DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS, 1966

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000500320019-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: August 25, 1965
• Content Type: NSPR

STAT
STAT
#a R1ea 6{b_Q4/01116_: SP I O~f~ ~D'I ~FI~TATE
?: bloc, that the bill as thus amended be
considered as original text, and that no
points of order be considered as waived,
i The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? The Chair hears none, and it
is so ordered.
The amendments agreed to en bloc are
as follows:
On page 2, line 10, after the word "else-
where," to strike out "$4,096,100,000" and In-
sert "$4,092,291,000"; In line 14, after the word
:"fund", to strike out "Provided, That not to
exceed $337,000,000 of the foregoing amounts
shall be available for permanent change of
station travel:", and in line 16, after the word
"Provided", to strike out "further,".
On page 3, line 8, after the word "fund",
to strike out the colon and "Provided, That
not to exceed $169,800,000 of the foregoing
'.. amounts shall be available for permanent
change of station travel".
On page 3, line 20, after the word "fund",
to strike out the colon and "Provided, That
not to exceed $44,300,000 of the foregoing
amounts shall be available for permanent
change of station travel",
On page 4, line 8, after the word "fund",
to strike out "Provided, That not to exceed
$301,100,000 of the foregoing amounts shall
be available for permanent change of sta-
tion travel:", and in line 10, after the word
"Provided", to strike out "further,".
On page 4, line 24, after "$238,600,000", to
insert a colon and "Provided, That the Army
Reserve shall be maintained at an average
strength of not less than 270,000 during fiscal
year 1968.".
On page 6, line 9, after the word "law", to
strike out "$266,200,000" and Insert 11$271,-
800,000"; ; and in line 12, after the word
"Code", to insert a colon and "Provided
further, That the Army National Guard shall
be maintained at an average strength of
not less than 380,000 during fiscal year
1966.".
On page 8, line 9, after the word "Gov-
ernment", to strike out "$3,475,200,000" and
Insert "$3,483,600,000".
On page 13, at the beginning of line 7,
to strike out "$533,762,000" and insert
"$633,400,000".
' On page 17, line 18, after the word "auth-
orized", to strike out "$1,206,800,000" and
insert "$1,204,800,000".
On page 19, line 17, after the word
"plants", to strike out "$1,120,000,000" and
insert' x$1,149,900,000".
On page 25, line 19, after the word "trans-
ferred", to strike out "$150,000,000" and In-
sert "$100,000,000".
On page 26, after line 5, to insert a new
title, as follows:
"TITLE V-EMERGENCY FOND, SOUTHEAST ASIA
"Department of Defense
"Emergency Fund, Southeast Asia
"For transfer by the Secretary of Defense,
upon determination by the President that
such action is necessary in connection with
military activities in southeast Asia, to any
appropriation available to the Department
--- -- -- - of Defense for military functions, to be
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE merged with and to be, available for the
same purposes, and for the same time period
APPROPRIATIONS, 1966 as the appropriation to which transferred,
The Senate resumed the consideration $1.700,000,000, to remain available until ex-
The Provided, That transfers under this
of the bill (H.R. 9221) making appropri- authority may
subsec-
ations for the Department of Defense without regard be the made provisions funds
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, t ion on ( (b) of motion 41 412 of Public o oblic f Law 86 88--14149,
and for other purposes. as amended, 10 U.S.C. 4774(d), 10 U.S.O.
Mr, STENNIS. Mr. President, what 9774(d), section 355 of the Revised Statutes,
is the pending matter before the Senate? as amended (40 U.S.C. 265), and 41 U.S.O.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. H.R. 12,"
9221, the military appropriation bill. At the top of page 27, to change the title
number from "V" to "VT".
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I ask On page 27, at the beginning of line 8, to
Unanimous consent that the Committee ' change the section number from "501" to
amendments to the bill be agreed to en "cot".
Approved For Release 2004/01/16 : CIA-RDP75-00149R000500320019-5
On page 27, at the beginning of line 16, to
change the section number from "502" to -- -
'602".
On page 27, at the beginning of line 20,
to change the section number from "503"
to "603".
On page 28, at the beginning of line 23, to
change the eeetion number from "604" to
604".
On page 29, at the beginning of line 6, to
change the section number from "506" to
On page 29, at the beginning of line 10, to
change the section number from "506" to
"606"; and on page 30, line 16, after the-word
"Code", to insert a semicolon and "(h) for
the purchase of milk for enlisted personnel
of the Department of Defense heretofore
made available pursuant to section 1446(a),
title 7, United States Code.".
On page 30, at the beginning of line 20,
to change the section number from "507" to
"607".
On page 31, at the beginning of line 10, to
change the section number from "508" to
"608".
On page 32, at the beginning of line 11, to
change the section number from "609" to
"009".
On page 33, at the beginning of line 7, to
change the section number from "510" to
"810".
On page 33, at the beginning of line 11, to
change the section number from "611?' to
"811 ".
On page 34, at the beginning of line 7, to
change the section number from "512" to
"812".
At the top of page 36, to insert:
"(d) The Secretary of Defense shall im-
mediately advise the Committees on Appro-
priations of the Congress of the exercise of
any authority granted in this section, and -
shall report monthly on the estimated obliga-
tions Incurred pursuant to subsection (b)
and (c)."
On page 35, at the beginning of line 6, to
change the section number from "613" to
"613".
On page 36, at the beginning of line 12,
to change the section number from "'514" to
On page 37, at the beginning of line 7,
to change the section number from "516" to
"615"; In line 10, after the word "effects",
to insert in excess of eleven thousand pounds
net", and in line 11, after the word "ship-
ment", to strike out "having a net weight in
excess of thirteen thousand pounds for ofn-
cers in pay grades 0-7 through 0-10; of
twelve thousand pounds for officers In pay
grade 0-6; and eleven thousand pounds for
all others".
.On page 37, at the beginning of line 16,
to change the section number from "516"
to "616".
On page 37, at the beginning of line 23,
to change the section number from "617" to
"617".
On page 38, at the beginning of line 6, to
change the section number from "618" to
"618".
On page 38, at the beginning of line 13,
to change the section number from "519"
to "819".
On page 39, at the beginning of line 10,
to change the section number from "520"
to "620".
On page 39, at the beginning of line 17,
to change the section number from "521"
to "621".
On page 39, at the beginning of line 24,
to change the section number, from "622"
to "622".
On page 40, at the beginning of line 6, to
change the section number from "5231" to
"623".
On page 41, at the beginning of line 9, to
change the seotion number from "524" to
?624?
 20898 CC Q~75~0149R00S~063200'1-TE August 25, 1965
Approved For Release 2004/01/16: I
On page 41, at the beginning of line 17, On page 47, after, lline 2, to Insert a new considered in this body on last Friday,
to change the Section number from "52611 to section, as follows: the military assistance program, and the
"625" 639 Of h f
S
t
d
d
i
l
i
s C. .
e an
s ma
n
e ava
lab
e
On page 41, at the beginning of line 22, to this Act for repair, alteration, and conversion
change the section number from "628" to of naval vessels, at least 35 per centum shall
-On page 42, at the beginningof line 0, to
change the auction number from "827" to
"627".
On page 42, at the beginning of line 14, to
change the section number from "626" to
"628".
On page 43, at the beginning of line 3, to
change the section number from "529" to
"629".
On page 43, at the beginning of line 12, to
change the section number from "530" to
"630".
On page 43, at the beginning of line 23, to
change the section number from "631" to
"631".
On page 44, at the beginning of line 18,
to change the Section number from "533" to
,.633".
On page 44, at the beginning of line 23,
to change the section number from "634" to
'634".
On page 45, at the beginning of line 13,.
to change the section number from "536" to
"635".
On page 45, at the beginning of line 22,
to change the section number from "636" to
On page 46, at the beginning of line 11,
to change the section number from "537' to
'O37'.
On page 46, after line 18, to strike out:
"SEC. 638. None of the funds provided
herein shall be used to pay any recipient of
a grant for the conduct of a research project.
an amount equal to as much as the entire
cost of such project."
And, in lieu thereof, to Insert:
"SEC. 638. None of the funds provided here-
in shall-be used to pay any recipient of a
grant for the conduct of a research project
an amount for Indirect expenses In connec-
tlon with such project in excess of 20 per
centum of the direct costs.-
Title I-MORnry Personnel
__________________________
Reapproprintlen_______________________________
Title II-Operation and Maintenance_._________________
Re?PPropriatlon
______________________________
Title III-Proeuroment _________________________________
Lido IV-Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation_
Contract authority liquidsflea________________ ns and eontraet authority liquidation _____
title V-Emergency Fund, Southeast Asia _______________
Totnl
__________________________---_--_----------_--
teapproprlatlo
usted totnl______________________________________
Adjusted Distribution of appropriations by organizational oem-
ponent:
1teaPProprlntlons_________......
LiquWntion Of contract authoriz?qon_________
NavY ---
-----------_____._.____._____------------,_--
Army- ----------------------------------------------- At, P'orcp_..____----_-___--------------------------ItcapproPtl atlan_.__.._______________________
Beapproprlntlon_______________........ ___________
D
efense Agendas/osu____________________
? Southeast Asia Emergency nuns---------------------
Total
o1 Defense-_
Reapproprlotlons and ll Departmentgnidatlon of
c?ntractauthority-__
Adjusted total, Department of Defenso:______._._.
be available for such repair, alteration, and
conversion in privately owned shipyards:
Provided, That if determined by the Secre-
tary of Defense to be inconsistent with the
public Interest based on urgency of require.
ment of the fleet to have such vessels re-
paired , altered, or converted as required
above, such work may be done in Navy or
private shipyards as he may direct."
On page 47, after line 11, to insert a new
section, as follows:
"SEC. 640. Only upon the approval by the
Congress, . through the enactment of law
hereafter, of a realinement or reorganization
of the Army Reserve Components, the Secre-
tary may transfer the balances of appro-
On 44, at the beginning oP line 7, toOn of priations made in this Act for the support
change the Section number from "532" to of the Army Reserve Components to the ex-
"632". tent necessary to Implement such a realine-
ment or reorganization; and the provisions
In this Act establishing average strengths for
the Army Reserve and the Army National
Guard shall cease to be effective!
"
At the top of page 48, to Insert a new sec-
tion, as follows:
"SEC. 641. None of the funds providedin
this Act shall be available for the expenses of
the Special Training Enlistment Program
(STEP) or similar programs."
On page 48, at the beginning of line 4, to.
change the section number from "639" to
"642".
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, as the
manager of the bill on the floor, I pro-
Pose to make a brief summary of the
major points, and then ask that I may
Yield to the Senator from Massachu-
setts [Mr. SALTONSTALL], unless at that
time he desires to proceed otherwise.
Mr. President, the Department of De-
fense appropriation bill for fiscal year
1966 includes funds for the various pro-
grams and activities of the Department
of Defense exclusive of the regular mill-,
tary, construction Program which was
Summary of appropriations
civil defense progmrun.
The budget requests for the programs
and activities requiring new obligational'.
authority included in this bill total $46,-
852,100,000, including the supplemental
request of $1,700 million for the south-
east Asia emergency fund requested in
Senate Document No. 45.
These requests for $46.8 billion in new
obligational authority represent 43.3 per-
cent of the $108.1 billion new obligational
authority requested to date for all do-
partments and agencies of the Federal
Government for fiscal year 1966.
This bill as it passed the House of Rep-
resentatives included $45,067,500,000 in
new obligational authority. However,
the-House did not consider the supple-
mental request of $1.7 billion for the
southeast Asia emergency fund.
The Senate Committee on Appropria-
tions recommends appropriations total-
ing $46,756,319,000 of new obligational
authority, which includes the full $1.7
billion supplemental request for the
southeast Asia emergency fund.
These recommendations are:
Under appropriations for fiscal year
1965 by $926,126,000;
Under the budget estimates for fiscal
Year 1966 by $95,781,000; and
Over the House bill by $1,688,819,000.
However, excluding the $1.7 billion for
the southeast Asia emergency fund,
which the House did not consider, the
recommendations of the subcommittee
are $11,181,000 below the House bill.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to include in the RECORD at this
point a tabulation giving a summary of
the committee's recommendations by bill
titles and organizational components.
There being no objection, the tabula-
tion
was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Increase (+) or dccraaso
-), Senate bill
Title
Appropriations,
fi
l
budget
house
Amount
recommended
,~
compared wit, -
1005
sca
esdemis,, 1066
allowance
by Senate
Committee
Appropriations,
_ Dodger
louse
-
1066
estimates, 1060
allowance
$14,GOO, 000,000
$14,600,000,000
$14,598,500,000
$14,600,201,000
-$66,709,000
+.$40291000
+$1
791
000
_--------------
12, 445, 878, 000.
(58,100,000)
12,471, GOO, 000
(68,100, 000
12,484, 600, 000
(68,100,000)
12,402, 628,000
(+58,100,000)
}46, 750, 000
_____--__-___
-+21, 028, 000
,
,
+8,128,000
----------------
_________
(8,000,000)
(54
044
000)
(8, GOO, 000)
(64
044
000
(8,600,000)
(64
044
000)
(+8,600,000)
(}54
044
000
---_.__-
-
-
13,922,047,000
q 448, 620, 000
,
,
11,411,700,000
6, 708
800
000
,
,
11,800,
0
694
600
000
,
,
11,418,900,000
6
544
WO
000
,
,
)
-2,003,147,000
+05
080
000
___
_
_
_
+7,200,000
+28, 900, 000
700,000,000
,
,
1,700,000,000
,
,
,
----------------
,
,
,
1: 700, 000, 000
,
,
+1,000,000,000
-164, 300, 000
----------------
-611, 000, 000
+1, 700, 000, 000
700, NO, ON
47,082,445,000
----------------
40,852,100,000
120
744
000
45, 067, 500, 000
120
744
000
46, 750, 319, 000
120
74
-026,120,000
-05,781,000
+1,088, 819, 000
,
,
,
,
,
4, 000
+120, 744, 000
----------------
----------------
47, 682, 445, 000
46, 072, 844, ON
45,188,244, 000
46,877,067,000
-805,382,000
-96,781,000
+1, 688, 810, 000
11,412;650,000
---
----
10,806,060,000
(12
300
000)
10,897,559,000
(12
300
000
10,000,760,000
S
-505,000,000
+I1, 001, 000
}0,101,000
-
--------
_______________
,
,
(64,044,000)
,
,
)
(64,049,000)
p2,
oo, 000)
(54,014,0110)
(+12,300.000)
(+64,044,000)
______--_______.
_
_~_______-__._-_
14,326,271, 000
13,924,000,000
,033,000,000
13
13,6110,000
903,
-362, 771, 000
+30,500,000
---- --- -------
+29 goo
ON
------------ -
18,608,601,000
(8,000,000)
17,550,300,000
(8,600,000
17,473,800,000
(8,600,000
17,473,800,000
(}8,900,000
-1,199,801,000
- -82
500
000
,
,
__________-__
2,634,914,
700
00
(45,Soo, 000
)
2, 776, 741, 000
(45,800,000)
2, 762, 541, 000
(45,800,000)
2, 712, 269, 000
(+40.See, 00o)
+77(368, 000
,
,
---------------
-64, 472, 000
_
___---_---_-__
---
_.-
__.______.000
-- in
,
0,000
1,700,000,000
.
}3,000,000,000
,
'+1,700, NO, NO
47082, 446, 000
_
46, 862,100, 000
120
744
000
45, 067, 500, 000
46, 766, 310, 000
-920,120, 000
.
+1,688,819
010
--
____________
,
,
120,744,000
120,744,000
+120,749,000
.
=
47,682,445,000
46,97844,OOe
46,188,244,000
40,877,063,000
-806,3$2,000
+1,698,819,000
1 Submitted in S. Doc, 45. Not considered by house.
?
Approved For Release-2004/01/1.6.:'CIA- RDP75-00149R000500320619'5
 Approv orWdlease''02004/01/16C2AW- NO0149R60S 00320019=5-
for fiscal year 1966 will provide it total
military st ength of 2,640,226, excluding
the recently announced increase of 340,-
000. Of this number, 953,094 will be
members of the Army, which budgeted
for 16 divisions, 4 armored cavalry regi-
ments, and 7 brigades. The Army will
have an active aircraft inventory of 7,624
planes.
For the Navy, the budget called for
684,848 active duty military personnel.
The Navy plans to have approximately
900 commissioned ships in the fleet,
comprised of 28 carrier air groups, 32
patrol and warning squadrons, and an
active aircraft inventory, including the
Marines, of 8,241.
For the Marine Corps, there is
planned in the budget a total of 193,190
active duty military personnel, including
3 Marine divisions and 3 air wings.
For the Air Force, the budget called
for 809,134 active duty military person-
nel. These personnel would man 74 com-
bat wings, including missile wings, and
112 combat support flying: squadrons.
There was budgeted an active aircraft
inventory of 13,706 planes for the Air
Force.
I now refer especially to what we call
In this bill the $1.7 billion Southeast
Asia Emergency Fund. This item was
submitted by the President in a supple-
mental request after the bill had already
passed the House.
In discussing the items that are in-
cluded in that bill, I believe I can make
it clearer by first outlining the items the
$1.7 billion does not include.
The first item that is not covered by
the $1.7 billion is those funds to pro-
vide for the 340,000 additional military
personnel which it is now planned to add
to our present military strength. The
expense of bringing those men into the
service and taking care of that expense
will be paid for through section 612(c)
of the bill now before us. Section 612 is
to a degree a transcription of the
provision first included in the bill at the
time of the Berlin buildup several years
ago.
It has been included as an emergency
authority in every appropriation bill
since then, but it has not been since
fiscal year 1962. Its present utilization
will provide for the expenses of bringing
in the additional men. A direct appro-
priation will have to be made for it some
time later.
This expense will start now and will
continue until the 340,000 men are added,
which will be approximately a year from
now, or September 1966. Therefore, the
expense will be at a mounting rate. On
the average, the personnel costs will be
approximately at the rate of $5,000 per
man on a 12-month basis. The money
will be appropriated in a supplemental
bill.
and bases in southeast Asia. For the
Marine Corps, the three division and air-
craft wings. will be augmented by 30,000
personnel. For the Air Force, the 8-52
bomber, the tactical fighter, and the
troop carrier squadrons will be aug-
mented; a reconnaissance squadron
scheduled to be phased out will be re-
tained; and airlift utilization capability
will be increased. In addition, increased
readiness is planned for the Reserve
components, with the size of the Army
Reserve increase still to be determined.
I mention this now because everyone
has the right to know exactly what the
complete picture is, and what the Ap-
propriations Committee is doing about it.
Therefore, in effect, we are approving
the idea of financing the cost of these
added men in this way.
I wish to point out two other items
which are not financed in this measure.
First, it does not contain any funds for
the pending pay increase for military
personnel, which will be funded from the
amounts available until after the start
of the next calendar year. Second, it
does not contain the full funding re-
quired for the vigorous prosecution of
the war in Vietnam. The $700 million
supplemental passed last May merely
enabled the Department to balance the
books for fiscal year 1965. The $1.7 bil-
lion amendment to this present bill will
ease the financial drain in certain pro-
curement and military construction
programs, but it is not intended to fi-
nance the actual combat operations.
Much of this expense is found in what
we call the personnel and operation and
maintenance cost-that is, 0.' & M.-of
operation of the services. Under the
item of "personnel" are included the
salaries and traveling expenses of men
and the subsistence of enlisted person-
nel. The operation and maintenance
item includes almost everything else in
the way of general expense, the actual
operation of the Department. The op-
erations associated with combat in
southeast Asia are not included in this
$1.7 billion.
Again, the extra cost which goes with
that war will be financed temporarily
through section 612(a), which permits
the President to spend money that is ap-
propriated for the general program, and
to spend it in advance rather than on a
quarterly basis, to anticipate from one
quarter to another, and spend more than
one quarter of it, say, in the the first
quarter.
That method is not unusual or ex-
traordinary, and will eventually be taken
care of in a supplemental bill.
Furthermore, the $1.7 billion does not.
Include all the procurement dollars now
contemplated as needed for this war at
its present rate of operation. No one
knows how much that figure will do-
For the Army, an increase of 235,000 velop into. We do not know how many
military personnel is contemplated, in- airplanes we may lose. We do not know
eluding one new division, three brigades, to what extent the war will be carried
aviation companies, and combat support on, what the tempo will be, or at what
forces. For the Navy, an increase of level.. However, we do know enough
35,000 is contemplated, certain ships about it to know that the $1.7 billion will
will be retained in the active fleet, other not be enough to cover the extra costs of
ships will be activated, and manning that war for the rest of this fiscal year.
No.167-8 : .
Approved For Release 2004/01116 : CIA-R0P75-00149R000500320019-5
for shortages of equipment which may
be found in any of our other divisions.
Nor is there any new money in the bill
to cover the creation of any new divi-
sion which will be included in the 340,-
000 additional troops I have already men-
tioned. Out of that will come at least
one new division for the Army.
On the affirmative side, the $1.7 bil-
lion for the southeast Asia emergency
fund will provide the funds that are
needed immediately for the procurement
of such expendable items as bombs.
rockets, conventional ammunition, and
small weapons. It includes funds for
advanced procurement necessary to sup-
port an increase in the production of
fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters of
the types that are being used in south-
east Asia. Substantial funds are in-
cluded for the procurement of spare And
repair parts to support the operations
of aircraft and other weapons being used
there. Funds are also included for the
construction of a limited number of high
priority facilities most of which are
located in southeast Asia.
We have an itemized list of the items
supplied by the Department of Defense
in our files. Much of it is classified, of
course, and we cannot place it in the
Rncoao, but it is available for any Sen-
ator to examine.
So far as security will permit, we shall
be glad to answer any questions later
that any Senator wishes to ask. Any
answers that we cannot give in open de-
bate we will supply to any Senator who
is interested before he casts his vote.
I should like to add a few words at this
point, which represent more or less my
own ideas, with reference to the picture
in south Asia and the need for the funds
and equipment which go with it, and
other related needs.
While the situation in Vietnam and
the mounting tempo of our operations
there are foremost in the minds of all
of us, it is well to bear in mind that this
bill provides funds for our military forces
worldwide. The amount recommended
is the minimum amount required to in-
sure that we maintain a superior defense
posture and are provided with the mili-
tary assets and resources which are vital
to insuring the safety and integrity of
this Nation now and in the future. As I.
have already indicated, it is my judg-
ment that it will The adequate for that
purpose only with the addition of sub-
stantial amounts early next year.
It must be recognized that, unless the
situation changes suddenly and drasti-
cally, next January will find us faced
with a substantially larger request for
supplemental funding. This will be re-
quired to replace personnel and opera-
tions and maintenance funds expended
from the regular appropriation, to pro-
cure additional equipment, weapons and
war consumables both for Vietnam and
for our other forces around the world,
and to fund the military pay increase.
Furthermore, sooner or later we are
going to have to provide the funds to
replace equipment and materiel diverted
to Vietnam, to reconstitute our strategic
reserve, to supply existing shortages of
 App?hW For Release 2004/01/16 qM X1'9 &26ffi*~TE August"25, 1965
equipment and weapons, and to forestall still believe there is a long, bloody road
even more serious problems and defi- ahead, but I am encouraged to believe
ciencies. I do not Propose to discuss this that we have made a step forward.
in detail at this time but I am convinced I am glad to yield to the Senator from
that there are substantial problems in Massachusetts.
this area which, if neglected, could be- Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the
come critical. I do not believe that they Senator. I wished to state, in further-
are critical at the present time. They ance of what the Senator has said on
will not be overcome merely by denying this question, that if we do not stand
that they exist. firm, and if we do not support our men
VIETNAM OUR FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE morally and physically and with equip-
Mr. President, with respect to the sit- ment, we shall have to support more men
uation in Vietnam, this is a matter which with more equipment In some other place
has concerned me greatly, particularly In the world. We must show that we can
during this calendar year. The battle- stand firm and that we will stand firm
lines there have now become the very in Vietnam.
first line of defense for our Nation. I Mr. STENNIS. The Senator has stated
do not have too much patience with the it very well. I am certainly not happy
argument as to how we got there. I was about having to do this. However, we
Interested in that argument a year ago. are there. If we run out or back out or
Frankly, I did not favor our going in are pushed out, we shall only be borrow-
there, but I have no Patience with that ing trouble for which we will have to pay
argument now, since we are committed, with compound interest in other places
and our boys are fighting and dying in the world in the future, and perhaps
there every day and night. Our fight- not too far in the future.
ing men there are locked in a battle for The one honorable alternative avail-
our own freedom, security, and safety. able to us under the present circum-
This is an important and vital fact. It stances is to stand our ground unflinch-
should always be remembered. Our ingly.
People should be reminded of it more Tragically, this means sending our
frequently. boys to fight and die In mountain high-
I do not wish to be understood as say- lands and steaming jungles. It also
ing that we alone can protect and defend means that we must bear the burden of
all of non-Communist Asia, or even all higher and higher costs and greater and
of non-Communist southeast Asia greater appropriations.
against Asian Communist aggression. Our fighting men in Vietnam deserve
I do not believe this can be done with- the gratitude and tribute of all Ameri
out substantial assistance in men, cans' and freedom-loving people every-
money, and materiel from the other free , where. They fight for the cause of free-
world nations. There is a crucial need dom.
for a strong common effort by nations I have no Illusions. I have tried to be
which have a common interest in the realistic. As I said some moments ago,
cause of freedom. when we first went in, my advice was to
However, we have now selected Viet- the contrary. However, we chose to
nam where we will make a stand. As make a stand there and to fight. Our
matters have developed over the years, men are highly skilled, highly trained,
there is now no realistic alternative to and Possess excellent morale.
standing firm and providing our fight- The fine morale of our boys is the
ing men with all the arms and equip- brightest thing in the clouds over there
ment they need. Our flag and our men that we have seen all year. Our enlisted
are on the battleline there, and we are men, some of them merely, boys, the
deeply and heavily committed. We older, more mature enlisted men, the
must stay with our men in uniform and Young officers, the middle-aged officers,
support then in every respect. We and the senior officers all have this fine
must support then not only in money morale. I have been deeply impressed
and materiel, but also with moral sup- with the uniformaily high morale that
port and unity among ourselves, as their the reports show. Once again they are
representatives and the representatives proving that the American soldier is a
of the people from which they come. magnificent fighting man who is com-
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, pletely dedicated to the security and sur-
will the Senator yield? vival of his country. Upon us, and upon
Mr. STENNIS. I yield. First, how- Americans in all walks of life, there de-
ever, let me add this thought. The Sen- volves the responsibility to support them
ator from Massachusetts and I have at- in every respect and to endure any sacri-
tended a great many hearings in the flee which is necessary to ensure that
course of the year. We know the dark they do not lack for any equipment,
side of the Picture. We have had a weapons or material necessary to enable
chance to know about it as well as most them to do their job with maximum
persons in Washington, though not all, efficiency.
and I have been frankly discouraged I say this with emphasis. This not
about it-not hopeless, but discouraged, only means fighting materiel and equip-
I believe that last week, a turn in the ment and uniforms, but also morale at
most recent battle in Vietnam has meant home and unity at home, and the avoid-
even more than its Immediate content. ante of small issues.
I believe that we are getting our feet Every Member of this body, has the
on the ground, so to speak. Our men greatest freedom to argue for what he
are getting a grip on things, and are believes are the merits of various prob-
understanding the situation much better lems or issues. I hope this will always
as to what the nature of the warfare be a free forum. However, so far as sup-
. there Is and what they are up against. I porting our men out there is concerned no critical shortage.
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and standing behind them and not en-
tertaining any idea of running out or
being pushed out, I hope there will be no
argument about those things. We must
Stand, and stand as one.
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I yield.
Mr. COOPER. I am sure that all of us -
join the Senator in the sentiments he
has expressed about the fighting quality
and the morale of our armed services.
I direct my questions to the adequacy
of supplies for those who are fighting in
Vietnam. I have heard the Senator com-
ment on this subject on several occasions,
and he has always been forthright. He
said months ago that we were at war.
