ENERGY SUPPLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE: A STATISTICAL COMPILATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP08S01350R000100130003-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 76
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 12, 2008
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 1, 1979
• Content Type: REPORT

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National
Foreign
Assessment
Center
Energy Supplies in Eastern
Europe: A Statistical
Compilation
ER 79-10624
December 1979
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National
Foreign
Assessment
Center
Energy Supplies in Eastern
Europe: A Statistical
Compilation
Research for this report was completed
on 31 October 1979.
Comments and queries on this unclassified report
are welcome and may be directed to:
Director for Public Affairs
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C., 20505
[phone]
For information on obtaining additional copies,
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ER 79-10624
December 1979
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Energy Supplies in Eastern
Europe: A Statistical
Compilation
Introduction The purpose of this Reference Aid is to assemble and organize data on East
European energy supplies. Statistics on consumption, production, imports,
and exports of energy are provided for Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the
German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Official
government sources (usually statistical yearbooks) are used to the greatest
extent possible. The data are presented for the years 1960-77 both in crude
oil equivalents and in physical units.
The first section of this paper summarizes some of the main trends in the
energy balances of Eastern Europe and presents a number of cross-country
comparisons, both among the East European countries themselves and with
the USSR and Western Europe. Special attention is paid to Eastern
Europe's growing dependence on foreign trade for adequate supplies of
energy.
The appendixes present for each East European country historical data on
(a) the energy balance, (b) energy consumption, (c) energy production,
(d) energy imports, (e) energy exports, (f) coal production and trade, (g)
coal inventories and stocks (where possible), (h) oil production and trade, (i)
natural gas production and trade, and (j) primary electricity production and
trade. They also indicate the sources used in collecting or estimating the
statistics and converting them to a consistent basis.
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Patterns of Energy Use 1
Hydroelectric and Nuclear Power 2
1. Eastern Europe: Consumption of Primary Energy
2. Eastern Europe: Basic Energy Statistics
3. Eastern Europe: Average .Annual Growth of GNP
and Energy Consumption
4. Eastern Europe: Per Capita Consumption of Energy
5. Eastern and Western Europe: Share of Energy Consumption 7
6. Eastern Europe: Average Annual Growth of Energy Consumption 7
7. Eastern Europe: Average Annual Growth of Energy Consumption 8
by Country
8. Primary Energy: Share of Coal Consumption
9. Eastern Europe: Consumption of Primary Energy
by Country, 1977
12. Eastern Europe: Production and Consumption of Oil
14. Eastern Europe: Imports of Energy
15. Eastern Europe: Energy Imports as a Share of Energy Consumption 11
16. Eastern Europe: Energy Imports from the USSR as a Share of Total 11
Energy Imports
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18. Eastern Europe: Energy Imports from the USSR as a Share of 12
Energy Consumption
19. Eastern Europe: Crude Oil Imports From Non-Communist 13
Countries
20. Eastern Europe: Exports of Energy
21. Eastern Europe: Exports of Energy by Country, 1977
22. Eastern Europe: Energy Exports to Non-Communist Countries, 14
1977
1. Eastern Europe: Energy Consumption by Type
2. Bulgaria: Energy Consumption by Type
3. Czechoslovakia: Energy Consumption by Type
4. GDR: Energy Consumption by Type
5. Hungary: Energy Consumption by Type
7. Romania: Energy Consumption by Type
A. Bulgaria: Energy Consumption, Production, and Trade 19
B. Czechoslovakia: Energy Consumption, Production, and Trade 29
D. Hungary: Energy Consumption, Production, and Trade
E. Poland: Energy Consumption, Production, and Trade
F. Romania: Energy Consumption, Production, and Trade 67
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Energy Supplies in Eastern
Europe: A Statistical
Compilation
Since the early 1960s, Eastern Europe, in an effort to
limit high-cost domestic production and generate more
economic growth, has been shifting from almost
exclusive reliance on domestic coal for its primary
energy supply ' to a more balanced pattern using
increasing amounts of oil and natural gas (see table 1,
figure 1, and the charts for individual countries,
figures 2=7).2 Because of the paucity of oil and gas in
East European countries other than Romania, how-
ever, the bulk of their oil and natural gas has had to be
imported, mainly from the USSR.
The rapid transformation of the East European econo-
mies to a hydrocarbon base has been threatened since
the early 1970s by (a) hard currency payments
problems that have precluded massive increases in oil
imports from the West and (b) the Soviet decision in
the early 1970s to limit oil deliveries to Eastern Europe
during the 1976-80 period. Despite strenuous efforts,
East European planners so far have been unable to
reduce the energy consumption per unit of GNP or the
growth of per capita energy consumption (tables 2, 3,
and 4). Indeed, in contrast to West European exper-
ience the share of oil in energy consumption in Eastern
Europe grew rapidly between 1970 and 1977 (table 5).
Nevertheless, during 1974-77 the East Europeans were
able to increase the rate of growth of coal consumption
and slow the rate of increase of oil use (see tables 6 and
7).
Coal
Eastern Europe began the 1970s as the only major
industrialized area that still relied heavily on coal. In
1970, for example, coal supplied 69 percent of primary
' Primary energy in this paper includes production of coal, oil, gas,
and electricity from hydroelectric and nuclear power plants plus net
imports of coal, oil, oil products, gas, and electricity. It excludes
electricity produced from any primary energy source (coal, oil, gas)
and peat and firewood.
' The tables and graphics for this first section follow on page 4.
Detailed country tables are to be found in the appendixes.
energy consumption in Eastern Europe compared with
43 percent in the USSR and 26 percent in Western
Europe (table 8). The two largest economies-Poland
and the German Democratic Republic (GDR)-
depended on coal for over 80 percent of their energy
supplies that year. Despite a steady decline, coal still
represents nearly 60 percent of Eastern Europe's
energy consumption (table 9).
During the 1971-75 plan period, as the East Europeans
moved to reduce the growth of coal usage, production
grew only 1.2 percent annually. Almost the entire
increase was attributable to rising hard coal output in
Poland. Production fell in Bulgaria, the GDR, and
Hungary and rose only slightly in Czechoslovakia as
these countries deliberately downplayed coal produc-
tion in favor of imported oil. Some countries even
closed less efficient mines. Because Poland exports
about one-fourth of its coal output, consumption in
Eastern Europe grew even more slowly than produc-
tion, increasing by 0.7 percent annually.
Because of the limits on Soviet oil deliveries and the
increased cost of Western oil, the East European
countries were forced to reassess their domestic coal
programs for the 1976-80 period. Current plans call
for production to rise at an average annual rate of
3 percent in 1976-80, compared with the 1.2 percent
achieved in 1971-75. Nonetheless, although all East
European countries have raised their coal production
targets through 1980, most will be unable to achieve
much growth. The brown coals of Czechoslovakia and
the GDR are increasingly inaccessible; GDR hard coal
reserves have been exhausted. Hungary already is
producing close to capacity. Romania and Bulgaria are
falling far short of plan because of delays in developing
new fields. Moreover, except for Poland, the East
European countries are compelled to rely increasingly
on poorer quality brown coal and lignite, and the
calorific content of a ton of mined coal consequently
has been steadily declining (tables 10 and 11). Poland,
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however, probably will meet its goal of a 21-percent
hike in hard coal production above the 1975 level, to
about 208 million tons by 1980.
Oil
Because of the lack of reserves, East European oil
production grew only 1.4 percent annually in 1971-75
while oil consumption rose at the rate of 9.1 percent.
Output totaled 364,000 barrels per day (b/d) in 1975
and accounted for about 20 percent of consumption
(table 12). Romania accounted for all of the increase
in output in 1971-75, producing 84 percent of the
area's crude oil in 1975. The more industrialized
countries of Eastern Europe (the GDR, Czechoslova-
kia, and Poland) produced neglible amounts of crude
oil. Hungary, the only other significant producer in
Eastern Europe, produced just 40,000 b/d in 1975.
Despite vigorous efforts to boost production, East
European oil production is likely to fall slightly
between 1975 and 1980. Apparently because of
dwindling reserves, Romanian output declined in 1977
and again in 1978, although earthquake damage and
industrial accidents also may have been a factor. A
continued slow drop in Romanian output through 1980
is unlikely to be offset by expected small increases in
Bulgarian and Polish production. Hungary probably
will hold 1980 output at the 1975 level in order to
husband reserves. In 1981-85, East European output
should continue to fall as Romanian production drops.
Natural Gas
Eastern Europe has been somewhat successful in
raising gas output in the 1970s, but limited reserves
will prevent further significant increases in the area's
output (table 13). During the 1971-75 period gas
production grew by 5.8 percent annually. Although
consumption climbed much faster (by 8.9 percent
annually), output in 1975 still met 82 percent of
Eastern Europe's needs. Romania continues to be the
major producer, accounting for more than two-thirds
of total East European production. Growth in 1971-75
also was spurred by new finds in the GDR, Hungary,
and Poland.
During 1976-80, gas production probably will grow at
approximately 3 percent annually-about one-half the
1971-75 rate. Growth would be even slower if Roma-
nia and Hungary were able to follow through on plans
to hold down output to husband diminishing reserves.
Energy shortages, however, have led these countries to
raise production and draw down reserves more quickly
than planned.
Beyond 1980, gas production is likely to fall steadily as
the result of declining reserves. The Romanians have
announced a 1985 output target of 262,000 b/d crude
oil equivalent-9 percent below the 1978 level-but
even this goal is probably optimistic. The GDR
releases little information on gas production but has
indicated sharp disappointment with the reserves at
their major field in Salzwedel. Hungary and Poland
will be fortunate to maintain 1980 production levels
through 1985. The other countries-Czechoslovakia
and Bulgaria-have little gas production and little
prospect of any new finds.
Hydroelectric and Nuclear Power
The East European countries have little potential for
hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy will have little
impact before 1980, except for Bulgaria, where
nuclear energy already is providing 20 percent of total
electricity production. Two additional 440-megawatt
(MW) units are scheduled to double Bulgaria's
nuclear capacity by the end of 1980. In the GDR
nuclear production's share of total electricity produc-
tion should be about 10 percent in 1980. About 5
percent of electricity output in Czechoslovakia will be
produced by nuclear energy by the end of the current
plan period. Construction delays probably will prevent
Hungary from bringing its first nuclear reactor on
stream before 1981 (one year late); Romania and
Poland are not likely to have reactors until the end of
the 1980s.
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Foreign Trade
Energy Imports
The sluggish growth of energy production has forced
the East Europeans to rely heavily on imports to meet
their growing energy needs (table 14). During the
1971-77 period, imports grew 9 percent annually,
nearly four times the growth rate of domestic energy
production. By 1977, imports of energy accounted for
34 percent of consumption, compared with 25 percent
in 1970 and 14 percent in 1960. Excluding Poland
(with its coal) and Romania (with its oil and gas),
imports of energy for the other four countries rose from
33 percent of consumption in 1970 to 45 percent in
1977. Bulgaria and Hungary depend most heavily on
imports, relying on them for more than half of their
1977 energy consumption (table 15).
Imports From USSR. The Soviet Union supplies most
of the area's imports of crude oil, coal, natural gas, and
electricity and accounts for about three-quarters of
total energy purchases (table 16). The bulk of these
deliveries is in the form of oil, although gas is becoming
more important. Between 1970 and 1977, East Euro-
pean dependence on the USSR continued to grow, with
the Soviet contribution to the region's energy imports
rising from 73 percent in 1970 to 76 percent in 1977.
The Soviet share of each type of energy import grew
during this period, with the exception of oil. The fall in
the USSR's share of East European oil imports from
84 percent to 78 percent occurred mainly because of
the sharp rise in oil imports by Romania, which
imports no oil from the USSR. The heavy dependence
of the other five countries on the USSR for oil
continued (table 17).
The dependence on the USSR varies widely by
country. Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the GDR, and
Hungary receive between 28 and 70 percent of their
total energy requirements from the USSR (table 18).
In 1971-77, moreover, larger Soviet deliveries ac-
counted for almost all of the growth in energy
consumption of these four countries. Poland, a large
coal producer, is less dependent upon the USSR, and
Romania imports little energy from the Soviet Union.
In the early 1970s, the East European countries were
told that Soviet oil deliveries would be held to the 1975
level, but Moscow relented and subsequently increased
deliveries somewhat. Thus, the Soviet share of total
East European energy consumption has continued to
rise in 1976-78. This share, however, is not increasing
as fast as it did, mainly because of a slowdown in the
growth of Soviet oil deliveries-3 percent annually in
1976-78 compared with nearly 10 percent a year in
1971-75. At the same time, the Soviets have raised oil
prices to Eastern Europe annually since 1975 and have
required the East Europeans to either pay in hard
currency or to invest further in Soviet resource
development for oil deliveries greater than called for in
their trade agreements. But some of the burden of
higher prices was eased when Moscow permitted the
East Europeans to run large bilateral trade deficits
with the USSR.
During the 1979-80 period, Soviet energy shipments
are expected to accelerate, in line with earlier proto-
cols. Although the growth of oil deliveries probably
will decline, the startup of the Soyuz (Orenburg) gas
pipeline system this year will more than make up the
difference, doubling Soviet gas exports from 258,000
b/d oil equivalent in 1978 to 516,000 b/d oil equiv-
alent in 1980. Total Soviet energy exports to Eastern
Europe should increase from 2.1 million b/d oil
equivalent in 1978 to 2.4 million b/d oil equivalent in
1980. Overall, Soviet energy shipments will meet 55
percent of the increment in Eastern Europe's energy
needs during the next two years.
