NII 160 DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY AND PLANT FOR ELECTRONIC TUBES AT FRYAZINO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R013100350007-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 30, 2003
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: February 6, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
25X1
CLASSIFICATION SECRET
INFORMATION REPORT REPORT NO.
25X1
CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR (Moscow Oblast)
DATE DISTR. 6 February 1953
SUBJECT NII 160 Development Laboratory and Plant for
NO; OF PAGES 9
Electronic Tubes at Fryazino
DATE OF
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NO. OF ENCLS. 5 (of 2.4
INFO.
(LISTED BELOW)
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pages)
PLACE
SUPPLEMENT TO
ACQUIRED
25X1
REPORT NO.
TNIS DOCUMENT 'CONTAINS 'INFORMATION AFFECTING INC NATIONAL DERINSID
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MCANINBOF TITLE 11, SECTIONS 79)
AND 794, OF TNE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED., ITS TRANSMISSION OR RITE.'
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT DY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON II
PRONIIITER SY LAW. THE. mgrAmoloot OF:THIS FORM 79 PRORIBITED,
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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1. The development laboratory and production plant for receiver tubes in Moscow/.
Yryazino (55-58g#38-04E) was designattd Institute 160 and was known as Radio-
lampalay local residents. It was subordinated to the Ministry of Communica-
tions Equipment Industry. From Moscow the institute oould be reached by rail
via Ivanteyevka ($3-58N,37-56E) and Bolshevo. In 19413 the single-traok rail-
road. line, Ivanteyevka Pryazino, was electrified and a passenger railroad
station was being constructed south of the institute.1
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22.1.aI_EAklam
Institute 160 was set up after the war in buildings which were constructed
before the war for a wire drawing mill. The first equipment for the institute
arrived from a plant in Novosibirsk which, according to a Soviet statement,
was evacuated there during the war, Many installations were marked Svetlana.2
The population of Fryazino grew with the development of the institute. There
were 800 to 1,000 children of school age in Fryazino? which originally was to
be named Radiogorsk.
3, When Dr. Steimelos group arrived in Fryazino, another group of 25 Germans
was already there. This other group came from the Fernseh A.G. (Television Inc.),
which was evacuated to Tannwald, Czechoslovakia,during the war. Twenty-one
members of this group were transferred to Leningrad in 1948. A total of 400
to 500 Germans, including dependents, lived in a section of the block just
south of the institute and in the Suvokhov Sanatorium about three kilometers
east of Fryazino.
Organizational Setup
4. For a sketch of the plant layout see Attachment No 3. During the period
reported on, two new buildings were constructed, one two-story building for
the magnetron department which was completed in 1950 and one for the com-
25X1 puting department. the tube plant very seldom and remembered
only one large assembly shop, 60 to 80 meters x 30 to 40 meters, where women
were working at long lines of assembly tables. The laboratories were equipped
with many modern machines of American origin. The installations were supple-
mented by dismantled machinery from the Telefunken Plant in Liegnitz, from an
? evacuated Lorenz Plant, and from the Tungsram Plants in Budapest.
believed that almost the entire installation of the Liegnitz Telefunken Plant
was shipped to Fryazino. The institute equipment was about equal in quality
and quantity to the ones of German development laboratories. A technical
school designated Vakuum Tekhnikum was located in the Fryazino school building.
There were 100 to 200 students being trained at this school,which was to be
moved into the German quarters and into a new building in the area of the in-
stitute after the departure of the Germans.
5. The power supplied to the institute was not sufficient. On account of the
overburdened power system, the load of 220 V dropped to 190 V. The German
experts subsequently had to construct special voltage stabilizing devices.
As the power supplied to the plant was too low, the power was switched off
between 1700 and 2000 hours during the winter months. The municipal power net
was also constantly overloaded.
Activities at the Institute
6, The German scientists arrived in 1946. In late 1947 Goltsoy (Thu) was assigned
as a director of the institute. He increased its capacity rapidly, so that
by 1949, it was declared an Institute First Class: and the salaries of the
employees were raised. The waste-to-finished-preducts ratio was gradually
reduced from 85 percent to 30 percent by 1950.
7. In the beginning the Soviets had no plans for the employment of the German
experts, who were, therefore, allowed to set up their own work program for 1946
and 1947. The plans were generally accepted by the Soviets. After Goltsov
took over, the German engineers were informed monthly of their work program.
The group as a whole was no longer charged with research projects, but its
scientists were individually assigned to various laboratories where they were
given strictly outlined work orders in their special fields. Beginning in
1949 German engineers were withdrawn from the development, and in 1950 they no
longer knew anything about new projects and developments.
