vacuum deposition units are used in a wide variety of
appliances in addition to electronics. Hence, this
equipment is-produced in moderately large volume.
Models in the United States tend to be more sophisti-
cated with many advance features such as vacuum
interlocks and automatic valving.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Semiconductor Production Equipment)
Operating temperatures (?C)
Range (?C)
Number of operating tubes
Accuracy of temperature control (?C)
Work zone, length (mm)
Diameter of tube (mm)
Weight (kg)
' One tube is used to convert solid material to gas for use
in the other tube.
Function
In the fabrication of semiconductor devices, diffusion
furnaces are used to dope selectively a pure silicon
wafer with highly controlled doses of other materials to
form the basic electronic elements-diodes, transis-
tors, and integrated circuits. Doping materials are
gasified and diffused into the silicon wafer. The
process takes place at very high temperatures.
Comparability
The critical specification for the equipment is tempera-
ture control which governs the quality of the device.
These units are not used for high volume production
but rather for small-scale production of specialized
devices. Hence, the advantage that the US analog has
in the length of the work zone and diameter of the
tube-which makes the US analog more productive-
is not of crucial significance. The US furnace is more
versatile than the Soviet model-can process more
different kinds of devices-since it has a greater range
of operating temperatures.
Rubles:
Dollars:
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
13,200
6,439
2.05
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
700-1,300
350-1,300
50-100
600
950
158
2
2
100
?0.5
?0.5
100
350
475
136
57
85
149
1,000
1,000
100
Representativeness
This item is more representative of Soviet production.
In the United States, diffusion furnaces of this type are
limited to use in laboratory development work.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Other Machine Building
(Civilian Aircraft)
Passenger load
Number of engines
Thrust per engine (hp)
Cruise speed (km/hr)
Range (nm)
Payload (kg)
Function
These aircraft carry passengers and small amounts of
cargo over short distances.
Comparability
The match is very close in all respects.
' No Tsennik price is available. The ruble price is based on
unpublished data.
Rubles:
2,200,000
Dollars:
1,500,000
Ruble-Dollar Ratio:
1.47
Difference
(US as percent of USSR)
50
54
108
2
2
100
2,500
2,475
99
410
442
108
1,200
1,100
92
5,900
6,125
104
Representativeness
This item is representative of production in both
countries. In each country, however, these particular
models would comprise only a small percentage of total
aircraft production.
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Appendix G
Title Sample Item
Number
A. 1 January 1972 Tsennik Series
Tsennik Number I dlya pereotsenki 13-23
elektricheskikh mashin (elektrodvigateley,
generatorov i preobrazovateley), "Energiya," Mos-
cow, 1970. (Covers electrical machinery, including
electric motors, generators, and transformers.)
3. Tsennik Number 3 dlya pereotsenki vysokovol'tnoy 33-36
apparatury i izdeliy silovoy preobrazovatel'noy
tekhniki, "Energiya," Moscow, 1970. (Covers high-
voltage apparatus and items of power transformer
equipment.)
7. Tsennik Number 7 dlya pereotsenki nasosov vsekh 122-124
tipov (krome vakuum-nasosov), "Mashinostroye-
niye," Moscow, 1970. (Covers pumps of all types,
except vacuum pumps.)
8. Tsennik Number 8 dlya pereotsenki 125-126
kompressornogo oborudovaniya i vakuum-nasosov,
"Mashinostroyeniye," Moscow, 1970. (Covers com-
pressor equipment and vacuum pumps.)
it. Tsennik Number 11 dlya pereotsenki 57-75
metallorezhushchikh stankov i avtomaticheskikh
liniy po sostoyaniyu na 1 yanvarya 1972 goda,
"Mashinostroyeniye," Moscow, 1970. (Covers
metalcutting machine tools and automatic lines.)
AA 12. Tsennik Number 12 dlya pereotsenki kuznezhno- 82-89
pressovykh mashin, "Mashinostroyeniye," Moscow,
1970. (Covers forge-press machinery.)
13. Tsennik Number 13 dlya pereotsenki liteynogo 90-91
oborudovaniya po sostoyaniyu na I yanvarya 1972
g., "Mashinostroyeniye," Moscow, 1970. (Covers
foundry equipment.)