In his television appearance 2 weeks ago
on "Meet the Press," he was very forth-
right and candid in his discussion of the
situation in Vietnam.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator.
Mr. COOPER. Charges have been
made to the effect that there are short-
ages of equipment and supplies for our
men in Vietnam. Does he intend to
speak about the charge during this
debate?
Mr. STENNIS. If I may answer the
Senator, I have spoken before about
shortages-not critical shortages, in our
other divisions, back home, with refer-
ence to spare parts, and items of that
kind. The Senator from Mississippi has
always emphasized that the shortages do
not apply to our men in Vietnam. I do
not believe there are any shortages
there, or have been, of any equipment or
suplffes, or of food or medical supplies
or ammunition or planes. Everything
needed by our fighting men is supplied.
Under certain circumstances, in a par-
ticular location, perhaps for a few hours
or perhaps a day or two, when the men
had been out off, supplies may not have
been exactly where they were needed,
but generally our men are well supplied
and have been. I do not see any prospect
of anything like that happening. Our
concern has been with respect to the
drain that the war has been on our other
divisions. Now it is being taken care in
part by the $1.7 billion appropriation.
The situation has been improved during
the past 2 months.
Mr. COOPER. I am glad to hear the
Senator's comment on this most impor-
tant question that there is no shortage
of supplies for the members of our armed
services in Vietnam.
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is cor-
rect. I do not think there is any doubt
about that.
Mr. COOPER. The Senator has men-
tioned the drain on the aggregate of.
our military supplies. Is the situation
such that there is danger that there will
be shortages of supplies during the rest of
the year or in the next year?
Mr. STENNIS. No. Most fortunate-
ly, the shortcomings that we have can
be overcome with the enormous capacity
that we have for the production of these
very items. I believe that the fill-in
will be available when needed. The sit-
uation was developing to a point where
it could have become critical. How-
ever, I have always said that there was
 ApproAH R feaW!%O4/01/16: 6 -69 AG8&M bS-%NATE
Mr. COOPER. The Senator has said
the $1.7 billion additional appropriation
will help maintain the supplies that are
needed. Is it sufficient?
Mr. STENNIS. Yes. I pointed out
certain items that are not included, and
it will require more in January or Feb-
ruary.
But, of course, $1.7 billion will be a
great help. The Committee on Appro-
priations urges that the same requests be
made for those funds. I thank the Sen-
ator.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Will the Sena-
tor yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I am happy to yield to
the Senator from Massachusetts.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I wish to add
that, we have evidence from the military
mon Ihentselves and from the clvilla ns
It clam.,' of the Alilitory Estahli:auneut.
that them are no prosrnt...horh,ars, and
k.._ T _ CO rt' it sure, not
viny that bile military there are well sup-
plied, but that supplies and the equip-
ment are not drained from our other
divisions, and that our other divisions
are kept in a proper state and quality of
readiness, which they may lack at the
present time because of the amount of
equipment that is going to Vietnam. But
there is no present shortage in Vietnam,
and I believe there will be none if the
Senate passes this bill and takes care of
the supplemental appropriation in Jan-
uary.
Mr. COOPER. I hope the Senator is
correct. I remember that, despite the
great commitment in Korea, there were
continual charges of shortages; and after
the war was over, an investigation was
held by a subcommittee of the Armed
Services Committee on which I served.
He will remember that it disclosed that
there had -been critical shortages in
Korea. General Van Fleet and others
testified that there had been shortages
which had adversely affected our mili-
tary action in Korea.
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is en-
tirely correct: and we are trying to avoid
that, situation now. We appreciate the
Senator's support.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that I be allowed to yield to the
Senator from Massachusetts for such
time as he may require.
The PRESIDING OFFICER, There
being no objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the
Senator from Mississippi. I should like
to add a few more thoughts to the state-
ment he has Just made. As I have said,
the Senator from Mississippi is one of
the most conscientious and hard-work-
ing Senators, and has given greatly of
his time and abilities to reporting what
I believe is a proper bill for maintaining
our Defense Department,
As he has said, the committee has
taken care of the immediate needs in
Vietnam by this $1.7 billion appropria-
tion, and we must expect a substantial
Supplemental appropriation in January,
not only to cover our needs 1n Vietnam
and the needs of our military every-
where, but also to take care of the in-
creased pay bill, which in itself will cost
a billion dollars a year.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
for his remarks and for the time, atten-
tion, counsel, and Judgment that he has
so generously given the committee all
these months. Hearings on this bill
began some time in early February, and
have continued at intervals until just a
few days ago. The Senator from Mas-
sachusetts has been present without fail,
and has rendered valuable, outstanding
service, based upon his years of experi-
ence as well as his dedication in this and
every other field.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I appreciate
what the Senator has said. It is always
easy and agreeable to cooperate with
him.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
the committee considered programs
totnlhur nearly $50 billion, including $1.7
tvlllen for III,, ::outhen:a Asia emergency
iund \v1tleh woo submitted after the
House had acted on this appropriation
measure. As I have stated, the funds
provided for in this bill will meet the
needs of the military and the Depart-
ment of Defense, exclusive of military
assistance, military construction and
Civil Defense, which will be considered
in other appropriations bills. Included
in this total are approximately $47 bil-
lion for programs which are to be fi-
nanced from budget estimates for new
obligational authority and $3 billion an-
ticipated to be available from sources
other than new obligational authority.
That is, transfers from working capital
funds, unobligated balances available
from prior years, recoupments from prior
year Programs, and funds derived from
sale of military equipment. In addition,
the committee considered requests for
reappropriations and funds for liquida-
tion of contract authority in the amount
of more than $120 million for the three
services.
The appropriations recommended by
our committee are more than $95 mil-
lion below the budget request for new
obligational authority and more than
$1.6 billion net over the House allowance,
of which $1.7 billion is for the new
southeast Asia emergency fund. When
this amount is excluded the recom-
mendations of our committee are more
than $11 million below the total appro-
priations provided in the House bill.
I will only mention a few of the items
considered by our committee; namely,
the elimination of the restrictions placed
by the House on the Permanent change
of station travel for the Army, Navy,
Marine Corps, and the Air Force. That
educational, and economic advancement
of those persons who have been found
ineligible for military service for one
reason or another.
The committee did not take a position
with respect to the realinement of the
National Guard and Army Reserve com-
ponents. It felt that separate legislation
should be enacted in order to bring this
about. The committee appropriated the
fund for the National Guard and Army
Reserve components on the same basis
as heretofore. It recommended a provi-
sion in the bill to implement through the
appropriations any reorganization that
is approved by Congress through the en-
actment of law.
We have Included a provision that If
a new law is passed and approved by
the President, these funds can be trans-
ferred to carry out the requirements
of the new law. But essentially, this
bill provides for the National Guard and
the Army Reserve in the way that they
have heretofore been provided for.
The committee provided $100 mil-
lion, $50 million below the budget re-
quest, for the emergency fund for the
transfer by the Secretary of Defense with
the approval of the Bureau of the Budg-
et, to any appropriations for military
functions available for research, devel-
opment, test and evaluation or procure-
ment or production related thereto and
in addition $150 million to be used by
the Secretary of Defense upon deter-
mination that such funds can be wisely,
profitably and practically used in the
interest of national defense. These
funds will be derived by transfer from
appropriations available for obligation
during the current fiscal year. These
transfers shall not exceed 7 percent of
the appropriation from which trans-
ferred. In addition there is $200 million
available to transfer from any military
appropriation for the purpose of im-
proving the readiness of the Armed
Forces should the emergency needs of
the military require it.
The Secretary of Defense has almost
$300 million for transfer for research
purposes to improve and modernize' our
equipment, and another $200 million
available for transfer for any immediate
needs of the armed services. The com-
mittee believes this amount has been suf-
ficient in the past and is sufficient for
the present..
I should point out that this bill does
not include funds for personnel costs
resulting from (a) the acceleration of
combat activities in southeast Asia, (b)
obviously is necessary because of the the announced increase of 340,000 men In
Vietnam crisis. Our committee consid- - the active forces, and increases in the
ered the proposal to establish a special reserved forces, (c) the military pay
training enlisted program-STEP-and raise. The above costs will be met under
the committee denied the request for the the authorities in section 612 of the bill
initiation of the STEP program. The and will be the subject of a supplemental
committee took the. position that this request transmitted to the Congress at a
was not a proper program to be admin- later date.
istered by the Army. The committee recommended the dele-
Mr. President, I agree with the action tion of section 538 of the House bill
of the committee, because this training dealing with indirect costs of research
enlisted program, without going into de- grants and the Insertion of language that
tails about ' it, is the responsibility of has appeared in the bill in past years.
other departments of the Government, ' The committee has recommended an
and 'I do not believe the Army ought to allowance of 20 percent for administra-
get into programs that involve the social, tive costs in research work and that will
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 20902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE August 25, 1965
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go to conference between the House and posited occasions our concern over the seeable tequlrements until the Congress re-
the Senate. adequacy of our defense posture. On convenes next January and can act on P.
The committee recommended the in many occasions we have recommended possible fiscal year 1986 supplemental.
elusion of the limitation on ship repairs, the appropriation of additional funds I, for one, strongly doubted the wisdom
alteration and conversion providing that when we have believed the budget re- of this policy. On June 25, I appeared
65 percent of such work shall be per- quests to be inadequate. on this floor and spoke on the inade-
formed In Government shipyards and 35 To cite only one example from a large quacy of the requests which the Depart-
percent in private yards. The Navy has number of such actions, let me remind ment of Defense had presented to the
indicated that they can live with this the Senate of what happened in 1940. committee. At that time, I said:
provision although the Budget recom- Gen. George C. Marshall appeared be- Based upon a careful and extensive study
mended its deletion. fore the committee to justify the Army's and analysis over a period of several months,
Those are the same percentages that request for approximately $860 million in I am compelled to suggest to the Senate and
have been included in the bill for the appropriations for the coming fiscal year. the decisionmakers In the Pentagon that it
past several years. The Navy does not The Nazis had meanwhile overrun Nor- is now time to reexamine the entire fiscal
like it particularly, but they say they way and Denmark and were about to year 1966 defense budget for the purpose of
men fundsmeet
m be , t req
can work under it, so it has been in- launch attacks on Holland and Belgium. our r ou defense that funds e e
our
eluded, and there again, it will go to The committee recognized the made- stepped-up up activities In in Vietnam.
conference, because the House struck out quacy of the budget request, which had unless the budget Is revised upward and
this provision in its bill. been prepared months before. Our re- additional procurement is instituted In the
I should remind the Senate that the vered chairman, Senator HAYDEN, who near future, critical problems could arise In
$1.7 billion emergency fund for south- was a member of the committee at that combat essential firepower, mobility, and
east Asia will temporarily provide the time, took a leading part in urging the communications equipment.
necessary funds required. In January, I Department to make known its needs. I urge the secre of Defense to
ome ary e all the
to o the study
Predict we will be called upon to appro- He remarked, in words which we might talon make an and come t Immediate
Congress ewith entire all th
priate a substantial amount to provide well have used 25 years later: facts and with such revisions in the fiscal
guns, trucks, helicopters, and so forth, Anyone who reads the hearings will note year budget as are necessary to take up the
that will be needed. that the principal discussion is not what slack caused by the heavy unplanned and
On the whole I think that this bill was In the bill, but what ought to be in unprogramed expenditures,
will, for the time being, adequately pro- the bill in order properly to meet the situa- We resumed our hearings on July 14.
vide for the needs of the military serv- tion which confronts us. As a result of On that day and on subsequent days, I
ices. The necessary balance will come hearings more than 2 weeks ago, the com- repeatedly asked the responsible days,
from a supplemental request next year. mittee stated to the representatives of the officers
I heartily join the Senator from year. war Department that, while they might be of the Army, Navy and Air Force as to
Mis- bound by budget limitations, the committee the adequacy of their budget requests,
slsslppi in believing we have provided was not, and the committee desired full In this I was joined by other members of
for the needs of our Armed Forces and information from them In detail as to what the committee. At the time I stated
those who are fighting in Vietnam, and changes should be made in the bill in order that I thought it was a ridiculous situa-
the forces that are equipped In Europe, to accomplish the desired purpose. tion listening to testimony supporting
in this country, and. in other places That committee asked General Mar- requests for purposes for which we knew
around the rest of the world, and I hope shall to go back to the War Department, the funds could not be used if the war in.
that this bill will have the unanimous study the adequacy of our defenses, and Vietnam continued.
support of the Members of the Senate. Come back to the committee with a At that time the Secretary of Defense
I Join the Senator from Mississippi in revised request. He did so, asking for was in Vietnam. Very. shortly after his
the feeling that, for the time being, we funds which almost doubled the previous return a supplemental request for $1.7
have provided for the needs of our request. We had Initiated the impetus billion was submitted to the Senate.
Armed Forces-those which are fighting toward preparedness. The total amount is included in the bill
in Vietnam and those that we are equip- History repeated itself again this year now under consideration. It Is the hope
ping in Europe, in this country, and else- in connection with the war in Vietnam. of the committee that it will prove ade-
where throughout the world. I hope the Subsequent to the presentation of the quate to meet the most important re-
bill will have the unanimous support of budget document and House considera- quirements which could not otherwise be
,the Senate. tion of the bill, American involvement financed until Congress returns in
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, will the intensified in southeast Asia, necessitat- January.
Senator yield? ing the utilization of material and equip- However, I would be less than frank
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I yield. ment earmarked for peacetime uses If I left you with the impression that
Mr. COOPER. Of course, we will sup- elsewhere. To me, and to some of our this sum will finance the war in the
port the bill by providing whatever sums colleagues, It became obvious that it was present fiscal year. It definitely will
are required. But is the Senator able imperative to add substantial funds to not. In this light, the Congress and the
to make any estimate now concerning the this bill if we were to be assured that executive branch must realize that the
sum of additional appropriations that our Military Establishment-apart of war on poverty is not the only war which
will be required by the first of the year? the war In Vietnam-were to be main- we are engaged in at this time. Ameri-
Mr. SALTONSTALL. The Senator tained on the level of readiness indicated can boys are dying every day in Vietnam
from Mississippi has left that question as necessary in the budget request. for American ideals that are as impor-
open, so to speak. However, it would On June 9 the Secretary of Defense taut to us as raising the standard of liv-
not be improper to say that the supple- had written to the chairman of the Ing in local communities. The Depart.
mental bill which will come before Con- House Appropriations Committee a let- wont of Defense has understandably been
press in January will have to provide be- ter which appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL unable to estimate how much will be re-
RECORD on June 23, the day the defense quired for the rest of the year, but it will
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator appropriations bill was being consid- be substantially more than this supple-
from Massachusetts for his remarks. ered by the House. It is too lengthy to mental, which includes only certain pro-
We shall both be glad to answer questions quote in full, but the gist of it appears curement funds and a little construction
to the best of our ability. In the final paragraph: money. As I have previously stated, It
There are certain other subjects that To summarize, the fiscal year 1966 defense does not include any funds for the in-
should be discussed a little more at budget request now before the Congress creases in military personnel announced
length because of their general interest. would provide all the funds we need at this by the President.
SENATE INSISTENCE ON PREPAREDNESS time to continue the strengthening of our I should like now to discuss the major
PINANCING overall military pasture and to carry out changes which your conunittee has made
As a member of the Senate Appropri- whatever combat operations our forces are in the House bill.
ations Committee, I take what I believe overall military posture and to carryout The proposal of the Department of
to be justifiable pride in the fact that the contained In The the bill special a and transfer
the Lhe reprograming Defense to merge the Army Reserve and Committee and' the Senate itself have, arrangements approved by the committees mmittees. the Army National Guard has. received
through the years, demonstrated on re- provide ouf icient flexibility to meet all fore- much attention from Congress during
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 Approve#8YVtR I a49%04/01/16 : 69*W MA0MMAUT9S NATE
the present session. The Senate Pre- I have no plan in mind. I have nothing thank the able Senator from Massachu-
paredness Subcommittee and a subcom- to suggest. I have no thought except setts. I should like to get an interpreta-
mittee of the House Armed Services what I have just expressed. tion from the able Senator from Missis-
Committee have held extensive hear- I invite the attention of the members sippi on that point. .
ings on the proposal. The Department of the subcommittee, especially the I gained the impression that perhaps
of Defense Appropriations Subcommit- Senator from South Carolina [Mr. the Senator from Mississippi felt that if
tees of both Houses have held hearings THURMOND], who is interested and has the conference committee should reach
on the proposal. done some vital thinking concerning the agreement on and bring in a certain pro-
Tile President's budget was based on possibility of such a request being made,. vision, such procedure could be consid-
the realinement, and provided funds for particularly as to the four divisions. I ered as an enactment by law.
a yearend paid drill strength of 575,000 mention this now because we shall be I remember that I moved in the com-
all in the Army National Guard. calling upon him for help. mittee to amend section 640 to insert the
It was made clear during the course The matter could become more acute words "only" before the words, "upon the
of the hearings that substantive legisla- at any time and could become greatly approval by the Congress," and "here-
tion would be required in order fully to changed before Congress returns in after" after the word "law." I was of the
achieve the goals of the Department's January. I shall be glad to answer any opinion that with those words contained
proposal. No such legislation has been questions later on this point, but those in the bill, it would be clearly specified
reported, and it is highly improbable are the facts of the matter. that there would have to be such legisla-
that such necessary legislation will be The situation has been nailed down tion. I should like to have the benefit of
enacted during this session of Congress. for the time being, as I have already ex the interpretation of the Senator on that
That is the opinion of the Senator from plained, by providing language that if provision. That was the purpose in add-
Mississippi. some other plan is adopted, the Secretary ing those two words, as the Senator from
In view of the lack of legislation and would have the authority to transfer Massachusetts has so cogently brought
the likely possibility that certain ele- funds to carry out the plan. out.
ments of the Army Reserve components It is possible that some other plan Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I shall
might be called to active duty, it was the might be proposed which would appeal be glad to answer the Senator as fully as
view of the committee that the Army to the conferees; I do not know. I as- I can.
Reserve forces should be maintained at sure Senators that there is no disposition In the first place, let us take the nega-
their present strength of approximately on my part or the part of other conferees tive side. I do not see how we could en-
270,000 in the Army Reserve and 380,000 to reach any kind of agreement without act any language in the Senate that
in the Army National Guard. consultation. would be binding on the House, I do not
There has been what is called strength . Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, will see any way that the Senate conferees
authorization of 300,000 In the Army Re- the Sentor yield? could guarantee that they would bring
serve and 400,000 in the Army National Mr. STENNIS. I yield. . back only the language contained in the
Guard, but the figures of 270,000 in the Mr. THURMOND. I hope the confer- Senate bill on this subject and nothing
Army Reserve and 380,000 in the Army once committee will not agree to any else. Our system of legislation would not
National Guard are approximately the plan that would provide for the transfer permit such action.
present level of strength. Those figures of personnel and funds, because the Sec- That is the reason that I emphasize
were used as a floor, not a ceiling. To retary of Defense would then be accom- that such a thing is possible. I do not
accomplish this, the committee recom- plishing in an indirect way or through want it to happen, but it is possible that
mends appropriations totaling $960.5 the backdoor, so to speak, what he has the conferees could come forth with
million for the support of the Army Re- failed to accomplish through the front- something different, and they would have
In the event that Congress, through I feel that legislation such as that per- ator, the Senator could, under our rules,
the enactment of law, approves a reor- taming to the Reserve-Guard question obtain a separate vote on that particular
ganization or realignment of the Army should be determined by the Senate on point. I would certainly favor a sepa-
Reserve components, the committee has its own merits and not intermingled with rate vote on that point. So, in effect, it
recommended the inclusion in the bill of the main bill. would mean that no language in a meas-
a provision for the necessary authority I thank the Senator. ure could be passed by the Senate with-
to transfer funds to implement such a Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I thank out a separate vote on the particular
reorganization. the Senator for his suggestions. The language with reference to his subject
That question will be in conference on Senator from Mississippi would rather matter.
this bill. The Senator from Mississippi that this be done as a straight, orthodox Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I
understands, but has not had it outlined legislative process. However, I must thank the Senator for making that point.
to him-neither did the committee- make the point that we cannot close our I believe it is an important point to be
that there will still be another request eyes to situations that may develop. brought out a this time.
by the Department of Defense for some Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I believe that the able Senator would
such treatment on this subject, particu- will the Senator yield? agree that if the language contained in
laxly to enable the Department to bring Mr. STENNIS. I yield, the bill now could be retained, there
up to full strength four of the. National Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, would have to be separate legislation
Guard divisions that are now at about 80 I invite the attention of the Senator from hereafter to provide anything different.
percent of strength. South Carolina to the fact that section Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is Cor-
i do not know what that plan is. I 640 of the bill provides that only upon rect.
do not know whether the proposal will the approval by the Congress, through Mr. THURMOND. The question is
be limited to that group or just what the enactment of law hereafter, of a re- whether we can maintain that language
it will be. But something may have to be alinement or reorganization, can the bal- in the bill.
provided in conference. ances be moved around. Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is cor-
In view of the possible callup of those I v anted to make it clear that a con- rect.
four divisions, or even more, or parts ference committee could not move them Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I
of the four divisions, an acute situation around without the enactment of a law. express the sincere hope that the able
is presented, as Senators will readily see.. Mr. ?THURMOND. Mr. President, I Senator from Mississippi will exert every
serve components, which is an increase door. If funds and personnel are trans- the authority, subject to the approval of
of $83.3 million over the budget and ferred, that is really all there is to it, in the Senate, to change this language, so
$25.4 million over the House allowances. a way. that we could not make it finally bind-
Furthermore, the committee has rec- I hope that if this proposal is not ing here and now.
ommended the inclusion in the bill of agreeable to the Secretary of Defense, As the Senator from Mississippi under-
provisions to require the Department to legislation will be proposed and con- stands the rules, when the measure
maintain the Army Reserve at an' aver- sidered on its own merits and not brought would come back to the Senate, if there
age strength of not less than 270,000 a:td before us as a part of the conference re- were language contained in the measure
the Army National Guard at an average port on this big defense appropriation which was objectionable to the Senator
strength of not less than 380,000. bill, which is so important to the Nation. from South Carolina or come other Sen-
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possible effort to maintain the language marines a year; This action Is in accord of research grants to something less
placed in the bill by the Senate commit- with the authorization act. than the total costs. The committee
tee. The other item is the $20 million in- based its action on the belief that the
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I thank eluded in the bill for the long-lead time Defense appropriations bill should in no
the Senator. procurement for a nuclear powered wise be considered a subsidy to educa-
I have had no plan presented to me in guided missile frigate. While the budget tion.. Whatever may be the merits of
any way that appeals to me more than does not include any funds for this ship, assistance to colleges and universities in
the language contained in the bill. How- the authorization act did include $150.5 the form of research grants as provided
ever, I recognize that the problem of million. The committee believes that the through other governmental depart-
bringing up those four divisions is on Navy should proceed with the construc- ments, funds for defense should be for
our doorstep, and that perhaps it can. tion of more nuclear-powered surface the purpose of providing for the national
not be deferred altogether until January. ships. It has therefore included the $20 security. The contractual procedure is
I am sure that we see that as a problem million for advanced procurement and always available for out-of-house re-
which is facing us. has urged the Department to include search requirements of the Department
ARMY SPECIAL TRAINING ENLISTMENT PROGRAM funds for construction of this ship in the of Defense.
Returning to my remarks, another fiscal year 1967 budget. The committee believes that the De-
item of general interest is the Army's EMERGENCY FUND Partment of Defense should be bound by
Special Training Enlistment program, The bill has for many years carried an the 20-percent limitation for at least an
commonly referred to as the STEP pro- appropriation designated as an emer- other year. The new plan being tried
gram. For fiscal year 1966 $31.2 million gency fund, which permits the Depart- out by the Department of Health, Edu-
was requested. Under this proposed ment of Defense to transfer cash appro- cation, and Welfare and other agencies
program medical care and educational priations and other funds to support the can be tested. We believe that to be a
training would be given by the : Army exploitation of new scientific develop- complete answer.
to a limited number of individuals who ments and technological breakthroughs ronmsN RESEARCH
do not presently meet Army's medical in the various research, development, Mr. President, the Department of De-
and mental standards, It will be recalled test, and evaluation accounts. The De'- fence has in recent years expanded its
that the Office of Economic Opportunity partment requested for fiscal year 1966, research programs in foreign countries,
through its Job Corps has a somewhat $150 million in appropriations and a like and based on the total effort, the results
similar Program. The Department of amount In transfer authority. The com- have been most favorable. However, the
Defense sought the authority to pro- mittee has provided $100 million in ap- recent experience with the Army's
teed with this program last spring propriations and the budgeted transfer Camelot project has made it clear that
through a reprograming request. This authority of $150 million. It did so after. the Department must coordinate these
request was rejected by the Department it received evidence that substantial sums programs with other departments and
of Defense Subcommittee after a hear- in the appropriation were being trans- agencies of the Federal Government.-
ing and thorough consideration. How- ferred during the last month of the fiscal The chairman of the Foreign Relations
ever, the subcommittee did indicate its year, raising the question as to whether Committee proposed an amendment,
willingness to again consider the pro- the utilization of these funds was based which would require the Secretary of
gram in connection with this bill. Again on emergency breakthroughs based on State to approve all such projects, the
the committee recommends that this pro- new scientific developments or for other chairman of the committee being, of
gram be rejected. The nature of the reasons. The committee strongly be- course, the Senator from Arkansas [Mr.
program is such that it is the view of the lieves that this fund should be used solely - FTLRRIGHT]. That has led to an under-
committee that the Army is not the- for the purpose for which it was set up. standing between the departments that
proper agency of the Government to ad- To do otherwise is to negate the constitu- meets the end the Senator from Arkan-
minister it. Furthermore, and more Ira- tional control of the Congress over appro- sas had in mind. We did not include any
portant, is the fact that the recently an- priations. legislation on the subject, but we are In-
nounced increase of 235,000 in the. OVERSEAS DEPENDENTS SCHOOLS debted to him for a very able presenta-
strength of the Army will Impose a tre- Because of the widespread interest evi- tion and for having brought about the
mendous burden on the existing basic' denced in the overseas dependents school , compromise arrangement. Not being
and advanced training facilities. For situation, I wish to describe brieflwhat able to be present, he asked that I 1n-
example, the STEP program would uti- y
gn
lize almost 100 percent of the training regard. action the The e committee committee e has taken recommends in that mends nt elude a of f Defense ememorandum
ororeign
reseaby him rch arch in on foreign
capacity of Fort Leonard Wood, Moe
which is one of the Army's most modern., that the Per pupil limitation of $285 be- Policy matters. I ask unanimous con
training facilities. increased to $455. This is consonant sent that the Senator's statement t appear
with the budget request and House ac- at the end of my remarks.
An amendment will be offered to re- tion, It will provide the teachers with a The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
store this provision to the bill. I believe. $300 annual pay raise, for which funds out objection, It is so ordered.
that the discussion of that matter can are included in the appropriate appro- (See exhibit 1.)
come at that time. .. p lotions. In addition, the committee
NAVY SIITPDIIILDINO PROGRAM Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
has pointed out in its report that if pend- Senator yield?
