TYPES OF UNCLASSIFIED CORRESPONDENCE USED IN THE MERCHANT AND RIVER FLEETS OF THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000400100010-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 16, 2002
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: February 3, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
25X1A
COUNTRY USSR DATE DISTR. 3 `Z d 54
SUBJECT Types of Unclassified Correspondence Used NO. OF PAGES 19
in the Merchant and River Fleets of the USSR
25X1 A PLACE
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT I11.O.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
1. This report deals with unclassified correspondence to and from head-
quarters to the peripheral offices in the system of the Merchant and
River fleets. This correspondence is divided into the following basic
types
(a) Directive correspondence which includes orders, commands, circulars,
injunctions, ordinances, instructions, and directive letters.
(b) Directive--instruction correspondence which includes all directive
documents listed in paragraph (a) with attachments of regulations,
instructions or explanations on the order or procedure of the use
of a given order, circulars, ordinances, etc. Such correspondence
always goes from the higher offices to the lower ones.
(c) Instructional correspondence which includes all kinds of explana-
tions and instructions relating to the fulfillment of this or that
measure or assignment. Such correspondence goes from the higher
offices to the lower ones or from special offices not depending
on their subordination.
(d) Executive correspondence which includes all kinds of r-=pports and
=
E< _n .tic ,
dispatches concerning the fulfillment of a command, o.L
directive, etc. Such correspondence goes from the lower ofi-ces
to the higher offices.
Report-information documents which include all types of accounts,
information, dispatches, articles, references, control codes, and
reports on the condition of business in this or that section. Such
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correspondence goes from the lower offices to the higher ones,but
in certain cases is made public before a large audience as, fay ,.
example., articles read at councils, :neetings, conferences, and
other such gatherings.
(f) Documents of mutual correspondence which include all letters,
service notes and information. These documents are used in
correspondence between official individuals, organizations, and
sections, not subordinated to each other, or in eorre, ndenc'
from the lower organizations to higher organizations.
(g) Inquiries and depositions of an official and personal characterr,
which include all types of inquiries, depositions, an complai;xta.
These documents are usually used without regard to the subordination
of individaials or organization, or they are used between lower organs
and. higher ones.
We come now to an examination of each separate type of document used in the system
of the Merchant and River Fleets.
(A) Orders by the Ministry.
Orders by the Ministry may be given out by the Minister personally,
or by the Acting oosr Assistant Minister in his own area of operations.
Orders by the Ministry are divided into the following two basic types:
(I do not include here secret and top secret orders..)
(a,) Orders of a general character.
These orders take in the widest variety of questions
concerning the functions of or anizations and concer .s , in
the Ministry. The action of such orders is covered by the
appropriate questions to all organizations and enterprises
in the Ministry. The majority of the orders of a general
character are duplicated by printing and sometimes by mean.;,
of photostat Li/ (steklografiehesky). Up until 1951
inclusive, the number of orders of a general character given
out in the Ministry of the Merchant Fl ea; averaged 800 to 1000
per year. Approximately the same: rnurriht.r of orders was riven
out in the Ministry of the River It-et, also. The numeration
of these orders is chronological, i ginning with 2 January
(Order y'l) and ending with 31 De,.er ber (Order #800 or ; 1000) .
From the beginning of each year, the numeration of order- `be{;ins
with //l. Orders of a general character usually have the
following appearance (accordirq; .o the latest practice in 1;he
Ministry of the Merchant and itivor 2leet of the USSR) :
Order
of the Minister. of the Merchant and River Fleet
of the Union of SSR
Contents;: On the reorganization of the editing of the
basin newspapers "Morskoy Reyd" and 112Z
Iovetsku.yu Neft ? ".
In order to have a more rational organization of the periodical
organizations serving the seamen of the Northern Caspian and
the riven-en of the steamship company Volgotanker - I ORDER:
"~10
12 June 1953
1. The reor_;anizatiori of the existing editorial ~,tafta s
of the newspaper .published by the Directorate and i;ol _ :3ai
Section of the steamship company Reydtanker - "Morskoy fieyd,,"
and of the newspaper puhlishid b the Directors`;e and
Political Section of the steamshi-p company Volgotanker - "Za
Sovetskuyi.i. ;deft t", into a single editorial staff of a
newspaper to be published by the Directorates and Pollti_-a_L
Sections of the steamship compan`_es Reydtanker and Vol`otanker
and the Basin Committee of the Profe:~s:sional Union of ? 3ea and
River Transportation Workers.
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2. The creation of a single printed organ of these companies
which shall be called "So
t
k
"
ve
s
i Tanker.
3. The Chief of the steamship company Reydtanker,,.General-
Director of the merchant fleet third rank Kotl arevs
y kit; ,and the
Chief of the steamship company Volgotanker, Gener:"-Djrector of
the river fleet third rank Kuchkin, to present to me F. '-)roject,
report on the editorial staff of the newspaper "Sovetsky f1anker."
Minister of the Merchant
and River Fleet
of the Union of SSR
(3. Shashkov
Such anorder was, I am quite sure, actually given, because the newspaper
"Pravda" of 6 Jul 53;,#187, under the headline, "Sovetsky Tanker,"
carried an article which stated that in Astrakhan a new newspaper called
"Sovetsky Tanker," an organ of the Directorates and Political Sections
of Volgotanker and Reydtar,;er and the Basin Committee of the Trade Union
of Sea and River Transportation Workers, was being published. The news-
paper comes out three ties and week and has four pages.
Order
of the Minister of the Merchant and River Fleet
of the Union of SSR
Moscow #236
Contents:. On personnel.
25 March 1953
ROMANOV, NIKOLAY ALEXANDROVITCH from the 31st of March of
this year is appointed to the office of Chief of the Astrakhan
Seaport with pay as per salary schedule.