Imports From Other Countries. While energy pur-
chases from the USSR have continued to rise, the East
Europeans have strived to buy enough OPEC oil to
satisfy their residual energy demands (table 19). At
the same time, they have been wrestling with hard
currency payments problems since (a) oil prices
quadrupled in 1973-74, (b) the subsequent price
explosion of raw materials raised the cost of East
European imports, and (c) slower growth in the West
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held down demand for their exports. Excluding im-
ports for Romania, oil imports from OPEC countries
grew at an average annual rate of almost 5 percent
during 1974-78, but barely have risen as a share of
total crude oil imports. Romanian oil imports, on the
other hand, more than tripled during 1974-78 because
domestic production peaked in 1976 and then fell.
In 1979-80, the East Europeans will continue to hold
down non-Soviet imports, buying only an estimated
100,000 b/d more by 1980. Romania alone is expected
to account for 60 percent of this growth. The other
East European countries should have sufficient oil for
their economies, the growth of which has been slowing,
with the additional supplies from the USSR and the
small increases planned in purchases from OPEC.
Energy Exports
Because of limited energy reserves, East European
exports amounted to only 1 million b/d crude oil
equivalent in 1977-about 13 percent of consumption
and more than one-third of the import level (table 20).
Poland-the only net energy exporter in the area-
accounts for more than three-fifths of total energy
exports (table 21). Romania, which imports crude oil
from the West for processing and reexport to the West,
accounts for the second largest share of East European
exports.
Eastern Europe's energy exports are sold predomi-
nantly to the West in order to earn hard currency. The
USSR received only 13 percent of the area's energy
exports in 1977, and Polish coal accounted for virtually
all Soviet imports. Polish coal also represents more
than one-half of total East European energy sales to
the West; sales of East European oil to the West
comprise most of the remainder (table 22).
Eastern Europe: Consumption of Primary Energy
Thousand
b/d Oil
Equivalent
Per-
cent
Thousand
b/d Oil
Equivalent
Per-
cent
Thousand
b/d Oil
Equivalent
Per-
cent
Thousand
b/d Oil
Equivalent
Per-
cent
Thousand
b/d Oil
Equivalent
Per-
cent
Oil
318
8
593
12
1,072
18
1,660
23
1,926
25
Gas
232
6
386
8
676
11
1,033
14
1,221
16
Electricity
49
1
72
2
105
2
186
3
234
3
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Eastern Europe: Basic Energy Statistics '
1960
3,791
3,870
513
592
1970
5,946
5,280
1,470
805
1977
7,846
6,177
2,674
1,004
1960
131
109
24
2
1970
391
151
247
7
1977
591
154
442
4
1960
798
761
101
64
1970
1,136
906
332
101
1977
1,457
948
607
98
1960
1,166
1,027
221
82
1970
1,491
1,172
387
68
1977
1,686
1,170
597
81
1960
270
207
77
15
1970
431
277
184
29
1977
549
292
297
40
1960
1,050
1,278
74
303
1970
1,653
1,895
232
474
1977
2,319
2,479
472
632
1960
376
487
15
126
1970
844
879
89
124
1977
1,244
1,133
259
149
Eastern Europe: Average Annual Growth
of GNP and Energy Consumption'
1974-77
Energy GNP
Consumption
Energy GNP
Consumption
Energy GNP
Consumption
Energy
Consumption
3.8
4.6
4.1
4.1
5.2
9.0
4.7
6.1
4.5
7.2
3.7
5.6
3.4
2.9
3.4
2.7
3.1
3.7
3.2
4.0
GDR
3.1
2.3
3.5
1.2
2.8
2.2
3.7
2.1
Hungary
3.0
3.7
3.3
3.4
2.8
5.1
2.4
3.7
Poland
4.0
4.9
6.5
4.7
6.7
4.9
4.4
5.2
Romania
5.0
8.4
6.7
5.9
6.4
7.8
6.2
4.8
'Thad P. Alton, et al, Economic Growth in Eastern Europe 1965-
1978, Economic Studies, L. W. International Financial Research, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1979.
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Eastern Europe: Per Capita Consumption of Energy'
Bulgaria
0.017
0.031
0.046
0.060
0.067
Oil
0.003
0.009
0.020
0.029
0.032
Coal
0.012
0.020
0.023
0.023
0.021
Gas
0
NEGL.
0.001
0.002
0.005
Electricity 3
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.008
Czechoslovakia
0.058
0.070
0.079
0.088
0.097
Oil
0.004
0.008
0.014
0.022
0.026
Coal
0.052
0.058
0.059
0.057
0.060
Gas
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.009
Electricity 3
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
GDR
0.068
0.078
0.087
0.094
0.101
Oil
0.002
0.005
0.011
0.017
0.020
Coal
0.066
0.073
0.075
0.070
0.071
Gas
NEGL
NEGL
0.001
0.006
0.007
Electricity
NEGL
NEGL
0.001
0.002
0.003
Hungary
0.027
0.036
0.042
0.048
0.052
Oil
0.004
0.007
0.012
0.019
0.020
Coal
0.021
0.025
0.022
0.018
0.017
Gas
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.009
0.012
Electricity '
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
Poland
0.036
0.041
0.051
0.061
0.067
Oil
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.009
0.010
Coal
0.033
0.037
0.042
0.048
0.051
Gas
NEGL
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.005
Electricity '
NEGL
NEGL
NEGL
NEGL
NEGL
Romania
0.020
0.030
0.042
0.053
0.057
Oil
0.006
0.008
0.011
0.013
0.016
Coal
0.004
0.005
0.008
0.010
0.010
Gas
0.010
0.017
0.022
0.028
0.029
Electricity
NEGL
NEGL
NEGL
0.001
0.002
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
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Eastern and Western Europe:
Share of Energy Consumption
Coal
84
56
78
42
69
26
60
22
57
20
Oil
8
33
12
47
18
59
23
55
25
55
Gas
6
2
8
2
11
6
14
14
16
14
'CIA, The World Oil Market in the Years Ahead, ER 79-10327U,
August 1979. Based principally on OECD annual energy statistics
from Energy Statistics.
] Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Eastern Europe: Average Annual Growth
of Energy Consumption
Coal
1.8
0.7
1.3
1.9
Oil
12.6
9.1
13.2
5.8
Gas
11.9
8.8
8.3
9.3
Electricity
7.9
12.2
14.8
13.8
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Eastern Europe: Average Annual Growth
of Energy Consumption by Country
Bulgaria
Coal
4.1
0.4
1.7
-0.8
Oil
17.8
8.1
11.8
3.8
Gas
45.2
21.7
-19.3
89.1
Electricity
-4.0
33.4
27.1
21.8
Czechoslovakia
Coal
0.7
NEGL
0.7
1.5
Oil
11.6
9.7
12.6
6.3
Gas
21.9
14.4
13.8
25.4
Electricity
4.3
1.9
6.7
-0.2
Coal
0.6
-1.8
-0.7
-0.3
Oil
17.8
9.3
13.8
5.4
Gas
48.5
55.9
90.7
18.4
Electricity'
18.9
15.0
3.3
23.6
Hungary
Coal
-2.1
-3.9
-2.5
-1.5
Oil
10.0
10.6
13.8
5.9
Gas
22.6
10.3
9.9
11.7
Electricity
17.7
2.3
16.1
-2.7
Poland
Coal
3.1
3.5
3.2
4.4
Oil
12.3
12.5
14.8
7.8
Gas
28.4
6.1
11.8
6.6
Electricity'
32.8
-2.4
-45.4
119.8
Romania
Coal
11.5
4.9
6.8
2.6
Oil
8.4
5.4
12.8
5.3
Gas
7.5
5.7
5.0
4.6
Electricity'
-13.6
71.7
NA
22.0
Primary Energy:
Share of Coal in Consumption
Eastern Europe 84
78
69
60
USSR 63
52
43
37
Western Europe 56
42
26
22
United States 23
22
19
19
Table 9
Eastern Europe: Consumption of
Primary Energy by Country, 1977
Percent
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Total
57
25
16
3
Bulgaria
32
48
8
12
Czechoslovakia
62
26
9
3
GDR
71
20
7
3
Hungary
34
39
23
5
Poland
77
15
7
1
Romania
18
28
51
3
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
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Eastern Europe: Coal Production
1960
1965
1970
1975
1977
Hard
Coal
Brown
Coal
and
Lignite
Hard
Coal
Brown
Coal
and
Lignite
Hard
Coal
Brown
Coal
and
Lignite
Hard
Coal
Brown
Coal
and
Lignite
Hard
Coal
Brown
Coal
and
Lignite
Bulgaria
4
96
2
98
1
99
1
99
1
99
Czechoslovakia
31
69
28
72
26
74
25
75
23
77
GDR
1
99
1
99
NEGL
100
NEGL
100
NEGL
100
Hungary
11
89
14
86
15
85
12
88
11
89
Poland
92
8
84
16
81
19
81
19
82
18
Romania
50
50
45
55
31
69
27
73
26
74
Table 11 Tons of Standard Fuel ' Per Ton of Coal
Eastern Europe: Calorific Content
Per Ton of Mined Coal
Bulgaria
0.4209
0.3573
0.3045
0.2981
0.2812
Czechoslovakia
0.6091
0.5830
0.5623
0.5421
0.5335
GDR
0.3198
0.3123
0.3132
0.3050
0.3029
Hungary
0.4765
0.4555
0.4677
0.4176
0.3975
Poland
0.7917
0.7557
0.7395
0.7340
0.7368
Romania
0.5439
0.5238
0.4360
0.3867
0.3862
' One ton of standard fuel contains 7,000 kilocalories per kilogram.
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Eastern Europe: Production and
Consumption of Oil
Production '
Consumption '
Production
Production '
Consumption '
Production Production '
Consumption '
Production
(Thousand
b/d Oil
(Thousand
b/d Oil
as a Share of (Thousand
Consumption b/d Oil
(Thousand
b/d Oil
as a Share of (Thousand
Consumption b/d Oil
(Thousand
b/d Oil
as a Share of
Consumption
Equivalent)
Equivalent)
(Percent)
Equivalent)
Equivalent)
(Percent)
Equivalent)
Equivalent)
(Percent)
Total
340
1,072
32
364
1,660
22
364
1,926
19
Bulgaria
7
174
4
2
256
1
3
284
1
Czechoslovakia
4
206
2
3
326
1
2
383
1
GDR
1
183
1
1
286
NEGL
1
341
NEGL
Hungary
39
121
32
40
200
20
44
212
21
Poland
8
171
5
11
308
4
7
359
2
Romania
281
218
129
306
283
108
307
348
88
Eastern Europe: Production and
Consumption of Natural Gas
Production'
Consumption'
Production
Production'
Consumption'
Production
Production'
Consumption'
Production
(Thousand
b/d Oil
(Thousand
b/d Oil
as a Share of (Thousand
Consumption b/d Oil
(Thousand
b/d Oil
as a Share of (Thousand
Consumption b/d Oil
(Thousand
b/d Oil
as a Share of
Consumption
Equivalent)
Equivalent)
(Percent)
Equivalent)
Equivalent)
(Percent)
Equivalent)
Equivalent)
(Percent)
Total
638
676
94
848
1,033
82
936
1,221
77
Bulgaria
8
8
100
2
21
10
NEGL
48
0
Czechoslovakia
18
38
47
14
76
18
15
133
11
GDR
10
11
92
45
98
46
53
111
48
Hungary
56
59
95
83
97
86
106
126
84
Poland
88
104
85
99
140
71
121
166
73
Romania
460
456
101
605
601
101
641
637
101
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Eastern Europe:
Imports of Energy '
1970 Total
1,470
418
941
43
68
Communist countries
1,303
377
817
43
66
USSR
1,072
213
789
39
31
Eastern Europe
223
164
21
4
34
Other Communist
8
NEGL
7
0
1
Non-Communist countries
168
41
123
1
3
1977 Total
2,674
438
1,832
289
114
Communist countries
2,252
404
1,447
289
111
USSR
2,022
252
1,424
286
60
Eastern Europe
224
152
22
4
47
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Eastern Europe: Energy Imports as a
Share of Energy Consumption
Bulgaria
19
44
63
73
75
Czechoslovakia
13
22
29
39
42
GDR
19
23
26
34
35
Hungary
29
35
43
54
54
Poland
7
11
14
19
20
Romania
4
4
11
15
21
Eastern Europe: Energy Imports
From the USSR as a Share of
Total Energy Imports
Total
73
76
76
Bulgaria
86
93
93
Czechoslovakia
80
86
85
GDR
66
79
80
Hungary
66
73
82
Poland
87
75
75
Romania
19
13
9
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Eastern Europe: Imports of
Crude Oil
Total
USSR
Soviet share of total East European oil
imports
Soviet share of total East European oil
imports, excluding Romania
790
912
1,087
1,234
1,273
1,402
1,566
1,658
1,810
687
770
888
998
1,066
1,166
1,234
87
84
82
81
84
83
79
79
75
92
90
86
87
90
90
88
88
88
Eastern Europe: Energy Imports
From the USSR as a Share of
Energy Consumption
Total
18
24
26
Bulgaria
54
68
70
Czechoslovakia
23
33
35
GDR
17
27
28
Hungary
28
40
44
Poland
12
14
15
Romania
2
2
2
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Eastern Europe: Crude Oil Imports
From Non-Communist Countries
Total
102,440
141,940
199,460
235,880
206,780
236,340
331,840
351,840
452,440
Bulgaria
18,740
34,940
38,280
42,780
32,400
11,960
16,340
18,280
26,840
Czechoslovakia
7,920
16,740
13,280
22,600
7,280
6,720
15,320
27,000
17,300
GDR
22,020
23,300
72,900
60,400
45,980
38,000
40,480
40,700
44,000
Hungary
7,940
9,800
17,540
15,840
13,820
29,480
21,200
16,440
29,260
Poland
0
0
0
11,400
16,540
48,480
69,000
72,540
76,300
Eastern Europe:
Exports of Energy '
1970 Total
805
556
208
5
35
Communist countries
361
288
36
5
33
USSR
114
103
11
0
NEGL
Eastern Europe
230
176
18
5
32
Other Communist
17
9
7
0
1
Non-Communist countries
444
268
173
NEGL
2
1977 Total
1,004
676
270
4
53
Communist countries
374
298
24
4
47
USSR
132
131
1
0
NEGL
Eastern Europe
222
155
20
4
42
Other Communist
20
12
3
0
5
Non-Communist countries
631
379
247
NEGL
6
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Eastern Europe: Exports of
Energy by Country,' 1977
Czechoslovakia
98
81
11
1
5
GDR
81
23
45
NEGL
13
Hungary
40
1
34
0
5
Poland
632
572
44
0
17
Romania
149
0
137
4
8
Eastern Europe: Energy Exports
to Non-Communist Countries,' 1977
Czechoslovakia
40
30
9
0
1
GDR
47
10
36
NEGL
NEGL
Hungary
33
NEGL
31
0
2
Poland
381
338
43
0
0
Romania
127
0
127
0
NEGL
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Eastern Europe Figure i Bulgaria
Energy Consumption by Type Energy Consumption by Type
1. Including hydro and nuclear power
and net imports of electricity.