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8. In 1947 Dr. Karl Steimel established a tube construction program based on
American principles for the construction of tubes suitable for Soviet require-
ments. Like all similar projects) it was forwarded to the ministry in Moscow.
While working in the tube test field,source got the impression that some of
Dr. Steimells suggestions were accepted. By the end of 1950 Dr. Steimel re-
ceived permission to concentrate all of his efforts on his own scientific
research program in the field of regulating devices. Since that time,he has
not been called to contribute at the institute.
Magnetron Tubes
9. The department for the production of magnetron and transmitter tubes comprised
two laboratories, one under the direction of Zuzmanovskiy and the other under
Feodosiyev. Admittance was by special identity card only. American and
Japanese magnetron tubes were duplicated and manufactured in the laboratory.
It was learned from conversations with Soviets and the department for radio
physics that impulse (pulsed) magnetron tubes for the three-centimeter and ten-
centimeter bands have been produced in quantity since 1948.
10. In Match 1950 the institute received those parts of three radar sets which
are required for the operation, of magnetron tubes. These parts included
modulators, permanent magnets, and main connection units. Two of these sets
were given to the magnetron department to test the magnetron tubes, and the
other set was given to the theoretical department for experiments with the.
25X1 frequency stabilization. Being an :expert in was consulted
when the sets were first put into operation. . as duplications
of the American SCR 584 type antiaircraft radar set. . The 'designation plates
were in Russian,. and there were no type plates or any other indications as to
the origin of the radar sets. The.copy was so close to the originals that
American connectiOn diagrams could be used.
11. The department for radio physics produced all 'computing instruments required
by the institute, including those for thetwo types of magnetrons. Voltmeters
for the three-and ten-centimeter waves were worked on in the laboratory under
Dr. Werner Vogi (Fogy). Development activities at this laboratory were dis-
continued after Dr. Vogi was arrested in 1949. High-capacity impulse measuring
devices for the 'testing of magnetron and other tubes at the institute were
constructed in a special laboratory. Magnetron tubes with a wave length of
less than three centimeters were being developed but not produced by the end
of 1950.
12. The laboratory for tran'Smitter tubes had four pumping stands in operation
25X1 which' 'facilitated the production of 'eight tubes per day.
There is no information available on the laboratory fors--filled tubes.
Klystron Tubes and Detectors
13. Research in the field of klystron tubes, possible only in connection with
the development of oscillator circuits and instruments, was started in late
1947 or in early 1948. The American broad band receivers for the three-and ten?
'centimeter bands were used as models for the development. Dr. Hans Topper,
Graduate Engineers Eitel Fritz Spiegel and Horst Gerlach, and technician
Walter Ewald worked in the klystron and detector department on the development
of receiver sets. Bolometers were constructed for measuring purposes. En-
gineer Willi Siems, an industrial engineer without exceptional qualifications
in this special field, was charged with the technological problems arising from
the construction of klystron. tubes. The reassignment of Dr. Hans Rosenstein
from the theoretical department to the calculation of cavity resonators
indicated that the Soviets did not concentrate on copying American type devices
but attempted a development of their own in this field. The klystron depart-
25X1 ment frequently had to work overtime.
25X1 an effort was made to develop tubes
centimeters.
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14. A new laboratory for the development and construction of detectors was in-
stalled in 1948. Dr. Emil Schloemilchs an expert from Gorkiy Karpovka9 was
called to the institute, The department constructed detectors for centimeter
receivers similar to American Sylvania dctectors. J did not know any
about activities in the field of germanium detectors. The rate of pro-,
duction at the department was roughly estimated at 100 to 200 units per day.
By the end of 1950 the production was to be transferred from the institute to
the plant. The completed'detectors were sent to the klystron department to
be tested with the receivers available there.
Television
15, Department 1309 for the development of television tubes, was set up shortly
after the arrival of Dr. Steimel and his scientists. Its equipment included
dismantled machinery from the Fernseh AG in Berlin, instruments from the
Oberspreewerk, and the archives of the Telefunken Plant, Laboratories 131 and
135 were completely installed during 1947. Zhutak (fnu), the Soviet chief of
Department 130, sought the advice of Werner Kluge during the early period.