Minister of the Merchant and
River Fleet
of the Union of SSR (3. Shaskov)
Order
of the Minister of the Merchant and River-Fleet
.of the Union of SSR
Moscow #650 28 July 1953
I APTNOUNCE THE ORDER OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE SUPREME SOVIET
OF THE USSR OF THE 27TH OF JULY 1953, CONC$RNING THE APPOINTMEIVT
TO THE POST OF CHIEF OF THE BALTIC GOVERNMENT MERCHANT STEAMSHIP
COMPANY OF LOGINOV, NIKOLAY PAVLOVITCH.
Minister of the Merchant and
River Fleet
of the Union of SSR
(3. Shashkov)
"By Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ,. "
To the Chief of the Baltic Government Merchant. Stebmship
Company LOGINOV, NIKOLAY PAVLOVITCH is bestowed the title (1 NE AL-
DIRECTOR OF THE MERCHANT FLEET SECOND RANK.
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
K. Voroshilov
Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
N. Fe ov
Moscow, Kremlin
27 July 1953
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Other orders of general character by the Ministry have exactly the same
form as the foregoing examples. This is a different form for orders of
general character used in the Ministry. To this type of order belon,s
the line or travel order. These orders are usually issued during the
period of stay of the Minister or of his assistant on a business trip
to the field. Travel orders are concerned with the activity of one or
of several organizations which the Minister or his assistant visited on
the business trip. Often such orders are issued by the Mint-!,ter in the
regular place of his stay (in Moscow), in the event that the girder refers
to one particular case. Line or travel orders usually have t~_e follow-
ing appearance;
Baku
Order
of the Minister of the Merchant and River Fleet
of the Union of SSR
#2-1 9 June 1953
Contents: Concerning Personnel of the steamship company, "Kasptanker."
For the early fu.lfil?ment of the May quota for petroleum transport -
I order:
1. A reward given to the. Chief of the steamship company Kasptan,,cer,,
Comrade Mukhin - two months official salary.
2. A reward given to the Assistant Chief of the steamship
company Kasptanker for Exploitation, Comrade Alexandrov - one and
one-half months official salary.
3. The Chief of the steamship company Kasptanker Comrade M ukhin
to reward workers who distinguished themselves in the fulfillment of
the May quota for the transportation of petroleum products, expending
for this purpose 30,000 rubles.
4. That the payment of the premiums be made from the fund of the
Chief of the steamship company.
Minister of the Merchant and
River Fleet
of the Union of SSR.
Order
of the Minister of the Merchant and River Fleet
of 'he Union of SSR
#12/p 28 July
Sometimes the Minister calls his order not line, but travel, any. then
such an order usually appears as follows:
Contents.; Concerning the personnel of the steamship company cvtan~e.
Captain of the motorahip Moskva Comrade POMERANETS - C OR.D .F to
be confirmed in the office of Captain of the above motorshi -) Yoek a .
Minister of the Merchant and
River Fleet
of the Union of SSR
(3. Shash Gov)
(3. Shashhov)
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In all orders, under the word "Contents," the subject of the order.should
be stated briefly, usually in one phrase. In orders coring le&ye,,.
hiring, firing, transfer from one job to another, promotioi or demotion
in office or title,. determination of pay, personal reward, ,in other
words those orders which concern some individual, groups of.individuals,
or personnel, contain a general description of the contents, of the
order for example, "Concerning Personnel" or "Concerning the Personnel
of the Organization."
(b) Orders of an internal character.
Such orders are usually given out internally in the
ministry and reflect the internal life of the central
apparatus of the ministry. Orders of an internal nature
by periphe_-l organizations are not disseminated in this
group. The system of numeration of these orders is chrono-.
logical and begins with number 1 at the start of every new,
year. The difference in form between orders of a general character
and orders of an internal character is that the orders of an
internal nature a_^e marked "internal" and below their number
stands the letter V. Under its heading is written "Order in the
Ministry" rather than "Order of the Ministry" as is the case
with general orders. The following are examples:
Order
of the Ministry of the Merchant Fleet
of the USSR
Moscow Nc; 65/v
11 February 1950
Contents: Concerning the personnel of the ministry
To allow regular leave to clerk-typist of the secretariat of
the ministry, Kiselevaya, MA, for the working period 12 February
1949 to 12 February 1950. The leave shall last 18 working days,
from 12 February of this year to 4 March of the year inclusively.
Minister of the Merchant Fleet
of the USSR (N Novikov)
Another form of internal ordez? is as follows:
Order in the
Ministry of the Merchant Fleet
of the USSR
Moscow No 65
11 March 1952
Contents: Concerning personnel of the ministry
Malova, Tatyana Alexyeyevna is promoted to the position of
senior economist; in the Currency-Financial Section of thy: ministry.
Comrade Malova'ss salary is to be in accordance with the sta-e
salary schedule..
Assistant to the Minister of the Merchant Fleet
of the USSR K aynzr v )
About 500 to 700 orders of an internal nature are usually ' .,sued
during the course of one year. These orders are very rarely printed.
They are usually reproduced on typewriters or by steklograph /ic7.
The originals of all orders issued by the ministry are filed in
the Directorate of Affairs of the ministry and must remain in the
archives more than five years.
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(B) Orders by the Head Directorates of the Ministry.
These orders are issued by the chief of the head direttWMLte :,31?