There are two items Included in the Ing legislation is enacted providing fur- Mr. STENNIS. I am glad to yield to
Navy's shipbuilding program which I ther pay increases, the committee expects the Senator from Oregon. I have a few
should call to the attention of the Gen- the to toko the ?
ate. The first is an increase of $133.6 action to prevent any curtailment in the more remarks to make on the high points
of
million for the construction of two addi- level of operations of the schools. This the bill.
tional nuclear Powered attack sub- It can do under existing laws. Mr. MORSE. The statement of the,
marines. The budget included funds for Virtually the full amount for research Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHTI
only four, even though the Department and development 1s provided in the bill is of great importance and has given me
had advised the Congress that the rate - for the three services, as authorized in' a great deal of 'trouble with regard to the
of production would continue at six for the authorization bill. report. I would like to comment on it,
several years. Let me add that the Joint RESEARCH GRANTS but I am willing to accommodate Sen-
Chiefs of Staff unanimously recom- ators.
mended the funding of six attack sub- The committee has recommended that - Mr. STENNIS. I shall be glad to have
marines during fiscal 1966. During the the limitation on indirect costs of re- the Senator make his comment. I wish
hearings it was clearly established that search grants be continued at 20 per- to make a few more remarks on the most
the submarine threat to American con- cent, with the same language as was in. important points-of the bill.
trol of the seas had not lessened. In view the law for fiscal year 1965. The De- ' There Is a limitation on repair funds
of this fact it was the opinion of the - partment had requested that this section for ships with respect to the 65-3,5 for-'
committee that we. should continue the be deleted, and the' House had Included'- mula that has been in effect for several
construction of six nuclear attack sub a provision which limited the direct costs years.
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That will be discussed In the debate NUCLEAR TESTING SAFEGUARDS Project Camelot had a budget of $450,000
later. I shall defer any explanation of Mr. President, the hearings of the Sen- for the second half of fiscal year 1965 and
million
it until that question arises. ate Preparedness Subcommittee on the jected cost over for 3 fiscal to 1966. The total Pro- 4 it was to be about
ADVANCED MANNED STRATEGIC AIRCRAFT nuclear test ban treaty led to the estab- gs million. The project wan cancelled in the
-
It is not necessary to review the posi- lishment of four specific safeguards to wake of protests by Members of Congress and
tion the Congress has taken with respect be followed in connection with the treaty. by Ambassador Dungan. So far as is known,
to the development of a new manned These safeguards are: SORO has not been. required to turn back
bomber to replace the aging B-52 fleet. First. The conduct of comprehensive, unexpended funds provided for Camelot. I
aggressive, and continuing underground do not know what the Army plane to do with
However, it is well known that the legis- agaggg any funds available to it for Camelot but
lative branch has on several occasions nuclear test programs. not yet turned over to SORO. I trust we can
provided the necessary funds to step up Second. The maintenance of modern take it for granted that any such funds will
the development of such an aircraft. nuclear laboratory facilities and pro- not be turned over to SoRO.
It Is now clear that the Air Force will grams in theoretical and exploratory Project Camelot gave great offense to the
have to depend on something less than nuclear technology. Chilean press and intellectual leaders and,
an aircraft developed specifically for the Third. The maintenance of the facili- presumably, to the Chilean Government as
strategic bombing mission to replace the ties and resources necessary .to institute well. The reason for Its offensiveness is ob-
promptly nuclear tests in the atmosphere vious to anyone with an Iota of common-
. This will probably a odffica- sense and it seems to me it should also have
ties of the F-111 aircraft t. However, should they be deemed essential to our been obvious to the highly trained this to no way lessens the requirement national interest. "scien-
tists" at American University, as well as to
to proceed with the full development of Fourth. The improvement of our ca- the Army. At a time when United States-Lat-
an advanced manned strategic aircraft. Pabllity to monitor the treaty, to detect in American relations are complicated by our
The committee recommendation in- violations, and to maintain our knowl- intervention in the Dominican Republic, it
eludes $22 million in new obligational edge of Sino-Soviet nuclear activity ca- is not surprising that a project like Camelot
pabilities, and achievements. should be interpreted as having some perti-
uthoritY a advanced for the manned development of the The implementation of these safe- Hence to a possible future U.S. military inter-
which is an increase of $7 strategic million aircraft over , guards is a Joint responsibility of the De- vention in Chile in the event of a revolution.
which In any case, studies of possible insurgency
the budget estimate. In addition, there Pai-tment of Defense and the Atomic movements within a country are an exceed-
is available from prior year programs Energy Commission. The recommends- ingly dentate matter. I can well imagine
$24 million to provide for a total effort tions of the committee Include $243.2 how Members of the Senate might react if
million for the activities of the Depart- it were announced that Chilean or British
The $46 Secretary million of f De during fiscal seal has year v advised sed ment of Defense in this most important, or French "scientists" were initiating a study
The the conditions that might give rise to
the committee that the increase of $7 program. I can assure the Members of racial insurgency in Los Angeles or any other
million over the budget estimate will be the Senate that this sum is adequate to American city and what might be done to
used during fiscal year 1966. allow the Department to meet in full its prevent it.
Mr. President, a decision on the devel- responsibilities in carrying out these safe- Although Camelot has been canceled,
opment of this aircraft must be made guards. other Department of Defense research prof-
next year. It was the unanimous de- The committee has made a number of acts are planned or underway in other Latin
cision of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that other relatively minor changes in the American countries, including Colombia,
the Department proceed with the proj- House bill which are fully covered in the Peru, and Venezuela.
ect definition phase of the development committee report, which you have before I am personally concerned with such proj-
yon. However, I shall be happy to at- ects as Camelot because I believe there lies
of the advanced manned strategic air-
craft during fiscal tempt to answer any question which may beneath the jargon of "science" In which
year 1966. Gen . John arise these studies abound a reactionary, back-
McConnell, Chief of Staff of the Air ward-looking policy opposed to change. Im-
Exnmrr I Force, in discussing the decision on the STATEMENT BY SENATOR J. W. FULRRIGHT ON plicit in Camelot, as in the concept of "coun-
development of this aircraft, said: termnur," is n a that oathe
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE RESEARCH IN FGA- lute y movement ts are rS dangerous gerous to the
I think we can delay it until fiscal year EIGN CN Policy Poi.icr MATTERS interests mots of the United States and that the
1967 at the latest. I wish to comment briefly on the action United states must be prepared to assist, if
The record is clear, Mr. President. taken by the Appropriations Committee con- not actually participate in, measures to re-
The Congress and the executive branch cerning research financed by the Department press them, It may be that I am mistaken
of the Government must make a de- of Defense which touches on foreign policy in this interpretation; if so, I would be,
cision on this matter in the next session matters. greatly reassured to have convincing evidence
OP the Congress. Two months ago, it came to light that the to that effect.
Special Operations Research Office of Ameri- I ask unanimous consent that there be In-
NINE x can University, an activity which the Army sorted in the RECORD two documents provided
Another important decision which created and supports, was preparing to con- by the Department of the Army, one a fact
must be made next year is that of the duct research in Chile involving delicate sheet, the other a task statement on Project
deployment of an antiballistic missile questions of our relations with that country. Camelot.
system, commonly referred to the Nike Neither our Ambassador nor the Chilean Following disclosure of the ambitious plans
X, Government was consulted in advance about for Camelot and its cancellation by the Do.
the project and both apparently learned of partment of Defense, the President, by letter,
The committee's recommendations in- it from an article in a Chilean newspaper, directed the Secretary of State to establish
elude approximately $400 million for the The Chilean project, it developed, was only , procedures for clearing all Government-
continued development of the Nike X a small part in a much more ambitious supported research involving foreign policy
system. This sum includes a small operation called "Project Camelot" matters. This letter sets a clear and direct
amount for "preliminary production Camelot was described in a "fact sheet" policy for all agencies, which should insure
engineering." provided by the Department of the Army that an Incident like Project Camelot will
as a "basic social science research project on not happen again, to the embarrassment of
Let me point out that the Joint Chiefs preconditions of internal conflict, and on the Nation's foreign policy. I ask unani-
of Staff unanimously recommended the effects of indigenous, governmental actions- mous consent to have the President's letter
inclusion of substantialProduction funds easing, exacerbating or resolving-on those printed in the RECORD following my remarks.
in fiscal year 1966 for the Nike X. This preconditions." This language seems to This directive accomplishes the purpose I
recommendation was rejected by the De- mean that Camelot was intended as a study had in mind in proposing an amendment to
partment of Defense. The Secretary of of conditions that give rise to revolution and the defense appropriation bill when it was
Defense, in discussing this matter, said: that might be done about them. pending before the Senate committee. I
This project was but one aspect of this understand that the question was discussed
We plan to reexamine the question of pro- organization's research work for the Army. at length by the committee and I am pleased
duction and deployment of the Nike X sys- SORO's work was described by Dr. Valiance, that it included language in its report ex.
tern again next year. Considering the vast its director, as concerning" - ? ? mainly the pressing its concern about, the need for co-
amnount of development, test and evaluation relationships with the peoples of the devel- ordination in keeping with the President's
work still to be accomplished, deferral of this _ oping countries and deals with problems of order. The report makes mention of a di-
decision to fiscal year 1067 budget should not . aiding In the orderly process of social change rectlve issued by the Secretary of Defense,
delay an initial operational capability by and national development which is of con- designed to implement the President's in-
many months beyond what we could expect cern to the U.S. Military Establishment" structions, and I ask unanimous consent
to achieve if we were to start production in The Army provided $2,463,000 in the last AS- that this letter be printed in the RECORD
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 and I am hopeful that it will follow up to (1022), Butler University (English); M.A. studies to be planned within each of the four
insure that the Department of Defense Is (1925), Butler University (comparative re- areas will be the following:
indepd carrying out the letter and the spirit ligion); Ph. D. (1943), University of Texas (1) Model construction: The first major
of the President's order for coordination. I (sociology). Senior staff scientist at SORG. effort of the task will be to construct a con-
can assure the Senate that the Committee Previous experience and publications: chair- ceptual scheme or analytic model which will -
on Foreign Relations will have a continuing than, department of sociology and anthropol- Identify parameters of social systems to be
interest in this problem. ogy, Brooklyn College; visiting professor of studied in detail for an understanding of so-
Beyond the immediate implications of this sociology under Fulbright program, National cial conflict, and will relate the findings of
incident, broader issues have been raised University of Buenos Aires; visiting profes- such studies to the operational objectives.
concerning Government-financed research sor of sociology under Smith-Mundt Act, Na- Three types of studies may be indicated: re-
generally. The Federal Government is now tional University of Paraguay, Asuncion del views of previous attempts based on the most
spending some $15 billion a year on research Paraguay; visiting professor of sociology, No- relevant of past work modified by findings
and devcolpment. Over $6.7 billion is tional University of Mexico (four summers); of this task applicable to the current opera-
budgeted for Department of Defense research member of faculty, Department of Sociology, tional need, and simulation studies of par-
in fiscal 1966. University of Texas, and of the Institute of titular aspects of conflict. During the life of
All too often, it seems that research 1s Latin. American Studios; member of staff and the task, the new model will be modified and
used by Government agencies either, for treasurer, Colegio of International, Asuncion refined as results from all areas of study sug-
prestige and growth purposes, or as a sub- del Paraguay; publications on violent social gest improvements. At the final stage, this
stitute for positive dectsionmaking. This Is change and sociology in Latin America. model will be used as a guide for the trans-
both an unhealthy and a costly trend and lation of research findings into a set of
I believe that Congress should take a hard TAsx STATEMENT specifications for an information storage and
look at all Government research activities. 1. Task title: "Methods for predicting and retrieval system which can be tested for suit-
I note, for example, that nearly $23 mil- influencing social change and internal war ability as a scientific base for operational and
lion is budgeted this year for research on potential" (Camelot). policy planning.
behavioral and social sciences by the De- 2. Sponsor: OCRD. (2) Indicator analysis: Based on param-
fense Department, $8.3 million of this 3. Consumers: DCSOPS, OCRD, ACSI, eters identified in the model, studies of
amount was allocated to the Army and out CDC, all commando conducting counter' Indicators of internal war potential will fall
of this, $2.7 million was to finance work of insurgency. In the following areas:
the Special Operations Research Office. The 4. Principal Investigator: To be deter- (A) Studies of, societal processes will be
House and the Senate committees have re- mined, done to determine the underlying nature of
duced the total of this type of research by ' Location of main effort: Washington, D.C., social conflict, including both the character-
about
$4 million and I fully support this and Latin America. istics of cleavage formation within a society,
action. Project Camelot, I fear, is illustra- 5. Scope: and the nature of adjudication processes.
tive of the expendable nature of most of this (a) Objective of research: Toy assist the (B) Preconditions of Internal war will be
research. Army in planning for appropriate advisory studied both empirically and analytically.
My concern 1s not limited to this $23 mil- and assistance operations in developing na- This will include indicators emphasizing in-
lion budget request but goes to the contribu- tions by testing, in relation to one country, tellectual factors (e.g., ideology), economic
tion to our society from the $15 billion spent the feasibility of developing a social systems factors (e.g., changes in standard of living),
for Government research. Is this 15 percent model which will give the following capabil- political factors (e.g., relative strength of
of our Federal budget being spent as wisely ities: Incumbents and potential Insurgents), and
and usefully as it should be? This is a basic (1) Measurement of Internal war poten- societal processes (e.g., rapid social change).
problem which the Congress has allowed to tial: a means for identifying, measuring, and (C) The processes by which conflicts and
grow to gargantuan proportions with insufh- forecasting the potential for internal war. preconditions are transformed into internal
oient consideration and evaluation. The (2) Estimation of reaction effects: a means war can be studied in the changing relation.
question of sound priorities must be faced for estimating the relative effectiveness of ship between incumbents and potential in-
some_aay, but I realize that this is not the various governmental practices, and levels of surgents, the organizing activities of both
proper time for such a discussion and that military involvement over a wide range of incumbents and insurgents preparatory to
we can deal only with the bill before us. environmental conditions. internal warfare, and techniques (such as
But I am hopeful that before long the ap- (3) Information collection and handling terrorism) of conducting internal war.
proprlate Senate committee, or a special com- systems: means and procedures for rapid (3) Effects of governmental actions. Using
mittee, will undertake a thorough study of collection, storage, and retrieval of data on as criteria the types of societal changes In.
all our Government's research programs. internal war potential and effects of govern-' dicativo of potential internal war, a series
PROJECT CAMELOT FACT SHEET mental action, with appropriate considers- studies iill be conducted on the effects
tion of existing and likely future automated of kinds of governmental actions.
Project Camelot: Basic social science re- facilities for processing and analysis. 'This will include military activities such as
search project on preconditions of internal (b) Background: The present interna- civic action, training of recruits, foreign
conflict, and on effects of indigenous gov- tional situation-especially our relations -training of officers, civil affairs, internal se-
ernmental actions-easing, exacerbating or with the developing countries-has resulted curity missions, psychological operations,
resolving-on those preconditions. In a marked Increase in the appreciation of socialization within the military and overt
Contractor: Special operations Research the importance of the low-level conflict mis- Political activities. Analyses of these pro-
Office of the American University. sion of the military. Paralleling this trend grams should consider scope, Intensity, tim-
Sponsor: Army Research Office, Office of has been a growing realization among mili- ing, control, coordination, subtypes and
Chief of Research and Development; Depart- tary and civilian governmental leaders that techniques of the activities. Other govern-
ment of the Army. a requirement exists for earlier warning of mental actions to be considered will be those
Starting dates: Authorized in August the possibility of outbreak of internal war and In which military cooperation or coordina.
1964; large-scale' research planning com- greater understanding of the effects of tion is most important, including police
menced in January 1905. various military and other governmental pos- function, economic development, social wel-
Estimated completion date: Early 1D68. tuxes and actions in this environment. fare. public Information and foreign policy.
Budget: $450,000 last half of fiscal year Military knowledge, skills and techniques (4) Information system design and feasi-
1005 (January 1 to June 30, 1965). Esti- which were sufficient to meet the task of bility test. The translation of findings Into
mated $1.1 million for fiscal year 1966 (cur- preparing for and fighting conventional war- operational use will require cost/effectiveness
rent fiscal year). fare, both nuclear and nonnuclear, require studies of collection, storage and retrieval
Current status: No research has been con- expansion and refinement to meet the opera- processes. As a basis for such evaluations
ducted in any country at this time. The tional and military assistance demands of attempts will be made to collect the infor-
past 6 months have been spent in planning cold war environment. motion required in a specified country, to
the theoretical approaches and the research - The military requirement for research integrate the information on internal war
have design. Possible sites for field research have the various types covered In this task have indicators and governmental actions, and to
yet been chosen. The research design been expressed in CDOG 1310(A)b, 1310(B)b, - render this information lon Into forms most us-
Is expected to be completed in early fall; able by planners and a
man-years ro-
field work may begin in late fall. 1510, and Limited War Task Group, August
.2. Li- d War Task Groupp, August aired:
staff: Six 965 staff members by E.D.T. .Drepo (2..2.2.2-.4)4), , and In the April 1963 IDA q
February 1, , 1965. . Twenty professional staff report (Barmack). Fiscal year 1965________________________ 20
members by June 30, 1965. Three consult- Fiscal year 1966----------------- _...... .60
ants have taken on major planning responsi- consist (si of a Method large approach: number This task will
Interrelated Fiscal year 1967________________________ 50
stm
Uumbe (They are not counted In 20 stall studies within each of the four areas of re- Fiscal year 1988________________________ 20
numbers cited above.) . search defined by the above four objectives. 7. Phasing.
Thirty staff members expected at peak. These areas of research will, in turn, be in. Fiscal year 1965, first question: Initial
Total effort Is planned at 140 professional terrelated. Findings and concepts within coordination with relevant Government
man-years over length of projects, each will direct the plans and orientations agencies; establishment of project concept.
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Appointment of National Academy of
Science advisory committee.
Determination of additional staff require-
ments and initiation of necessary recruiting.
Second question: Designation of overall
project manager.
Development of more detailed planning.
Selection of appropriate countries or study
sites.
Selection of special advisory panels.
Establishment of organizational structure
for project.
Coordination with relevant government
agencies.
Third question: Establishment of details
of project projections.
Initiation of state-of=knowledge studies In
all project areas.
Establishment of field office and develop-
ment of field research connections.
Determination of special facility require-
ments.
Preparation of requests for proposals on
portions of project to be subcontracted.
Fourth question: Establishment of In-
house cross-policy, and systems studies.
Receipt and review of proposals for sub-
contracts.
Establishment of summer study and re-
view group.
Further detailed development of activity
projection.
Augmentation of staff.
8. Fiscal year 1966: Focus of research on
cross-policy field studies. Fiscal year 1967:
Focus of research on field studies of the
selected country. Fiscal year 1968: Conduct
of feasibility test of information system for
anticipating Insurgency and planning
counteraction.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, D.C., August 2,1965.
Ron. DEAN Russ,
Secretary of State,.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Many agencies of
the Government are sponsoring social science
research which focuses on foreign areas and
people and thus relates to the foreign policy
of the United States. Some of it involves
residence and travel in foreign countries
and communication with foreign nationals.
As we have recently learned, it can raise
problems affecting the conduct of our for-
eign policy.
For that reason I am determined that no
Government sponsorship of foreign area
research should be undertaken which in the
judgment of the Secretary of State would
adversely affect United States foreign rela-
tions. Therefore I am asking you to estab-
lisheffective procedures which will enable
you to assure the propriety of Government-
sponsored social science research in the
area of foreign policy. I suggest that you
consult with the Director of the Bureau of
the Budget to determino the proper proce-
dures for the clearance of foreign affairs re-
search projects on a Government-wide basis.
Sincerely,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
TEIE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE,
Washington, D.C., July 12, 1965.
Memorandum for Secretaries of the Military
Departments; Director of Defense Re-
search and Engineering; the Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff; Assistant Secre-
taries of Defense; General Counsel; the
Special Assistant; Assistants to the
Secretary of Defense; Director, Defense
Communications Agency; Director, De-
fense Intelligence Agency; Director, De-,
fense Supply Agency; Director, National
Security Agency.
Subject: Clearance of studies with foreign
policy implications:
Hereafter all studies done in or for the
Department of Defense, the conduct of
Y3 00'f9 ATE
which may affect the relations of the United
States with foreign governments, are to be
cleared with the Office of the Assistant Sec-
retary of Defense (International Security
Affairs) before they are Initiated.
ROBERT S. MCNAMARA.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, several
Senators have mentioned that they wish
to offer amendments and make remarks.
I believe the Senator from Wisconsin was
the first one to mention an amendment.
The Senator from Oregon had some com-
ments to make on the Fulbright memo-
randum. I shall yield, as nearly as I can,
in the order in which Senators asked to
be heard.
Suppose we have some comments first
and then get to the amendments. I yield
first to the Senator from Oregon [Mr.
MORSEL
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I shall
take half or three-quarters of an hour
to comment on that matter, because it
raises fundamental policy questions. I
am willing to accommodate myself to the
convenience of Senators.
Mr. STENNIS. Suppose I yield to the
Senator from Hawaii, then.
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I wish
to commend the able Senator from Mis-
sissippi for a magnificent presentation of
this complex measure. I invite attention
to the committee amendment on page
47 of the bill, section 639, covering the
65-35 formula. I am sure the Senator
realizes that many of us have felt our-
selves in opposition to the proposal in
this item. I believe we have adequately
satisfied the proposal that the Secretary
of Defense should be given authority to
decide on the distribution of work be-
tween public and private yards. There-
fore, I am hopeful that the conference
committee will seriously consider delet-
ing section 639 from the bill.
Mr. STENNIS. I appreciate the inter-
est of the Senator. Other Senators have
a different interest. So there is an inter-
est on both sides of this matter.
Generally, I think there should be
some surveillance by the Congress over
the allocation of these funds. The
amount involved isa great deal of money.
But we have capable public shipyards,
and of course we have capable private
shipyards. There is not a shipyard in
Mississippi that shares in the $843.2 mil-
lion included in this bill for conversion,
alteration and repair of Navy ships, so
I am not directly involved in the matter.
But there should be some surveillance.
The Senator from Hawaii should note
the fact that the committee did not
write a hard money or dollar rule, but in-
cluded a proviso on page 47 of the bill
which reads:
Provided, That If determined by the See-
rotary of Defense to be inconsistent with the
public interest based on urgency of require.
ment of the fleet to have such vessels re-
paired, altered, or converted as required
above, such work may be- done in Navy or
private shipyards as he may direct.
So the Secretary has absolute discre-
tion to do what he thinks is best in the
public interest, as indicated in the pro-
viso. It has worked well in the past, and
I believe it will in the future.
Mr. INOUYE. I commend the Senator
from Mississippi. That provision is
helpful, but I think It would be much
better if it were deleted.
Mr. STENNIS. I appreciate the com-
ments of the Senator from Hawaii and
his attitude.
Mr. President, I had promised to yield
to the Senator from South Carolina, who
has a comment to make.
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina. Mr.
President, both Senators from South
Carolina have studied section 639. We
share the concern of the Senator from
Hawaii [Mr. INOUYE]. As Senators well-
know, we have an important shipyard in
our State, with a large employment. We
are aware of the difficulties that this sec-
tion may involve. It is necessary for a
shipyard to maintain a steady work force
to be able to engage in repairing of ships.
In order to be able to perform their work,
it is necessary to have a,regular staff
of employees who can be maintained as a
working force. We feel that that 1s as
essential to our Naval Establishment as
it is to have ships, particularly with re-
spect to the Charleston Navy Yard, be-
cause we engage there In the very im-
portant work of repairing Polaris sub-
marines.
I have discussed this matter on sev-
eral occasions with the distinguished
Senator from Mississippi, for whom we
all have the highest regard.
I compliment him for the moving state-
ment he made in connection with the
war in Vietnam. It was reassuring and a
fine statement, for the benefit of all
Americans.
Returning to the section, as I under-
stand, the addition of the proviso gives
a broad area of discretion to the Secre-
tary in order to make his determinations
in accordance with what he believes is
in the national interest. That makes
flexible, as Ilunderstand it, the previous
language of the section, which is quite
direct and refers to the percentages.
Do I correctly understand that the
proviso provides that flexibility of opera-
tion and that area of discretion to the
Secretary in carrying out this section?
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator has read
the language correctly. It does give the
Secretary discretion. He can divide this
as he may direct, so long as he bases his
conclusion upon the facts, the sole guide
being the public interest. The Senator
used the term "national interest." The
words here are "public interest," which is
equivalent to the same thing.
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina.
They mean the same thing.
Mr. STENNIS. If he finds this for-
mula too rigid or to-inconsistent with
the public interest, based on the urgency
of the requirements of the fleet, with
reference to repair, alteration, or con-
version of naval vessels, he can do it in
any way he may direct. That language
was put In to give him the discretion to
which the Senator has referred.
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina.
Let me ask the Senator another question
in connection with the military procure-
ment authorization bill: Was not a sec-
tion similar to this omitted therefrom,
and would that not normally be the place
where such a provision as this would
appear?
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Mr. ST-.NN IS. There is a section in from Massachusetts, has it not proved to been my great pleasure to cooperate with
that bill, and being a member of both be an adequate vehicle to take care of him.
committees, I made the point at the time, any situation that can arise on either side Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
that I did not believe that the language of the controversy? from South Carolina. I appreciate his
precluded the Appropriations Committee Mr. SALTONSTALL. The answer Is cooperation. I do not wish to be mis-
from recommending the inclusion of the "yes," obviously. understood. As I said, I believe that we
"65-35" provision, and that it did not Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, will need some surveillance around the flexi-
preclude the Senate from adopting such the Senator from Mississippi yield? ble language in the bill but, of course, if
a provision. I believe that I reported Mr. STENNIS. I am happy to yield this provision goes to conference, I, as a
that to the Senate when the conference to the Senator from South Carolina. conferee, will support the Senate posi-
report on the procurement authorization Mr. THURMOND. I am especially tion.
was considered. I know that the Senator interested in section 639 of the Senate Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, will
from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALLI version of the bill since the Senate Com- the Senator from Mississippi yield?
was in the same conference. mittee on Appropriations amended it to Mr. STENNIS. Iam glad to yield to
There is language on the subject, but include a provision that at least 35 per- the Senator from New Hampshire. I
this is a limitation on the use of funds cent of the funds appropriated for re- know that he has a great interest in this
included in this bill, in my opinion. prIr, alteration, and conversion of naval matter.
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina. vessels should be utilized In private ship- Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, as
The impression given to the Secretary, yards. usual, the Subcommittee on Defense Ap-
I hope, will not be employed to reduce I was pleased that the House of Rep- propriations has done an outstanding
the effectiveness of the very important resentatives did not include any such job in its consideration of this year's
naval shipyards we have-especially the provision in the bill which it passed. appropriations for the Department of
one in Charleston. The provision which the Senate com- Defense. As a member of the Commit-
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. mittee wrote into the bill would provide tee on Armed Services, I would like to
I hope that it does not involve a Navy a degree of flexibility. The Senate pro- express my admiration of the careful,
yard in his State. It is a valuable yard vision makes it possible for the Secretary meticulous job done by the Senator from
facility. This language has been in the of Defense to depart from the limitation Mississippi and his colleagues in shaping
law now for 3 consecutive years. The when he determines that application of the bill now before the Senate.
Senator's yard has prospered greatly the limitation is Inconsistent with the I was quite concerned, however, to
under this very language. public interest. learn of the inclusion in this bill of sec
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, However, it is my belief that it would tion 639, which has attempted to restore
will the Senator from Mississippi yield? be the wiser course to omit entirely the a modified version of the often dis-
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- provision which is in the bill, as did the credited 65-35 formula.
pore. to Does the Senator from
Massachts? Mk,nssippi House. The allocation of repairs, alters- As Senators will know, the Secretary
Mr. STENNIS. I am ha tions, and conversions of naval vessels of Defense testified before the Commit-
yield. STENNIS. from Massachusetts. to between Navy shipyards and privately tees on Armed Services of both the Sen-
to the Se at as setts. owned shipyards should be made, par- ate and the House that retention of the
He has worked this bill this b for a long to ticularly in this time of emergency, on 65-35 formula for the distribution of
bothMr Senators from South et me me a gay to ththe etbasi ao of
economy, proficiency, time work between public and private ship-
RUSSELL and Mr. South Caro to the my, rather than on yards would result in Increased costs to
RUSsELL from New Hampshire [r Me any arbitrary allocation. the taxpayers for ship repair, alteration,
Irenator, who I see a
Is on mps his [Mr. and The decision should be made on a and conversion. Both Chambers of the
also to the Senator from Hawaii [Mr. case-to-case basis by the Navy Depart- Congress concurred by striking the 65-35
ment.