16. Television tubes were developed in Laboratory 131. An iconoscope was already
developed by 1948 and has been produced since at a monthly rate of production
of 25 units with a waste-to-finished-product ratio of 90 percent. The next
project being worked on was a super-iconoscope which had been produced in
quantity by the Fernseh AG in Berlin during the war. This super-icOnoscope was
redeveloped in every detail and made ready for production. The final study on
the tube was completed in mid-1950. The inconoscope was given no type.designa-
tion but merely a work number.' The radio plant prepared for the production of
these super-iconoscopes. The glass bulb had a diameter and a length of
about 200 mm. The tube was provided with a standard photographic cathode,
and only a few.sapples were constructed with infrared sensible cathodes. The
laboratory was in contact with a roup of German television engineers from the
Siemens Plant in Arnstadt who worked in the Svetlana Plant in Leningrad under
Dr. Alfred Schiller, a physicist, on the development of super-iconoscopes.
Engineers from the. Fryazino institute returning from a visit with the group in
Leningrad stated that the super-iconoscope developed there was much smaller
and was provided with an infrared cathode. Preliminary research for the con-
struction of an American image orthicon, procured from the United States, was
started in 1949. The model tube had a length of about 400 mm and a diameter
ofsbout 70 mm. According to the research plans, the project was started with
the systematical clearing of all technological problems in 1950. An experi-
mental tube which slightly deviated'from the original model operated satisfac-
torily by the end of 1950, and pictures were shown in the testing installation.
In 1951 it was planned to reduce the length of the tube to 200 to 250 mm and
the diameterito 30 mm to 40 mm. The number of lines was to be reduced from
625 to 300 or 380.3
17. Oscillograph tubes and picture receiver tubes were developed in Laboratory
132. The development was based on British oscillograph tubes of the types
AOR-1, ACR-2, ACR-l0, and on.models of the VCR series. By 1947 construction
was possible. In 1948 the tubes were further developed to television tubes
with screen diameters of seven inches, nine inches, and twelve inches. The
developments reached the status of US developments, as indicated by magazine
atticlei. The waste to finished products ratio during the period the models
were produced amounted from 30 to 35 percent. In 1949, the plant started
mass production of the small to medium series of such television and oscillo-
graph tubes. It was estimated that a daily production' quota of 50 television
tubes would be possible. There were also projector tubes with a screen dia-
meter of three and four inches for 30 kV developed at Laboratory 132 during
1949. These tubes were rarely improved and had not gone into production in
1950. The development of high-capacity oscillographs with a particularly high
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recording speed. speed was not finished by the end of 1950. The construction of five
such units was planned.
18. US Blauschriftroehren (dark ray tubes) were reconstructed in Laboratory 133.
Dr, Juergen Rottgardt, who had successfully redeveloped these US tubes during
the war at the Oberspree Plant, was in charge of the project. The development
was completed in 1949,with the tube having reached the status described in
American technical publications of 1948. During 1950 the tubes were merely
measured for theoretical purposes, and,although they were frequently demon-
strated during inspections at the institute, the tube was not prepated for .
production during the time covered by this report. Dr. Rottgardt was not in
charge of a new project.
19. Computing instruments and testing equipment required by the department for
television tubes were manufactured in Laboratory 134.
20, Laboratory 135 developed illuminating agents (C/R tube phosphors). Require-
ments for such agents first arose in late 1946 when the construction of
oscillograph tubes was started. ,Dr. of Physics Fritz Michels successfully
tried to produce the required agents on the basis of formulas published in
technical magazines. Equipment for the production of illuminating agents
arrived in 1947 from the Siemens Plant in Arnstadt. Dr. Nikolaus Riehl,
Dr. Henry Ortmann, and Dr. Tiede (fnu) were consulted by the institute for this
production between late 1947 and .September 1948.. The experts arrived daily
at about 1000 hours by car and left the plant at about 1600 hours. It is not
known ,where they lived. In 1948 Grigoryev, the Soviet chief of Laboratory
1359 returned from a visit to Germany and stated that a group of scientists
from the plant for illuminating agents in Steinbach/Thuringia would arrive
25X1 soon.4 However91 'this group
under Dr, Kamm (fnu) had escaped to the West. A project by Dr. kamm on the
establishment of plants for the production of illuminating agents was among the
25X1 records available at Laboratory 135. I this project was
not carried out in the suggested way. Illuminating agents produced at the
plant of NII 160 included zinc-cadmium sulfides and selenides of high qualities.
Silicates, however, were not Produced. The monthly production quota was about
five kg, about two of which were used in the plant. About three kg were given
to Plant No. 632 in Moscow. During the summer of 1948 Gugol, a Soviet expert
for illuminating material, frequently visited NII 160. Gugol had allegedly
developed very good illuminating agents at a Moscow institute. It was stated
at a later date that this institute was closed.
21. There were no Germans employed at Laboratory 136, the so-called secret de-
partment. In 1950 the laboratory was established by Astrin (fnu), chief of
Laboratory 133. As a large amount of measuring equipment and other instru-
ments were purchased by this laboratory, it was believed that large funds were
available. Nothing could be learned about the activities of Laboratory 136.