:by
the individual fulfilling his duties. Orders of a general'-nature and
orders of an internal nature, when issued by the head directorate, do not
have a special numeration and are not registered. These and other orders
go under a general numeration. About 500 such orders areusually issued
in one year. Their form is usually as follows:
Order
by the Head Directorate of the Petroleum Shipp_'ng Fleet
of the Ministry of the Merchant Fleet of the USSR
No 236 6 July 1951
Contents: . . . . . ? . ? ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? i ? ? ? ? ? ? i ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Chief of the Head Directorate
of the Petroleum Shipping Fleet
Ministry of the Merchant 1Flee-t of the USSR (L Serebryany)'
The order" and system of issuance and registration-of line or ;ravel
orders by the head directorates of the ministry are just the ';lame
as on the ministerial level. They differ only in outer form. On
some of these orders the name of the head directorate and ta-ie
Signature of the chief of the head directorate are written. Jsually,
n the course of a year a small number of line and travel orders,
50 or 60, is issued by the. head directorates.
(C) Orders by the indpendent And major organizations of the ministry.
Such orders are issued by directors or persons fulfilling the
work of directors of independent or major organizations and also
by persons having the right to hire or fire workers. he manner
of issuance of these orders, going under the signature of the
director or as si;tant director of one of these organizations, is,
exactly the same as on the ministry and head directorate levels.
These orders concern the activity of a given organization aid of
the entity of management within its jurisdiction. An average of
400 to 500 such orders are Issued a year. These orders havvvve
the following appearance
Order
By the Astrakhan Government Roadstead
Petroleum Carrying Company "Reydtanker"
Astrakhan No 254
12 July 19':2
Contents: Concerning the Transfe--r of motorship RB-160 to tie
Gur'ev Merchant Agency of the "Reydtanker" Company
In order to strengthen the carrying power of the
fleet of the Guarev Merchant Agency of the "Reydtanker" Com.n,r -
I ORDER:
1. That the motor tugboat RD-i60, no-,} included on
on the balance of the "Reydtanker" Company, and built:3,'-. ;'_,izhsky
factory, be turned over to the ChLef of the Gurev Mer?(;h.: .
Agency of the "Reydtanker" Company.
2., That the Chief of the Personnel Section of
company, comrade Kopalov, assign a full crew to the RB--16) ''3y
date not later than 15 July.
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3. That the Chief of the Astrakhan Petroleum
Carrying Merchant Agency, comrade Obyatanov, see that the
RB-1,6O is fitted out with all supplies and navigatiQnnaI equ
merit necessary to start-the voyage to Gurev not later than
16 July.
Chief' of the Company
"Reydtanker"
General-Director of the merchant fleet
3rd rank (Kotlyarevsky)
25X1A
Besides the directors of organizations, the director-3 of major
economic units within a given organization can issue orders.
These ordc--s usually concern some activity in the unit and Co
not go beyond the limits-?of the unit director's own jurisc.i.ct .. on.
For example, in the steamship companies, the directors of the
following units may issue orders:
a Chiefs of agencies;
o Chief's of repair shops;
c Chiefs of exploitation services;
~d 'Chiefs of machine-ship service;
.e Chiefs of route and bouy service;
f Chiefs of labor and wage section;
g Chiefs of other production sections;
h Captains and skippers of ships.
These orders are registered and enumerated within the given
economic unit or service. ' Usually the average number of such
orders issued ift a year is small, 50-60. In many cases these
orders are designated with the initial letter of the unit which
'issue-s them. For example.,, orders from the exploitation service
bear the letter "e'" after the number, from the machine-ship
service-?,- "Im" and from the petroleum agency, "n". Such orders
usually` have the following form:
Order
In the Exploitation Service of the "Reydtanker Company
Astrakhan No 25/e
10 July 1953
Contents: Concerning the Placing in Reserve of the Motor?ship
"" Pamyat' tov Voykova"
Bearing in mind that the flow of petroleum cargoes from
Bad.: to Astrakhan is now at a level which does not require the
use of certain excess tugs of the company--.I ORDER:
1. That the m/s "Pamyat' toy Voykova" beginning, .? T r.tb the
loth of July of this year be. placed in reserve for a period
of five days-.
2. That the captain of the m/s "Pamyat' tov Voykova.,"
comrade Kulichkin, keep the ship in six-hour preparedness so
that it may get under way as quickly as possi'?e in case the
res',erve period is cut short,
Chief of the-Exploitation Service
of the "Reydtanker" Company
Captain of the Merchant Fleet 2nd Rank (P Kubyshin)
Here We will turn our attention to orders issued by the personnel
sections. (by the directors of the personnel sections or the r
assistants). These orders usually concern matters pertain?ng to
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personnel, that is, hiring, firing, transferring of workers
from one job to another, and the determination of regular and
additional leave, the. announcement of programs o.f.incentive, the
exacting of disciplinary fines,. etc. Such orders are enumerated
chronologically. About 200 are issued per year on the average.
In many organizations orders issued by the personnel department
are labeled with the letter "k.'; for example;
Order
by the Astrakhan Government Roadsteac_
Petroleum Carrying Company Reydtanker
Astrakhan ,#92/k 28 May 1951
Contents; Concerning the personnel of the company
It is ordered that Khramkina, Mariya Alekseevna be
temporarily assigned from the communications service of
Glavkasprybprom `;;o the position of senior radio operator
in the communications service of the Reydtanker Company,
beginning the lst of June of this year, with salary
according to the state salary schedule.
Assistant Chief of. the Company
Reydtanker for Personnel
T,,t Colonel-Director A S of the Merchant Fleet (F Dolbnin)
However, not-every order concerning personnel may be issued by
the director of the personnel section. He may not issue these
orders in. such cases when the job of the given individual is not
within the jurisdiction of the director of the personnel section.
In extreme cases,. the director of the personnel section can Issue
an order to an individual'if he has the sanction.to do so from
the director of the organization in question, or of the higher
organization (directorate or ministry). For example, the director
of the personnel section does not have the right to fire, transfer,
or exact disciplinary fines from the chief engineer of the
organization, the chief of a service, or section, or from any
individual under the ministry, or the chief of the head directorate,
or the director of a firm. When iorking with personnel izi the
Soviet Union, it is absolutely necessary to know under whose
jurisdiction the individual in question comes. Line or travel
orders in the organizations of the ministry are issued by the
director of the organization or by the assistant director, while
visiting a peripheral organization (only when it is absolutely
necessary that an order be issued). Line or travel orders are
registered and enumerated separately from the general orders.