INOUVE], that the 65-35 section has been - formula from the defense authorization
in the bill for 3 or 4 years. The Navy It is my hope, therefore, that the posi- bill. This action was taken with the full
does not like it particularly, but they say tion of the House on this matter will pre- and enthusiastic support of the Depart-
they can live with it. The Secretary of vail in the conference, as I feel that this ment of Defense.
-Defense says that he will get by with it, would be in the best interests of the After the Congress had thus expressed
Under the public interest proviso, there national security. itself on this subject, the House enacted
has been more money spent in the Naval We in South Carolina have one of the H.R. 9221, the bill before us, without any
shipyards than the 65 percent in the last finest naval shipyards in the country. attempt to restore the 65-35 provision.
two years. I believe that the actual We are very much interested in this I was disappointed to learn that the Sen-
amount spent in Naval yards last year shipyard. Still, I would not take this ate Committee on Appropriations had
was all but 33 percent. I am confident position if I did not feel it to be in the thus acted on its own to insert this give-
that this provision, with its broad discre- best interest of national security; but, away of the taxpayers' dollars which
tion in the public interest, will be satis- unless we keep these shipyards ready at section 639 represents.
factory. any moment to go forward for repair, I am hopeful that the conferees on
The House has nothing in the bill on alteration, or conversion of vessels, I be- H.R. 9221 will see the wisdom of deleting
this subject. If there are strong de- lieve that we could be in trouble. section 639. I express this hope free
mands by the House conferees we can The capabilities of our naval shipyards from any regional interest, and base it
leave the section out. are as essential a part of our defense solely on the fact that, to the best of my
From my own personal point of view, i forces as the vessels which they con- knowledge, every knowledgeable expert
would not care too much to see it left out, street and repair. We must maintain in the field has recommended that the
but we have put it in for the last 3 or these capabilities by utilizing them. 65-35 formula be abolished. Among
4 years because of divergent interests Only in this way can we insure that the these experts I would list the Secretary
brought up on the floor of the Senate requisite skills and experience in ship- of Defense, the Secretary of the Navy
and, therefore, we felt that as the Navy building and repair will be available in and the Chief of the Bureau of Ships.
can get along with it, and the Secretary critical emergencies, The issue here-is not whether or not
of Defense can get along with It, it was We take pride that those employed in U.S, naval vessels will be repaired, over-
better to have it in and take itto con- the naval shipyard located in Charles- hauled, or converted. The issue is sirn-
ference. ton, S.C., are skilled employees. They ply whether the U.S. Navy will be per-
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina. I are dedicated, regular employees who mitted to do this work with a maximum
am encouraged that the House conferees know their jobs. In my judgment, it is of efficiency and a minimum of expense
may be insistent, and I am delighted to important that we keep this reservoir in to the taxpayers.
hear the expressions of the Senator from store, to be used at any time,it may be Mr. President, section 639 is bad medi-
Massachusetts that he does not feel needed.- cine for the ills of our domestic ship-
strongly on this point. On the bill as a whole, I compliment building Industry. Its anticompetitive
Mr. STENNIS. On the question of the the able Senator from Mississippi, He effect is simple; it simply guarantees to
public interest, let me ask the Senator has done an outstanding job. It has the commercial yards that, no matter
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how slipshod their work, the Navy will First. The fact that the United States it seems to me, would be in the public in-
continue to send work to them. Its In,- has an excess of shipyard capacity. tarosb. When the Joint Senate-House
pact upon quality control, overall corn- Second. The fact that it is in our na- Conference Committee meets to consider
pctitivcness, and the ability of manage- tional interest to maintain as much of the defense appropriations bill, I hope
ment is easy to forsee. The retention of this capacity as possible. that the Senate conferees will seriously
section 639 will represent another victory Third. The fact that during the past consider supporting this suggestion.
for the private shipbuilding interests of 3 years the provision has not resulted in I am reassured, as also are the Sena-
this Nation at the taxpayers' expense. any serious problems for the Navy ship- tor, from Now Hampshire and other Sen-
Mr. President, I am appreciative of the yards. ators, by the statement made by the dis-
remarks of the Senator from Massachu- Mr. President, there is one other point tinguished Senator from Mississippi that
setts [Mr. SALTON5TALL], and the remarks that should be stressed: This bill in- the language of section 639, as it is now
of the Senator from Mississippi, indicat- eludes $843,173,000 for conversion, alter- included in the bill, Is designed to insure
ing that there will be a considerable ation, and repair work. Under the flexibility In the exercise of discretion
amount of flexibility in this provision as Navy's preliminary plan the private by the Secretary of Defense. For that
it is administered by the Secretary of De- shipyards would be allocated $221,865,- assurance I am very grateful to the Sen-
fense. 000 of this total, which is about $3 mll- ator.
I, for one, thinking in terms of the lion more than they were allocated dur- Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
Vietnam situation, thinking in the terms ing fiscal year 1965. However, this allo- very much for his fine remarks and
the Senator has shown to the American cation represents only 26.3 percent of the presentation. I know that he has a great
people through his analysis of defense total. This allocation is similar to the interest in this subject.
matters, believe that next year, with allocation to private yards during fiscal Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, earlier
strikes up and down the west coast in prl- year 1962, which was the year before the this year the military procurement au-
vate yards, as well as up and down the 65-35 provision was introduced and thorization bill was enacted. This bill,
east coast, the Secretary of Defense when the private yards were allocated now Public Law 89-37, includes section
should not have this limitation placed only 21.6 percent of such work. 303 which reads as follows:
upon him. I urge the Senator and the In addition, it is generally known that The assignment of naval ship conversion,
other conferees on the part of the Senate, the Department of Defense is seriously alteration, and repair projects shalt be made
when they go to conference with the considering a proposal whereby ship-' on the basis of economic and military con-
House, to give serious thought to the yards in the United Kingdom will be al- siderattonu and shall not be restricted by re-
complete deletion of section 630. lowed to compete on an equal basis with quirements that certain portions or such
s
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. American shipyards for the construction t aves of ipwork be assigned to particular
of a limited number of Navy noncom- shipyards or to particular geographt-
He has stated his thoughts on this sub- batant ships. These ships are of the
I believe I should now describe the com cal areas or by similar requirements.
ject very well. I appreciate his remarks. type that would ordinarily be built in the The Secretary of Defense requested the
-
mittee action and the reasons therefor. Privately owned shipyards this coon-r the allocation the statutory 35-65 ratio
LIMITATION ON SHIP REPAIR r De try. For these reasons, the e committee e for the cation of ship repair, aitera-
The Department of Defense Appro- urges the adoption of the current pro- tion, and conversion work between pri-
vision contained in section 639. vately owned and public shipyards.
priation Acts for fiscal years 1963, 1964, Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, first, I Pointing out that this work can be ac-
and 1965 included the so-called 65-35 would like to add my compliments to complished with essentially equal efh-
formula with respect to the allocation of those of Senators who have expressed ciency in private shipyards and naval-
Navy ship conversion, alteration, and their appreciation to the Senator from shipyards, Secretary of the Navy Paul
repair work between the Navy shipyards Mississippi for the outstanding work he Nitze feels that the distribution of this
and the privately owned shipyards. This has done on the bill. We have come to work between the two categories of ship-
provision includes an escape clause that expect such fine work from him. I ap- Yards should be based upon considera-
allows such work to be allocated with- preciate also his remarks on the Viet- tion of assuring efficient utilization of out regard to the formula when the Sec- nam situation, which I believe are most shipyard capacities and capabilities ra-
retary of Defense determines that it is -helpful. ther than a rigid 35-65 division. He has
In the national interest to do so. The Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. , pointed out that as more of this work
Secretary did make use of this provision Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, I wish is assigned to the Navy yards, it Is more
during fiscal year 1965. to make a brief comment to supplement economical to the Defense Department
The budget proposed that this pro- the remarks that have already been made because they operate with fixed overhead
vision not be included In the bill for -about section 639, to indicate my reser- costs that are largely independent of
fiscal year 1966, and it was not Included -vations with respect to it. their assigned workload.
in the House bill. However, the com- The Department of Defense has con- Being fully acquainted with the excel-
mittee recommends the inclusion of the stantly stressed its dedication to - the lent operations of the Philadelphia Naval
provision. In recommending this pro- principle of the strongest possible De- Shipyard, I can attest to the correctness
vision, the committee considered section fense Establishment, combined with em- of the Navy's judgment. -
303 of the Department of Defense Pro- phasis on cost effectiveness. I know that It is, therefore, with regret, Mr. Presi-
curement and Research Act-Public Law the Senator from Mississippi. has the dent, that I note the addition to H.R.
89-37-which provides: same objective. 9221 by the Committee on Appropriations
The assignment of naval ship conversion, Congress could take no action more of the statutory 35-65 division. This ac-
alteration, and repair projects shall be made effectively designed to accomplish this tion controvenes the policy established,
on the basis of economic and military con- purpose than to repeal the 65-35 provf- - by Congress only a few months ago in
siderations and shall not be restricted by the lion for conversion, alteration, and re- Public Law 89-37. I earnestly hope that
requirements that certain portions of such pair of naval vessels. The Secretary of the Senate-House conferees will delete
naval ehipwork be assigned to particular the Navy has pointed out that an increase section 639 from the bill,
types of shipyards similar to
requirquirememnrents' geographi-
cal l areas by Uy sim simila in the overhaul of nuclear submarines Mr. FONG. Mr. President, I shall vote accomplished at naval aripyaro, as on- for this very important and necessary
Mr. President, when I presented the posed to private shipyards, would con- appropriation bill which provides funds
conference report on- the procurement stitute, a substantial savings to the U.S. for the military functions of the Depart-
authorization bill to the Senate, I made Treasury. ment of Defense for fiscal year 1966.
it clear that this provision did not re- - With a defense budget running over I do want, however, to express my dis-
strict the right of the Committee on Ap- - $50 billion a year, we must look for areas appointment that the Senate Appropria-
propriations to recommend, and the Sen- where savings can be made, especially tions Committee ' added' language--
ate to adopt the 65-35 provision, so long when these savings will serve to sharpen section 639-requiring that at least 35
as that provision is tied to the funds ap- the skills of craftsmen who will be among percent of Navy ship repair, alteration,
propriated in the bbl containing the those first called in the event of a na- and conversion funds be expended in .
provision. - - - - tional emergency. privately owned shipyards, leaving 65
In recommending the inclusion of this - If it Is the objective of Congress to in- Percent for Navy yards.
provision, the committee has taken into sist upon the most effective expenditure Section 639 is almost identical to
consl a i,. s veral f o
language carried In the defense appro-
Approvec or eiease
 20910 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATgE August 25, 1965
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I r Approved bill the past 3 years. This year, 1965, except that the words "of the fleet" The amendment of the Senator from
however, Secretary of the Navy Paul H. have been added this year. Mississippi will be stated.
Nitze recommended repeal of this ar- It is recognized that section 639 is sub- The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 38,
bitrary allocation of Navy ship repair, ject to a point of order and could be line 4, it is proposed to strike out "521"
alteration and conversion work. stricken from the bill on the ground that and insert "621".
His superior, Secretary of Defense it is legislation In an appropriation bill. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Robert S. McNamara, recommended re- The matter constituting legislation is the question is on agreeing to the amend-
peal of the 35-65 proviso. language beginning "Provided, That" meat of the Senator from Mississippi.
His superior, the Commander-in-Chief through the end of the section. The amendment was agreed to.
of the Armed Forces, President Lyndon To avoid a point of order, an amend- AMENDMENT NO. 417
B. Johnson, recommended repeal of the ment could be offered to strike the pro- Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I call up
35-65 proviso. viso clause. Section 639 then would my amendment' No. 417 and ask,that it
The House Defense Appropriations read: be stated.
Subcommittee recommended omission of Of the funds made available in this Act for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
the 35-65 proviso, the full House Appro- repair, alteration, and conversion of naval
priation Committee concurred, and the vessels, at least 35 per centum shall be avail- amendment of the Senator from Wiscon-
House of Representatives, in approving able for such repair, alteration, and con- sin will be stated.
the pending bill (H.R. 9221), also omitted version in privately owned shipyards, The legislative clerk proceeded to read
this restriction. This would be even worse than section the amendment.
I have opposed the 35-65 proviso from 639 as it stands, for then the Secretary Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask
the very beginning-and for precisely the of Defense would have no discretion unanimous consent that further reading
same reasons the administration now op- whatsoever to exceed the 65 percent for of the amendment be dispensed with.
poses it. Navy yards even if fleet requirements objTheectioon n so ordered. The aWimendd-
I believe national defense considers- demanded that additional work be per- meat will , be it ie is is so in the td. -
) offe.
tions, not an arbitrary dollar division, formed in Navy yards. The amendment td RECORD
should be the first and foremost basis for As one who believes allocation of such Mr. (N No. 417) offered by
allocating Navy ship conversion, altera- work should be on the basis of defense NELSON is as follows:
tion, and repair work. requirements, I certainly would not want on page 2, line 10, strike out "$4,092,291,.
I am glad that those administration to deprive the Secretary of Defense of 900 and insert in lieu thereof "&4,107,409,-
officials most closely concerned with Navy the authority to allocate more than 65 Ou
Go
page 48, beginning with line 1, strike
e
c
nt
N
d
r
e
to
avy yar
fleet readiness and combat capability now p
s when fleet require- out all down through line 3.
agree that the 35-65 proviso Is not in the meats are urgent. On page 48, line 4, strike out "642" and
I would like to remind my colleagues it is and the possible alternatives worse Mr. NELSON. First, I should like to
that earlier this year Congress enacted colleagues than section 639 as it stands, the ques- say to the Senator from Mississippi [Mr.
part of the defense procurement and re- tion then arises, "Why not move to strike ?STENNIS] that I have read extensively in
search and development authorization section 639 from the bill?" I the last two volumes of the hearings con-
act a section stating that a nent of This was attempted last year and was ducted by the Senator, which total ap-
such Navy shipwork be on the basis of overwhelmingly rejected by voice vote proximately 2,000 pages. I join other
economic and military considerations, of the Senate. My assessment of the Senators present in commending the
not under restrictive requirements that considerations, situation today shows the result would Senator from Mississippi and the com-
be assigned to particular types of ship- be the same if anyone tried to delete sec- mittee for an extremely thoughtful and
-ion
yards or to particular geographic areas. 639. A vote in the Senate to retain probing hearing of the Defense Appro-
The section of this enactment-Pub- 639 would make it much more difficult priation request.
lie Law 89-37-reads as follows: to remove section 639 if the bill goes to ? My difference, considered alongside the
sec. 303. The assignment of naval ship House-Senate conference committee. $47 billion appropriation amounts to
conversion, Therefore, I am reluctantly forced to alteration, and repair projects bow to the realities of the situation.
something less than one one-thousandth
shall be made on the basis of economic and I am as vigorously 1 percent. The amount involved in
military considerations and shall not be re- porously opposed to this see- this is $15 million.
stricted by requirements that certain por- tion now, as I have always been. Mr. STENNIS. On behalf of the com-
tons of such naval shipwork be Designed to I am hopeful that it will be deleted 1n mittee, as well as personally, I thank the
particular types of shipyards or to particular the House-Senate conference committee.
geographical areas or by similar require- Despite my objection to this one see- Senator from Wisconsin P his remarks.
monts. tion, I shall vote to pass the defense ap- The Senator is certainly ly within his
Thus, only last May, the Senate and propriation bill as a vital measure to our rights to offer an amendment, and I
the House wont on record opposing ro- national security. shall be very much interested In the
strictions to allocate Navy ship eonver- I hope the conferees on the part of the points that he makes.
Sion, alteration, and repair work by type Senate will reconsider their position ,so Does the Senator wish to have a yea-
- of shipyard. far as the 35-65 proviso is concerned and Mr. vote . I his shall ask for amendment?
owyeas
or Today, we are asked to approve a bill take note of the fact that all the admin- and . nays NELSON. the amendment. the
containing a section that allocates such istration experts in this field have recom- I do not t believe However,
work by type of shipyard. mended that the 35-65 proviso be re- ber of Senators there is
present a to sufficient nyeas
While I would like very much to see pealed. order the yeas
section 639 of the pending biji stricken, I I am glad to hear the assurance of the and nays, so I shall wait until there is a
quorum
realize the practical difficulties In at- Senators who are in charge of the appro- resi.
dent, the amendment
thpap
tempting to do this. - priation bill that flexibility will be used Mr. r
Section 639 reads as follows: in working out the 35-65-percent pro- trepposes r restore
for the $15 pumillion rpose f t to the ap-
Of the funds made available in this Act vise. I do hope that if the conferees the Army estt special ore to rcial p training o instituting
nltfor repair, alteration, and conversion of naval accept the Senate version, this flexibility Ay ning vessels, at least 35 per centum shall be avail- will be given. program called STEP,
able for such repair, alteration, and conver- . Mr. STENNIS. - I thank the Senator The House of Representatives in-
sion In privately owned shipyards: Provided, very much for his statement, which eluded the amount in the appropriation
That if determined by the secretary of De- covers the subject very well. bill passed by the House.
fenso to be inconsistent with the public In. The appropriation for the STEP pro-
terest based on urgency of requirement of Mr. President, I offer an amendment, gram is supported and was supported in
the fleet to have such vessois repaired, altered, which I send to the desk', - and ask to, the testimony by Secretary of Defense
or converted as required above, such work have stated. It is a technical amend- NoNamara. It was supported in the -
maylby atone in Navy or private shipyards as ment which would correct the reference testimony by Stephen Ailes, Secretary of
to a section number. - the Army, Gen. Creighton W. Abrams,
This is identical to language in the de- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Jr., Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, Maj.
fense appropriation bill for fiscal year RUSSELL of South Carolina In the chair). Gen. B. F. Taylor, Director- of Army
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Budget, Office, Controller of the Army, Mr. LAUSCHE. That means that a the man must meet the regular Army
Brig. Gen. Lloyd B. Ramsay. Deputy young, man who wants to volunteer is re- physical standards.
Commander, Fort Leonard Wood. Mo., jected miless he reaches the level of 31, There is one exception to the 6-week
Tilton Davis, Jr., Director of Educational Mr. NELSON. That is correct. time limit under the Army proposal:
Development, 5th U.S. Army, and the Mr.LAUSCHE. But when the supply if a man Is underweight or overweight,
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. of volunteers is exhausted and draftees and the doctors are confident that his
There is rather extensive testimony in are needed, a person who did not qualify
the RECORD on the Senate side. I have as a volunteer could qualify as a draftee.
all of that testimony and all of the ques- Mr. NELSON. That is correct.
tions that were raised and, unlike the Mr. LAUSCHE. Does the Senator
committee on the Senate side, I became from Wisconsin believe that this differ-
strongly convinced that this is a very once in testing is not sound?
sound, thoughtful, creative and fruitful Mr. NELSON. The difference in the
proposal that ought to be adopted. testing may be sound enough. In other
As I have said, the purpose of this words, it may be defensible to draft
amendment is to restore to the budget someone who has a percentile of 21 and is
the funds for the Army's special training going to stay in the Army for only 2
enlistment program, or STEP. The Ap- Years, but decline to accept a volunteer
propriations Committee deleted these having a percentile of 31 who intends to
funds, and added section 641 to the bill, spend his career in the service.
which states: Mr. LAUSCHE. Yes.
None of the funds provided In this act Mr. NELSON, However, I do not
shall be available for the expenses of the think it is defensible to refuse to accept
special training enlistment program (S TP) . a volunteer who achieves less than a per-
or similar programs. eentile of 31, not because he does not
The House Committee on Appropria- have the intellectual capacity but be-
tions and the House of Representatives cause he has not had the reading, writ-
voted to support the Army recommenda- ling, and arithmetic required.
tion. I think the reasons for supporting The purpose of the amendment is not
the House position are extremely com- to reduce the percentile but to provide
pelling. that the Army may accept volunteers
The amendment would strike section who receive a percentile of less than 31,
641 from the bill, and add $15,208,900 send them to school at Fort Leonard
to the "Military personnel, Army" ap- Wood or elsewhere, and give them train-
propriations account, the amount of ing in reading, writing, and arithmetic,
money allowed for STEP by the House. so that they can take an examination and
STEP was conceived by the Army as achieve a percentile of 31 or above. Then
a way of reducing its reliance on the we will have a volunteer who will make a
draft. Because of the fact that it uses good soldier and will meet the standards
large numbers of draftees, the Army has of the Army.
the highest requirements for those who Mr. LAUSCHE. I have received a
enlist voluntarily of any of the services; number of letters in this period of in-
they are so high, in fact, that in fiscal ternational stress inquiring why many
year 1964, the Army turned away 70,000 persons are being rejected because they
men who wished to volunteer but could are labeled as dull normal. The query
not qualify. is: Are they not qualified to do some
The Army is properly concerned about work in the military service? There is
having to turn these men away, particu- menial work they could do. I thought
larly since they are at the same time ac- 'those letters made a fairly strong point.
cepting over 100,000 men from the draft I subscribe to what the Senator from
each year, many of whom did not meet Wisconsin is trying to do in his amend-
Army enlistment standards either. ment. ,
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, will Mr. NELSON. I thank
the Senator yield for a question? from Ohio.
Mr NELSON I leld to the Senator
y During the past 3 years, 91,000 men
from Ohio. came in through the draft who would
Mr
LAUSCHE
Do I correctl
under-
.
.
y
have been refused if they had volun-
stand that there are two rules which 'teercd. Since it was felt that a willing
differ from each other-one rule relating volunteer frequently makes a better sol-
which the physical and mental qualifications dier than an unwilling draftee, and since
which are applicable to volunteers and it is a great expense to the Army to have
a totally Re rule which is applica-
ble to men who different
o drafted? to train a new set of draftees every 2
are draft
Mr. NELSON. That Is correct. The years, while a volunteer is in for at least
Army accepts the draftees who on their 3 years, and is also much more likely to
academic tests achieve a percentile of 21. reenlist, the Army began to look about
That means that any draftee who for some way to bring In more of the
achieves a score of 21 has 20 percent of men It was turning away, while at the
the population academically beneath same time maintaining its high stand-
him. ants.
In the volunteer program the Army The answer they developed was STEP.
will accept only volunteers who achieve Under this program, volunteers who are
a percentile of 31, which is substantially qualified except for a correctible medical
higher. So we have a situation In which deficiency, or a correctible educational
we are drafting Into the Army men who deficiency, but not both, can be accepted
achieve a Percentile of 21 and who do as volunteers on a provisional basis, and
not want to be in the Army, and reject- assigned to STEP.
ing men who receive a percentile of 28, In the case of those with a medical
29, or 30, on the grounds that that Is not deficiency, the condition must be re-
high enough for a volunteer. mediable within 6 weeks; after that time
weight can be brought within the pre-
scribed bounds, but not within 6 weeks,
he will still be eligible.
In fiscal 1964, there were 12,600 volun-
teers who passed all other standards but
were medically disqualified. The Army
estimates that 900 of these would have
qualified for STEP.
The major part of. STEP, however,
would deal with those whose mental test
scores were too low. The Army requires
a score of 31 on the Armed Forces quail-
fying. test-higher than any of the other.
services-and 56,000 volunteers were
turned down in fiscal 1964 solely because
they did not achieve this score. Of
these, about 41,000 scored high enough
to be eligible to enter the STEP program
if it were instituted.
Until the program has operated. for 4
years on an experimental basis, the
Army proposed to enlist 15,000 each year
out of the pool of around 42,000 eligibles
for STEP.
Those who are admitted with an edu-
cational deficiency will be placed In a
special 14-week training program at Fort
Leonard Wood, Mo. Here they will
spend half of each day receiving basic
combat training, and half the day re-
ceiving instruction in subjects like Eng-
lish, arithmetic, social studies, and sci-
ence. This will be a stretchout of 6 weeks
in the normal 8-week basic combat train-
ing course.
. At the end of the 14 weeks, trainees
who have satisfactorily completed their
basic combat training, and whom the
Director of General Educational Devel-
opment believes to have advanced ade-
quately, will take the Armed Forces
qualifying test again. If they now score
31 or higher, they will be given 2 weeks'
leave and then sent to advanced indi-
vidual training like any other enlistee.
Those who fail the Armed Forces
qualifying test this second time, or who
do not take it because the Director feels
they are not ready, will be sent to a
modified program combining advanced
individual training and general educa-
tional development; for 3 weeks they will
receive 6 hours of general education and
2 hours of military training each day,
and will then take the Armed Forces
qualifying test a third time.
Those who still fail will receive one
final chance; they will continue for,
another 5 weeks of modified training,
receiving up to 4 hours per day of gen-
eral education on their deficient subjects,
combined with on-the-job training as
basic engineer pioneers, learning to use
engineer tools, and the basic techniques
of carpentry.
At the end of this period, the trainee
will take the Armed Forces qualifying
test. If he scores 31 or higher, he will
be assigned to an Active Army unit; if
he scores lower, he will be discharged.
The Army for some time now has
operated similar programs of general
educational development for draftees
who were below their regular stand-
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'ai'ds-aft present, men are e 1 b e or This second chart shows data comparable and above the academic level required for
the draft if they score as low as 21. to the first chart except that the length of enlistment. But more important, the stu-
Mr. Tilton Davis, Director of Educa- Instruction was 400 hours compared to 210 dents, through carefully designed guidance
tional Development of the 5th Arm hours for the first group. and Instructional
Army, On the original test, scores ranged Progrfter, will continue
presented some figures to the Approprla- 60 to 108 points with mean of 84.8 points, STEP, and belable tolwork eeffectively np the
tions Committees on the success met by only 1.3 points above mean of the first group. Army structure.
these programs at installations in the of the total 125 men 99 bad below 90 OT
5th Army. score. After 400 hours of instruction, the Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President,
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- range of scores was 73 to 139. The mean will the Senator yield?
sent that the statement of Mr. Davis on retest was 112.6, a raise of 273 points Mr. NELSON. I yield to the Senator
made before the Senate Committee on from the original mean. On retest only eight from South Carolina.
Appropriations on January 26, 1965, be men had OT scores below 90. y Attention is invited to the fact that a or Mr. feel young not the should
printed at this point in the RECORD. number of men achieved scores of 115 or. be r feel that these young men should
There being no objection, the state- higher, and 43 men had scores of 120, the be trained in the educational fundamen-
ment was ordered to be printed In the qualifying score for some of the hard skill tats by the Job Corps rather than to
RECORD, as follows: MOS schools. place this responsibility upon the Army,
STATEMENT BY MR. TaTON DAvIs, JR., DIREC- But there are additional advantages of which. has its hands full training sol-
TOR OP GENERAL EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, STEP that cannot be so objgetively meas- diem?