Possibly the graphicon, a special type of memory tube,was to be developed
there. Astrin worked on a study of the graphicon created by Dr Rottgardt in
1949. After the establishment of Laboratory 136, there was nothing mentioned
to Dr. Rottgardt about an eventual development of this tube during 1950.
22. Receiver tubes were tested in the measuring department; which was well
equipped with 20 tube test stands, measuring bridges, voltmeters for tubes,
and oscillographs. About 90 Soviet engineers and women were employed in this
department. Personnel in the test field for the life time tests of tubes
worked in accordance with American testing procedures. At a test field, tubes
from NII 160 and from other plants were tested, and the Soviets stated that it
was to test tubes produced in the entire USSR. A climatic test field was
provided for tests at temperature between 6000 above zero to 5000 below zero
with 0 to .100 percent .of moisture, A special laboratory was established
for the production and maintenance of all instruments at the measuring de-
partment. There were no instruments available for the testing of tubes under
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high accelerations. Defective tubes Were checked at a department for mechani-
cal measurements which was equipped with microscopes0 remembered the
following details of the Soviet tube development program: NII 160 manufactured
the following listed US type glass bulb tubes: 61159 6G79 6Sh79 6109 6A109
6K7, and 61,7. Metal tubes, such as 6A10 type tubes, were manufactured in the
Svetlana Plant in Ieningrad,which also produced Soviet 12Sh1 type tubes
similar to-RV12P2000 tubes. Tubes designated 641,10 arrived from an unknown
plant to be tested at the institute. In the line of small tubes, the most
used types of midget tubes were manufactured at Institute 160. 6AG5 tubes
were mass produced in 19479 and the production of 6AK5 tubes was started in
1950. Since 1948,the plant has also been producing large quantities of DID
duodiodes, which had a bulb diameter of about eight mm, a length of 15 to 20 mm,
and pinched bases five or six mm long., Source never observed Soviet tubes
of the old series which were designated with letters such as WO, UT, UK UB,
SO, and SB. Tubes of the G series produced included the 0411 and G412..)
LW-Power Transmitter Tubes
23. Low-power transmitter tubes of thetypes 08079 G8379 G1625, and 2P29 were
developed -in the department for receiver tubes and produced in the plant.
After two years of research the tubes finally could be produced, possibly by
:early 1949. Transmitter tubes with a power of more than 100 W were never
tested at the test field for receiver tubes.
Electrometer Tubes
24. Smaller quantities of electrometer tubes were continuously produced since
1947 for the measuring of currents between 10 and 12 A. Because of a study
published in a British magazine, ,source nad to find out whether standard tubes
could be used as electrometer tubes. Experiments revealed that individual
types, such as the 2P29, were provided with a very well insulated grid.
Main Rectifiers
25. The following main rectifiers were produced at Plant 160: 5U4, 5Z49 and 6Z5.
6X5 tubes, delivered from an unknown plant, failed, due to defective cathodes,
when first subjected to life endurance tests.
Miscellaneous
26. Duplications of German noise diodes, manufactured at the Svetlana Plant,
Were tested at the institute. The construction of ceramic tubes was not
observed.
Technological and Supply Problems
27. Barium oxide-qathodes for receiver tubes Were often unevenly sprayed and
unclean, a fact which caused failures in the production. A Soviet group
was charged with the development of cathodes for impulse (pulse) tubes since
1946. Dr. of Chemiatry Hans (Kurt?) Richter, who was frequently consulted
as an expert for technological problems connected with development', stated
that the activities of this group wee considerably accelerated during 1949
and 1950 In the beginning the production of grids met with difficulties in
regard to the gilding of the completed grids. These difficulties were eliminated
by galvanizing the wires before winding the grids. Until the appearance of
Soviet material in 1949, most of the material requirements were filled from
captured German stocks. The supply of nickel was a bottleneck, as the metal
was not pure and contained too much zinc.
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Department oliaw
28. Special machines for the production of tubes were developed and constructed
at the OKBM department. Palme-(fnu),, a very skilled technician, was working
in the Construction offiCe. ACcording to Soviet statements, OKBM was a central
development workshop for the entire USSR.
,
Glass Workv
29. On,a German stggestion a glass plant was established at the institute to
cover the requirements ofglass,bulbs. Gerhard Riedel and two assistants
from the glass works in Zaprudnyas, located north of Moscow, were called to
'Fryazino to,help,on the establishmeat of the glass plant. Riedel stated that
thiS:glasaplant is. a very small installation.