About 30 to 40 such'orders are usually issued during the year.
(D) Orders Issued in Small Organizations of the.Ministry.
Orders issued In the small organizations of the Merchant an&
River Fleet (by the inspectorate-of registry of the USSR, the inspectorates
of port or navigation control, by agencies.of technical supply
(Mortekhsnab), by construction sections, etc) are not divided into
general and special orders. All orders, including orders concerning
personnel, are issued by the directors of the organizations or by
individuals acting for the directors. The system of enurs~ 4_{~ _ _ ri,
registration, and publication of the orders in small organizatia:r?s
is exactly the same as in all organizations of the Ministry.
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COMMANDS (ORDINANCES)
Commands.,_, sometimes called ordinances, have a differer t form fror"i
orders. They may be issued by every director of an organizatiQn, fl:mti,
service, section, or any individual acting for the director,; within the
boundaries of his jurisdiction- Commands,: or ordinances, usually dear.
with any kind of informal question or special individual or groups of
individuals. Commands are registered separately from orders. Their number
in large organizations of the Ministry (steamship companies, port
authorities, etc) averages 50 to 60 per year.. It is necessary tr note that
although the commands or ordinances are formally different from orders,
practically there is no difference whatsoever. In practice, there often
occurs such a situation in which the director does not wish to give an order
on some question, an; he confines himself to giving a command or ordinance.
The reason for this is that under the present system copies of absolutely
all orders issued by directors must be sent to the Basin Procurator, the
Head Directorate of Subordination.(or to the Ministry), the Inspector of
the Ministry of OOvernment Control for Accounting, the Superintendent,
and also to the Control for Legality of the order issued. Very often,
cases occur where the above-mentioned controlling organs change the orders
to please themselves, and sometimes. call to account the director who issued
the order in the first place. Copies of.the commands, however, as a rule
are not sent to the above organs for control. This circumstance often
leads the director to substitute commands or ordinances for orders and, as
I already stated, the, jurisdictional power of both is identical. I will
give an example of when the director, knowing that, an illegal order issued
by him would be,changed by the .procurator, issued this order in the form of
Command
in .the Ship. repair Factor imeni Karl Marx
Astrakhan #7 8 .Ma~2ch 19,51
In view of the tense situation regarding the winter
repair of the dredge "Rodina,." and with the purpose in
mind of. liquidating the lag_ in production in the winter
repair of ships--I ORDER:
1. That Sunday,-11 March, will be a'working day
for workers, engineer-technicians and laborers.
2. That compensatory time for the Sunday work will be
given in one of the following days.
Director of the ship-repair factory
imeni Karl Marx
Engineer-Captain of the Merchant Fleet 2nd Rank (verenikin)
First of all it should.be remembered that similar commands were issued in
a whole series of other firms of the Merchant Fleet. Such a command is
illegal on two counts. First of all, the right to take one away the day of
rest in the week is not given to any director of a firm or organization or
even to.the minister himself. Only the government may make people work on
a holiday., A director may call special workers to work on a holiday but in
order to dQ this he must have the consent of the director of the he--ad
directorate or the minister, and of the Central Committee of La-or icons.
In the second place, no director has the right to give compensatory- .:aave
for a holiday spent in working. The worker himself gets to select, at his
own discretion, either double compensatory leave or double pay for tk
holiday spent in working. If such a command were to fall into the hands of
the procurator, it would be revoked immediately. Commands, however, do not
go to the procurator but are circulated only within an organization or firm.
Of course, someone could inform on the director but in practice this never
happens. People are afraid to take any chances because the director ii
sure to find out the name of the informer and take appropriate measures.
Often commands or ordinances take the following formz.
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Ordinance No 11
25X1A
Since :-20. July;, of t411is year, is designated as the day, to
evaluate,. the productive economic assets of the company by
,the total, amount of, work, accomplished in the first half-, of this
year,;;: -I ' PROPOSE;
That a, commission be formed as follower
1... Assistant Chief of the Exploitation-Service of the
c,ompany,..Tsiganov, MI Chief of the Laborand Wage Sect '_on
Derpachev,.. AA., Chief of the Planning Sec:tion:,,,Sereda,.. M), -- for
. tp preparation, pf a report for the Chief of the Company on
.a sets -Deadline for report, 10 July,
2. Chief of the Labor and Wage Section, Dergachev
for the ,
preparation of an address on the subject,, "The Company
"
and Socialist Obligations.
Deadline, 10 July.
3.;,Chief of the Administrative-Management Section of the
Company and Chief of the Astrakhan Petroleum Carrying Merchant
Agency Comrade Obyatanov, KA - for the -.formati-on of a club.
Deadline, 20 July,
4. Chief of the Personnel '-Section for the Company
Comrade
,
Kopalov, SI - to ,take care of the registration of people taking
t
pa'
; in the
5.. Chief of the Secret-Code Section of the Company,
Comrade Polovkov, VA - for the preparation of a list of members
,of the presidium. Deadline, 18 July.
6;. Chief .of the Exploitation Service of the Company
,
Comrade Kubyshin, PN,.and Chief of the Administrative-Management
Section of the Company, Comrade Filippchenko, AV - to provide
the people taking part in the with transportation
to and from Zayachya Island.