6TH U.S. ARMY, BEFORE THE DEPARTMENT need but surely areas real. Mr. NELSON. As the distinguished
OF DEFENSE SUBCOMMITTEE, COMMITTEE ON First, students can be carefully observed by Senator from South Carolina knows
ROPRIATIONS, US. SENATE, JANUARY 26, military Otrainers.nd dl skllled teahers;peeidrr- there is testimony in the hearings on
APP
65 c
Mr. Chairman, members of the subcom- rifled and appropriate professional guidance this exact point. I read the questions
mitres, you recall that Mr. Arles spoke of provided to overcome maladjustments. and answers of representatives of the
the AFQT-Armed Forces Qualifying Test- Second, special programs of instruction Department of Defense, who said no.
test score of 31 being the malifi standard can be developed to meet the specific educe- I believe the Department of Defense is
for enlistment but that some exceptions and tional needs of the individual, to bring his correct.
made in the case of high school graduates. abilities Into line with his interests. I do not believe there is any way to
He further pointed out that during the past And third, opportunity to truly measure y
3 years some DL000 draftees were taken Into the value of the program-over a long period combine the education
necessary to
the Army who achieved scores below this of tImc-will now be made available. qualify and the necessary ry mfllbar ilitary train-
minimum. The major problem of the GED portion of Ing of the individual under any public
The data I will present will be based On STEP will be the hiring of teachers-teach- training organization or the HEW. On
results some of these men have achieved In era able, interested, and desiring to work with that exact point, the testimony of Secre-
the Army's general educational development young adults and knowledgeable of the char- tary Ailes was as follows:
program.- aoterlatles of students they will have. It is Lastly-and the most difficult question
After a man is accepted into service, the our hope and plan to secure teachers na- always is-the Job Corps is already going
AFQT score is not used. The Army adminis- tionwide, from rural and urban areas, from to do this. They are going tern additional tests to specifically identify a large number of colleges, and with a variety In and one of the things they hope totrtraP n
the aptitudes of Individuals. The Army of all ethnic, economic, social, and racial them for is to make them eligible for mill-
classification battery, or ACS, is the princi- backgrounds. Through an effective program tary service. I say that is fine. But that
pal test. It consists of 11 parts. By combin- of teacher training and orientation, we will is not a substitute, in our mind. That is
ing these part scores, aptitude areas of In. be able to better understand the personal not the same thing. It does not do the same
dividuals are determined. The aptitude area attitudes, motivations, and frustrations of thing for ua that Our program will do.
scores are one of the factors used by classi- students who themselves will have great dif- This program of ours enables us to give a
fieation personnel to assign individuals to forences oculture of and education. We Will man education under military discipline, at
MOS training and by service schools as have Resistance Personnel located at all the same time he is getting his basic train.
course prerequisites. Army installations in our hiring efforts. We ng. It enables us to screen and evaluate
One of the aptitude area scores is called fully expect to fill our faculty of 250 civilian and to be sure the men who come In, who
the general technical or GT. The two parts teachers, but the task will be difficult in , originally could not meet our standards, are
which make up the GT are the verbal test terms of quality and quantity of teachers men who are going to make good soldiers.
and arithmetical reasoning. GT aptitude ' All vie are talking about here Is just some
area scores have a high correlation with During the first 14 weeks of training, con- 10,000 additional spaces.
scores achieved on the AFQT. A score of 31 current with BCT, the GED portion of the I submit this is a program the Army should
on the AFQT is about equal to a some of 90 program will consist of 280 hours appor- engage in. It will be useful to us In the
on the GT aptitude area, An AFQT score of tioned approximately as follows: 80 hours, future. If we get into a situation where we
16 is about a GT score of 75. English and reading; 60 hours, arithmetic have to broaden the base rapidly, we will
Since GT scores are recorded on official and basic mathematics; 60 hours, social have learned how to bring up the qualiff-
records when educational level surveys are studies; 50 hours, elementary science; 40 cations of people. I am supported In this
taken, Individuals whose GT scores are below hours, examination and evaluation. by the Chief and the Vice Chief of State and
90 are identified. When the military training It should be remembered that the specified a group of hard-working people of the Army
situation permits, these men are enrolled in hours allotted GED in the subject areas staff who have studied this program and are
on-duty or of-duty classes and instruction above will be modified as required to meet convinced It is a good program.
is given in reading, social studies, arithmetic, the educational needs of the individual
and general physical sciences. trainees. There Is, as the Senator knows, testi-
The two charts which follow (not printed Ninety hours of CEO will be given these mony throughout the record on this ex-
in the RECORD) show the effect of GED 1n- trainees during the first 3 weeks of the AIT/ act point. I thought that the Army's
struction on the general technical score of GED phase of the program and 100 hours of position Was compelling and persuasive
students, These experience data are from GED Instruction will be given to those who as to that question. However, obviously
two 6th Army installations for classes con- cannot advance to regular AIT at the end the Senate committee, of which I believe
ducted in the past 9 months. of this period.
The first chart shows the GT scores The USAFI achievement test II, USAFI hovveSo. Bon the House members did not be-
achieved by 471 men before and after 210 achievement test III or the advanced Cali- li mittee But u a of pre, the 00ms
hours of Instruction. The GT scores are fornia achievement test, as appropriate, will and the of Representatives
on the horizontal and number of men be administered at the beginning of the endorsed and adopted the Army position.
on.
achieving each score 1s shown on the vertical. STEP GED program to determine the fungi- Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
For example, this point shows that the pos- tional grade levels of STEP trainees. Other policies of the Department of the Army
sible range of scores on the QT Aptitude Area appropriate tests may be used as necessary and the Department of Defense are
Test is from 50 to 160 points, during the instructional phases to deter- guided by the policy handed down by the
Note on the original test, men achieved mine the educational progress of trainees- administration. Does the Senator not
scores ranging from the minimum possible, to permit identification and regrouping of feel, in view of the responsibility which
50 points, to a higher 119 with the average rapid and slow learners and to determine
or mean of 83.6 points. After Instruction, which trainees require increased individual the Army has to train people to fight in
some men still remained at the minimum- attention or additional instruction after Vietnam and perhaps in other places,
these were nonreaders-whereas the highest duty hours In supervised study balls, that nonmilitary training should be han-
scoreattained was 136 points. The mean on In summary, then, it can be concluded dled by the Job Corps?
retest was 94.1 points, an Increase of 10.6 that the STEP academic program will surely I remind the Senator that the Office
points over the original teat. raise a large percentage of STEP students to of Economic. Opportunity has Issued an
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 August 25 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 20913
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, administrative manual, in December give you the training, but we will draft 33,000 additional military personnel an-
1964, which provides that the educa-
tional program In the Job Corps centers
is geared to helping young people get
and hold jobs in which they can advance,
helping them to return to school, help-
ing them to enter the MTDA, which is
the Manpower Training and Develop-
ment Association, and other vocational
training programs, or helping them to
qualify to enlist in the Armed Forces.
Mr. President, one of the purposes of
the Job Corps is to prepare young people
to enter the Armed Forces. That Is one
of the big arguments that was presented
here for the Job Corps-that the Job
Corps would prepare young people to
enter the Armed Forces. Figures were
cited to show-as the Senator cited
figures this morning-how many were
disqualified for one reason or another.
The Job Corps was organized. It Is now
in operation. This is one of its purposes.
Why should we, want to duplicate any
program? Why should we not allow the
Job Corps to do this job and let it pro-
vide the educational training and let
the Army devote its full attention to its
military responsibilities? The Army has
enough responsibilities without having
to operate a school for these young peo-
pie.
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, there
are several answers to that. First, the
Army is already doing exactly what we
are talking about. The testimony of the
military spokesman for the Army pointed
out that they are taking draftees with a
percentile of 21, which is 10 less than
that required of a volunteer. They then
train them in a program similar to that
which Is underway now. Second, a sub-
stantial portion of the Army function is
educational, educating soldiers and
training them in a thousand skills.
Mr. THURMOND. The Army facilities
are limited. The Army is not equipped
to take on the responsibility of train-
ing additional thousands of young men
whom the Job Corps could train, whom
the civilian vocational schools or other
agencies could train. They would have
to train some of them because there
would be no other way out. However,
why should we place additional respon-
sibilities on the Army and require it to
do more training than it is equipped to
do when such training could be done by
some other agency?
Mr. NELSON, I believe that the an-
swer is very simple. Under this pro-
gram the Army would take 15,000 volun-
teers who they think would qualify.
Those 15,000 volunteers would be trained
and they estimate 12,000 would achieve
a percentile of 31. Those volunteers
would be likely to remain in the Army
much longer. That has been proved by
the record. They would be in the Army
because they wanted to be. They would
replace 12,000 draftees who do not want
to be in the Army and who may never be
able to achieve a percentile of 31 anyway.
It seems to me that, instead of doing
that, we foolishly' say, "No." There is a
man who wants to be a soldier. He has
the Intellectual capacity to become a
soldier. So, Instead of letting him make
a career out of the Army and become a
good soldier, we say, "No, we-will not
men with a percentile of 21, some of nually.
whom could never reach a percentile of it has been argued that this program
31." So we are drafting men with a low belongs in the poverty program, rather
percentile and giving them that train- than the Army; that is why it was cut out.
ing, and yet refusing to take those who
want to join.
It does not make any sense to me. We
provide education In all walks of life.
We provide education in our schools,
which education helps young men enter
the Army. We provide education in the
Job Corps. We provide education in the
Army. The Army is the biggest single
educator in America. It has more people
taking correspondence courses and more
people taking technical courses of all
kinds than any school, university in this
country.
This is a function that the Army could
handle very well. As to the Job Corps, I
am glad to see them doing this job.
However, this would not do a volunteer
any good. A young man could qualify
with a percentile of 31 and above and still
not be able to get Into the Job Corps.
The Job Corps is not able to accept them
all.
If anybody were to read the testimony
carefully, he would have to come to the
conclusion that the Army position is
sound.
This program would relieve us of draft-
ing thousands of men. We are talking
about drafting married men. What
sense would that make if we could obtain
volunteers, as the Army believes? Their
of the budget by the Appropriations
Committee. There can be little question
that STEP, like any program of educa-
tion, will help to reduce poverty; but that
is not its main purpose. The main pur-
pose of STEP is to reduce the Army's
training costs, and to secure a higher
caliber of manpower for the Army.
In fiscal year 1965, 266,000 men went
through basic training cn their way into
the Active Army; combined with those
who received basic training in the Re-
serve and the National Guard, this made
a total of 388,000 men who were given
basic training by the Army. The Air
Force and the Navy, by comparison,
trained about 115,000 each.
If STEP proves successful in the 4-
year trial period, the Army may even-
tually be able to enroll all 42,000 of the
men who volunteer each year and are
turned down because of a correctible
medical or educational deficiency. The
Army estimates that 80 percent of those
entering STEP will successfully complete
the course. It is thought that it will be
closer to 90 percent. However, 80 per-
cent is used as a more conservative
figure.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask for the yeas and nays on the pending
amendment.
experience seems reliable to me. They The yeas and nays were ordered.
have the test scores to prove what they,., NELSON. Mr. President, to con-
can do
and how the
can raise the
r-
,
y
pe
centile.
The proof has been submitted as a part
of the record. I believe that the Senator
has read it. Why should we draft mar-
ried men when the Army can obtain
about 35,000 additional volunteers a year
who can qualify for theft Army stand-
ards, which are higher for enlistment
than are the standards in any other
service. I cannot understand such a
position, ,
Mr. THURMOND. The Army is pos-
sibly the greatest training center in the
United States. But it should not be re-
quired to take on additional duties and
have to train those who have fallen below
the standard which the Army has set,
because then it would take the time of
the Army away from its main functions
in order to give elementary nonmilitary
training to people who could receive that
training elsewhere.
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I do not
believe the Senator's argument holds
water.
We spend a vast amount of time train-
ing draftees. The draftees come in for
2 years and then quit. We would not
have to continue to train them if we had
volunteers who stayed in for more than
the 2-year period.
On the basis of these figures, the Army
estimates that about 80 percent of the
15,000 STEP trainees, or 12,000 men, will
successfully pass through the program
each year. This will provide 12,000 addi-
tional military personnel. If this pro-
gram is as successful as the Army be-
lieves it will be, it will ultimately provide
tinue my statement, the Army will be
able to take 33,000 draftees, men who are
not motivated to enlist, who in many
cases are not eligible to enlist, and who
will not be eligible to reenlist after com-
pleting their 2-year terms, and replace
them with 33,000 men who want to be in
the Army, who want to be in the Army so
much, In fact, that they are willing to
sign up for a 3-year term conditional
upon their successfully completing the
STEP educational program.
Recent newspaper accounts have re-
ported that the Government Is giving
serious thought to revoking the draft
exemption for men who are married but
have no children; it Is thought that this
may be necessary because of the in-
creased manpower needs for the war in
Vietnam. Yet we hesitate to let the Army
try, by running STEP on an experimen-
tal basis, to find some other way in which
it can meet its manpower needs without
causing the great disruption of families
which will be inevitable if we once again
start to draft married men. It would
seem sensible to follow the Army recom-
mendations of giving special training to
volunteers'who want to enlist before we
embark on a program of drafting mar-
ried men.
Of course, we cannot know for certain
how successful STEP will be; that Is
why it is only planned for 15,000 men a
year, rather than 42,000, which is the
number estimated might come under the
program. But in view of the great gains
to be made, and the unquestionable bene-
fits the Army will receive if anything .
approaching the hoped for level of suc-
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 20914 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 25, 1965
A rOy
aPc~Siea,gE;f?~J1%p&39eAJ8 16a &5P O?g 4 18000 0 3t2 019 5e PRESIDING OFFICER. One
making the experiment. those who are in the Army is $3,837. In minute.
Mr, President, I yield the floor. other words, the training cost is less for
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I the man who has the potential, which has
suggest the absence of a quorum. already been measured.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Another point, which is not controlling
cleric will call the roll. but important, Is that the program would
The legislative clerk proceeded to call upset the Army training bases which are
the roll. already established to train men as sol-
Mr. MANSFIELD Mr. President, I ask diers. These facilities would be vacated
unanimous consent that the order for in several places and this educational
the quorum call be rescinded. program would be installed there. I did
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without not like that part of the proposal. Places
objection, it is so ordered. like Fort Leonard Wood are dedicated
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I solely to the training of Army men In the
ask unanimous consent that there be a real arts of warfare. To use a part of
time limitation of 10 minutes on the those facilities for an educational pro-
pending amendment, control of the time gram did not make sense to me.
to be equally divided between the Sena- One of the stated objectives of the Job
tor from Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS), the Corps in the Office of Economic Oppor-
Senator handling the bill, and the Sena- tunity is to improve the young men In
tor from Wisconsin [Mr. NELSON], who order that they may enlist in the Armed
has offered the amendment. Forces. That purpose is stated in the
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I did, body of the measure. Some progress Is
not hear how much time, being made in that direction. But, as a
Mr. MANSFIELD.' Ten minutes; 5 military matter, we failed to find that it
minutes to a side. would be feasible to draw on military
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there money and talent for this program. That
objection? Without objection, it Is so is particularly true when one considers
ordered. that the Army has the additional burden
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I re- of training 235,000 men, which number of
quest the yeas and nays on passage of men will be brought into the service be-
the bill, tween now and September 1966.
The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. President, that completes my re-
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, briefly, marks.
in response to the proposal to put into ' Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I be-
the bill the STEP program, I wish to lieve, In the absence of the distinguished
make the following points: No proposal Senator from Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS]
has been made which has had more ex- - most of the points that were raised by
tensive consideration by' the Appropria- his remarks were discussed in my speech,
tions Committee, not only this year, but or extemporaneously, So I shall not take
last year. Originally- this proposal re- all of the 5 minutes alloted to my time.
quested funds under a reprograming, I wish to make the point, in response
provision. It was turned down by the' to the Senator from Mississippi, who
committee last year, but it was stated feels we ought to take the talent we have,
that we would fully consider it again talent that is high enough to meet the
this year. standards of volunteers. I point out
Rather extensive hearings were held again that we are drafting men with a
by the Senator from Georgia [Mr. Rus- 21 percentile and then training those
BELL] last year. We went into it again people, some of whom do not have the
this year. capacity to reach the 31 percentile.
With all deference to the program and It is a tragic thing that we are not
those who may support it, I do not be- prepared to open the doors and do every-
lieve a single one of the members who thing we can for the young man who has
heard the full proposal and engaged in the basic innate ability to become a good
the full discussion felt we should put
the program in the bill, That is more
particularly true now because of the
Increased number of personnel that are
going to be brought into the Army.
Personally, I did not think the talent
of the Army, both commissioned and
noncommissioned, should be used in this
training program for a great number of
men, even if there were some talent
found in that group. I am not discount-
ing the fact that there may be person.
nel who would ultimately qualitfy, but
we had better start with men who
we know have the potential and try
to make soldiers of them. We should
not spend military money on attempting
to train those other men. We should not
expend our military talent on a program
that is so largely educational.
We believe it would cost more to train
the STEP Personnel, The point has been
made that training for those groups who
fail to reach induction requirements,
physical or mental, or both, would cost
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I yield
1 minute to the Senator from Massachu-
setts [Mr. SALTONSTALL].
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Massachusetts is recog-
nized for 1 minute.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
with relation to the STEP program, let
me say to the distinguished Senator from
Wisconsin that the Senator from South
Carolina [Mr. RUSSELL] and I heard Sec-
retary of the Army Stephen Ailes last
September, and we both felt that such a
program should not be adopted and
should not be -started, that the Army
should be kept out of educational and
health-giving programs, and so on. The
Secretary of the Army came up again in
the following January and again we
heard his request. We also heard it
again when the Senator from Mississippi
and I and others were on the committee.
At least on all those three occasions-
and I am not sure that there was not a
fourth-I would say that we unani-
mously decided that the Army should not
enter into this sort of training program.
Personally, I feel strongly about that.
I feel extremely strongly about it at the
present moment, when the Army has so
much more of Importance on its mind.
I hope, therefore, that the amendment
will be rejected.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
has now expired. The question is on
agreeing to the amendment of the Sena-
tor from Wisconsin [Mr. NELSON].
On this question the yeas and nays
have been ordered; and the clerk will
call the roll.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I announce
that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr.
DODD], the Senator from Wyoming [Mr.
McGEEI, and the Senator from West Vir-
ginia [Mr. RANDOLPn], are absent on of-
ficial business.
I further announce that the Senator
from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK], the
Senator from North, Carolina [Mr.
EnviN], and the Senator from Minne-
sota [Mr. McCAnxlrv]. are necessarily
soldier, and qualify by all the standards _ I further announce that, if present and
of the Army, who was deprived of the op- voting
,
the Senator from North Carolina
portunity to be educated because of the [Mr. EEYRII, the Senator from Wyom-
area of the country he came from, and ing (Mr. MCGEE], and the Senator
to say to the man who wants to become a from West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH],
volunteer and defend his country, who would each vote "nay."
has all the qualifications, "No, sir, we are The result was announced-yeas 27,
not willing to spend any time on you, to nays 67, as follows:
provide you with the basic, technical [No. 236 Leg.]
training you need, but we are going to YEAS--27
d
aft
r
f 21
men
o
percen
e.
"
til
These are the kind of young men we
wish to have in the service, those who
wish to serve and wish to make a career
out of a military life.
Therefore, I would certainly hope a that
Y p
we would give them the opportunity to
serve.
Mr. President, I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does
the Senator from Mississippi yield bark
his time?
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, how
much time have I left?
Hass
Hartko
Morse
Burdick
Javits
Moss
church
Kennedy, Mass. Nelson
cooper
Kennedy, N.Y.
Neuberger
Douglas
Lausche
Poll
Fulbright
Long, La.
Proxmire
Gore
Gore
McGovern
Ribicoff
Gruening
McNamara
Tydings
Hart
Mondale
Williams, N.J.
NAYS-67
Aiken
'
Brewster'
Dlrksen
Anderson n
Byrd, Vs V
Dominick
E
tl
Bartlett '
s.
Cannon
as
and
El
londer
Bayh
tt
Carlson. .
Fannin
Biblee
Cotton
Harris
Boggs
Curtis
Hayden
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 :~R~~RB~ZQDATE
Apprddi'Ji- 6e496&04/01/16
Iilekenlooper Miller Simpson
Hill Monroney Smothers
Holland Montoya Smith
Eruska Morton Sparkman
Inouye Mundt Stennis
Jackson Murphy Symington
Jordan, N.O. Muskle Talmadgo
Jordan, Idaho Pastoro Thurmond -
Kuchel Pearson _ Tower
Long, Mo. Prouty Williams, Del
Magnuson Robertson Yarborough
Mansfield Russell, S.O. Young, N. Dak.
McClellan Russell, On. Young, Ohio
McIntyre Saltonstail
Metcalf Scott
NOT VOTING-6 _,.
Clark Ervin McGee
Dodd McCarthy Randolph
ly from the declaration of policy, which
is now the law of the land. It reads:
It is necessary for the national defense and
development of its foreign and domestic
commerce that the United States shall have
a merchant marine (a) sufficient to carry Its
domestic water-borne commerce and sub-
stantial portion of the water-borne export
and import foreign commerce of the United
States and to provide shipping service on all
routes essential for maintaining the flow of
such domestic and foreign water-borne com-
merce at all times; (b) capable of serving
as a naval and military auxiliary in time of
war or national emergency; (c) owned and
operated under the United States Insofar as
ma
be
racticable
and (d)-
y
p
,
So Mr. NELSON'S amendment (No. 417) ?
was rejected. Listen to this-
UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT TO LIMrr composed of the best-equipped, safest, and
DEBATE ON DREWSTER AMENDMENT most suitable types of vessels, constructed In
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I the United States and manned with a trained
ask unanimous consent that on the and efocient citizen personnel.
amendment to be offered by the dis- I believe that these are worthy objec-
tinguished Senator from Maryland [Mr. tives. From the point of view of na-
BREWSTER] there be a time limitation, ; tional defense, there is no question that
not to exceed 30 minutes, up to 15 min-. a large and efficient merchant marine,
utes to a side, to be, controlled by the coupled with a healthy shipbuilding and
distinguished Senator in charge of the ship repair industry, can make a major
bill, the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. contribution to our national security.
STENNIS], and the distinguished Senator
from Maryland [Mr. BREWSTER).
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection?
Mr. MORSE. I object.
Mr. STENNIS. Will the Senator from
Oregon withhold his objection? The
unanimous-consent request applies only
to the amendment offered by the Senator
from Maryland [Mr. BREWSTER].
Mr. MORSE. I misunderstood the re-
quest. I thought it was to govern all
amendments.
Mr. MANSFIELD. No.
Mr. MORSE. I have no objection.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? The Chair hears none, and
the order Is entered.
AMENDMENT NO. 420
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, I call
up my amendment and ask that it be
stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 18,
beginning with the word "That" In line
21, strike out all down through page 19,
line 2, and insert in lieu thereof:
That none of the funds herein appro-
priated may be expended in any foreign
shipyard for (1) the procurement of any ves-
sel, or (2) for the construction of any major
component of the hull or superstructure of
any vessel to be constructed or converted
with funds herein appropriated.
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, this
is a very simple amendment. It requires
that all funds expended for the building
of ships under the appropriation bill be
spent in the United States. 'St would ef-
fectively prevent the purchase of war-
ships for the U.S. Navy overseas. I be-
lieve that the American merchant ma-
rine and our Navy have suffered by the
gradual deterioration of the shipbuilding
industry in the United States. The dec-
laration of policy of the United States
was set forth in the Merchant' Marine
Act of 1936. I should like to quote brief-
No. 157-10
the entire 1st Cavalry Division embarked
for Vietnam by ship. They are needed
for supply functions as well. Some 600
U.S. ships were required to supply Amer-
ican troops in Korea, and the present
situation In southeast Asia has demon-
strated the continuing need for such
vessels. The shipyards, both naval and
private, must also be ready to activate
and repair vessels for service in' the na-
tional defense.
The conclusion of the Harvard Busi-
ness School study for the Navy Depart-
ment in 1945 still holds true today:
The controlling factor In the determination
of the characteristics of shipping and ship-
building activities in the United States in
peacetime as well as In wartime is the na-
tional security.
The value to U.S. commerce of a
healthy merchant marine is equally clear.
There will be gains. in employment, in
returns to the American economy, and in
reliability if a substantial part of our
commerce is carried in U.S. bottoms con-
structed in the United States. This is
particularly important in light of per-
sistent balance-of-payments difficulties.
Yet today only 9 percent of our foreign
commerce moves In American-flag ves-
sels. Norwegian carriers transport twice
as much of the American foreign trade
as U.S.-flag ships. Liberia carries three
times as much as we do. And even from
this poor position, we continue to lose
ground.
These concerns become all the more
urgent in view of the rapid buildup of
the fleets of other nations, most espe-
cially of the Soviet Union. The United
States ranks only fourth in the world in
number of ships afloat, even discounting
the disastrous effects of the current mari-
time strike. The Soviet Union has al-
ready surpassed us-In number of ships
in the active fleet, and may shortly ex-
ceed us in total tonnage afloat.
While nations like Japan and Norway
are engaged In determined efforts to
build up their fleets, we are falling
"farther and farther behind. We now
rank no higher than 11th among ship-
building nations of the world. The
United States-the leading trading na-
tion of the world-risks becoming low
man on the totem pole of international
shipping and shipbuilding activities.
We have recently been informed by
the Department of Defense that after
this appropriation bill passes, it is pro-
posed to buy $60 million worth of war-.
ships for the U.S. Navy from British
shipyards.
I feel that this purchase would repre-
sent a disaster for the American mer-
chant marine, and I am firmly opposed
to such action.
Let me state at the outset, Mr. Presi-
dent, that I appreciate the rationale of
the Defense Department in offering such
a proposal. This country should pur-
chase certain kinds of military equip-
ment abroad, as a partial offset to the
huge amounts that our allies spend on
military procurement in the United
States.
I recognize-and support-the need
for give and take in these transactions.
But there are certain areas in which we
should not give, and shipbuilding leads
that list.
In any military conflict, there is
great need for supply shipping. The av-
erage American fighting soldier requires
nearly 37 pounds a day in supplies, mili-
tary equipment, and other materiel...
During the Korean war, a daily supply
of 20,000 tons of dry cargo and 125,000
barrels of petroleum was required. This
meant that 600 ships had to be diverted
to the military effort.
In Vietnam, there is an urgent need
for the immediate reactivation of ships
In our mothball fleet. For such emer-
gencies, we must maintain a healthy
shipyard industry which can meet this
need.
We do not produce a healthy Ameri-
can shipyard industry by purchasing $60
million of ships in Great Britain.
Already 18 of our yards have gone out
of business during the last decade. More
yards will probably close down during
the coming years-especially if we take
away their business and transfer It to
British yards. And every yard closed
down means that much less security for
the United States in the event of an
emergency.
The maritime editor of the Baltimore
Sun recently pointed out:
If there Oro more than 15 ships to reacti-
vate at one time (for service in Vietnam)
there could also be a problem in the ship-
yards, which have been faced with a shortage
of skills because their men have turned to
Industries with a more definite future.
The problems created by a short-
sighted policy now could be of critical
importance in later emergencies.
And I maintain it is not good policy to
buy U.S. warships overseas.
But, it has been argued, this is a mere
exception to the general policy. This is
only a small purchase.
To those who advance that argument,
I saY:. Look to the record. In early 1963,
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 2AWoved For Release 20041~41~ ;~~-( 050 1 -5 August 25, 1955
the Navy contracted to produce two tor- Saigon. it was transported In aging IST's, foreign aid program is much in excess
pedo boats in Norway. of which only a few now remain. - of the amounts in the formal foreign aid
The Navy described this as "an excep- When the Korean war began. we had bill that the administration sent to Con-
2 2,868 fairly now and efficient dry-cargo ships. gress. There is no justification for
Lion to the general policy," due to "mill- Today a there are only 131 under 15 years of already voted.
taffy necessity." age. In the Government reserve there re- adding My to second the foreign argument aid d alrlret the pro-
chased In September 1963, the Navy pur'- main, along with the famous old Liberties
chased eight more torpedo boats in Nor- , "finished with engines," a few hundred em- posal in the bill involves the exportation
way, for a total of $6.3 million, clout World War 11 vessels. The Navy, can- of American jobs. We had better start
That same year, three destroyer es-, lug last year for ships for an amphibious thinking about our greatest defensive
torts were purchased with U.S. funds in exercise, found that about 15'. ships of the weapon, which is our own economy. We
Portugal. active merchant fleet could meet require- had better stop weakening that economy.