Library
30. There, was a large and very.well organized library available at the institute.
The library, about 12 x 15 meters, was filled with book shelves and equipped
with an excellent index. Books not available could easily be procured from
Moscow., In addition to Soviet technical literature, there were many German and
AmeriCan,technical,books,including directives for the construction of tubes,
published by the RCA, dating up to 1945. These are well known as the so-called
blue.books. These,blue books Tare given to the USSR as a part of the lend-lease
25X1 program.' la 25-volume work on wartime develop-
ment' in the United States which was published in 1948 and was translated into
Russian: All important foreign technical magazines were usually available at
the institute two months'after'they had been published. The equivalent Soviet
literature was mot available. 'Especially important studies in foreign magazines
which were translated into Russian included a study by Schneider on radar,
published in Proceedings of the IRE, 1946 edition, pages 525 to 578.
25X1
Personnel,Working at the Institute
31. FOr.batabulation oftbe leading personnel at NII 160,see Attachment No 5.
? Moat of the. 'Soviet engineers .working in the scientific field were 40 to 46
years of age and had Come to Fryazino after World War II. Many engineers
proudly stated that they belonged to the Leningrad School. In early 1947
there were 153 German experts at the institute. In December 1950 there were
187 Germans at the institute, about 100 of whom were released by the end of
? December190., In 1950 the total work force of the'plant was estimated by
source I.t.o be 2,500 to 3,000, and by source II to be 4,000, including 70
percent women .: Ever singe 1546 the work force Was constantly increa::=Iat
it became difficult to provide 'housing for all laborers. 25X1
that there Were work Places for twice as many personnel at the plant. Work
was done in one eight-hour shift, including Sundays. Only some workshops,
such as the glass plant and the boiler shop, worked three shifts.
32. The laboratory departments were set up similar to Department 130, which
.comprised about one-sixth of the plant area and employed about 100 Soviets
25X1 in 1950. estimated that a total of about 600 Soviets worked in the
development laboratories.
33. Many .students frOM technical high schools in Moscow received their practical
training in the plant and, for a Short period, in the laboratories. Once
a year students' from the Vakuum Tekhnikum came to the plant for practical
training. Three to five engineers and three to five technicians from institutes
of technology worked at Department 130. Every year about 75 percent of these
individuals were women.
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Various Tube Tube Plants and Institutes
34, In 1946 Dr. Steimel suggested that one expert for radar equipment be attached
to a radar institute in Moscow which allegedly was operated by Admiral Aksel
Ivanovich Berg,a former Tsarist officer. However, this suggestion was not
approved by the ministry in Moscow.
25X1 35. I 'assigned to Plant No 632 in Moscow
to advise three capable boviess enginearm how to get the production of telovies
sion tubes and oscillograph tubes started. Plant No 632 was located on
Elektrozavodskaya Ulitsa in the eastern part of Moscow. The plant had pre-
viously produced. light bulbs. In 1947 it was reequipped with dismantled
machinery for the production of radio picture tubes from the former Telefunken
Plant in Liegnitz and Waa converted for the production of small oscillograph
tubes. During source's assignment, the plant produced tubes of the LB 0 type
which were used by the Luftwaffe 'for radar equipment. The monthly production
quota ranged between 1,000 and 5,000 units, There was serious lack of skilled
workers at the plant. Source learned from a female Soviet chemist that illum-
inating agents, still being supplied by NII 160, were to be produced in the
plant. Silicate illuminating agents were already being produced there.
25X1
36. A decimeter set for 12 transmission channels was developed at NII 20 in
Moscow. Dr. Karl Steimel, Dr. Werner Vogi, and Graduate Engineer Wilhelm
Grimm from NII 160 were consulted by the Moscow institute in 1947. It was
the belief of these experts that the project was successfully completed after
25X1 a short period. 1 'German decimeter sets of the Michael type in
various Moscow barracks. Such a set was also used at NII 160 to maintain
telephone communication with Moscow until the wire connection was completed.
37. It was known at NII 160 that Dr. Engineer Werner Buschbeck and ten assistants
were transferred from Monino to Moscow in 1950, where they lived in isolation.
38. Various American types of receiver tubes, manufactured at a tube plant in
Novosibirsk, were tested in Fryazino. Dr. Hans (Kurt?) Richter, who once
was sent to Novosibirsk to eliminate production failures, stated that he had
worked in a laboratory similar to the ones in Fryazincaand that he did not
enter the production shops. Colonel Katzmann (fnu), whom the Moscow ministry
had sent to visit the Oberspreewerk in 1945 and 1946, was said to be director
of this plant.
39.