Chief of the Company
""Reydtanker"
General-Director of the Merchant Fleet
3rd Rank (Kotlyarevsky)
CIRCULARS (CIRCULAR LETTERS)
In the Merchant and River Fleets the word "circular" or "circular
letter" is used to denote a special type of ordinance, issued by the
minister or, by his assistant. Usually the circular has the character
of a document concerning some particular case and?appears"either as
an ordinance of the Soviet of Ministers or as an ordinance of the
Minister himself or of his assistant. Circulars are always designated
by the letters' TsM or TsZM, supplied with corresponding numbers,
designating the numerological order of the circular. The letters
with the number are always in the upper left-hand corner of the
document. The initials TsM mean that the circular is issued by the
Minister. The initials TsZM indicate that the circular is issued by
the assistant of the Minister. Circulars usually are reproduced by
typewriter'and are addressed to the directors of organizations and firms.
The-usual form of the circular of the Minister has the following
appearancex
TsM - 11
Moscow
11 May 1950
To all chiefs of Steamship companies, ports, basin
directorates, sea routes, construction Organizations;
to the directors of factories, docks, repair Soaps;
to the chiefs of merchant marine schob1s; and to'the
chiefs of instruction combines.
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In fulfillment of the ordinance of the Soviet of Ministers of the
USSR of 10 May 1950, #5665-r, I suggest:
That the pay of the-instructors in the instruction combines for
the. preparation of personnel be est4blished .sulject to education
qualifications., not higher than 12 rubles for each 'a.cademic . hair.
Minister. of the Merchant Fleet
of the USSR (N Novikov)
The ''following is an
example of the circular issued by the assistant
te '...
of the 1Flt i w,i
s
Moscow.
6-April 1950
.To All chiefs of steamship companies, ports, and traneloading
points. In the compilation and preseptstion to tha steamship
companies of dispatches concerning the processing of ships
I suggest the followings
1 That the-chiefs . of ports .and port points present
dispatches to, the steamship. companies,.oniy after a
detailed exaination of the elements pertaining to the
time that ships will remain in the ports and port points
with. the existing..
24' That the oh .ef s of the steamship companies pay for
the dispatches on y.after examination and concurrence with
the chiefs of the wage and labor sections and with the
chiefs of the commercial sections.
Assistant Minister
of the Merchant Fleet of the-USSR (V Bakayev )
Sometimes the same form of circular is issued by`the chiefs of the head
atd ,central directorates of the Ministry, but this is not a wide
practicre .i - The -directors ofperipheral organizations of the Ministry do
not. issue circulara of this. form:.
,INJUNCTIONS
An injunction is a document belonging to the category of ordinances
or. circulars. However, there is a difference between the injunction
and the above-mentioned documents. Orders, circulars and ordinances
go from the higher organs to the lower ones, injunctiohs,usually go
from some bind, of controlling organ to an organ, under its surveillance .
I ,will ;explain with concrete examples.
`
(a)
Organizations and firms of the Merchant and Diver Fleet
not subordinated. to laborunion organizations. However.
.the latter may give injunctions (ordinances)., for exarrtp?e,
to.the:director of a ship repair factory to cover the
roving parts of his machines or tools with casings to prevent
injury to the workers and, if the director of the factory
does_.not obey this ordinance, the labor union has the right
to suspend all work on the machines or tools in question.
,The steamship company is not subordinated to the liner:
inspectorates of the "Merchant Registry." However, t...
latter may give an injunction forbidding the launchin,
of ships which, in their opinion, are technically
unseaworthy.
(c) The Assistant Chief for Exploitation`in a steamship company
is not subordinated to the Cl,.ief of. the Wage and Labor
Section of the steamship company, 4owever, he 'is obliged
to fulfill all the injunctions of the Chief of the Wage and
Labor Section concerning questions regarding the organiza-
tion of labor on ships.
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,) The, Ass,istaht Chief of a steamship, company, the Head' Engineer
of the company; is not subordinated to the Chief..of the
lanning Section 'of the company, but he .as toh fulfill all'
`the. injunctions issuad by the Chief ' of 'the Planing Section
concerning the execution of the "limits in labor- in the
organization and execution of ship repair.
Strictly defined forms for injunctions have not been set u and the
direc.:tors can freely pick the form they want to use., The inox,t widely
used f oxm of injunction. 'is as follows:'
Tp the Chief of Ship Repair Workshop #55
Engineer-Captain of the Merchant Fleet Third Rank
Com Zlvarin, MA
In checking the accounts presented by you on form M-20 for
the month ., of.March 1949, an over-expenditure of, the wage fund into
the contents of the non=industrial per.so44e.l, of . the workshops
was discovered.
'T call to your attention the necessity of avoiding in the
future such over-expenditure'; at the, saane ?timl,,. you will have to
pay the non-industrial personnel of the shops less in the month
of April of this year than in the month of March in order to
balance the over-expenditure in the month of March.
Chief of the Planning Section
of the Reydtanker. Company
Major-Director AS of the Merchant Fleet (Sereda)
INSTRUCTIONS
A type of circular document belongs to the instruction category.
However, whereas circulars are issued by the minister or,his assistant
or by the chiefs of head and central directorates, instructioRas may be
issued by any head of a higher organization to the chief of al
subordinate unit. There is no required form for instructions Aut they
usually take the following forms'
Tb the chiefs of serviees, sections and agencies of the
Reydtanker company
In correspondence with the instruction of the chief of
the head directorate of the petroleum-carrying, fleet, corn Serebryany,
concerning the preparation of control ciphers for the year 1951,
I suggest:
1. That not later than 10 July 1950 you present a. statement
of the activities of the services,,,sections dr'agencies entrusted
to you,' fox' the year 1951 in the form of' - a project 'plan.
2. 'That this statement should include easefully worked out
quaetions of the production and financial activities of the part
of the company under your jurisdiction.
.3. That in working out the project.plan you"should take into
consideration the cutting," as far as po,ssible,, of the expenses of
your tart ' of the company.