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Title Sample Item
Number
A. 1 January 1972 Tsennik Series (continued)
16.. Tsennik Number 16 dlya pereotsenki pod "emno- 151
transportnogo oborudovaniya gruzopod "emnykh i
transportiruyushchikh mashin. (Covers hoist-trans-
port equipment and goods lifting and transporting
machines.) Note: This Tsennik is not available. The
price was taken from the secondary source given in
the footnote to Item 151 in appendix B.
23. Tsennik Number 23 dlya stroitel'nykh i
dorozhnykh mashin. (Covers construction and road 150, 152,
machinery.) Note: This Tsennik is not available. 159
The prices were taken from the secondary source
given in the footnote to Item, 150 in appendix B.
25. Tsennik Number 25 dlya pereotsenki. dizeley 10-12, 28-
statsionarnykh, dizel'-generatorov, 29, 197-204,
gazomotokompressorov, dvigateley 206
karbyuratornykh i traktorov, primenyaemykh v
lespromkhozakh i drugikh promyshlennykh
predpriyatiyakh, "Kolos," Moscow, 1970. (Covers
stationary diesels, diesel generators, gas motor com-
pressors, carburetor engines,.and tractors used in
forestry industry enterprises and in other indus-trial
enterprises.)
26. Tsennik Number 26 dlya pereotsenki 1-9
oborudovaniya teplovykh elektrostantsiy
moshchnost'yu of 4,000 kvt i vyshe, "Energiya,"
Moscow, 1970. (Covers equipment for thermal
power stations of 4,000 kilovolt and up.)
28. Tsennik Number 28 dlya pereotsenki 24-27
oborudovaniya promyshlennykh
gidroelektrostantsiy, "Energiya," Moscow, 1970.
(Covers equipment for industrial hydroelectric
power stations.)
29. Tsennik Number 29 dlya pereotsenki
oborudovaniya sel'skikh gidroeletrostantsiy i 30-32
dizel'nykh elektrostantsiy, "Energiya," Moscow,
1970. (Covers equipment for rural hydroelectric
power stations and diesel electric power stations.)
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO135OR000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Title Sample Item
Number
A. 1 January 1972 Tsennik Series (continued)
32. Tsennik Number 32 dlya pereotsenki 110-111
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya
neftedobyvayushchey promyshlennosti (burovoye i
ekspluatatsionnoye oborudovaniye), "Nedra," Mos-
cow, 1970. (Covers specialized equipment for the pe-
troleum extraction industry [drilling and exploita-
tion equipment].)
34. Tsennik Number 34 dlya pereotsenki 112
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya
gazobenzinovykh i geliyevykh zavodov, "Nedra,"
Moscow, 1970. (Covers specialized equipment for
natural gas and helium plants.)
36. Tsennik Number 36 spetsializirovannyye mashiny i 113-117
oborudovaniye ugol'noy i gornorudnoy
promyshlenosti, "Nedra," Moscow, 1970. (Covers
specialized machinery and equipment for the coal-
and ore-mining industry.)
39. Tsennik Number 39 dlya pereotsenki 118-121
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya domennykh,
staleplavil'nykh, prokatnykh, truboprokatnykh,
pryamogo polucheniya metalla,.ferrosplavnykh i
truboliteynykh tsekhov predpriyatiy chernoy
metallurgii, "Metallurgiya," Moscow, 1970.
(Covers specialized equipment for blast furnaces,
steelmaking, metal rolling, pipe rolling, direct metal
extraction, ferroalloy, and pipe casting shops of fer-
rous metallurgy enterprises.)
50. Tsennik Number 50 dlya pereotsenki 127
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya khimicheskoy
promyshlennosti, "Khimiya," Moscow, 1970.
(Covers specialized equipment for the chemical in-
dustry.)
53. Tsennik Number 53 dlya pereotsenki 128
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya sazhevoy
promyshlennosti, "Nedra," Moscow, 1970. (Covers
specialized equipment for the carbon black indus-
try.)
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Title Sample Item
Number
A. 1 January 1972 Tsennik Series (continued)
54. Tsennik Number 54 dlya pereotsenki 129-130
tekhnologicheskogo oborudovaniya shinnoy
promyshlennosti, promyshlennosti
rezinotekhnicheskikh i asbestotekhnicheskikh
izdeliy i rezinovoy obuvi, "Nedra," Moscow, 1970.