Zuzmanovskiy and other Soviets frequently spoke about a tube plant in
Tashkent; however, tubes produced by this plant were never seen.6
40. Seebode (fnu) frequently visited a plant located at the Moscow-Leningrad
railroad line on the Volga River. He stated that this plant was still far
behind the status of the Fryazino Institute.
41. A group of engineers from the siemens Plant in Arnstadt and from the Fernseh
AG worked in Leningrad in the Svetlana Plant. German chief of the group was
Dr. Alfred Schiller. His staff included Dr. Engineer Werner Guenther, Chief.
Engineer Johann Guenther, Dr. Ernst Zschau,.Dr. Engineer Werner Hoffmann,
Graduate Engineer Herbert Matzke, and Legler. Graduate Engineer Gerhard Zimmer
from the former Leuchtstoff Plant was also a member of this group.
leomments:
1. See Attachment No 1 for a sketch of the railroad connection Mescow-Fryazino
and Attachment No 2 for a location sketch of NII 160.
2. In August 1941 the Leningrad Radio Kombinat No. 208 Komintern was partially
evacuated to Novosibirsk, and the Svetlana Radio Tube Factory No.211 was
transferred to the Ural Mountains during 1941. The first equipment for the
radio plant in Fryazino was probably taken from the stocks of these two plants.
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3. This low number of lines indicated that the image orthicon was developed for
military Purposes rather than for television sets.
The Steinbach plant was subordinated to the Soviet-owned Siemens Plant in
Arn tadt.
The type designation letters were transliterated from Russian.
6.- A tube plant in Tashkent has been confirmed by shipping tickets which also
gave data for 2 K 2 M tubes.
Attachments;
1. Railroad connections in the Fryazino area.
2. Location sketch of NII 160.
3. Layout sketch of NII 160.
4. Organizational structure of NII 160.
5. List of personalities at NII 160,
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Location Sketch of Fryazino
Ivanteyevka
To Franevo
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Attachment 1
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Attachment 2
1/4
La ut Sketch of NII-160
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'Attachment 2
?2?
Isund for Attachment No. 2
A. NII-1605, about 800 x 1O00 meters.
B. New passenger railroad station.
C. Freight station with gravel mill.
. D. Sawmill.
E. SoViet prison camp with about 100 inmates.
F. Hospital
G. Culture building seven stories.
H. School
I. Settlement with wooden houses,
J. Military motor pool.
K. Suvokhov sanatorium.
L. Temporary settlement.
M. High-tension power line.
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Plant 1.m-out of NII-160 in Frrazio
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Legend
25X1 1. Zavod; the dimensions were given as 250 x 50 m
20 to 25 x 200 m by Source II.
Attachment 3
Page 2
a. Three-story section.
b. Four-story section.
2. Institute building, about 25 x 100 m, three-story building.,
3. Two-story building housing the magnetron department.
4. Two-story new building housing the measuring department.
and as
5. Old plant building housing sections of the magnetron department, the
transmitter tube assembly shop with pumping stands, the school, and
the personnel office.
6. Glass Plant.
7. OKBR.
8. Boiler house.
9. Small gas plant with one smoke stack at the northern side.
10. Rubber containersfor. hydrogen.
11. Small building housing the hydrogen sulphide plant.
12. Storage shed,
13. Canteen.
14. School for employees of the institute.
15. Guard house.
16. Foundations for new plant building; some of them were old; construction
work had been discontinued for a long time.
17. Foundations allegedly for a new building of the institute. SOMA of the
,foundations were old, and construction work went slowly.
18. Motor pool.
19. Concrete wall.
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Attachment 4
? QranAR114.ona1 Set U of NII 160 in Moscow Fr azino
Generaj.itiamen_t of NII 160,
I. NII 160 (Development of tubes)
l. Theoretical Department
2. Department for the development of magnetron and transmitter tubes
Laboratory for the development of magnetron tubes
b. Laboratory for the development of transmitter tubes and gas-filled
'tubes
c. Laboratory constructing impulse instruments
3. Klystroh and detector department
a. Laboratory for the construction of klystroh sets (instruments)
b. Laboratory for the construction of klystron tubes
c. laboratoryfor.thm construction of doteCtors
. Department for television tubes
Laboratory for television tubes
b. Laboratory for oscillographs and television tubes
. Laboratory for Blauechriftroehren
Laboratory for measuring and testing eqUipment
Laboratory for illuminating agents
f. So-called secret department
Department for the development of receiver tubes
a. Laboratory fpr electrometer tubes
6. Chemical department
7. Department for radio physics
,e.6 General construction of instruments
b. Laboratory for centimeter devices
8. IvIliasuring department
a. Life endurance ,testing field
b. Probe testing field
c. Laboratory for mechanical tests and climatic examinations
9. Department for Mechanical measuring
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Attachment 4
Page 2
10. OKBM
a. Uonstruction office
b. Workshop of the institute
c. Library
II. Zavod for the production of tubes, with a construction office
III. Glass plant, production of bulbs
IV. Vakuum tekhnikum (school)
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Tabulation of Personnel at NII 160 in Moscow Fr azino
Attachment 5
General ManagnalftnI:
Plant directorb: ',Zakharov (Thu) until 1947. He was then transferred to the
Ministry of Communications Equipment Industry
in Moscow.