. That you present your material to the chief of the
planning section in the aforementioned period.
Chief of the Reydtanker Company
Engineer-Captain of the Merchant Fleet 1st Class (F,edorov)
A directive letter is a document in which some, kind of task or
problem is placed before an organization and Which prescribes a series
of measures to be taken in the execution of the task. Besides this,
the definite limits within which the director may function while
carrying out the task is stated in t
directive letter. Directive
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letters are.,not, circulated. in the. administrative activities._of the
ministry of the merchant fleet "The ir role :is fulfilled `by orders with
statements and instructions, attached.. Directive i~ttr 'are usually
used by the'labor union organizations of the river and''m'erchant fleets.
In particular the yearly task of formin/>,'and,concluding collective
contracts with the firms and organizations is .carried-out by directive
letters made up by the local central committee and by the ministry.
Such directive letters usually have the following form:
_.Di.rect,ive Letter of the Ministry of the Merchant Fleet and the
Central,"Committee of the "Sea -Transport Workers' Union
To' a],1, chiefs of steamship companies,, ports,. basin directorates
of sea ~routes, building- trusts, directorates, sections,
directors of factories, piers, repair shops., and of other
organizations of the merchant fleet-.
It is proposed, in the, period beginning, with the lst of March
1949 to begin a campaign for the conclusion of collective agreements
between.the,`administrations of organizations and firms on the one
hand, ' and, laborers., engineer-technical workers, office workers and
ships. crews on the ether hand. '
Works .on the collective.contract will be finished on 25 March
and the contract will be concluded at conferences of laborers,
engineer-technical workers,,, office workers and ships crews with
representatives of the administration and the labor union.
In the conclusion of the collective contracts it is suggested
that the, following be regulated:
1., For the bas.is`of?the collective contract this directive
letter and a typical contract be used.
2. The basic task of the collective contract is the mobilization
of-the collective for the unconditional fulfillment and over-
fulf .Urnent of the production plan.
3, .It is f.orbidden..to include in the contract measures, not
allowing for the planning asa;ignation for the given year or Which
are c-ontrary to. existing.ls,ws..
4. The collective. contract is'valid for one year beginning
with the date of signing.
Minister.of the Merchant Fleet Chairman of the CC of the
USSR Labor Union of Sea Transport
(N NOVIKOV). Workers
(BUDANOV)
In this directive letter I have.omitted several. paragraphs as the
purpose of'this work is to describe mainly the form of`such correspondence,
and not to,go into details as to the contents.'
REGULATIONS
A regulation is a peculiar` kind of legislative document which
states the * chief' principles "of application of 'this or that 'order,
ordinance or.instruction. However, a regulation does not have to apply
to a certain order. It may be an independent, Legislative document.
The right of confirmation of a regulation belongs to the minister,
his assistants, directors and assistant directors of main arts -.tral
directorates, and..to directors and assistant directors. of inciep,L.-.dent
organizations and enterprises of'the ministry. Regulations may be
issued by every official within the limits of his own Jurisdiction.
In "compc'ing a' 'regulation it is necessary to make absolutely sure that
the new'regulation does not conflict with any existing laws in the
given field..
I : illustra;te the above with examples'..-
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In.order No 42O of 2f July,1 48 the Minister of the Merchant Fleet,
Novikov., acting on the basis of.a decision passed by the Soviet of:
Ministers of the. USS ;. 1.ntroduced . a new bonus systemm for the :sea and
shore, workers of the Ministry of the Merchant Fleet. The order y-trclf
took very little space but to it were attached, in the form of
appendix.,:a series of regulations on the order of the rewarding
different categories of workers--namely:
a Steamship company workere
b Port workers
c B sin Directorate of Sea Routes workers
d Factory, wharf and repair shop workers
e Crews of the.transpor,t, technical and service-auxiliary fleet
In these regulations general instructions about the system for
distributing bonuses to the ..various cate&;pries of workers were set forth.
(I never knew.'' the full contents of order No 420, otherwise I would
present it as a separate report.)
INSTRVTC.TI0N
An instruction is a document giving an explanation, detailed in
its vs,riants,,*,concerning the methods of application of a given order.,
instruction or regulation, Each.instructioh'.must c-orrespond exactly
with the given order or regulation,, Instructions may be issued by
officials whoare responsible for the execution of the given order or
regulation.. Usually instructions are confirmed by the directors of
organizations or enterprises or by the Ministry. Instructions may be-
issued as app.end:Lces to orders or independently. The names of the
instructions; may vary depending on their character. For example.:
"Instructions: on the method of application of the order of the Minister
of the Merchant Fleet,-of 28 July 1948 No. 420; "
"Instructions on'the method of introduction of the percentage raise.
for having vo.rked out the term for, workers of the Merchant Fleet;"
"Instructions. on. the method of investigation of Wrecks at sea."
EXPLANATION$_
Explanations are documents which give explanations concerning one
or more questions which arise during the course of work. An explanation
may be issued by any official to his on subordinates. Beside's,
explanations may be issued by officials in charge of,special ques,:ons.
In particular, the chief of the wage and labor section may issue an
explanation, for example, concerning questions of labor organizattl n or
labor legislation to any official in one or several organizations of
the Merchant -Fleet- :regardless of degree of subordination..
Here it is necessary to point out that explanations cannot be
issued. by lower organizations to higher ones.
As a rule, the issuance of an explanation precedes an inquiry on
a gIvoa.question by an official with a request for an explanation.
There is no special form for explanations. The most widely used
form is'as follows.