1. Including hydro and nuclear power
and net imports of electricity.
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Czechoslovakia Figure 3 GDR
Energy Consumption by Type Energy Consumption by Type
1975 1977
1. Including hydro and nuclear power
and net imports of electricity.
1. Including hydro and nuclear power
and net imports of electricity.
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Hungary
Energy Consumption by Type
Percent
Poland
Energy Consumption by Type
Percent
1975 1977
1. Including hydro power and
net imports of electricity.
(~Eec4Pici4ul ,
1970 1975 1977
1. Including hydro power and
net imports of electricity.
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Romania
Energy Consumption by Type
Percent
6o Gas
1. Including hydro power and
net imports of electricity.
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Appendix A
Bulgaria: Energy Consumption,
Production, and Trade
Consumption
Consumption data for all energy sources represents
apparent consumption, compiled by adding production
and imports and subtracting exports. Coal inventories,
which appear in Statisticheski godishnik na narodna
republika Bulgariya (the Bulgarian statistical
yearbook), are reported for information but are not
reflected in consumption.
Production
The source for coal data for 1960 and 1965-77 is
Statisticheskiy yezhegodnik stran chlenov soveta
ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomoshchi (CEMA statisti-
cal yearbooks). The source for 1961-64 is the Bulgar-
ian statistical yearbooks. Coal production data for
1965-77 were converted to barrels per day of crude oil
equivalent by using the tables on per capita production
of coal in standard fuel in the CEMA yearbooks; data
for 1960-64 were converted by extrapolation from the
CEMA series. The source for oil and natural gas data
is the Bulgarian statistical yearbooks; data were
converted to barrels per day of crude oil equivalent by
assuming 10,010 kcal/kg (kilocalories per kilogram)
heat value for Bulgarian crude oil and 7.3 barrels per
ton and 8,400 kcal/cubic meter for natural gas.
The source for hydroelectricity production for 1960
and 1965-77 is the CEMA yearbooks and for 1961-64
the Bulgarian statistical yearbooks. The source for
nuclear power data is the UN Annual Bulletin of
Electric Energy Statisticsfor Europe. Crude oil
equivalents for hydroelectric and nuclear power are
based on the average specific consumption of fuels in
conventional thermal power plants for each year found
in the same UN publication. The heat value of crude
oil equivalent for all energy sources is assumed to be
10,010 kcal/kg.
Inventories and Stocks
The source for changes in coal inventories and other
stocks is the coal balance tables in the Bulgarian
statistical yearbooks. The category "other stocks" is
listed in the Bulgarian yearbooks as "additional
reserves" and apparently is not included in the
inventory data, although no explanation is provided for
the separate treatment.
Trade
The source for imports of hard coal, anthracite, and
hard coal briquettes for 1960-76 is vunshna turgoviya
na narodna Bulgariya (Bulgarian Foreign Trade).
Data on coke imports for 1960-76 are from the
Bulgarian statistical yearbooks. Coal and coke import
data for 1977 are from the CEMA statistical
yearbook. Exports of hard coal for 1960-63 and of
metallurgical coke for 1972-76 are from the Bulgarian
foreign trade books. Export data for coke for 1977 are
estimated.
Coal imports were converted to crude oil equivalent by
assuming 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal and coke, 7,000
kcal/kg for anthracite, and 4,450 kcal/kg for bri-
quettes. Coal exports were converted at 6,930 kcal/kg
for metallurgical coke and 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal.
Crude oil equivalent is measured at a constant 10,010
kcal/kg and 7.3 barrels per ton.
The source for crude oil imports and exports for 1960
and 1965-77 is the CEMA statistical yearbooks; the
source for 1961-64 is the Bulgarian trade books. Data
on oil product imports for 1960-66 are from the
Bulgarian statistical yearbooks and for 1967-73
Statisticheski izvestia (Bulgarian Statistical
Monthly). For 1974-76, imports of oil products were
estimated from the difference between Soviet exports
of crude oil and oil products in Vneshnaya torgovilya
SSSR (Soviet Foreign Trade) and Bulgarian data on
crude oil imports from the USSR in the Bulgarian
statistical yearbooks. Oil product imports in 1977 were
estimated from the value of Soviet deliveries of crude
oil and products in the Soviet foreign trade publication.
Oil product exports for 1960-70 are from the Bulgar-
ian statistical yearbooks and for 1971-72 from the
CEMA statistical yearbooks. Imports and exports of
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crude oil and products were converted to crude oil
equivalent by using 10,010 kcal/kg heat value for
crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton and 10,150 kcal/kg
for oil products.
The source for natural gas imports in 1974-76 is Soviet
Foreign Trade; 1977 imports were estimated from the
value of Soviet natural gas exports in Soviet Foreign
Trade. Natural gas imports were converted to crude oil
equivalent by assuming 8,190 kcal/cubic meter for
Soviet natural gas from Postroeniye i analiz
energeticheskovo balansa (Construction and Analysis
of the Energy Balance), A. C. Nekrasov, Yu. V.
Cinyak, and V. A. Yanpol'skiy, Moscow, 1974.
The source for electricity imports and exports is the
electric power balances in the Bulgarian statistical
yearbooks. Electricity trade was converted to crude oil
equivalent based on the average specific consumption
of fuels in conventional thermal power plants for each
year in the UN's Annual Bulletin.
Table A-1
b/d Oil Equivalent
1960
131,170'
108,990'
24,500
2,340
1961
142,010'
115,100'
30,100
3,200
1962
172,010'
122,520'
52,590
3,100
1963
193,950'
129,160'
66,990
2,210
1964
232,470'
138,710'
95,800
2,040
1965
254,060
144,450
111,730
2,110
1966
269,600
144,850
130,400
5,640
1967
297,670
152,490
149,590
4,430
1968
321,380'
152,150
177,100'
7,900
1969
360,160
149,640
215,010
4,480
1970
391,220
151,380
246,900
7,080
1971
426,570
137,480
290,540
1,450
1972
434,330
134,420
303,310
3,410
1973
475,970
132,600
344,680
1,300
1974
497,940'
123,340
376,010'
1,430
1975
526,960'
143,340
386,880'
3,240
1976
552,720'
145,500
410,730'
3,510
1977
591,010
153,590
441,990'
4,570
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Bulgaria: Consumption of Primary Energy
Total'
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity'
1960
131,170'
94,600'
22,110
0
14,460
1961
142,010'
101,120'
26,870
0
14,020
1962
172,010'
122,700'
37,010
0
12,300
1963
193,950'
131,410'
46,740
0
15,800
1964
232,470'
156,050'
66,010
0
10,410
1965
254,060
162,830
76,500
1,230
13,500
1966
269,600
167,080
87,270
1,830
13,420
1967
297,670
171,960
106,700
5,520
13,490
1968
321,380'
179,760'
123,300
8,500
9,820
1969
360,160
182,550
156,550
8,810
12,250
1970
391,220
198,640
173,650
7,950
10,980
1971
426,570
200,170
207,300
5,490
13,610
1972
434,330
196,810
217,280
3,700
16,540
1973
475,970
195,330
244,960
3,730
31,950
1974
497,940'
188,500
262,100'
8,040
39,300
1975
526,960'
203,080
256,220'
21,250
46,410
1976
552,720'
187,550
265,760'
37,100
62,310
1977
591,010
188,610
284,480'
47,660
70,260
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
' Estimated.
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Bulgaria: Production of Primary Energy
1960
108,990'
90,750'
4,000
0
14,240
1961
115,100'
97,250'
4,140
0
13,720
1962
122,520'
106,730'
3,980
0
11,800
1963
129,160'
110,550'
3,460
0
15,160
1964
138,710'
124,940'
3,200
0
10,580
1965
144,450
125,140
4,580
1,230
13,510
1966
144,850
121,730
8,080
1,830
13,210
1967
152,490
124,130
9,980
5,520
12,870
1968
152,150
126,190
9,500
8,500
7,980
1969
149,640
123,380
6,500
8,810
10,930
1970
151,380
124,560
6,680
7,950
12,190
1971
137,480
113,650
6,100
5,490
12,230
1972
134,420
113,950
4,960
3,700
11,810
1973
132,600
110,930
3,800
3,730
14,130
1974
123,340
100,750
2,880
3,020
16,700
1975
143,340
112,590
2,440
1,860
26,460
1976
145,500
99,350
2,340
620
43,180
1977
153,590
99,000
2,580
170
51,870
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Estimated.
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1960
24,500
4,560
19,740
0
210
1961
30,100
4,520
25,270
0
290
1962
52,590
16,650
35,360
0
590
1963
66,990
21,340
45,010
0
660
1964
95,800
31,120
64,670
0
10
1965
111,730
37,690
73,790
0
250
1966
130,400
45,340
84,760
0
290
1967
149,590
47,830
100,770
0
1,000
1968
177,1002
53,5602
121,440
0
2,100
1969
215,010
59,160
154,140
0
1,710
1970
246,900
74,080
172,240
0
570
1971
290,540
86,520
202,660
0
1,380
1972
303,310
84,170
213,540
0
5,610
1973
344,680
85,540
241,170
0
17,990
1974
376,010 2
89,160
259,220 2
5,020
22,620
1975
386,8802
91,750
253,8002
19,390
21,940
1976
410,7302
89,050
263,4202
36,480
21,780
1977
441,990 2
90,290
281,900 1,9002
47,500
2
22,290
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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Table A-5 b/d Oil Equivalent
Bulgaria: Exports of Primary Energy
1960
2,340
710
1,620
0
1961
3,200
650
2,540
0
1962
3,100
670
2,340
90
1963
2,210
480
1,710
30
1964
2,040
0
1,850
180
1965
2,110
0
1,850
260
1966
5,640
0
5,560
70
1967
4,430
0
4,050
380
1968
7,900
0
7,630
260
1969
4,480
0
4,100
390
1970
7,080
0
5,290
1,790
1971
1,450
0
1,450
0
1972
3,410
1,310
1,230
870
1973
1,300
1,130
0
170
1974
1,430
1,410
0
20
1975
3,240
1,260
0
1,990
1976
3,510
850
0
2,660
1977
4,570
680
0
3,890
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Bulgaria: Coal Production and Trade
Hard Coal
Brown Coal
and Lignite
Hard Coal'
Anthracite
Hard Coal
Briquettes
Coke
Hard Coal
Metallurgical
Coke
1960
571
15,416
0
0
0
344
54
0
1961
591
16,966
0
0
0
341
50
0
1962
636
19,104
905
20
0
326
50
0
1963
658
20,275
1,180
103
0
317
36
0
1964
609
23,751
1,791
189
0
352
0
0
1965
553
24,489
2,112
346
142
264
0
0
1966
491
24,653
2,142
762
246
300
0
0
1967
468
27,740
1,913
1,249
69
325
0
0
1968
439
28,282
1,8502
1,7502
501
304
0
0
1969
370
28,632
1,807
2,256
30
250
0
0
1970
397
28,854
2,045
2,845
104
465
0
0
1971
389
26,620
2,510
3,400
97
355
0
0
1972
384
26,893
2,458
3,304
6
395
0
94
1973
351
26,459
2,449
3,336
149
375
0
82
1974
307
23,998
2,310
3,742
153
357
0
102
1975
330
27,515
2,411
3,863
105
357
0
91
1976
295
25,184
2,657
3,528
5
328
0
62
1977
287
24,887
6,251
NA
NA
359
0
49
Excluding anthracite and briquettes
2 Estimated.
Including hard coal and anthracite.