Zuzmanovskiy (fnu) temporarily during 1947. He was chief of
the first laboratory of the magnetron depart-
ment.
,Goltsov (fnu) from 1947 until November 1950. He had visited
the United States.
Chief engineer: Sorokin (fnu)
I. Institute
1. Theoretical Department
Soviet chief: Lukoshkov (fnu)
German staff: Dr. Karl Steimel
Dr. Gerhard Dobbrak(or Dobrack)*
DT. Gerhard (fnu), an expert for centimeter equipment
Dr. Gerhard Hagen, a mathematician *
DT. Hans Rosensteinjwho calculated oscillating circuits
for klystrons
2. Department for Magnetron and Transmitter Tubes
a. Laboratory for the development of magnetron tubes
Soviet chief: Zuzmanovskiy (fnu), a qualified scientist who had studied
at the Berlin-Charlottenburg Institute of Technology and
had also visited the USA
German staff: Engineer Heinz (or Karl) Gromadies During the war both
experts worked in
Mechanic Helmuth Stolle the Berlin Tube Plant
on the development
of ceramic tubes.
They were transferred
to another department
in 1950.
b. 'Laboratory for the development of transmitter tubes ands-filled tubes
'Soviet chief: FeodoSiyev (fnu)
1. Laboratory for the development of transmitter tubes
Soviet chief: Mrs. Krakau (fnu)
German personnel: Gerhard Haucke
Engineer' Otto Sperling*
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Attachment 5
Page 2
2. Laboratory for gas-filled tubes
Soviet chief: Mrs. Vogelsohn (fnu)
German personnel: No details available
c. Laboratory for the construction of impulse instruments
Soviet chief: Stroganov (fnu)
German personnel: Mechanics
Klystron and Detector De artment
a. Laboratory for
Soviet chief:
German staff:
b. Laboratory for
Soviet chief:
German staff:
C. Laboratory for
Soviet chief:
German staff:
?
the construction of klystron instruments
Fishbein (fnu)
Dr. Hans Tropper
Graduate Engineer Eitel Spiegel
Graduate Engineer Horst Gerlach
Engineer Walter Ewald
the construction of klystron tubes
Mishkin (fnu)
Engineer Willi Siems
?
the construction of detectors
Krasilov (fnu) He was previously chief of the measuring
department.
Dr. Emil Schloemilcha a detector expert
Engineer Hellwig (fnu) ?
4._p_Deartibesnei
Soviet chief:
Astrin (fnu) until early 1949. He wasebout 35 years of age
and had visited England and
the USA. He became chief
of Department 133.
Zhutak (fnu) since 1949. He came from the Ministry of
Communications Equipment Indus-
try in Moscow.
' 'Three Soviet clerks
a. Laboratory 131 for television tubes'
Soviet chief: Artemyev (fnu) (since 1950) .
Soviet engineers: Petrenko (fnu)
Gerus (fnu) an outstanding engineer
Six additional Soviet engineers
Your technicians
Three' unskilled female laborers
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Attachment 5
Page 3
German staff: Graduate Engineer Hass (fnuwho came from the Fernseh AG
and developed iconoscopes
Graduate Engineer Walter Dirbach*
b. Laboratory 132 for oscillograph and television tubes
Soviet chief: Tarasov (fnu)
Two Soviet technicians
Three Soviet engineers
German staff: Dr. Physics Helmut Kiang
Graduate Engineer Werner Fiedler*
Helmit Koewing, a technologist and -practical engineer
c. Laboratory 133 for BlaUschriftroehren
Soviet chief: :Astrin (fnu) between early 1949 and early 1950. He
then was assigned to Laboratory 136.
Three Soviet engineers
Three unskilled laborers (women)
About ten persons were transferred to Laboratory 136 in
early 1950.
German staff: Dr. Juergen Rottgardt
Dr, Werner Kluge
d. Laboratory 134 for the construction of measuring and testing equipment
for television tithes.