To:the Chief . . . . ..(The name of the. organization,.serviee
or section)
corn. . . . (name of the official)
.In regard to.the question.broached by you in your 1>
dated 19 no. I make
:following explanations . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
;Chief
(name of organization, service (signature)
or section)
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REPORTS
25X1A
Reports are documents which always go from one official to a higher
official,. It is necessary to note that in accordance with "the
regulation concerning' discipline of workers of the sea trarnportation
of the USSR (also river)," a report may be issued by an. official only
to his immediate chief. It'is forbidden for an official to send a
report over the head of his immediate chief.
Reports are issued in the following casess
(a) When the official informs his chief of the completion of
an.assignment or mission which his chief has given laim.
(b) When an official turns to his chief for a decision on
some sort of question.
(c) When an official approaches his chief in writing concerning
a personal question,
(d) When an. official reports to his chief concerning unusual
events, happenings, on a job, for which the given official
is responsible.
The. most widely used form of report is as follows:
To the Chief...,....(name of organization service, . orsection)
comrade (name of official)
Position, name, and first name .of official
issuing report
Report
With this I inform you .,.....,.,.....
(contents of report)
MEMORANDA
signature),
Memoranda are documents which actually are the same as reports.
However, memoranda are different from reports in that they are used
in thos.e cases where an official brings to the consideration of his
.chief some kind of proposal dealing with the activity of the organ-
ization or of a part of it, gives a detailed analysis of some problem.
or makes some kind of technical proposal. In comparison with reports,
:memoranda are always issued in greater numbers. Memoranda are sent
from lower organizations to higher ones. The usual form for
memoranda is as follows;
To the Chief....(name of organization,service or section)
corn (name of official to whom memorandum
is directed)
name and position of person issuing memorandum
Memorandum
I herewith inform you of the following:
(body of memo)
(signature of sender)
OFFICIAL NOTES
Official note' are documents which concern any kind of
particulair question, information or inquiry. Official notes are
used as a means of correspondence between directors of not mutually
subordinated sections within organizations or enterprises. In
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partilar, official notes are used between the head'bookkeeper and
the head of the planning section, and between the mechanical ship
service ; and the chie ' cif the wage and labor section In the Ma dri ty:
Of: eases- off ictal' .notes. are-written by hand on forts, as opposed
to other. official - correspondence which. is typed
represent art explanation of the
Ae ourits 'are ~documerits.-'Which
.
activities of` an-organization,. service, or section by the various
bran ched .Cf `work.' Accounts are usually of a periodical nature (twice
a montik monthl quarte"rly,Atwice a year, yearly) and'areissued by
officials', on assigned portions of work. There are many forms of
accounts in'the merchant' and''river fleets. For every form of managerial
activity there are special accounting forms. In the merchant and
river fleet there are ''approved tables (albums) of statistical accounting,
operative'`and other types of accounting. The table of statistical
aecour. t, forms is approved for the merchant and river fleet by the
Central Statistical- Directorate in the 'Soviet' of Ministers of the USSR
and is kept, by the chief of the planning section of the organization.,,
or by the''' chief' of the- account. sectors of the planning. sections (in
large organizations). The other accounting forms are approved by
the minister and are kept by the directors of the various services
and sections according to field of activity. Accounts are signed
by the executives and in a majority of cases, by the directors of
organizations. Accounts are usually accompanied by explanatory notes.
DISPATCHES
Dispa'tche's are one of the forms of operative accounting. The
differences between dispatches and accounts are that dispatches apply
only to a short period, not more than a month, represent only a short
operational account of the activities of a small part of the organi-
.iatior..and are not accompanied by explanatory notes. As a rule
dispatches are counted merely as accounts..
SPRY
rim. ~S Wdl1 I ' la ViiV Vl UiiG V ".L iV uO J . viW v~ vr~. r a v.a vaav~ r awvv . wsa.,+w.aa~ .
The `diff.ere1 ce between sumrriaries and accounts is that summaries are
issued fora very short period of' time, -even shorter 'than the ais'patch
Summaries are issued for the shift, 2l-hour period, or for the 10-day
period, for example,: shift summaries on the work of the-stevedore
.brigades irl.th. e ports.N-hour summaries by the dispatchers on the
movement of the fleet.
PAPERS
A paper is a general document refle.cting.either the. entire economic-
financial activity of an organnizatibn` or. the activity of-some special
part of it, or a certain phase of the activity. For example: a paper
on personnel work, a paper' on the grounding of advanced working methods
on ships, a paper, on the work of. the communications service, etc.
Papers are usually written by the directors of organizations or by
the directors of certain parts of the organizations. These papers are
written to acquaint participants of councils,....conferences and meetings
with the economic-financial activity of-the organization.
References 'ared?'o meats of the. two followfag types:
presented by the directors of organizations or by
;a) 'ces p e
th
re
parts of organizations to, any of the various
se
controlling groups (Party and trade union organizations,
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the Office of. the Prosecutor - MVD, financial organs,,, or organs
of the. Ministry of Government Control) These reference;
.give, a des-c.r_ption of the activities of the entire firm
o,.'organLization,- of -a. special part of the organization or of
special typeof activity. A reference usually represents
a form of account accompanied by explanatory notes. References
are presented to the controlling organs either periodically
.or upon request by these organs.
(b). References of an informal character, usually haviri< nothing
in common with the above-mention references. These references
are issued by. a specific official or private person, in the
form of-'a document attesting to some action of the person
in question;,. either past or present. For example.;
This ,t tests to the fact that Yeryemina, Nina Fedora-,Za
works as puncher sic in the Communications Service of the
Astrakhan Govt Roadstead .Petroleum Carrying Co "Reydtan1Ler."
This reference is issued for presentation to the First
Section of :Poli.c a of the city of Astrakhan.
Chief of Personnel
of the Reydtanker Co
Captain of .the Merchant Fleet 3rd rank (Kopalov.)