The record, it seems to me, is not very ments of speed and cargo-lifting equipment We need to strengthen that segment of
and, of these, only 121 had an additional
good. Government programs which required feature in standard cargo rig. the economy which is to be found in the
have started are not easy to stop. In 1057 the replacement program of the economic Potential of the shipyards of
We should not, in my opinion, pur subsidized lines began to take effect. The this Country.
cluvsc ships abroad when they could bo world's finest ships are among the 99 built I argue not only for the workers in
built in this country and contribute to a at vast expenditure by those companies with those yards, but for the managers and
healthy American shipyard industry. the help of the Government's construction owners of the yards and the stockhold-
And they should most certainly not be subsidy to the shipyards. They have very ers who have invested in them, as well.
great speed, which is of the essence in war-
purchased abroad if the initial transac- time. Where shore facilities are inadequate I am at a complete loss to understand
tion will balloon into even greater fu- for unloading, they are self-sumcient. Many why it should be proposed in the Senate
ture purchases, each more injurious than ships of the subsidized fleet are already in this afternoon to deny to our own work-
the last to U.S. shipyards. service to Vietnam. But the building pro- ers and stockholders the development of
I concede that those Defense Depart- gram in the face of developing demands in our own shipyards. From the stand-
ment officials responsible for this pro- the Far East has been slowed down by point of our security, that cannot be
posal have the best of intentions. But i budgetary decisions. Justified.
strongly urge that we must do everything An air transport carries limited cargo, but I believe the Senator from Maryland
this is a question of millions of tons. Be-
in our power to halt the decline in our sides, all aircraft are hungry consumers of is to be congratulated on his farsight-
shinbuilding and ship repair industry, ,peel, which is transported by sea. There is edness and foresightedness in the pres-
for the sake of our national security. A " great tanker tonnage available, but we are ent circumstances.
first step in that direction would be to deficient in those of "handy" size for shal. Mr. BREWSTER, I thank the sen-
prohibit such naval warship purchases low ports. Only a few have been built, for Senator from Oregon.
abroad. THE LENGTHENING REACH Mr. TYDINGS. Madam President,
I charge that the U.S. merchant ma- Equipment must go by sea not only to will the Senator yield?
rine and our shipbuilding industry is the an increasing number of American troops but Mr. BREWSTER. I am happy to
withered arm of the U.S. defenses. also to the south Vietnamese Army. Food yield to my colleague from Maryland.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- must go to the population, and bases must Mr. TYDINGS. I would like to as-
sent to have printed in the RECORD an be built with material brought by ship,
date myself with the remarks of the
article entitled "The Withered Arm," by. Meanwhile, cargo ships must haul the sup- senior Senator from Oregon and to eoni-
Mr. Raymond Moley, Published in News- plies for Armed Forces elsewhere. There is mend the distinguished senior Senator
week, issue of August 30.v It discusses th lifeline to Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and from Maryland for his amendment. I
Ale ek%. A number of vessels are . committed
the very points I have made here. by law to serve essential trade routes, We hope that the distinguished Senator
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. ship foreign -aid and must also try to con- from Mississippi will consider accept-
NEUDERGER in the chair). Is there tinue to carry the 5 percent of our commer- ing it.
objection? vial cargoes that go by the U.S. ships-when This country has grown great as a
There being no objection, the article they are not strikebound. maritime nation. Since the Revolution-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, More than 99 percent of all American over- ary War it has grown great by its ability
as follows: seas transport is by Ship.
May we look for help from our maritime to compete with any and all ships afloat.
THE WITHERED ARM-II friends? The price. is rising, for they are However, it is well known that our
(By Raymond Moley) busy and also carry for the Russians and shipbuilding industry is, to put it mildly,
Above the din of jet aircraft, the news did Red China. Many of their ships have been not now in the best of situations. In
not penetrate to the Senate Appropriations thriving in the enemy supply line to the view of this fact, it does not make sense
Committee that the future of our position in Vietcong. While the power of Britain fal-. to permit and encourage the Defense
southeast Asia rests on sea transport. tern at Singapore, her shipping companies- Department to purchase ships and have
Simultaneously with the ominous weakening whining "freedom of the seas"-lengthen the tbuilt in foreign shipyards, unless
of Singapore in the defense of the crucial Communist reach toward the free world's them h faced with disc emergency.
Malacca Strait, the committee canceled a British-protected Jugular vein east of Suez, are a
cargo ship added by the House to the build- Japan, like Britain and West Germany, I hope the distinguished Senator from
ing program which is a vital part of our builds ships for the Communists, and de- Mississippi will consider the need of this
power to meet critical events in the par mands that we return Okinawa-a staging country to maintain a strong shipbuild-
East. base for the war in Vietnam. It is in that ing industry.
War in Vietnam, like the Korean war, is peculiar "one worll" of international ship- It is important to the future of our
a maritime operation that rests on our capa- ping that we must now shop around to sup- country, both for defense and for the
bility of delivering men and equipment plement our "fourth arm of defense."
economy, that we build our own ships
across thousands of miles of sea. ,For Korea Mr. MORSE. Madam President, will
we had "a bridge of ships" which is gone and that sail them.
today. the Senator Yield? I believe that the amendment of the
In an article recently prepared for publi- Mr. BREWSTER. I am happy to senior Senator from Maryland would be
cation, Adm. John D. Hayes, USN (retired), yield to the senior Senator from Oregon. a firm step forward in that direction.
points up that in the Korean war, Japan was Mr. MORSE. Madam President, I Mr. BREWSTER. I thank my dis-
a base of operations not unlike Britain in highly commend the Senator from tinguished colleague from Maryland for
the war against Germany. We have no Such Maryland for his amendment and for his eloquent comments and vigorous Sup-
nearby base today and must depend on the his argument in support of it. There
more distant Okinawa. Guam, and Philip- are two aspects I wish to emphasize in port.
Madam President, how much time
pines, In Japan there is virulent opposition its support.
to our Vietnamese policy and a political. have I remaining?
situation that is none too stable. This Is really an additional foreign
FINISHED WITH ENGINES aid program by some $7 billion of for- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
At Da Nang, Hayes points out, marines eign, assistance, including, In round Senator's time has expired.
landed from virtually the same ships that numbers, $3.5 billion that the Senate Mr. STENNIS. Madam President,
landed their. ancestors on Okinawa in 1945 voted yesterday afternoon: this is a very important question. As I
and at Inchon in 1950. The 178d Airborne The American people need to know, as see it, the merits of the question are not
Brigade was not airlifted from Okinawa to I argued Yesterday afternoon, that the only as they appear on the surface.
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 Apppv&gdhl'oeb;eI 2004/01/1 Sn Il9 9 320 20917.
in the beginning I favored the posi- Mr. STENNIS. I yield to the Senator - However, it could not be done in any
tion taken by the Senator from Mary- from Massachusetts. good faith whatsoever. They came in
land [Mr. Baswsrsal. The subcommit Mr. SALTONSTALL. At present, the and outlined the perimeter of the pro
tee and the full committee went fully program involves one ocean salvage gram. A record was made of that. Of
into the entire matter, and I became tug, four yard tugboats, two survey course the "Buy-American" Act is op-
firmly convinced, after talking with the ships, and four ocean minesweepers.... plicable to these funds.
Secretary of the Treasury and the See- Mr. ROBERTSON. I thank the Sen- Mr. HARTKE. Why could we not
retary of Defense, that it was a sound ator from Massachusetts. treat England fairly and say, "We will
position for us not to preclude the buying Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senators permit $50 to $60 million to be spent in
of a few small ships from the United for the question and the answer. England?"
Kingdom. I emphasize that this Is a far-reaching Mr. STENNIS. I am glad that the
The bill provides $1.5 billion for the policy question. It was thoroughly Senator brought that point up. That
construction and conversion of Navy studied and should not be lightly con-, has been considered from the stand-
ships plus a carryover of $400 million sidered or voted on by the Senate. point of Germany and Italy. Germany
more, which will make available, In I asked the Secretary of Defense to Is already paying us in cash more than
round figures, almost $2 billion, for this furnish us with a letter. I have received $600 million a year for the military sup-
program. that letter, which sets forth his assur- plies that she is receiving from us.
Having a small number of small ships ances about his approaches to the Mr. HARTKE. Madam President, I
built in the United Kingdom will not situation. believe that in all fairness the Senator
amount to more than $50 or $60 million, I look upon the proposition as a would agree that that Is, in part, an
as now contemplated. meager token move by us in that direc- agreement whereby we are using the
This is the rest of the picture: The tion, and an attempt to take care of the manpower overseas to protect them
United Kingdom has agreed to buy from situation-not in balance at all-in against communism.
us almost $2 billion worth of military which so much is to be purchased from Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, I
aircraft. Great Britain has already us. raised that point. What will we do
made this announcement, and the pro- The British are already spending $500 about Germany, Italy, Japan, and the
gram is already in effect so far as that million a year in cash for the Polaris other countries? There Is nothing pond-
country is concerned. With the spare submarine. That is another illustration ing concerning that situation.
parts that are to follow, the amount of what the British are paying. Mr. HARTKE. Madam President, it
could well equal $3 billion. This has Mr. LAUSCHE. Madam President, seems to me that we would open the door
been represented to the committee by the . will tho Senator yield? for the expenditure of approximately $2
Secretary of the Treasury and the Sec- Mr. STENNIS. I yield. billion in order to protect about $50 to
- retary of Defense, separately. I have Mr. LAUSCHE, Madam President, $60 million.
before me the papers with reference to will the Senator repeat the figures on Mr. million.
Madam Pwe
the financing. what our expenditures would be in Eng- wnot STENNIS.
opening the door President, i any se.
I wish the Senator from Oregon were land for the purchase of, ships and what would oueCongress ddoes not sit-
In the Chamber now. He said this was the British expenditure would be in the uation of over ih This does
not ex-
another foreign aid program. I found United States for the purchase of air- tion ercise will obsolfut control. l. again next year.
it to be a hard loan from beginning to planes? The bill comes considered o cs up every as Seat.
end, paying 4.75-percent interest; that Mr. STENNIS. I have that informa- The knows, and ey year, r, as the
con-
It is repayable over a period of 7 years tron here in the form of a memorandum. trator ol over the nd we rm.
after the last disbursement. The Ex- The British have options to order air- Mr. SALTONSTALL. Madam Presl-
port-Import Bank has already agreed to craft from us at a total cost of approxi- dent, will the Senator yield?
the initial part of the loan. " mately $2 billion, depending on the n, illl he e I r yie.
This is a huge item. It represents a amount of the United Kingdom com-
marked change in policy by the Govern- ponents used. That information Is given Mr. SALTONSTALL. Madam Presi-
ment of the United Kingdom. in detail. The memorandum mentions dent, I should say that the situation
My first Impression was that this was that spare parts would bring the total could be summed up in about one sen-
a soft loan and not a good thing, but to $3 billion, which is the amount now tence.
after going into it fully I became over- contemplated. I quote from Secretary McNamara's
whelmingly convinced that it is a sound That would be over a period of years. testimony:
policy, one that is highly important. In other words, they are almost going Recently in connection with the potential
From speaking with the Secretary of out of the business of building military sale of about $1.5 million of such equipment,
Defense I do not doubt that the United planes. This is to be a hard loan, as I a foreign government (England) asked us if
States will be well represented in any have explained, with 4% percent interest we would be willing to allow it to compete
trading or bargaining when he is the payable within 7 years of termination of for the manufacture of certain military
procurement and delivery. equipment to be bought m this country.
of of D cy efman has has an~ot n side. in minha t thha att is a a Mr LAUSCHE. Madam President, In other words, they would be allowed
sot policy . what is the amount of the expenditures to compete. There was no agreement.
Tphe oli Secretary , er rny g thithing ff Defense that nos n a not that we would be making in Britain in They were to be allowed to offer bids to
Tl dolldo's s worth d os the purchase of these ships? compete with the industry in this coun-
ships from oo b buy uy thf a a sinngle in. Hehae Mr. STENNIS. The ships Involved try. Approximately $60. million for one
agree
agreed that if theyed are Kingg be dom. built, will run about $60 million. ocean salvage tug, four yard tugboats,
op oer h- Mr. HARTKE. Madam President, two survey ships, and"four ocean mine-
United K Kin ingd dom et m w ha ave an y off e will the Senator yield? sweepers are involved at the present time.
extthem a e to bin chance a them m. competeWe mera Mr STENNIS. I yield. That is all that is'on the list now. They
exe of the r e . That y is thh ott e Mr. HAP-ME. Madam President, as bid for those In competition.
Mr. ROBERTTSON. SON. M M.adam President, I understand It, here is about $1.5 bil-
r. We would receive $1.5 billion or more of
will the Senator yield? - lion In the fund. business in England. We must remem-
Mr. STENNIS. I yield. Mr. STENNIS. No. To show how ber that they gave up 22,000 Jobs in
Mr. ROBERTSON. The inference small the amount is, there is a?carry building airplanes in order to have air-
that might be drawn from the remarks over of $400 million. planes built in this country.
of the distinguished Senator from Mary- Mr. HARTKE. That would be ap- Mr. HARTKE. Madam President, I
land is that we shall let the British ship- proximately $2 billion. As I understood, am in favor of helping England. I do
yards build armed freighters-or passen- the Senator states that it is expected not come from a shipbuilding State. So,
ger ships which would go into our mer- that only $50 to $60 million would be I am not arguing from any personal
chant marine. What type of ship Iscon-. spent overseas. However, could the en- standpoint in this regard. The only
templated? tire amount not-.be spent overseas? point I make is that this proposal would
. Mr. SALTONSTALL. " Madam Presi- Mr. STENNIS. There Is no prohibi-' open the door for the expenditure of ap-
dent, will the Senator yield?. tion in the bill against spending it. proximately $2 billion, or, to put it
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another way, $2,000 million, in order to
protect $50 to $60 million.
I do not see why we could not place a
limitation on that and provide that we
would permit $75 million to be spent
there and protect the balance. It would
leave us with approximately $1,900
million.
Mr. STENNIS, Madam President, we
would be receiving $2 billion in orders
for the items that I have mentioned, and
all we would be promising to do would
be to allow them to compete with domes-
tic shipyards on these ships.
Mr. HARTKE. We could allow them
to compete with reference to $100 million
rather than the $2 billion.
Mr. STENNIS. No; with all due def-
erence the Senator has that wrong.
Mr. HARTKE. Can the Senator show
me where I am wrong?
Mr. STENNIS. We are not promising
to buy anything. We are merely going
to allow them to compete for $60 million
of business.
Mr. HARTKE. Madam President, I
understand that, but we have approxi-
mately $1.9 billion provided for in the
bill. We are saying that approximately
$50 to $60 million, or less than $100
million, would be open for competition in
shipbuilding in England.
Mr. SALTONSTALL, The Senator is
correct.
Mr. HARTKE. Madam President, I
am saying that there Is more than $1,800
million on which the door is left wide
open for the Defense Department. I
thought that was what the Senator
stated a moment ago.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Not the Defense
Department. England is going to place
those orders in the United States. As I
understand, there are firm orders for
$1.5 billion, almost $2 billion worth of
orders, here in the United States,
Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, the
Buy American Act actually now protects
the situation to which the Senator is
referring because the existing regulations
under the Buy American Act requires the
Secretary of Defense to apply a 50-per-
cent differential in evaluating any for-
eign bid. Under this proposal they
would be allowed to bid without the
differential.
Mr. HARTKE. I understand that.
Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, I
yield 3 minutes to the Senator. from
Massachusetts.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Madam Presi-
dent, there are firm orders that the Brit-
ish have placed in the United States for
almost $1 billion, and it would later in-
volve several hundred million more
dollars. The British Prime Minister and
the British Cabinet are involved They
minute to reply.
Mr. LAUSCHE. Madam President, re- Hon. CARL HAYDEN,
serving the right to object, if the Senator Chairman, Committee on Appropriations,
U.S. uses 1 minute, I will not object. Senate,
DEAD MR. CHAIRMAN: I writing In
mn-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Madam President, noct lo n with your consideration on Wednes-
nes
I ask unanimous consent that the Sena- day, August 16, of the proposed amendment
tor may proceed for 1 minute. to the Defense appropriations bill which
Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, re- would Impose an absolute prohibition on
serving the right to object, if the debate the purchase of ships abroad.
is resumed, I shall ask for time. During the past 4 years, our Government
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without has taken orders for the sale to foreign gov-
ernments Senator Oregon is of over $9 billion of U,S: manufac-
tured defense products. These orders will
recognized for 1 minute. provide over 1 million man-years of employ-
Mr. MORSE. Madam President, I ment for U.S. labor and produce almost $1
point out to the Senator from Missis- billion in additional profits to U.S. industry.
sippi that this proposal raises a very im- Of even greater importance to our Govern-
portant legislative policy. It demon- ment, the sales will bring $9 billion pay-
strates what the Appropriations Corn- 'monts as a partial offset to our adverse bal-
mittee is doing legislatively time and a'nce of payments. These are unsubsidized
- sales: They are the result of actions taken
time again In the Senate. I do not be
personally leeve the interests of the stockholders son and Secretaries cDillon, Presidents Fowler, MeNaNaon Kennedy and -
-
of American shipyards should be trad- mara, and Vance. They are good for U.S.
ing material for the Appropriations labor, good for U.S. business, and essential to
Commmittee of the Senate. I believe one Nation.
this is a good example of why we have to Recently, Mr. Vance and I participated In
place restrictions on the Appropriations negotiations -with the British Government
Committee- which led to firm orders for the sale of al-
Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, will most a billion dollars of U.S.-manufactured
the Senator yield? equipment and options for the sale of several
Mr. MORSE. No; I have only 1 hundred million more. Because these orders -
required the approval of the Prime Minister
minute. and the British Cabinet and because they
We should not be agreeing to repre- resulted in the cancellation of the British
sentations by the Appropriations Coin- TSR-2 fighter aircraft program and the elim-
mittee that have all these legislative ination in that one program of over 22,000
Implications. What England does is her jobs in the United Kingdom, the British
business. What we do should be our asked that we agree to buy a small amount of
business. We should stop exporting defense products from their Industries, I
American Jobs to Great Britain, or any- stated we could give no such assurance.
They then modified their request and asked
where else, by adopting the proposed that we agree, as a matter of principle, to
amendment. consider the procurement of certain defense
Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, I items from British suppliers when such sup-
hold in my hand two letters written by pliers were fully competitive In terms of
the Secretary of Defense, and I ask quality and costs with U.S. manufacturers.
unanimous consent to have them printed This we agreed 'to do. To date, under this
in the RECORD for the information of arrangement, we have procured nothing from
Senators. British firms, and I do not anticipate that
In the future we would procure from the
There being no objection, the letters United Kingdom as much as even 10 percent
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of our sales to them. For us to achieve those
as follows: sales, however, It to absolutely essential that
THE SECRETARY Or DEFENSE, we have the right to make such procure-
Washington. monts when these can be justified on the
Hon. JOHN STENNIS, basis of competitive standards of quality and
Acting Chairman, Subcommittee on Depart- cost, Such procurements are entirely con-
ment of Defense, Committee on Appro- sistent with the Buy American Act, which
priations, V.S. Senate, Washington, D.O. requires the Government to procure from
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am enclosing a copy U.S. manufacturers except where the na-
of a letter which I sent to Chairman HAYDEN tional Interest will be better served by buy-
yesterday setting forth the reasons why a mg abroad. At present, I am Insisting that
prohibition against purchase of ships from the Defense Department procure its equip-
foreign sources would be contrary to the ment and services from U.S. manufacturers
Nation's interest. I very much hope that whenever this can be done at a price not in
the committee will agree with the views not excess of 50 percent above the price offered
forth in the letter and will not seek to incor- by foreign manufacturers-I plan to continue
porate such a prohibition in the appropria- that policy except in those isolated cases
More bill. where the national interest requires other
In accordance will your request, I have action. The proposed amendment to the
also Issued instructions that the committee Defense appropriations' bill would prohibit
be provided periodically with Information on such exceptions In the national Interest and
canceled the British TSR-2 fighter which International purchases and sales of defense almost surely would result in the cancella-
000 jobs in the United articles involving'the United States. Spe- tion of British orders from U.S. manufac-
cost them 22
,
Kingdom. The British asked that we, eifically, we propose to provide every 6 turers.
agree to buy a Certain amount of rod- months a report indicating the sales of U.S.- ' I strongly urge you to vote against the
p manufactured defense products to foreign amendment.
nets from her defense Industries. We governments and the purchases by the De- - Sincerely,
said we could not do it, but we would fense Department of defense Products from ROBERT S. McNAMARA.
allow them to compete. So we agreed foreign sources. The first report will be
to spend about $60 million for 6 or 8 for the period ending December 31, 1965, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
ships there, but England is spending will be submitted as soon after December 31 question is on agreeing to the amend-
over $1 billion in this country. From as the data is available. Further reports ment of the Senator from Maryland [Mr'.
my standpoint, it is a good trade. will then be furnished at 6-month intervals. BREWSTER].
I hope that this Information will prove to The Chair is in doubt.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time be of value to the committee.
on the amendment has expired. sipcerely, . Mr. MORSE. Madam-President, I ask
Mr. MORSE. Madam President I ask ROBERT S. MCNAMARA. for a division.
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Mr. LAUSCHE. Madam President, I NOT VOTING-a phis, Tenn. I?hope I may make a brief
ask for the yeas and nays. Anderson Ervin McGee statement and ask some questions in that
The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is Clark Hart Randolph connection of the senator from Missis-
not a sufficient second. Dodd McCarthy sippi.
The yeas and nays were not ordered. So Mr. BaZWSTER's amendment was Mr. STENNIS. I yield to the Senator
Mr. MORSE. Madam President,. I rejected. on that basis.
suggest the absence of a quorum, Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, I Mr. GORE. I hope I may do this with-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The move that the vote by which the amend- out being considered provincial. I know
clerk will call the roll. menu was rejected be reconsidered. that if the planes with which pilots are
The legislative clerk proceeded to call Mr. SALTONSTALL. Madam Presi training are needed in Vietnam, the
the roll. dent, I move that the motion to recon- planes should be in Vietnam. I do not
Mr. MANSFIELD. Madam President, sider be laid on the table. question that. It occurs to me that with
I ask unanimous consent that the order The motion to lay on the table was a potentially acute need for men trained
for the quorum call be rescinded. agreed to. to fly large transport aircraft, it is profli-?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr, MAGNUSON. Madam President, gate to discontinue or deactivate the
objection, it is so ordered. will the Senator from Mississippi yield training of a large number of well-trained
Mr. MANSFIELD. Madam President, for a question? competent pilots. It occurred to me that
I ask for the yeas and nays on the pend- Mr. STENNIS. I yield to the Senator if the C-123's are needed in Vietnam,
ing amendment. from Washington for a question. perhaps those men could be trained in
The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. MAGNUSON. Madam President, the flying of other planes. I have dis-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I, and several other Senators who voted cussed this matter at length with the
question is on agreeing to the amend- against the Brewster amendment in com- distinguished junior Senator from Missis-
ment of the Senator from Maryland [Mr. mittee did so because we felt, after long sippi, and he has told me that it is not a
BREWSTER]. The yeas and nays have examination of the situation in great de- matter of money. I should like to in-
been ordered, and the clerk will call the tail, that it presented a unique problem, quire of the Senator what is possible for
roll. and that, in considering all the facts, it use to do under the circumstances.
The legislative clerk called the roll, Pointed to being in the national interest Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, the
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I announce not to adopt the amendment. two troop carrier groups at Memphis to
that the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. This is the best policy we could adopt which the Senator has referred were
ANDERSON], the Senator from Connecti- In this particular case. notified yesterday-at least the an-
cut [Mr. Donn], the Senator from Mich- I was not in the Chamber to hear all nouncement has been made, but whether
igan [Mr. HART], the Senator from the colloquy, but I am sure the Senator they have been officially notified or not,
Wyoming [Mr. McGEE], and the Senator from Mississippi will verify for me that I do not know-that the squadrons will
from West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH] are despite the debate, it was our distinct be deactivated because of the lack of
absent on official business. understanding, both from the Secretary planes, and will not have any further
I further announce that the Senator of Defense and others Involved, that re- existence. I invite the attention of Sen-
from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK], the Sen- jection of this amendment in no way ators to the fact that these are two of
ator from North Carolina [Mr. ERVIN], sets a precedent In this particular field, the finest squadrons of cargo carrier
and the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. and that the situation itself was separate planes that we have in the entire Reserve.
MCCARTHY] are necessarily absent. and apart and involved the question of They are of exceptional ability. This is
I further announce that, if present and the national interest, and we were sure the group which volunteered to do the
voting, the Senator from North Carolina that doing what we did was in the best cargo carrying work in the Dominician
[Mr. ERVIN] and the Senator from Wyo- Interests of the country. Republic incident. They flew with abil-
ming [Mr. MCGEE] would each vote Let me ask the Senator from Missis- ity and distinction. Only last week the
"nay." sippi, is that not a fair statement? Air Force gave them a special award for
On this vote, the Senator from Con- Mr. STENNIS. Madam President, the their achievement.
necticut [Mr. DoDII] Is paired with the Senator's statement is entirely fair and Now they find themselves deactivated.
Senator from West Virginia [Mr. RAN- correct. It is an unusual situation and Last year they had about 23 cargo planes.
DOLPH]. If present and voting, the Sen- undoubtedly Is in the best Interests of That number was reduced to 13. For the
ator from Connecticut would vote "yea," the United States. past month or two they have been train-
and the Senator from West Virgin Before I was acquainted with the facts, ing with the same planes; one group was
would vote "nay." my first impression was that I was op- trained one day and the other group the
The result was announced-yeas 20, posed to the purchase of any ships- next day. In other words, the planes
nays 72, as follows: Mr. MAGNUSON. So was I. had to do double duty. These planes are
[No. 237 Leg.] Mr. STENNIS. Yes, but later I was needed in Vietnam, since they are the
YEAS-20 strongly In favor of the Position the type of cargo planes-relatively short
sons Kennedy, N.Y. Proxmire Senator from Washington has just range-that are being used primarily
Bayh Long, La. Ribicoff taken. I have no doubt about it. there. Much of our material In that
Brewster McIntyre Russell, B.C. Mr. MAGNUSON. Madam President, area is supplied by air. This is a classic
Cotton Montoya Scott I have one more question to ask the Sen- illustration of what happens to a fine
Gruelling Morse Smith ator from Mississippi. I know that the
Hanks Nelson Tydtnge group of men. There are over 1,300 Re-
Kennedy, Mass. Neuberger Senator realizes-and I am sure he has serve personnel In the group. In addi-
NAYS-72 the same opinion that Ihave-that if a tion there are about 150 technicians and
Aiken Harris Moss matter were to come up in the regular more than 180 other type personnel.
Allott Hayden Mundt . course of our dealings with those,coun-. They were being trained and doing
Bartlett Hlckenlooper Murphy tries, which would Involve the same sit- splendid work in the Reserve. Then sud-
Bible t Hui Muskie nation, the majority of the Senate, if it
Bible Holland Ptore dntly they were kicked in the face and
Boggs Hruska Pearson - were a normal case and not a peculiar let out.
Burdick Inouye Pell case, or different from what we are deal- Primarily the cause is the lack of a
Byrd, Va. Jackson Prouty Ing with now, would not vote to do what
Byrd, W. Va. Javits Robertson sufficient number of planes. The planes
Cannon Jordan, N.C. Russell, Ga. we did today. Is that correct? were needed in Vietnam. There is no
Carlson Jordan, Idaho Saltonstall Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is cor- margin.
Ch Kuchel Simpson rect. The general protection is available
Church Laus h Smpsone Mr. GORE. Is it not possible that our
Cooper Long, Mo. Sparkman under the Buy American Act, which is greatest need could be trained pilots?
Curtis Magnuson Stennis still the law of the land. NNIS Dome ick Mansfield Talmadgen Mr. GORE. Madam President, will Mr. STEat inv That is correct. We a
Douglas McGovern Thurmond the Senator yield? have greae Investment there. I make
Eastland McNamara -Tower that s statement entirely aside from my
Ellender - Metcalf Williams, N.J. Mr. STENNIS. I yield. - personal viewpoint. These men are
Fannin - Minor Williams, Del. Mr. GORE. The Department of De- trained and ready to go. They per-
Fong Mondale Yarborough fense recently announced the deactiva- formed outstanding service in the
Fuibright Mommney Young, N. Bak,
Grua _ _Marcen _ _ _snuna. ohia _. tlozLO1_twa RESeSYe_g1p gnltq $F Mem Dominican Republic activity. Now they
 20920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 25, 1965
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are grounded. They are left out of the I express my appreciation to the Sons might disprove someone's theory that
picture. I asked the question of the Air ator from Mississippi, the chairman the Reserves are not ready, because these
they going to do with the men? The Air
Force said, "They are in the Reserve."