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Bulgaria: Changes in Coal Inventories and Stocks
b/d Oil Equivalent Thousand Metric Tons
Total
Inventories
Total
Other Stocks
Hard Coal and
Anthracite
Brown Coal
and Lignite
Hard Coal and
Anthracite
Brown Coal
and Lignite
1960
540
410
-7
111
32
20
1961
420
550
14
52
49
11
1962
640
600
127
-120
36
45
1963
-4,380
1,080
-372
-134
89
38
1964
3,790
800
237
287
61
38
1965
540
660
- 26
163
65
2
1966
2,500
540
183
140
49
11
1967
2,600
790
161
224
77
4
1968
-4,600
530
-253
-484
51
6
1969
950
990
280
-438
93
14
1970
- 80
0
-277
641
0
0
1971
3,190
120
351
-72
12
0
1972
160
90
- 25
100
6
8
1973
6,660
180
192
1,169
18
0
1974
-6,090
360
-305
-751
36
0
1975
1,110
570
222
-274
53
12
1976
3,040
440
383
-201
39
15
1977
3,450
90
376
-75
3
15
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Production Imports Exports
1960 4,000 240 1,600
1961 4,140 280 2,520
1962 3,980 300 2,320
1963 3,460 9,020 1,600
1964 3.200 36,220 820
1965 4,580 44,000 80
1966 8,080 52,080 490
1967 9,980 56,060 780
1968 9,500 66,200 4,740
1969 6,500 96,140 960
1970 6,680 113,920 2,170
1971 6,100 150,940 0
1972 4,960 165,580 0
1973 3,800 193,040 0
1974 2,880 212,580 0
1975 2,440 209,180 0
1976 2,340 216,780 0
1977 2,580 235,260 0
Imports
Exports
19,500
20
24,990
20
35,060
20
35,990
110
28,450
1,030
29,790
1,770
32,680
5,070
44,710
3,270
55,240
2,890
58,000
3,140
58,320
3,120
51,720
1,450
47,960
1,230
48,130
0
46,640'
0
44,620'
0
46,640'
0
46,640'
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Bulgaria: Natural Gas Production and Trade
1965
3
0
1966
4
0
1967
12
0
1968
18
0
1969
19
0
1970
17
0
1971
12
0
1972
8
0
1973
8
0
1974
6
11
1975
4
42
1976
1
79
1977
NEGL
102'
Production includes associated gas.
' Estimated.
Bulgaria: Primary Electricity
Production and Trade
Hydro
Nuclear
Imports
Exports
1960
1,886
0
28
0
1961
1,800
0
39
0
1962
1,691
0
84
13
1963
2,089
0
91
4
1964
1,471
0
2
26
1965
2,000
0
37
39
1966
2,009
0
44
11
1967
2,022
0
157
59
1968
1,305
0
344
43
1969
1,839
0
287
65
1970
2,152
0
101
315
1971
2,170
0
245
0
1972
2,095
0
994
154
1-923-
2,565
0
3,264
31
1974
2,080
928
4,074
4
1975
2,452
2,254
3,902
353
1976
2,954
4,989
3,943
480
1977
3,529
5,884
4,046
704
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Appendix B
Czechoslovakia: Energy Consumption,
Production, and Trade
Consumption
Consumption data for all energy sources represents
apparent consumption, compiled by adding production
and imports and subtracting exports. Coal inventories
for 1971-77, which appear in Statisticka rocenka
CSSR (Czechoslovak statistical yearbooks), are in-
cluded for information but are not reflected in
consumption.
of crude oil equivalent for all energy sources is
assumed to be 10,010 kcal/kg.
Inventories
The source for changes in coal inventories is coal
balance tables in the Czechoslovak statistical
yearbooks.
Production
The source for coal data for 1960, 1965-77 is
Statisticheskiy yezhegodnik stran chlenov soveta
ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomshchi (CEMA statistical
yearbooks). The source for 1961-64 is the Czechoslo-
vak statistical yearbooks. Coal production data for
1970-77 were converted to barrels per day of crude oil
equivalent by using the tables on per capita production
of coal in standard fuel in the CEMA yearbooks; data
for 1960-69 were estimated from coal production.
The source for oil data is the statistical yearbooks.
Data were converted to barrels per day of crude oil
equivalent by assuming 10,010 kcal/kg heat value for
Czechoslovak crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton. The
source for natural gas data for 1960 and 1965-77 is the
CEMA yearbooks. Data for 1961-64 from World
Energy Supplies 1960-63 Series J, No. 8 and 1963-66
Series J, No. 11, were adjusted to correspond with the
CEMA series. Data were converted to barrels per day
of crude oil equivalent by assuming 7,350 kcal/cubic
meter for natural gas.
The source for hydroelectricity production for 1960
and 1965-77 is the CEMA yearbooks and for 1961-64
the UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy Statistics
for Europe. The source for nuclear power data is the
UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy Statistics for
Europe. Crude oil equivalents for hydroelectric and
nuclear power are based on the average specific
consumption of fuels in conventional thermal power
plants for each year in the UN Annual Bulletin of
Electric Energy Statistics for Europe. The heat value
Trade
The source for hard coal, brown coal, and coke trade is
Czechoslovak Foreign Trade. Coal imports and ex-
ports were converted to crude oil equivalent by
assuming 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal and 6,600
kcal/kg for coke. Exported brown coal was assumed to
have approximately 3,460 kcal/kg in 1960 and to have
declined to 3,100 in 1977. Crude oil equivalent is
measured at a constant 10,010 kcal/kg and 7.3 barrels
per ton.
The source for crude oil imports is Czechoslovak
Foreign Trade. The source for crude oil exports in
1965-70 and oil products imports for 1960, 1965, and
1970-77 is the CEMA yearbooks. Oil product imports
and exports for 1961-64 and 1966-69 were estimated
by extrapolation from the CEMA series and from
disaggregated data in the CEMA yearbooks. Imports
and exports of crude oil and products were converted to
crude oil equivalent by using 10,010 kcal/kg heat
value for crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton and 10,150
kcal/kg for oil products.
The source for natural gas imports for 1965 and 1970-
77 is Czechoslovak Foreign Trade. Data for 1966-69
are from Vneshnaya torgovlya SSSR (Soviet Foreign
Trade) adjusted to correspond with the Czech trade
series. The source for gas exports is the CEMA
yearbooks. Natural gas imports were converted to
crude oil equivalent by assuming 8,190 kcal/cubic
meter for Soviet natural gas from Postroeniye i analiz
energeticheskovo balansa (Construction and Analysis
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of the Energy Balance), A. C. Nekrasov, Yu. V.
Cinyak, and V. A. Yanpol'skiy, Moscow, 1974.
The source for electricity imports and exports is the
electric power balances in the Czechoslovak statistical
yearbooks. Electricity trade was converted to crude oil
equivalent based on the average specific consumption
of fuels in conventional thermal power plants for each
year in the UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy
Statistics for Europe.
1960
798,350
761,480'
101,230
64,360
1961
858,670
806,360'
122,760'
70,450
1962
920,500'
842,940'
151,330'
73,760'
1963
951,300'
865,480'
165,710'
79,890'
1964
988,740'
876,320'
200,590'
88,170
1965
986,120'
864,590'
212,340
90,800
1966
975,310'
856,920'
214,140'
95,750'
1967
969,920'
821,170'
245,710
96,960'
1968
1,005,900'
838,110'
265,900
98,110-
1969
1,077,500'
873,680
311,830'
108,010'
1970
1,136,320
905,720
332,010
101,440
1971
1,200,390
920,770
386,220
106,600
1972
1,212,470
913,300
410,560
111,410
1973
1,243,800
898,030
454,840
109,080
1974
1,278,380
907,890
480,250
109,730
1975
1,300,150
907,300
501,650
108,810
1976
1,364,000
930,990
538,260
105,260
1977
1,456,610
947,780
606,770
97,930
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Czechoslovakia: Consumption of Primary Energy
1960
798,350'
706,820'
52,900
21,190
17,450
1961
858,670'
757,760'
63,260'
20,840
16,800
1962
920,500'
798,420
81,380'
17,690
22,990
1963
951,300'
826,750
89,920'
16,530
18,080
1964
988,740
844,750'
107,410'
15,370
21,190
1965
986,120
817,200'
118,920
14,280
35,730
1966
975,310
800,390'
125,680
15,720
33,510
1967
969,920'
771,150'
146,280'
19,330
33,170
1968
1,005,900'
794,530'
155,410'
25,990
29,990
1969
1,077,500'
827,580'
186,000'
31,940
31,980
1970
1,136,320
847,970
205,690
38,480
44,180
1971
1,200,390
877,360
236,350
43,420
43,260
1972
1,212,470
869,520
256,100
48,300
38,550
1973
1,243,800
849,340
299,430
53,600
41,430
1974
1,278,380
844,490
313,510
67,030
53,350
1975
1,300,150
849,920
326,240
75,550
48,440
1976
1,364,000
875,960
353,340
89,470
45,230
1977
1,456,610
900,010
382,740
132,710
41,150
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
' Estimated.
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1960
761,480'
718,060'
2,740
21,190
19,500
1961
806,360'
763,170'
3,080
20,840
19,270
1962
842,940'
799,220'
3,540
17,690'
22,480
1963
865,480'
828,320'
3,600
16,530'
17,030
1964
876,320'
840,850'
3,900
15,370
16,190
1965
864,590'
816,060'
3,840
14,170
30,510
1966
856,920'
809,370'
3,800
15,720
28,030
1967
821,170'
778,670'
4,000
14,940
23,570
1968
838,110'
798,110'
4,100
16,270
19,630
1969
873,680'
836,560'
4,200
17,400
15,520
1970
905,720
861,050
4,060
17,680
22,940
1971
920,770
882,320
3,880
17,940
16,630
1972
913,300
875,380
3,820
17,080
17,020
1973
898,030
863,410
3,420
15,300
15,900
1974
907,890
863,700
2,980
14,340
26,870
1975
907,300
867,220
2,840
13,640
23,600
1976
930,990
891,750
2,620
14,420
22,210
1977
947,780
904,380
2,460
14,700
26,240
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
' Estimated.
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Czechoslovakia: Imports of Primary Energy
1960
101,230
45,280
54,470
0
1,470
1961
122,760 2
55,350
66,0502
0
1,340
1962
151,330'
62,140
85,8002
0
3,380
1963
165,710'
64,750
97,100 2
0
3,870
1964
200,590 2
72,660
118,110
0
9,800
1965
212,340
64,840
137,610
110
9,780
1966
214,140 2
58,400
147,040 2
0
8,700
1967
245,710 2
60,470
166,9702
4,390
13,870
1968
265,900 2
66,950
175,4402
9,720
13,800
1969
311,830
69,130
208,100 2
14,540
20,060
1970
332,010
67,390
218,000
22,210
24,420
1971
386,220
77,910
250,280
27,160
30,870
1972
410,560
77,930
272,930
32,030
27,660
1973
454,840
74,050
309,170
39,020
32,590
1974
480,250
72,080
320,440
53,290
34,430
1975
501,650
72,140
338,360
62,530
28,620
1976
538,260
72,030
364,230
76,040
25,970
1977
606,770
76,630
391,200
118,560
20,390
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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Czechoslovakia: Exports of Primary Energy
1960
64,360
56,520
4,320
0
3,520
1961
70,4502
60,780
5,8602
0
3,800
1962
73,7602
62,930
7,9402
0
2,880
1963
79,8902
66,300
10,7702
0
2,820
1964
88,170 2
68,760
14,600 2
0
4,810
1965
90,800
63,690
22,550
0
4,560
1966
95,7502
67,360
25,1602
0
3,230
1967
96,9602
68,000
24,6802
0
4,280
1968
98,110 2
70,520
24,1402
0
3,460
1969
108,010 2
78,110
26,3102
0
3,590
1970
101,440
80,470
16,370
1,410
3,190
1971
106,600
82,880
17,800
1,680
4,240
1972
111,410
83,800
20,670
800
6,140
1973
109,080
88,120
13,190
720
7,050
1974
109,730
91,280
9,920
590
7,940
1975
108,810
89,450
14,960
620
3,780
1976
105,260
87,810
13,510
990
2,950
1977
97,930
80,990
10,910
550
5,480
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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Hard Coal
Brown Coal
and Lignite
Hard Coal
Brown Coal
Hard Coal
Coke
Brown
Coal
1960
26,400
57,888
2,402
1,932
2,195
1,317
1,443
1961
26,401
64,879'
3,355
1,569'
2,447
1,370
1,484
1962
26,322
69,033
4,023
1,274'
2,385
1,570
1,546
1963
27,888
72,827
4,346
1,034'
2,333
1,758
1,792
1964
27,958
75,114'
5,044
840'
2,588
1,888
1,410
1965
27,755
72,329
4,538
682
2,378
1,835
1,185
1966
26,864
73,456
4,030
732
2,077
2,297
1,233
1967
26,076
70,760
4,162
787
2,327
2,230
1,168
1968
26,065
74,306
4,623
845
2,420
2,337
1,159
1969
27,213
78,659
4,624
1,187
2,654
2,637
1,248
1970
28,195
81,298
4,569
1,039
2,970
2,500
1,250
1971
28,818
84,162
5,447
868
3,461
2,202
1,232
1972
27,925
84,930
5,535
694
3,310
2,417
1,255
1973
27,779
81,249
5,299
580
3,480
2,573
1,265
1974
27,972
82,165
5,158
546
3,717
2,519
1,391
1975
28,119
86,272
5,188
518
3,666
2,299
1,683
1976
28,266
89,468
5,209
454
3,770
2,105
1,607
1977
27,962
93,236
5,619
318
3,308
2,031
1,654
Czechoslovakia: Changes in
Coal Inventories
b/d Oil
Equivalent
Thousand Metric Tons
Total
Hard Coal
and
Briquettes
Brown Coal,
Lignite, and
Briquettes
1972
657
-4
110
1973
1,552
131
-18
1974
4,181
210
262
1975
2,937
248
1
1976
4,126
225
-232
1977
5,189
374
118
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Production Imports Exports
1960 2,740 45,140 0
1961 3,080 55,700 0
1962 3,540 74,320 0
1963 3,600 84,340 0
1964 3,900 103,960 0
1965 3,840 121,920 2,730
1966 3,800 130,240 2,500
1967 4,000 148,980 740
1968 4,100 156,200 0
1969 4,200 187,500 0
1970 4,060 195,960 940
1971 3,880 230,100 0
1972 3,820 251,420 0
1973 3,420 283,520 0
1974 2,980 293,100 0
1975 2,840 316,780 0
1976 2,620 341,640 0
1977 2,460 366,440 0
Imports
Exports
9,330
4,320
10,350'
5,860'
11,480'
7,940'
12,760'
10,770'
14,150'
14,600'
15,690
19,820
16,800'
22,660'
17,990'
23,940'
19,240 '
24,1401
20,600'
26,310
22,040
15,430
20,180
17,800
21,510
20,670
25,650
13,190
27,340
9,920
21,580
14,960
22,590
13,510
24,760
10,910
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Czechoslovakia: Gas
Production and Trade
Production '
Imports
Exports
Exports of
Manufactured
and Coke Gas
1960
51
0
0
0
1961
50,
0
0
0
1962
43 Z
0
0
0
1963
40 Z
0
0
0
1964
37
0
0
0
1965
34
NEGL
0
0
1966
38
0.