(Covers technological equipment for the tire indus-
try, industrial rubber, and asbestos articles, and rub-
ber footwear industries.)
61. Tsennik Number 61 dlya pereotsenki 236-244
spetsializirovannogo tekhnologicheskogo,
kontrol'no-izmeritel'nogo i ispytatel'nogo
oborudovaniya dlya proizvodstva izdeliy
elektronnoy tekhniki, "Sovetskoye Radio," Mos-
cow, 1970. (Covers specialized technological con-
trol-measuring and testing equipment for the manu-
facture of items of electronic equipment.)
80. Tsennik Number 80 dlya pereotsenki 140-141
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya sakharnoy
promyshlennosti, "Pishchevaya Promyshlennost',"
Moscow, 1970. (Covers specialized equipment for
the sugar industry.)
94. Tsennik Number 94 dlya pereotsenki 142-143
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya
poligraficheskoy promyshelennosti, "Kniga," Mos-
cow, 1970. (Covers specialized equipment for the
printing industry.)
100. Tsennik Number 100 dlya pereotsenki podvizhnogo 168-173
sostava zheleznodorozhnogo transporta. (Covers
rolling stock for railroad transportation.) Note: This
Tsennik is not available. The prices were taken from
the secondary source given in the footnote to Item
168 in appendix B.
110. Tsennik Number 110 dlyapereotsenki avtomobiley, 183-193,
avtobusov, avtopritsepov i motorollerov, 195-196
Atomizdat, Moscow, 1970. (Covers motor vehicles,
buses, vehicle trailers, and motor scooters.)
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Title Sample Item
Number
B. 1 January 1973 Tsennik Series
6. Tsennik Number 6 dlya pereotsenki ventilyatorov 147, 149,
obshchego naznacheniya, konditsionerov, 155, 157-
stroitel'nykh i dorozhnykh mashin, drobil'no- 158, 160-
razmol'nogo oborudovaniya, spetsializirovannogo 167
oborudovaniya po proizvodstvu sbornogo
zhelezobetona na 1 yanvarya 1973 g.,
"Mashinostroyeniye," Moscow, 1972. (Covers gen-
eral-purpose ventilators, conditioners, construction
and road machinery, crushing-grinding equipment,
and specialized equipment for the production of re-
inforced concrete sections.)
9. Tsennik Number 9 dlya pereotsenki khimicheskogo 131-132
oborudovaniya obshchego naznacheniya,
oborudovaniya khimicheskoy promyshlennosti i
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya dlya
lakokrasochnykh pokrytiy na 1 yanvarya 1973 g.,
"Khimiya," Moscow, 1971. (Covers general-pur-
pose chemical equipment, equipment for the chemi-
cal industry, and specialized equipment for varnish-
paint coverings.)
10. Tsennik Number 10 dlya pereotsenki pod"emno- 144-146,
transportnogo oborudovaniya gruzopod"emnykh i 148, 153
transportiruyushchikh mashin na 1. yanvarya 1973
g., "Transport," Moscow, 1971. (Covers hoist-trans-
port equipment, and goods lifting and trans-porting
machines.)
17. Tsennik Number 17 dlya pereotsenki sredstv 93-94
vychislitel'noy tekhniki na 1 yanvarya 1973 g.,
"Mir," Moscow, 1971. (Covers calculating equip-
ment, including computers.)
25. Tsennik Number 25 dlya pereotsenki opticheskikh 95-97
priborov i prisposobleniy k nim na I yanvarya 1973
g., "Nedra," Moscow, 1972. (Covers optical instru-
ments and accessories.)
Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Title Sample Item
Number
B. 1 January 1973 Tsennik Series (continued)
29. Tsennik Number 29 dlya pereotsenki 207-225
sel'skokhozyaystvennykh mashin, traktorov i
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya po remontu
traktorov i sel'skokhozyaystvennykh mashin na 1
yanvarya 1973 g., "Kolos," Moscow, 1972. (Covers
agricultural machinery, tractors, and specialized
equipment for the repair of tractors and agricultural
machinery.)