Mr. BASS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I shall be glad to yield
in a moment. I wish to cover this point
first. There is nothing we can do about
putting more money in the bill to meet
this situation. That kind of amend-
ment I would be glad to accept. Mem-
phis is one of the better cities in north
Mississippi, as the Senator understands.
We claim it in part. however; there is
nothing that we can do about this situ-
ation. This Is an executive decision by
the Air Force. There is no reason why
this group was selected and put out of
business. There are a great many good,
reasons why it should not be put out of
business.
Mr. GORE. As the Senator has
stated, the decision has not been made
for lack of funds.
Mr. STENNIS. No.
Mr. GORE. Funds would be sufficient
to continue this activity if the planes
were available. Is that correct?
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is correct.
Mr. GORE. Has the Senator a help-
ful suggestion? I would be glad to offer
an amendment, if an amendment were
needed. My junior colleague from
Tennessee and the Senator from Ar-
kansas, I am sure, would join me. If that
is not the case, is there some action that
we can take?
Mr. STENNIS. I was very much dis-
turbed by this matter, and yesterday I
had prepared in my office, by my staff,
the basis of a letter to be sent to the
Secretary of Defense, reciting these facts,
and what these men had done, and the
need for continuing the strength which
they represent. We asked him not only
to explain the reasons why these two
squadrons should be deactivated, but
.asked him directly to intervene in this
case. We also asked if at all consistent
with the national welfare, that these two
squadrons be reactivated, if not with the
same planes, then with planes of equal or
better quality.
Mr. GORE. Will the Senator permit
me to join him in that letter?
Mr. STENNIS. I am glad to do so.
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Madam Presi-
dent, will the Senator yield to me?
Mr. STENNIS. I shall be happy to
yield to the Senator from Texas, but
first I should like to yield to the Senator
from Tennessee [Mr. BASS], who previ-
ously asked me to yield.
Mr. BASS. I appreciate the courtesy
of the distinguished committee chair-
man in yielding to me.
I should like to join my senior colleague
from Tennessee in expressing concern
over the deactivation of the two out-
standing fighter squadrons in Memphis.
As the Senator from Mississippi knows,
I have personally discussed the question
with him in an effort to see if we could
not arrive at some solution. Along the
lines my colleague has stated, we found
handling the proposed legislation, for
the interest which he has shown in the
problem. I should also like to join in
the effort to insist that the Secretary
of Defense personally intervene In this
situation, and find whether these meri-
torious men who have been serving in
the Reserves, and who are well-trained
personnel, cannot be used in the neces-
sary defense effort. I do not believe the
Senator, I, or any of us would ask the
Defense Department to reactivate or to
continue using these squadrons merely
for the purpose of continuing personnel
on a payroll or in jobs.
But, as the Senator has pointed out,
a squadron that has recently received
an award for. meritorious service-one
that has been well trained and recently
used in a very important operation of our
Defense Department-could well be used
in the present defense effort. I hope the
Senator from Mississippi will continue
his efforts to assist us in the problem.
Mr. STENNIS. I appreciate the Sen-
ator's remarks, and his joining in the
effort.
I see the Senator from Texas [Mr.
YARBOROUGH] is present in the Chamber.
Only yesterday at noontime the Senator
from Texas mentioned to me that a
squadron in his State was involved.
That was the first I knew about it. I am
glad to yield to the Senator from Texas,
for I know, he has a deep concern.
Mr. YARBOROUGH. I thank the dis-
tinguished Senator from Mississippi for
yielding to me.
Of the four squadrons deactivated in
the Transport Command, one was at Fort
Worth, Tex. It is an extremely efficient
unit. I am sure the record will show
that its performance has been superior.
It has been either excellent or superior
men are ready in the places named.
They have taken training.
I hope that the distinguished Senator
from Mississippi, in presenting the case
to the Department of Defense, as he is so
capable of doing, and as he has so ably
done in relation to so many other ques-
tions, as chairman of the vital subcom-
mittee that he heads, in relation to this
vast defense appropriation, will call at-
tention to the fact that there are men
trained, ready to serve, ready to go, and
that money might be saved by using
them rather than starting all over on
some other type of project to fill this air
transport requirement-because that is
what it is-transporting equipment to
the places where the equipment is
needed.
I thank the distinguished Senator. As
he has so generously said, I took this
question up with him privately in the
open session in an effort to get some ad-
justments for the use of those fine men -
at the Fort Worth unit.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
for his remarks. I share the concern
that he has expressed so well.
I should like to state one additional'
fact. There are 75 squadrons in the Air
Force Reserve. Four of them are being
deactivated. Among the four, two are
deactivated in Memphis. I repeat:
There are two in Memphis deactivated
out of a total of four in the Nation. One
was removed from Fort Worth. No an-
nouncement has yet been made as to
location of the fourth one.
Mr. TOWER. Madam President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I yield.
Mr. TOWER. I commend my distin-
guished senior colleague from Texas for
at all times. Along with two Memphis his very appropriate, and cogent com-
units and another, the Fort Worth unit ments on the question, and I desire to
As I understand, they were not in-
activated because of any deficiency in
the men themselves or any deficiency of
performance. They have demonstrated
excellent performance. Their inactiva-
tion was the result of a certain type
of plane, or something like that. We
read that these men are needed. Trans-
portation is needed. Commonsense tells
us that when there is a great military
buildup in South Vietnam, 8,000 miles
away, supply is a larger problem than the
people on the ground. It requires more
men to supply the fighting men than
there are fighting men in Vietnam.
associate myself with his remarks. At
a time when we are facing a really criti-
cal point in our sea and air transport,
and when we are confronting what is
tantamount to a wartime need-a need
to anticipate and increase our ability-
the important question. is not merely
whether the equipment is available, but
whether trained crews are available.
Everyone knows that if the crews are
not maintained, men will have,to be re-
trained later on in order to meet the
need. The action taken certainly is not
a wise move at the present time.
The Department of Defense gave only
the briefest of notice to Congress about
In Korea, which is not as far away as the announced cutback of four Air Force
Vietnam, the figures show that during Reserve troop carrier groups, including
the Korean conflict-and we have studied the 923d at Carswell Air Force Base, Fort
the question in relation to the GI bill- Worth, Tex.
a majority of those in the service never This will result in a reduction in the
got into the combat zone-not even number of troop carrier aircraft avail-
the Air Force and the Navy-because the able at a time when our shortcomings
problem of supply was so big when they in both sealift and airlift are being
were so many thousands of miles away. Pointed out by the long supply line to
Those trained men who have kept them- Vietnam.
selves in a combat ready state all those The worse loss, however, would be in
years should not be lightly cast aside to personnel. Trained troop carrier crews
build up some other activity, and to train are hard to come by, and have been
others for that purpose. called up In every crisis since World War
funds are available if the Defense De- The Government has a big investment H. In the Dominican crisis, many of
partment can find a use for these squad-' in keeping those men ready. They are the reserve troop carrier groups were
rons in the defense effort. in Read Reserve units. Perhaps it utilized.
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Rather than eliminate these groups read most course ing us with imperialistic policies, to have
and, in effect, end their crew availabil- of my remarks on what I consider to be some basis in fact.
ity, I believe it would be better to simply a very serious subject, and which, may As a member of the Committee on
reduce the number of aircraft used for I say to the Senate, is likewise so con- Foreign Relations, I have spoken on the
Reserve training purposes, or assign at sidered by other members of the For- floor of the Senate for many years, and
least a few newer troop carrier planes eign Relations Committee with whom I have branded _ that kind of despicable
to these reserves so the crews can main- have talked today. Communist Propaganda as fabrication,
tain present proficiency. .I do not be- May I say to the Senator from Missis- as it has been, for the most part.
lieve this cutback is wise defense' sippi and the Senator from Massachu- I say to my President that his admin-
strategy. setts [Mr. SALTON5TALL], the ranking istration cannot continue this type of
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. minority member of the Appropriations intervention under the name of research
I appreciate his remarks. Committee, whom I see on the floor, that and not find that many non-Commu-
The two groups at Memphis, I under- we deeply appreciate the splendid serv- nists around the world suspect that per-
stand, have been reduced already from , ice they have rendered by using their -hags there is a grain of truth in some
the 31 aircraft authorized to 13. They great prestige and influence in causing of the Communist propaganda.
flew almost 400,000 ton-miles and pas- the Camelot research project to be I predict that more Camelot projects
senger-miles in support of the recent dropped from this bill. will be discovered in other countries of
emergency in the Dominican Republic. But dropping it from the bill does not Latin America and elsewhere.
For the record, I wish to state that these eliminate the inherent dangers of the Only recently, our Ambassador to
groups have recently been commended policy that it represented. Neither does Brazil was able to stop another of our
by the" Air Force for their. outstanding it change the fact that the Defense De- militarily sponsored research forays, this
performance. partment was willing to go along with one into Brazil. Have we no sense
Mr. BASS. Will the Senator yield? such a program. This particular re- whatsoever? How would the American
_ Mr. STENNIS. I yield to the Senator search project is not the only one that people react if the Brazilian Govern-
from Oklahoma. the Department of Defense has been ment were to sponsor a research project
Mr. BASS. I wish again to express financing under its research program. in the United States to determine why
my appreciation for the interest the Sen- Therefore, some of us who are mem- there have been Negro riots in the South,
ator has taken in this problem, and we bers of the Committee on Foreign Rela- In Los Angeles, and in Chicago? I
hope something can be worked out to tions feel that a public hearing on this might add that Brazil has as much right
use these two important units. problem is due. I propose to give that to advise us in these matters as we have
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator public hearing now. to advise them.
for his remarks. I endorse the statement of the chair- We have no business and no right to
I am going to ask for a review of the man of the Committee on Foreign Rela- be conducting, with military research
entire situation with reference to these tions and wish to elaborate upon it be- funds, investigations into the cultural
Reserve troop carrier units. It is true cause, as chairman of the Subcommittee and social activities in Chile, which
that the new ones coming out have a on American Republics Affairs, I have Camelot involved, or in any other
heavier carrying capacity, some of them seen the great damage that can be done country.
almost twice that of the planes now being- by the uncontrolled research activities That should be considered off limits
sent to Vietnam. It is true they are of totally incompetent research men op- for American foreign policy. We are
needed in Vietnam. But the preservation erating under the guidance of military - now reaping some of the great losses we
of the skill, ability, and training of these minds. are suffering because we have permitted
men will unquestionably be endangered, It was quite by chance that Project the CIA to develop its police state tactics,
unless something is done. . Camelot was discovered. It was can- me iods, and procedures within the
Mr. BASS. Now is not the time to lose celed only after the protest of Members framework of the. American democracy.
it. of Congress and our very able Ambassa- Senators know that a few years ago
Mr. STENNIS. Yes. Madam Presi- dor to Chile, Ambassador Dungan, the Subcommittee on Latin American
dent, so far as the Senator from Missis- I predict that other Projects Camelot Affairs, of which I was chairman, con-
sippi knows, there is no further question - will be discovered in other countries in ducted an investigation into the back-
now. Latin America, and perhaps elsewhere. ground of the action at the Bay of Pigs.
I ask unanimous consent that I may In fact, only today I have been ad- I said at that time on the floor of the
yield to the Senator from Oregon- vised that in probably some 40 countries Senate, and I say now, that had it not
Mr. MORSE. I prefer the floor in my the United States, to its discredit, is par- been for the secrecy under which the
own right. ticipating in an intervention under the CIA operates, there never would have
Mr. STENNIS. I yield the floor. guise of conducting research projects in Seen a Bay of Pigs.
Mr. MORSE. Madam President, there the field of social sciences. This kind of tommyrot that has been
are several points upon which I wish to I am at a loss -to understand how carried on by the Defense Establishment
comment for the RECORD before we come bureaucratic minds could have become under the name of research is an ex-
to a final vote on the pending proposed so twisted, and could have completely. tension of the police state tactics of the
legislation. suffered such a lapse of commonsense as QIA. That is why the senior Senator
The junior Senator from Mississippi to Propose a series of research projects from Oregon, along with other Senators
[Mr. STENNIS] has already inserted in the that are apparently being conducted in has for years supported the establish-
RECORD a statement by the chairman of a large number of countries in the field ment of a congressional watchdog com-
the Committee on Foreign Relations, the of social sciences. mittee over the CIA. It is most regret-
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FVLBRIour], This is an intervention that can only table that Congress has never seen fit to
which is highly critical of the use of the prove : o be as damaging to American give the American people the checking
Department of Defense research and de- prestige abroad as a military interven- protection that such a watchdog com-
velopment funds for investigations tion. It must be stopped. I call upon mittee would create.
abroad. - - the President to go even beyond the point One cannot discuss the research activ-
On behalf of the Senator from Arkan- he went in connection with Camelot- ities in these areas by the Defense De-
sas [Mr. FuLDRIGHT], chairman of the which I shall discuss momentarily-and partment, or by any other department of
Foreign Relations Committee, I am privi- make clear to the agencies in the execu- the executive branch of our Govera-
leged to express to the Senator from Mis- tive branch that this type of U.S. inter- ment, without recognizing that we are
sissippi his deep appreciation and vention by the United States in. the thought to be guilty of unjustifiably in-
thanks for inserting his prepared speech domestic affairs of any foreign country terfering, by way of intervening in the
in the RECORD. must stop. domestic affairs of a foreign government
However, some of us on the Foreign - If the intervention is not stopped, I in which research studies are being con-
Relations Committee feel that the speech predict that the United States will suffer ducted.
deserves more attention than a mere in- irreparably in many places in the world. Thank goodness, the United States
sertion in the RECORD. Therefore, I pro- We shall prove the vicious Propaganda- had a great Ambassador in Chile. When
pose to discuss the speech, and I shall of the Communists, which keeps charg- the protests of the Chilean Govern-
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meat were laid before him, he made per- One of the major premises in my argu- Camelot is not the only project that
Washington that it was ment this afternoon is that the Defense should be protested. I have an inter-
l a the interests of our country to Department has no business intervening esting document in my hand which con-
1k?rmit this kind of research project to under the name of research to investigate 'talns 620 pages. The title Is: "Special
continue. To his everlasting credit, as matters that falls within the field of for- , Warfare Area Handbook for Ethiopia."
I shall show later, when President John- eign policy. It is prepared by the Foreign Areas
son became apprised of the facts, he put I have been heard to say many times In Study Division, Special Operations Re-
I plead with President Johnson to see mara's war in Asia, that McNamara has
to it that someone is appointed to con- become the Secretary of State to all in-
duct a thorough examination in his own tents and purposes, at least in that part
behalf in regard to the research activi- of the world, if not In most parts of the
ties of every agency of the executive world.
branch of the Government, and to put . Again I say to my President, "It is time
a stop to anything that resembles the for you to put the leash on your Secre-
type of research project the chairman tary of Defense and make it perfectly
of the Committee on Foreign Relations clear that he ought to stay in his own
[Mr. FUIBRIGET] pointed out in the backyard, if you have to tie him in his
speech I shall refer to momentarily.
Military-sponsored research in the
field of the social sciences in foreign
countries has damaged our already much
tarnished image. Only recently there
were strikes in Brazil because, it was al-
leged, two Fulbright scholars were mili-
tary agents. Our legitimate scholarly
work was interfered with because of our
own ill-conceived military projects.
I am shocked by the realization that
the Department of Defense can, with the
greatest of ease, obtain vast sums of
money for research in fields of direct
concern to our foreign policymakers. I
would not be a bit surprised to be told
that there may be as many as 40 or 50
military-sponsored research projects in
foreign countries, any one of which could
seriously damage our relations with those
countries if they were to become public.
One of the very competent profes-
sional staff members of the Committee
on Foreign Relations told me within. the
last 3 hours that their investigation In-
dicates that I probably would be within
the realm of understatement if I were
to use the figures which I just used, of
40 to 50 military-sponsored research
projects In foreign countries.
The Defense Department has a total
budget for research and development of
$6.7 billion, over 1,000 times the $5.9 mil-
lion appropriated for the Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency, the agency
set up to find a way to a peaceful world.
Not only that, but also the total cost of
the research and Intelligence operation
of the Department of State is from $3.5
- million to $4 million, compared with the
defense research budget of $6.7 billion.
The Department of State has the mag-
nificent amount of $125,000 for all out.
side research. This is scarcely enough
to keep the Department of Defense spon-
sored social science researchers In coffee
and cigarettes.
As best I can make out, the funds saved
in the Department under this bill by can-
celling the ill-conceived Camelot project
is $1.1 million, nearly 10 times as much
as the Department of State spends on
outside research In this area.
The Project Camelot budget alone is
nearly one third of the total budget for
the entire Bureau of Intelligence and
Research of the Department of State-
$1.1 million versus $3.5 million.
The Defense Department has budgeted
$23 million for research in behavioral and
social sciences, as opposed to $3.5 million
own backyard down at the Pentagon and
let the Secretary of State operate the
State Department."
That policy happens to be consistent
with our constitutional system, but when
we have it Defense Department engaging
in the kind of foreign policy determina-
tions that are involved In these research
studies, we cannot support the conten-
tion that the Secretary of Defense is not
usurping the powers and superseding the
jurisdiction of the Secretary of State.
In earlier remarks, I have paid my
compliments to the Secretary of State
for what I have believed to be his inclina-
tion to bow to the will of the Department
of Defense. When I say that I have paid
my compliments to him, I put the word
"compliments" In quotation marks.
I am glad to see that the President of
the United States has now, by letter, in-
structed the Secretary of State "to es-
tablish executive procedures which will
enable you to assure the propriety of
Government-sponsored social science re-
search in the area of foreign policy."
I interpret that letter to mean-and I
hope that my Interpretation is correct-
that the President of the United States
has said to the Secretary of State, "You
conduct the affairs of this Government
in the field of foreign policy as they are
related to this matter of Government-
sponsored social science research."
If the Secretary of State conducts
them, we have better assurance that they
will not be conducted in secrecy. If the
Secretary of State becomes interested in
such a project, we can be sure that the
U.S. Ambassador in the country con-
cerned will first find out whether that
country wants such a research project
carried on within Its border. That is
the only way we can justify the ex-
penditure of American taxpayer dollars
for these research projects.
I wish the President had gone one step
further and told the Secretary of State
to seek adequate funds for this research.
I wish he had gone even a step further
and demanded that the Bureau of the
Budget exercise Its influence to see that
the Department of State gets what it
needs for foreign policy research and
that the Department of Defense is kept
out of this business.
I believe, Madam President, that this
is a good example of the direction In
which this Government tends to move
when we pay so much attention to the
military aspects of our relations with
other nations and so little to the Political
search Office, the American University,
Washington, D.C., operated under con-
tract with the Department of the Army.
In my judgment, the Department of
the Army had no business conducting
such a research study. This is but an-
other exhibit showing the tendency on
the part of the military minds of this
country to Interfere In matters that af-
fect American foreign policy-matters
that ought to be handled 100 percent
under the jurisdiction of the State De-
partment after it has worked out an
understanding with the foreign govern-
ment concerned.
We have an interesting series of
studies sponsored by the military minds
that have so much to do with American
foreign policy. Let me warn the Ameri-
can people to watch out for the con-
centration of military power in the
determination of our foreign policy for
civilizations before us have become lost
because military minds took over the
policies of their governments.
Our Founding Fathers wrote a guar-
antee into our Constitution that sought
to protect the American people from the
operation of the military mind in con-
nection with the civilian affairs of this
Government.
As I have expressed myself for some
years in the Senate, and particularly the
past 2 years, I am becoming Increasingly
concerned about the growing entrench-
ment of power of the military in deter-
mining the civilian policies of our Gov-
ernment. I warn the American people,
"Get It out of your head if you think the
military cannot take over in a democracy
In an hour of crisis. Do not forget that
before Hitler, Germany was a democ-
racy, and then the military took over.
Do not forget that other democratic
civilizations have fallen because the
military have been given too much
power."
I have before me another Interesting
research study; 820 pages, entitled "Spe-
cial Warfare Area Handbook for Japan,"
prepared by Foreign Areas Study Divi-
sion, Special Operations Research Office,
The American University, operating un-
der contract with the Department of the
Army.
Madam President, this type of research
should never have been started.
Special Operations Research Office has
been allotted $2,700,000, $1.1 million of
It for Project Camelot. This compares
with some $3.5 million for the State De-
partment's entire Intelligence and re-
search operation.
Lot me read the names of some other
countries in which this type of study has
boon made by the American military.
Various handbooks have been ap-
proved by SORO as to these countries:
Ghana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sudan,
Guinea, Panama, Cuba, Germany, and
Japan. And there are others.
I read from the transcript of the testa-
 2 > ~7G ggIV AL RECORD -SENATE 20923
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sponsored research group as given before partment of Defense for this kind of effects of indigenous governmental actions--
the House Foreign Affairs Committee: program. easing, exacerbating or resolving-on those
Our foreign area studies program, the one . Why do I say that? This kind of in- preconditions."
which is not funded by the Chief of R. & D.. tervention cannot go on In any country Mr. President, this language seems to
has turned out U.S. Army area handbooks without its having an effect on foreign me to be jargon. We must watch the
on Brazil, Cyprus, Liberia, and Venezuela policy in that country. That is the juris- Defense Department when it uses jar-
during the past your. Associated with these diction of the state Department, and not gon, because it has semantic experts
now books has been the updating and modest the Defense Department. who use language to conceal meaning
revision of the previously published hand- I call attention to some of the major and deceive the American people. This
books for Egypt. Indonesia, and Korea. Sev- of the
eral other books have boon reprinted with statements in the great speech is typical of the military mind.
now prefaces. Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT], Continuing to try to read meaning
type of research by the military which has been inserted in the RECORD into this jargon, the Senator from Ar-
This o hi to be type of stopped. research the ilitary today. The Senator from Arkansas said kansas continues:
lishment should be instructed to stay in the speech: This language seems to mean that Camelot
within its own backyard. The State De- I wish to comment briefly on the action was Intended as a study of conditions that
taken by the Appropriations Committee con- give rise to revolution and what, might be
partment owes it to its own jurisdiction 'corning research financed by the Department done about them. /
and responsibilities to see to it that the of Defense which touches on foreign Policy This project was but one aspect of this
authority given to it by the President, matters.
In the letter I referred to a few moments Two months ago, it came to light that the
ago, is executed and that the Defense special operations research office of American
Establishment is stopped from making University, an activity which the Army cre-
ated and supports, was preparing to conduct
research in Chile involving delicate questions
money. of our relations with that country. Neither
Of even more Importance than our Ambassador nor the Chilean Government
stopping the waste is to stop creating the was consulted in advance about the project,
glowing 111 will in country after country and both apparently learned of it from an
which is created when the people of those article in a Chilean newspaper.
countries discover that the United States
is interfering in their domestic affairs.
I have engaged in uphill battles to
bring reason to bear in the foreign aid
program, to eliminate the hundreds of
millions of dollars of waste which the
Comptroller General of the United States
has said is characteristic of our foreign
aid-more waste, the Comptroller Gen-
oral testified, than in any other agency
of the Government. The excuse given
for this type of research expenditure
falls under the heading of military as-
sistance.. That is the peg on which the
Army hangs projects like Camelot. I am
for pulling out the peg.
We find on page 10 of the transcript of
the House hearings:
Dr. VALLANCE. The Army has a major re-
ment In military assistance work. Obviously -.-That is Why I have been protesting
in Vietnam the Army is deeply involved in the danger of government by secrecy
the more active stages of dealing with in. which is developing. Imagine the De-
urgency, The Army thus, in effect is saying
in order to do our job better, we need to know Pane Department planning to proceed
the environment In which we are working, with a research study in Chile-and in
What the problems are, how people's expec- ' other countries-without the knowledge
tatlons may be thwarted by new develop- of the U.S. Ambassador, and without the
ments which they are unable to participate knowledge of the Government in which
in, how these lead to possible hostility toward country this kind of intervention was
the home government. The Army says in
effect to us then, "Help us to find out more planned.
about the problems of breakdown of social Mr. President, what has happened to
order, so that we can be better able to assist our Commonsense?
In the prevention of breakdown, and in the What has happened to our dedication
orderly development of the society." to a system of checks and balances un-
Dr. ROSENTnAL. All this is hung on the peg der the Constitution?
of military assistance? What has happened to that safeguard
Dr. VALLANCE: The military assistance pro.
gram is the main source. precious to our liberties under which the
Mr. FASCELL. They also have a responsi- military mind has no business interven-
bility, do they not in the use of psycho- lug in civilian affairs?
logical warfare In the event of combat? I am glad that the chairman of the
Dr. VALLANCE. That Is correct, and In ad- Foreign Relations Committee has
vising the indigenous military in their own brought out the danger of such projects
programs in that field. Shall I go on? I am as Camelot.
nearly to the end of this.
.. .. The Senator from Arkansas continues:
organization's research work for the Army.
SORO's work was described by Dr. Valiance,
Its director, as concerning " " mainly the
relationships with the peoples of the de-
veloping countries and deals with problems
of aiding In the orderly process of social
change and national development which is
of concern to the U.S. Military Establish-
ment. The Army provided $2,463,000 In the
last fiscal year for the operations of this
office.
Project Camelot had a budget of $450,000
for the second half of fiscal year 1965 and
$1.1 million for fiscal 1986. The total
projected cost over 3 to 4 years was to be
about $6 million.
I digress to say that money means
nothing in the Defense Establishment.
It demonstrates time and time again
that dollars are but grains of sand on the
beachhead of the American economy.
The military mind has no appreciation,
understanding, or concept of the im-
portance of the dollar. Thus, we have
such wasteful projects as these research
programs in the field of social science.
Members of the military should be
sent back to their social science classes.
Members of the military should take a
refresher course on the American consti-
tutional system. They need to be re-
minded of the limitations placed upon
their authority and right to intervene in
the affairs of civilian government as laid
down by our constitutional fathers.
The Senator from Arkansas continues:
The project was canceled In the wake of
protests by Members of Congress and by
Ambassador Dungan. So far as is known,
SOBO has not been required to turn back
unexpended funds provided for Camelot.
I do not know what the Army plans to do
with any funds available to it for Camelot -
but not yet turned over to SORO. I trust we
can take It for granted that any such funds
will not be turned over to SORO.
Project Camelot gave great offense to the
Chilean press and intellectual leaders and.
presumably, to the Chilean Government as
well. The reason for Its offensiveness is
obvious to anyone with an Iota of common-
sense and it seems to me It should also
have been obvious to the highly trained
"scientists" at American University, se well
as to the Army.
(At this point Mr. KENNEDY of Massa-
chusetts took the - chair as Presiding
Officer.)
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I digress
from the manuscript of the Senator from
Arkansas to say that is the policy of se-
crecy of the Defense Department, and
that is the procedure of secrecy of SORO.
That is why the senio;t Senator from
Oregon is warning the American people
to watch out for a development of gov-
ernment by secrecy in the United States.
That is why I have been heard to say-
and I argued it only yesterday afternoon,
as I had on my desk piles of reports from
the Comptroller General-that the for-
eign aid program is honeycombed with
waste and has been a causative factor I or
corruption in country, after country
The Senator from Arkansas puts quo-
tation marks around the word "scien-
tists"-and appropriately, I believe.
concerned, and deny any funds for --..._? r--- -? ---?-------- ----------
this ..anon called "Project Camelot." At a time when United States-Latin
purpose. I am sorry any funds are in Camelot was described In a fact sheet American relations are complicated by our
the bill for this type of research. I am provided by the Department of the Army ' intervention In the Dominican Republic, it
glad Camelot is out, but I object to any, as a "basic social science research project is not surprising that a project like Camelot
dollars being made available to the De- on preconditions of internal conflict, and on should be interpreted ~a having some perti-.