0
0
1967
36
92
0
0
1968
39
21
0
0
1969
42
312
0
0
1970
43
48
3
0
1971
43
59
3
1
1972
41
69
0
4
1973
37
84
0
3
1974
34
115
1
0
1975
33
135
1
0
1976
35
164
2
1
1977
35
256
1
3
Production includes natural and associated gas.
' Estimated.
Czechoslovakia: Primary Electricity
Production and Trade
Hydro
Nuclear
Imports
Exports
1960
2,495
0
187
450
1961
2,509
0
174
496
1962
2,991
0
451
384
1963
2,289
0
520
379
1964
2,710
0
1,378
676
1965
4,430
0
1,427
665
1966
4,234
0
1,316
488
1967
3,714
0
2,187
674
1968
3,134
0
2,206
552
1969
2,496
0
3,224
578
1970
3,670
0
3,905
509
1971
2,684
0
4,982
683
1972
2,810
3
4,573
1,015
1973
2,403
232
5,437
1,177
1974
4,042
486
5,802
1,340
1975
3,816
187
4,852
640
1976
3,331
442
4,412
502
1977
4,375
114
3,488
938
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Appendix C
German Democratic Republic: Energy
Consumption, Production, and Trade
Consumption
Consumption data for all energy sources represent
apparent consumption, compiled by adding production
and imports and substracting exports.
Production
The source for all coal data for 1960 and 1965-77 is
Statisticheskiy yezhegodnik stran chlenov soveta
ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomoshchi (CEMA statisti-
cal yearbooks). The source for 1961-64 is Statistisches
Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
(GDR statistical yearbooks). Coal production data for
1960 and 1965-76 were converted to barrels per day of
crude oil equivalent by using the tables on per capita
production of coal in standard fuel in the CEMA
yearbooks; data for 1961-64 were converted by ex-
trapolation from the CEMA series. Coal production
data from the GDR yearbooks were used to estimate
data for 1977.
The source for oil data is the International Petroleum
Encyclopedia 1978, Petroleum Publishing Company,
Tulsa, Oklahoma. Data were converted to barrels per
day of crude oil equivalent by assuming 10,010
kcal/kg heat value for GDR crude oil and 7.3 barrels
per ton. The source for natural gas data for 1960 and
1963-66 is the GDR statistical yearbooks, for 1969-76
the UN Statistical Yearbook, and for 1977 the UN
Annual Bulletin of Gas Statistics for Europe. Data for
1961, 1962, 1967, and 1968 were estimated by
extrapolation from the GDR yearbook series. Data
were converted to barrels per day of crude oil
equivalent by assuming 5,130 kcal/cubic meter of
natural gas in 1960-69, 3,960 kcal/cubic meter in
1970, and a decline to 3,120 kcal/cubic meter in 1977.
GDR natural gas has very low calorific value because
of its high nitrogen content.
The source for hydroelectricity production for 1960
and 1965-77 is the CEMA statistical yearbooks and
for 1961-64 the GDR statistical yearbooks. The source
for nuclear power data is the UN Annual Bulletin of
Electric Energy Statistics for Europe. Crude oil
equivalents for hydroelectric and nuclear power are
based on the average specific consumption of fuels in
conventional thermal power plants for each year in the
UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy Statistics for
Europe. The heat value of crude oil equivalent for all
energy sources is assumed to be 10,010 kcal/kg.
Trade
The source of imports of hard coal, coke, and brown
coal for 1960-67 and exports of briquettes is the GDR
statistical yearbooks. The source for imports of brown
coal in 1968-77 and exports of hard coal is Rocznik
Statystyczny Handlu Zagranicznego (Polish Foreign
Trade). Coal imports were converted to crude oil
equivalent by assuming 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal,
7,000 kcal/kg for coke, and 2,170 kcal/kg for brown
coal. Briquette exports were converted at 4,200
kcal/kg and hard coal exports at 6,650 kcal/kg. Crude
oil equivalent is measured at a constant 10,010 kcal/kg
and 7.3 barrels per ton.
The source for crude oil imports is the GDR statistical
yearbooks. Data on oil products imports and exports
for 1960, 1965, and 1970-77 are from the CEMA
statistical yearbooks. Imports and exports of oil
products for 1961-64 and 1966-69 were estimated
from disaggregated data in the CEMA statistical year-
books. Imports and exports of crude oil and products
were converted to crude oil equivalent by using 10,010
kcal/kg heat value for crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton
and 10,150 kcal/kg for oil products.
The source for natural gas imports for 1970-77 is the
CEMA statistical yearbooks. The source for manufac-
tured gas imports and exports is the GDR statistical
yearbooks. Natural gas imports were converted to
crude oil equivalent by assuming 8,190 kcal/cubic
meter for Soviet natural gas from Postroeniye i analiz
energeticheskovo balansa (Construction and Analysis
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of Energy Balance), A. C. Nekrasov, Yu. V. Cinyak,
and V. A. Yanpol'skiy, Moscow, 1974. Imports and
exports of manufactured gas were converted to crude
oil equivalent by assuming 3,430 kcal/kg from the UN
Annual Bulletin of Gas Statistics for Europe.
The source for electricity imports and exports is the
electric power balances in GDR statistical yearbooks.
Electricity trade was converted to crude oil equivalent
based on the average specific consumption of fuels in
conventional thermal power plants for each year in the
UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy Statistics for
Europe.
1960
1,166,350
1,027,220
221,270
82,140
1961
1,224,660
1,077,550'
232,980'
85,870
1962
1,285,690
1,120,400'
249,540'
84,260
1963
1,326,460
1,150,590'
266,390'
90,510
1964
1,379,330
1,160,680'
310,350'
91,710
1965
1,331,930
1,113,200
311,090
92,360
1966
1,365,130
1,124,840
325,4701
85,170
1967
1,324,250
1,086,500
307,650'
69,910
1968
1,345,670
1,108,060
310,200'
72,590
1969
1,424,170
1,144,070
343,060'
62,960
1970
1,491,100
1,172,430
386,870
68,200
1971
1,529,590
1,188,360
394,250
53,020
1972
1,540,670
1,138,170
478,140
75,640
1973
1,553,710
1,105,470
522,140
73,890
1974
1,572,450
1,113,330
547,640
88,520
1975
1,586,100
1,125,830
545,440
85,170
1976
1,624,990
1,143,190
561,540
79,730
1977
1,685,840
1,170,500'
596,570
81,230
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GDR: Consumption of Primary Energy
1960
1,166,350
1,130,750
32,460
1,090
2,040
1961
1,224,660
1,184,350
36,500
1,130'
2,670
1962
1,285,690
1,237,690
43,190
1,230'
3,580
1963
1,326,460
1,268,440
52,290'
1,400
4,340
1964
1,379,330
1,300,860
72,000'
1,330
5,130
1965
1,331,930
1,243,410
80,950
1,470
6,100
1966
1,365,130
1,254,770
100,870'
1,500
8,000
1967
1,324,250
1,203,140
110,220'
2,060'
8,820
1968
1,345,670
1,195,750
135,540'
2,950'
11,430
1969
1,424,170
1,239,390
164,180'
4,270
16,340
1970
1,491,100
1,282,680
183,300
10,630
14,490
1971
1,529,590
1,292,440
202,990
19,830
14,320
1972
1,540,670
1,229,350
261,730
32,220
17,360
1973
1,553,710
1,203,140
275,540
56,420
18,620
1974
1,572,450
1,175,930
272,910
94,480
29,130
1975
1,586,100
1,172,740
286,310
97,850
29,200
1976
1,624,990
1,159,950
314,760
108,600
41,690
1977
1,685,840
1,190,790
340,600
111,040
43,410
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Estimated.
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1960
1,027,220
1,020,700
1,000
270
5,240
1961
1,077,550'
1,070,350
1,000
520'
5,680
1962
1,120,400'
1,113,560'
1,000
7703
5,060
1963
1,150,590'
1,144,200'
1,000
1,040
4,350
1964
1,160,680'
1,154,540'
1,000
1,100
4,030
1965
1,113,200
1,105,170
1,000
1,360
5,660
1966
1,124,840
1,114,400
1,000
1,190
8,240
1967
1,086,500
1,074,400
1,000
1,960'
9,130
1968
1,108,060
1,093,420
1,000
2,730'
10,900
1969
1,144,070
1,127,970
1,000
3,510
11,580
1970
1,172,430
1,149,930
1,000
9,750
11,750
1971
1,188,360
1,157,340
1,000
18,810
11,200
1972
1,138,170
1,094,120
1,000
32,320
10,710
1973
1,105,470
1,050,350
1,000
43,710
10,410
1974
1,113,330
1,041,960
1,000
48,200
22,170
1975
1,125,830
1,054,540
1,000
45,330
24,950
1976
1,143,190
1,048,670
1,000
53,750
39,760
1977
1,170,500'
1,076,220'
1,000
53,020
40,250
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
' Estimated.