Reference
This is to certify that Seredenko, Margarita Vasilevna
works as a ae.nior engineer in the Wage and Labor Section of
the Astrakhan Govt Petroleum-Carrying Co "Reydtanker".and
that .she has as a dependent a one-year-old child.
This reference is issued to Kindergarten No 1 of the
Lower Volga. Health Department on the si..zb iect of admitting to
Kindergarten No 1. the child belonging to Se'redenko.
Chief of the Administrative-
Economic Section of the
Reydtanker Co
Senior. Lt AS of the Merchant Fleet
( ilippchenko)
CONTROL _FIGIJRES
-A control figure is a document representing a plan for the
production-financial activity of a given organization or enterprise
for-the coming year. Control figures are an entire general document
prepared Jointly by the chiefs of the planning section and wage and
labor"section and by the head bookkeeper. Beside these three
basic compilers of the control figures. the directors of other,
services and. sections of the organization also contribute to the
working out of. the control figures. This document is divided into
many divisions wh ch clarify all the, activities of ..the organization,
product.i.ve and financial.
LETTERS
In official .correspondence, letters are the most varyIng '--e of
document concerning the most varied questions of the production-, financial
activity of the organization. Letters are usually divided into the
following categories:
(a)..Lett.ers - correspondence between services and. sections
inside a department;
(b) Letters --.correspondence between departments .of one or of
different ministries:,
(c) Letters correspondence with the ministry or With the }read
and central directorates.
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INFORMATION
Information documents are~ those in which a given -offi:cial' informs
interested persons ' or organizations ' about -any kind of changes, innovations
or other questions arising during the course of productive activity.
Information may be issue'd'by'an official concerning his own area of
jurisdiction to any other officials, ?regardless of subordination.
However, ],over' organizations may not issue information to higher organiza-
tions. The following document may be regarded as an example:
To the Chief of Ship Repair Shop No 55
Of the Reydtanker Co
Engineer-Captain of-the Merchant Fleet 3rd rank
com Zavarin, MA
I hereby inform you that Glavnefteflot of the Ministry of
the Merchant Fleet has made some changes in the labor plan for the
Reydtanker Co for the year 1950. Correspondingly,, the labor plan
for the ship-repair shop under your direction will be as follows:
Position of the Plan
by Type of Job
Average Annual
Contingent
1. Workers 160
2. Engineer-Technical 12
Workers
3. Clerks
4. Junior. Service
Pers'onne'l
15
6
Average Annual
Wage Fund
900,000 rubles
90,000 rubles
72,000 rubles
15,,000 rubles
At the same time I also inform you that .the salary of the
workers, engineer-technical: workers, and of the office and junior
staff of the'ship-repair yards should be paid strictly within the
limits of the above-revisedllabor plan allowing absolutely no
over-expenditure.
Chief of the Planning Section
of the. Reydtanker Co
Major-Director AS of the Merchant Fleet (Sereda)
INQIJ .
Inquiries are documents in which officials make inquiry of other
officials concerning any kind of explanation touching on production or
financial activity. -Inquiries can be made without regard to subordination
of officials. or ?' organizations
REPLIES'
Replie's -are those documents in which an official gives a reply to the
Inquiries = made ''by another official
DECLARATIONS
Declarations are documents the contents of which are usually private
in nature. A. private declaration is differ'''ent from a report Li `h-:11 . it
may be sent by an individual not only to his immediate chief, but. cts_3o
over"the chief's head to a higher officcial. It is' not necessary that
declarations come only from officials. They may be sent by any individual.
It is necessary too note that if ` an official sends' a declaration, not
through channels 'but' over' his chief's head, one of the followinj; actions
may result:
(a) The higher chief informs =the immedl a ,,e superior of the person
eenid ng the declaration that' the- gi 3n person has sent him
a dee1aration on thus and such a question. It is necessary
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25X1A
to. verify his declaration but the person writing the declaration
should be punished for the violation of channels. It is for-
bidden for. an official to-send a declaration over the head of
his ihimediat'e superior.
(b) The higher chief sends a copy of the declaration to the immediate
superior of~the person sendin the declaration with the following
attached note.-,'
I arm sending you the declaration of com (name of sender).
Take up the matter with him at once. Please infi:.?rT r1 me
of your decision (or action taken) in this matte:.
As can `'be seen by the examples, direst communication with a hi - er chief in
the USSR ', is ? foolish as the -communication always returns to the immediate
superior anyway.
If the declaration is sent by a private individual the result is the
same. In the USSR there is a saying, "Don't mess with the strong, don't
tattle, to the rich" or "If your own boss doesn't want to help you then
nobody, no matter how high up, will help you." In the Soviet Union there
is no point in 'complainin" about your chief's actions. ? The' higher official
always returns the declaration with the inscription "Settle this matter
yourself and take appropriate action."
25X1C A good illustration Df the above is the following type of incident
F_ 11
The boss,.calls.a subordinate into his office and asks,, "Did
you write'this statement about my incorrect actions in regard to
you?" The subordinate asks, " laat's this?"
The boas,sdys.'"I'm asking you, did you write it?"
Subordinate ,stammering in terror): "Well, I--well, no--you see-
we--you know..."
Boss (threateningly); "Look, here is your statement and I won't
fool with you. I"ll teach you to forget how to write statements."
And sure enough, after a short tim,~ there comes a notice
of the firing of the unfortunate individual for the "disruption
of work" and other sins.
25X1X n sou- also note that 25X1X
it is categorically forbidden to write any kin ol collective
declaration froma group of two or more people.
CODIPLAI.71'
Complaints are a kind of document like a statement. They Q;o the same
'way and suf fer' the same fate as the other statements. They diffe=r f ror.
statements in that they can be sent only by private individuals and no#:
by officials .
756.111 N
756.511 N
103.683 N
107.77 N
25X1X
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