Soviet chief: Lebedev (fnu)
Seven Soviet engineers
Three technicians
-.Four female mechanics
German staff: Baehr (fnu), expert for television switching systems
ROhwetter (fnu), television sets
Engineer Walter Gutzke*
. Additional Germans'
e. Laboratory 135 for illuminating agents
Soviet chief: Grigoryev(fnu), who was simultaneously chief of the pro-
duction department for illuminating
agents. He was also chief of the chemi-
cal department to which Laboratory 135
was subordinate . Between 1947 and the
spring of 1948 he visited the plant for
illuminating agents in Steinbach.
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Attachment 5
Page 4
? Three Soviet engineers
Three technicians
Two unskilled, female laborers
German staff: Dr. Physics Fritz Michels*
use Mueller, a female chemist
f. Laboratory 136, the so-called secret department, established in 1950.
Soviet chief: Astrit (fnu)
One Navy captain
One Army captain
Three capable civilian engineers
Three young engineers
Two or three technicians and five additional Soviets
who previously had worked in Department 133.
Workshop for the production of television tubes (the other production
shops were set up in a similar way)
g.
1.
Chemical section:
Two Soviet engineers
Five Soviet women
2.
Pumping stand:
Two Soviet engineers
Eight Soviet women
Max Richter, a German glass blower
.
Glass plant:
Three Soviet engineers
Six Soviet women
Senf (fnu) and another German glass blower
.
? Tube assembly:
One Soviet foreman
Four Soviet laborers
Four German laborers*
One German tube mechanic
5.
-Fitting shop: ?
One Soviet foreman
Foal* SOviet laborers
Develo ment De artment for Receiver Tubes
-Soviet chief; Ratenbetg (fnu)
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Attachment 5
Page 5
German personnel: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Mie, a tube physicist
Engineer Heinrich Krueger, who reconstructed American
receiver tubes and small transmitter tubes
a. Laboratory for electrometer tubes
Soviet chief: Name was not remembered
(no German personnel worked in this section)
6. Chemical Department
Soviet chief: Medlin or Gleb Aleksandrovich Metlin
German staff:
Dr. Hans (or Kurt) Richter, who worked on technological
problems connected with the production
and development.
Dr. Ernst Schaaf, who developed cathodes from US models
Albert Grove, who worked on material tests and analysis
7. partmenforoPhsics
r
Soviet chief: Strutinskiy (fnu)
a. Section for the general construction of instruments
Soviet chief: Name was not remembered
German staff: Graduate Engineer Herbert Junker*
Engineer Albert Turlay or Thurley*
Engineer Alois Fleischer*
Graduate Engineer Wilhelm Grimm*
Engineer Wilhelm Wiener, who was arrested in 1947
b. Laboratory for centimeter devices
Soviet chief: Name was not remembered
German staff: Dr. Werner Vogi or Fogy, who was arrested in 1949.
because he had tried to establish contact with the
Austrian Embassy.
Engineer Ernst von Hagen
Technician Munthe (fnu)
Measuring_apartment
Soviet chief:
Setbode (fnu), a German from the Baltic States, who was
transferred to NII 160 from the SvetIana Plant in
Leningrad
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Attachment 5
Page 6
a. Life endurance testing field
Soviet chief: Name was not remembered
(no German personnel)
b. Probe testing field
c. Laboratory for mechanical tests and climatic examinations
Soviet chief: AVners (fnu)
German staff: Engineer Erwin Schulze
Engineer Hans Siems
Several mechanics
d. Laboratory
Soviet chief: unknown
German staff: Engineer Friedrich Zeegenhagen
Interpreter Johannes Elsner
9. 22pArIpent for Mechanical Measuring
No Germans worked here.
10. OKEM
Soviet chief: unknown
Construction office:
German personnel: Engineer Guenther Taubert*
John (fnu)*
Palme (fnu)
Seven additional Germans
b. Workshop of the Institute;
Soviet chief'.
German personnel;
unknown
Engineer Otto Schmidt*
Schneider (hit)*
c. Library
II, Tube Production Plant
Chief engineer: Engineer Paul Rothenburg
Several mechanics
Note: The construction office of the plant was established in the building
of the Institute.
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German personnel Hans Zander
Albert Bohne
Erwin Thuermann
Wilhelm Malchow
Herbert Reinecke
Herbert Reschke
Fischer (fnu)*
Engineer Karl Treiber*
Engineer Otto Schoenfelder*
Engineer Paul Sprotte*
Franz Froemmel of Frommel*
Wende (fnu)*
III. Glass Plant
Attachment 5
Page 7
German personneL Gerhard Riedel,* a glass industrialist who established the
glass plant in 1947.
Graduate Engineer Ludwig Huebner
* Germans who had been released as of the date of information of this report.
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