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GDR: Imports of Primary Energy
1960
221,270
167,410
52,120
850
880
1961
232,9802
171,050
57,570 2
640
3,720
1962
249,540 2
184,480
63,990 2
500
570
1963
266,3902
187,830
75,4302
410
2,730
1964
310,350 2
208,250
97,3702
320
4,410
1965
311,090
193,290
114,010
250
3,540
1966
325,470 2
189,090
131,090 1,0902
450
4,840
1967
307,650 2
166,430
135,540 2
250
5,430
1968
310,200 2
139,440
163,790 2
450
6,520
1969
343,060 2
144,900
187,230 2
980
9,960
1970
386,870
168,390
208,890
1,150
8,430
1971
394,250
162,800
222,070
1,200
8,180
1972
478,140
160,700
307,980
40
9,410
1973
522,140
175,660
322,890
12,840
10,760
1974
547,640
159,300
330,880
46,490
10,960
1975
545,440
141,120
342,950
52,780
8,590
1976
561,540
134,400
363,200
54,980
8,960
1977
596,570
137,200
384,720
58,110
16,560
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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GDR: Exports of Primary Energy
1960
82,140
57,360
20,670
30
4,080
1961
85,870
57,050
22,0702
30
6,730
1962
84,260
60,350
21,800 2
40
2,060
1963
90,510
63,590
24,140 2
40
2,740
1964
91,710
61,930
26,380 2
100
3,300
1965
92,360
55,050
34,070
140
3,100
1966
85,170
48,730
31,230 2
140
5,080
1967
69,910
37,700
26,3202
150
5,730
1968
72,590
37,120
29,2602
220
5,990
1969
62,960
33,480
24,0602
220
5,200
1970
68,200
35,640
26,600
270
5,690
1971
53,020
27,700
20,080
180
5,060
1972
75,640
25,470
47,260
140
2,770
1973
73,890
22,870
48,350
130
2,540
1974
88,520
25,330
58,980
210
4,000
1975
85,170
22,920
57,650
270
4,340
1976
79,730
23,130
49,440
130
7,040
1977
81,230
22,630
45,100
100
13,400
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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GDR: Coal Production and Trade
Hard Coal
Brown Coal
and Lignite
Hard Coal
Coke
Brown Coal
Briquettes
Hard Coal
1960
2,721
225,465
8,135
2,527
5,531
6,339
317
1961
2,671
236,926
7,936
2,843
5,952
6,324
304
1962
2,575
246,992
8,881
2,966
5,727
6,717
300
1963
2,483
254,219
8,849
3,230
5,787
7,095
302
1964
2,340
256,926
10,411
3,309
5,449
6,921
293
1965
2,212
250,839
9,464
3,205
5,218
6,087
301
1966
1,987
249,040
9,179
3,232
5,066
5,329
299
1967
1,789
242,027
8,274
2,879
3,732
4,015
300
1968
1,579
247,113
6,284
2,843
4,002
3,957
299
1969
1,334
254,553
6,750
2,777
4,040
3,509
299
1970
1,049
261,482
8,192
3,123
3,928
3,786
293
1971
857
262,814
7,973
3,045
3,561
2,760
337
1972
815
248,416
7,601
3,077
4,106
2,486
348
1973
753
246,245
8,341
3,199
4,968
2,255
300
1974
594
243,468
7,200
3,042
5,198
2,551
296
1975
539
246,706
6,440
2,971
3,434
2,286
283
1976
457
246,897
6,096
2,927
3,078
2,287
299
1977
349
253,705
6,058
3,065
3,387
2,243
282
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Table C-7
GDR: Oil Production and Trade
b/d
Crude Oil
Oil Products
Production Imports
Imports Exports
1960
1
000
38
820
13
300
670
20
,
,
,
,
1961
1,000
45,400
11,890'
22,070'
1962
1,000
51,820
12,170'
21,800
1963
1,000
63,260
12,170
24,140
1964
1,000
85,200
12,170'
26,380'
1965
1,000
102,640
11,370
34,070
1966
1,000
128,800
2,290 '
31,230 '
1967
1,000
132,800
2,740
26,320'
1968
1,000
160,780
3,010 '
29,260'
1969
1,000
185,440
1,790'
24,060'
1970
1,000
206,680
2,210
26,600
1971
1,000
218,380
3,690
20,080
1972
1,000
297,160
10,820
47,260
1973
1,000
320,900
1,990
48,350
1974
1,000
328,680
2,200
58,980
1975
1,000
339,940
3,010
57,650
1976
1,000
360,720
2,480
49,440
Table C-8
GDR: Gas Production
and Trade
Production
of Natural
Trade
Gas
Imports of
Natural
Imports of Exports of
Manufactured Manufactured
Gas
Gas
Gas
1960
1
0
4
NEGL
1961
2'
0
3
NEGL
1962
3'
0
3
NEGL
1963
4
0
2
NEGL
1964
4
0
2
1965
5
0
1
1
1966
4
0
2
1
1967
7'
0
1
1
1968
91
0
2
I
1969
12
0
5
1
1970
44
NEGL
6
1
1971
101
2
2
1972
179
NEGL
NEGL
1
1973
248
28
NEGL
1974
273
100
0
1975
257
114
0
1
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GDR: Primary Electricity
Production and Trade
1960
617
0
103
481
1961
676
0
443
802
1962
611
0
69
248
1963
547
0
343
345
1964
536
0
586
439
1965
785
0
490
430
1966
1,050
156
708
742
1967
1,060
324
821
868
1968
1,197
420
966
888
1969
1,244
450
1,456
761
1970
1,251
464
1,230
830
1971
1,251
404
1,208
748
1972
1,224
385
1,415
416
1973
1,260
351
1,665
394
1974
1,339
2,183
1,742
635
1975
1,270
2,740
1,380
697
1976
1,175
5,271
1,453
1,140
1977
1,249
5,205
2,654
2,148
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Appendix D
Hungary: Energy Consumption,
Production, and Trade
Consumption
Consumption data for all energy sources represents
apparent consumption, compiled by adding production
and imports and subtracting exports.
Production
The source for coal data is Statisztikai evkonyv
(Hungarian statistical yearbooks). Coal production
data for 1960 and 1965-77 were converted to barrels
per day of crude oil equivalent by using the tables on
per capita production of coal in standard fuel in
Statisticheskiy yezhegodnik stran chlenov soveta
ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomoshchi (CEMA statisti-
cal yearbooks). Data for 1961-64 were estimated from
coal production. The source for oil and gas data is the
Hungarian statistical yearbooks; data were converted
to barrels per day of crude oil equivalent by assuming
10,010 kcal/kg heat value for Hungarian crude oil and
7.3 barrels per ton and 8,050 kcal/cubic meter for
natural gas.
The source for hydroelectricity production for 1960,
1965, and 1970-77 is the CEMA yearbooks and for
1961-64 the UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy
Statistics for Europe. Crude oil equivalents for hydro-
electric power are based on the average specific
consumption of fuels in conventional thermal power
plants for each year in the UN Annual Bulletin. The
heat value of crude oil equivalent for all energy sources
is assumed to be 10,010 kcal/kg.
Trade
The source for imports of hard coal, anthracite, and
briquettes for 1960-70 is the Hungarian statistical
yearbooks. The source for 1971-77 is Kulkereskedelmi
statisztikai evkonyv (Hungarian Foreign Trade). The
source for exports of briquettes for 1965 and 1969-70 is
the Hungarian statistical yearbooks and for 1971-77
the Hungarian trade books. The source for exports of
brown coal for 1960 and 1965-70 is the Hungarian
statistical yearbooks and for 1971-77 Hungarian
Foreign Trade. Data for exports of brown coal for
1961-64 were extrapolated from the Hungarian
yearbook series. The source for imports and exports of
coke for 1960-70 is the Hungarian statistical
yearbooks and for 1971-77 the Hungarian Foreign
Trade.
Coal imports were converted to crude oil equivalent by
assuming 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal and coke, 6,790
for foundry coke, and 4,690 for briquettes. Exported
brown coal was assumed to have 3,424 kcal/kg in 1960
and to have declined to 3,118 kcal/kg in 1977.
Exported briquettes were converted at 4,690 kcal/kg.
Crude oil equivalent is measured at a constant 10,010
kcal/kg and 7.3 barrels per ton.
The source for oil imports is the Hungarian statistical
yearbooks. The source for crude oil exports for 1960
and 1965-77 is the CEMA statistical yearbooks. Data
for 1961-64 were extrapolated from the CEMA series.
The source for oil products imports and exports for
1960, 1965 and 1970-77 is the CEMA statistical
yearbooks. Oil products imports for 1961-64 and
1966-69 were estimated from disaggregated data in
the Hungarian statistical yearbooks. Imports and
exports of crude oil and products were converted to
crude oil equivalent by using 10,010 kcal/kg heat
value for crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton and 10,150
kcal/kg for oil products.
The source for natural gas imports is the Hungarian
statistical yearbooks. Natural gas imports were con-
verted to crude oil equivalent by assuming 8,190
kcal/cubic meter for Soviet natural gas from
Postroeniye i analiz energeticheskovo balansa
(Construction and Analysis of the Energy Balance),
A. C. Nekrasov, Yu. V. Ciryak, and V. A. Yanpol'skiy,
Moscow, 1974.
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The source for electricity imports and exports for
1960-68 is the UN Annual Bulletin and for 1969-77
the electric power balances in the Hungarian statistical
yearbooks. Electricity trade was converted to crude oil
equivalent based on the average specific consumption
of fuels in conventional thermal power plants for each
year in the UN Annual Bulletin.
Hungary: Energy Balance
1960
269,740
207,380
77,230
14,870
1961
289,450'
220,710'
84,310'
15,570
1962
293,200'
226,350'
86,340'
19,480-
1963
339,580
242,770'
114,200'
17,380'
1964
363,860
250,430'
132,530'
19,100-
1965
360,480
254,110
125,500
19,130
1966
362,290'
254,540
139,180
31,430'
1967
351,090
245,940
134,900
29,750'
1968
374,490
262,250
144,290'
32,060-
1969
389,450'
266,700
162,880'
40,130
1970
431,370
277,130
183,680
29,440
1971
451,020
272,590
197,850
19,410
1972
443,960
263,680
214,980
34,700
1973
474,960
276,360
229,590
30,990
1974
489,440
275,760
235,790
22,110
1975
509,290
269,730
277,550
38,000
1976
533,750
285,550
288,680
40,490
1977
549,050
292,500
296,550
40,000
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1960
269,740
214,320
41,420
8,820
5,160
1961
289,450
227,640
48,380
8,870
4,590
1962
293,200
227,920
51,190
9,120
4,980
1963
339,580
252,740'
65,710
13,500
7,640
1964
363,860
265,720'
73,000
16,600
8,530
1965
360,480
254,170
75,090
21,400
9,830
1966
362,290
246,500
75,280
28,540
11,950
1967
351,090
220,640'
80,230
36,480
13,730
1968
374,490
223,000'
89,320
46,800
15,360
1969
389,450
217,580
100,350
55,610
15,920
1970
431,370
228,910
120,960
59,370
22,130
1971
451,020
220,640
139,440
63,300
27,620
1972
443,960
198,960
147,560
69,680
27,740
1973
474,960
196,570
168,310
81,120
28,940
1974
489,440
191,850
183,650
85,620
28,340
1975
509,290
187,230
200,460
96,840
24,760
1976
533,750
185,180
206,250
117,900
24,420
1977
549,050
185,130
211,650
126,320
25,940
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
z Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
' Estimated.
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1960
207,380
176,780
24,340
5,500
770
1961
220,710
185,720'
29,140
5,220
640
1962
226,350
187,440'
32,820
5,470
620
1963
242,770
197,190'
35,140
9,830
600
1964
250,430
201,270
36,020
12,610
530
1965
254,110
199,690
36,060
17,820
540
1966
254,540
194,760
34,120
24,960
700
1967
245,940
178,760
33,720
32,900
570
1968
262,250
182,310
36,140
43,220
590
1969
266,700
178,980
35,080
52,030
610
1970
277,130
182,040
38,740
55,790
560
1971
272,590
173,290
39,100
59,590
600
1972
263,680
157,360
39,540
66,110
670
1973
276,360
158,450
39,780
77,540
600
1974
275,760
153,300
39,940
82,040
480
1975
269,730
145,340
40,120
83,340
920
1976
285,550
143,940
42,840
97,830
930
1977
292,500
141,510
43,820
106,340
830
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Estimated.
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Hungary: Imports of Primary Energy
1960
77,230
38,020
31,470
3,330
4,410
1961
84,310
42,4702
34,0002
3,650
4,200
1962
86,340
41,1402
36,9302
3,650
4,630
1963
114,200
56,4202
46,4602
3,660
7,650
1964
132,530
65,7102
54,2502
3,990
8,590
1965
125,500
56,450
55,480
3,580
9,990
1966
139,180
53,930
69,3702
3,580
12,290
1967
134,900
44,340
73,370 2
3,580
13,610
1968
144,290
43,550
79,140 2
3,580
18,010
1969
162,880
41,860
91,9102
3,580
25,520
1970
183,680
47,580
106,730
3,580
25,790
1971
197,850
48,090
114,250
3,710
31,790
1972
214,980
42,900
135,800
3,570
32,710
1973
229,590
39,820
151,340
3,580
34,850
1974
235,790
40,140
157,660
3,580
34,420
1975
277,550
42,880
187,640
13,500
33,540
1976
288,680
41,800
194,970
20,070
31,830
1977
296,550
44,170
201,820
20,000
30,560
' Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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Hungary: Exports of Primary Energy