No.157--11
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nonce to a possible future U.S. military in- the RECORD the material submitted by the be quickly implemented by the admin-
tervention in Chile in the event of a revolu- Senator from Arkansas. istration. -
tion, The Senator from Arkansas Proceeded Going back to the Fulbright speech,
in any case, studies of possible insurgency to say. the Senator from Arkansas states:
movements within a country are an ceed-
ingly delicate matter. I can well imagine Following disclosure of the ambitious plans I note, for example, that nearly $23 million
how members of the Senate might react if for Camelot and Its cancellation by the De- is budgeted this year for research on be-
it were announced that Chilean or British partment of Defense, the President, by let- havorial and social sciences by the Defense
or French "scientists"- ter, directed the Secretary of State to-estab- Department, $8.3 million of this amount was
lish procedures for clearing all Government- allocated to the Army and out of this, $2.7
In quotation marks, again- sponsored research Involving foreign policy million was to finance work of the Special
were initiating a study of the conditions matters. This letter sets a clear and direct Operations Research Office. The House and
that might give rise to racial Insurgency in policy for all agencies, which should insure the Senate committee have reduced the total
Los Angeles or any other American city and that an incident like Project Camelot will of this type of research by about $4 mil-
what might be done to prevent It. not happen again, to the embarrassment of lion and I fully support this action, Project
Although Camelot has been canceled, oth- the Nation's foreign policy. Camelot, I fear, is Illustrative of the expend.
er Department of Defense research projects able nature of most of this research.
are planned or underway in other Latin Then the Senator from Arkansas asked President, that is my position, too.
American countries, Including Colombia, unanimous consent to have printed in Mr. Pres
Peru, and Venezuela. the RECORD at that point the President's Millions P t"vna?s could ide t, a saAaved for the American
if to to evo out. this Man-
sets as Camelot because I believe there
Iles beneath the jargon of "science" in
which these studies abound, a reactionary
backward-looking policy opposed to change..
.Implicit in Camelot, as in the concept of
"counterinsurgency," is an assumption that
revolutionary movements are dangerous to
the interests of the United States and that
the United States must be prepared to as-
sist, if not acually participate in, measures
to repress them. It may be that I am mis-
taken In this interpretation; if so, I would
be greatly reassured to have convincing
evidence to that effect.
I digress from the Fulbright manu-
script for a moment to say that I do not
believe he is mistaken at all. The De-
fense Department does not believe In
social change. The Defense Department
and the United States might just as well
wake up the fact that there will be great
social changes in the century ahead, and
I wish to see my Government assist in
helping countries in which those social
changes will be taking place In keeping
with our system of economic and politi-
cal freedom.
I am convinced that we must prevent
the military from carrying out this kind
of intervention In the domestic affairs of
foreign countries, where social changes
may not be to our liking. In my judg-
ment, if we unleash the American mili-
tary abroad, the effect will be to increase
the Communists in the world by the
millions, just as our military interven-
tion in southeast Asia today is creating
Communists by the hundreds of thou-
sands throughout Asia. That is why the
senior Senator from Oregon has been
heard to say so often, and will continue
to say, short of a declaration of war,
that what we ought to be exporting to
southeast Asia is bread, not bullets; what
we ought to be exporting to southeast
Asia is economic freedom. not war,
given when the Senator from Mississippi bill.e?4 +?~?~"?~ W..~w,.e courteously asked permission to insert I hope that we shall be able to reduce
the speech of t Senator from Arkansas wasteful aspects of the military
and the material rial he sought t to o have have appropriation program.
inserted. _,_ _
t0 say: My concern Is not limited to this $23 mil-
lion budget request but goes to the con-
This directive accomplishes the purpose tribution to our society from the $16 billion
I had in mind in proposing an amendment to spent for Government research. Is this 15
the Defense appropriation bill when it was percent of our Federal budget being spent
pending before the Senate committee. I as wisely and usefully as It should be? This
understand that the question was discussed Is a basic problem which the Congress has
at length by the committee and I am pleased allowed to grow to gargantuan proportions
that it included language in Its report ex- with Insufficient consideration and evalua.
pressing its concern about the need for co- tion, The question of sound priorities must
ordination in keeping with the President's be faced someday but I realize that this
order, is not the proper time for such a discus-
At the close of my remarks, I should and that But o I can am deal
hopeful that before
like to have printed in the RECORD mate- long the appropriate Senate committee, or
rial on page 4G of the committee's re- a special committee, will undertake a
port on this bill-with the heading "Re- thorough study of all our Government's re-
search in Foreign Countries," Including search programs.
the quotation from the President's letter,
I ask to have that excerpt from the re-
port printed in the RECORD at the con-
clusion of my remarks.
The PRESIDING OFFICER.
out objection, it Is so ordered,
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, the Sen-
ator from Arkansas continued:
The report makes mention of a directive
Issued by the Secretary of Defense, designed
to implement the President's instruction,
Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MORSE. I yield.
Mr. HARRIS. I agree with that por-
tion of the statement that he has quoted
from the Senator from Arkansas [Mr.
FULDRICUT]. I invite his attention to
the fact that In the Government Opera-
tions Committee, headed, by the distin-
guished Senator from Arkansas [Mr.
MCCLELLAN], a special subcommittee has
just been set up on Government research
'
,
and I ask unanimous consent that this rat-
ter be printed in the RECORD following my of which I have the honor to be chair- .
statement. man. It has as its scope the operations
The Committee's expression Is reassuring of the entire Government research pro-
and I am hopeful that It will follow up to gram carried on by all agencies of Gov-
insure that the Department of Defense is ernment, which is roughly 15 percent of
indeed carrying out the letter and the spirit the total Federal budget. Some overall
of the President's order for coordination. review of that program Is definitely long
I can assure the Senate that the commit- overdue. That is the subject that this
tee on Foreign Relations will have a continu- subcommittee has as its scope of opera-
Ing interest in this problem. Lion.
Mr. President, beyond the immediate im- _ _ _ __~__, -- ?., _ _, , _ - _ _ _
where in the world if follow the phi- been raised concerning Government- ciate the comments of the Senator. I
losophy of the American military mind. financed research generally. The Federal feel that the observations of the Sena-
I am glad that the opportunity has Government Is now spending some $15 bn- tor from Oklahoma are extremely
presented itself for the Senator from lion a year on research and development. pertinent.
Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT] to make Over $6.7 billion is budgeted for Department Later I shall discuss not only with
what I predict this afternoon will be rec- of Defense research in fiscal 1DSa. his subcommittee, but also with the
ognized as a speech of historic impor All too often, It seems that research is McClellan committee, the great concern
used by Government ago ucies either for which exists in the Foreign Relations
tance for years to come in this Republic. prestige and growth purpoms, or as a sub.
The Senator from Arkansas requested stitute for positive decisionmakmg, This Committee on the need for coordinating
unanimous consent that there be Inserted is both an unhealthy and a costly trend and the foreign policy activities of the veri-
in the RECORD at that point in his remarks I believe the Congress should take a hard ous Senate committees, Including the
two documents of the Department of the look at all Government research activities, particular subcommittee the Senator
Army, one a fact sheet, and the other a I digress from my reading of the Fill- from Oklahoma has mentioned.
task statement on Project Camelot. The bright manuscript to say to that observa- We shall discuss that at a later time.
consent which the Senator from Missis- tion "Amen." He is so unanswerably There must be developed In the Senate
sippi obtained automatically inserted in - right. The suggestion he makes should a direct line.of jurisdiction In connec-
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tion with the activities of every coin- hers of the senate Foreign Relations action of my Government in conducting
mittee which may impinge upon the for- Committee concerning the disclosures this war without living up, as I have been
eign affairs of this country. He will that the senator from Arkansas [Mr. heard to say so many times, to its con-
find me in enthusiastic support of the FUannICnr] has brought out. stitutional obligations and its interna-
issue that he raises. 'That factfinding Mr. President, at a later time I shall tional treaty obligations. I am voting for.
is needed. discuss what I think are some of the it in defense of the men who have been
I have mentioned my concern about problems that face the Senate in regard sent, and not in approval of their being
CIA earlier in my speech. I state for to the organization of committee juris- sent.
't th ltccoan that I am still unable to find diction in the Senate in respect to But the RECORD should also show my
out exactly what CIA is supposed to do. American foreign policy. Suffice it for continued protest of the war itself. The
I am also concerned that the research now to point out that the Senator from President of the United States should
facilities of the National Security agency Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT] has made make up his mind as to whether or not
and other agencies are being duplicated perfectly clear that he plans to protect he wants to conform to the Constitution,
by the Defense Department. 11 take note the jurisdiction of the Foreign Relations and the Congress should make up its
of the transcript of the House committee Committee. mind as to whether or not it wants to
hearing, where Dr. Valiance stated: EXHIBIT No. 1, declare war. In the absence of a dec-
Established on July 1, 1964, the Counter- Recent developments involving the Army's. laration of war, the President, in my
insurgency Information Analysis Center coi- canceled Camelot project have made it opinion, has no constitutional right to
lects, stores, retrieves, and analyzes data per- clear that the Department of Defense must send a single American boy to his death
taining to the human factors involved in coordinate its research efforts in foreign in southeast Asia.
insurgency and counterinsurgency situa- countries with other departments and agen-
tions in specified geographical areas. This cies of the Federal Government. On July But they are there, and they are dy-
Center responds to requirements from appro- 12, 1965, the Secretary of Defense issued a ing. They need equipment to protect
prlato U.S. military and civilian agencies by directive requiring that all studies in or for themselves. The bill proposes the ex-
providing analytical and other advisory sere- the Department of Defense, the conduct of penditure of $1.7 billion to give assist-
fees, which supplement those provided by which may affect the relations of the United ante to those boys. I shall vote for it
the rest of 60110 in its continuing program
of cross-cultural research.. The Center has
developed by this time a strong staff, has,
initiated a data base of six countries in Latin
America, middle east Africa and the Far Beat,
and has responded to a little over 100 In-
quiries from the Department of Defense and
other governmental agencies.
Later, he stated:
In the last half of 1964, a panel on be-
havioral sciences of the Defense Science
Board, after reviewing the Defense Estab-
lishment's social science research facilities
supporting counterinsurgency, recommended
that SORO increasingly orient its research ,
activities to the collection of initial primary
data in overseas locations and correspond.
ingly reduce its reliance on library material
and other secondary sources. We have en-
deavored to do this, for we fully agree that
more refined data for testing hypotheses and
evaluating on-going programs can be ob-
tained if one goes to the contemporary real
world source. Our actions in this direction
have been reflected in the work of the field
offices and in the plans for a number of new
studies, including Project Camelot which I
will now discuss briefly.
Mr. President, there it is. The Depart-
ment of Defense is intervening in the for-
eign policy affairs of a foreign govern-
ment. That is why we, have a great
ambassador, such as Ambassador Dun-
gan, vigorously protesting to his Gov-
ernment, when his attention was called
to this type of intervention in Chile. We
do not like it when we are charged with
imperialism, but if we permit this, then
the charge of imperialism is proved.
Mr. President, we must insist that all
affairs affecting foreign policy be than-
nelized through the American State
Department, and that the Defense Es-
tablishment be put in its place and told
to stay in its place.
I deeply appreciate the fact that the
Senator from Arkansas, as chairman of
the committee on which I have the
honor to serve, prepared this statement
of protest, and I only regret that he could
not be here to present the speech him-
self, as he intended to do. But he is
indisposed because of a slight illness, and
that is why others have presented this
material for him today. I sincerely hope
that the White House and the State De-
partment will take note that there is
great concern among a number of mem-
menreu wa~.? ~??o ~oo?a ?... v-.._--.-.
Pease for International Security Affairs. But I shall vote for it also because of
This directive will facilitate the coordination its many other features with which I
directed by the President in his letter of find myself in enthusiastic support;
August 2, 1066, to the Secretary of State in namely, the long overdue pay increase
which he said: "Therefore I am asking you for the military; the provision that was
to establish effective procedures which will adopted in regard to the so-called 35-65
enable you to assure the propriety of Govern- formula in connection with the building
meat-sponsored social science research in
the area of foreign policy." of ships.
Mr. President, I now turn to another Even though I do not approve of the
concern. I find myself in a very difficult reservation attached to that provision,
position in determining my vote on this I believe that if it is wisely followed as
bill. The bill contains many items with the congressional intent by a Secretary
which I agree that I find it difficult to 'of Defense, checked by a President of
vote against it. But it provides $1,700 the United States, what the proponents
million to support what I consider to he of the provision-and I was one of
an unconstitutional and illegal Ameri-
can war in southeast Asia, making it I ask the Senator from Mississippi if
difficult for me to vote for it. I suppose he can tell us, because I cannot deter-
we can say jocularly, "For once, WAYNE mine it from the committee report, twhy
he
Moass is on the spot."
But, Mr. President, I have decided to time for the prosecution of the Vietnam
vote for the bill, with the RECORD show- war, by way of supplying our fighting
ing my reasons for so doing. forces over there. Why $1,700 million?
American boys in South Vietnam did Why not $2 billion? Why not $1 billion?
not go there of their own volition. They Why not any other figure? I cannot
?t i th ? from the committee
n e reason
their Government. I fully realize that
as long as they are there, they must
have every possible bit of protection that
can be given to them, although I deplore
the fact that, in my opinion, they are sent
there to participate in a war that is un-
wise, unconstitutional, and illegal, in
that the President has no constitutional
power to make war in the absence of a
declaration of war.
It will be said, "You should not vote
money to conduct such a war," and there
is much merit in that.
But as a liberal, I never overlook hu-
man values. When I vote for a bill that
includes that $1,700 million-and I will
have a question to ask my good friend
from Mississippi momentarily, as to
where the $1,700 million came from, and
its justification-I am voting still pro-
testing the war, but I am voting to pro-
tect the human values of the American
boys who are fighting and dying under
governmental orders in that war.
When I balance the two problems that
I have just outlined, I feel that I can vote
for it in good conscience. I deplore the
ascot a
report, if it is there. I would appreciate
having the Senator call my attention to
it if I missed it by oversight. I cannot
find a breakdown of the $1,700 million.
Mr. STENNIS. I am glad to respond
to the question of the distinguished Sen-
ator. It is a very good question, indeed.
Earlier this afternoon, in my opening re-
marks, I first. covered the major items
that the $1.7 billion did not include.
Then I spoke briefly on the items that
it includes. I stated then that we had a
breakdown. We insisted on getting a
breakdown from the Department of
Defense,
Mr. MORSE. May I - interrupt to
apologize to the Senator from Missis-
sippi. I was trying to handle the educa-
tion bill, and I missed his opening re-
marks.
Mr. STENNIS. I know the Senator
was detained elsewhere, but I explained
then, and shall now explain to him, that
we had the breakdown in detail. I
shall be glad to show it to him. It is
classified, so it could not be included in
the report.
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 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 25, 1965
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t t n and articularly against
Cana
w
Overall, it pertains to planes, particu- I shall also pray that come anuary , e
larly for the engines. Engines are the if Congress should mistakenly decide to the United States.
first units to go into production. The adjourn sine die while American boys Look at the map of Asia. Our encloves
frames come later. The item also pro- are dying in Vietnam, we shall not be in South Vietnam, and even in Okinawa,
vides for helicopters. We are organizing confronted with a situation so serious the Philippines, and Taiwan, are no more
more and more helicopter units. We that a national emergency will have to permanent than were the Dutch in the
have had substantial losses of helicopters, be declared and that we shall find our- East Indies, the French in Indochina, or
as the Senator knows. The bill provides selves in a full-scale war. the British in Malaysia. Ours have
for large supplies of ammunition._I use I say that for the benefit of the ig- lasted longer than the others because
that term in a broad sense. It includes norance of the editors of the Washington right now we have the wealth to main-
rockets and cartridges, and the like. Star, who published today another of tain them against all comers.
Ammunition is being used very rapidly. their misleading propaganda editorials, But there is not one single significant
Bombing has been going on for a good - this one entitled "Brighter Day in Viet- Power in Asia that will aid us in our en-
while. Also, repair parts are a major nam." Itreads,inpart: deavor to maintain those encloves. In
item, due to breakage, wear and tear, Almost nothing is being heard from the the years and decades to come, there will
and replacements. Cassandras who, just a few months ago, were only be a growing unity in Asia to evict
.. . - _,.....u.... i...... the hni,Retnna that the United
In the Pacific area. Very little is for use
at home.
Mr. MORSE. I thank the Senator.
Mr. STENNIS. - In broad outline that
is the nature of the items. The amount
could have been more, because other ex-
penditures are accruing. Of Course,
funds can be used from the regular ap-
propriations in the bill.
Mr. MORSE. In other words there
can be an exercise of the transfer power
of the President.
Mr. STENNIS. That is correct.
Mr. MORSE. I appreciate the expla-
nation of the Senator from Mississippi-
I shall inspect the specific breakdown
which he has offered to show to any
Senator. The statement of the Sen-
ator from Mississippi is somewhat help-
ful to the Senator from Oregon, but it
does not remove my dilemma, for it is a
dilemma.
I have decided that I shall vote for, the
bill because of the human value factor
involved and because I believe our
soldiers who have been sent there, so
long as they are kept there, should be
given the funds necessary to provide
them with the maximum possible pro-
tection that can be given to fighting
In southeast Asia. They are silent, slgnifi- up against the tide and plead for peace
cently so. And the reason Is not hard to are referred to by what has almost be-
find. come an unacceptable word in America. -
I wish to say to these alleged journal- . This Christian Nation has almost
ists of the Washington Star that they -reached the point of war hysteria in
have only convicted themselves again of which it is almost subversive to talk
being nonreaders. They do not read, about peace,
On behalf of those of us who have been
protesting this illegal war, and have
continued to protest it, I Invite them to
be in the Senate gallery on Friday, be-
cause I Intend to speak at some length
on Friday in protest of this illegal war,
as I have spoken so many times during
the period in which they allege there has
been a silence.
But I expect that from warmongers; I
expect that from editorialists who are
unwilling to face up to the fact that we
are conducting a war in South Vietnam
that a good many of us believe cannot be
reconciled with our constitutional sys-
tem.
the teachings on which I was brought up,
for there is no more noble enterprise
that man can devote himself to than
seeking to establish a world order of
permanent peace. We shall never have
a world order of permanent peace with
the American military taking over Amer-
ican foreign policy.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial entitled, "Brighter Day In Viet-
nam,'- published in the Washington
Evening Star of August 25, 1965, be
printed at this point in the RECORD, for
I want history to know how ignorant
editors can be.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
TYDINds in the chair). Without objec-
to those edi-
Be that as it may, I say tion, it is so ordered.
tors that if they think military victories There being no objection, the editorial
in battle after battle in South Vietnam was ordered to be printed in the RECORD;
spell success for the United States, they as follows:
could not be more wrong. For months, BRIGHTER DAY IN VIETNAM
the senior Senator from Oregon has said There is no reason to doubt that the donr-
men. ,that we shall probably win every military. inant feeling in Washington official circles
Mr. STENNIS. If the Senator will enagement in southeast Asia. What today is one of optimism with respect to
yield, I assure him that this item is al- makes anyone think that the forces that the war in Vietnam.
most entirely for the military hardware we are fighting in Asia-which forces Almost nothing is being heard from the
needed by the men. are without any equipment, without air- - Cassandras who, just a few months ago,
Mr. MORSE. That is my understand- power, and without the great advantage were shouting from the housetops that the
Ing. which the American military might pos- United States was headed for a major dis-
Mr. STENNIS. In addition, there is sesses-can succeed against American aster to southeast Asia. They are teeny,
some military construction. significantly W. And the reason Is not hard
Mr. MORSE. I understand. I shall military forces? Of course they cannot. to find. -
continue to pray that my Government The South Vietnamese could not whip For some weeks now the tide of war has
them. So, we had to turn the war into been slowly turning in South Vietnam.
will change its course of action and try an American war. We had to send over There have been no spectacular victories of
to settle this threat to the peace of the ,American military power. We will win late for the Vietcong. The monsoon season
its -
is apst asavl ut w , wend end and the pessimists pessimists massive Co feared, .
world by resort to the Security Council of militarily and lose the war, for what we Iet ass
k's
the United Nations by the filing of a for- are going to do is to build up centuries munyet materialize. Finally, last week's
mal resolution on the part of our Gov- hatred for Americans, has to ry at Chu uin Lai iy by the U.S,
ernment with that body immediately. Americans, Aand through es ashing has s put a at
lieve for the white ite man n In Asia. Marines a put new face on the whole
The Senate knows that I do not be-
that all of the rationalizations that We. and our flunky government in business. It had been accepted as gospel
Saigon will remain in control of South that a numerical superiority of 10 to I was
spokesmen for my Government have ad- t- needed for successful offensive operations
the against the guerrillas. But the Marines
and only so fight. long The as American troops
vanced, such as Secretary Rusk, Mc- Vietnam
George Bundy, and Ambassador Gold- stay with a superiority of less than 3 to 1, trapped
berg sought to present on television the Washington Star and the senior Senator the unit of some 2,000 battle-hardened Viet-
night before last, can possibly change the from Oregon and the rest of us will be cong, dug them out of their caves and
undeniable fact that we have not official- gone, but the war will go on until we tunels, and decisively defeated them in
ly and formally filed a resolution before change our policy. - the worst setback of the war for the Com-
the Security Council. That is the pro- We cannot conduct a white man's war munists.
The difference probably was in air power
cedure that is called for by the charter. In Asia and eventually win, no matter and superior firepower. These are advan-
tages, should proceed to follow it. Until how many military victories we win, for tages, however, which the enemy cannot take
we do, we are making war In violation What we are doing is sowing the seed away from us. And the demonstration at
of the U.N. Charter. beds of hatred and vengeance against Chu Lai of their efferftiveness must be caus-
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 Ap' 4ri'Fi 'RiPe6a5se 2004/01/? 1AKS09M032M1 I - E 20927
ing serious second thoughts in Hanoi about: THY], and the Senator from Pennsyl- Mr. President, today the Senate approved
the wisdom of any mass attack on United vania [Mr. CLARK] are necessarily ab- by a vote of 89 to 0 a $46,756 million ap-
States positions. In this connection a word sent. propriation bill to provide funds for the
might be said about the bombings by the B'
62's and other aircraft. They have been I further announce that, if present defense activities of our country. This
ridiculed as attacks which accomplished' and voting, the Senator from Pennsyl vitally important measure covered such
nothing except to devastate jungle areas, vania [Mr. CLARK], the Senator from significant items as provision for, first,
abandoned by the Vietcong. Yet the evi-' Connecticut [Mr. DODD], the Senator military, pay, including a raise in that
deuce is accumulating that these bombings from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER], the Sen. pay; second, ordinary expenses of op-
have kept the Vietcong off balance, pre- ator from North Carolina [Mr. EavxN7, eration and maintenance and procure-
vented any large massing of their forces,
the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FuL- meat for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps,
It and is have true, seriously depressed
the course
d their morale RrmlrT1, the Senator from Ohio [Mr. Air Force, National Guard, and Re-f battle not oss i does s n not necessarily run run In one dirce- LABSCxE7, the Senator from Montana- serve Forces; third, defense research
tion all the time. In Vietnam, it may change [Mr. MANSFIELD], the Senator from Min- and development; and fourth, an emer-
again. But for the moment there is plenty ' nesota [Mr. McCARTKY], the Senator gency fund for southeast Asia.
of reason to believe that cautious optimism from Wyoming [Mr. MCGEE], and the It is a tribute to every Member of this
is justified, and that mounting pressures and Senator from West Virginia [Mr. RAN- body, but especially to the distinguished
fading victory hopes may serve before too DOLPII], would each vote "yea." and able manager of the bill, the junior
long to bring the communists to the con- , Mr. KUCHEL. The Senator from B1i- Senator from Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS]
.
Mr. STENNIS. Before I conclude, I business at the White House, and if pres- , from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALLI,
wish to thank the members of the com- ent and voting; would vote "yea." the ranking Republican member of the
mittee who have worked so long and so The result S was announced-yeas 89, Senate Armed Services Committee, that
diligently in the preparation of this bill, nays 0, as follows: (this major measure was treated by this
The hearings alone, comprising over [No, 238 Leg.] body with such thoroughness, yet with
2,100 pages of testimony, attest to their- YEAS-8B such efficiency and speed. Credit must
also be given to the junior Senator from
hard work. Hayden Musks
I believe that the bill before you Will. Aiken Allott ' Hickenlooper Nelson Wisconsin [Mr. NELSON] and the senior
provide adequately for our defense needs Anderson Hill Neuberger
for the current fiscal year, within the Barnett - Holland Pastore
limits which I have described above. Bass Hlvska Pearson
Mr. President, may we have the third Day, Inouye Pen
Bennett Jackson Prouty
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
is open to further amendment. If there
be no further amendment to be proposed,
the question is on the engrossment of
the amendments and the third reading
of the bill.
The amendments were ordered to be
engrossed, and the bill to be read a third
time.
The bill was read the third time.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I want
to state for the RECORD that, with refer-
ence to the amendment offered by the
Senator from Maryland [Mr. BREWSTER],
no legislation is contained in this appro-
priation bill with reference to ships and
other equipment.
It is charged that the committee has
who so ably presented their amendments,
and to the senior Senator from Oregon
[Mr. MORSE] who again ably and force.
Boggs ' Jordan, NO. Rimcoff the provisions in the bill. _ --"-.?,,.,. ~-
Brewster - Jordan, Idaho. Robertson
Burdick Kennedy, Mass. Russell, S.O. I thank and congratulate the Senate on
Byrd, Va. Kennedy, N.Y. Russell, Ga..:' its efficient and thorough treatment of
Byrd, W. Va. Kuchel Saltonstall
Cannon Long Me Scott a vital legislative measure.
'
, .
Carlson Long, La. . Simpson
Case Magnuson Smathers
Church McClellan Smith
Cooper ' - McGovern Sparkman
Cotton McIntyre Stennis
Curtis McNamara Symington
Dominick Metcalf ' Talmadge
Douglas Miller Thurmond
Eastland - Mondale Tower
Fannin Monroney Tydings
Fong Montoya Williams, N.J.
Gore Morse Williams, Del. I
Gruening Morton Yarborough
Harris Moss Young, N. Dak.
Hart Mundt- Young, Ohio
Hartke Murphy
NAYS-0
exceeded its authority. That Is in error. ' NOT VOTING-11
No provision concerning . that subject
is contained in the bill. Clark - Ervin McCarthy
Dodd Lauscho nando
I yield the floor. - Dodd LauscRandolph
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
having been read the third time, the
question is, Shall it pass?
The yeas and Bays have been ordered,
and the clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr, SALTONSTALL (when his name
was called). On this vote I have a live
pair with the Senator from Louisiana
[Mr. ELLENDER]. Knowing that if he
were here, he would vote "yea," I vote
yea." I
'The rollcall was concluded.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I announce
that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr.
DonDI, the Senator from Louisiana [Mr.
ELLENDER], the Senator from Montana
[Mr. MANSFIELD], the Senator from Wyo-
ming [Mr. McGEE], and the Senator from
West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH] are absent
on official business.
I also announce that the Senator from
North Carolina [Mr. ERVIN],'the Sena-
tor from Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGIIT], the
Senator from Ohio [Mr. LAUSCHE], the
So the bill (H.R. 9221) was passed.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. So that
everyone may understand what has
taken place in the byplay here, the ma-
jority leader [Mr. MANSFIELD], and the
minority leader [Mr. DlaxsEN] were at
the White House on official business.'.
We had hoped that they could return to
vote. The vote was 89 to nothing. If
they had been here the vote would have
been 91 to nothing.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I move
that the Senate insist upon its amend-
ments and request a conference with the.,
House of Representatives thereon, and
that the Chair appoint the conferees on
the part of the Senate.
The motion was agreed to; and the
Presiding Officer appointed Mr. STENNIS,
Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia, Mr. HAYDEN, -
Mr. HILL, Mr. MCCLELLAN, Mr. ELLENDER,
Mr. BYRD of Virginia, Mr. SALTONSTALL,
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota, and Mrs.
SMITH conferees on the part of the
Senate.
Senator from Minnesota [Mr. MCCAR- - Mr. MANSFIELD subsequently said: ,
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