30. Tsennik Number 30 dlya pereotsenki 76-81, 92,
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya lesnoy i 133
derevoobrabatyvayushchey promyshlennosti na I
yanvarya 1973 g., "Lesnaya Promyshlennost',"
Moscow, 1972. (Covers specialized equipment for
the forestry and woodworking industries.)
33. Tsennik Number 33 dlya pereotsenki
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya 136-138
khlopkoochistitel'noy, khlopchatobumazhnoy,
pervichnoy obrabotki shersti, sherstyanoy,
shelkovoy, 1'nyanoy, pen'kodzhutovoy otrasley
promyshlennosti, promyshlennosti netkanykh
materialov na 1 yanvarya 1973 g., "Legkaya
Industriya," Moscow, 1972. (Covers specialized
equipment for the cotton, wool, silk, initial working
of wool, cotton cleaning, flax, and hemp-jute indus-
tries, and the industries of noncloth materials, tech-
nical articles, and initial working of bast fibers.)
34. Tsennik Number 34 dlya pereotsenki
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya trikotazhnoy,
shveynoy i tekstil'no-galantereynoy
promyshlennosti na I yanvarya 1973 g., "Legkaya
Industriya," Moscow, 1972. (Covers specialized
equipment for the knitted goods, clothing, and tex-
tile-haberdashery industries.)
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Title Sample Item
Number
35. Tsennik Number 35 dlya pereotsenki 139
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya kozhevennoy,
obuvnoy, kozhgalantereynoy, mekhovoy i ovchinno-
sh ubnoy promyshlennosti i promyshlennosti
iskusstvennykh kozh i plenochnykh materialov na I
yanvarya 1973 g., "Legkaya Industriya," Moscow,
1972. (Covers specialized equipment for the leather,
shoe, haberdashery leather, and sheepskin coat in-
dustries, and the industry of artificial leather and
membrane materials.)
42. Tsennik Number 42 dlya pereotsenki avtomobiley, 194
avtobusov vsekh vidov, avtopritsepov, motorollerov,
spetsializirovannogo avtogarazhnogo i
avtoremontnogo oborudovaniya na I yanvarya 1973
g., "Transport," Moscow, 1972. (Covers motor vehi-
cles and buses of all types, vehicle trailers, motor
scooters, and specialized auto garage and auto repair
equipment.)
45. Tsennik Number 45 dlya pereotsenki 101-103,
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya svyazi, radio i 105-109,
televideniya na 1 yanvarya 1973 g., "Svyaz'," Mos- 226-234
cow, 1972. (Covers specialized equipment for com-
munications, radio, and television.)
47. Tsennik Number 47 dlya pereotsenki 104
meditsinskogo oborudovaniya i meditsinskikh
rentgenovskikh ustanovok, "Meditsina," Moscow,
1971. (Covers medical equipment and medical X-
ray equipment.)
48. Tsennik Number 48 dlya pereotsenki 98-100
spetsializirovannogo oborudovaniya
gidrometeorologicheskoy sluzhby na I yanvarya
1973 g., Gidrometeoizdat, Moscow, 1972. (Covers
specialized hydrometeorological equipment and in-
struments.)
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/16: CIA-RDP08SO1350R000100190001-6
Elektrotechnicheskiy spravochnik, fourth edition,
Volume I, Book 1, "Energiya," Moscow, 1971. 37-51
Shornik 25, Ukrupnennykh pokazateley 52-56
vosstanovitel'noy stoimosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy
svyazi dlya pereotsenki osnovnykh fondov,
"Meditsina," Moscow, 1970.
V. A. Padnya, Pogruzochno-razgruzochnyye 150-152
mashiny: spravochnik, third edition, "Transport,"
Moscow, 1972.
S. E. Kantorer (Ed.), Raschety ekonomicheskoy 154, 156
effektivnosti primeneniya mashin v stroitel'stve,
Stroizdat, Moscow, 1972.
A. K. Reysh, S. M. Borisov, B. F. Bandikov, Yu. B. 159
Deynego, V. A. Ivanov, Spravochnoye posobiye po
stroitel'nym mashinam, vypusk 2: mashiny dlya
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