1960
14,870
480
14,390
10
1961
15,570
5501
14,770 2
240
1962
19,480
660 2
18,560 2
270
1963
17,380
870 2
15,900 2
600
1964
19,100
1,260 2
17,270 2
570
1965
19,130
1,980
16,450
700
1966
31,430
2,1702
28,2102
1,050
1967
29,750
2,4502
26,8602
430
1968
32,060
2,8602
25,9602
3,240
1969
40,130
3,2602
26,6402
10,220
1970
29,440
710
24,510
4,210
1971
19,410
730
13,910
4,770
1972
34,700
1,300
27,760
5,640
1973
30,990
1,700
22,800
6,500
1974
22,110
1,600
13,950
6,560
1975
38,000
990
27,300
9,710
1976
40,490
570
31,570
8,350
1977
40,000
550
33,980
5,450
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
2 Estimated.
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Hard Coal
Brown Coal
Lignite
Hard Coal and
Anthracite
Coke
Briquettes
Coke
Brown Coal
Briquettes
1960
2,847
19,447
4,230
1,430
1,074
428
4
63
0
1961
3,071
20,388
4,717
1,725
1,025 '
558
7
67
0
1962
3,341
20,648
4,662
1,712
1,029'
430
14
70
0
1963
3,710
21,933
4,836
2,690
1,145
500
28
73
0
1964
4,125
22,363
5,060
3,280
1,205
565
56
76
0
1965
4,362
22,190
4,885
2,662
1,122
578
105
79
5
1966
4,360
21,563
4,425
2,384
1,258
503
122
73
5
1967
4,053
19,591
3,385
1,742
1,169
521
141
76
6'
1968
4,242
19,881
3,090
1,661
1,211
491
180
61
7 '
1969
4,133
19,396
2,969
1,703
1,188
283
160
155
8'
1970
4,151
19,008
4,671
1,986
1,216
446
1
91
8
1971
3,941
17,757
5,726
1,911
1,270
532
0
105
3
1972
3,671
15,534
6,636
1,660
1,193
441
58
77
1
1973
3,410
15,463
7,908
1,470
1,171
416
80
62
25
1974
3,209
15,281
7,271
1,430
1,164
518
43
68
63
1975
3,021
14,963
6,904
1,438
1,331
554
8
96
30
1976
2,934
14,779
7,544
1,297
1,417
515
5
55
16
1977
2,925
14,433
8,096
1,524
1,329
573
10
56
7
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Hungary: Oil Production and Trade
1960 24,340 29,120 680
1961 29,140 28,240 1,020'
1962 32,820 30,800 1,360'
1963 35,140 36,560 1,700'
1964 36,020 40,520 2,040'
1965 36,060 45,020 2,420
1966 34,120 58,220 9,540
1967 33,720 59,120 3,380
1968 36,140 64,400 0
1969 35,080 75,280 2,260
1970 38,740 86,980 5,840
1971 39,100 97,840 3,760
1972 39,540 121,300 14,100
1973 39,780 131,100 9,820
1974 39,940 136,340 4,080
1975 40,120 168,620 16,660
1976 42,840 175,700 19,720
1977 43,820 170,760 16,460
Production Imports Exports Imports Exports
2,350
13,710
5,760'
13,750-
6,130'
17,200'
9,900'
14,200'
13,730'
15,230-
10,460
14,030
11,150'
18,6701
14,250'
23,480'
14,740'
25,960'
16,630'
24,380
19,750
18,670
16,410
10,150
14,500
13,660
20,240
12,980
21,320
9,870
19,020
10,640
19,270
11,850
31,060
17,520
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Hungary: Natural Gas
Production and Trade
Billion Cubic Feet
Table D-9 Million kWh
Hungary: Primary Electricity Production and Trade
1960 12
7
Hydro Imports Exports
1961 11
7
1960 94 537 1
1962 12
7
1961 80 528 30
1963 22
7
1962 80 597 35
1964 28
8
1963 79 1,010 80
1965 39
7
1964 71 1,159 78
1966 55
7
1965 75 1,392 97
1967 72
7
1966 100 1,740 148
1968 95
7
1967 82 1,968 63
1969 114
7
1968 89 2,734 492
1970 123
7
1969 96 4,002 1,602
1971 131
7
1970 88 4,058 663
1972 145
7
1971 96 5,112 767
1973 170
7
1972 108 5,304 914
1974 180
7
1973 99 5,732 1,070
1975 183
29
1974 80 5,756 1,097
1976 215
43
1975 160 5,802 1,678
1977 233
43
1976 163 5,578 1,462
' Production includes associated gas.
1977 148 5,408 965
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Appendix E
Poland: Energy Consumption,
Production, and Trade
Consumption
Consumption data for all energy sources represents
apparent consumption, compiled by adding production
and imports and subtracting exports. Coal inventories,
which appear in Rocznik Statystyczny (Polish statisti-
cal yearbooks), are included for information but are
not reflected in consumption.
Production
The source for coal data for 1960, 1965, and 1970-77 is
Statisticheskiy yezhegodnik stran chlenov soveta
ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomoshchi (CEMA year-
books). The source for 1961-64 is the Polish statistical
yearbooks. Coal production data for 1970-75 were
converted to barrels per day of crude oil equivalent by
using the tables on per capita production of coal in
standard fuel in the CEMA yearbooks. Data for 1960-69
and 1976-77 were estimated from coal production.
The source for oil, natural gas, and coal mine gas is the
Polish statistical yearbooks. Data were converted to
barrels per day of crude oil equivalent by assuming
10,010 kcal/ kg heat value for Polish crude oil and 7.3
barrels per ton. Data for natural gas were converted by
assuming 8,750 kcal/cubic meter in 1960 and a decline
to 8,260 kcal/cubic meter in 1977. Coal mine gas was
converted at 8,960 kcal/cubic meter.
The source for hydroelectricity production for 1960
and 1965-77 is the CEMA yearbooks and for 1961-64
electric power balances in the Polish statistical
yearbooks. Crude oil equivalents for hydroelectric
power are based on the average specific consumption of
fuels in conventional thermal power plants for each
year in the UN Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy
Statistics for Europe. The heat value of crude oil
equivalent for all energy sources is assumed to be
10,010 kcal/kg.
Inventories
The source for changes in coal inventories is the coal
balance tables in the Polish statistical yearbooks.
Trade
The source for imports and exports of all coal is
Rocznik Statystyczny Handlu Zagranicznego (Polish
Foreign Trade books).
Coal imports and exports were converted to crude oil
equivalent by assuming 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal,
6,600 kcal/kg for coke, 7,000 kcal/kg for anthracite,
2,000 kcal/kg for brown coal, 3,250 kcal/kg for brown
coal and briquettes, and 4,500 kcal/kg for briquettes.
Crude oil equivalent is measured at a constant 10,010
kcal/kg and 7.3 barrels per ton.
The source for crude oil imports and oil product
imports and exports is Polish Foreign Trade. Imports
and exports of crude oil and products were converted to
crude oil equivalent by using 10,010 kcal/kg heat
value for crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton and 10,150
kcal/kg for oil products.
The source for natural gas imports is Polish Foreign
Trade. Imports of coke gas for 1960-77, exports of
coke gas for 1960-72, and imports and exports of
liquefied gas for 1960-70 from Polish Foreign Trade
were too small to be listed in physical units but their
heat content was taken into account in calculating
consumption. Natural gas imports were converted to
crude oil equivalent by assuming 8,190 kcal/cubic
meter for Soviet natural gas from Postroeniye i analiz
energeticheskovo balansa (Construction and Analysis
of the Energy Balance), A. C. Nekrasov, Yu. V.
Cinyak, and V. A. Yanpol'skiy, Moscow, 1974. Coke
gas was converted at 3,990 kcal/cubic meter and
liquefied gas at 11,900 kcal per ton.
The source for electricity imports and exports is the
electric power balances in Polish statistical yearbooks.
Electricity trade was converted to crude oil equivalent
based on the average specific consumption of fuels in
conventional thermal power plants for each year in the
UN Annual Bulletin.
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b/d Oil Equivalent
Table E-2
b/d Oil Equivalent
Poland: Energy Balance
Poland: Consumption of
Primary Energy
Consumption
Production
Imports
Exports
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
1960
1,049,550'
1,278,150'
74,170
302,770
1960
1,049,550'
979,060'
49,960
13,350
7,180
1961
1,103,340'
1,317,380'
88,800
302,840
1961
1,103,340'
1,019,980'
59,490
17,090
6,800
1962
1,152,310'
1,360,920'
102,950
311,570
1962
1,152,310'
1,060,940'
67,210
18,860
5,300
1963
1,225,730'
1,417,650'
119,230
311,130
1963
1,225,730'
1,121,330'
78,080
21,970
4,350
1964
1,277,060'
1,493,200'
124,740
340,870
1964
1,277,060'
1,162,560'
87,310
26,130
1,060
1965
1,300,200'
1,531,050
142,480
373,330
1965
1,300,200'
1,171,750'
95,860
29,830
2,760
1966
1,349,800'
1,577,440
151,100
378,740
1966
1,349,800'
1,198,060'
111,900
34,990
4,850
1967
1,382,500'
1,602,190'
174,180
393,890
1967
1,382,500'
1,203,930'
125,790
44,820
7,960
1968
1,453,670'
1,687,650'
206,340
440,320
1968
1,453,670'
1,243,080'
142,670
59,700
8,220
1969
1,559,990'
1,791,510'
220,520
452,040
1969
1,559,990'
1,318,000'
153,210
82,500
6,280
1970
1,652,520
1,894,920
231,940
474,350
1970
1,652,520
1,366,070
171,090
103,980
11,380
1971
1,717,690
1,942,670
258,760
483,750
1971
1,717,690
1,401,890
190,070
115,000
10,730
1972
1,809,820
2,044,780
295,610
530,560
1972
1,809,820
1,464,320
213,340
122,300
9,860
1973
1,892,150
2,132,980
340,170
581,010
1973
1,892,150
1,496,700
266,070
128,820
560
1974
1,888,770
2,196,720
333,470
641,430
1974
1,888,770
1,500,070
259,990
130,350
-1,640
1975
2,078,350
2,294,120
398,870
614,640
1975
2,078,350
1,619,900
308,250
140,120
10,080
1976
2,182,150
2,383,830
438,590
640,260
1976
2,182,150
1,696,800
321,950
152,600
10,800
1977
2,319,430
2,479,090
472,440
632,080
1977
2,319,430
1,781,160
359,090
166,100
13,080
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
' Estimated.
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b/d Oil Equivalent
Table E-4
Poland: Imports of
Primary Energy
b/d Oil Equivalent
1960
74,170
14,730
50,570
3,950
4,920
1961
88,800
16,920
59,520
4,460
7,920
1962
102,950
18,800
71,180
4,770
8,200
1963
119,230
22,330
85,800
5,070
6,030
1964
124,740
21,480
93,570
4,990
4,710
1965
142,480
20,710
109,910
6,230
5,640
1966
151,100
19,530
114,430
11,530
5,620
1967
174,180
17,990
130,440
18,170
7,590
1968
206,340
18,030
163,050
16,380
8,880
1969
220,520
16,760
178,800
16,290
8,670
1970
231,940
17,050
189,240
16,490
9,150
1971
258,760
17,380
203,860
24,380
13,150
1972
295,610
15,900
241,350
24,580
13,760
1973
340,170
15,900
285,240
28,020
11,010
1974
333,470
16,400
272,860
34,690
9,510
1975
398,870
15,070
329,660
41,120
13,020
1976
438,590
15,050
367,120
41,770
14,640
1977
472,440
14,940
395,530
45,210
16,760
Poland: Production of
Primary Energy
1960
1,278,1503
1,259,7503
3,880
9,590
4,930
1961
1,317,3803
1,295,9703
4,060
12,790
4,560
1962
1,360,9203
1,337,1203
4,040
14,270
5,490
1963
1,417,6503
1,391,6903
4,240
17,020
4,700
1964
1,493,200 3
1,461,6803
5,640
21,250
4,630
1965
1,531,0503
1,495,0603
6,780
23,710
5,490
1966
1,577,4403
1,540,1803
8,000
23,610
5,650
1967
1,602, 1903
1,560,3303
9,000
26,850
6,010
1968
1,687,6503
1,628,2903
9,500
43,590
6,270
1969
1,791,510 3
1,710,7503
8,780
66,620
5,360
1970
1,894,920
1,787,790
8,480
87,600
11,060
1971
1,942,670
1,832,950
7,900
90,690
11,140
1972
2,044,780
1,929,050
6,940
97,740
11,050
1973
2,132,980
2,014,210
7,840
100,800
10,140
1974
2,196,720
2,076,580
11,000
95,660
13,490
1975
2,294,120
2,171,220
11,060
99,000
12,850
1976
2,383,830
2,252,520
9,100
110,840
11,380
1977
2,479,090
2,338,000
7,280
120,890
12,910
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
: Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity. 3 Including natural, coke, and liquefied petroleum gases.
Estimated.
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Poland: Exports of
Primary Energy
1960
302,770
295,410
4,490
190
2,670
1961
302,840
292,910
4,080
170
5,680
1962
311,570
294,980
8,010
180
8,390
1963
311,130
292,680
11,960
130
6,380
1964
340,870
320,600
11,880
110
8,280
1965
373,330
344,030
20,830
100
8,360
1966
378,740
361,660
10,520
120
6,420
1967
393,890
374,390
13,640
210
5,640
1968
440,320
403,240
29,870
270
6,920
1969
452,040
409,510
34,370
410
7,750
1970
474,350
438,770
26,640
120
8,820
1971
483,750
448,450
21,680
70
13,570
1972
530,560
480,630
34,940
30
14,950
1973
581,010
533,410
27,010
0
20,590
1974
641,430
592,920
23,870
0
24,640
1975
614,640
566,380
32,470
0
15,790
1976
640,260
570,770
54,270
0
15,220
1977
632,080
571,780
43,720
0
16,590
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including natural, coke, and liquefied petroleum gases.
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Poland: Coal Production
and Trade
Hard Coal
Brown Coal
and Lignite
Hard Coal
Anthracite
Coke
Brown Coal
and Briquettes
Hard Coal
Coke
Brown Coal
and Briquettes
1960
104,438
9,327
766
20
112
409
17,497
2,086
5,455
1961
107,000
10,300
910
20
53
592
17,053
2,139
5,872
1962
110,000
11,100
1,042
20
103
510
17,306
2,145
5,660
1963
113,000
15,300
1,233
19
175
520
16,892
2,352
5,736
1964
117,000
20,300
1,279
20
9
631
19,268
2,249
5,381
1965
118,831
22,626
1,210
35
0
637
21,045
2,324
5,199
1966
121,979
24,508
1,141
23
71
480
22,407
2,358
5,060
1967
123,881
23,922
1,213
30
0
223
24,029
2,355
3,706
1968
128,634
26,878
1,256
33
0
136
26,002
2,410
4,002
1969
135,010
30,865
1,088
25
0
301
26,374
2,324
4,381
1970
140,101
32,766
1,096
34
0
310
28,816
2,284
3,972
1971
145,491
34,517
1,264
38
0
6
30,301
2,398
3,561
1972
150,697
38,221
1,157
37
0
2
32,687
2,269
4,106
1973
156,630
39,215
1,165
30
0
0
35,857
2,780
5,022
1974
162,002
39,826
1,203
30
0
0
40,093
2,992
5,199
1975
171,625
39,865
1,096
36
0
0
38,479
3,137
3,442
1976
179,303
39,305
1,080
50
0
0
38,944
3,110
3,084
1977
186,120
40,760
1,080
42
0
0
39,317
2,718
3,387
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Poland: Changes in
Coal Inventories
b/d Oil
Thousand Metric Tons
Equivalent
Total
Hard Coal
Brown Coal
1960
-3,480
-304
18
1961
-800
70
7
1962
-940
- 69
- 30
1963
-1,540
-137
19
1964
730
51
30
1965
5,020
423
5
1966
17,710
1,502
-14
1967
3,150
269
-7
1968
-13,440
-1,138
2
1969
-3,550
302
3
1970
-9,180
-765
- 30
1971
13,890
1,180
35
1972
18,870
1,615
- 47
1973
28,840
2,433
-2
1974
-37,360
-3,156
-1
1975
760
65
- 1
1976
-2,560
-220
2
1977
9,940
852
3
Crude Oil
Oil Products
Production
Imports
Imports Exports
1960
3,880
14,280
36,290
4,490
1961
4,060
14,800
44,720
4,080
1962
4,040
22,040
49,140
8,010
1963
4,240
28,320
57,480
11,960
1964
5,640
34,160
59,410
11,880
1965
6,780
64,320
45,590
20,830
1966
8,000
66,940
47,490
10,520
1967
9,000
72,160
58,280
13,640
1968
9,500
111,640
51,410
29,870
1969
8,780
130,200
48,600
34,370
1970
8,480
140,220
49,020
26,640
1971
7,900
157,880
45,980
21,680
1972
6,940
194,060
47,290
34,940
1973
7,840
222,800
62,440
27,010
1974
11,000
211,640
61,220
23,870
1975
11,060
266,120
63,540
32,470
1976
9,100
301,900
65,220
54,270
1977
7,280
328,080
67,450
43,720
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Table E-9
Poland: Natural Gas
Production and Trade
Billion Cubic Feet
1960
19
9
1961
26
10
1962
29
10
1963
34
11
1964
44
10
1965
48
13
1966
49
25
1967
56
39
1968
91
35
1969
139
35
1970
183
35
1971
190
53
1972
206
53
1973
213
60
1974
203
75
1975
211
89
1976
237
90
1977
257
97
' Production includes associated and coal mine gases.
Table E-10
Poland: Primary Electricity
Production and Trade
Hydro
Imports
Exports
1960
659
659
357
1961
618
1,074
770
1962
773
1,154
1,180
1963
668
856
906
1964
726
739
1,297
1965
913
937
1,391
1966
929
924
1,055
1967
994
1,256
934
1968
1,055
1,469
1,145
1969
908
1,470
1,312
1970
1,887
1,560
1,505
1971
1,920
2,266
2,339
1972
1,935
2,410
2,619
1973
1,853
2,011
3,765
1974
2,459
1,734
4,491
1975
2,379
2,411
2,924
1976
2,104
2,707
2,814
1977
2,397
3,111
3,081
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Appendix F
Romania: Energy Consumption,
Production, and Trade
Consumption
Consumption data for all energy sources represents
apparent consumption, compiled by adding production
and imports and subtracting exports.
Production
The source for hard coal for 1960 and 1965-70 is
Statisticheskiy yezhegodnik stran chlenov soveta
ekonomicheskoy vzaimopomoshchi (CEMA statisti-
cal yearbooks). Production for 1961-64 and 1977 was
estimated from data in Anuarul Statistic al Republicii
Socialiste Romania (Romanian statistical yearbooks)
adjusted to correspond with the CEMA series. The
source for brown coal and lignite is the Romanian
statistical yearbooks. Coal production data for 1960
and 1965-76 were converted to barrels per day of crude
oil equivalent by using the tables on per capita
production of coal in standard fuel in the CEMA
yearbooks. Data for 1961-64 and 1977 were estimated
from coal production in the Romanian statistical
yearbooks.
The source for oil data is the Romanian statistical
yearbooks. Data were converted to barrels per day of
crude oil equivalent by assuming 10,500 kcal/kg heat
value for Romanian crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton.
The source for natural gas for 1960 and 1965-77 is the
CEMA statistical yearbooks. For 1961-64, data from
the Romanian statistical yearbooks were adjusted to
correspond with the CEMA series. Data were con-
verted to barrels per day of crude oil equivalent by
assuming 9,590 kcal/cubic meter for natural gas.
Trade
The source for imports of hard coal and metallurgical
coke is the Romanian statistical yearbooks. Coal
imports were converted to crude oil equivalent by
assuming 6,650 kcal/kg for hard coal and 6,930
kcal/kg for metallurgical coke. Crude oil equivalent is
measured at a constant 10,010 kcal/kg and 7.3 barrels
per ton.
The source for crude oil imports and oil product
exports is the Romanian statistical yearbooks. Imports
and exports of crude oil and products were converted to
crude oil equivalent by using 10,010 kcal/kg heat
value for crude oil and 7.3 barrels per ton and 10,150
kcal/kg for oil products.
The source for natural gas exports is the Romanian
statistical yearbooks. Natural gas exports were con-
verted to crude oil equivalent by assuming 8,960
kcal/cubic meter for Romanian natural gas.
The source for electricity imports and exports is the
electric power balances in the Romanian statistical
yearbooks. Electricity trade was converted to crude oil
equivalent based on the average specific consumption
of fuels in conventional thermal power plants for each
year in the UN Annual Bulletin.
The source for hydroelectricity production is the
Romanian statistical yearbooks. Crude oil equivalents
for hydroelectric power are based on average specific
consumption of fuels in conventional thermal power
plants for each year in the UN Annual Bulletin of
Electric Energy Statistics for Europe. The heat value
of crude oil equivalent for all energy sources is
assumed to be 10,010 kcal/kg.
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Table F-1
Romania: Energy Balance
b/d Oil Equivalent
1960
375,730
486,770
14,620
125,650
1961
387,8501
504,100-
12,500
128,760
1962
448,900'
553,430'
19,920
124,450
1963
487,790'
589,570'
22,100
123,870
1964
511,050'
619,290
23,320
131,550
1965
564,760
666,170
23,780
125,190
1966
601,180
701,720
27,330
127,870
1967
648,110
753,620
25,620
131,130
1968
690,390
788,170
31,120
128,900
1969
762,640
845,440
37,580
120,380
1970
843,790
878,700
89,090
124,000
1971
901,100
927,150
101,040
127,080
1972
952,080
972,310
103,960
124,180
1973
1,031, 290
1,008,990
143,080
120,780
1974
1,044,150
1,038,960
154,780
149,600
1975
1,125,340
1,096,250
171,200
142,110
1976
1,219,410
1,145,090
246,350
172,030
1977
1,244,040'
1,133,440'
259,260
148,660
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Romania: Consumption of Primary Energy
1960
375,730
66,100
119,460
187,570
2,590
1961
387,850'
68,120
118,150
198,670'
2,900
1962
448,900'
81,020
128,350
235,330'
4,190
1963
487,790'
87,260
136,570
260,590'
3,380
1964
511,050
92,480
132,850
282,150'
3,580
1965
564,760
97,590
145,540
317,790
3,840
1966
601,180
106,240
151,230
342,180
1,510
1967
648,110
114,200
160,060
376,880
-3,050
1968
690,390
129,520
165,270
398,970
-3,380
1969
762,640
151,600
174,430
438,880
-2,280
1970
843,790
168,320
217,550
456,070
1,850
1971
901,100
169,780
238,060
487,020
6,250
1972
952,080
177,190
250,820
505,160
18,900
1973
1,031,290
197,200
282,680
533,100
18,290
1974
1,044,150
204,610
262,880
549,140
27,530
1975
1,125,340
213,780
282,530
601,420
27,610
1976
1,219,410
215,110
318,850
656,220
29,210
1977
1,244,040'
218,880
347,500
637,140
40,520
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
' Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Estimated.
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1960
486,770
51,490
241,260
191,230
2,790
1961
504,100'
55,620
242,980
202,340'
3,160
1962
553,4303
61,100
248,900
239,010'
4,410
1963
589,570'
65,270
256,640
264,250'
3,400
1964
619,290
69,850
260,040
285,850'
3,560
1965
666,170
75,330
263,730
321,380
5,720
1966
701,720
81,370
269,060
345,780
5,500
1967
753,620
88,580
277,050
380,480
7,510
1968
788,170
98,410
278,710
403,060
7,980
1969
845,440
114,180
277,890
442,480
10,900
1970
878,700
125,180
280,640
459,660
13,210
1971
927,150
126,200
289,370
490,600
20,950
1972
972,310
132,620
296,390
508,750
34,540
1973
1,008,990
138,130
299,730
536,600
34,530
1974
1,038,960
144,110
303,900
552,820
38,120
1975
1,096,250
146,500
306,080
604,910
38,750
1976
1,145,090
141,270
308,390
659,820
35,600
1977
1,133,440'
144,150'
307,340
640,780
41,160
Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
: Including hydro and nuclear power and net imports of electricity.
Estimated.
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Table F-4
Romania: Imports of
Primary Energy
b/d Oil Equivalent
1960
14,620
14,610
0
0
1961
12,500
12,500
0
0
1962
19,920
19,920
0
0
1963
22,100
21,980
0
120
1964
23,320
22,630
0
690
1965
23,780
22,260
0
1,510
1966
27,330
24,870
0
2,460
1967
25,620
25,620
0
0
1968
31,120
31,110
0
0
1969
37,580
37,430
0
150
1970
89,090
43,140
45,820
130
1971
101,040
43,580
57,160
300
1972
103,960
44,570
57,460
1,930
1973
143,080
59,070
82,860
1,150
1974
154,780
60,500
90,760
3,520
1975
171,200
67,280
101,700
2,240
1976
246,350
73,840
169,500
3,010
1977
259,260
74,720
176,880
7,650
Table F-5
Romania: Exports of
Primary Energy
1960
125,650
121,800
3,660
200
1961
128,760
124,830
3,660
260
1962
124,450
120,540
3,670
220
1963
123,870
120,070
3,660
140
1964
131,550
127,190
3,690
660
1965
125,190
118,200
3,590
3,400
1966
127,870
117,830
3,590
6,450
1967
131,130
116,990
3,590
10,560
1968
128,900
113,440
4,090
11,360
1969
120,380
103,450
3,590
13,330
1970
124,000
108,910
3,590
11,500
1971
127,080
108,470
3,590
15,010
1972
124,180
103,030
3,590
17,570
1973
120,780
99,900
3,500
17,390
1974
149,600
131,780
3,690
14,130
1975
142,110
125,240
3,490
13,390
1976
172,030
159,040
3,600
9,400
1977
148,660
136,720
3,640
8,290
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Hard Coal Brown Coal Lignite
1960 3,405 510 2,853
1961 3,764 5261 3,004
1962 4,090 558 3,416
1963 4,357 530 3,757
1964 4,518 541 4,323
1965 4,658 569 5,064
1966 4,822 604 6,045
1967 5,112 623 7,230
1968 5,458 655 8,690
1969 5,863 662 10,451
1970 6,402 668 13,461
1971 6,793 621 13,187
1972 6,612 609 15,938
1973 7,172 622 17,057
1974 7,109 648 19,141
1975 7,320 616 19,155
1976 7,110 567 18,164
1977 7,061 599 19,028
Hard Coal
Metallurgical Coke
416
656
441
480
750
719
698
918
718
946
706
930
723
1,102
793
1,089
706
1,570
633
2,096
728
2,417
743
2,435
754
2,496
1,356
2,965
1,872
2,573
2,420
2,537
2,623
2,816
3,440
2,096
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/12 : CIA-RDPO8SO1350R000100130003-0
b/d Oil Equivalent
Table F-8
Romania: Natural Gas
Production and Trade
Billion Cubic Feet
Production
Imports
Exports
1960
352
7
1960
241,260
0
121,800
1961
373'
7
1961
242,980
0
124,830
1962
441'
7
1962
248,900
0
120,540
1963
487'
7
1963
256,640
0
120,070
1964
527'
7
1964
260,040
0
127,190
1965
592
7
1965
263,730
0
118,200
1966
637
7
1966
269,060
0
117,830
1967
701
7
1967
277,050
0
116,990
1968
743
8
1968
278,710
0
113,440
1969
816
7
1969
277,890
0
103,450
1970
847
7
1970
280,640
45,820
108,910
1971
904
7
1971
289,370
57,160
108,470
1972
938
7
1972
296,390
57,460
103,030
1973
989
7
1973
299,730
82,860
99,900
1974
1,019
7
1974
303,900
90,760
131,780
1975
1,115
7
1975
306,080
101,700
125,240
1976
1,216
7
1976
308,390
169,500
159,040
1977
1
181
7
,
1977
307,340
176,880
136,720
' Production includes ass
i
t
d
oc
a
e
gas.
' Estimated.
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Romania: Primary Electricity
Production and Trade
Hydro
Imports
Exports
1960
397
0
28
1961
466
0
39
1962
652
0
33
1963
537
18
22
1964
585
113
109
1965
1,005
265
596
1966
1,035
462
1,213
1967
1,476
0
2,076
1968
1,562
0
2,223
1969
2,217
30
2,711
1970
2,773
28
2,413
1971
4,495
64
3,219
1972
7,343
411
3,736
1973
7,547
251
3,799
1974
8,476
785
3,140
1975
8,711
502
3,007
1976
8,107
684
2,140
1977
9,343
1,738
1,883
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